davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Mussolini's Challenge

Italy has forced the situation to the
point of actual warfare by seiZing the
Island of Corfu. which is Grecian ter
ritory. and announcing that it will be
held until Greece is ready to make full
reparation for the Albanian murders.
Meanwhile the league Of nations be-
gins to function to avert conflict.
Greece has filed a plea with the coun-
Gil at Geneva, and it will be considered
today. Mussolini undoubtedly de
signed the Corfu seizure with the view
of facing the league with an accom-
pliShed fact, rather than u paper ulti-
matum.
At Rome an official statement issues
to the effect that the occupation of
Corfu is not IAN act of war" but is
only designed to safeguard the prestige
of Italy, and to manifest her un-
shakable determination to obtain rep
aration due her in conformity with
custom and international law" This
remarkable announcement sets up the
proposition that it is usual for a ma
tion to go TO war tirst-despite the dis
claimer that a bombardment and forci-
BILE taking of another powers terri
tory is not an act of war-and that
such an action is in conformity
with custom" 1t was precisely that
idea entertained by Germany in 1914
that brought about the greatest dis
aster in the history of mankind.
Fight first and arbitrate afterward
IS evidently Mussolnis formula of
government. But Italy is a member of
the league of nations. There was moth
ing to be lost through delay. If the
Albanian killings We're crimes against
Italy, and if Greece was responsible
for them, the means of compelling
reparation and apology We're at hand
in the international tribunal at
Geneva. Thus the attack upon Corfu,
which caused the death of fifteen peo-
pie and a heavy loss of property,
would appear as. in effect. an Italian
attack upon the league of nations as
well as upon Greece. If that WIS not
warfare, what constitutes hostilities?
Were this matter strictly between
Greece and Italy there would be much
less ground for anxiety than now pre-
walls. But such Il conflict cannot
easily be restrained within the initial
limits. Jugoslavia is alert to take ad-
vantage of any opportunity TO gain re
Venge upon Italy for the seizure-vir-
tually that. despite final international
approbative aCtion-of the Dalmatian
shore and the retention of Fiume.
Greece may not be cordially liked by
her immediate neighbors east of the
Aegean, but Italy is cordially disliked
by them all.
Thus Italy, by her action in seizing
Corfu. challenges Greece, the league
and the Balkan states. Mussolini, with
wonderful record of domestic
achievements in the restoration of
order and good government in Italy,
has become Napoleonic in his foreign
relations.
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Utah Blocks the Road.

Although the Mohave desert is a
long way from the nations Capital it
is rapidly assuming the spotlight in
national road-building affairs through
controversy between the Lincoln High.
way Association and the state of Utah
over the selection of the best highway
west from Salt Lake City.
The Mohave desert, with its 400
miles of frightful heat, will, for some
years to come, confront every Ameri.
can transcontinental tourist passing
through Salt Lake City. solely because
the state of Utah has repudiated its
contract with the association to build
a direct road from that city west to
the Nevada line.
In 1913 the association, in an enthu.
siastic attempt to have it's transcon-
tinental highway completed at the
earliest possible moment, gave to
Utah the sum of $125, 900 under con.
tract signed by the attorney general of
that state. This money was to be used
in conjunction with funds to be fur.
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Relations Fully Restored.

BY the simplest means, and without
much ceremony, the cordial relations
between the United States and Mexico,
interrupted for three years, have been
renewed. Announcement is made that
as result of conferences held at the
city of Mexico from May IA to August
Is the two governments have resolved
to re-establish diplomatic relations
and, pending the appointment of am
bassadors, their respective charges
d'affaires will be accredited.
This ends a situation that has been
embarrassing and fraught with the
possibilities of misunderstanding and
trouble. In point of fact there has
been free communication between the
two governments throughout the
period. Views have been constantly
exchanged. and the respective in
terests have been scrupulousIy re-
spected. But there was lack Of the
outward and visible and specific means
of intercourse in the persons at the
two capitals of fully credentialed en-
voys. AS long as that situation exist
ed there was danger of dispute and
rupture.
The United States and Mexico have
every reason to remain on the most
friendly basis. In the recent past the
governments at Mexico City have not
always been we'll disposed toward the
United States. During the long regime
of Porfirio DiaZ there was little or no
trouble. His successors. however. did
not fully recognize the rights of Amer
leans. and seemed at times to seek
ground for. quarrel. Revolutionary
American rights which the govern
ment was not disposed, or was un-
able. to remedy.
Since the accession of Obregon to
authority a marked change has come
in Mexican affairs. The executive, con-
tident of the good faith of the United
States toward Mexico has enCoura ged
overtures for renewal of relations, and
the satisfa actOry outcome of the nego-
tiations just announced is largely due
Thus the restoration of relations is a
tribute to the sound judgment of the
Mexican executive.
Full diplomatic relations with Mex
leo will permit the setting up of
agencies for the clearance of all dis
puted points between the govern
ments There are mutual claims to be
examined and satisfied. There are con-
tracts to be guaranteed. There are re-
sponsibilities to be determined. When
all these matters are settled-and
there is no present reason to doubt
their early settlement-both Mexico
and the United States will gain in
prosperity through the establishment
of mutual and reciprocal interests.
This adjustment is an achievement
which reflects credit upon both sides.
1t should go far toward demonstrating
to all of the South and Central Ameri
can states that the United States is
friendly toward them, and has no
sinister purposes for its advancement
at their cost.
Evening star., 1923-09-01

nished by the state to complete seven
teen miles across the flats due west
from Salt Lake OSty. This stretch,
which was then, and is now, the only
barrier to through traffic west to Ely,
New, and thence to either northern
or southern California. was accepted
at that time by both parties to the
contract.
Until 1921 Utah kept her agreement.
Then, evidently believing that rich
transcontinental traffic would leave
more money within her borders if it
was routed circuitously through the
state. che fatty refused to finish the
completed, and decided to ask for fed
eral aid on propose 8 l. orthern route,
which will take much time and money
to render serviceable. In the mean
time all tourist traffic is routed on the
Arrowhead trail, passing through the
Mohave desert to California.
The whole matter was brought be-
fore the Secretary of Agriculture,
| who, after hearing from representa-
tives Of all interests in the affair, de-
| cided that Utah could ask federal aid
| on the proposed northern route and
abandon the Lincoln highway. This
means that the Lincoln way, instead
of connecting the Atlantic and the Pa
cific with first-class roadway, is now
| doomed to be road from New York
to Salt Lake City.
1t is misfortune that one state
! should place itself in the selfish posi-
! ton of holding up development on u
| transcontinental highway designed to
| benefit the people of all the states.
The Lincoln highway is one of the
| first and best of cross-country high.
| ways. 1t is to be hoped that the gov
| ernment can find some way out of the
condition. and make IL possible for the
American people to travel on a good,
| through and direct transcontinental
| road III the very near future.
Evening star., 1923-09-01
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN

Q. What do the three figures in
the Dupont Memorial Fountain stand
form. w.
A. The three female figures of
the Dupont fountain are representa-
tive of the sea, the wind and the
stars.
@. Why are twenty-one guns fired
for the presidential or national sa-
lute?-G. H. ].
A. The origin of the custom of fir
ing twenty-one guns has been traced
as follows: Originally warships fired
salute of seven guns, the number
seven being selected because of its
mystical significance from antiquity.
Although the salute at sea was seven
guns, shore batteries were allowed to
f1re three guns to the ships one.
The reason for this was that sodium
nitrate was largely used in the man
spoiled at sea, but could be very
readily kept on land. The multiplier
three was selected probably because
! of It's symbolism. With the devel-
opment of the manufacture of pow
der, the number of guns for the in
| ternatiOnal naval salute was made TO
correspond with that of the land
forces. on August IS, 1875. reso-
luton adopted by the United States
provided that salutes be returned gun
for gun. At this time the British
/ salute was already twenty-one guns.
therefore, this number was accepted
by the United States.
@. Can a fat person float easier
! than d lean personal. II.
a. A fat person floats easier than
a lean person. for the reason that
adipose tissue is lighter than that
! part of flesh which consists principally
of muscle without fat.
@. Who was the youngest Presi-
dent?-H. B. NJ.
a. Theodore Roosevelt had that dis
tinction. He lacked IL month of being
forty three years of age when inaugu-
rated.
Q. Why are the days longer than
the nights at the equator?-L. McP.
A The Naval Observatory says that
at the equator, from sunrise to sunset
is seven or eight minutes more than
twelve hours. Owing to the effect OF
the earth's atmosphere in bending tho
suns rays, owing, also, to sensible
width Of the suns disk. Il little more
than one-half of the equator is al
ways illuminated and "A little less than
one-half is always in darkness.
Q. How many Pullman cars are
there M. NJ.
A. The Interstate Commerce Com
mission says that the total number OF
Pullman cars in service at the close OF
December, 1921. was 1926; leased oil
otherwise acquired, &c; making q
grand total of 1852.
Q. How should fir trees be trans
lplanted?-A. NJ.
A. The forest service says that the
proper time for transplanting pine
trees and evergreens is in September
Trimming is not necessary, but spe.
cial care should be taken in regard tc
| the roots When the roots are dug vi
| a large ball of earth should be taken
| UP with them.
Q. Who invented twin beds?-G
L. c.
| A. Sheraton built the first twin
| beds, and also the first roll-top desk.
| Q. What are the dimensions of ice
| bergs?-A. 7. c.
1 A. There are no complete statistics
| available concerning the size of ice.
bergs. They have been known to b,
! from 200 to 800 feet above the sea
| level and to have an entire height OF
| from 700 to 1000 feet. In the Ken
nedy channel, Greedy followed an ice
! berg which was estimated to bt
Evening star., 1923-09-01

tion to the art Of killing men by
wholesale. Loaded for business it
weighs twenty tons, carries 1000 gall
Ions OF gas. has a wing spread of 120
lift a 10.000-pound bomb if one of
that weight can be developed. This
man made bird is a creature of prey
or creature Of defense, according to
the way its owners use It," Which
must, as the Richmond News-Leader
views the outlook, make the war god
laugh on Olympus. Restrictions on
the character and size of warships
that may be built, no limits and the
keenest competition in constructing
vast aerial fieets-is it not enough to
make jingoes mock the solemn pro
tests of government that they are
seeking ways of peace? In shifting
the competition from the sea to the
air the powers have substituted
wholesale for retail killing and have
dred-fold larger than 1t was. This is
the grim, heart-sickening truth"
X X \ X
1t is the commercial aspect, however,
that appeals to the Boston Transcript
which paper, commenting on the mail
flight. insists ut takes but little
imagination to see the gain to busi-
ness and industry that will follow the
establishment of a regular TWENTY
eight-hour mail delivery between New
York and San Francisco. The gain
will be as great as that which Amer
i lea and Britain enjoyed when steam
ships took the place of sailing vessels
as carriers of the international mails"
TINS % Is also the view Of the Duluth
ing the old shackles of time and
space. and the marvel Of 1t grows.
Who shall set limit on it,? The
inevitable closer relationship be-
tween wee ,eos the distant parts Of the coun-
as something worthy of extreme en-
phasis because 1t will bring persons
as well as ideas into much closer con-
tact" Proved successful, as it has
is needed now is the extension of the
service. The next Congress- should
provide literally for extending the
| aerial mail service.
X X X X
Reverting back to the merely mill
tary aspect, however, the Burlington
Free Press points out the Sending of
twenty De Haviland scouts and twelve
giant Martin bombers from Virginia
to the aviation field at Bangor, a
distance Of f. 7ao miles; in daylight,
force and its readiness to strike sea
coast line. With oceans on three
sides of our country, the aerial bomb
er has become one Of our most effec-
tive means OF national defense, espe-
| cially at long distance. Indeed, aerial
developments are leading the japanese
to claim that they were put to q dis
advantage by the failure of the Wash
lfngton disarmament conference to in
iclude aircraft in the limitations put
upon agencies Of warfare" The Mil
Iwaukee Journal entertains similar
\ views, insisting nations are looking
to airships as a first line Of defense
Great Britain is planning a super
Zeppelin service-passengers, goods
and mail-between all continents
These commercial planes would be
convertible to military purposes. The
nation that does not keep abreast of
air development when there is still nc
guarantee of peace petween nations
may be crimlnally negligent
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Aerial Feats Show Advance
OF the Nations Air Service

Success of the Post Office Depart
ments fast transcontinental air mail
service accompanied in the same dis
patches by the report from Dayton of
the successful flight OF the giant Bar
ling bomber. both achievements COM
ing on top of the fight along the
northeastern coast line from Hamp-
ton, Va, to Bangor, Me, in eight hours.
of the squadron of naval bombers which
easily could have destroyed large
parts Of Philadelphia, New York and
Boston en- route. has once more
thrown the spotlight of public opin-
ion on the military and commercial
possibilities of air travel.
The surface has hardly been
scratched in the verdict. Yet through
the entire discussion of these truly
great achievements by the editorial
opinion of the country is evident a
note of complaint. America should
lead the world in aviation in every
way. it is declared. Because of lack
of money to develop the Army, Navy
comparison along ordinary lines gives
the wreath to Europe, and more es-
pecially to France and England, now
engaged in a race for air supremacy
which dwarfs all armament races of
the past.
The wonderful result achieved in
three experiments emphasizes once
more that the marvellous has become
commonplace within the memory of
little more than a generation. 1t was
in May, 1910, that Glenn H. Curtiss
managed flight from Albany to New
and fuel for the 142 miles. That
same year. in September, Charlie
Hamilton flew from New York to
Philadelphia without a stop. What
forth admittedly battles belief.
X X X X
The flight Of the Darling bomber
rather than the air mail test i'm
presses the Kansas City Journal as
1.-The most gruesome, but none the
less essential, phase of aviation" al
though the two combine the COM
mercial and the military, and neither
can be ignored" All three of the
achievements mentioned impress the
Buffalo News as showing aviation in
America stands ready for new devel-
opments," while the Lynchburg News
| insists what is now looked upon as
utterly fanciful and freakish conjec-
ture will be translated into the form
and substance of actuality." The mail
Times Star to recall the flight Of the
| pony express which flashed like q
rocket over the west and then sank
into darkness between April, 1850
and August, 1861" when for S. hall
ounce telegram sent from Washing
ton to ST. Joseph. Mo-, could be de-
livered by pony ten days afterward
! in San Francisco" 1t is a big step
from the pony express to the "twen-
| ty-eight-hour mail service between
New York and San Francisco" adds
the Salt Lake City Deseret News
, which also recalls the pony was ac-
claimed as having done more for CIV
| flization than was done by mailed
warriors in conQuering the Monte
zumas."
THE air mail triumph merits all
| concentrations" says the st. Pau
| Pioneer Press, although the Cleveland
Plain Dealer sees in the Bariine
! bomber "civilixatien's latest contribu-
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Hard Coal Mining Ceases.

Negotiations and perSuaSions having
failed, the anthracite miners have laid
down their tools and walked out of
the mines. The strike is on. Produc-
tion of hard coal ceases today and the
public must wait for it's supply.
Heretofore. with the contract year
beginning April 1, strike by the an
and seriously affected the consumers
for there has been always a chance
for settlement and resumption of min
ing in season to provide the necessary
stock for the winter USE Save in 1902
these disturbances have not caused
any distress outside Of the anthracite
region. In that year the public well
fare was seriously menaced, and Presi-
dent Roosevelt took a hand and COM
PEELED settlement and the resump-
tion of mining. Owing to the peculiar
conditions of the strike last year the
contract period was changed, and now
the arrangement expires just. on the
eve of the coal-using season.
Hope is still entertained that an
agreement may be effected within a
few days, as a result of the continued
efforts of Gov. Pinchot, who has re-
duced the controversy to its lowest
terms and proposed concessions by
both sides that may work out into at
least provisional arrangement where
by coal can be mined pending definite
and final settlement.
Tuesday is looked upon as the day
when some step may be taken in this
direction. Owing to the fact that La
Dor day comes So quickly after the
suspension of work, these few days of
idIeness are considered as virtually a
holiday. After Labor, day the serious
nass Of the situation is likely to be-
Evening star., 1923-09-01

, fifteen miles long. over loo feet thick
! and of unknown breadth. The ice
| berg which destroyed the Titanic was
| 100 feet above the water and almost
mile long.
Q. Why won't helium burn
! p. l.. G.
| A. 1t is chemically inert, not unit
ing with any other chemical element.
For this reason helium cannot be
! burned.
Q. How do carrier pigeons deter
mine the direction home when they
apparently have nothing to guide
| them?-G. p. $.
A. The Department of Agriculture
says that there Is a great difference OF
opinion on this subject. Some scien
! lists think it is purely a matter Of in
! stinct. while others think II is com
bination of keen eyesight and in
StinCt.
@. How many instruments arr
there in Il symphony orchestra?-H
w.
, A. There are usually sixty pieces in
| a symphony orChc cStra. These inStru-
mentS are: First and second violins
{ violas, vioonceilos. contrabasses, flutes,
! oboes, bassoons, clarinets, horns, trum-
pets, trombohes, tympani, cymbals and
| triangles.
Q. How many men are there in the
| New York state mounted police ?
A. NJ
| A. There are six troops Of 58 off
| GERS and men, or d total Of 34s men IN
the service.
| @. Who wrote the words to Amer
| lea the Beautiful?"-D. u. G..
A. Katherine Lee Bates, Il Welles-
ley College professor, is the author
of the poem.
| Q. What year did elevated trains
start to run in Chicago?-E. +.
A. The Chicago Chamber Of Com
mcrcc says that the first elevated
! railroad built in Chtcag" was the
! South Side elevated railroad. 1t be
gan operation OH June &, lS92, with
| steapr locomotives. The steam loco
motives were abandoned and electric
| operation was substituted April -.
1896.
@. What is the salary of Gen.
| Pershing a. 7.
A. Gen. Pershing has the same basic
salary that Gen. Grant received
S1J.5G0. While Gen. Pershing was III
France his allowances amounted to
about $4,000. AT present his allow
ahces are about $4,000.
Q. Can burglar be convicted by
1
with him on the job?-F. *. &.
a. 1t is the law in some states and
the rule of practice in others that d
jury shall not convict upon the un-
corroborated testimony of an accom-
plice.
| G. What is the House of Everlast-
ing Fire?-A. NJ. p.
| A. The pit Of kalemaumau. in the
| crater of the volcano of Kilauea, on
the Island of Hawaii, has been called
the House of Everlasting Fire.
Q. When were imitation gems first
made M. A. l..
\. While there is no record Of the
time that limitations of precious
stones were first made, they were
well known at the beginning of the
Christian era. Modern examination
has shown that many of the famous
gems of antiquity were limitations.
(The star Information Bureau 1ciu
duStceT your question. Gire pour full
name and address so that the in
formation may be sent direct. and
iHctOse , cents in stamps for return
postage. address your inquiry to The
star Information Bureau. Frederic
| j. HdSkin. Director, 1920 North Cap
\ HOl Street)
Evening star., 1923-09-01

An increase of wages to coal miners
without increase of price to the con-
sumer is mentioned as a part of the
Pinchot plan for coal-strike settle
ment. The operators familiar chorus.
I'm spite of our wishes it cannot be
number on the program
Evening star., 1923-09-01
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHII4ASDER JOHNSON
Melancholy Days.

Melancholy Days.
The melancholy days draw near.
They are the saddest of the year:
At least that's what Il poet wrote
Whom people still delight TO quote.
The days are bright with golden sun;
We gather fruits by labor won,
And splendid colors greet the gaze
These are not melancholy days.
But Mister Man in discomfort
Stops for lengthy argument,
And with new troubles brings along
The melancholy autumn song.
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Scientific Observation.

"You never hear of a sea serpent
any more" remarked the seashore
visitor.
Maybe they're out yonder, just the
sams," answered the hotel clerk. 1.-TWO
or three scientists were here looking
for them. But the bathing costumes
seemed to prevent them from looking
attentively beyond the first line Of
breakers"
Evening star., 1923-09-01

The vitality of German industry in
by the important part big business is
taking in the adjustment of foreign
relations.
Evening star., 1923-09-01

Italy looks to Greece for an indem-
nifty of 5O,oO0,o0O lire for the frontier
massacre. Europe is developing a
system of financial obligations which
grows more and more complicated.
Evening star., 1923-09-01

The President Of Germany claims
tactful avoidance of any self-assertion
which might only serve to complicate
matters.
Evening star., 1923-09-01

Turkey, having struck oil. is regard
ed in diplomatic circles as assuming
the arrogances that occasionally dis
tinguish the newly rich.
Evening star., 1923-09-01

A 10 per cent increase in pay for
the miners with no increase of price
to the consumer, represents one of
the hardest problems in anthracite
arithmetic.
Evening star., 1923-09-01
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia.
All Other States.
Member OF the Associated Press.

The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled
TO the use for republication Of all news dis
patches credited TO il or not otherwise credited
In this paper am. Also the local pub
Hshed herein. All rights of publication OF
special dispatches herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1923-09-01

German industry intimates that it
is time to quit printing paper cur
rency and get to earning real money.
Evening star., 1923-09-01

Philadelphia is the City Of Brother
" Love, but it is only an hours ride
to Atlantic City, where operators and
miners discuss their differences
Evening star., 1923-09-01

The Supreme Court speaks with un-
questioned authority, but does not al
ways speak quick enough to meet the
demands of a rather rapid age.