davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-02-04
Earth Beneath National Capital
Is Rich in Fossils of Forest

which had evidently decayed before
the process Of petrif1cation set in, the
government scientists were able to
ascertain, through examination of
cross sections of the trunks, that
these ancient forest monarchs had
belonged to the family of "conifers."
1t was like digging up giant col
lection of Christmas trees. en-
balmed by natures peculiar method.
Several of the speciments found are
now on view in the National Mu-
seum's hall of vegetable fossils. The
trees found near the Zoo have been
silicified-that is, particle by parti-
Gle, the wood has been replaced by
silica. Although these specimens
lack the marvellous colors to be found
in the petrified trees brought from
the west, they hold a peculiar inter-
est for natives of Washington.
Another interesting formation
found in the east is the fragment of
a reef of fossil seaweed which grew
and flourished in the ancient Ozar-
khan sea and was discovered near
Clear Spring, Md. These seaweeds
were of the variety termed "calcar-
eous algae" because of their power
of secreting lime from the sea water
They grew in such great numbers
that they sometimes formed large
reefs similar to our coral reefs of to-
day. The specimen shown in the mu-
scum was discovered by DIR. and Mrs
Charles D. Walcott in 1915. The
original vegetable matter has COM
pletely vanished. leaving only the
lime formations which gathered
around the soft tissue of the plant.
Evening star., 1923-02-04
Working Along Sane Lines.

Study of geologic formations al
ways is disturbing. 1t makes con-
tinents seem but shifting sands and
the Seven seas little pools that will
scorching breath. For instance, a
stanch F. +. w. or Carroll of Carroll
ton would almost resent the fact that
some aeons ago his ancestral estate
was but part of the murky primal
slime. And his ancestors-where and
what were they? We dare not say
1t would be lese majestic. And long
before the days of the Senate there
were fossils imbedded where the
Capitol now stands.
While most of the petrified relics of
former ages that have been discov-
cred in America have been found in
the west, many interesting finds have
been made in the east, some of them
in Washington.
When the excavations for the
Brightwood reservoir, at the southern
end Of the Soldiers Home grounds,
were made, veritab1e fossil forest
was unearthed. Again, in cutting
streets through the sand and gravel
east o fthe National Geological Park,
Another section of this forest of
aeons past was unearthed.
Upon this premise one might say
that the whole of the National Capt.
tai rests upon the remains of great
prehistoric wood. While the fossil
trees unearthed were minus bark,
Evening star., 1923-02-04
"As | See IT.
CONTINUED from First Page.)

Continued from First Page)
which repressed liberty of opinion in
the New York schools. Apparently
the people OF our largest common
wealth are back Of the governor. He
is fresh from the Endorsement of the
people. Gov. Small of Illinois has
taken a position parallel to that OF
Gov. Smith in pardoning political
prisoners. Smith is a democrat, Small
a republican. Party makes no differ
ence in the attitude of men upon the
question of free speech.
Clearly we have turned the corner
in our thinking upon questions OF
freedom of utterance. Burleson and
Palmer and Daugherty are out OF the
rurrent--stakes on the marshes to
show where the tide once flowed.
IL Is clear that the American peo-
rls are coming to feel that the
menace Of suppression is worse for
stable government than the threat of
revolution.
. We are recovering from our blue
funk at the poor boobs of bolshevists.
we are coming to the conclusion that
q jast government has nothing to
fear from fools. This is a glorious
discovery. 1t disarms the fools. The
only danger we face Is anarchy and
communism and all the we'll known
helPs brow of European proletarian
nisgovernment begins when we clasp
the poor fish in jail who talks the
drivel that we dignity with legal dis
approval. II the drivel has any
merit bars will not hold it. If it is
mere idiocy it cannot propagate in a
happy land.
Action is, of course, different from
mere mouthing. The man who
throws q bomb or brick is quite
different from the man who merely
throws q At.
The freedom to throw bombs or
bricks in any cause whatever. lar
ceny or anarchy, is equally reprehen-
sible. And Il the man who throws a
AT influences Q man to throw bomb
os a brick. the thrower is weak
Ing who would soon be in Jail for
Evening star., 1923-02-04

dustry. The real fight today is not
between employees and employers, but
rather between those who want to
produce and those who want to get
something for nothing or at least to
give in return for living as little in
effort as they can get away with. 1t
is true that this latter group includes
both rich and poor, but 1t is large
group and very menacing one to-
day.
Personally 1 do not worry about
either the capitalists or the socialists.
Only the orthodox union leaders and
the radical politician worry me. Both
capitalists and the socialists are in
terested in increasing production and
facilitating distribution. Both sys-
TENS depend for their authority on the
consent OF the governed. Both can
continue to retain control of industry
only as they truly serve the producer.
Almost all of us are producers in some
form or another. Hence, when ex-
amined under the microscope, there is
found to be only very little difference
today between capitalism and social
ism. Both are aiming at the same
thing. although both are attacking
the problem from different angles.
Only the future can tell which angle
is the soundest. 1t cannot be now de-
votes. The wise man will respect both
the leaders of the capitalists and the
leaders of the socialists"
To Replace Compel tition.
Turning from political theory to
practical business organization, DR..
Steinmetz outlines a new way based
on production rather than profit.
There can be no permanent pros
perity," he says, with industries COM
peting with one another and with
Evening star., 1923-02-04
Theories of Capitalists and Socialists
Growing Daily More Nearly in Accord

He calls himself a progressive Sci
entif1c analysis clearly shows him to
be one generation behind the times.
He is attempting to set back the
hands of the clock and stem the tides
of progress. Why? Because prog
ress demands consultations: because
efficiency in production and distribu-
tion requires cooperation rather than
competition. Wasteful competition
is the basic reason for high costs.
Cost in production has been reduced
by the developing of large units and
cutting out wasteful competition. One
reason why the cost of distribution
is today so great is because this CO.
operation Is just beginning-through
the chain stores-to be applied to dis
tribution.
The radicals are trying through
legislation to break up these large
and efficient organizations. They are
as blind as the union labormen who
are trying to get richer by produc-
ing less. Mind you-rm not criticiz-
ing labor unions per Sc. Labor has
as much right to unite in unions as
have investors to unite in corpora
tions: but both should be subject TO
the same laws and have for their
purposes production and distribution.
Wage workers should not give up
their organizations but they should
Justify the existence of such organi-
cations.
Working Along Sane Lines.
"Only the capitalists and the social
lists are working along sane lines, and
these two groups are coming more
closely together every year. In fact,
they are joining hands today in a de-
sire for organized production and
distribution compared with merely
desire for more of the Spoils of in
Evening star., 1923-02-04

Correspondence Of The Star.
WELLESLEY HILLS, Mass, Janu-
ary 30.-There may not seem to be
any direct connection between alter
mating electric currents and human
emotions. That the two are governed
by the same basic laws. however, is
again evidenced by the fact that DR..
Charles P. Steinmetz has turned his
genius from things electrical to the
problem of human relations.
This little giant of Schenectady"
has forsaken an apparatus just COM
pleted that generates an electric cur
rent of one million volts. actually
manufactures real lightning, to the
working out Of new Industrial sys-
tenn His plan is outlined in COM
plete form for the first time in a
statement to Babson Institute, at
Wellesley Hills, where leading think
ers are pooling their energies that
the disastrous booms and panics-
periods of wild prosperity and then
periods of bread lines-may be les
sened If not neutralized in American
economic life.
True capitalism and true socialism
are one and the same" begins DR..
Steinmetz, and that is startling
statement from a man who has been
a political fugitive because of his So
cialistic and supposedly anti-capital-
ist beliefs.
Originally capitalism meant indi-
~
metz. with each for himself and the
devil take the hindmost. Originally
socialism meant communistic control
with property under common owner
ship. Changed conditions have. how
ever, changed the aims of both cap
italism and socialism. Both of these
apparently opposite groups have grad
ually been coming together. Where
formerly they disagreed both as to
aims and methods. they now are
to the best method Of bringing about
this mutually desired result. We
make the mistake Of thinking of cap
italism and socialism as they existed
a generation or more ago and not as
they are working today. Capitalism
once was synonymous with indivfd-
ualism and hence the capitalist hated
the socialist. Now conditions have
changed, and capital is as keen for
centralized control as are the most
advanced socialistic leaders.
THE representatives of both cap
italism and socialism are today seek
ing the same things-namely, the uni
fed control of industry by a small
group who make such work their
life's speciality. The only parties who
do not agree are the conservative
union labormen led by Mr.. Gompers
and the radical politicians led by Mr..
La Toilette. The orthodox union la
Dor leaders are merely traders think
ing primarily of their own immedi-
ate interests, unmindful Of the pub
lies welfare or the unions welfare
in the long run. They think in terms
Of wages and bonus rather than in
terms of production and commodities.
They depend for their gain on bar
gaining and striking rather than on
efficiency and usefulness. Their poll
cies may be necessary war meas
ures, but no real prosperity can be
built upon such a tickle foundation.
I believe In labor unions. but not in
the purposes underlying these unions.
Generation Behind Times.
The typical radical is just as bad.
Evening star., 1923-02-04

nalr dozen little shops in every block
as at present. To eliminate the hills
and valleys 70 the Babson chart there
must be more cooperation and less
competl.lon. When industry is prop
erly organized and controlled then we
are in a position to eliminate unem-
ployment and business depressions
The trend of capitalism is to bring
such condition about. 1t also should
oe remembered that the leaders in
elther a capitalistic or socialistic form
OF government must work in tho in
terestS of society at large in order to
hold their positions. Unlike the noli-
tcian, they hold their positions oniy
as they make success Of their work.
This Is why the ablest men of both
groups are working for a living wapa
Tor both those who perform the labor
and those who supply the capital"
Not for Government Operation.
Business men make a great mis-
take" continued Dr. Steinmetz ain
thinking that socialism means gov
ernment operation. Only the labor
leaders and the radical politicians are
talking government operation. Neither
the intelligent capitalist nor the in
tellfgent socialist wants government
operation. Nor do the labor leaders
and politicians want government
operation for the benefit of the COM
munity, but rather for their own self
Ism purposes. Ask any ten man
whether private or government opera-
ton is more efficient, and nine will AZ
once answer that private operation is
thG more economical: Apparently every
.erest charges. no dividends to paw,
no legislation to fear-and VET 90
ernment. state and municipal onera-
.lon is a failure. Successful govern
rn.ds operation OF industries, rail-
roads or public utilities is inherentIv
Impossible under a democrats form
or government"
A New Form of Government
Turning from business to poIitica1
theory, DR.. Steinmetz fuses the two
and produces a picture of the ulti-
mate government, a government with
all the efficiency Of the modern busi-
ness organization, yet a government
that will satisfy the broad social de-
manos or the most exacting humani-
tartan. Our present democratic form
OF government" says DIR. Steinmetz.
10 probably only a transition stage
between monarchy and the ultimate
system. 1t has been apparently sue
cessful in the United States, largely
because America is so rich in natural
resources that 1t can afford to be ex-
travagant and wasteful. We have
been successful here in spite of our
form OF government. rather than be-
cause of 1t. Do not misunderstood
me. Democracy is a tremendous i'm
provement over the absolute mon
archy of the old days. 1t does not
necessarily represent the highest or
ganization. 1t has it's decided weak
nesses when studied from an unprej-
udiced scientific point of view.
1T cannot help but be wasteful and
inefficient" brings out DR.. Steinmetz,
'as long as positions are filled through
election rather than through promo
ton. In a business corporation there
is no change of officers So long as
they perform their work well. This
insures a continuity of service, spe-
cialized ability and the filling of va
cancies through the promotion on
merit. These extremely valuable fea-
lures are lacking In our democratic
form of government.
Evening star., 1923-02-04
BY WILL p. KENNEDY.

Ok WILL II. AEN EDf.
r YUCLE SAM is considering seri-
ously the establishment Of a
paper mill to supply the gov
ernment printing Office and
other branches Of the federal service.
For the last seven years bills providing
for a government paper mill have been
before Congress and acted upon favor
ably several times by committees. The
public printer, George II. Carter. again
is pressing Congress for action.
The proposition is simply this-that
government timber could be cut into
government pulp wood for the making
Of government pulp, from which with
the aid of government water power
there could be manufactured govern
ment paper upon which to print govern
ment publications by a government
plant that has been in operation at gov
ernment expense for more than sixty
years. Still more simply, to convert
government forests into government
paper for the use of government de-
partments.
Vast Cost of Paper.
Public Printer Carter, who was for
merly clerk to the joint committee on
printing, in showing the vital i'm
portance of the cost of paper to the
total expenditure for public printing and
binding, directs attention to the fact
that twenty-seven cents OF every dollar
spent in the government printing office
last year was for paper stock alone, and
uvhp
were abnormally high. it was thirty
seven cents to the dollar. The big gov
ernment printery uses from 40 600 900
to 100000 pounds Of paper year.
which If cut into octave books and
placed in a single stack would make a
pile 500 miles high in one year.
Paper is now the only material, aside
from cover cloths, entering into the
production Of book that is not made
by the government printing office. All
metals. inks. rollers, glue and paste
used in government printing are manu-
factured there. An increasing quantity
of machinery and equipment is being
designed and manufactured or recon-
structed to meet the special needs of
|, the plant by the carpenter, electrical,
machine and metal shops, which are
among the most efficient in the govern
ment service. The government printing
office soon will begin the production OF
line-cuts and half-tones for the iIlustra-
ton Of government publications, includ-
ing the Patent Office Gazette and the
millions Of farmers bulletins which are
becoming more attractive and instruc-
tive with the extensive use of suitable
Illustrations.
Great Timber Tracts Available.
Consequently, Public Printer Carter
and many men in Congress who are
most familiar with the printing job of
the federal government believe that the
addition of a paper mill is needed to
complete the equipment of the govern
ment printing office for its tremendous
task Of spreading printers ink (of its
own manufacturer over some 135 square
miles OF paper every year. With vast
Montana and other western states con-
Evening star., 1923-02-04
Liberty and Equality.

we play it in this country is the best
cure for the evils Of free speech
Liberty and Equality.
THE country is witnessing a Curl
ligious liberty, and in every sec
tion some preacher is making a stand
for rationalism in religion. Every
denomination knows some phase of
the contest. Rev. Percy. Grant of
New York city is the gladiator of the
moment in the coliseum. But his
fame will be f1eeting; another will
appear tomorrow and another the
next day and still another.
But these men who are airing their
views about the plan of salvation
have not suddenly come to their con-
victions. They clearly have held
them for yearS-suppressed. And
each contender for liberty has dis
covered mellower and more toler-
ant atmosphere than he found a few
years ago. The Governor of New
York, in pardoning an anarchist, de-
clared that he gave the prisoner his
, freedom not because the governor
agreed with the prisoners views, but
despite his disagreement with those
views. The President is gradually
pardoning the political prisoners of
the war. Senator George w. Pepper,
successor to Boise Penrose, Is appeal
ing for pardon of these war offend
ers en- bloc.
Liberty has had a long tussle with
equality in our national life. The
tendency to scale down great men,
great fortunes. unwield ideals to the
standard size and to magnify the
weak, the oppressed, the under
, nourished and the cheap, the ten
dency to level down and uplift are
all bubbles on the current of life, the
tide of democracy.
And now comes the first sure drift
away from equality, Standardization
for common run Of things, toward
liberty
Liberty will give us distinction.
! even as equality provided for our
! comfort. Perhaps to have distinc-
ton justly we must first provide
standards, levels, common rights and
ordinary comforts for the mass. But
liberty has thought of them. For
liberty is of the Individual.
Equality Is of the socialized unit
But we seem to be setting out on a
new adventure. We seem to be ready
for an adventure in liberty.
Evening star., 1923-02-04

something other than politics. So
why circumscribe fits and dignity
them for the mere protection Of
fools? If the red mouth wants to
froth blood let it froth. Politics as
we play it in this country is the best
cure for the evils of free speech
Evening star., 1923-02-04
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

Y ITH feet firmly implanted
\N/ and every sinew brought
: " into play, France and Ger
Evening star., 1923-02-04

vigorous reprisals against the Ger
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-04-11
SOUTH AMBOY

Joseph Cannon was a Matawan
visitor last night.
Rev. Father LannaFy, of St.
Mays parish visited with friends at
Railway on Sunday.
Salvador Abbatello was an out of
town visitor yesterday afternoon.
David Blyth. of keyport, spent
Monday evening with friends in this
city.
There will be a Gard party under
the auspices of the Parent-Teachers
Association of st. Mary's school on
Saturday afternoon at the home OF
Mrs. John ]. Scully on Stevens ave
nue..
Vencina Kennedy Of Haziet spent
yesterday with friends in this city.
James Dugan and Steven fremont
visited with friends at Helmetta Or
Monday night.
Frank Barkey waS an out % town
visitor yesterday.
Edward Cox, Of Cliffwoo6, spent
last night with friends in this city.
Miss Adeline Chevelier. of Sayre-
vile, was a local visitor yesterday
afternoon.
George Marian OF Bound Brook,
spent yesterday with friends in this
city
Francis Kuhn spent Saturday and
Sunday with friends at Railway.
Owing to the fact that there will
be a card party at the home OF
Mrs. John j. Scully on Stevens
avenue on Saturday afternoon, the
regular weekly card party for the
benefit of St. Mary's convent fund
was not held last night. Next weeks
card party will be held under the
leadership OF Dorothy Watts and
Catherine Cleary.
Miss Adeline Farley. OF Sayreville,
spent yesterday with friends in this
city.
Frank Scally was an out OF town
visitor yesterday.
Thomas Kennedy visited with
friends at Keyport yesterday.
Rose Kennedy with a party OF
friends visited at Newark yesterday.
Tickets are being sold rapidly for
the motion picture beueft THE
Third Alarm" to be held in the
Empire theatre under the auspices
of the Independence Hook and Lad
der Company.
Lawrence Trinley and William
Busky spent last night at New York
city.
Douglas Lochs, of ~Sayrevilie, was
a local visitor yesterday afternoon.
Joseph Triggs motored to the
home Of friends at Bound Brook last
night.
Harry stonaker motored TO the
home OF friends at Perth Amboy
last night.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-04-11
MATAWAN COPS
NEARLY FIRED
Entired Force of Two Men
Must Show Some Pep,
Mayor Says

MATAWAN, April 1.-THE reg
ilar attendants at the council meet
ing last night were agitated when
for a time it appeared az II the reg
ular routine business OF the session
would take a back seat, az Mayor
William II. Sutphin declared that he
was on the point OF firing the whole
police force, consisting of W men,
John Mulsoff. who has the honor OF
carrying the title of chief, and Will
lam II. Stillwell, his assistant.
Officer Stillwell himself admits
that Mayor Sutphin is not any too
kindly disposed towards the force at
the present time, and the mayor last
night led everyone present to be-
lieve that he was on the verge OF
demanding the removal of the two
officers and the appointment OF
others to take thsir place. Strange
to say, not one of h councilmen
look the part of the officers, even
though they voted to raise their cal
aries a short time ago.
The attack on the police force
came about when Mayor Sutphin de-
clared that the FREEHOLD bus ID run
ming through the town like the DEVIL
even after the Officers had been or
dered to arrest the driver He
stated that as far as he was con-
cerned, he would fire the whole
punch II they cannot carry out a lit
lie thing like that. Without much
discussion on the subject, the matter
was left to Borough Recorder Gus
tav Gesswein to settle.
1t is understood that Councilman
George w. Parker was supposed to
recommend to the council at last
nights session that a new uniform
be purchased for Ontcer SulIWell.
but the state of mind OF Mayor SUIT
min towards the police department
was such, that Councilman Parker
probably thought better OF the rec.
ommendation. and therefore made
no mention OF it..
Matters In relation to the extern
sion OF Broad street and the tnstalla-
ton Of the sewer system. also were
discussed. In relation TO Broad
street. figures presented by Engineer
Heuser. showed that earth taken
from the cuts for the street would
supply enough dirt 10 make h oils.
Councilman Diggin was instructed
to nave the stakes for the new street
set and to again advertise for bids
for the removal of several houses
along the proposed street. No bids
were received last night.
Councilman Clark pointed out
during a long technical discussion
that the installation of the sewer and
building of the septic tank would
cost in the neighborhood of $4,000.
This amount will be increased some
what by the cost OF employing an in
epector and the printing Of bonds
and other small detail matters in
connection with the improvement.
in order to meet this additional ex-
pense, 1t was OF the opinion that the
amount needed for the job as ee-
tinated in the original ordinance,
may have to be increased. The con-
.traet is about ready to be signed and
the mayor was authorized to call an
adjourned meeting for this purpose.