davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
DAIRY
FACTS
WHY cows SUCK THEMSELVES
Where Largo Number Of Dairy caIvss
Are Raised They Often Acquire
DEPRIVED Habit.

One Of the most perplexing prob.
lens confronting dairymen, or COW
owners, Is the occasional bad habit de-
veloped by cows of sucking themselves.
Where large number of dairy calves
are raised on skim milk they quite fire.
quently acquire the habit of sucking
their stable mates, and often this habit
is continued until maturity.
There seems to be no good explana-
ton why cows should suck themselves,
and 1t is equally true that In the past
there has been no satisfactory method
Of curing or preventing this bad habit.
Various types of muzzles have been
suggested, certain types Of yokes have
been tried, sticks have been attached
to halters and passed down between
the front legs Of the cow and attached
to belt with the idea of preventing
the COW from getting her head back to
the udder. Most Of these devices have,
however, proven ineffective or inhu-
name, and sooner or later the COW
with this habit finds her way to the
butcher shop as the only positive and
permanent cure.
Veterinarians have tried an opera
ton which consists of removing a part
Of the side and end Of the tongue, but
this has not been very satisfactory.
We have found simple device on
the farm Of the Georgia State College
Of Agriculture that appears to be
100 per cent efficient In curing
the habit, and 1t Is very inexpensive
and simple to use. Take a piece of
ordinary quarter-inch pipe about six
inches In length, put ring in each
end like an ordinary bride bit. Ten or
twelve small holes are then bored
through the pipe in every direction.
This hollow bit IL put into halter, or
device similar to bride. 1t has been
found best to use a nose band on the
bride SO as to hold the bit securely in
place.
When sucking, COW puts her
tongue around three sides of the tcat
and presses 1t against the roof of her
mouth. When she sucks she tends to
produce vacuum. With the hollow
bit across the tongue air Is admitted
from the ends and 1t is impossible for
her to draw milk, since she cannot
form the necessary vacuum. After a
few trials, the COW learns that she
cannot suck and soon stops trying.
The device Is equally effective In
cows from sucking other
members of the herd.
The COW eats and Eliminates nor
mally with the hollow bit In her mouth.
However, 1t is impossible for her to
drink unless the water Is deep enough
for her to submerge the ends of the
P. Jarnagin, Georgia Col
lege of Agriculture.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
LtMBERnECK AMONG POULTRY
Eating Decayed Animal Matter
Castor OIL Helps.

Limberneck Is recognized by the fact
that the fowl seems TO lose control Of
Its neck muscles, thereby allowing the
head to- hang down and touch the
ground. The fowl seems powerless to
raise the head or have any control
of II.
The trouble, according TO Harry EN-
bleton. professor of poultry husbandry
Mt Oklahoma A. and NJ. college, Is
brought about by the eating OF some
decayed animal matter. THE best
means. therefore. of preventing further
trouble e to look the premises over
for a carcass Of some kind" Embleton
says. 'In some cases we have found
II TO be rabbits. In others. snakes or
carcasses of fowls. Castor oil given
by means of small funnel and rubber
tube inserted In the food passage.
seems to help somewhat In restoring
the affected birds TO health"
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12

work In developing the Sabine Bottoms
community and other communities
since then has earned that title for
her.
Mrs. Martin is no impractical
dreamer. She is a farmer. She per-
sonally ran 6,000-acre ranch In
Boque County, Texas, to such good eff
feet that In three years it paid prof
1t Of $4,000. Four years ago the com
munity farm plan developed In her
mind. For two years 1t was just a
paper plan. Then came the opportu-
nifty to put 1t into effect on 1,2O0-acre
tract in the Sabine Bottoms.
First of all the land was laid out In
100-acre tracts. A slxty-foot graded
road was run through the center. On
each side of this road six Groom bun
galows We're built Not plain square
box buildings are these, but attractive
modern houses with porches, fire
places, window seats and cozy corners
Back of the long front porch are foui
large rooms. A central chimney
makes possible fire place in each OF
these rooms. The kitchens and a sleep
ing room are back of these rooms.
Careful planning is evidenced by til,
covered well on the back porch, tn,
trough leading from II to the barn. thu
blue grass in the yard, and the chick
en-tight fence.
Each house Is set on square acre
And each house Is within easy haul
ing distance Of Its nelghbor.
The whole scheme is knit together
by several community projects. There
IL a community house, with reading
tables. books, soft and shaded lights
Back of the community house Is a
community laundry, and nearby is a
community cannery, blacksmith
shop and a garage. The purchase OF
a large cream separator Is the latest
community enterprise.
Most of the tenants are buying
their farms on Il longtime payment
plan. In so doing they have new
ineen,lve for pushing DEVELOPMENTS
and nj tAe SANG tiDe The landowner
IL insured per cent on bis invest
msnt.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
POULTRY NOTES

A hen egg contains 70 to 70 per cent
water.
The mother turkey is the best nurse
to brood young poults.
1t Is best to have ground feed or dry
mash before the birds all the time.
May chicks are not as apt to go Into
a winter mott as the March and April
chicks.
Sp-outed barley Is sometimes used
In place Of oats. Other good greens
are cabbages and mangels.
Put chicks on range as soon as
weather is suitable. At this age the
lighter breeds will be feathered out,
and the medium and heavy breeds
partially SO.
Clean out the litter every two
weeks. or. at the most. every three.
and bring In fresh scratching material.
Where the hen Is the machine, the
eggs the product, feed and labor the
costs, 1t remains for management to
be the economy.
The health of the layers Is directly
dependent upon the purity Of the air
which they breathe during both day
and night in the laying houses There
fore, ventilators are absolutely essen
tial to every laying house.
When frost gathers on the walls In
well-built henhOuse, there Is GER
tainly lack Of ventilation.
No, one would not want to capOnize
full-grown ROSTERS or old ROSTERS.
Ten or twelve weeks old Is the proper
time for the operation.
An average Of from 49, to 90 pounds
Of grain feed is required to produce
one dozen eggs, according to the Unit
ed States Department Of Agriculture
figures. The figures are on the basis
OF twelve months production.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
COLOR SCHEME IS
VERY IMPORTANT
Harmony in the Way Of Shrub
berry and Flowers Should
Be Considered.

Harmony is the first law of nature,
not only In the color of house, but In
the way shrubbery and flowers are
placed about 1t. More attention should
be given, says the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, to improving
the home surroundings, including the
care Of good lawn and the growing
Of roses and other flowers that will
add beauty to the premises. 1t has
been suggested that 1t would be appro-
pirate If paint were sold with flower
and vegetable seeds, because the es-
thetic relation between properly
painted house and outbulldings, a flow
er garden and a vegetable garden are
so close as to warrant their being con-
sidered together.
incidentally, a trash burner might be
located In an inconsplcuous corner of
the back yard, to receive all the varl-
GUS papers and litter that from time
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12

or barley to keep them In fair flesh,
make up list of desirable feeds for
breeding hogs. Alfalfa, soy beans, or
clover hay are valuable additions for
winter feeding and may be scattered
out so as to induce the sows to take
exercise daily, great necessity for
breeding hogs.
Sows must be well fed to raise good
pigs, but this does not include the day
before narrowing and the day after
narrowing. For "a hours before and
after narrowing the sow should have
no feed, but tepid water should be
constantly available. After this fast,
feed should be given in small quanti-
ties at first, then gradually increased
up to full feed within ten days.
Even before the pigs are weaned
they should have access to shelled
corn In selffeeders as a supplement to
the milk from their mothers. As soon
as they are weaned they should be
kept on full feed, either on self-feeders
or by hand. Pigs that are well fed
and have enough exercise will reach
market weight at about eight months
of age.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
CARROTS FOR PIG PARALYSIS
Trouble Is Very Common and Probably
Caused by Lack of Some Par
ticular Vitamine.

Paralysis in hogs Is very common
according to the veterinary depart
ment of Colorado Agricultural college
1t is presumed to be deficiency dis
ease; that Is, something needed for nu-
triton is not present In the food. In
answering question from a farmer
recently the veterinary department
stated that the substance in this par.
ticular case that was probably lacking
was vitamine b. A recommendation
was made to try ration consisting Of
plenty Of milk and carrots. Results
under experimental work with this ra-
ton In cases Of pig paralysis have
been remarkable.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
GRAIN REQUIRED FOR COWS
Amount, In Addition to Hay and Pota-
toes, Depends on Amount Of
Milk Produced.

Cows that are milking heavy or
young calves should, of course, have
some grain in addition to the hay and
potatoes. The amount of grain re-
Quired for the cows would depend on
the amount Of milk they are produc-
ing. and the amount required by the
calves should be regulated so ms to
keep the calves in good, thrifty.
growing condition.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12

sary amount OF nutrients to produce
the highest and most economical egg
yields.
In some experiments recently made,
general-purpose pullets produced
dozen eggs from 81 pounds Of feed,
and Leghorn pullets from AZ pounds
Of feed. Old hens required much
larger amount of feed than pullets In
producing dozen eggs.
To get the most profitable results,
feed simple mixtures composed of
homegrown grains and their by-prod-
ucts, supplemented with meat or fish
scrap or milk, such as a scratch mix
ture Of two parts cracked corn and one
part oats. and a mash of three parts
cornmeal and one part meat scrap.
Raise all the green feed and as much
grain feed as possible.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
GUARD AGAINST FLYS

II should be borne in mind that
poultry manure serves as breeding
place for flies during summer so 1t
should be kept in tightly covered
containers or else spread upon the
ground and spaded or raked In imme-
diately. Owing to the high nitrogen
content of poultry manure 1t should
not be applied too heavily, as 1t Is
liable to cause burning of the plants
or an excessive growth of leaf and
stem at the expense of the other parts
of the plants. The bes. time to apply
chicken manure Is in the springtlme
when the land Is being fitted, but as
suggested, 1t can be applied during
the summer.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
! I'VE
y } WV
TO MAKE PROFITS WITH PIGS
Wise Grower Stimulates Growth Be-
fore Litter ls Farrowed by Good e
Care Of Sows.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agrcuture)
'The profitable pig" says the United
States Department of Agriculture, "is
the one that never stops growing from
the time 1t is narrowed up to the time
1t Is hauled to market" The wise hog
grower stimulates growth in the pig
before the litter is narrowed by keep
Ing the SOW In good condition. 1t Is
assumed that the sire and the dam are
Of the right type, big and growthy.
Pasturage of good quality, shorts
or middings, fish meal or tankage to
furnish protein. with sufficient corn
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
GOOD DAIRYMAN FEEDS WELL
Kind Of Feed to Give Liberal
Flow Of Milk.

The good dairyman Is good feeder.
He knows that he must supply his
cows with an abundance of feed.
But he knows, too, that this feed must
be of the right kind and balance II
the milk flow is to be heavy. Too much
roughage with too little concentrates,
too small supply Of protein In the
form OF clover hay, gluten, or the like,
a scanty supply of silage or Of water,
and the milk flow is cut down.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
New Jersey Farmers Pool.

Eight farmers cooperative organi-
cations Of New Jersey have voted to
pool their buying power by the for
nation Of the New Jersey Farmers
Cooperative Purchasing association,
representing over 1900 members who
last year purchased comparatively
nearly 5000, 900 worth of farm supplies
and who as individuals buy $2,500,0O
worth each year.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
DAIRY cows SHOW DECREASE
Does Not Seem Likely That Business
viii Ever Suffer a Season Of
overproductlon.

There Is little II any danger of over
doing the dairy business. In the Unit
ed States at present there are fewer
dairy cows per capita than there were
In 1890 or 1900, and about the same
number as there were In 1910. The
discoveries of science have stimulated
the use Of dairy products. Medical ad
visers are encouraging more use oe
the product. 1t does not seem likely
that the dairy business will suffer a
season Of overproduction.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12

ems supply the garden with one of the
best forms Of fertilizer. The poultry
manure from flock Of 20 hens has n
fertilizer value of about sos during
the year. says the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. Poultry
manure usually contains to 7 per
cent of nitrogen. which Is about equal
to high grade fertilizer.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
MILK CONSUMED ON FARMS
Value Nearly Equal to That Of Prod
uct Sold, According to Estimates
Of Department.

The value of milk consumed on
farms In 1922 was nearly equal to
the value Of the milk sold, according
to estimates of the United States De-
partment Of Agriculture. The farm
value Of milk sold Is estimated at
$722, 100000 and Of milk consumed on
farms at $836,OOO,OOO.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
HAVE LONG ROWS
IN YOUR GARDEN
Plan viii Not Only Save Labor
but Will Prevent Injury to
Tender Plants.

Arrange the garden in long rows
and cultivate the crops with a horse
whenever this Is possible, suggests the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. Horse cultivation can be prac-
ticed where the rows are as narrow as
"a inches, but as rule 1t does not
pay to have the rows closer than 80
or 80 inches.
One good arrangement Is to have
the crops grown In three-foot rows &C.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Roses to Screen Porch.

to time blow about and spoil even the
most charming home pictures. Home
will always be more attractive and
pleasant If 1t Is surrounded by the
beautiful growing things of nature as
well as the necessities. One also owes
It to ones pride as citizen In a com
munity, and to the right of other peo-
pie to see beauty around them. not to
permit the home surroundings to be
ugly and unattractive.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
manaoer for RalsIn Growers.

Wylle NJ. Giffen. president of the
Sun Maid Raisin Growers of Califor-
MIA, announces the appointment OF
Ralph ]. Merritt as managing direc-
tor. Mr.. Merritt organized the Rice
Growers Association and was former
~ state food administrator and uni
yersity comptroller.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
CHICKENS EAT SCRAPS

There is always more or less waste
material from the garden. This In
cludes weeds. trimmings from the
vegetables as they are prepared for
the table, and surplus plants that are
pulled out in thinning the crops, all
of which makes excellent green food
for the chickens. In return. tho chick
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
HOW THE SOIL PRODUCES

Plants are the transformers of ma
lures food supply. 1t would be i'm
possible for human beings to subsIst
upon the raw food materials of the
soil. but such plants as beans, peas,
carrots, beets, ETC.. convert this food
in surprisingly short space OF time,
giving to human beings fresh. tasty,
nourishing food.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
SAVE GRASS CLIPPINGS

When you cut the grass on your
lawn 1t is wise to pile 1t up or save It
in some kind Of waste box. unless
1t Is fed to the chickens. Grass clip
pings and other decayed vegetable
matter make good fertilizer for the
garden.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Alfalfa for Gotta.

Alfalfa hay Is especially valuable
for feeding growing colts because II
contains a high percentage Of protein
and tends to produce more growth Of
bone and muscle than does timothy or
prairie hay.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Clean Wallow Hole.

The clean wallow hole Is impor-
tant. Hogs may use the muddy wal
low II no other Is available; but II
clean water is provided In concrete
wallow they viii prefer it to the mud
hole.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12

The success of the plan has given
Mrs. Martin vision of all rural
America made over into great COM
munity farm-the dwelling place of
prosperity and happiness. She has
been made chairman Of the home and
community department of the Ameri-
can Farm Bureau federation and
through this department Will build
her vision into reality.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Co-operatlve Serum.

The Indiana Farm Bureau fedora
ton has concluded contract whereby
the anti-hog-cholera serum will be
made available to farm bureau men,
bers Mt cost. This Is In fact co
operative manufacture and distribu.
tion of serum.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
EVERY PLANT HAS A STORY

Natures lessons are told In grow
ing plants more than they could ever
be written In thousand books. Every
flower or vegetable that grows In the
garden unfolds story for young and
old.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Protein In Lacking.

Cows that receive only timothy hay.
corn fodder. beet pulp. roots, corn and
barley do not produce to their capacity
because they are not getting enough
protein.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
/ POULTRY
|VXVST
FEEDING POULTRY FOR EGGS
Profitable Returns From Laying Hens
Are Largely Result Of Feeding
Balanced Ration.

Good egg production and profitable
returns from laying hens are largely
the result of properly balanced ra-
tons composed of wholesome feeds.
A balanced ration IL a combination
Of feeds which furnish lust tho neces-
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Stall 10 Essential.

To stable cows comfortably. a prop
erly arranged and constructed stall IL
essential.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12
Use ONLY oest Bull.

To-day, tomorrow and forever. use
only the best bull you can and.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-12

A hen egg contains 70 to 70 per cent
water.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1923-08-31

hours today now. The employ
ers will make all kinds of
promises for the future, with the hope
that the wage earners will lapse into
lethargy and forget about them. The
employers have fought and will fight
for more profits, and the workman
should enter into the spirit of the age
and combine with their kind and fight
for their interests also.
Business of all kinds is organized; !;
the men who do the work should take
the tip from the business interests and
protect themselves by applying the
business mans methods. Every
workman should make up his mind
that the employers are not going to
generously hand him more wages and
other betterments unless they are
compelled to. Over 100000 men
and women are members of labor
unions in the United States. That
this vast number of toilers realize the
necessity of cooperation should be
conclusive argument to the morgan
lied that organization is the most
effective method of meeting present
day conditions
The labor union is practical. 1t
does things. Its program is not made
up of promises to be fulfilled in (may-
be) the dim future. 1t deals with
wages, hours, and conditions of labor
this week, this day, this minute. Or
ganized labor is not organized charity
Every member has to do his or her
part, and when achievements are real
lied the benefits are distributed
equally. 1t is a plain business propo-
sition. The labor union transacts its
business right here on earth and not
in the clouds
When members of unions want
more wages they tell their employers
how much more they want They are
not scared by the employers, the same
kind of blood flows in the veins of the
employers as in the workman. En-
ployers have no divine rights, neither
have the employees. The labor unions
bargain with the big and small en-
ployers. Workmen want a square
deal, and the only way to get it is to
get together in labor union and de-
mand it. They fight for it.-Jack
Moore.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1923-08-31

with the foundry superintendent and
later with the owner. They called
attention to the higher wages being
paid in union foundries and to the
many advances in wages which union
molders had received throughout the
country. The firm, however, told
them that they could not afford to
raise wages and also that they most
positively would not. The molders
becoming convinced that the firm
would not give them any increase,
consulted among themselves and fin
ally hit upon a plan. The shop had
been running as nine-hour day foun-
dry, and the molders feeling the alb
solute necessity of securing an in
crease in wages, reached the conclu-
sion that they might lengthen the
work day. The owner of the foundry
was asked whether he would be will
ing to permit the molders to work
ten hours day. He agreed to this
proposal with the understanding that
the tenth hour would have to be work
ed for at straight time. And so these
non-union molders, desirous of secur-
ing an advance in wages which they
were entitled to, and went from nine
to ten hours, striking illustration
of the fruits of non-unionism and of
the inability of wage earners to pro-
tect their interests without effective
organization.-John p Frey.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1923-08-31
WHEN The WORKERS
MORALE IS LOWERED

'Preponderance of judgment re-
CARDS unemployment as one of the
worst evils of civilization"
Stuart A. Rice, one of the investi-
gators selected by President Harding's
conference on unemployment, makes
this unqualified statement in a strik-
ing inquiry into the effect of unem-
ployment upon the worker and his
family
He contributes chapter on this
subject to the recent exhaustive re-
port prepared by the national bureau
of economic research for the commit
tee on business cycles and unemploy-
ment, headed by Owen D. Young,
chairman of the General Electric
Company, which has in view the ulti-
mate warding off of another such
wave of distress as afflicted the
country in 1921.
Mr. Rice finds that, as regards the
worker, unemployed through no fault
of his own, among the specific imme-
diate results is the fact that family
income is reduced, or cut off entirely,
with resulting expenditure of savings
and incurring of debts. In protracted
cases the physical disintegration of
the home begins A lower plane of
living is necessarily adopted, result
ing in undernourishment and malnu-
triton, lapsing into bad health and
lowered vitality.
When the future looks threatening