davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-07-08
BY FRANK G. CARPENTER.
KRISTIANIA, Norway.

KRISTIANIA, Norway.
HAVE come from Copenhagen to
Kristiania to write of the Alaska
of Europe. Away up here at the
i northwestern end of the conti-
nent, hanging down like bulbous
nose over the cold face of the new
republic of Finland, is peninsula
that corresponds to the territory
which Secretary Seward nick-named
. the lice box of America" This pc
ninsula includes Norway and Swe-
len and is called Scandinavia. 1t
lies in just about the same latitude
as Alaska.
If / should take an airplane and
fly west round the world at just the
same distance from the north pole
as where 1 am now l could look down
upon Juneau. Stockholm, in Sweden,
is not far above Skagway, while
Trondhjem, in Norway, a few hun
dred miles above Kristiania, Is almost
as far north as Nome. Hammerfest,
the city of Europe nearest the pole.
has a location corresponding to Point
Barrow, on our arctic coast of
Alaska, and Scandinavia has propor-
tionately about as much land north
of the arctic circle as we.
Our government makes a big noise
about it's new line from Seward to
Fairbanks as the railway of the
noth pole. Scandinavia has a steel
road hundreds of miles farther north.
1t crosses the head of this peninsula,
tapping great iron mines inside the
arctic circle and ending at Narvik,
a Norwegian port, which, although
far above. Bering strait. has open
water all the year round. The
Swedes are electrifying that line.
This Alaska of Europe Is only half
the size of the Alaska of America.
Still 1t is four times as large as New
England. 1t is so long that If 1t
We're laid upon the United States 1t
would reach from the Gulf of Mexico
nearly to Canada, and it's southern
part in some places is as wide as
the distance from New York to Pitts
burgh. Sweden alone is more than
four times as big as the state of
Ohio with Massachusetts added
thereto, and Norway only a bit
smaller than Minnesota and Iowa
taken together. 1t is as far from
Vardo, on the arctic coast of Norway,
to Lindesnes, on the south coast, as
the latter port is distant from Rome,
and the trip around the Norwegian
coast takes as long as to cross the
Atlantic.
This great body of land is a mass
of some Of the oldest rocks known to
man, with patches of earth here and
there, and with many lakes and rivers
and a vast area of forests. The Nor
wegian part is mostly a stony plateau
agJt by long fjords or arms of the
sea, and the Swedish part Is a plain
sloping down from this plateau to
the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic.
The two countries, including Den
mark. which consists of the islands
and patch of land at the foot Of
the peninsula, have about 1900. 900
people. the whole making up -Hhat
Evening star., 1923-07-08
pie of the Alaska of Europe Have Many Ties With Americans

might be called the ScandinavianS of
today.
COMPARED with Alaska, Scandi-
~ navia is thickly populated. 1t
has twenty thousand people where
Alaska has one. and, although it is
in the same latitude. it supports them
all and gives them a good living. Our
Alaskans belong to one of the young
est races on earth. These European
Alaskans have come down from the
oldest. Their ancestors were here
when Cheops built the great pyra-
mid. They were alive on this spot in
the stone age, and in the iron age
that followed they sold their wares
all over Europe. 1t was only shortly
after Christ came that Scandinavian
ships were trading with the Romans
and the Caliph of Bagdad. They sold
amber for bronze at just about the
time the Chinese began to make lit
erature. They have figured in his
tory since Queen Dido laid out her
ancient city of Carthage, and many
centuries before Romulus and Remus,
fed by the wolf, had started Rome.
They were old when Solomon built
the temple and when Confucius first
saw light on the hills of Shantung.
They cover, in fact, all human his
tory, and there are scientists here
who claim that the Scandinavian
race. which, pure and undefiled. we
have with US still, dates back to
more than 10000 years before Christ.
Some even believe that the Aryan
race started here on the shores of the
Baltic and that this, rather than
Asia, was the first home of the
whites.
At any rate, we have very definite
records of what the people have done
since the days of the middle ages.
More than a thousand years ago the
Vikings, by which is meant the peo-
pie living in the coves along the coast
of Scandinavia, went out in their
ships to trade and fight with the
other nations of Europe. They sailed
as far south as Gibraltar, and their
various kings had a forced draft for
their navies which enabled them to
hold together and act as one. They
were converted to Christianity before
the year A. D. 1000, when they had
their first Christian king.
And what is of greater Importance
to us, it was about that time that a
Norwegian crossed the Atlantic and
discovered America, beating Column
bus by about 500 years. The man
who made the discovery was a Vik-
ing named Lief. the son of a Nor
wegian known as Erik the Red. He
crossed over to Iceland and Green
land and from there went down the
mainland Of America and established
settlement, which he called Vine
land, or the Happy Land. There is here
in Kristiania today ship which is
perhaps the exact counterpart of the
vessel commanded by Lief. Indeed, 1t
may be the very same ship, for it
is more than 1,100 years old. 1t was
dug out of the blue clay of the Cod
stad farm just thirty-three years ago.
This farm is only four hours from
where I ana writing and can bereasily
Evening star., 1923-07-08
ties of the Season and Gavarnis ull-Skrted Frocks

other girls in red she doesn't like to
be outdone in the matter. Even If
she isn't wearing red she likes to
know that she can when she wants
to.
And red Is really an excellent se-
lection for sport wear. 1t looks
warm-and the idea Of playing ten
mis- or golf in anything red on a
midsummer day may make you gasp
but red in the bright sunshine doesn't
look so furfously red as you think It
is going to. Nature dresses a host OF
her midsummer flowers in red. Vio-
lets and daffodils bloom in the spring,
but poppies and geraniums and SALIVA.
and cannas and bergamot flourish
khen the sun shines brightest.
Copyright. 1923.)
Evening star., 1923-07-08

reached by automobile.
The ship was brought here from
it's burial place, not far from the sea,
and it is now installed in a shed in
the rear of the university building.
1t is of oak and the hull and keel
are still in good preservation. AS
see it now in my minds eye, I can
add to the picture and reproduce 1t
as it sailed those stormy seas of the
past. By my American tape measure
it is seventy-seven feet from bow to
stern and just sixteen feet wide. In
the third plank from the top there
are sixteen oar-locks and the rudder
was on the right side. There Is no
anchor shown with the ship, but I
venture the one which held 1t was
only a marble in comparison with
the mighty mass that holds firm the
Majestic and upon which I stood be-
fore starting for Europe. You could
put this boat in the ballroom of the
Majestic and a hundred couples or
SO could still foxtrot round it. Never
theless, it was in such a vessel that Lief
Erikson crossed the Atlantic and
established the first colony on the
American coast.
IRON this you will see that it was
l. a Scandinavian who first came to
America, and If you will examine our
records you will find that they con-
tinued to come. The Swedes settled
on the Atlantic coast almost as soon
as the Dutch. They had a colony on
the Delaware river known as New
Sweden within fifteen years after
Manhattan island was bought of the
Indians, and for two centuries there
after the Swedish language was
spoken in our churches of the
Swedish foundation. Many of the
first families of Pennsylvania, Della
ware and New Jersey trace their de-
scent from these Scandinavians.
Along about 1925 the Norwegian
Quakers began to come to the United
States, and a little later there was a
great immigration of the Swedes and
then of the Danes, We have today
eleven hundred thousand Of these peo-
pie born in Scandinavia, and with
their children they probably number
five millions, or one person in every
twenty living under the American
flag. There are more Norwegians in
the United States by one hundred
thousand than there are in this city
of Kristiania, and we have more
Swedes than has Stockholm by two
hundred thousand.
These AxeI among -thA
Evening star., 1923-07-08

be designed for the slender, awkward
figure of the young girl?
Perhaps it's the only sensible ar
rangement. Since it is the very
young girl who can take the fash
ions so seriously it may be only
right that they should be made espe-
cially for her. And it may be that
there really is something wrong with
society, when fashions are made for
the older, wiser, more sophisticated
woman instead.
When you go clothes hunting with
your young girl of sixteen you may
find that while you consult your
dressmaker's saleswoman concerning
full-skirted models the young girl
herself will be casting eager eyes
toward the more sophisticated draped
and trailing frock. But use tactful
Evening star., 1923-07-08

persuasion to induce her to have a
party frock or so Of the full-skirted
sort-for she can wear them to such
excellent advantage. Even the rather
plain young girl becomes SO trans
formed in a well constructed frock of
this sort that her own father or big
brother raises his eyebrows and per-
haps whistles. He becomes suddenly
convinced that the ugly duckling isn't
such an ugly duckling as he had
thought. Blessed If she isn't ceasing
to be a duckling at all and is becom-
ing a swan!
X X y X
T~HEY have called these full-skirted d
i frocks by many names since the
mode was first revived several years
ago-and perhaps you still call them
second empire or Empress Eugene.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Ingenious Lighting.

A NOVEL mode of electric lighting
is that employed at country
club near Chicago. 1t appears that
there are two garden foyers which
form the terminus of the promenade,
each Of which measures thirty-six
feet by seventy-two feet The high
arched ceilings are tinted a faint sky
blue.
The light is all supplied from
seven-foot pedestal. which contains
two 500-watt gas-filled tungsten
lamps in silvered mirror refectors.
Harsh shadows and glare are avoided
with this indirect system of light
ing, and every detail of the decora-I
TOPS has been clearly brought out.
Evening star., 1923-07-08

" HIS summer there are two sill
houettes and they are both
extremes. There is the straight
line contour-straight and lank
AS poplar in Lombardy-and there
Is the bouffant outline that spreads
like the chestnut. Your skirts may
measure a yard and a half about, or
they may measure four or five, and
thexe isn't much choice in between.
The silhouette in 1923 knows no
moderation.
Extremes are always more becom-
ing to the young than to the no.
longer-young. And whether you like
1t or not it is the extremes that
are smartest. There is always the
element of the extreme in smartness,
Always much of cautious moderation
in dowdiness.
If one has no daughter of sixteen
or thereabouts, one is tempted to
adopt one for week or two just
for the pleasure of planning, buying
and making her summer clothes. For
truly the smartest and prettiest of
the new clothes are especially suit
able for her.
1t was when we were sixteen or
seriously.
And it is the girl of sixteen, seven
teen or thereabouts to whom the
fashions at present seem most SOL
emnly important-not clothes so
much. but fashions.
Never again will the length of
skirt or waist. the tilt of hat. the
location of bow, or the design of
q sleeve seem so significant.
1t is the clothes you wore when
you were sixteen or so-the first
clothes you helped select after you
had really become grown up-grown
up in your own estimation If In no
one else's-that dominate all your
later clothes conceptions. When
woman speaks of a normal waist
line, or thinks of clothes that were
graceful and made women look the
way the Lord meant them to look,
and not like caricatureS, you will
usually find that she is thinking Of
the clothes she wore when she was
sixteen. In fact. you can generally
get the vintage of woman by the
sort of fashion that seems right and
proper and beautiful and graceful.
THERE is never a time when year
l. before lasts clothes look quite SO
frumpy or so absurd as when you
are sixteen, and there is never a time
when the veryAnewest fashions seem
so completely TO have achieved the
perfection of smartness and beauty.
Ut seems almost as if there would
never have to be any more changes
of fashion-as if the fashions of all
the ages had been leading up to these
wonderful new things that are yours
to wear. Age and middle age may
be intolerant III some respects, but
there is nothing SO supremely intol-
Grant as the attitude of the young
girl toward clothes that are not in
style.
Then by the time you're eighteen
or nineteen or so you begin to see
what a tickle jade fashion really is
and by the time you are as old as
you are now-well, fashions just
serve purpose-an excuse for buying
new clothes with every new season,
means of achieving that variety in
appearance from season to season
which is rather necessary to the
maintenance of your charm.
Sometimes the older woman storms
a bit because the newest fashions,
the prevailing silhouette, all seem to
be made for the young girl. 1t
doesn't seem fair. Older women are
charming and influential and impor-
tant-more SO than their sixteen
year-old daughters, you may think.
and they have the money to spend,
too-why should the clothes SO often
Evening star., 1923-07-08

best of our citizens. They are far
above the average of our foreign
born in education and in mechanical
and literary ability. We have no bet
ter farmers, and. as every one knows,
they take naturally to politics and
have almost as much to do as the
Irish In governing our country. And.
by the way, the Scandinavians remind
one of the Irish, of whom 1t is written:
Sure tits the finest country of the
finest nation
Wild charmin' pisintry upon a
fruitful sod,
Fightinr Hike devils for Cancellation
Evening star., 1923-07-08
An hatin' each other for the love

An hatin' each other for the love
of God"
Just now the Scandinavians are at
peace, but they have gained strength
by their wars of the past. Until
about 1914 the Danes ruled the .,or-
wegians, but when Napoleon was
conquered, they lost out and Norway
Joined Sweden. Those two countries
kept together until 1905, when Nor
way split away and became inde-
pendent, electing the brother OF the
present King of Denmark as ruler.
1t is no wonder that the Norwe-
gians feel at home in the United
.statss< THAR country II much like
Evening star., 1923-07-08

Lived Before Ceops and More Than Hundred
Before Columbus Was Born Ekson and the Viking Ship Now
KnaWha the Capital Looks Ikea Winter With
Than
Holmenkolen Ieap
Evening star., 1923-07-08

Miss Reba Hurn, first woman state
senator in the state of Washington,
went through the entire Legislative
session this year without making a
apaach
Evening star., 1923-07-08

to have black frocks. She has felt
especially keen about black evening
frocks, Now she has a penchant for
red. With weather eye out for
Evening star., 1923-07-08

Other years the precocious sixteen
year -old-and they are all precocious
when IL comes to choosing clothes
has yearned and begged and intrigued
Evening star., 1923-07-08
BY ANNE RITTENHOUsE.

n HIS summer there are two sill
houettes and they are both
extremes. There is the straight
u line contour-straigh and lank
Evening star., 1923-07-08

Copyright. 1879
Evening star., 1923-10-05

tngly strong, and the structure was
taken over by the government and
opened a. q free bridge. Itststability
was questioned many times. and It
came to be considered unsafe 1t will
soon pass.
The new bridge in a certain way. Is
"a toll bridge, and this feature of 1t
opposes public sentiment. When street
cars cross the bridge every passenger.
will pay an extra fare Of half q cent
or will buy two bridge tickets for @
cent. While the charge is very small,
1t is TOLL to be paid only by street
car riders and not by persons who ride
In automobiles or by persons who
walk. 1t is a free bridge for autoists
and PEDESTRIANS but toll bridge for
street car passengers.
The law imposes on the street car
company q tax of half q cent on each
passenger carried over the bridge in
addition !, to the. regular tax on it's
gross receipts The company spent
$4,000 in building the extension, and
its president, says that the company
made the extension not with the idea
that il would be large revenue pro.
Queer, but with the idea that it was
necessary to give service" The com.
pany will collect from each passenger
the tax it must pay for carrying him
over the bridge. To shat extent the
Key bridge is a toll bridge
Evening star., 1923-10-05

and especially so when one considers
that Alexandria is not,s large city.
When a few Alexandrians began to
talk of setting up on Suffers Hill, or
Shooters HILL, building to cost con-
siderably more than a million dollars
there was much slSepticism. When the
idea was broached million dollars
was a bigger sum than it is now. and
Alexandria was not as large and. pro-
.gressive as 1t has become since the be-
ginning Of the world war.
Alexandria holds the memory Of
George Washington in profound re-
gard. Though he lived several miles
farther down the river, Alexandria was
his home town, and Alexandra has al
ways accounted. him as one of its citi,
zens.. The Alexandria Lodge OF Nelson's
was Washfngton's lodge. though the
Fredericksburg lodge has affeetionate
claims upon him. He attended Christ
Church at Alexandria, though he also
attended the church at Pohick and
was member Of the old Pohick
Church before the building Of Christ
Church. 800"
The associations of Alexandra with
George Washington are numerous.
and the people Of that famous old Vir-
ginia city. which for more than half e.
century was a city Of the District Of
Columbia, keep fresh the remembrance
of these associations. :. Millions Of
Americans will read and think OF
Alexandria when the news Of the COR
'ner stone laying goes out to- every
newspaper in the country. A large
part of the people of Washington city
will join the people of Alexandria in
celebrating the event. - -.
Evening star., 1923-10-05
Alexandria's Big Event.

The laying Of the corner stone Of
the George Washington Masonic Ma
tional Memorial at Alexandria Novem-
Der / is. to be an event marking an
other step in the erection Of one.of the
great Masonic structures Of the world
and drawing together a host OF Ma
sons from all our states. This as.
sembly will probably be the worlds
greatest gathering OF blue lodge Ma
sons. Fifty thousand members of the
Masonic fraternity, 1t is expected, will
attend the ceremony. The George
Washington National Memorial Asso-
citation, which has carried this edifice
to it's present stage Of construction, II
keeping on with its work in good
seirit, ana soon the walls Of the build
ing on the heights west Of the old
limits Of Alexandria, and on one Of the
lofty hills in the environs OF the Capt.
tai. win stand against the skyline
southwest. Of Washington. On clear
dsys y can be seen from this city.
Tho memorial was a big conception,
= -. ~ 81 = 49, f. -
Evening star., 1923-10-05
CAPITALf KEYNOTES
BY PAUL. y. COLLINS

undeveloped land.
/ The bill as passed in the Sixty
seventh Congress (but not over the
| of adjustment, one of which might
be chosen by the beneficiary:
/ /. Adjusted pay at the rate OF III
day for home service or SIPS for for
home and 1925 for foreign service.
IA paid-up twenty-year endoT-
ment policy, s.SS times the amount OF
No. l.
day while taking a course ir'training
mot exceeding 140 per cent of No: ].
I. Farm or home aid, not exceeding
140 per cent of No. 1.
. The finance committee estimated
! that. the total cost of the bill-spread
over twenty years-would be S4'356'-
33S.615. -
The argument against the bonus
! has been led by the United States
Chamber of Commerce, except that it
| favored land reclamation.
| The chamber presents the argument
that men who were not wounded or
made sick by service were amply
paid. in comparison with civilians
! who had to meet the increased cost OF
/ living. 1t claims that even the pri-
vate, receiving $40 a month, with
board and uniform, got the equivalent
of $3.26 a day. or $1,000 a year
which was equal to the high wages
paid civilians who had to meet
| III. c.. L." THE average wage in
| factories for. 1918" the chamber
was 81, ,147;, in mining 1t was s1,2S2.
| To the cost of maintaining the SOL
dier the government added allowances
| for dependents amounting TO SZss.-
I (paid by the soldier out Of his $500.
and protected his property. against
a large part of any army is not
tive far behind the lines. and In no
greater danger than mapy civilians
engaged in the. rnanufactuve OF arti-
cles for war use"
| the chamber. "the purchasing power
of their compensation in 1913 was
| only IS per cent of the purchasing
power of 1918. and it was. 30 per cent
| less than in 1917. Also, the size OF
Civilians cr income" "Tne argument as
+ to basing soldiers compensation
upon civilian wages is illusorys" adds
| the chamber.
saThis government paid the highest
average soldier wage in the history
of the world" argues the chamber,
"and gave more additional benefits
and allowances than any nation had
hitherto ever given its soldiers, and
| the total of this compensation and
benefit exceeded the compensation
and benefit received by civilians In
| many walks of life."
"The argument tfavoring the ad-
justed compensatory Is put forward
| says the chamber, 'only to bolster up
the demand for a $4,000, 600 900 bonus
from the national Treasury dan
| gerous precedent,
copyright, 1929. by P. v. coIliusl'
Evening star., 1923-10-05
Toll on the Key Bridge.

{. Cars Of the Capital Traction Com,
pany win be operating on the Key
bridge about December /. The open.
ing Of this bridge to the extent Of its
usefulness has been looked forward to
by thousands of persons for years. At
about the time the Capital Traction
extension is opened the Washington
and Old Dominion railway will discon-.
tinue the use Of the Aqueduct bridge
and its terminal in Georgetown. The.
change will mark an epoch in tran.
sit Facilities between Washington and
a large and fast.growing section Of
Virginia. : 'z'z--ss
Public congratulations will be In
order because OF the full opening of
the new bridge, but there is one item
in the account that Is not pleasant.
The Aqueduct bridge was once what:
Its name declares. II was an "aque-
duct" or canal.way across the river,
being part ofsa canal leading from the.
Chesapeake and Ohio canal at George.
town to the Potomac at Alexandra.
Later the piers Of the aqueduct were,
used for . bridge for general trafic.
1t. was owned by company. and tolls
were CHARGED for crossing. st. Oppoei.
ton 10 the telf bridge became exceed