Evening star., 1923-09-15
Q. What IS umber and where is it
obtained 20. A. K.

Why does milk cost so much more
today than It did ten years ago? 1t
used to retail at cents a quart-de-
iivered IN bulk into open containers.
Today we have to pay Il cents; that
, is a greater increase than indicated
by the decreased purchasing power
of the dollar.
The explanation, readily given by
an official of the Worlds Dairy Con-
gress, is that milk today is very
different product from what it was
ten years ago. Farmers and dairy
men are now putting into milk far
more labor and expense than former
ly. A modern dairy barn is as clean
and free from dust as any dining
room. The cows are groomed-
washed-and the mixer is clothed
like a surgeon who is about TO per-
form a delicate operation. The milk
is aerated, cooled, pasteurized to Kill
bacteria and sealed in chemically
clean bottles All that costs more in
milk production than was put into
milk q generation ago, consequently
the milk of today Is worth more than
in days of old. This, In substance, is
what the dairy official explained as
the TeaSOu 1OE LILO lll5AA SOSN "a ''AA-AN
There is still a great looseness in
the handling Of city milk, according
to official authorities. For example:
The law requires that all dairy herds
furnishing milk for the Washington
market be tested for tuberculosis,
but there is no law requiring pas
teurization of the milk. Dairymen
pasteurize the milk they offer, but
that is because consumers demand
pasteurized milk.
All pasteurizing is not perfect.
Proper pasteuri2ing requires that
milk be heated to 145 degrees Fahren-
heit, and kept at that temperature for
thirty minutes. Some dairymen sim
ply heat the milk and flow 1t at once
away from the heat. That does not
kill all bacteria. The better dairies
keep a scientific man all the time, in
specting the milk they sell and see
ing that it Is properly pasteurized.
That is expensive. but IL makes the
milk q safe and good food.
X Il x X
There is to be a world dairy con-
gress in Washington October and
8, adjourned to Philadelphia for Oc-
tober 4, and to Syracuse. N. Y, oc-
tober sto 10. This congress will be
attended by the worlds most famous
specialists in dairy science.
There will be delegates here from
practically every country of Europe.
South America and Australia. Most
OF them will be men of national repu-
tation, and many of international
fame. There will be leaders In
science, including Mendel, who dis
covered the astounding law of breed
ing and cross-breeding, and McCol-
lum, who discovered the most revo-
lutionary element of nutrition, known
as "vitamins," without whose pres
ence in food all nutrition is value
less and leads only to disease and
| death. Vitamins were unknown prior
| ians who are not informed as to their
! essential activities are not competent
to practice medicine or prepare food.
X X y
To this McCollum discovery, while
investigation feeds for dairy cattle,
must be accredited the overturning
of the science of nutrition. 1t was
| made at the Wisconsin experiment
station. where scientific feeding tests
were being carried on. The standard
grains were analysed by the station
| professor. and their constituents
| carbohydrates, proteins, ETC., sepa-
| rated. Then the elements of corn, for
| example, were combined into bal
| anced ration" the elements of wheat
1 into another balanced ration" etc.
1 These rations were fed to groups of
/ calves until they matured and had
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