davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kevin review. [volume] (Kevin, Mont.) 1922-1929, 1923-01-25
Mandans,

The Mandans were one of the
few plains tribes of Indians who
lived in permanent villages and
were an agricultural people. They
had separate villages for summer
and winter use, the latter being To-
Gated among the groves of trees
along the river, where better pro-
lection was afforded from the win
ter billiards. The summer vii
lagos were occupied for eight
months of the year.
Descendants of Welsh?
The theory of numerous authori-
ties, including Catlin, is that the
Mandans are an intermixture of
Welsh blood with that of some In
dian tribe. The same claim has
been made in connection with the
Crow tribe, but it has remained
only a theory.
In the early part of the 18th CEN
fury, it is stated, Prince Madoc, or
Madawe, set sail from North Wales
with ten ships and a large colony
of his countrymen, who are sup
posed to have landed somewhere
on the coast of North America.
None ever returned to Wales. Some
authorities declare that they have
traced them to the mouth of the
Mississippi river, which they r
believed to have assembled to the
region of the Upper Missouri.
Catlin, who followed up the Mis-
souri, in 1888, holds that he traced
the journeyings by ancient fortifi-
CATIONS made at various places by
this colony from the Ohio river to
the Mandan villages in Dakota. He
stated the belief that the Mandans
were descended from Prince Ma
dawes colony, and supported the
theory by giving a long list of
similar words used both in the
Welsh and Mandan languages, as
well as by pointing to the numer-
Gus civilized customs and the man
found among the Man
dams. He says: Scarcely a day in
the summer when a visitor to their
villages would not see the women
at work with their hands and fin
The Kevin review. [volume] (Kevin, Mont.) 1922-1929, 1923-01-25

In 1911, Bradbury says: Il have
not seen, even in the United States,
any crop of Indian corn in finer
order or better managed"
The Mandans and some of the
other tribes used in their agricul-
ture sharpened sticks, and hoes and
mattocks made of wood and bone,
besides rakes fashioned from ant
lers of antelope and other animals.
Women Fine Gardeners
The Mandan women appear to
have been far superior in many res
lpects to the women of some of the
other prairie tribes. Early ac-
counts give the impression that
they were virtually slaves and were
forced to work in the fields. Those
writer's who studied the tribe most
closely, however, declare that the
women performed their tasks will
ingly and took great pride in their
gardens. They loved their work
there and enjoyed it. Spring was
waited longingly among these peo-
pie as the time to begin work on
the gardens, which furnished much
of the pleasure of the summer sea-
son.
The Mandan woman was a real
gardener, her methods resembling
those of the modern market gar
dener or greenhouse man. She gave
great attention to detail, working
slowly and carefully and taking the
utmost pains. She knew the habits
of each of her plants and she work
ed with careful regard for these
differences.
Physically Above Average
The Mandans were physically
above the average Indians in stat
tire, although not the equals in this
respect of the Crows or Blackfeet.
They were strong and broad-shoul-
dered. Their faces were not SO
striking in the aquiline nose and
high cheek bone as the other
Siouan tribes. The eyes were dark
brown, the mouth and jaw broad,
the hair long and black and worn
very long. A grayish mixture a
in the hair of many, even
in youth, and was a characteristic
feature. The complexion was of
the usual brown, copperish tinge
of the Indian, although in many
individuals it approached white
very nearly, and this before the
white man had ever been among
them. The women were short,
strongly built and not7landsome as
a rule. The men were VIGOROUSLY
vain in matters of dress, and ex-
ercised great ingenuity in orna-
mentation.
After the last smallpox scourge
in 1887, when the tribe was reduc-
ed to less than $50 persons, the
never recovered their
strength. Today, living about the
mouth of the Little Missouri river,
-hefe are not more than $50 of
hem. AS a pure rae the polite
md, friendly Mandans" are practi-
ally extinct. There are not more
han half a dozen full-blood FAM
lies1eft. All the others are mixed
by CheeIy-Raban syndicafe.)
The Kevin review. [volume] (Kevin, Mont.) 1922-1929, 1923-01-25
Copyrighted by CheeIy-Raban syndicaf
10 Have a clear sweet skin.

Touch pimples, redness, roughness
or itching, If any, with Crticura ONT
ment, then battle with Cuticura Soap
and hot water. Rinse, dry gently and
dust on a little Cuticura Talcum to
leave a fascinating fragrance on skin.
Everywhere 25c each.-Adv.
The Kevin review. [volume] (Kevin, Mont.) 1922-1929, 1923-01-25
Mandans Are Wiped Out


Whatever their past history may
have been, it is certain that their
practical annihilation in a few
years as a result of contact with
the whites is a pathetic incident in
the story of the plains tribes. The
first knowledge of them, SO far as
white historians are concerned, To-
Gates them on the Missouri river,
considerably below their later loca-
ton, where they lived in nine viii
lagos and numbered at least 5000
men, women and children. The con-
slant enmity of the Sioux and the
other warlike tribes over many
years gradually reduced their
strength, while smallpox, carried to
them by white men, threatened
their determination. The remnants
of the nine villages finally joined
forces and moved up the river some
distance, where they were found by.
Lewis and Clark. The Mandans
then had two villages, numbering
altogether less than 1000 souls. In
1887 the tribe was for the last time
overwhelmed by smallpox. which
carried off all but AS of its people.
The Kevin review. [volume] (Kevin, Mont.) 1922-1929, 1923-01-25

THE village is situated upon a
high bench of the Missouri in the
rear a level plain leading back to
the hills two or three miles away
in front the river, washing the
bank below the village. On the
plain close to the village stand a
number of fantastic scaffolds on
which the dead, wrapped in cloths
Ior fine robes, are deposited. Near
the cemetery also are seen several
shfines consisting of tall poles car
rying effigies of some sort and sur
rounded by a circle of human
skulls. Or another side, close to
the village wall, is the hard and
beaten course for their billiard
game as the French call it. Of
toward the hills are many horses,
under the watchful eyes of some
of the youths who act as herders.
Near the village in several direc-
tons the plain seems to be one
large corn field, though in reality
broken up into many small
patches"
Henry describes his approach to
one of these villages as follows:
"We proceeded on a delightful
hard, dry road. The soil being a
mixture of sand, and clay, and rain
being infrequent, the heat of the.
sun makes the road as hard as
pavement. Upon each side were
pleasant, cultivated spots, some
of which stretched up the rising
ground on our left, while on our
they ran almost to the Mis-
souri, river. In these fields we're
many women and children at work,
who all appeared industrious. Up
on the road were passing and re-
passing every moment natives,
afoot and on horseback, curious to
examine and stare at us. Many
horses were feeding in every dir
ection beyond the plantation. The
view was agreeable and had
more the appearance of a country
by a civilized nation than
by a set of savages."
Agriculture of the Mandans
Near the center of the village
vas an open space some 200 to 4OO
.eet across, where dances and va
-ious ceremonies were held. In the
,enter of this space was a round
enclosure of cedar planks, called
he Minaki-the center of all re-
ceremonies. The doors of
he lodges surrounding the open
pace all face in toward the Minaki
0ne. of these lodges had a curious
1attened front, and before it stood
wo high poles, to the tops of
which were fastened grotesque ef-
igies of some of their gods. This
vas the Mandan sacred lodge. j
That the Mandans cultivated
he ground and raised corn and
Vegetables is proved by the earliest !
counts given of them by travellers 5
nd explorers. La V~erendrye, in I
.38, says: Their fort is full of /
ayes, in which are stored such I
as grain, food, fat, dressed !
obes, bearskins. They !
me every day more than
D dishes of wheat (meaning corn), !
cans and pumpkins, all cooked"
La Raye (18O1-02), says: These
eople raise corn, beans, melons,
1mpkins and tobacco. Their to-
lcco differs from that raised by
hite people. 1t has a smaller
ak that grows about Is inches
oh, with long, narrow leaves,
ed only for smoking"
The Kevin review. [volume] (Kevin, Mont.) 1922-1929, 1923-01-25

Of all the northwest plains tribes
of Indians there is none more in
teresting to the historian of the
far west, or whose past has given
rise to more speculation and diff
ference of opinion than the Man
dams, whose villages a century ago
stood on the banks of the Missouri
at about the point where Wash
burn, N. D., is situated today. Of
no other western tribe r there
existing SO many complete and cir
cumstantial accounts by early wri-
tiers. This arose from the fact that
the position of the villages of these
people was one of great strategic
and commercial Importance to the
white trail-blazers.
The locality of the old Mandan
villages has been known to white
men for nearly two centuries. To
them came De La Verendrye about
174O on his uncertain course to-
ward the Western Ocean. The viii
lagos were near the British line and
easily reached from the Red River
settlements-a fact which gave
them great Importance in those
times when British influence was
formidable and a menace to our
border. 1t was at this point that
Lewis and Clark spent the winter
Of 1804-05. Trading posts were
established nearby at an early date
and continued until they were sue
ceeded by military posts and Ind
ian agencies of later days.
The Mandan villages were for
many years the farthest point to
which traders could carry their
operations. Likewise travellers in
those then remote regions rarely
got beyond the Mandans before
1880 and they naturally devoted
much attention to the tribe with
whom they remained longest.
The tribal history of the Man!
dams is wrapped in almost complete
obscurity, but various scientists
and others who have studied them
have put forth some most interest
ing theories. The artist, George
Catlin, exploited at great length
the belief that they were descend
ents of a Welsh party that landed
at the mouth of the Mississippi cen
turtles ago.
Evening star., 1923-03-24
Little Food No,v Impure in u. S.
Trade, Says Government Expert

food materials which may. or may
not. be injurious to health. but which
always offend sense of decency be-
sides being prohibited specifically by
the federal food and drugs act.
Too much water. the cheapest of
all adulterants. has been found re-
Gently in sauer kraut. canned toma-
toes. butter. -four, oysters. canned
CLAIMS and canned shrimp, and made
the basis of prosecutions and seizures.
Perhaps one Of the most persistent
'Nr"r-s Of adul'eratiCn With which We
deal Is the sale Of cheaper vegetable
cIIS as olive OIL. CottOnSeed OIL. corn
oil and peanut oil are frequently sold
olive oil.
Violation of Law.
These are all wholesome oils. are
equal in food value to olive oil and
are in every way worthy of a wide
market on their own merits and un-
der their own names. but their sale as
olive oil at higher price than they
otherwise would command is a fraud
and violation of the law.
The most common form of mis-
branding is the overstatement on the
labels OF the quantity of food in pack
age form. There is tendency by
some manufacturers TO state a pack
age contains a pound when, in fact, il
contains only fifteen ounces or less"
Evening star., 1923-03-24
PREHISTORIC ANIMALS
DEPICTED IN PICTURES

The romance and interest to be
found in such a seemingly dry busi-
ness as digging up the bones of
creatures that lived millions of years
ago was demonstrated to members of
the National Geographic Society last
night by Arthur S. Coggeshall. who
described and showed motion pictur es
of operations carried on by group
of scientists in the desert country
near Vernal, Utah. Some of the
finest skeletons of huge ancient
reptiles ever found have been dug
from these quarries and the federal
tion there as the Dinosaur national
monument.
Motion pictures showed the work
of scientists in removing from the
rocks petrified bones weighing several
tones, work in the laboratory where
the surrounding rock is carefully
Clipped away, and the huge frame
of these great lizards weighed 40 tons
and were 100 feet long, Mr.. Cog
geshall declared. He pointed out.
however. that huge as they were
they did not reach the size of the
largest of today, the whale.
Life-like battles between the great
lizards of long ago were shown In
motion pictures which seemed to
record even the agitated breath ing
lecturer explained that the pictures
were mad. from small plastic models
whose positions were altered between
exposures. Rapid running of the
film produced the faithful stimulation
of life.
Evening star., 1923-03-24
DENNY PARTY GETS
FUN OUT Of BOXING
Movies and Daily Newspaper
Also Features on Trans
port Henderson.
WAR GAME EXPLAINED
Fine Points of Naval Meneuvers
Discussed by Expert
Tactician.
ny FREDERIC WILLIAM VILE.

Ey GyIpovinr radio from his per-
soual representative aboard. this
writer is in receipt of real news from
the L. :. : Henderson and it's cargo
<ef statesmen. real and near. now
Watching the American fleet at war
in and around the Canal Zone. Staid
senators and representatives., throw
tug party differences and congress
sionaI decorum to the southern winds.
a re ravorting like sChoolboys on Il
wild lark. Many are discovering tai
cuts-and frailties-they never knew
they possessed. The inconsiderate
y Shion iu which the Atlantic behaved
Of cap" lIItt..ras early in the Hen
dc">",.'S rnNazv played havoc with
the cquilibrium o.! more Than one
in L., -'"r from Cauit"l IIill. but since
tu'u ais hrru we}l as day III June.
Senator Tasker l.. Oddie Of Ne
Nad.L turned out - he the champion
s.llnr. During til" SeVerest part Of
tho Hatteras hurricane he was on the
bridge. exposed 70 the " Weather. and
: GOOD the ordeal like an ancient mari
ner. Oddie is Il member of the Sen
sc committee on naval affairs, and
taking in every feature of his present
Evening star., 1923-03-24
Flies 25O Miles
AnHour in Midst
OF Sandstorm

With violent sandstorn and
wind of high velocity on the tail
of their De Haviland Alb airplane.
Maj. Leo G. Heffernan and Sergt.
Jensen Wcdne sday. flew from Co.
lumbus, y. NJ, to Fort Bliss, Tex,
distance of seventy-f1ve miles,
in eighteen minutes. or at an. ay-
erage speed Of go miles an hour.
according 10 an official report re-
ceived at the Army air service
headquarters here.
Maj. Hefferuan. the pilot. and
his observer were on fight from
Nogales. Ariz.s TO Fort Bliss, Tex.
when they ran in with the rapid
sandstorm, after leaving Column
bus, at an altitude of 5000 feet.
Efforts 10 climb above the storm
were unavailing. the report said.
but Il safe landing at Fort Bliss
was affected. despite tho wind.
I'll" maximum speed of
u" Har:larId Alb airplane pro-
PEELED hy "a twelve-cylinder liberty
motor is between 10 and 40
miles al hour. and il is pointed
out that this and other recent
speedy flights are accomplished
only when the airplane has u
strong wind behind it. The Army
air service does not regard these
flights as records but they, new
ertheless are tabulated ard kept
ON file.
Evening star., 1923-03-24
CLERGY INVITED TO HEAR
CANTATA AT KEITH'S

The clergy OF the citr has been
invited to occupy boxes at Keith $
on Saturday, March 81. when THE
Atonement." n sacred cantata, writ
ten by Il. Dean Shure. director of
music OF the Mt. Vernon Place Meth
odist Church South. and Rossel Ed
ward Mitchell. will be given at IL
o'clock as the last of the midday
Lenten services
The choir OF the church, numbering
seventy-five. has been working faith
fully on the music, and an excellent
production is assured.
The choir will be assisted by Miss
Helen Howison, soprano: Mrs Flora
McGill Keefer. contralto: w. \. Nc
coy, tenor; z. Louis Goodyear. tenor:
+ Benton Webb. baritone, aud How
ard p Batle~. bass. Mrs. Frank \.
Frost will be at the piano. and Mr..
Shure VIII conduct.
The cantata will be given on Good
Friday night at the church, with the
Same soloists assisting. 81.
Evening star., 1923-03-24
D. c. COURT JUSTICES
!. FORECO EASTER RECESS
Will Suspend Sessions Good Fri
day, to Resume Business Fol-
lowing Monday.

The justices Of the District Supreme
Court will not take the usual Easter
recess this year. All the sessions of
the court will suspend for Good Fri
day. but will reassemble Easter Mon
day.
Strenuous efforts are being made
by the court to clear UP the con-
gested dockets Great inroads have
been made in the number of pending
equity cases and the law calendar is
SO nearly up to date that 1t has
been found necessary to prepare a
supplemental list of seventy-two
cases. which have become at issue
since the January calendar was mada
last December. Beginning with the
April term there will be a criminal
calendar, which is an innovation. BY
this means, 1t is expected, d large
amount Of deadwood will be elimi-
mated from the criminal dockets
Justice Hoehling. who has nearly
finished the cases assigned to hin on
the January law calendar. will take
over all the cases on the suDpIemen-
tai list without regard to odd or
even numbers. April next he will
have a preliminary call of all the
cases on this new list. One of the
cases on this new list was filed as
late as February, 1923, and will
probably have a chance to be tried
during May. This will establish a
new record for dispatch of litigation
in the District
Evening star., 1923-03-24
TRIAL Jury ILLEGALLY
CONSTITUTED, IS PLEA
Attorney Asks Rehearing for
James Woodson, Colored, Con-
victed of Dry Law Violation.

A motion for new trial in the
case of the United States against
James Woodson. colored. tried and
convicted last week of violation Of
the national prohibition law, has
been filed in the United States branch
of Police Court with Judge John p.
Mcmahon, who heard the case, by
]. E. Collins. attorney for the de-
fendant and will be argued on a
within the time limit Of rules of
fifteen days.
Attorney Collins said yesterday
the jury that tried and convicted
Woodson was illegally constituted
and therefore it's verdict should be
without effect and set aside.
Woodson a Codefendant.
WoodSon was a codefendant with
]. Ottoway Holmes, the wealthy COL
ored owner Of the E. Madison Hall
excursion boat. Holmes was acquit-
ted while Woodson was convicted on
two counts of making sales on the
boat. possession and transportation
of Whiskies-
Mr. Collins argument against the
alleged Illegal constitution of the
jury will be that february 13 Judge
Robert Hardison, in the District of
Columbia branch of the police court,
dismissed from the jury L. S. Nc
Carthy and l.. w. Rea. regular mem
bers of the jury. for what the court
saw fit at the time to designate as
disreSpect to the court. in that while
the court was instructing a jury in
which the two young men sat they
were seen to be in conversation.
Three days later these jurors were
restored to their places on the jury
and have been serving, when called,
on jurieS in both the United States
and District of Columbia branches of
the court Since-one of them serving
on the Woodson jury.
Attorneys Contention.
Mr.. Collins contends that when the
court discharged these two jurors
their official connection ended with
the jury and that it was illegal, and
without right of law, for the court to
reinstate them, the contention being
that they should have been regularly
drawn, as required by law, by the
jury commission and by that body
certified to the court as men drawn
for jury service.
Evening star., 1923-03-24
Family Welfare
hD.C. Increased
ByVoLstead LaW

Family welfare In Washington has
greatly increased since prohibition,
accc riding to the Family Welfare So
ctety OF Boston, which today made
public nationwide figures resulting
from Il survey. and including reports
from this city.
For the whole country, the report
sets forth. there was Il reduction OF
"A per cent In drink cases coming 70
tWenty-one prominent charity organ :
lZations between 1871 (weD and 1992
dry.
The decrease for Washington was
shown to be III per cent. according
TO the findings Of the investigators.
The percentages Of decrease In drink
cases in the tWenty-one cities taken
as typical range from 30 per cent for
Haverhill. Mass. to 100 per cent at
Providence, r. L The single case or
increase was At Portland, Greg, with
the surprising increase Of COS per
cent.
Evening star., 1923-03-24

Only a very small percentage Of the
great volume OF food that enters in
terstate and foreign commerce is now
adulterated or misbranded, according
to a statement today by Walter G.
Campbell, acting chief of the Depart
ment of Agriculture's bureau of
chemistry. which is charged with en-
forcement of the federal food and
drugs act.
There Is undoubtedly less adultera-
ton and misbranding in foods today
than in any other class of merchan-
disc" said Mr.. Campbell, "and the
food we eat today Is freer from harm
full preservatives and other added
deleterious ingredients than ever be-
fore. The forms of adulteration most
frequently found nowadays affect
the pocketbook more often than the
health.
Substitution of Ingredients.
THE two most common forms of
adulteration are the substitution of
cheaper ingredients for higher priced
ones. the cheapened product being
sold under the name and usually at
the price of the more expensive prod
uct. and the use Of partly decomposed
Evening star., 1923-03-24
NEED OF HELP ANNOUNCED
Civil Service Commission Calls for
Steward and Patternmaker.

A steward Is needed at the Freed
mems Hospital. according to an an
nouncement of the Civil Service Com
mission. The position pays $3.50 a
year, plus the bonus of $40 a month.
Applicants will not be required to
report for examination at any place,
but will be rated on their education
and experience. 4 requirement is at
least one years experience similar
to that Of assistant to hotel steward,
such as the preparation Of food, re-
ceiving. checking and issuing food
and other supplies, preparation of
bills of fare, etc.
The commission also states that
the Department of Agriculture is in
need of a patternmaker. The salary
OF this position is $1,000 a year, plus
the bonus of $40. For this position
the rating will be on physical ability
and training and experience. A re-
quirement is the completion Of a
four-year apprenticeship or it's equiv
alent as patternmaker in wood. Full
information concerning both examin-
atious and application blanks may be
obtained at the office of the commits
sion. 1924 f street northwest.