davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1923-12-06
POWER AND ROADS
ARE RELATED
Electrified Farms To Follow The
Highways

The proposed Giant power system
of Pennsylvania and the "Superpower
system" OF the Atlantic seaboard, have |
an intimate relation with highways de- |
velopment, which the proponents OF
such systems are now considering as
of very great Importance.
Hard roads offer solution to this
problem OF the development of rural
power lines which are to be under
ground since such conduits naturally
follow the hard roads for many rea-
sons; the need of easy access for re-
pairs and additions, and the growing
necessity to light the highway being
among the greatest. The engineering
problem Is now i'll process of solution
in road and electrical laboratories
The farmer is demanding electric
power, and with reason, for statistics
show that he can be supplied at
price which is wholly an economic
possibility.
Governor Pinchot in an article on
the subject of the giant power survey
tor Pennsylvania, notes that I'm On
tario, where the Canadians have ex-
pended more than $200,000,000 in
utilizing Niagara's water power, the
Government finds it possible to supply
current TO farms at rates which are
making its introduction quite general
throughout the province. This power
is used for domestic purposes, cooking
cleaning, washing, and ironing =
and for purely farm purposes, such as
milking, churning, pumping, and for
thrashing.
There was a time not so long ago
when the farmers ideal was to own
homestead free of mortgage He is
no longer satisfied with that. He
knows that the country can not pros
per unless he prospers He feels that
he and his wife and children are en-
titled to as many of the advantages of
modern life as the folks who live in
the city. He wants to have his farm
as fully equipped with labors saving
machinery as the best modern factory.
He wants to be able to use his brains
for something better than chores. He
wants to share in the benefits of the
electrical age. He and his wife want
an electrically equipped farm. And
nothing is more certain than that in
the end he is going to have it.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1923-12-06

each and ali cnphatically state that
"all political power is INHERENT
in the PEOPLE, AID Governments
! derive their just powers from the
! CONSENT OF the governed.
The spectacle OF a Judge having
such power to inflict summary pun
/ ishment for Constructive Contempt
! is NECESSARY to- their very exist
cncc, when the Supreme Court OF the
United States has been bitterly criti
ciscd for many OF its decisions, no.
table, the Income Tax cases, the In
suar cases, the bred Scott and nu-
mcrOus other decisions and tor
more than century that court sat
silently ic the face OF those attacks
and criticisms and has never seen TIT
to invoke The so-callcd power OF pun
ishng for Constructive Contempt
OF their court, thus proving that the
So called reason OF NECESSITY is
TO reason at all.
The PEOPLE ALONE in whom
all political power is INHERENT
have never delegated any more right
to the JUDICIARY to punish for
Constructive Contempt than they
have delegated such right to the
EXECUTIVE or LEGISLATIVE
branches of our Government.
Only some reactionary Judges
haye insolcntly usurped such kingly
prerogative,
This outrageous usurpation as
cvinccd by Judge layers decision
in sentencing Comptroller Craig, will
undoubtedly hasten the end OF this
intolerablc deSpotism which is SO
repugnant to the spirit of American
institutions.
Not Pleasant For
Mr.. Craig. But
1t is without doubt not a pleasant
pastme for Mr. Craig to spend sixty
days in ja;l-but it would doubtless
arouse the people OF America to the
dangers OF such Judicial" usurpa-
ton, and they will either make an
end to it thru an ACT OF CON
GRESS or resort to more revolu-
tionary method OF enforcing THEIR
INHERENT RIGHT to elect their
Federal Judges and subject them to
a popular recall whenever they deem
these judges have become usurpcrs.
TIL present system of a Judge sum-
marily Furnishing for Constructive
Contempt is unfair and un-American.
In these contempt cases, the accus-
ed is hailed into court without an in
dictment by any Grand Jury.
He is denied every safeguard that
is thrown around even the most dan
gerous criminal.
He is denied a trial by an unbiased
petit jury.
He is denied the presumption OF
innocence that always is Afforded to
the accused in any case.
He is not allowed the right of con-
fronting or cross-examining any wit
nesses against him.
He is denied the right to a trial be-
fore a DISINTERESTED Judge.
He is denied the right to prove the
truth of the criticism.
He is denied the right to prove
GOOD MOTIVES or JUSTIFIA
BILE ENDS in the matter of the publ
cation.
He is not allowed to prove any
thing that is displeasing to the ear o
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1923-12-06
ROADS MAINTAINED BY
COUNTY COOPERATION
One Solution Of Keeping Highway In
Condition

Counties in Wisconsin took over
the maintenance of their roads on
May |, 1918 The State commits
sioner established nine divisions in
the State, each having about eight
counties. A resident engineer is in
charge of each division, under him
corps OF assistants, who maintain,
mark, and sign their territory, visit
the patrolmen twice month, and re-
port each visit by card to the main
office. In 1922 the commission at
Madison received reports of l0,o40
visits. Three members of the county
board supervise road work, and
county highway commissioner is also
elected to have charge of all road con-
struction and maintenance work in his
county.
Wisconsin has both team patrol and
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1923-12-06
AN EXHILARATING EFFECT

A bottle of Herbine ON the shelf at
home is like having a doctor in the
house all the time. 1t gives instant
relief when the digestion gets out of
order or the bowels fail to act One or
two doses is all that is necessary to-
start .hings moving and restore that
fine feeling of exhilaration and buoy
ancy of spirits which belongs only to
perfect health. Price 60c Sold by T.
J. Halle & Co. adv
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1923-12-06

Charles l. Craig (abcve) Comp
eNOfleT Of the City of New York,
GhT0ugh decision Of the q. 8. Su.
preme Court must serve sixty days
I'm JAN for contempt Of court unless
Cubaie opinion now raIlytn9 10 his
auEpoet forces 0 pardon. Below 70
Justice Julius Mayer, Of New YcER,
whose 0eci1iO0, almost GhrUe year6
1gN WAS uphel6 By eAe higher court
Prominent mGD declare q compaeeo
vocation Of tAe principal a erm
SUo0C& and free pEaa~I
Evening star., 1923-06-10
BY HENRY w. BUM.
HE following is a brief summary of
the most important news OF the world
for the seven days ended June 9:

for the seven days ended June 8:
F'rnnce.-The British government after a
long controversy involving some bitterness
has accepted the French ruling regarding the
nationality Of foreign born persons domicled
in Morocco and Tunis; which acceptance
may be construed as practical acknowledg-
ment of French sovereignty over northern
Africa from Tripol to the Atlantic, except
for internationalized Tangier and the small
France makes some concessions regarding
Tangier to Britain, imparting assurance that
of the Straits of Gibraltar. French reguia-
for and uns ls 1ha.
tectorates of France automatically makes the
try of his origin. 1t seems probable that the
league of nations will take over Tangier.
x X X
Germany.-A new German note on repara-
tions was delivered to the allies foreign offices
on June Z. 1t Is, perhaps more remarkable
for what it omits than for what it contains.
To be understood, II should be read in con-
nection with the interpretatio given for
eign correspondents by Herr Rosenburg, the
finance minister. 1t omits reference to the
Ruhr occupation and to considerations of
1T limits itself in the words of Herr
of the allies to the previous German notes
had In common. and is supplementary to and
to their demand for precise guarantees: A
raWay e of the reeh oiy edne tn per
so msrs Of en Of o
marks on German real estate. yielding an
Sn and 2ses Of
than necessities. of the excise on tobacco, beer.
monopoly. it estimates the present yield from
the last named sources Of revenue as .00o,-
crease under favorable economic conditions
TO the pre-war total of soOeoo,eoO gold marks.
until July 1, 1921 definite reparations total
is mot iS named but despite s
note. 1 take it that the note being merely
o sy ss NAY Sns er o thirty o
marks total Qncluding payments in kindl. still
this opinion The ao.Ooo.ooo.oOO marks total
in the May note Is maximum, but my un
derstandng is that the suggestions in that
note of deductions from that maximum under
hopes of great international loans
IF reference Of the whole question Of total
md the method OF reparations payments to
Secretary Hughes. but the Germans know very
well that the French will not hear to that
part of the British press that its renewal
has purely propasandish motive may seem
with the request for conference to consider
on this note that, in 90 far as fairly definite
guarantees are specified. 1t is a marked i'm
moreover. inoffensive in tone. and contains
one splendid sentence: Germany asHnowledses
certain to be rejected for the following
sons in chief:
l. 1t does renounce resistance in the
Ruhr nor accept the fundamental point of
Franco Belgian policy that evacuation of the
Ruhr shall only be gradual and ''pari passu''
with reparations payments. The French and
Belgian governments have repeatedly de-
clared that they would reject any offer
embracing such remuneration and such accept
2. The payments offered quite made
euate Their total would only about half
contracted or soon to be contracted by tHe
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Bureau of Mines Develops
Many Valuable Explosives

One of the postwar questions that
presented a problem of great proper
f'ons was the disposal of the enor-
Nmous supplies of INT. picric acid
and other high explosives that had
accumulated to an extent far beyond
the needs Of the normal reserve of
the armed forces of the United States
In time Of peace.
Much experimental work to pro-
duce commercial explosives of these
vast stocks has been carried on at
the experimental mine of the bureau
of mines located near Pittsburgh.
This mine. heretofore rented. but now
being purchased by the government.
has been used as a place where ex-
plosions OF various intensity to meet
various needs have been staged to
test the products made up by chem
lists.
In one case. a freight car was lifted
high in the air and much of it pickle d
up in the valley over the ridge behind
the mine when the dust cleared.
Test Safety Devices.
In this mine also are carried on
tests of various safety devices. new
machines for mining, new methods of
snoring up the ceilings and walls. the
erection of barricades to cut off gas
and fire after explosions in order to
carry on rescue work, new types of
ventilation and sprinkling systems
and various other experimental ac-
riyities of the bureau of mines sta
tion.
Here. too, mine rescue crews are
Evening star., 1923-06-10
The Story the Week Has Told

French government for reconstruction pur-
the reparations commission by an international
commission to include neutrals is wholly un-
sss
troll seems to the French indispensable.
Germany has been fairly quiet during the
twenty three wounded at Leipzig on June G.
when a crowd of workmen demonstrating
police The demonstrators were, II, is re
ported opnGsd the ,. rst to fire and the police re
dispensing. piundered food shops
for tae OF food he
into French and Belgium was destroyed by
The allied railroad administration in the
Occupied * 5 e be Ga
use use the railroads run BY the SS occupyns author
tiles In spite of Vigorous prSpagantna R against
Gen. Degoutte reports that since the
sympathy from ON the the Berlin poIicy of pi resist
ance has become marked. He thinks that
most of the workers and trading community
would welcome cessation of resistance He
declares that German workmen are seeking
in gratifying numbers.
!: X
Lnusanne.-A dispatch from Lausanne of
Juno. states that the Angora government
consented recognize the contracts
government up to 1920 when the Angora gov
ernment came into power" This is new
attitude for the Angora government, which
has previously ruled that such contracts to be
still binding must have been ratified by
Angora. 1t would seem that under II the
validity OF the 1914 concessions to France is
re-es taolished and that by the same token
certain of the more important Chester con-
concession for the samsun -sivas railroad and
The concession for port Improvements at
But later dispatches intimate that the new
ruling Is mystiGaliy qualified SO that nobody
isn't it." as the Chinese emperor said of the
swish rsa Of T,.ss SILK ad skirt aI,t.. o,,,n .. ,
heads over the question of the Ottoman debt.
X
Bulgnria.-A bill Is about to be introduced
in the Bulgarian sobranje (national assembly,
which makes profteers liable to public whip
ping, con1scation of their property and per-
manent disbarment for business. Determine
ton of what constitutes profteering illegi-
time speculation is left to communal coun-
ellis. This bill has a piquant charm.
The following news Is a little passe,
but il is essential to the completeness Of my
record
"A sobranje, parliament has been
elected in Bulgaria. 1t consists of u
bourgeois representatives, the several bour
geons parties having united for the elections;
10 communists and more than zoo mem
OF of fne resr aad
genuine one. even though 1t has to be borne
in mind that most of personal leaders of the
opposition parties are in Jail. including four
Of the newly elected bourgeoise candidates;
II find few things in the world more inter
estns than this experiment in Bulgaria of
farmers government
}: 4: y
RussIa.-Col. Haskell has announced that by
end of July the work of the American
Relief Administration in Russia Will have been
completed and the last American official of
that administration Will have left that
try The coming harvest promises a goodly
surplus the needs of the population and
after the harvest there should be distress
upon the head of food. The inadequacy of
means of distribution still offers a difficulty.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Miners at 2,4OGFoot Level Find Heat
Unbearable IL Any Breeze Hits Them

Strange as il may seem to Wash
ingtonians. sweltering in the heat of
the past few days and thankful for
each little puff of breeze, conditions
have been found where, for a given
Temperature and degree of humidity,
a breeze makes the heat all the more
unbearable.
Investigations have been made by
DIR. r. r. Sayers, chief surgeon, and
d. Harrington. supervising mining
engineer Of the bureau of mines, at
the 2,4oo foot level in various mines
In an effort to work out some means
Of making little less intolerable
the conditions under which the miners
work. Their Investigations have dis
closed q degree of suffering that
seems beyond the power of man to
stand.
Force Changes Monthly.
In fact, in one mine they found that
frequently men worked but a single
shift Of seven hours and then quit
the lob. Others, going back after
the first shift. have stuck it out for
a month or SO. and then they, too,
have sought work elsewhere. An en-
tire new working force is hired dur
ing the course Of every month.
To get down to facts and figures, in
one test, 2,400 feet down, the men
upon whom the tests were made sat
still for one hour. They did no
work and moved as little as possible.
At the expiration of the hour their
temperatures wers taken and found
Evening star., 1923-06-10

to have risen to 101 and 102: theil.
pulses jumped from normal TO 1856
per minute in the case of one subject
and from $50 up with the others. The
men were all weak. dizzy and unable
to think rapidly Their clothing was
soaked and they were able to pour
the perspiration from their shoes so
great was its quantity.
This test was taken at a tempera-
ture of 9S.5 degrees Fahrenheit and
with the air saturated-that is, con
tanning all the moisture that Ii could
This condition, of course. would soon
obtain with perspiring men working
in the particular point where the test
was made.
Breeze Drives Men Out.
The test was repeated, and this
time with the strong breeze keeping
the air in constant and rapid motion.
The symptoms indicated in the firsc
test were greatly aggravated and the
men were forced to leave
The investigation disclosed in ono
mine that the men were unable to
work more than fifteen minutes at a
time, and that a five-minute, and
sometimes longer. rest was required
between these work periods. A sup
ply of water was piped down to the
men at temperature of 65 degrees
and of this they drank copiously.
After the men reached the surface
of the mine their blood pressure was
taken and was found to be far below
normal! Tepid shower baths, ending
with a cold dash of water in some
cases, failed to bring the blood pres
sure back to normal, and even after
a hearty meal the pressure was
found to be slow in returning.
Evening star., 1923-06-10

trained. and kept ready for emer-
gencies in the nearby mining sections.
Not far distant from the mine Is
the main station of the bureau of
mines, where the chemists work out
their methods Of combating gases and
the engineers do their Office and labo-
ratory work
This station. under charge of A. C.
Fieldner. superintendent and super
vising chemist. is the result Of the
first head of the bureau Of mines
when it was founded in 1910. 1t has
p force OF $50 and annually uses an
appropria tion of s1.000,000.
Its importance extends far beyond
the mere saving Of life and allevia-
miners work. 1t has aided, by its
discoveries, in keeping the price of
coal and metals from soaring to great
heights. as many of the mechanical
devices have cut costs of production
to low levels.
Work OF Great Value.
Some of the explosives worked out
have been of great value to the
farmer and to the reclamation work.
The Army and Navy have much for
which to thank the bureau. For in
stance, helium gas, in 1917 worth
$4,000 a cubic foot, can now be pro-
duced at cost of approximately
6 or Z cents a cubic foot This in
flammable gas is a great preventive
of fatal accidents in the operation of
lighter-than- air craft.
Many OF the discoveriessof the bureau
naturally are never disclosed because of
their value to the military forces of
the country, but the work goes on,
constantly improving conditions.
making new discoveries and. in gen.
eral, putting the mining work of the
country on a more efficient and more
bearabie basis
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Tax Agreement Near Between
Farmers and Manufacturers

The farmers and manufacturers,
whose interest in taxation Is general
ly considered to be antagonistic or
at least rivalrous. are getting to-
gether, and have already a tentative
agreement on principles of taxation
as a result of a number of confer
ences.
Representatives of organizations of
farmers met representative of or
ganizat tions of manufacturers and are
now inviting criticisms and sugges-
tions on the following preliminary
draft of their enunciation of taxation
principles from the viewpoint of the
producers:
All cost of government must be
paid by its citizens and ought not to
exceed the smallest sum necessary to
essential government activities.
The federal government should ap-
Evening star., 1923-06-10
China Acts to Abolish Ancient ''Likin'';
Internal Tax Opposed at Arms Parley

vised that the Chinese ministry of
finance is preparing for the meetings
of the tariff commission and has is
sued a circular telegram to the prov
inces with the object of ascertaining
their views regarding the proposal
to abolish likin. This commission
was created by the Washington con-
ference for the consideration of the
abolition of likin and to determine
the conditions upon which the 21a
per cent surtax may be granted.
Reviewing the resolutions of the
Washington conference, providing
first for the increase from a nominal
to an effective per cent in the Gus
toms revenues of China. then to 7h
per cent. and ultimately to 12la per
cent. the telegram requests the
finance commissioners and directors
of the Chinese customs to make a
thorough investigation of the likin
question and to render opinions as
to a suitable plan to abolish or de-
crease likin. ~,
Evening star., 1923-06-10

propriate no new sources OF taxation.
The fullest cooperation should be
developed between federal and state
governments to limit and define the
sources of their respective revenues.
Every person should be taxed il
just proportion to his ability to pay.
The form and amount of taxes
should be definite and neither dis
courage individual initiative in thu
operation of existing production nor
the establishment of new enterprise
\ tax on net personal incom.
justly graduated according to abiiitl
to pay is a fair measure of taxation.
Discriminatory excise taxes grow
ing out of war emergencies should b.
repealed.
Taxes should be definitely assessed.
in advance of collection.
Means for tax adjustment should be
provided i'll each collection district.
subject to final appeal.
The collection of taxes should con-
form to established business practice
and recognize the taxpayers con-
venience.
Evening star., 1923-06-10

What is likin and what is it's effect?
In spite Of the fact that likin is
such an important problem that
special commission was created by
the recent international conference in
washington to give it due considera-
ton, few persons know anything
about It.
Experts in, the United States Bu-
reau Of Foreign and Domestic Com
merce explain that likin is "an in
terror barrier tax levied by military
provincial governors in China, gen.
orally without. the consent of the
central government, the proceeds of
which are used for local administra-
kkive expenses. 1t tends to increase
tho price of imported goods when sold
in the interior and Of domestic mer-
chandise when brought to the port for
shipment abroad"
IAis government has just been ad