davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-04

abroad with only $169, 0OO, 900 last
year as against S203 ,000, 900 in 1920,
it is important to note that the $780,
OOO,OOG of corporation stocks and
bonds put out here by foreign COM
panies other than Canadian was
larger than in any preceding year
and was more than double the SAL
100000 reported in 1921. Considering
Canadian, other foreign, and Amer
lean foreign corporations together,
industrial and miscellaneous COM
panies received $50, 900 900, railroads
$65, 900, 000, and shipping and public
utility companies $17,OOO,OO0 and
$7,OOO,OOO, respectively.
Aside from the unprecedented mag
nitude of the offerings, the feature
of the years operations in foreign
stocks and bonds was the marked
falling off of new financing consum-
mated during the second half of the
year. The first six months account
ed for 1888, 90, 900 of the $483, ,OOO, 900
raised by public subscription for gov
ernments and municipalities and for
$140,O00,00 O of the $169, 900, O01
raised for corporations. During the
second half of the year condition,
governing the emission of new issues
were not so favorable as those which
prevailed in the first six months,
while in addition, foreign securities
were affected by the reaction of in
vestors to the unsettled political CON
ditions abroad.
England, which on the basis of re-
turns for Xix months appeared to
have returned to practically a ore-
war basis, experienced a correspond,
ing reduction of foreign flotations II:
the last half-year. During the sec
Ond half of the year the output was
only $4,000 600, against $25S ,0OU,-
600 for the first six months, although
comparing whole years, marked i'm
%provenlent was shown over the 1921
tlgures Of $111,000,000 The 1921
total o. So 900 was somewhat
moIe than h4f of the 1911 aggre
gate o. $5O3, 100000, but fell short
of the smallest American total since
the war, which was $301 900 1000 in
1919. The 1922 statistics of exports
of capital from the United States
exceeded corresponding figures fol
the record year in England by nearly
$50,00O,OO0.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-04
RADIO
WHAT l~NDUCTANCE
MEANS EXPLAINED
Its Cause and Effects Are Here
Told in Popular Language
for the Novice.

When q conductor cuts a magnetic
Aeld a voltage is induced in the con-
ductOr. The voltage induced depends
for its value on the rapidity with
which the conductor cuts the magnetic
field. The value of the induced volt
age is a function Of the rate Of cut
ting, not of the field density, etc.
A conductor carrying a current Is
surrounded by a magnetic field. If
the value of the current be decreased,
the magnetic field will decrease. In
decreasing, the magnetic field about the
conductor Will cut the conductor and
induce In it a voltage. This induced
voltage In a conductor caused by q
change in the magnetic field, which was
produced by the conductor, is called
the electrOmOtive force of self-induc.
tiOn. The direction of the induced
voltage due to Self-induction is such as
TO oppose any change.
Looking at the end of. q conductor
II applied current Is In q direction
away from the observer, a reduction
I'm current will produce an e. m. f. Of
s~elf-induction that will add to this eur
rent flow away from the observer, OIL
being the same direction as the ap
piled voltage. An increase In the flow
of the current will increase the mag
netic field and an e. m. f.. Of self-in
ductiOn will be induced that will op
pose the flow of current.
C,~n0ua - ~ov1flo~ AhA --oOnnka.
field about a conductor carrying al
alternating current. The current al
ternately flows In one direction ant
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-04
RADIO SPARKS

Broadcasting descriptions of
missing persons is a new use Of
the art.
1t Is suggested that the growth
Of radio In the next five years
will make necessary a United
States secretary Of cOmmunica-
ti0ns."
Radio insurance is now being
offered covering fire, lightning,
breakage and theft.
When a crystal detector set is
not IN use it should always be
disconnected from the antenna.
If this is not done, sensitiveness
will be gradually destroyed by
continual static splashes and
loud signals.
The army has perfected a
method by which the fastest
sent radio message can be
caught on wax cylinders and re-
produced at lower speed on die
! taphOne machines, making the
|. message easy to read.
; The first radio theater Ia to be
! installed in the Grand Central
; hotel in New York city. 1t will
|: seat more than 1000 persons
! and will be made cOmmodious
; enough to accommodate a large
! throng on a dancing floor In a
. pavilion adjoining. Entertain
I ment ard dance music will be
J picked up from the air.
] Loose connections, poor insula-
| ton, poor ground, poor joints
! and wires, worn insulation,
: wires crossing, and many other
small matters may put a set
completely out Of commission.
I In the Canary islands the in
J habitants convey signals and bits
; Of news by a system of whistling.
The system dates back hundreds
Of years. When radio takes hold
the islanders will not know
whether their apparatus is out
Of tune or some inhabitant Is
trying to whistle a message.
Every motorcycle used by the
state police of Michigan win be
equipped with radio If expert
ments now being conducted by
the state department for safety
r successful.
A Frenchman has invented a
system by which checks can be
sent by radio. What we now
want Is a e and easy method
Of making the money to meet the
checks.
A hey IN Cambriage. Maam.,
one evening received on his ses
a fine signal from Nanen, Ger
many. and one from Honolulu.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-04

tween two circuits linked by a mag
petic field but separated electrically.
Examples OF both types of induct-
ance are found in both high and low
frequencies. In a r~adiophone trans
mitter the filter reactances are ex-
amples of low frequency self-induc-
ton. The hlament transformer is an
example of mutual i%nductance. The
primary OF the ilament transformer
sets up a magnetic field that is cut by
the conductor that forms the second
airy of the transformer. In radio fire.
quency circuits a tuning coil depends
for its action upon self-inductiOn. The
operation of a loose coupler depends
upon mutual induction for the trans
fer of energy from the primary or
antenna circuit to the secondary tuned
circuit to which the rectifying appar-
atus is connected.
"Skin effect" is due to self-inductiOn-
In a conductor carrying direct current,
resistance drop, which can be cOnsid-
cred as a back voltage, is constant
over the entire cross section of the con-
ductor. The applied voltage then Is
opposed at any point OF the cross sec
ton Of a conductor by the same back
voltage and hence the current flowing
distributes itself evenly over the cross
section Of the conductor.
This is not true in conductors car
J rying alternating current. There are
two voItages that oppose the flow of
alternating current in a conductor.
First, the back voltage due to resist
ance, and second, the back voltage in
duced by self-inductlon. The magnet
ic field surrounding the conductor will
be strongest at the center Of the con-
ductor and weaker at the surface OF
the conductor. This will cause the
induced back e. n. +. to be largest al
the center and smallest at the surface
of the conductor. Naturally the den
sity Of the circuit that flows will be
inversely proportional to this opposing
e. N. T.. or the least current will flow
al the center and the greater current
will flow along the surface.
AS the frequency Of the current Il
increased, the skin effect" as it ID
called, becomes more and more pro
! nounced. Finally at radio f~requencieI
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-04

Their the other direction. Each time
the direction of flow Of the current
changes. the direction of the magnetic
Geld reverses.
When an alternating current flows
In a conductor, the current which is
set up by the changing magnetic field Ia
also alternating. Suppose that Fig. l
represents a graph Of the current How
ing i'm the conductor. During the first
quarter of the cycle, while the cur
rent is increasing from zero at A 70
q maximum value at B, the magnetic
field will build up with the current.
The inductive back e. m. f., which de-
ponds on the rate Of change of how,
will be q maximum at A, where the
Aux is changing most rapidly, and q
minimum at b, where change In flow
is zero. Similarly during the other
three quarters Of a cycle the induced
e. m. (. due to Induction will be a
maximum at O and E and a minimum
at D.
The dotted curve then In Fig. /
represents the e. m. f., Of self-induc-
ton. Note that there Is a phase diff
ference of ~One-Quarter Of a cycle, or
90 electrical degrees, between the e.
m. f.. due to induction and the current
producing the magnetic field. This &C
ton OF the conductor having a back
e. m. f. induced in it, when a varying
current lows through the conductor is
called sel~finduction.
In other words, s~elf-induction may
be defined as the property Of an cleo
trical circuit that tends to prevent any
change in the value OF the circuit
flowing through II. The e. m. (. Of self
Induction is always in such a direction
as to prevent any change Of current
in the circuit. A length Of wire wound
In the form of a coil called q solenoid
has a greater se%lf-induction than the
same length Of straight. The self-in-
ductiOn of a coil with no iron a
the magnetic field is a constant and
depends on the physical dimensions
Of the circuit. The unit Of ~inductance
is the henry. An electrical circuit has
an inductance of one henry, when q
change In the current of One ampere
Der second will cause a back e m. f.
of one volt.
1t has beer explained that an ever
changing magnetic field surrounds q
circuit carrying an alternating current
and that this changing magnetic field
induces in the circuit a back Z. m. t
which opposes any. change in the cur
rent flowing in the circuit.
If a second electrical circuit IL
brought within the magnetic field o.
the first circuit, the second circuit vii
have a voltage Induced In 1t. The val
ne of the voltage induced in the sec
ond electrical circuit will be n vol
per 1OO.OO0,OO0 lines Of hux cut pc
second. The direction OF the induces
voltage In the second circuit win b.
$50 electrical degrees out OF phas'
with the applied voltage OF the frs
circuit. The phenomenon just dc
Rcribed Is known AS mutual inducI
ance. Self-InductiOn is the reaction O
q circuit upon itself. Mutual inducI
An1~ - Fhe reaction that exists ID
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-04
Fig. l..

such a small quantity Of current flows
near the center Of the conductor that
the conductive material there is use
less and can be removed. For this
reason tubing is often used for con-
Quoting high power at high frequen-
cies.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
PROHIBITION
-OFFICERSGBT
BIG HAUL
jamestown and Vicinity Yield
Large Number of Moon
shine Makers
S E V E N T r l E ID
Two Sentences Suspended
Until Threshing Is Com
pleted

State and Federal Law Enforce
ment. Officials lately made. sever
al big hauls in the neighborhood of
Jamestown, according to a report re-
ceived today by the states attorneys
office.
Roman Cysewski's farm, south of
Jamestown, was raided and a TWEEN
ty gallon copper still, one coil. four
gallons Of wine, one pint of moon
shine, and two quarts of mash were
taken. Fifty gallons of mash were
destroyed by the officials. Cysewski
pleaded guilty before Justice of the
Peace J. A. Murphy and was sentepc-
ed ninety days in Jail and fined two
hundred dollars.
Ed Jaskowski, a farmer, living
near jamestown was raided, twen-
ty gallon copper still, one fifth of
a gallon jug Of moonshine, one quart
of moonshine and one half gallon of
grain and sugar mash were seized.
Fifty nine gallons of mash and a
fifty gallon barrel were destroyed.
Jaskowski pleaded guilty before Jus
tice of Peace Murphy sentence being
Suspended until Oct. 6, to allow him
to get his crop threshed.
At Mrs. Jno. MUTT farm south east
of jamestown a twenty gallon still,
two quarts of rhubarb wine, and
three quarts of mash were seized.
Ninety nine gallons Of mash were
destroyed along with two fifty gal
lon barrels. This case is to be con-
finued.
John Panpuch's farm, when raid
ed, yielded one copper still with two
coils. Panpuch pleaded guilty and
his sentence was suspended until
Oct. 6 to allow him to finish thresh-
ing.
In Jamestown the following raids
were made:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
SAY WORLD
TONGUES
POPULAR
Sponsors Declare Esperanto
Is Coming to be Widely
Used

Dresden, Sept. 21.-Original poetry
in Esperanto, the universal language,
has begun to appear in polyglot CEN
tiers where Esperanto is popular.
Many national songs of various lands
have also been given an Esperanto
text and published with the words
and music.
made in Esperanto toward popular
ity in nearly all parts or the world,
advocates contend that Esperanto
shorthand writing has been taken up
by great many young persons as
by-profession, and they predict that
eventually their language will be
taught in schools.
According to Esperantists there
are more than 1000 PERSONS in Ores
den alone who read, write and speak
the new language. There are many
Esperantists also in Leipsig, where
an Esperanto Institut. was founded
several years ago.
The headquarters Of the Esperanto
world union is in Geneva, with
branches in al the cities and princi-
pal towns of most countries. The
Esperantists have their own newspa-
pers with subscribers Throughout the
world. TRANSACTIONS of famous au-
thos and original books may be pur-
chased in Esperanto, one of the large
publishing houses in Leipsig having
one department devoted to- products
of this language.
The inventor and founder of Es-
peranto was DR.. L. Zamenhof, Rus
sian physician born in 1859.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

YANKS CLINCH
PEN n ANT IN
HARD FIGHT
Cleveland Is Their Closest
Rival For American
League Banner

Chicago, Sept. 21--The Yankees
finally won after "A desperate strug-
gle with St. Louis Browns. The score
was to yesterday and clinched the
American League pennant for them
for the third consecutive year. No
matter if they lost every additional
game and Cleveland. their closest
rival won every game, they would
still be ahead The New York Giants
were kept idle b rain but lost moth
ing thereby as Cincinnati stayed put,
splitting a double header with Phil
adelphia. The Reds lost the first, 2
to o, and won the second to Z, IN
IL innings.
Brooklyn trimmed Chicago to 7
in hard hitting battle and made
it two out of three in Chicago.
The Chicago Americans also being
defeated to by the Philadelphia
Athletics, whose victory put them IN
n tie for sixth place.
In Boston the Detroit Tigers won
the first game of double-header
from the Red Sox, to 4, while the
other gam ewas called in the tenth
inning with the score to 2, because
of darkness.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

that might arise concerning powers
Of the government and people.
Flag Etiquette.
A more careful observance !, OF
proper flag etiquette and q more
reyerent treatment Of the Stars and
Stripes was urged by Mr.. Harrington.
He reviewed proper handling Of the
flag for every occasion--the raising
and lowering at sunrise and sunset,
Memorial day observances, its use in
draping streets, on vehicles, and at
funerals. ..
He said that an inspection of the
city Of Bismarck and its flag dis
plays were made by himself and
others on various occasions. A
special plea that the men and women
pay proper respect to the flag when
1t passed in the streets was made.
An inspirational part of. the pro-
gram was the splendid music fur
nished by some Of BiHmarck's finest
talent.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
BURKMAN IS
OUT FOR j
PRACTICE
Captain Reports to Davis at
University Field; Team
Working Hard

Grand Fofss, N. d., Sept. 21.-
Walter Badly Burkman, all-confer-
ence half and captain of the 1923
University of North Dakota football
squad, reported for work yesterday
Friends of the backfield star expect
him to have his greatest year. The
Hibbing, Mimi, athlete will be play
ing his fourth year Of college foot
ball. He is in excellent condition.
As only three Of the regular line
up were lost by graduation last
spring, the Flickertail aggregation
will be made up of thoroughly ex-
perienced men this year, and high
ly successful season is anticipated.
Many new men are out for the team
and there is much strong material.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

The residence Of Felix Schneider
and wife was raided, eleven gallons
of moonshine being taken. Schnie-
der pleaded guilty and was sentenc-
ed sixmonths in Jail and fined two
hundred dollars Mrs. SCHNEIDER
was held over for district court and
was released on $1,000 bond.
Frank Skrock's home was raided
and three quarts of moonshine
found. Skroch was bound over to
District Court.
At the home of Lewis Rudnick
five quarts Of moonshine were found.
Rudnick was bound over to District
Court and released on $500 bond.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
TO
WRESTLE AT
MAGIC CITY
Local Man Goes to MinOt For
Return Match With
George Casell

Stanley Rodgers, Bismarck wrest-
Ter, left early this morning for
Minot where he will wrestle a re-
turn match with George Vasell, the
Greek Champion who headquarters
at Minot tonight.
Three weeks ago Rodgers and
Vasell wrestled two hours to a draw
at the Rialto theater here SO a great
match is to be expected in the Magic
City tonight.
Rodgers expects to return to Bis
marck tomorrow night.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

More than score of children, still
under treatment, will remain at hos
pitfalls for. several months. and few
for more than year. Half a hum
dred other children still are receiv-
ing treatment at clinics.
In some cases ~ many as four
operations had to be performed to
effect n curp
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

The clinic which the society con.
ducts each year, beginning in April,
is said to be the only one Of its kind
in the United States, for free hospi'
tai. medical and surgical care is pro-
vided, medical and surgical care is
provided. During the present year
children from states throughout the
west and south are being treated.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
Many States
Represented At
Free Clinic

st. Louis, Sept. 21.-The st. Louis
Medical society, in a report of It's
free clinic for poor children this
year, stated that Sigh, to complete
correction was accomplished in "a OF
81 cases already disposed Of, only
three children being declared beyond
assistance.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
Blakely Injured
AT Football

Fargo, Sept. 2l.-Harry RED
Blakely, candidate for N. d. agricul-
tural football team was the first man
to be injured in practice here when
he sprained the ligaments in his
shoulder.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
KrauSe Wins
From O'Dell

Glendale N. D., Sept. 2l.-Bat
Krause, Fargo welterweight won
from Jack O'Dell of st. Paul in the
second round when the latter quiz
when claiming he had been fouled.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
Naturalize
80 Each Day,
In Chicago

Chicago, Sept. 21.-Despi.e the,
stringent immigration restrictions Of
the last few years, applications for
naturalization here have Increased to
wore than 80 daily. Deputy Clerk
Thomas v. Sell mas announced.
Where formerly immigrants re-
manned unnaturalized. for years after
arrival IN this. country, they now
take out their papers a., soon as they
are eligible Mr.. Sell declared The
reason for~thiss il that manufacturers
and other employers Of irmigrant
labor are becoming Increasingly in
sistent that their employees be- Am,
shall have taken out first paper"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21
WALKER WINS.

Davenport, Ia, Sept. 21.-Walker,
welterweight champion, won from
Green of Texas in ten round bout
last night.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

Rheumatic pains are often.
the result Of III fitting shoes.
w scientifically At you with,
GIpu4d Gripper Shose re-,
suits no pains. utm0st CONF
4rt IN walkiA Mems
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-09-21

Beulah Lignite Coil Is Best
M.76 per ton. Order now.
Waehter Transfer Co. Phone
"a . . ).
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-11-25

afternoon session, and Saturday night there will be banquet. Sew eral prominent speakers vii deliver addresses during the convention. Among the number are: Gov. w. w. Brandon of Alabama; Dean J. M. Walters, department of commerce. Georgia School of Technology, At lanta; J. S Knox, president Knox School of Sa1esmanship, Cleveland, Ohio: H. C. Spillman, education d. rector, Remington Typewriter com pany, New York. and pr. Charles E. Glenn. superintendent of schools, Birmingham.
 Tine principal officers of the asso- citation are w. W. Merriman, Att lanta. Ga. president; NJ. H. Bowen, Columbia & C., first vice president; C. w. Edmondson, Chattanooga. Tenna second vice president; Miss Alice V. Wylie, Memphis, Tenn, sec retary, and C. E. Harrison, Atlanta, Ga. treasurer.
 ]. L. Harman. Bowling Green, ky, will be toastmaster at the banquet will make an address, and there will be readings. musical numbers and other entertainments.
 The executive committee Is com posed of R. H. Lindsey, Louisville, Ky; Mrs Gertrude c. Dekrmond, Birmingham, and Mrs. s. F. Evatte, Greenville, $. C. Willard ]. Wheeler, Birmingham. is general chairman Of the program and entertainment com mittee; A. NJ. Bruce, Birmingham, is chairman of the reception committee, and T, E. Alverson, Birmingham, is chairman of the decoration commit tee. The address of welcome wil! be given by President D, E. McLen- don of Birmingham.
 All teachers and others interested are most cordially invited to attend the sessions of the association.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-11-25
ANTI-SAL00N LEAGUE
 ELECTS ITS OFFICERS
Rev. W. B. Crumpton Again Chosen
 President Of Association

Rev. W. B. Crumpton was reelected president of the Anti-Sa1oon league of Alabama at a meeting of the board day afternoon. Rev. E. W. Gamble of Selma presided in the absence of Dr. Crumton who was prevented by ill., ness from attending.
 Other officers elected were Rev L. c. Brascomb, first vice president; Rev. E. W. Gable, second vice presi dent; F. F. Ballard, secretary; P. C. Rat1iff. treasurer; Rev. E. L. Craw- ford, Rev. J. 0. Colley, Rev J. A, Duncan, Rev. J. c. Persinger, L. B. Musgrove, Eugene Ballard and F. NJ Jackson.
 J. Blob Mills, superintendent, read his report for the year outlining work accomplished and the outlook for the future, followed by the report of the treasurer. F. c. Ratliff, which showed finances of the league to be in better shape than for many years past.
 Unanimous resolutions of sympathy were adopted on the recent death of W. H. Stockham, a member of the board.
 The following members were elected to the board of trustees: Rev. W. B. Crumpton, Rev. E. l.. Dobbs, Judge Henry Foster, F. F. Ballard, W. A. Davis. Dr. R. E. Lovelady, Rev. E. W. Gamble, s. R. Boykin. J. B. Green. Rev H. H. McNeill, William Wizard, J. M. Glenn. Rev. E. c. Moore. W. H. Manly, F. NJ. Jackson, Q. H, Stevens, Rev. J. O. Colly. Eugene Bal lard, Rev. J. A. Duncan, J. Lister Hill. H. c. Stockham, Rev. J. R. Dopbs, Rev Hoyt NJ. Dobbs, Rev. E. l.. Craw- ford, Sheriff Lacy, Dr. Felix J. Tar rant, Joe Lambert. P. c. Ratliff, Rev. J. NJ. Broadie, Rev. L. c. Branscomb, Rev. w. M. Blackwelder, T. N. Me Allister. Rev. D, P, Taylor, Rev. j.. E. Dillard, A. c. Darling, J. W. Bow es, Rev. Raleigh Green, R. T. Simp- son, Rev, J. C. Persinger. Rev. J. C. Stivender. E. r. Baker, E. M. Elliot, Rev. E, M. Lazenby Rev. l.. l.. Gwalt- ney, Hugh Conner, Rev. J. s. Eddins, Rev. w. NJ. Curtis, Rev. R. N. Simp- son and D. F. Green