Evening star., 1923-07-22
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

N their conquest of the Turks the
allied powers of Europe, notably
France and England, marched
= right up the hill and are about
ready to march right down again.
On Tuesday, in Lausanne, there
will be signed a treaty supposedly
settling the problems between Euro
pean nations and the Moslems. This
treaty will end the state of military
conflict that has existed almost con-
stantly since the Turks allied them
selves with Germany in the world
struggle, but the major problems
and concessions to foreign powers,
oil grants and debts are yet to be
thrashed out in arbitral counsels,
with possible reference to the league
of nations eventually.
But the specter of war in the near
cast has been removed from the i'm
mediate horizon and this, it may be
stated, will go far in the general
problem of adjusting continental pol
Ictes-for the time being at least
The allies are left with one main
grave issue to be ironed out-that OF
the Ruhr. AS long as the near east
-rn problem ran concurrently with
interests OF England and France
varied to marked extent in the near
east, the chances OF permanent
agreement and consequent settled
order remained remote. Now the
chancellories, or allied capitals at
least can settle down to the removal
OF the one great Issue. which will
offer warlike potentialities until finis
shall have been written on states
craft parleys-that of German repa-
l.
the Ruhr.
Turkey Left I" ExplOiters.
When the allies and the Turks
signed the treaty of Sevres the whole
OF Turkey was left open to exploita-
ton by western powers. old conces-
sions were upheld and new ones
forcibly granted. Turkish nationality
vas made more of joke even than
under the regimes of the old sultans,
who supinely bartered and generally
left themselves at the beck and call
of the crafty statesmen of Europe.
The allies, with sharpened diplomatic
knives, hewed and carved. The old
Turkey territorialIy was left but q
shambles. Mesopotamia, Palestine and
a major portion of old holdings in
Europe having been taken from the
Turks. Truly the outlook was not
good for Islam.
Then 1t was that Mustapha Kemal.
an army leader, defeated in the war
table courage, fired by tremendous
patriotism, called upon the Turkish
peoples to resist the dictates of the
European powers and trample into
the dust the edicts and even the gov
"rnment of ConStantinople, which
oil " IL
destines of the Turkish people His
enthusiasm was Infectious. TO his
ranks fiocked soldiers and officers of
the skeleton army remaining after
the war. A new capital of the So
called nationalists' was set up at An
CORA, and pronunciamentoes went
forth that this was the real govern
lncnt OF Turkey and that its decrees
were to be obeyed 1t was announced
that, with the loyal cooperation of
the people. Turkey would be restored.
Not the old Turkey. which had known
nothing but the bartering Of its very
birthright. Not the old Turkey, ever
lager to complacently obey outside
dictates. On the other hand. there
would be a Turkey that would stand
firmly forth to maintain its national
dignity to the last and preclude COM
Dlete destruction of the geographical
and political entity by the outside
world. The iniquitieS of tho treaty
of Sevres were harped upon and de-
nounced as being inimical 60 best
Turkish interests. Mustapha hemaIs
cry was heard throughout the length
and breadth of the land. 1t pros
pered. A new heart was placed in the
centuries old body of the Turks. and
Europe was told that Turkey would
never comply with any treaty signed
by the sultan's government-that
Europe must respect Turkish rights
and territory.
Constantine Goes to War.
In the meantime King Constantine
Of Greece, who had promised the res
toration of the old Byzantine empire,
If he was restored to the throne,
seized upon one excuse. then another,
and initiated d campaign of conquest
against the Turks. He led his forces
into Anatolia. European nations took
sides The French leaned toward the
Turks, the British toward the Greeks,
each seeing a chance OF maintaining
and even enlarging their dominion
of political influence. The French
furnished arms to the Turks. 1t is
charged that Britain furnished arms
TO the Greeks. At any rate disastrous
Fighting went forward over several
months and then the two worn-out
armies of Greece and Turkey rested
upon their arms In impaSse. Suddenly