davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
LIVING STANDARDS
 ON FARM ARE HIGH
Average Expenditure Is $2,000 Per Year Per
 Family, Inquiry Reveals

WASHINGTON, Oct. 27.-Investiga- tions into the living costs of farmers in different parts of the country have been started by the United States de- partment of agriculture, the results of which are expected to be of value in comparing country and city stand ards of living. and In determining whether farmers get adequate re- turns in comfort; health and enjoy ment from their expenditures. Know ledge of farm standards of living is also needed in the development of educational extension programs, if they are to touch on other phases of agriculture than simply those of pro- duction.
 These inquiries were begun with a study of an area in Livingston county, New York. which was chosen because 1t is typical of moderately successful general farming. It was not desired at the outset to paint a picture too dark or too light. The ultimate ob- living conditions throughout the coun- try, but as this task will necessarily take much time it was thought ad- viSable 70 start with a locality where farming is generally recognized as moderately profitable, and where di- versified farming is the main source of wealth. These conditions are met III A-iNlh obOll COullbSr NEW iOlhs l IIlS area studied produces hay, corn for grain and silage. wheat, oats, beans, cabbage and sweet corn and peas for canning.
 Economists of the department of agriculture co-operated in the inves- tigation with the >New York State college of agriculture at Cornell uni versity. The investigation covered 402 farms. representing about IA per af al her in ha fx- and having an average size of 131 acres. Of the 402 farmers represented in the study, 295 were owners and 107 tenants. The data gathered showed the cost of value of the prin- cipal goods consumed during the l2 month ended September l, 1921. While the results indicated that the area
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
CH|CAGO< IS AFT TER.
 EDITH CONvE ENT|ONS
Not Satisfied With Prospects For G. o. P. ConcIave, She
 Wants Democrats, Too

CHICAGO, Oct. 27.-Believing that one national political convention in a single summer is hardly enough, Chicago, with the republican national convention for 1924 practically as- .sured, is going out after the demo- cratic conclave as we'll
 Leading democratic leaders and business men are preparing a power ful bid for the consideration of their partys national committee, it is learned. There is nothing in the books that prohibits a city from grabbing, off both conventions and New York, which claims the demo- crats have practically promised to accept her hospitality may soon find her open arms only the permanent prospect of an aching void.
 George May Do It.
 The chief reason for Chicago's cop- fidence is George Brennan, who ranks with Charlie Murphy, of New York and Tom Taggart of Indiana as a power in democratic national poli- tics. And if Brennan, Murphy and Taggart get their heads together on the question of where the party shall convene, Brennans word may be de- cisive.
 Murphy and Taggart. in the belief of most political experts. have ratf- CT definite plans in connection with the democratic presidential nomina- tion, while Brennan is suspected of none. Hence, desire on the part of both the Tammany leader and the Indiana leader to bow to Brennan in the preliminaries might swing the convention here.
 George Hull Portel and John F. Bowman of the Chicago Association of Commerce, an organization of red -b1ooded go-getters" and the like, went to Brennan to see what could be done. The idea had been growing on the association for sev- eral weeks.
 Up To Business Men.
 Financially" the astute Brennan is reported to have told them, we can do nothing. Politically. perhaps, a good deal, About $100.000 will have to be raised to bring the convention here. The local democratic organiza- tion, having an administration in power, cannot go out and solicit these funds, but the business men can and should.
 While the business men are rais- ing the money, We'll take care of the political end and I feel certain we can muster enough strength to bring the convention home."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
CO-OPS FOVGHT BY
 4OLD LINE HOUSES
Refusal To Buy CulIS Results In War Between Shippers
 And Commission Men
By ARTHUR F. DEGREVE .agod NNrsuo rv~ rI~a AuaHarnI

tLeaSed Wire To The ASe-herAIo.J
 KANSAS CITY, Mo, Oct. 27.-The establishment of a rival stockers and feeders exchange unless the 34 "old line" commission merchants withdraw their alleged boycott upon co-opera- tive live stock shippers, has been threatened by John G. Brown, presi- dent of the International Five Stock Producers association.
 The directors of the national as- sociation we're called here a few days ago to meet with Chester Morrill,, as sistant secretary of agriculture, in charge Of stock yards administration, and a committee representing the live stock exchange and live stock traders.
 More than 100000 cooperative ship pers from Kansas, Oklahoma Mis- souri. Texas and Nebraska, Brown declared today, have suffered losses totaling nearly a quarter of million dollars in the past month, through the deliberate refusal of the traders to purchase culls.
 Legality Is Questioned.
 Brown charged that the effect upon the cooperative market is materially noticeable and questioned the legal ity of the commission firms in their present action.
 Counsel representing the "old line" members contended that the Kansas City Live Stock Producers associa- tion has the power to regulate the local stock yards. The "co- operatives" charged that by 8 recent act of Con- gress only the agricultural depart ment at Washington, D. C., had this power.
 They were upheld in this belief by Morrill,, who, it Is said, decided that there was some evidence of restraint which must be immediately removed.
 F. H. Simpson, general manager of f4ra brought proof before the committee of the heavy losses suffered by the cooperative shippers through the demoralized market.
 Simpson said that the Kansas City terminal of the Live Stock Producers association was unable to dispose of the few heads of common stock which came in each carload. Because of the alleged boycott now being waged upon them, he pointed out that subsid- iary exchange removed this difficulty of the "old line" firms.
 O O O
 Favors Committee.
 President Brown of the "co-opera- tives" expressed his willingness to the formation of a committee upon which both sides and the government was to be represented. Investigation of conditions similar to the ones exist ing here now would be made by this committee and should there be a dead lock 1t would be referred to the agrt- cultural heads at the capital for set tlement.
 "We a renot desirous of establish ing our own stockers and feeders ex- change" Brown said But We cer- tainly will not condone conditions as they now exist. We will act and act quickly unless something is done i'm mediately.
 Under the present status it vir- tually keeps the farmer from shipping his stock here. He doesn't want to take chance of an unstable market. We do not want him to and do not intend that he shall"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

visited the harbor to see ships of the modern fleet, which his influ- ence had helped to develop.
 Chrysanthemums were dropped on his grave by five army planes that flew to Oyster Bay and then over the Twentieth street home, where a throng had assembled in front to hear through amplifiers the cere- monies inside. Among the aviators was Capt. Charles Nungesser. French ace. who served with Quentin Roose- welt, son of the late President, who was shot down in action in France. More than a thousand Boy Scouts made their fourth annual pilgrim- age to the grave of their former chief scout citizen.
 As truly a savior of the country as was Lincoln. was the estimate of Roosevelt sent the gathering by President Coolidge.
 We Americans have deep cause to be grateful" the Presidents mes- sage said, that 65 years ago today
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28


 age farming conditions, they are not untypical of things in many other | falrly prosperous agricultural com munities, and when supplemented with data gained from Investigations in other regions will furnish useful material for economists and statis- ticians.
 Average Expenditure over S2,OOO.
 Average expenditure by the farm families in question was S2.012 in the 12 months About one-tnird of this sum was provided without direct pur- chase. That is to say it came from food materials and fuel obtained from the farms, from occupancy of the farm home, and from unpaid labor. Expenditure for food was 395 per cent of the total; for clothing 13.S per cent; for health maintenance Al per cen.; for education, church and social activities, recreation, etc, 159 per cent, and for personal items 1.2 per cent.
 The average value of the farm homes was estimated at S2,340. Water was piped into 19.S per cent of the houses. and gas or electric light was found in 2f.6 per cent. These figures are considerably higher than the aver age for New York state as a whole according to the 1920 census. The average value of house furnishings was estimated at $S22 In many houses not all the rooms were in use; no oVercrowdlng was found. On the aver age there were 1 g rooms of all kinds and one bedroom used by each person.
 Apparently the Livingston county families devoted about one-sixth of their income to expenditures for tad vancement," in which category the investigators include travel, vacation trips, automobiles and apparatus and supplies for amateur scientific work, as we'll as formal education and church and social work. The largest single advancement" item was the cost of operating and repairing the automobile. This figure averaged s65. Cars were owned by 304 or 75.6 per cent of the farmers included in the study. The 1920 census gives BOT per cent as the average number of farmers owning automobiles throughout the country. Next to ex- penditure for automobiles, the lar gest item under advancement" was contributions to church expenditure, which averaged $40 a family.
 Money for Education Runs Low.
 Expenditure for education, which included the cost of tuition. books, board, lodging and travel. was sac, or 1.S per cent of the total. In 30.3 per cent of 165 families with children IS years or older, at least one child had finished the high school in 294 per cent of 92 families having chil- dren 23 years or older, at least one child had been to college fer one year or more. It was noted that the better educated heads of families spent more money, and larger pro- portion of their income, for the less immediate needs, and were living in better homes. In 45.S per cent of the families, however neither the man nor the woman had remained in school beyond the eighth grade. Those who had been through one or more years of college comprised 2.5 per cent of the heads of families. About one-eighth of the younger generation of 23 years or over had passed at least tive years in college. Clothing expenditure. it was found,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

that Theodore Roosevelt, half of the north, half of the south, a son of the east, and adopted son of the west, came to this nation to shape it's destinies in a critical hour. Roosevelt, like Lincoln, was in a true sense a preserver of our na- tional unit. Lincoln saved from sec tional cleavage, Roosevelt saved us from class cleavage.
 So swiftly at times does the true word, courageously spoken, establish itself, that today we have almost forgotten there was a time when the regulation of corporations seemed to many minds unnecessarily radical He spoke stern words when needed without fear and without fla vor. We are united nation; we will remain a united nation. It was Roosevelt who taught that unjusti- fled discontent finds no Judgement Tn a nation where the discomfort that is justified secures a prompt remedy"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
ROOSEVELT HOME
 MADE J. $. SHRINE
Coolidge Likens TT. R." To Lincoln In Message
 Sent Admirers

NEW YORK, Oct. 27.-The fine old colonial mansion in which Theo- dore Roosevelt was given to the na- tion, half hidden now by the office buildings that tower above it at 2S East Twentieth street. was conse- crated on his birthday today as national shrine of American patriot ism
 While small group of disciples of the Great American listened in his restored birthplace to the words of men who had known him well, thousands of Navy Day celebrators
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
---------4s- PUNCTUATION

Arbitrary signs used to indicite parses in writing were used as early as the fourth century B. c. A mark to indicate paragraph was the earliest to be used. First attempts to establish marks of punctuation were made by Aristophanes Of Greece and Aristarchus. Most of the signs and rules of modern punctua- tion were formulated by Aldus Manu-
 tius G450-1515), a Venetian printer.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
NEGRO CHARGED WITH ASSAULT

Nose Hall. negro, 1913 Avenue c, was placed in the city jail late Sat- urday night by City Detectives Peaveler and Moser charged with as- sault upon his 1O-year- r-old step daughter. Annie Pearl Hall. at ' o'clock Saturday night at the resi- dence. It is alleged that this is the second attack of this nature made hY Hall this week.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
DEATHS

Charles Cooper-Remains of Charles Cooper, infant son of MT. and Mrs. William Cooper, who died Friday night at a local infirmary, were sent to Palos, Ala, Saturday after noon by Lige Eoy for interment. stephen Snnguintti-Funeral services for stephen Sanguinetti, II, pi- oneer Italian merchant and farmer of Shades Valley, who died Friday afternoon at his residence, will be held at ? o'clock Sunday after noon from the residence, followed by interment in Union Hill ceme- tery, with Lige Loy in charge. He is survived by his widow and five daughters: Mrs. Elizabeth Tedeskl, and Mrs. Emily Pickard of Birming- ham; Mrs. Ella Mazza of Nashville and Miss Edith and Miss Pauline Sanguinetti of Shades Valley. Pall- bearers will be s. R. Batson, Bert Holcombe, Fred Bender, Mack Dearden. F.. C. Letchman and Will liam Frankie.
 Charles ZwalI-Funeral services for Charles Zwall, 46, who died late Friday night at the residence, 1921 Huntsville avenue will be held Sunday from the residence followed by interment in Elmwood ceme- tery with Lige Loy in charge. Mrs. Emily AIaughOn HoIt-Remains of Mrs. Emily Moughon Holt, 75. who died at 4:30 o'clock Saturday afternoon at the residence, 33O4 Twelfth avenue, Norwood, will be sent to Macon. Ga, by Johns for interment Monday. She is survived by three daughters, Mrs. Frank Keller of Macon, Mrs. Olive Hoff- man of New York a- Miss Lilly Holt of Birmingham; two sons, Leroy Holt, of Birmingham, and Thad Holt of Dora; three brothers, w. S. and Thomas Moughon, of birmingham, and Jordon Moughon, of Haddock, la; two sisters, Mrs. Phil Banner, of Tallapoosa, Ga., and Mrs. Ruth Unzicker, of Stan ton, Va,
 William II. Kidd-Remains of Will liam H. Kidd who died Friday aft ernoon at the residence, 1928 Twentieth street, will be sent to Vincent, Ala, at o'clock Sunday morning by Johns for interment. Edward ,. parson-Remains of Ed-- ward c. Parson, 24, who died Fri day at a local infirmary, was sent to Boston, Mass, Saturday morning by Johns for interment, following funeral services at 9 o'clock in toms chape1.
 Mrs. Bell E. Foster-Remains of Mrs. Bell F. Foster, who died Friday morning at a local infirmary, were sent to Harrisburg, Miss, at 10:30 o'clock Saturday morning by Rid out for interment.
 Mrs. E. Y. MOOre-Funeral services for Mrs. E. T.. Moore, 35, who died Friday afternoon at a local in firmary, will be held at 2 o'clock Sunday afternoon from the resi- dence, 2321 Thirty-second street, north followed by interment in Elmwood cemetery with Brown in charge
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
Es7-77--- HELD ON SUSPICION

Jim Williams, negro, alias Jerry Davis, was arrested Saturday night by Detectives Williamson and Elledge in Alley c at Twenty fourth street and placed in the city jail on a hold ing charge. Officers believe Williams is the negro who shot and killed a white man in Columbus. Ga, during 1921. Detailed description of the negro was sent to Columbus author itiAS
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
NOT DRAGGING

Tess-My. but I was in an embar- rassng position yesterday
 Jess-Aha?
 Tess-Yes, I had to rescue from drowning the man who was teaching me to swim.-New York Sun and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
NOT FAMILIAR ENOUGH

Toucher-Happen to have any John about you, old man
 Tompkins-What do you mean "John?"
 Toucher--I am not familiar enough with it to j-call it "jack."-Boston Transcript.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
ENOUGH

What do you do when your hus- band complains about bills?"
 'Threaten to wear some of my last years dresses with short skirts.''- Judge.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28
RuaL Livestock Exchange I Kansas City CdttIe Boycott
TO DEDICATE ROOSE'

TO DEDICATE ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL Hammond bow president Women's dedicated Roosevelt IIouey yesterday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

Charles ZwalI-Funeral services for Charles Zwall, 46, who died late Friday night at the residence, 1921 Huntsville avenue, will be held Sunday from the residence followed by interment in Elmwood ceme- tery with Lige Loy in charge.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

studied represents better than aver age farming conditions, they are not
 untypical of things in many other fairly prosperous agricultural com
 munities, and when supplemented
 with data gained from Investigations in other regions will furnish useful
 material for economists and statis- ticians.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

Edward :. parson-Remains of Ed-- ward c. Parson, 24, who died Fri day at a local infirmary, was sent to Boston, Mass, Saturday morning by Johns for interment, following funeral services at o'clock ir Johns chapel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

Mrs. Bell E. Foster-Remains of Mrs. Bell F. Foster, who died Friday morning at a local infirmary, were sent to Harrisburg, Miss, at 10:3O o'clock Saturday morning by Rid out for interment.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-10-28

William II. Kidd-Remains of Will liam H. Kidd who died Friday aft ernoon at the residence 1928 Twentieth street, will be sent to Vincent, Ala, at o'clock Sunday morning by Johns for interment,
Evening star., 1923-02-14
New Building Needed.

The commissioner Of internal rev.
enue has advised the public buildings
commission that If the internal rev.
enue bureau could be housed in an
adequate building. instead Of in eight
buildings and parts of buildings, the
government would probably save ST.
100000 a year. The commissioner
urges that his bureau be housed in a
building Of its own to contain about
100000 square feet, the cost Of which
he estimates at $4,000 900. 1t is an old
argument, and a sound one, that the
government can conduct its business
better and cheaper in a building suited
to the purpose. The bureau of internal
revenue is in a particularly bad way in
that its force and offices are scattered
about the city. Ever since the govern
ment came to the District of Columbia
it's building operations have Jagged far
behind its needs. It has generally
taken a good many years Of clamor
and reports to get Congress to provide
a building in which a government de-
partment or bureau might conduct it's
affairs with a semblance of order and
economy. It Is hoped that the commits
sioner Of internal revenue may make
a record in getting for his bureau the
building it needs.
Evening star., 1923-02-14
Washington's National Taxes.

The charge is sometimes made that
Washington and the Washingtonians
have contributed nothing toward the
public buildings and grounds of the
capital.
The original public buildings and
grounds, as everybody knows, were
paid for out of the proceeds of the
sale of Washington lots donated to the
government by Washingtonians. In
effect, the federal government thus
paid nothing for the parks and public
buildings of the original city. The
streets were the direct gift of the orig
inal Washingtonians.
The Washington Monument was
thus built upon ground in effect donat.
ed by Washingtonians and erected to
the height of over $50 feet by private
subscriptions in which Washingtonians
participated.
1t is inaccurate to say that the Dis
trict of Columbia has contributed
nothing toward the cost of modern
public buildings and grounds paid for
out Of national funds. The residents
of the District of Columbia pay ma
tional taxes precisely on the same
basis as other Americans. For this
purpose and for the purpose of fight
ing as soldiers in defense of the flag,
they are Americans, to the same ex-
tent as the citizens of any state.
WashingtOnians. instead of contrib
uting little or nothing toward capital
upbuilding and adornment, have given
(D the ground from the proceeds Of
the sale of which as lots the original
public parks were secured and all the
original public buildings were erected
and for many years maintained and
developed; (2) the broad streets and
avenues of the capital, constituting
more than One-half of the original city;
(3) nearly all the cost of municipal
1874-8, and since that time One-half,
and now so per cent, of such cost, and
(4 from the very beginning down to
the present day Washingtonians have
contributed to the national funds used
for the development of the nations
city on the same basis as other Ameri-
cans, and In amount per capita far
more than the average American out.
side of Washington.
The fact that the people Of the Dis
trict Of Columbia contribute on equal
terms with the people Of the states to-
ward all national taxes, and that it Is
their money as much as the money Of
the people of any state which Is spent
in national development of the nations
city, in payment Of salaries of repre-
sentatives, senators and President, or
for any other national purpose, is often
overlooked.
Evening star., 1923-02-14
Washington Auditorium.

The District Commissioners have is
sued a permit for the erection of the
Washington Auditorium, on which the
foundation work has been in progress
for some time. A great building will
soon be set before the eyes Of Wash
ington and the country in the block
between New York avenue and 18th
and f streets, in that old-new section
of the city west of 18th street and
south of the Avenue. The matter of
q structure appropriate in design and
location and suitable for large conven-
tions and other great gatherings of
people has been discussed for thirty or
forty years. Perhaps if the records
were searched it would be found that
the discussion of the subject began
further back than that. Here we are
on the eve of the construction of such
a building. Washington city has grown
up to the idea, and all the people offer
their best wishes to the Washington
Auditorium and the corporation which
is erecting it.