davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

The doctor says take tonic after
'Flu." We say Syrup of Tar with Coo
Liver Oil extract is what he means
"Pettyjohn's."
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

Petty's Fresh Bread at seven Genus
per loaf; bread one day old at SIX
cents per loaf.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09
EGGS WANTED

Bring your eggs to us. Hlghest
cash prices paid. American stores CO.
m26-tf
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

Petty's Homade Bread, the kind
everyone likes.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

Fresh bread at all times at Petty's
Bakery.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09
PUBLIC SALE

Owing to illness 1 am compelled to dis
continue farming and will sell my per-
sOnal property at my home at Williams
vile, near Houston, on
Tuesday, March 13, 1928,
commencing promptly at one o'clock P.
NJ, as follows:
BAY HORSE. PAIR BLACK MULES
2 FRESH COWS
Farm wagon, good as new. Dearborn,
Mitch Webb make and good as new. Car
riage in good order. Two riding cultiva-
tors. Moline riding plow. 6O-tooth drag
harrow. Tomato rack in good order.
GrindstOne. Scoop shovel, a good one.
Two hand corn planters. Two pruning
clippers. Lawn mower. Wagon harness,
two sets. Brides, collars, etc.
TERMS made known on day of sale.
GEO. s. ELLIOTT.
j. L. Stevens, auctioneer.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

FOR SALE-Strawberry plants. Lup-
ton Late, Kellogg Premier, DR.. Burrell or
Missionary and many other well known
varieties at reasonable prices. Also Cali
fornia Privet hedge plants at $500 per
1000. Second crop seed cobbler potatoes
for sale. Cash with order. George Will
ley, Greenwood, Delaware. R. r. No. 1.
Box No. 80. 1tp
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

at one o'clock pl M, at the Columbia
House, in the town of Bridgeville, county
of Sussex and State of Delaware. the fol
lowing described real estate, to-wit:
All that certalIl tract, piece and parcel
OF land, situate, Lying and being in Nam
tlcoke Hundred, Sussex County, Della
ware, trontlnS ON the West side of the
public road leading from Bridgeville by
way of the New Bridge to Smiths Store
adjoining lands OF DIR. John r. Sudler,
Simeon ;. Pennfwell, Julia A. Bennett,
Emma DIMES anP others, containing
SEVENTY-TWo (72) ACRES
more or less, together with all the inn
prOvements thereon.
TERMS: 20 pei cent of the purcha Sc
money VIII be demanded on the day of
sale. The purchaser will be required to
pay the cost of the deed.
Seized and taken in execution as the
property of Ira q. Bennett and Nellie e.
Bennett, his wifei and terre-tenants, and
will be sold by
JAMES H. PHILLIPS, Sheriff.
Sheriff's Office, Georgetown, Delaware,
March 1st, 1928. m9-2t
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09
FOUND

FOUND-Gold wrist watch on T,oRSe
Vie wavenue, Sunday evening, with ioiit-
ia1s on back. Owener may have samt nv
inquiring at this office. III
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09
PUBLIC SALE
OF VALUABLE
PERSONAL PROPERTY

Inc undersigned will sell by wav NJ
PuDIlc auction, at his residence on the
Rome Place of Hiram j. Isaacs 6acaoeo
eq' on the road leading from ColSesbI11,1
NJ e. Church to Redden, on
Monday, March IL, 1928,
and if this day should be stormy, sale
VIII De held Wednesday, March 14fh
at II o'clock A NJ, Sharp, the foIlowine.
personal property:
ONE PAIR OF BLACK MULES will
Welgh about II hundred pounds. One pair
work anywhere. "---
Two. cows giving milk, one brood sow
and pigs, one shOat
LOT OF FARMING IMPLEMENTS
one 2-horse wagon, nearly new, built
Dy Hitch, Pennington; one 2-horse dear
born, one Deering Keeper, z foot chi. GOOD
as new; one John Deere riding pIoW. NO
II; one wheel cultivator, one sod cutter
one Acme harrow, one A drag. LOT OF
ploWs, huke harroWS, cultiVators, hoes
rakes, forks, shoVels, 4 suits of wagon
harness., and lots of other harness, col
lars brides, l grindstone, 2 iron pots, 1
sausage grinder and suffer combined
saws tools, lot of old iron, etc. 2 barrels
apple vinegar and lot of white potatoes
LOT OF DRY FEED:
200 Bushels of corn, 30 bushels of gray
crowder peas, 20 bushels of Wilson'S Soy
Beans, 20 bushels of buckwheat. 4 stacks
stack of English clover, 1 stack Of pea
hay Lot of HOUSEHOLD GOODS and
kitchen furniture.
TERMS made known on day Of sale
JOHN EMORY ISAACS
Jester q Simpler, auctioneers. 1t
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09
Tuesday, March 13, 1928,
PUBLIC SALE

will offer at public sale at my resi-
dence located just Off the du Pont boul-
evard, and Ia mile west of Milford, near
farms of Joe Rogers and Jacob Rosa, on
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

FOR sALE-Day old S. c. R. I. Red
baby chicks. Seventeen cents each dur
ing February, March, April and May. Also
custom Matching three cents an egg, have
four 4OO-egg incubators. Can set sixteen
hundred eggs at one time. Anybody desir,
ing chicks or eggs to be set please send
in orders at once. Mrs; S. M, Reynolds
Milton, Del, Box 217. Phone 31R12.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09
LOST
SHERIF FF'S SALE

BY virtue of d. writ of Levari Facias
to me directed tyin be exposed to public
sale, on
Saturday, March 24. 1929.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

FOR SALES room house in good con-
dition and lot with rear driveway, 404
by, 2528 So. 61st st., West Philadelphia,
Pa. j19-tf
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

LOST Small
stone on Marcel
or at cemetery.
icle Office.
Milford chronicle., 1923-03-09

FOR SALE-Strawberry plants, Kel-
loggs Premier, S400 per 1000. Luptons
per 1000. W. Harry Truitt, Millsboro. Del.
f2-8t
Evening star., 1923-06-30
SEVERE bRAK|NG
CAUSES CAR WEAR
Tests Show Tires, Wheels,
Spokes, Gears and Joints
Affected.

Tires. wheels. spokes. differential
gears and universal joints; these are
the parts of an automobile which suf-
fer most from sudden and severe
brake applications, according to tests
just completed by Johns -Manville,
Inc. under the direction of j. W.
Perry. general manager of the auto
motive department
These tests, announced Mr.. Perry.
revealed why it is possible for a car
to skid on a perfectly dry pavement.
1t was found that locked wheels slide
along asphalt on a film of soft rub
Der, melted from the tread of the tire
by frictional heat. In such cases, il
was found, the car will travel farther
before stopping than when the brakes
are SO adjusted and applied by the
operator that they cannot lock the
wheels
I'm the interest of greater safety"
said Mr. Perry, car owners should
see to 1t that their brakes are moro
than once month. or. better, every
500 miles. A simple road test, more
over, can be made by determining
within what distances a car can be
5lOppSu dL NdElOuS SpCSuS. w n6it
this has been determined, with any
particular car, a liberal margin OF
safety should be added for actual con-
ditions of service.
"It should be remembered that the
ability to stop a car Is greatly in
fluenced by the condition of the road
surface. When roads are very wet.
as in heavy rainstorms, there is less
tendency for a car to skid than when
the roads are partially dried or in
what is known a greasy state
Should a car start to skid when ap-
plying the brakes. 1t is usually due
to the wheels locking.
"a dangerous skidding can usually
be quickly stopped If a driver has
presence of mind to release the
brakes and apply them a second time
with less force. This gives the
wheels a chance to again grip the
road. IL the road Is very slippery, as
on an icy road with light snow Oh
the surface, best results are obtained
by slowing the car carefully with the
engine and helping with the brake.
Lightly loaded cars. as with the driver
only, are more difficult to stop than
loaded ones
with these points in mind driver
can quickly learn the tricks but
above all, do not have too much con-
fidence in your ability, as IT is better
to be safe than sorry"
Evening star., 1923-06-30
URGE ROAD NAME
FOR ENTIRE ROUTE
Pennsylvania Citizens Would
Use Same Designation for
One Highway.

That an intensive campaign be in
augurated to make each state high
way In the keystone state known by
name for the entire length OF the
route is one Of the recommenda tions
the citizens committee on finances
appointed by the governor to recon-
mend a fiscal policy for the new state
highway department. The committee
recommends also that separate names,
instead Of numbers be adopted for
highway sections between centers of
population symbolic of the communi-
ties through which the highways pass
A more extensive application of in
formation and direction signs and
traffic control markers to the state
roads Is also recommended.
In reference to engineering and con-
struction policy the committee recon-
mends that the department "discon-
tinue the policy Of calling for bids ex-
clusively on cement concrete pave
ment to such an extent as has been
the practice where other comparable
standard high types would flt
the situation equally as we'll"
In cases where detours will result
in great hardship to the travelling
public" says the report, "the pave
n1ents should be constructed for half
the width at time where practicable
and the traffic allowed to use the
other half of the roadway.
"A more rigid policy should be
adopted with respect to oiling only
half sections of a road at a time
This work should be done in such q
manner that one side Of the road will
always be sufficiently dry SO that II
will not damage the paint on vehicles
travelling at a normal rate Of speed
Nothing has been done to allay the
dust on the several thousand miles OF
earth roads. The more important OF
these roads should be oiled"
The report was drafted for the
citizens' committee by William H
eiphia cf o, the Who has
been appointed chief deputy state
highway commissioner by Gov. Pin.
chot and the recommendations made
have been approved and adopted by
the administration.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET.

CHICAGO, June 80 Omitted States
Department OF Agriculture,.-Catt
Receipts, 1000 head; market for
week most killing classes unevenly.
25 to 100 lower; lower grades
yearlings showing maximum decline:
many grass fat cows 90 to rs off: :
least decline reflected by strictly
largely 25 higher: veal calves. %
to SO up; stockers and feeders. 25
to 80 lower; spots more on plain
lightstockers; extreme top matured
steers, 11.40: part load long yearlings.
11.00; few youngsters above 1880;
weeks bulk prices follow: Beef steers
and yearlings, 8.90a10.25: stockers and
heifers, 5.25a8.25; Gamers and cutters.
2.25a350; veal calves. 9.00a9.75.
sheep-Receipts. 1000 head; practi-
cally all direct; market for week: Di-
rectly around 40; compared week
ago good and choice lambs. 25 to so
higher; lower grades and culls steady:
sheep steady; closing top native
lambs, 1915; bulk desirable killers.
Is. .soa15.5o; culls, s.5oas.oo; bulk
ly 5.00a6.bo: top, 700; extreme
Hogs-Receipts. 5000 head; fairly
active; better kind, 10 to Is higher:
others strong to 10 higher; bulk
good and choice. 160 to 500 pound
averages. 7.o5a7.25; top. 7.2b; pack
ing .sows mostly around 8.25; strong
8.85a715; medium. s.75a7.26; light,
s.66a7.20: light light, 6.6oa7.10, pack
ing sows, smooth, 6.80as.<0: packing
sows. rough, 5.e0a6.10; killing pigs,
6.00a6.76. -.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Road Cuts Routes
By Twenty Miles
To Atlantic City

Completion of the road between
Mays Landing and Buena on the
short route from Washington, Balti-
more and Wilmington to Atlantic
City by way of Pennsgrove has per-
manently opened that highway to
travel. according to information re-
ceived at American Automobile As
ISOLATION headquarters.
This will be welcome news to many
people as there is now a splendid
road all the way from Pennsgrove,
two thirds of which is asphalt and
concrete and the other third a high
type Of gravel road.
Completion of this route shortens
the distance between Washington and
Atlantic City by twenty miles. be-
sides enabling the motorist to avoid
the heavy trafio of Philadelphia.
Hourly ferry service Is maintained
between Wilmington and Pennsgrove
with extra service on Saturdays,
Sundays and holidays.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
BANK CLEAR|NGS
VERY NEAR PEAK
Monthly Report Shows Total
of S1O1,208 8,121-S60,O 900
Hotel Bond Payment.

The healthy state of washington.s
businesses is reflected in bank clear
ings for the month made public this
morning by Charles Z. Bright, man
ager of the local clearing house
association. During the period checks
totaling $101. .20S,121.63 passed through
the banks of the city which sum is
only slightly less than the peak
reached in May. 1923, when checks
totaling $101.408.0SS.11 were cleared
Clearings in June of last yea
amounted to s89.314.30f.37.
This sum is held highly encourag
ing by bankers and merchants. doubly
so on account of the short month in
which IL was accumulated.
Fewer Failures Recorded.
A further reduction occurred in the
number of failures in the United
States this week, total of 292 being
reported to r. q. Dun & Co. This
compares with 500 defaults las
week, there being a decrease of -
failures In the east. 13 in the south
and in the west. The Pacific coasl
however, shows an increase of 13 de
faults. year ago, aggregate for
all sections was 364. or 72 failures III
excess of the number reported for the
present week.
Coincident with the decline in the
total of defaults, those for $4,000 or
more of liabilities in each case also
decreased, numbering LAG. This y
equivalent to so per cent OF the az
gregate number, as compared with y
ratio of SOL per cent last week. When
there were 1s9 such failures, and
-
when 202 defaults involved an in
Indebtedness of $4,000 or more III
each instance.
Numbering sixty-six, Canadian de
faults this week show an fncrease
over last weeks total of flfty-four
but are below the seventy-five fatt
ures of year ago.
$4,000 Bond Payment.
The first curtailment of the New
Hamilton Hotel issue, amounting u
100000, will be paid on Monda!
July /.
This issue was f1cated about a yea
ago by the F. Fl. Smith Company anf
consisted of $1.200,000 of per cen.
first mortgage bonds, secured by the
Hamilton Hotel building, land, furnl-
ture and equipment.
Bank Votes S5 Dividend.
Directors Of the Seventh Street
dend of IS per share, payable or
July 2, to stockholders of record
June 2S
This melon" places the stock OF
the institution on a definite basis o.
10 per cent annually. The bank IS
differed by Somerset r. Waters.
president; August H. Plugge ana
Harry Kaufman, vice presidents, and
John D. Howard, cashier.
Brokers' Loans Decline.
The decline on the New YorK
Stock Exchange during the past few
weeks has caused further shrink :
age in the volume of Wall street
| brokers' loans. The total now Is
about s1,665.000, 900 in the opinion
Of Dow. Jones & Co.. as compared
with s1.700.000.000 on June 16 and
s2,000.000,000 on February II, when
the peak was reached.
The larger brokers report a re
duction of from Is to 20 per cent in
| their loan accounts in recent months.
The trend of money rates in Wall
street recently, in face of this loan
reduction, has occasioned some sur
prise. However, it may be said that
fluctuations in Wall street rates to
f1rmer levels in the past week are
| due mainly to preparation by the
banks for July l requirements. JULY
! is heavy interest and dividend
disbursing period.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
T0DAY'S COTTON PRICES.

NEW YORK, June 3O.-Cotton
futures opened steady; July, 27.7O;
October, 1853; December, 24.00; Janu-
airy. 23.70: March, 1855.
Spot cotton quiet. Futures closed
steady. July. 27.o4 to 2707; October.
24.57 to 24.61; December, 24.03 to
24.05; January. 1858; March, 23.65.
futures opened steady. July, 27.48;
October. 2402; December, 1852; Janu-
airy, 23.47; March, 1886.
Futures closed steady at net de-
cIines of 21 to 80 points. Close,
July, ,27.13a27.20; October. 23.S6a23.91: !:
December, 23.47a23.4S; January, 23.3S
a23.4O; March, 2S.21a23.25.
NEW ORLEANS. June 30.-Spot
cotton quiet; 25 points lower; sales on
the spot, 100; to arrive, none. Low
middling. 27.5O; middling. $3.50; good
middling. 1890. Receipts, 1897 bales;
stock, 70,040 bales.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
SLUMP NOT YET ENDED.
Baldwin Below 117-Absence of
Buying Support.
BY STUART T.. WEST.
BY STUART T..
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, June 30.-There was
no encouragement to be found In the
action of the market today that the
Selling was not as heavy as on other
days. but absence of support was
again painfully evident Traders did
some covering early In the day, but
when the market failed to respond
they began to offer prices down again.
and in the last hour the whole list
weakened.
Baldwin Locomotive broke through
1l7 for the first time. Studebaker was
not helped by the unexpected an
rouncement that so far from there
being any price cuts the company was
TO advance its schedules, effective
July /.
Railway Stocks Weak.
Railway stocks were weak again.
New Haven stock broke la new
low for the year-accompanying eX-
tremely heavy selling of New Haven
French loan Of 1925. Union Pacific
fell sharply and Norfolk and Western
was sold in the fear that the 20 per
cent wage increase demanded by the
miners would lead to another coal
strike.
How much credence is to be placed
in present-day circulative gossip ac-
Companying the stock exchange de-
cline was shown by an incident which
happened this morning. Only yester-
day the street had been listening
sympathetically to mysterious tele-
grams proclaiming an impending cut
in automobile prices. Today the
Studebaker president confirmed the
report that his company, beginning
July 1, would advance it's prices $50
to SIS a car.
German Marks Lower.
Railway stocks We're more sensi-
tive than the industrlals to such
selling as occurred. Weakness reap
peared at the same time in the
lower grade railway bonds. The
decline in sterling was checked but
German marks made a new low of
$4,000 to the dollar This followed
logically the latest German bank
statement covering the week end
ing June %. which once more broke
all records for paper note expansion.
The lowest prices of the day were
reached generally just before the end.
Studebaker dropped below 80 and
Steel common finally was forced
through. the 80 level The close was
weak all around with active selling
still in progress.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
A Big Industry.

THE person who buys o cents worth
OF peanuts does not perhaps realize
that his purchase is helping to build
up one of the largest farm products
In this country. now worth more than
s15.0oo,0o0 annually
The thin covering is very like
wheat bran and is excellent food for
live stock when mixed with other
substances. The shells are burned in
the factories as fuel and the ash Is
used for fertilizer. The vines make
fine forage.
Those peanuts that are not sold in
the market are ground up into but
ter and into meal, which is used in
the manufacture Of confections OF
various kinds. But oil is the most
highly priced by-product of the pea
nut, of which bushel will yield a
gallon.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Ideal Artesian Basin.

THIS term Is applied by an officer
of the photographic department
Of the United States geological sur
vey to the San Luis valley IN southern
California Its length, north anu
south, is about $50 miles, and its
greatest width about fifty miles. AL
though the streams that flow down
into It from the bordering mountains
disappear as soon as they reach the
alluvial slope. there is an abundance
OF water underground contained in
beds of fine sand varying from one
foot to twenty feet in thickness. and
separated by beds of blue clay from
one foot to several hundred feet thick.
No less than 1924 wells already exist
capable of irrigating $4,000 acres.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
25M0RE STOCKS
. SCORE NEW LOWS
u. S. Steel at 9O-LosSes OF
Five Points-Market Clos
ing Is Heavy.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 30-While some
improvement occurred In prices OF a
few shares in today's stock market.
notably United States Alcohol, Da-
Vison Chemical, Du Pont and Pro-
ducers and Refiners, the main ten
dency continued downward.
United States Steel was one of
twenty-five stocks to establish new
low prices for the year. that stock
being sold at 80. Others touching
new lows included Baldwin, st. Paul
preferred, Great Northern preferred,
American Telephone. Fisher Body.
Pan-American. California Petroleum
and Texas Company.
Losses ranged from . to points.
The closing was heavy. Sales ap-
proximated 100000 shares.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Mixing His Games.
From the Royal MaKa zine

An experienced golfer. in a At of
condescension. invited novice to a
game. The novice. to the golfers
dismay and disgust, plowed up the
ground all around the ball at every
stroke.
The golfer stood 1t for a while,
but after one particularly vicious dig
into the tee, he remarked:
you've revoked"
We're playing golf, not whist"
said the novice.
YES" replied the golfer, but you
have just played a spade where you
should have played club.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
q. s. TREASURY CERTIFICATES.
(ouotations furnished by Redmond 4 Coz
NIafuritT-
FOREIGN EXCHANGE.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated FrGsB
NEW YORK. June 3.-Foreign ex
changes irregular. Quotations Gin u. S.
dollars): Great Britain - Demand,
4.5711-16; cables. 4.57M; sixty-day
hills on banks, 4.57 1916. France
Demand, .06031a cables, ..O604. Italy
Demand, .O43S11; cables. .0439. Belgium
Demand, .0513; cables. .0513h. Ger
many - Demand, .000005 ": cables,
-00O005&. Holland-Demand, 1905;
cables, .3918. Norway-Demand,. 1895.
SWeden-Demand, .2645. Denmark
Demand, .1749. Switzerland-Demand.
.17611A Spain Demand, .144S.
Greecs-Demand, .0a85. Poland-De-
mand, .0O0008h. Czeoheslovakia--De-
mand, .029s. Argentine Demand,
$3.50. Brazil-Demand. 1000. Mon
treal, .97 e-16.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
REAL ESTATE BOOSTED.

ST. PAUL. June 80 (SpeciaD.-Al-
though the establishment of the new
Ford factory here has proved a big
business stimulant, this city has ex-
perienced some discomforts due to the
resultant rise in real estate values.
The city was forced to pay advanced
prices for new school sites. Real es-
tate Ia more active than at any time
in the last decade.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Nearing His Figure.

From the Boston Transcript.
Jack, dear, you love me more than
anything else in the world, don't
you?"
"Of course" AZ
"And you wouldn't give me UP foiY
q million dollars?" II
HIM! Has anybody offered that
Evening star., 1923-06-30
WEEKLY COTTON REPORT.

LIVERPOOL. June 29.-WeekIy
cotton statistics: Total forwarded to
mills, $4,000 bales, of which Ameri-
can 21,000; stock 47S,000, American
$4,000; imports $4,000, American
900; exports 5000, American 5000.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Going Too Far.
From the st. Louis Star.

From the st. Louis Star.
Judge-And what have you got to
say on the charge of boating your
wife?
Prisoner-Your honor, / din't mind
her throwing dishes at me, but when
she made me pick them up and glue
them together, why, I lost my tenn
per, that's all.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
MANY BUSINESS STUDENTS.

PHILADELPHIA, June 80 Especially.
-6ugtness courses are entering
largely into the summer programs of
educational Institutions here. The
University Of Pennsylvania has 2,500
pupils registered for all courses, with
heavy percentage taking business
studis4 and Temple University also
dents.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Higher and Higher.

From London Opinion.
Customer What! Five hundred
mounds for that antique? Why, I
priced it last month and you said
1850.
DealerYes, know; but the cost
of labor and materials has gone up
so!
Evening star., 1923-06-30
NEW BANK APPROVED.

Controller Of the Currency Dawes
today announced he had approved the
application for the organization Of
the Pacific National Bank at Los
Angeles, Calf The capital of the
institution was given at s1.0o0,e00.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
$4,000 Canadian Registration.

New York state leads all others \
ownership of motor trucks, the total b,x
ing 1S5,85S. Ohio is second with 117tSos
is highly unsatisfactory. due TO the fact
Massachusetts and Texas are next IN
line.
Evening star., 1923-06-30
Mslea
From Lfe.

from LdI6.
Hubby-Isp't the dinner bell early
Wife-That's not the dinner bell.
What is it?'
: "Only our daughter trying on her
new earrings"
Evening star., 1923-06-30
CHICAGO sTOCK MARKET.

CHICAGO, June 30.-Following Is
report Of today's sales, high. low and
closing quotations at the Chicago Stock
Exchange:
Evening star., 1923-06-30
The Limit.

From the Kansas City Times.
Father-My dear girl, ] have no OBJ
lection to your sweetheart coming
here to see you evenings, but l do
object to his taking the morning
papers with him when he leaves.