davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08

Sugar-lrregular. Louisiana sugar mill I2 hour shifts. Texas factory | I\ three shifts return to two. Amer
 ican Sugar Refinery Co. three
 shifts. Beet sugar plants generally I2-hour shifts.
 Salt-Formerly I2-hour shift univer- sal Michigan-salt plants now three
 shifts. Petroleum three shifts Cottonseed crushing-Presents one of largest I2-hour shift problems III Heavy Equipment Industries. Paper-Largely continuous operation, three shifts prevail. Flour-Practically all large flour mills on three shift basis. Rubber-Three shift system accepted
 custom. Cereal foods-Three shifts predomi- nate
 Automobile plants-N ormally, one or
 two shifts of eight hours each. One
 large company huctuates between
 two and three shifts of eight hours. Textiles-Three shifts prevail in the
 North, two in the South. Mines-Normally eight hours for
 gineers, pumpmen and hremen.
 W Service Industries. Power-Overlapping shifts varying in
 length with activity Electric
 plants generally eight hour shifts. Gas-Twelve hour shift now rare. Water supply-Generally eight hours. Ice-Much I2 hour work; eight hour
 shifts growing. Shipping-Not standardized. Railroads-Irreg gular for those in op-
 erating service, varying with
 freight or passenger service. Shop
 men generally eight hour shifts. Street railways-Workday ranges,
 from to IIH hours, with 9 hours
 as average. Telegraph and telephone-Generally
 short shifts Mails-Inside clerks generally eight
 hour shifts. Deliveries vary in work
 period.
 Express-Generally eight hours. Police-Generally two platoons sys-
 ten1-I2 hour shift. Firemen-Generally two platoons sys-
 tem-I2 hour shift. Watchmen-Twelve hours prevail.
 Miscellaneous Service. Hotels-Day forces usually 10 hours. Hospita1s-No special study. Stores-Considera I2 hour work. ges-Considerable I2 hour work. Relivery men-Chauffeurs. No sur
 vey.
 Restaur urants-Hours usually short Special retail stores-Little standard izatlon.t
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08
STUDY OF CONTINUOUS WORK INDUSTRIES SHOWS HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF MEN
 TOLL IN TEN AND TWELVE-HOUR SHIFTS
By International Labor News Service.

By International Labor News Service Washington, D. C., Sept. Al though the situation was such that at tention was focused on the steel i'll dustry in the report on the I2 hour shift in industry by the committed on work periods of the Federated American Engineering Societies tha study reports there are upwards of 4t continuous industries operating upor a shift system. These industries em iploy between 5oo,ooo and 100000 workers on shift-work. They, witt their families, make I,5oo,ooo to 5000, GOO persons dependent upon earnings from shift-work
 About 3oo,ooo wage-earners work on I2-hour shifts and 1t Is estimated I 100000 are affected by the long sniff system.
 Findings of the Federated Ameri can Engineering Societies are here condensed and summarized for Inter national Labor News Service The report classihes the following as con tinuous industries:
 Heat-Process Industries. Iron and steel-Most important lin
 dustry maintaining I2-hour day. Non-ferrous metals - Three shifts
 prevail.
 Glass-Until recently 12-hour sys-
 tenn prevailed, now ranges from
 eight to 10, occasionally I2 hours. Cement-Two shift system predomi-
 notes, however, two largest com
 panies in three shifts
 Lifme-About I5%6 on shift work
 two shifts uniform custom Brick and Ti1e-About 1oRo on shift
 work, mostly two shift system. Pottery, china and finer clay prod
 ucts-Employes in continuous pro-
 cess relatively small, usually 3%;
 two shift system prevails.
 II Chemical Industries. Heavy hemicals-M Mostly three shifts. Fertilizers-Acid plant employees all
 most universally SI2-hour shifts Explosives = Continuous process
 workers generally three shifts. Dyes-Continuous process workers
 generally three shifts.
 Industrial alcohol-Continuou pro-
 cess workers generally three shifts Wood disti1lation-Con pro-
 cess workers generally three shifts. Refined corn products-No survey
 leading company on three shifts. Soap-Small number comply as on
 continuous rocess-often I2-hour
 shifts tz Glue-No survey.
 Drugs-Generally three shifts-con-
 tinuous work
 Electro-chemica1 ndustries-Niagar:
 Falls plants in three shifts
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08
 ORGANIZE TO FIGHT
 PRISON LABOR

By International Labor News Service Chicago, Sept. Will H. Boyer of Chicago, president of the Broom Makers Union, has called broom manufacturers conference for Sep tenber in Chicago to join the hgh against the contract convict labor system that is threatening to drive free broom manufacturers out of bus mess
 Similar conferences are taking place in other industries to devise methods of eliminating the unfair competition of prison contractors. IT all of these there is recognition o1 the right of prisoners to be gainfu11y employed if employed by the state Instead, therefor, of demanding ab- solute restrictions against all prison made goods the conferences are work ing out allocations of industries to different prisons and to different groups of institutions At the prison industries conference held in Wash ington recently the representatives from I5 state governments passed 3 resolution suggesting that the manu- facture of hrooms in government in stitutions be limited to blind institu- tions, prison institutions to discon- tinue the manufacture of brooms as rapidly as convenient.
 Allocations of prison industries is proceeding largely on the basis of the ability of the states-use market to consume the product and the ability of free industry to absorb the work men trained in these industries.
 The International Association of Garment Manufacturers has an- nounced the formation of an emer- gency drive committee to combat the unfair competition of prison labor contractors in the garment industry. The committee consists of H. B. Bob, of Bob & Baslxind, New York, chair man; w. V. Eaton, of Rice-Stix, St. Louis; A. T. Davenport, of Sweet Orr & Go, Inc, New York These are all employers of union labor. They put their case against contract convict labor iR fewer words than it has been stated before, as follows:
 State prisoners should not be em- ployed for private profit
 The present convict labor system is relic of the past-and it must go.
 Prison-made garments compete un- fairly with the products of free labor, such as:
 Aprons, house dresses, athletic un- derwear, children's rompers and play suits, overalls, pants, wofkshirts.
 Put the prisons on business basis.
 Increae production by paying a fair wage to prisoners, and thereby enable the prisoner to pay his keep and support his family.
 Make the prisons and the prisoner
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08
|BRITAIN'S WORKLESS
 ALARM BIG BUSINESS

l London, Eng, Sept. Big busi- ness IS becoming alarmed over the prospect of another unemployed win jter and labor's demand for con struetive program is receiving sup port from unexpected quarters. The business men are so earnest in their demand for unemployed relief that they are claiming credit for the unemployment proposals first urged by labor. This new attitude by big
 business is explained by John L.. Clynes, well-known trade unionist and
 member of parliament:
 When the percentage of unem- ployment was low, the margin was an accommodation to many employ |ers, but the number has swollen into an unbearable load, under which in jured industry and over-bufdened taxpayers and rate-payers alike stag ger in search of remedy"
 Work, and not unemployment doles, is labor's solution of the un- employed problem, said Mr. Clynes. Capital and efficiency can be got out of wages and work Nothing can be got out of relief doles," he said
 The trade unionist said he did not agree with the spokesman for big business that certain work gives employment which is not of skilled character and provides only for men accustomed to hard manual labor.
 All work" declared MT, Clynes, "enlists some skilled service. To build a bridge or construct a sewer calls for the work of the iron molder, steel sme1ter, engineer and transport work Ter, as well as the service of clerks, surveyors and architects"
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08
UNFAIR JUDICIARY
 EXPOSED IN CHICAGO

1 Chicago, Sept 7-Organized labor
 in this city is conducting a vigorous
 campaign against injunction judges. i The proverbial Hast straw" was Fed
 eral Judge Carpenters order that nom l union employees of the Mitchell
 Brothers Company could not be ask ed to affiliate with the Ladies Gar
 ment Workers Union. Before these Inon-union employees could secure work at this plant they had to sign a contract that they will not join the
 union while so employed. This 'yel- low dog," secured through the neces- sities of workers, is protected by Judge Carpenters injunction.
 At trade union conference in this city, which was addressed by Presi- dent Gompers, the A. F. of L. official was asked to appoint committee of IS to map out a resistance program He appointed as chairman of this committee John Fitzpatrick, president of the Chicago Federation of Labor. Seldom have trade unionists talked as plain as they did at this meeting
 The judiciary was scored because of it's injunction policy, and the yellow dog" contract was declared contempt ible by President Gompers, President
 Fitzpatrick, and John H. Walker and
 Victor A. Olander, president and sec
 retary, respectively, of the Illinois
 State Federation of Labor.
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08
Panama Canal Pays

New York, Sept. 7-The Panama canal is making profit of $5oo,ooo a month for the government, according to Col. Jay J. Morrow, governor or the canal zone, who has arrived in this city.
 "The canal is now paying more than 3 per cent. on the investment" said the governor Ut costs about 5000, 1000 month to operate the waterway that divides North andA South America. During the first Is days of August more than ST ,ooo ,ooo in tolls was re- ceived
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-09-08
WEBSTER GONE | TO CONVENTION

Fred. C. Webster, delegate to the N. H. Trades Council from the. Pol ishers' union, has been elected as delegate and gone to the annual con vention of the international union being held in Cincinnati.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
The Old Mechanic Says:

"Pickin' up ideas from other lines
of business Is about the best thing
do. Nowadays if you don't mingle
and get the other fellows viewpoint
you go stale and your business suf-
fers. II may seem Il little strange.
but | actually gathered real idea
from visit to old Doc Smith, our
family standby in trouble.
Had a funny feelin' in my left
arm. I've had il before. but never
quite so bad. Finally decided to pay
visit to the Doc. because / got so
| couldn't do any work with it and
the pain kept gettin' worse. To make
looked at cut in my finger and de-
cided | had a good start on a case
of blood poisonin'
For half an hour he got pretty
busy on me. I'll tell you But then,
after he seemed satisfied he had a
mold on the situation, he said: Well,
you're fine piece Of work. YOU are.
hen you've got a pain or an ache,
maybe. its a warning Of something
serious That's the time to see a
doctor"
II hadn't been back in the shop
ten minutes when in came chap
with his engine knociin' like trip
hammer. Right away he started tell
IN me about the strange way his
oil gauge had been acting, and right
away | started thinltin' about what
old Doc Smith had said when l told
hlm how the pain i'm my arm had
bothered me.
AS Doc Smith told me, a mechanic
or a doctor is mighty useful when
you're In trouble. but he's a hundred
per cent more useful if you look him
up when there's a chance for him to
mp the trouble in the bud"
Evening star., 1923-06-10
The ioudest horn doesn't always
proclaim the best car. The same ap-
plies to people.
Etiquette for Autoists.

Where is the publishing house en-
terprising enough to put on the mar
ket a book of etiquette for autoists?
The country is getting brushed up on
table manners, drawing-room habits
and the knack of avoiding faux pas.
but in motordom cave man and wom-
an IDEAS still prevail.
When you get right down to essen
tiaIs il doesn't do any harm II dad
tucks his napkin in his vest or if the
hostess parks the gravy boat too far
north of the cheese dish, but 1t makes
quite difference just where you park
q car and how you do IL. A little
etiquette-even the most boring kind
would be great aid in the work of
cutting down the number of accidents.
collisions. arrests and repair bills.
The man who jumps into an elevator
before lady doesn't hurt anything
but his reputation. But when he plays
this trick on the street. and at the
wheel of a car, there is no telling
what will happen. A faux pas in
motoring is almost invariably the
basis of trouble.
1t isn't merely question of slip
ping down the social ladder: the au-
1oist who forgets etiquette gradually
slips into a rut that leads. straight as
an arrow. to revocation of his license.
\ social blunder is sociable blunder
compared with the slips" automo-
bilists are indulgins in daily. Let
there he etiquette one might say,
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Did You Know

That. in an emergency, brakes can
he adjusted by lergthenins the pedal? -?
This gives a longer throw OF the
brake MEDAL. more leverage action to
the brake assembly, and thus better
grip on the bands. Sometimes the
driver will not have the necessary
tools for proper adjustment Of the
brakes. nor the time TO do the job
properly; while lengthening the posi-
zion of the foot pedal may be but q
matter of a few minutes. A large
number of cars are equipped with a
threaded rod on which the foot rest
~ the pedal can be adjusted for diff
fercnt positions, and secured in any
desired position by means Of locking
nut. In some makes the adjustment
OF the pedal is by means of a turn
buckle directly under the front floor
boards.
That a constant reading of dis
charge" on the ammeter when the igni-
tion and lights are "off" indicates that
the points of the generator 'cutout'
are stucko 1t means that current is
flowing back to the generator from
the battery. Remove the cover of the
''cutout" and release the points II
the trouble occurs again have the
points cleaned and the device care
fully adjusted
Evening star., 1923-06-10
CAREFUL DRIVING HELPS
CARS RESALE VALUE
Even Minor Dents Cut Dollars
From Amount to Be
RealiZed

What is regarded as an entirely new
step in safety first" campaign work
is the plan OF Capt. Harry NJ. Horton.
local automobile dealer. who in dis
cussing the dollars and cents angle
to the question recently pointed out
the effect of careful driving on the
resale value of cars.
Viewed from this new angle" Capt.
Horton claims, "the subject ought to
have "A new significance for car own
ers. When you talk In vague terms
about safety in motoring the average
motorist thinks YOU are referring to
the other fellow Touch on some
thing that concerns his pocketbook,
however, and you have his attention
and cooperation.
Every dented fender is evidence Of
carelessness on the part of the owner:
and this occasions the dealer or the
prospect to bid low on any such car
offered to them. The inference is that
if the driver has been q hazardous
operator he doubtless displayed the
same sort of carelessness in owning
resale value of the car. thus showing
the car owner new reason why he
should avoid accidents.
"A car that has figured in an acci-
dent-particularly where fatality
is involved-ts hoodooed to an extent
that the owner may have difficulty
disposing of 1t at fair price even
if the accident has done no material
damage to II. There have been cases
where the demand for a model has
siumped because of some horrible
scene in which such A car has played
conspicuous part and which the
local public cannot easily forget This
hurts The car owner eventually. be-
cause he takes loss on the car in
any event, and the additional cutting
OF the resale value makes the situa-
tion just that much more serious.
The advantage OF keeping this
angle of the question in mind in that
by avoiding the minor accidents
which help cut the resale value, IL is
safe to predict that the average car
owner would automatically avoid the
major accidents which ordinarily fol-
low as a natural consequence"
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Parking Pointers.

1t is sometimes well to consider the
other fellow. In parking a car there
are many annoyances one has to con-
tend with merely because of some an
noying habits Of other motorists. A
good way to break these habits and
simplify parking is to start the re-
form with yourself. In this case it is
suggested that when a driver is sit
ting in the car, waiting for passen-
gers to return to the car. he should
not remain in the drivers seat. 1t
gives other motorists the idea that
he Is about to pull away from the
curb, thereby occasioning heSitations
and delays in traffic. When there is
no one at the wheel the motorist ap-
preaching from behind does not slow
down and wait in anticipation that
the other driver will move on.
1t pays to park cars as close to the
curb as possible. Careless drivers are
almost certain to infiict some damage
on cars, parked to the front and to
the rear, which are left too far away
from the curb.
Evening star., 1923-06-10

on a Ford is the only case where
lighting Is accomplished without a
generator-battery combination.
The reason Is that since the ordi-
nary magnetic generates an alter
mating current and is timed to re-
volve at one-half engine speed, a
current OF only twenty cycles is gen.
Grated at an engine speed of 1,200
r.. r. Nj. This would light a lamp,
but would cause 1t 10 flicker very
badly. For ordinary lighting sixty
cycles per second are necessary to
produce clear, steadS light. The
Ford magnetic is built into the fiy-
wheel, with coils enough to produce
sixteen cycles per revolution. With
the engine shaft turning twenty rev.
olutions per second. an alternating
cGrrent of $50 cycles per second Is
generated.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Two Traffic Tricks,

The glass window light in the back
curtain OF the car ahead can be very
useful. Through it a lot of dangers
can be seen in advance. much TO the
advantage Of the man who is in the
wake Where cars are running
abreast of each other. so that the
road cannot be seen by looking
around the car ahead, it is best TO
drive just far enough in back of the
other car to look through its win
dow light and Windshield at the
street ahead. When a quick sOp is
necessary, the stopping of the car
ahead will not be unexpected-nor
so dangerous.
In close congestion, where cars are
moving very slowly and only few
feet at time. the stop signal can
be saved a lot of unnecessary fash
ing and the battery current saved if
the driver would use hiA emergency
brake
Evening star., 1923-06-10
ROAD URGES CAUTION.
Pennsylvania to Conduct Crossings
Campaign.

The Pennsylvania railroad system,
together with other railroads of the
country, will conduct another Care
full Crossing Campaign" this year
similar to that of last summer. This
years campaign will cover the
months of June. July August and
September.
The object of the campaign is TO
bring to the attention OF the Amer
lean people the necessity for exer-
cising the greatest possible care TO
avoid being struck and killed or in
jured by trains while travelling over
highway crossings, and to impress
upon locomotive enginemen, fremen
conductors. brakemen. track forenien
Evening star., 1923-06-10
But Do Not Try It.

Few drivers know that gears can
be shifted without using the clutch,
This will doubtless seem like fancy
to the majority of those who drive.
because, even with clutch. plenty Of
patience and years of practice, gear
shifting is still in it's infancy. Rather
noisy. at that The whole thing is
a matter of having the engine speed
at the correct speed for the gear
change. The clutch simplifies matters
and helps prevent the possibility of
wreCking the transmission If the
driver tries to shift at the wrong
time
Evening star., 1923-06-10
/ Abridged Magazine for Car Owner

intervals. In regard to starting the
engine this is handy thing to know,
because the starter takes the best
the battery has to offer. Thus, liz the
engine does not start in a few turns
stop for about half minute and
then step on the starter button again.
The battery recuperates enough in
so short time as to be able to de-
liver a much stronger current for
the next few turns of the engine.
This snappy cranking is what counts
in starting.
Evening star., 1923-06-10

crossing watclinen and all other en-
pIoyes the necessity for doing every
thing within their power to prevent
such accidents.
Thousands of posters illustrating
a grade crossing accident have been
distributed for posting along the
Pennsylvania railroad system. 4
million stickers with the same illus
tration will be rasted on correspond
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Here's an Idea.

A miniature mirror attached to the
rim of a headlight and bent over so
as to catch some of the rays from the
light proved to be car owners novel
stunt for lighting his motometer at
night The small mirror reflected the
light just where it was needed, thus
saving a lot of wiring and the neces-
Hity of burning another light. The
light il took from the headlight was
negligible. Rather economical and
ingenious WHAT
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Look at Him Well.

When you meet the motorist who
swears his car is the worst in the
world, admits he gets only eight miles
to the gallon Of gas. agrees that the
traffic cop was right and confesses
that he stopped at every other repair
shop in his trip look at him carefully.
You may never see one like him
again.
Copyright, 1923
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Old Bach Wants Surety,

From the New York Sun.
He says he will only marry girl
who can swim
What's his idea >"
He wants a wife who can keep her
mouth shut sometimes"
Evening star., 1923-06-10

ence sent out from railroad offices
Lantern slides calling attention to
the objects of the campaign will be
furnished to motion picture houses.
Automobile windshield stickers Will
also be distributed.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Here's the Answer.

The question is often asked as to
why the ordinary magiato system
on ears is not used for lighting pur-
poses as well. and why the magnetic
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Regarded Him Valuable.

From the Kansas City star.
80 you are applying for the position
as butler? Was any one in the hall
when you came through?
Yes. sir. There was a constable
there, but I threw him out"
You're engaged"
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Ode to Speeders

Ashes to ashes. dust to dust.
IF the cops don't get you. hospitals
must.
Evening star., 1923-06-10

American canning art Will be
demonstrated in France by two Iowa
girls
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Rest the Battery.

A battery is capable of greater dis
charge if il is permitted to rest at
Evening star., 1923-09-19
The Guide Post
By Henry van Dyke
Aim of Our Life Work.

What profit hath he that worketh
in that wherein he laboreth?-Ecc.
3:9.
am quite sure that great deal
of the confusion and perplexity of
youth, and a great deal of the rest
lessness and fickleness which older
people often criticize so severely and
so unjustly, come from the attempt to
choose an occupation in life before
the greater question of the real object
of our life work has been fairly faced
and settled
What are you going to do when
you grow up?"
This is the favorite conundrum
which the kind aunts and uncles put
to the boys when they come home
from school.
And of late they are beginning to
put it to the girls also. since it has
been reluctantly admitted that a girl
may rightly have something to say
about what she would like to do in
the world
But how is it possible to make any,
thing more than a blind guess at the
answer unless the boy or the girl
has some idea OF the end which Is to
be worked for.
To choose a trade. a business. a
profession, without knowing what
kind of a result you want to get out
of your labor is TO set sail in the
dark
1t is to have a course. but no
haven; an employment, but no Yoca-
tion.-
I would ask a boy or a girl first.
What are you going to work for?
Then, What kind of work do you
think will accomplish your purpose?
Copyright, 1921