davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Up TO July, 1914. the financial ma
chinery of modern industry worked.
1t creaked q little here and there.
but it did go. 1t worked because the
world functioned as an economic
unit--as a single organism.
The nearly half a billion people of
Europe were able to live and increase
their standard of living because Eu-
rope had become the workshop of the
world. America sent cotton and cop
per to England and Germany, and
these countries became the chief
makers of textiles and electrical
interdependent organic and sensi-
tive" resulting in rise in the stand
ard of living of the average man in
spite of an increase in the popula-
ton of from 125.000, 900 in 1900 to
ATS. 900 in 1913.
So at this point we can lay down
as fundamental the proposition that
the modern European civilization lives
and develops by international trade.
The basis of international trade is
the ability of customers to buy. That
ability again is the result OF produc-
tion, and can only go on II those
customers themselves are producing
things and can exchange them for
others. So production, backed up by
a competent machinery of exchange,
is the foundation of the modern life.
x < x X
In our last article we saw that up
to 1914 a competent machinery of ex-
la ho1
been built up. That it was in the
last analysis based on gold as the
final means of settling trade bal
ances between nations. While there
were criticisms of the system from
time to time, the fact remains that
every great and prosperous Euro
pean nation in 1914 was using the
gold basis for settling trade balances.
If one nation owed $100,000,000 to
another nation, the first nation could
square accounts by sending over an
equal amount of goods and services,
or send that amount of gold, or give
part of each.
The gold settlement was universal
and standard. The international gold
standard of exchange implied two i'm
portant assumptions: ID That the
amount of gold reserve behind the
different national bank notes was in
ternationally known and recorded. and
with such a record confidence in the
several currencies was created; and
(2) gold, having an international ex-
change value, moved freely from
! country to country. Let either of
these assumptions cease to exist and
the machinery of international trade
fails to function, the gold point
breaks and production slows down.
Let us see what happened. OF the
$50 900, 900 people in Europe, 100000
600 were engaged in the great war
from 1914 to 1918. The expense was
titanic Every method of financing
was resorted to in order to raise
money. The expenses of the Euro
pean governments engaged in war
exceeded the receipts from taxation
by s159, 100000.
x II y X
In this financial debauch the cur
rency likewise became affected. New
notes not convertible in gold appear
ed in every country. With every fresh
issue of unsecured and "irredeemable'
paper notes two things occurred: Cd
Prices for all articles rose within
countries. and (2) the rate of ex-
change became harder and harder to
hold at the gold point. Imitation had
set in. Imitation, the printing Of un-
limited paper money to meet govern
Evening star., 1923-09-16

men were picked for the effort, End
one relay" was ell tnat WE expected
of horse or man. The old pony express
started every day and arrived every
day, and horse and man had set task
for each Neutrality-suspicious. period. The
horse, after going his section of the
route, rested and went back at the
same pace he came. The 1928 horse
and rider had only one task to per-
form, and then could rest indefinitely.
Very likely there was easier going for
the horses of 1923 than for those of
sixty to seventy years ago, and there
was certainly less danger from In
dams and bandits. But it was an in
teresting job and was we'll done.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
MEN AND AFFAIRS
BY ROBERT It. SMALL

. safe, and the nights lost much of
their naVor London increased her
anti-aircraft defenses to such an ey
tent that the shrapnei shells, falling
over the city like heavy hail, did far
more damage to life and property
than the poorly aimed bombs Of The
raiders.
4 y = 4
AS the ZR1 sailed stately and Sc
renely above New York city three
airplanes circled about her like hor-
nets. and it was easy to see how
vulnerable the big dirigibles are to
attack from the fast moving planes
OF course the ZR-1 has a great asset
in her heIium gas. which is not IN
flammable, but rain of machine-Eln
bullets from an attacking plane could
puncture all of her baIloonettes and
send her helpless to earth.
This very thing happened to one OF
the four Zeppelins brought down over
the American army area of Franc
one bright Sunday morning. Tho
Zeps had been on a London raidine
expedition the night before, but had
lost their bearing and daybreak
| found them over France instead of
| their dear Germany.
Oh, what day it was for the
French airmen, We had no plane
at the time. Good hunting!" thy
| aviators cried as they leaped for
their machines The Zeps. of course.
were doomed. They didn't have a
| chance in the world. Three Were
sent down in flames, the fourth cam"
| down intact with punctured gas bagS
1t landed near road and its back
/ was broken in striking the uneveu
| ground Otherwise the giant black
] messenger of death was in perfect
condition. In the early days OF N.
| war the ZepS were painted in silver,
| Just as the ZR-1 sparkled in thu
| September sunlight last week. 1|rI
| the silver made them too good tar'
/ get when caught by the searchlight~
and all the later ships were coVerea
! in dead black.
There were some Americans in En-
! rope during the war mean enough
! to hope that q hostile Zeppelin Nigh
| reach New York city and drop few
big ones on the big town. Their idea
was that the war should he broughr
| closer home to the American people.
| New York was spared that ordeaj
and her first view of a Zeppelin was
| the benign and friendly ZR-l
y i x X
Col. Tnlinghast LHommedieu llua-
| ton, one time half owner of the New
York Yanks. who is just plain Cap
3 Huston to his friends, is back from
| a long trip to the Pacific coast. Al
/ though he and his guests Travelled in
a private car. the Cap spent as much
/ time as possible in automobiles, es
pecially over the fine roads in Cali
| fornia.
There was one particular straight
away stretch just outside Monterey
that caught the Caps fancy. The
| road spread away like Il ribbon.
| There was never a motor cop in
sight and any one who craved fast
! travelling could have it in chunks.
! About half way down the stretch
| there was a garage, with a big cleo
! trically lighted sign in front of it, and
! this is how it read:
speed limit. ninety-nine miles an
! hour. Fords go to it,
Evening star., 1923-09-16
The Gasoline Puzzle.

Next Thursday a conference of
motorists will he held at Cleveland TO
plan action for a complete survey of
the gasoline situation. Delegates from
motor clubs throughout the country
will attend. The purpose is to start
ar inquiry into the reason why gaso.
line users in some states are charged
from - to 25 cents a gallon. while in
others they can buy this necessary
fuel for from L to Is cents a gallon.
This remarkable discrepancy in
gasoline prices has puzzled the coun-
try recently. The gasoline prices,
naturally affected by the war condi-
tons, ran up from between 5 TO 10
cents gallon TO from % to so cents.
The jump. it is believed was not justi.
fed by the actual increase in the de-
mand or by the increase in the cost
of labor. The users Of the fuel We're
compelled TO pay the rate and had no
recourse.
When prices IN general subsided af-
ter the close Of the war gasoline went
down a little, but not much. In this
part Of the country the rate remained
close TO the twenty y-five-cent point,
with occasional fluctuations which
brought it slightly lower Then re-
Gently in one of the western states the
subject was tackled by the executive
and gasoline was brought down
through the competition between the
Independent dealers and the larger
producers. Several states showed SINH
lar reductions. Bur the eastern prices
remained virtually as high as ever,
and there is no present indication of a
drop.
Il is obviously absurd 10 maintain
such Il marked difference in gasoline
rates as that which now prevails. a diff
ference Of leo per cent, figuring on the
lower basis. The differentials in
freights do not account for this mar
gin. There are no local conditions
that can conceivably cause such a
wide spread Of prices. Plainly, some
thing t. wrong, and it is the purpose
of ths Cleveland conference to find
out what that something is.
Gasoline has become 4 necessity.
The emarkable increase in the use of
motor cars has made it as essential
as water. AT a very small percentage
of profit on the gallon the total sales
are so immense that the aggregate
earnings in the sale of this fuel are
very heavy. The retailing organiza.
tion is not so widely spread out that
the profits must be multiplied unduly.
There is no broader range from the
actual production to the consumer
than in other commodities.
The Cleveland conference, il is sug-
gested, may ask for state and federal
legislation. Price fixing by the few
western states that have undertaken
to curb the high prices in gasoline
may not have the full sanction of law,
and probably there will be no attempt
at price fixing by Congress, but at any
rate a full investigation of the subject
will let in light that may itself bring
about the reform that is so urgently
required in the interest Of honest mer-
? chandising.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Among the millions who gazed in
admiring wonder at the naval Yep
pelin ZR-1 as it maneuvered above
New York, Newark, Philadelphia and
the intervening cities last week. there
were not a few who knew what it
meant to be under a fleet of these
giant aircraft when their mission
over city was not that of peaceful
parade, but one of dire destruction.
The whir of the American Zep's
propellers was reminiscent of some
Of the darkest nights in London dur
ing the war. There never was any
thrill quite equal to the quiet report
sent out over the news association
tickers in the British capital reading
something like this:
"A fleet of seventeen Zeppelins have
just crossed the coast and are headed
for London"
1t was usually about midnight
when the news came, and all of the
pig Zeppelin raids were staged on
Saturday nights The Germans al
ways clung to the belief that the men
of the defending aircraft squadrons
about London were away at the sea
shore over the week end and that the
city would be at their mercy, De-
spite the loss >of several ships at the
hands of the British flying men, the
Germans held to the Saturday night
raiding program to the bitter end
1t was the good fortune of the
writer to see three Zeppelins brought
down in flames from over the out
skirts of London, including the first
one destroyed at Cufiey. A blazing
rocket shot from an airplane sent
the hostile craft to its doom in a
burst of gaseous fire.
That was in the earlier days of the
Zeppelin raids and virtually all OF
London was on the house tops or ar
windows watching the spectacle Sof
20 catch the lone raider in their lat
ticelike beams. 4 few cannon were
feebly splitting shrapnel shells into
The air with their explosive bursts
5f golden rain. Occasionally there
would be a louder crash as the Wis
tor from Germany dropped a deadly
bomb.
Then out of the darkness overhead
came the great red flare. For a mo-
ment there was a stunned silence,
but the invisible spectators quickly
grasped what had happened. The
cheer which burst over the darkened
city was one never TO be forgotten
by those who heard ii. Probably two
million voices were in that cheer. 1t
stretched out over all the miles of
the London district. 1t was a great
exultant cry of triumph. No longer
could the Germans raid the city at
will and get away scot free. That
yelling cheer was the funeral anthem
for twenty-three soldiers of the kai-
ser, whose charred and blackened
bodies were dug next day from the
wreckage and given a burial with all
military honors.
1t was two or three weeks later
that two more Zeps were brought
down within a few minutes of each
other, and again all of London gazed
in awe-struck wonder. Still later on
the Yep raids became positively un-
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Ignite.

.is we are hearing more OF the expert
1rlfents which have been made by the
bureau Of mines to turn Ignite into
commercial fuel. Vast quantities of
the substance are known to exist in
the United States and Canada, and
biologists have figured that there are
more than a billion tons in this coun.
try, principally in North and South
Dakota and Montana. Lignite is par.
tally carbonized fossil wood, occupying
an intermediate place between peat
and coal.
An announcement by the Interior
Department says that the Ignite of
the northwest "is brown, dull, marked
~ woody in texture, has no coking
quality, carries a great percentage of
A~aisture and disintegrates so rapidly
Evening star., 1923-09-16
SHOOTING STARS.
By PHILANDER JOHNSON.
Related Praise

1tIotEu a
When first a man for office tries,
They roast him to turn.
He has his friends: yet none denies
There's much for him to learn.
But when at last he's taken i'll,
In sympathy we gaze,
Endeavoring with generous will
To load his name with praise
The simple truth we scorn at first,
In merciless complaint.
When one is well we think the worst.
When sick, he is saint.
Why should we not an average strike.
And frankly seek to say
The truths healthy man might like
To cheer him on his way?
Evening star., 1923-09-16

It appears impossible for the Presi-
dent of the United States to write
even a simple note of earnest con-
graduation without arousing political
gossip to a suspicion that his utter
ance may have some deep-hidden sig
nificance.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Fhe Prince of Wales is going to visit
his ranch in Canada for a rest Incl
a certain curiosity as to whether all
the things the films portray in con-
nection with Canadian ranches are
true.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

AS they chat together on the steam.
ship, Dictator Will Hays may learn a
great deal about diplomacy. while Am
bassador Harvey gets valuable in
sight into that new and powerful me-
dunn of publicity. the motion picture.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

The public pays literally and with
out complaint to see a championship
contest in the prize ring. It is worth
something to have a widely agitated
question settled quickly and emphati.
cally, even if not permanently.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Rumors that they have departed
this life are so frequent that both
Lenin and Trotsky ought to assert
themselves politically at least to the
extent of an official denial.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Germany realizes the fallacy of a
currency system which leaves a man
who receives n satchel full of paper
marks in return for a dollar bill uncer-
tain as to whether he has been short.
changed.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
No Wet Plank For Him.

"Will you stand for a wet plank in
your party PLATFORM"
mo-" answered Senator Sorghum.
"I don't want to give my antagonists
chance to hand me that proverh
about the wicked standing in slippery
places"
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Whatever may be his opinion of the
league Of nations, an Italian states
man is likely to forfeit popular con-
fidence by speaking as if he had never
heard of it.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

There are great attractions in diplo-
macy. but Col. George Harvey appears
to the casual observer like the type
of publicist who would rather edit
than be edited.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

The dirigible, uncompromisingly dis
credited during the war, is now being
given a chance to forget the past and
behave itself.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Rate BY Mail-Payable in Advance.
Maryland and Virginia.
All Other States.
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
TO the use for republica tion of alI news dis
patches credited 10 II or not otherwise credited
IN this paper and also the local news pub
iished herein. All rights OF publication OF
special dispatches herein are also reserved.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Human Possession.

The man who wants to own the earth
Well prize, beyond doubt,
II he can get his moneys worth
And leave the earthquakes out.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Heard and Seen

Was he just dirty bum. or a hero
in disguise?
The owner of the automobile found
him sound asleep in the back seat
Now how am I going to get him
out of here?" asked the car owner
of a friend whom he was going TO
take riding.
Punch him." advised the friend
Prods and thumps, however, failed
| to get the desired result.
I'll start the car then maybe he will
wake up" said the owner. sutting
the action to the word.
The ragged one started up. rubbed
his eyes, then settled back.
! Say, got a cigaret?" he asked
NO. l haven't" sharply replied the
other. I'm going on a trip"
"Tll go with you" retorted the
other.
You will not" said the car owner.
You get out of my car. and stay
out"
:; =
In an hour or two the automobiles
| came back to his office, parked his
car, and went in. As he crossed the
street he noticed his friend, the bum
asleep in another car. Knowing the
owner of the car, the man told him
about the unwelcome visitor.
The second car owner went down.
and soon returned to state that he
had chased the man away. The first
owner thought no more of the mat
ter until an hour later, when a friend
came in and said:
Say. what's the matter with your
car? There is big crowd around it
Don't know" briefly replied the
| other. with a sinking heart.
He hurried down to the street
What's the matter here?" he asked
of one in the crowd.
There's a man in your car throw
ing fit,' came the reply
There was the bum, clawing at The
cushions, kicking around real lively
Il told that bum to keep out al
my car" roarad the distressed owner.
| y call was put in for an ambulance
| But before it could arrive the sut-
ferer recovered.
| Whats the matter with you-.'
asked the owner, sympathetic despite
| auto for sleeping quarters.
We'll, boss, I was in the world
war" said the other, 'I got to dream
ing I was in the trenches again. and
| lighting the war all over. Aud
| them
Then he got out of the car and
walked away, before the .ambulanc"
arrived, and nobody stopped him.
The children still furnish the world
| with their sayings.
Two little ones in the northwest
| section of the city recently spent
much time painting post cards to help
raise money for a church fund.
The cards really were very nice
looking, too.
Maybe IL We help God but said
| one of the children, He will help
us out some time"
| Moving time is at hand
| Vans are going from one place in
| the city to another. and moving thc
populace hither and yon. They e"
| from apartments into houses, and
! from houses to apartments; from
| apar tments to apartments and from
| houses to still other houses.
Ny friend Sonny stood, in his five
years of manhood, watching the
| movers take the household goods
| downstairs. atst
[ He called to the chief mover.
There is Just one more furniture
l left he cried.
! CHARLES L. TRACEW ELL.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

BY looking over the reports for
months back it will be seen that the
anthracite strike ran very closely to
schedule.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Chicago is always asserting rivalry
of New York. The Illinois metropolis
now claims to be the "wettest" city
in the country.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

american buildings in Toxic with
stood the earthquake. Japan will know
what TO do when she rebuilds her
fallen cities.
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Jud Tunkins says it's a lucky man
who gets back from vacation with
out looking more tired than when he
started.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Misleading Print.

ssYou can't believe all you see in
print"
mo- replied Uncle Bill Bottletop,
Especially if it's on a fancy Ticker
label"
Evening star., 1923-09-16

The Evening Star with the Sunday morning
edition is delivered by carriers within the city
AZ DO cents per month: daily only, 80 cents per
month; Sunday only. 20 cents per month Or
dcrs may he sent by mail telephone Main
b000. Collection is made by carriers at the
end Of each month.
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Local Pride,

"Do you get your gowns from
PARISH
Not any more" answered Miss
CAYENNE. We've gotten so we can
make 'em look just as queer and cost
just as much right in our own home
town"
Evening star., 1923-09-16

FDEINNE'NH :"
Business Office, 1Ith st. and pennsylvRnia Ave.
New York Oflice: ll0 East 42nd st.
Chicago Office: Tower Building.
European Office: 16 Regent ST., London, England
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Don't limit your piety to Sunday" !"
said Uncle Eben. "Old Satan will be
puffckly satisfied IL every sinner gives
him a six-day week
Evening star., 1923-09-16
Fifty. Years Ago
In The Star

The subject of corporal punishmtnt in
the schools was under discussion here
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Last fall several side issues were
introduced into Representative w. A.
Ayres' campaign for Congress, for
instance, Ku Klux Klan. In some
parts of the district Mr.. Ayres was
accused of belonging to the Klan
and in the localities where the Khan
was strong he was accused of being
a knight of Columbus. One day in
the city of Mcpherson a former sup
uorter accosted Ayres and said, ~I
have always supported you. but can't
do it any longer" On being asked
why, he said, Because you are a
knight of Columbus" Ayres told
him he was not and was not eligible
as he was not member of the
Catholic Church. The voter said. "Oh,
YES, you are. because / got 1t straight.
Yesterday, you have priest for a
nastor." Ayres answered, 80 have.
that's true. My pastor is Rve. Walter
Scott Priest, pastor of the Central
Christian Church. sometimes called
the Campbellites." The voter said,
rHell, belong to that church." and
Ayres said, "Then we must both be
Knights of Columbus
Evening star., 1923-09-16

Next-"Infiation and Defation-Twin
Brothers in Crime"
copyright, 1929, in United states and Great
Britain BY North American Newspaper
Alliance. All rights reseryed.l
Evening star., 1923-09-16

THEODORE w. MOVES. j. Editor
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1923-05-25
CAN GO LONG WITHOUT FOOD
Healthy Human Being, Drinking Plen-
ty Of Water, viii Survive Fast
Of Forty Days.

Some weeks ago pig disappeared
from Its sly on Cornish farm. Search
was made, but the creature could not
be found, and was given up for lost.
Twenty-four days later a man pass
ing an old mineshaft heard something
below, and made "a search. There was
poor piggy, some thirty feet down,
quite unhurt, and 1t was speedily got
out.
1t was thin, but otherwise not a bit
the worse, and at once started feeding
ravenously, says London Answers
II takes long time to starve fat
pig, which can actually lose half Its
weight before 1t dies. Most full-grown
animals can go without food for long
time, and can lose as much as two
ffths of their weight before succumb-
ing. An exception 10 the mole, which
when deprived Of food, starves TO death
In less than 48 hours.
A healthy human being can fast 4C
days If he or she takes plenty Of wa
ter. A case Is on record Of WON
an going 48 days without food, during
which time her weight decreased from
143 to 80 pounds.
Children cannot fast for long with
out fatal consequences. They collapse
after fast Of three to five days, and
lose a quarter Of their weight.
Snakes, Of course, are the champion
fasters. The big python in the zoo
recently went more than two years
without a meal.