davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Farm Implements Should
Be Placed Under Cover

The average farmer does not get full
value out OF the most Of the farm i'm
plements that he buys for at least two
reasons. One reason is that he has
no place to house them, hence they
weather-that is, they get wet and rust
or decay. Having implements lay out
in the weather a season is worse on
them than one seasons use.
In too many cases the writer has
seen farm implements such as plows,
cultivators, binders, and many other
implements setting in the field where
last used, and many times, the shovels
of cultivators are even left in the
ground.
Before using these implements the
next season the shovels of cultivators
and the various bright parts of the
implements have to be secured with
sand rock before using This not only
takes off a layer of metal but requires
great deal Of time. If one will just
think moment he will know that the
work Of securing the implements and
getting them ready for use is much
more work than to have cleaned and
creased these bright metal parts with
axle grease and painted the wood and
other metal parts when through using
the implements. BY doing this the air
and water is kept from the metal and
wood, hence, the implements will fare
well even if left out in the weather.
BY w. H. McPheeters, Extension Farm
Engineer, Oklahoma A. and M. College.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Pea Aphis Will Attack
Three Important Crops

The pea aphis is seriously infesting
the entire cannery pea section in Stan
islaus county, CAL, and lighter in
festation extends over the Santa Clara
valley, according to reports received
by the United States Department Of
Agriculture. This insect is also doing
considerable damage to alfalfa in the
vicinity Of Topeka, Kans. The Kan
sas infestation is over region where
the growing of garden peas is rather
extensive. The association Of alfalfa
and peas is suggested as being favor
able for the multiplication of this in
sect.
Infestations by this pea aphis were
so serious on spinach in the Santa
Clara valley, Cal, that seven can
neries ceased canning this vegetable
this spring. The damage was not so
much the infestation of the aphis as
the presence of such enormous num-
bers of the syrphid larvae which prey
upon them from the spinach in the
washing process.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Prepare Soil for
Fall-SoWn Alfalfa
Late July or Early August Is
Best Time, According to
Federal Experts.

Prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Preparation of the seed bed for fall
sowing of alfalfa should begin in late
July or early August, in the opinion
of experts of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. In the
eastern alfalfa region from Pennsyl-
vania south, September is a common
time for fall alfalfa sowing the date
varying with local conditions. To get
ehe soil settled it should be plowed
not later than early August. Then
just before seeding time it should
be loosened up for depth Of about
2 inches. If the subsurface is not well
packed the conditions will not be
favorable for the young alfalfa plants.
Applying Lime.
Alfalfa needs lime. If the soil is
deficient, put on at least ton Of the
best Of air-slaked or it's equivalent in
other pulverized forms. This can be
applied at blowing time or later, be-
fore the first narrowing, bearing in
mind that lime must be well incor-
porated with the soil to be effective.
Arrange early for the seed. Domes-
tic-grown seed is better than imported,
which is likely to be of the Turkestan
variety. Domestic-grown common al
falfa seed such as is raised in Kansas
or is grown under similar conditions
is advised except for the northern part
Of the Eastern states, where Grimm
or some other hardy variety should
be used.
incubation of Soil.
Do not forget to inoculate the soil.
Directions and the addresses of
sources from which bacteria can be OBJ
tanned will be furnished by the De
partment of Agriculture or your state
experiment station, or can be obtained
through your county agent. Do not
try to see how little seed you can
use and still obtain a satisfactory
stand. On the other hand, more than
90 pounds to the acre is unnecessary.
If the sowing Is done in September
and conditions are favorable the
young plants should reach a height of
II inches or more before winter. The
crop should not be cut, but allowed to
go through the winter to permit sue
cessful survival Of the freezing
months.
Circulars giving specific directions
for growing alfalfa under various
local conditions may be obtained from
the department on request.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Destroying Army Worms
by Use of Paris Green

The army worm is smooth, striped
caterpillar about an inch and quar-
ter long and quarter Of an inch In
diameter. It is rather dark in ap-
pearance. While normally it feeds
by night and hides by day, not being
generally noticed, as soon as it has
increased to such numbers that its
food supply falls short it starts to
travel, and, becoming holder, feeds
during both day and night.
How worms may be destroyed: If
the worms have not yet attacked a
field, the most practicable way to
keep them out is to pillow burrows in
front of them, throwing the furrow in
the direction toward which they are
travelling. The worms will fall into
the furrow, and when this is full they
may be killed either by dragging a
log back and forth in the furrow, or
by destroying the worms in holes pre-
viously dug at interbals Of twenty feet
In the bottom of the furrow Kero-
sene poured on them In the holes Will
destroy them. If the worms are al
ready in the field, the following mix
ture, which will attract the worms
and destroy them, should be spread
about. One pound of paris green (poi-
sonous), fifty pounds Of wheat bran
and the juice of one-half dozen or
anges.
Bring this mixture to a stiff dough
by the use Of diluted molasses, and
scatter it amongst the worms. Care
should be taken to keep this dough
from children or domestic animals.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Quantities Of Milk
to Feed Young Calf
Underfeeding at Start Is
Better Than Overlooking.
prepared by the United States Department
of Agrtculture.)

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agricultural
The United States Department Of
Agriculture gives some figures ON the
quantities Of milk that may be fed
to calves at different ages. At. birth
a 5O-pound calf needs about 8 pounds
a day, while 1O0-pound calf will use
IL pounds. Undertaking at the start,
says the department, is better than
overlooking. Some beginners make the
mistake of giving the calf all it wants.
This would probably be good prac-
tice if the calf were fed every 2 or 8
hours, as is the case when it runs
with the COW. However, when young
calf has been without feed for from
8 to IL hours, there is danger that it
will gorge itself if allowed to con-
sumo all it wants, which may cause
digestive trouble.
A uniform temperature of about 90
degrees f. is necessary if the milk
is to agree with the calf and produce
the best results Some feeders at
tempt to make up for any lack in
quality of the milk by increasing the
quantity. For instance, they will feed
much more skim milk than whole milk
in the belief that the increased quanti-
ty will make up for the lack of but
terfat This is wrong, as the same
rule about overlooking holds good
with skim milk as with whole milk.
If on account Of age, souring, or dirt,
the qrality Of the milk is poor, the
quantity should be reduced rather
than increased. The calf will not lose
so much in development through a re-
duction in feed as he would from d.
gestive disorders. A calf often can
take a relatively small quantity Of bad
milk for long periods and hold its own
and even make small gains, when a
larger portion would cause digestive
trouble and even endanger the ami
mails life.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
CLEAN CULTURE FOR
THE CRANBERRY BOG

BY H. L. RUSSELL, Director Wiscon-
sin Agricultural Experiment Station.
The results of the clean-culture
method of cranberry-bog culture, that
is, sanding and draining, continue to
demonstrate the advantage of this plan
of cultivation in comparison with the
older methods of bog management.
The example of the cranberry branch
station was before the growers Of the
state for several years before many
individual growers undertook this nee
.essary mode of procedure, which will
insure comparative immunity from
summer frosts and a greater certainty
Of crop production.
Andrew Searles Of Walker was the
first commercial grower to adopt the
new method. He planted several acres
in 1910 which were first scalped and
drained, then sanded. For several
years he had been getting a much bet
ter crop than by the old method until
finally his yield on the sanded Dogs is
fully four times as much as Is being
secured by the old way. 0. G. Malde
has aided In the installation of new
boys in several parts of the state.
Paintings have been made according to
the new method at Shell Lake, Spring
Brook, Valley Junction, and Warrens.
Slowly, but in an increasing degree
most of the new projects were being
installed on the clean-culture basis.
A good many of the old growers at
tempted to reclaim their old bogs by
sanding on top after partial attempts
at wedding. Where this is done with
out adequate drainage, the retained
moisture facilitated luxuriant moss
growth, which was bad for the bog,
and minimized materially the advan-
tages Of the clean-culture process.
officials of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, who visited most
of the Wisconsin boys one summer with
Made. were thoroughly. convinced that
the so-called blight which apparently
prevents the development of much OF
the fruit after blossoming was really
due to lack of vitality of the vines,
caused by improper cultural conditions,
more especially insufficient drainage.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Raspberry Cane-Borer Is
Cause of Great Damage

The raspberry has several insects
and diseases that reduce the crop
very greatly. The cane-borer is one
that works so quietly that it is not
usually noticed by the novice. The
adult beetles feed on the leaves and
do some damage In this way.
The most damage is caused by the
young worms feeding just under the
bark and causing the cane to form
a gall. Later the worms go inside and
bore into the pith where they remain
over winter. When spring opens they
change to adults.
Spraying does not control them.
The best method of control Is to ex-
anime the canes in the early spring
and cut out close to the ground those
that are found infested. These are
readily found on account of the gals
and swellings.
The infested canes must be burned
before the beetles come out. Dump
ing them in brush pile only keeps
the beetles from finding new shoots
for short time Burning is the best
remedy.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
BETTER SWEET CORN
IS BEING DEVELOPED

To secure better sweet corn over 200
rows of inbred pedigreed grain, field
selections and first and second genera
tion crosses Of the common sweet corn
varieties were grown last year at the
experiment station farm near Madison.
Several Of the inbred strains of Ever
green sweet corn have stood up re-
markably well and will be used for
f11t11re selection. In the process Of
lnbreeding many of the poor charac-
teristics have been eliminated from
strains, though their vigor and yield
have been maintained.
OF the Crosby sweet corn two dis
tinct strains were isolated, one like
the well-known Crosby, the other
variation Of the borrowed type. From
tha Golden Bantam sweet corn an ex-
cellent strain has been obtained which
nroyed to be unusually early and COM
hined with vigor and high yield. Some
promising material was also obtained
from second generation crosses OF ny
hrids produced from crosses between
tbe various sweet corn varieties. When
cross-bred corn produced from Gold
on Bantam and Evergreen and another
nrc43uced from Golden Bantam and
Crosby were again crossed, ears were
isolated in which the yellow color of
tba Golden Bantam parent had been
combined with the II and 16-rowed
condition of the other parent. 1t is
boned that with continuation of this
york the fine quality of the Golden
Rantam corn can be successfully com
hined with types Of higher yield and
better vigor than this strain now pos
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Flaxseed Production
Will Show Increase
Prices Fluctuate to Disad-
vantage Of the Growers.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
There is an increasing spread be-
tween the production of fiaXSeed in
the United States and the demand for
United States Department of Agricul-
ture Until 1908 this country produced.
on an average, more than it consumed
and therefore was able to export a
surplus in nearly every year. Begin
ming with 1909, however, our produc-
ton began to decline, while our re-
quirements began to increase with
population. Net imports consequently
have increased. The reduction in con-
sumption in 1917 and 1918 was due to
war restrictions, and that in 1920 and
1921 to business depression. 1t is
fairly certain that the figures for 1922,
when available, will show an increase
in consumption.
AS the United States changed in POI
sition from an exporter to an importer
Of faxseed, the. farm price OF flax in
creased materially. In 1907, when a
surplus Of over 100000 bushels was
exported, the farm price of faxseed
on December 1 averaged 96 cents a
bushel In 1908. when production and
consumption we're practically equal,
the farm price of faxseed was $1.18
bushel. In 1909, when 4,957, 600
bushels were imported, the farm price
rose to $1.53 bushel.
In many localities a comparatively
small volume of faxseed is marketed !;
and because the price fuctuates wide
ly, fiaxseed usually is bought on a
wide margin, and the grower often
does not receive the full value Of his
crop. This condition could be Inn
proved If several growers Of faxseed
in such localities would combine their
deliveries and thus market a carload
or more at one time.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Imported Currant Worm
Reduces Yield of Fruit

Currents and gooseberries have
suffered severely from the depreda-
ton of the imported currant worm in
the last few years and this year we
may look for even greater infestation.
These worms can in few days strip
the bushes of leaves. This naturally
reduces the yield Of fruit and if re-
peated for several consecutive years,
may kill the bushes.
Now is the time to put stop to
the ravages of this insect. The most
effective treatment is spraying with
lead arsenate at the rate of two. or
three tablespoonful to gallon of
water. Lead arsenate has the desir-
able quality of adhering to the leaves.
for long time and retaining its
strength throughout that time. For
these reasons it is much preferred to
white hellebore, the old fashioned
currant worm remedy.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Cost of Feed Biggest
Item in Stock Farming

The cost of feed is the biggest item
in stock farming. To produce cheap
ration is therefore one Of the most i'm
portant factors in the business, and
the stock farmer who wishes to be
successful must learn how to reduce
his feed bill.
The Missouri experiment station re-
Gently issued bulletin on the cost
Of crop production, showing the cost
of putting up hay to be 1888 per ton.
They did not say whether this hay
was put up in stack or NOV, but the
figures indicate that modern labor
saving tools were used and that the
hay was well housed either in stack or
shed. It costs from 85 cents to $1.25
per ton to put corn in the silo; thus
we find that silage, on ton basis, can
be put up at from one-third to one
quarter the cost Of hay. The quality
of silage can be controlled, while the
quality of hay depends on the weather.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Free Choice System of
Mash Feed for Chickens

A study of the free choice system OF
mash feeding for chickens made by
the United States Department of
Agriculture at its experiment farm
located at Beltsville, Nd, showed that
the best results and highest egg pro
duction are obtained when hens are
allowed to select their own mash con-
gtituents. 1t was found that hens Sc
lected mash composed of GO parts
cornmeal, 26 parts meat scrap, A parts
wheat bran and parts wheat mid
dlings. This mash gives best results
with Leghorns, and less stimulating
mash, containing more bran and
ground oats, with less meat scrap. has.
given better results with general-pur-
pose breeds.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Ducks Grow Quickly and
Excel in Laying Ability

GANN4 III. A4ct A4A5 4AO4A4VJ
In considering the possibilities of the
poultry industry, the heavy egg produc-
ton and quick maturing qualities OF
the duck should not be overlooked.
Ducks will lay more eggs than chick
ems and will, if properly fed and ham
died, weigh six pounds each at nine to
ten weeks of age.
Unlike chickens, ducks may be
housed in very inexpensive houses. One
Indiana woman who few years ago
sold over $1,1OO worth of ducks in a
year, housed them in rail pens covered
with straw, at a cost of less than $40
for the entire flock. However, their
pens must be well bedded with clean,
dry straw, as duck with cold feet will
not lay. A we'll drained location should
be chosen for duck pens, as low, damp
ground soon becomes unsanitary.
In duck raising, as in all other
branches of the poultry industry, it is
wisest to start with a small number of
birds or eggs, learning as you proceed.
rather than to plunge in to make or
break" which to the beginner usually
means break. A large, well-matured
drake mated to five to seven thrifty
ducks will produce so to 400 ducks,
which is about as many as the small
poultryman or farmers wife can care
for successfully.
Unless the brooding quarters are
warm, ducks should not be Matched too
early, as the loss from chilling and
cramps will offset the gains from an
early market.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
POULTRY POINTS

Never use fowl that is known to
be constitutionally weak in the breed
ing pen.
Ducks thrive on sandy soil whereas
turkeys do best on land which Is high
and dry.
Hatch bantams in July and August
If you want small-sized birds as they
should be.
Prevention costs very little labor
inspection often reveals surprises.
''Stop, look and think"
It is folly to market your large,
choice fowls and use the inferior ones
for breeding.
Ducks should be fed a mash Of bran,
ground corn and ground oats along
with a grain mixture of oats, wheat
and corn.
All Matching eggs should be taken
from a fully matured flock as pullets'
eggs are usually too small to build
husky chicks.
The demand for market ducks and
ducks eggs at good prices Is usually
limited to the large cities, and Is not
nearly so general as the demand for
chickens or for hens eggs.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Cleaning Up Is Needed
When Disease Appears

A real cleaning up is needed when
aissase has appeared in the chicken
flock. Not just sweeping out from un-
der the roosts, and sweeping Off Of
the droppings board; not merely clean
ing around the nest boxes, but taking
out every bit Of removable furnishings
(the furniture of g chicken house
should all be removable), burning the
litter, and following the thorough
sweeping of walls, ceiling and floors
with good disinfectant. Any good
commercial dip will do. It is best ap-
piled in a one-to-ifty dilution in hot
water. using a force sprayer.
After the house is dried, apply a
good coating of whitewash in which Is
a little carbolic acid or other good
disinfectant.
Before returning the chickens to 4
cleaned house, treat them for Lca
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
IT PAYS TO GET
RID OF THE ROGUES

Experienced growers raising potatoes
primarily for seed purposes plan to go
over their fields at least twice during
midsummer to rogue the crop. This
is done, preferably, about blossoming
tirse. If many plants have to be re
moved they find it well to go over the
ground second time, week or two
later.
This is done mainly for the purpose
of pulling out all plants not true to
yarietal type. At the same time
sharp watch is kept for any tops
showing symptoms of the leaf-ron, mo-
sale blackIeg, or wilt diseases.
Any such are pulled to prevent tu-
her formation. If one is merely grow
ing his own seed, it may ordinarily
suffice to thus carefully rogue only a
portion Of the field from which the
seed stock may then be taken
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Clear Moss From Fruit
Trees by Proper Spray

Moss can be quite readily cleared
from the trees. The solution of strong
bordeaux is one of the best sprays
The old formula of lime, Sulphur and
salt, where the same weight of salt is
used in the spray as of lime and sui
phur, namely 10 pounds to so gallons
Of the concentrated spray, is also very
efficient in removing moss, But a sub
stance which is very good to use is
common I've. The I've can be used
straight by dissolving in plain water,
or it can be used in the lime sulphur
spray The rate to use is about one
pound can of lye for every six or seven
gallons of spray. 1t cleans off the
moss quite readily, seems to soften the
bark and gives it a clean, bright ap-
pearance.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Birds Are Not Numerous
Because of Insect Pests

The chief reason birds are not more
numerous and that insect pests conse-
quently Increase so rapidly is that suit
able places are not provided for nest
ing with protection from vermin.
Cleaning out fence rows and corners
beauties the premises but ruins the
birds homes. Building bird houses
and putting them on poles will help to
replace the natural homes. But better
than this is to leave some small thick.
cts at different spots over the farm.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Soy Bean Hay Good for
Dairy Cows and Sheer

Soy beans answer the hay question
very well, particularly for dairy cows
and sheep. Yields of soy bean hay
are generally from one to one-and-a
half tons of hay per acre, but the hay
is of excellent quality and stands
weathering better than most hays.
The time to cut is when the leaves be-
gin to turn yellow. The best hay va
rieties include the Picking, Wilson and
Manchu, although the Manchu will pro-
duce nearly as much hay.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Sweet Glover Bloat Is
Troublesome to Cattle

Sweet clover bloat is believed to be
only very occasionally responsible for
hloat in cattle. Sometimes if the clo-
yer is in bloom the fermentation of
honey in the blossoms develops suffi-
cient gas to form severe bloat. At
other times, especially when the clo-
yer is wet with dew or rain, it fer
ments rapidly in the l1rst compartment
of the stomach, and there the result
Ing development of gas is also respon-
sible for bloat. Prevention is quite
difficult.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-07-26
Fattening Steers Show
Fixed Desire for Salt

Animals fed large quantities of rich
nutritious food, such as fattening
steers receive, show strong desire
for salt, and this craving should be
reasonably satisfied. The form in
which salt is supplied to steers is
merely a matter of convenience. 1t is
probably best to keep salt before the
cattle at all times, though some secure
excellent results when they give salt
only once or twice a week.