davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Handling of Parasites
of European Corn Borer

More than 100000 individuals Of
an important parasite Of the European
corn borer, Habrobracon brevicornis
Wesmael, have been successfully
reared and liberated in the densely
infested area in New England. It was
believed by entomologists of the Unit
ed States Department of Agriculture
that it might be worth while to at
tempt to introduce it into the badly
infested areas of southern Ontario.
Following a suggestion to this effect
made to the Dominion entomologist,
Arthur Gibson, authorization was re-
Gently given by the Canadian govern
ment for an assistant for this purpose.
This entomologist recently visited the
laboratory at Arlington, Mass, to re-
ceive instruction in the technique nee
essary for handling the parasite, which
will shortly be reared and introduced
into Canada.
Several other promising parasites of
the corn borer have been received
from France and are being reared at
the Arlington laboratory. At least
one additional species will soon be
ready for liberation.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Grade or Scrub Bulls
Used in This Country
Low Average Milk Produc-
ton Per Cow Is Result.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Seventy-five per cent of the dairy
bulls In use in the United States are
either grades or scrubs. They are
bulls from ancestry that has not been
bred generation after generation for
large and economical production Of
milk and butterfat This fact, says the
United States Department Of Agricul-
ture, accounts for the low average pro-
duction per COW in this country.
In 1921, there we're less than $4,000
purebred bull calves registered by the
breed associations. But this probably
does not represent half the purebred
bulls born in 1921. The $4,000 or more
that were not registered, we're probably
slaughtered because their breeders
were not able to market them profit
ably. This is because the average
farmer is not yet convinced of the adj
vantages to be derived from the use Of
purebred sires. If every purebred bull
calf born in this country were raised, 1t
would take three or four years crop
VI Caves 10 IcpAdCc IuS 81 ouO 0AAu
scrub bulls Numbering approximately
6O,OO0) that are being used in dairy
herds. When It Is considered that not
all purebred calves are worthy OF be-
ing used, even on grade herds, and
allowance is made for the normal
death rate and other factors that enter
to cut down the number Of purebred
balls raised, the above estimate OF
three or four years could safely be in
creased to five or six years as the time
that would be required to replace the
scrub bulls.
Only per cent of our dairy cattle
are purebred, and the supply Of pure
bred bulls would be wholly inadequate
If the farmers Of the country could
only appreciate the benefit it would
be to them to head their producing
herds with purebred sires Of good pro-
ducing strains.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Easily Digested Feeds
Are Suitable for Ducks

To be suitable for ducks, food must
be soft and easily digestible, such as
meals. grasses, vegetables, and small
scraps of meat, because ducks do not
have crops like fowls, and the food
passes directly from the mouth through
the gullet into the gizzard. II ducks
are compelled to eat many whole
grains or hard foods of any kind they
will not be able to get the nOurishment
they require for rapid growth. Young
ducklings especially must have soft
and easily digested food, as they grow
almost three times as fast as chicks,
and if they fail to get the proper nour-
ishment they will not grow as they
should. If the fields over which tney
are allowed to wander have streams
intersecting them, they will probably
get enough green food on the range
to satisfy their wants. Where the
range is deficient in green food or
where they cannot be allowed a great
deal Of freedom, ducks should be fed
ample quantities of clover, alfalfa,
fresh grass, and similar foods These
foods should always be run through a
feed cutter and cut into very small
pieces before being fed to the birds
In addition to this green food breed
ing ducks should be fed twice day
as much as they will eat Of a mash
consisting, by measure, Of mixture
of IL parts wheat bran, 4 parts of
corn meal, 1 part Of low grade wheat
flour, and Il part of fine grit, and
liz parts Of meat scrap.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Feeding Pigs Skim Milk
Makes Them Gain Faster

The animal husbandry department
of the New Jersey agricultural ex-
pertinent station recently conducted a
feeding trial with skim milk for mar
ket pigs. Two lots Of ten pigs each
were used. The pigs were of sim
liar age, weight and breeding at the
outset. Lot No. / received shelled
corn, wheat middlings, and digested
tankage. Lot No. 2 received the same
feeds, plus so pounds of skim milk
per day. A self-feeder supplied the
grain rations for both lots The in
crease in gains made by the skim
milk lot over the cost o. the grain
justified the feeding of five pounds of
skim milk per pig at cost of
SO cents per hundred pounds for
the milk. Furthermore, the pigs grew
much faster and we're ready for
the market at a much earlier date.
The skim milk should be pastuer-
lied. If from tubercular cows, as pigs
at this age are highly susceptible to
the disease. There is practically no
difference between feeding the milk
sweet or sour, SO long as one method
is adhered to regularly.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
klOIL1IR
|
Real Meaning of Term
Sports" Not Understood

OpO1LS NOt O1lUGISCOOO
The real meaning of the term
sports" as applied to fowls, is not
quite understood by a good many
poultry keepers. Now, in breeding
many varieties there will often come
a chicken that is contrary to the
parent birds, and the reason for this
sometimes seems very strange.
For example, those who have bred
Silver Laced Wyandcttes know that
frequently a white one, and occasion
ally black one, will be produced,
and it was the breeding together of
these so-called sports that gave US
the two distinct colors. the White
Wyandotte and the Black Wyandotte,
as we know them today. Where
very lightly laced birds are used
there is a greater tendency to
white, and just the opposite when a
very heavily laced bird is used, the
sport here coming black. Partridge
Wyandottes will also throw few
white ones, and those who breed
them in big quantities will produce
perhaps four or ave white ones dur.
ing the year.
Another common example of sports"
is found in the fact that oftentimes
q rose comb breed will throw single
comb fowl. There is always an occa-
sionaI tendency in this direction, and
it does not prove that the parent
stock is bad, nor that it does not
measure up to the required purebred
standard. Many of our present-day
breeds are the results of working
from sports. The black Plymouth
came first from the barred, and for
years no one ever heard of male
chicken coming black, these being all
females. Today we have a distinct
breed known as the Black Rock.
1t is probable that all of our more
than q hundred modern varieties Of
poultry descended from the one kind
of original jungle fowl. In fact, most
Of our now numerous varieties have
been created during the past 40 or
so years. The old breeds, like the
Black Langshans, do not often pro-
duce sports, for the reason that they
have been bred pure for many hum
dreds of years, perhaps for thou
sands of years. But modern breeds.
such as the Orpingtons, Rhode Island
Reds, ETC., are given to producing
sports.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Spacing Influence
on Crop Of Corn
Experiments Of Particular
Interest in Sections Where
Two Types Are Grown.

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agriculture)
Experiments to determine the In
duence Of space between hills of corn
on the yield per plant and per acre
have been conducted for several years
by the United States Department Of
Agriculture, and the results published
In Department Bulletin 1857, now
ready for distribution The results
are Of particular interest to those por-
tons Of the United States where both
the single-ear and prolific types of corn
are more or less commonly grown.
TWO Varieties Described.
The single-ear type is described as
having resulted from continuous selec-
ton toward one large ear per stalk, al
though under favorable conditions two
well-developed ears may be produced.
AS contrasted with the single-ear type,
the prolific is distinguished by the
normal production Of more than one
ear per stalk. The ears usually are
smaller.
AS both types are grown extensively, 1t
Is Of agronomic interest to know which
yields more efficiently under ordinary
field conditions where the production
of the plants is likely to be infu-
enced by irreguIarity Of stand and by
the inequalities Of termination, soil,
and growing conditions. The purpose
Of the present investigation was to
study the reaction Of these types un-
der conditions that provided wide
range in the environment, obtained in
this case by altering the spacing Of the
plants.
Prolific More Productive.
IN these experiments the prolific type
was more productive than the single
ear type. It also was more efficient
in increasing the yield per plant and
in increasing the number of ears per
plant. While the single-ear type was
more efficient In increasing the weight
Of the ear. the prolific type produced a
larger yield per acre because increas-
Ing the number of ears was more effec-
tive than increasing the weight of the
individual ears.
The experiments indicate that in
sections to which both types are adapt
ed in general the prolific will be the
more productive under conditions of
general field culture because Of its bet
ter adjustment to varying conditions.
Those interested in this bulletin may
secure it free Of charge by writing to
the United States Department of Ag-
riculture, Washington, d. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09

A mistake is frequently made by

A mistake Is frequently made by
overlooking the requirements of the
cows on pasture. Only when there is
an abundance of fresh green grass or
its equivalent will pasture provide cows
with sufficient feed for proper main
tenance and full production of M
This is especially important this sum-
mer when pasturage is short all over
the state. 1t is .unwise to try to save
feed by depending upon pasture alone.
Supplement the Pasture.
Pasture may be supplemented with
corn silage, soiling crops, like oats and
peas, sudan grass, alfalfa, green corn
Of the sweet, flint and dent varieties
and other available feeds Of this ma
Iure. 1t pays to supplement these feeds
with concentrates and hay, if neces-
sary, in order to keep up the produc-
ton of the best cows.
On high-priced land, pasture is often
wasteful, and limited amount of pas
ture supplemented with other feeds
offers the most economical returns
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Movable Roasting Coops
Good for Young Fowls

When the chicks are old enough to
leave the brood coops and when they
are weaned from broody hens or brood
ers, they grow so rapidly that they
need more room. To meet this re
ouirement, poultrymen use what are
known as roosting coops. These are
structures about six feet long, three
feet wide, three feet high in front ana
tygo feet high at the rear. They have
waterproof roofs, but the front side
and one end, or the front side and two
ends are covered with wire so that the
air can circulate through freely In
warm weather, but hostile animals
cannot get in.
TO keep out driving rains or for use
in cooler weather, particularly when
the chicks are first put in and the
nights are chilly, curtains of cloth OF
burlap are attached to the tops OF the
open sides so that they can be rolled
down and fastened to protect the
chicks when necessary. The curtain
covering each side is made separate
from the others so that much or little
space may be left open according TO
requirements and according to which
way the wind blows or the storm
drives.
Thes little buildings should be NOV
able and it is good pan to place them
on skids with rounded ends so that
they can be drawn from place to place.
thus affording a fresh, new location ev-
cry day or two. Many poultry keep
ers block up these little houses so that
there is a space between the floor ana
the ground which affords cool, shady
place for the chicks during hot days.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
EDUCATION ALONE
MEETS SITUATION
American Farmers Must Be Pre-
pared to Overcome Foreign
Competition.

Americas future depends upon the
Soundness of her rural leadership, the
directness of their teaching and the
Justice of their demands, according to
K. L. Hatch of the agricultural staff
Of the University of Wisconsin.
In common with other leading agri-
cultural educators, Hatch sees in the
issue contest between capital and
labor in which the public interest plays
too little part.
us the farmer to be drawn into
this destructive whirlpool" he asks.
To this question he gives this very
definite answer: IF he is, then has
America passed the zenith Of her
glory" 1t is his belief that if the
farmer is not it will be due to the
.soundness Of our rural leadership, the
directness of their teaching and the
justice of their demands.
Sees Danger Ahead
He sees a four-fold menace staring
the farming industry in !, the face.
These are: the Russian menace, the
Argentine menace, the tropical menace,
and the impending menace Of peas
antry.
With an agricultural population and
a land area three times that of the
United States, Russia produces huge
food and fiber SURPRISES. The rest Of
Europe eats out of Russia's bread bas-
ket. But until trade with Russia is
established, they must depend on
America for food. 1t is this European
market that American farmers have
been supplying. With Russia back in
the game, this market goes to her.
Argentine is fast becoming the meat
basket of the world, according to this
Badger educator. All nations are now
clamoring for South American trade.
The Argentine is nearer to Europe than
1t is to America. Her great ranges
can produce pork and beef and mutton
at low cost. The South American re-
public may even send her meat to
Americas shores, here to compete
with the homegrown meats.
Under the burning sun of the tropics
Is manufactured vast quantity of
vegetable oil. Hatch challenged Bad
gsS farmers to think of the great and
fertile valleys Of the tropics.
Must Avoid Peasant Tenantry.
The low price for farm products, the
standards maintained by organized
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Premium Money Used
to Purchase New Seed
Number of Desirable Crops
Introduced in Nebraska.

prepared by thegUnited States Department
of Agriculture.)
By utilizing SAG of the premiums won
by the previous years agricultural ex-
hibit at the state fair to purchase
seeds of crops, vegetables, and melons
on the premium list Of the fair which
were not grown in the county, Keith
county, Neb., last year introduced a
pnmber Of desirable crops into its
farming system, according to a report
to the United States Department OF
Agriculture.
The seed for each variety, including
many kinds Of corn wheat, oats, bar
lev, rye, and other grain, seed, and for
age crops, tame and native grasses,
potatoes, onions, tomatoes, cabbage,
squashes, pumpkins, melons, root crops,
and miscellaneous field and garden
crops, was divided into four parts and
one part given free to volunteer
grower in each Of four different sec
lions of the county under condition
that the seed be planted on good soil,
well cultivated, and two samples OF
the best of each product furnished Tor
exhibition at the state fair.
The paintings were careruily
watched and cultivated under the SUI
pervision Of the county agricultural ex-
tension agent When the specimens
were collected in the fall, over 400 ex-
hibits representing more than twenty
crops were sent by the county to the
state fair and later were shown IN the
county fair. That farming in the coun-
ty need not be confined to one crop
was demonstrated by the excellent
quality of the products exhibited which
won in individual awards at the state
fair over 100 first premiums, almost as
many seconds, thirds, and fourths COM
bined, and also by the fact that Of the
$50 exhibits of products, 387 were
classed by the judges as good, 60 as
medium, and none as poor.
A number of new crops, such as milo,
feterita, orange cane, broom corn, Iowa
oats. and japanese millet, seem par
ticularly we'll adapted to the local con-
ditions and are being grown again this
year, according to reports to the De-
partment Of Agriculture.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Use Of Acid Phosphate
Does Not Iniure Soil

Not infrequently the fear is ex-
pressed that the continued use Of acid
phosphate on land will increase the
sourness of the soil. Experimental
evidence, however, shows that this
fear is unfounded. In fact, there is
evidence to show that it has a slight
tendency to reduce the acidity. A
number of experiments have been
conducted in which heavy applications
Of acid phosphate were made on GER
tain plots for long period Of years.
The results show that these plots are
not as sour as plots receiving no treat
ment.
The term "acid phosphate" is pri-
marily a trade name; derived from
the fact that it is made by treating
raw phosphate with sulphuric acid.
This name has been largely respon-
sible for the erroneous opinion. There
Is nothing in the material which will
lnjure the soil. It's use may confidently
be expected to produce entirely bene-
fetal results.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Poultry Notes

Don't crowd; better sell some Of the
birds and make room.
When lice come into the hen house,
profit usually goes out.
Lively chicks come from the eggs
laid by hens Of good breeding and VI
tality.
hen that will lay during the fall
shows her persistence and value as
good producer.
Ducklings need plenty Of fresh wa
ter in dishes deep enough for them
to wash their eyes and nostrils.
Oatmeal and buttermiIk, either
fresh or in the dried form, are two of
the best developers for growing chicks.
The warm-weather chick is not Of
so robust a type, as rule, as the
early one, the parent stock often be-
ing run down and less vigorous.
Vigorous breeding stock is the first
essential for healthy chicks, but some
times when good start is made,
neglect and improper care work havoc.
Duck eggs and ducklings are more
readily available, and about 20 cents
apiece is a fair price for fresh eggs.
Ducklings can be shipped fairly sue
ooccfuJJv
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Prominent Duck Growers
Give Fattening RatiOni


In reply to an inquiry sent out by
the bureau Of animal industry Omitted
States Department Of Agricultural to
prominent duck growers throughout
the country, the following replies
among others were received by the
authorities:
"The last ten days before marketing
we feed about three-hfths cornmeal
with one-ffth -four and one-fifth bran,
with beet scrap and grit.
sFor market, keep them from swim
ming. Give one part green feed to two
parts grain mixture. Two to three
weeks before marketing shorten up the
green feed and add more corn. With
too much green feed the flesh does not
stand up so well as with more grain.
Two-thirds cornmeal and one-third
bran and mlddlings given with IL per
cent of beef scrap makes a good fat
tening ration"
.gTo condition ducks for market a
small dark enclosure with fresh drink
ing water and cornmeal mash hot in
the morning and whole-shelled corn the
rest of the day. Give all they will
eat"
"Our market ducks are kept confined
and fed four times daily, by measure,
two parts Of bran, one part Of corn
meal, one part of oil meal and beef
scrap and one part of shorts. Cooked
vegetables are added from time to
time. This ration is dampened with
water until it will crumble. Green
feed, grit and water are always before
them"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Peculiar Points to Look
for in Selection of Ran


If good lambs are to be had they
must have the proper breeding and
this cannot be gotten with ram
picked up anywhere at small cost.
According to T. G. Stone, sheep ex-
pert with the Iowa State college many
farmers who are starting in the sheep
business are picking up rams just be-
cause they are to be had at a smaller
cost, with ancestry unknown, than
those which have a certified pedigree,
but cost little more
In selecting a ram here are some OF
the points to look for: See that he
has the masculine stamp. This is in
dicated by a short broad face, large
broad nostrils short thick neck and
general ruggedness.
See that he has good constitution
and an ample chest capacity. This is
Indicated by the spring and depth Of
rib, a good fore rib, and short strong
back. A good condition of fleece and
skin is essential and can be observed
by feeling of the fleece. 1t should be
dense and Of good length. The skin
Is pink when the animal is in good
health. Fleece that is dry indicates
unusual conditions.
The ram should be close to the
ground and have quiet disposition.
Much care should be taken in picking
ram and the results will show very
soon. It is as essential to pick good
ram as 1t is to have a good sire for the
cattle.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Concentrates Necessary
to Insure Thrifty Sows

The amount of concentrate neces-
sary to insure a thrifty sow and a
thrifty litter is small And only in
rare cases will it be necessary to buy
supplements. On dairy farms no bet
ter protein feed can be given than the
skim milk. If milk is not available,
alfalfa, clover, soy bean or cowpea
hay will be satisfactory. This hay
should be fed in low racks and may
be placed in the lots to be consumed
at Will
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Milk Is Valuable Feed
to Keep Chicks Healthy

Milk is a valuable feed for young
chicks, as it not only stimulates the
many forces required for normal
growth but aids in the prevention of
diseases. Sour milk or buttermilk in
many cases actually proves a remedy
for coccidiosis, the most dreaded of
all chick diseases.
AS long as the chicks can be kept
growing rapidly they are less suscep-
tible to disease of any kind, but es-
pecially to coccidiosis and it is largely
on account of it's aid in warding off
this disease that many poultry raisers
have come to consider milk as being
essential for chicks during the first
eight weeks
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
Panels in Mixed Car of
Hogs Will Prevent Loss

Rather heavy losses are some
times reported from the mixing of diff
ferent lots of hogs in car sent by
local shipping associations. Strange
hogs put together are very likely to
fight and do much damage.
1t pays, according to DeKalb County
Adviser Tom Roberts, to put panels
across the car to separate the differ
ent lots, says the Prairie Farmer. A
few planks of rough. inexpensive lum-
Der will serve the purpose. It takes
only few minutes time to fix them,
and if only one hog is saved it will
more than pay the cost.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-08-09
SOME WAYS TO "GET"
THE SPUD DISEASES

Start with clean seed; Wisconsin
certified or inspected seed is pre-
ferred.
Treat the seed; corrosive sublimate
has given good results under Wiscon-
sin conditions.
Plant on well-prepared soil; this
gives the young plants good conditions
for vigorous start.
Cultivate the soil; this keeps the
soil loose, kills the weeds, and saves
moisture.
Spray vines with arsenical poison
and bordeaux for insects and diseases
as needed; timely and thorough
spraying gives good results.