, 1923-02-28
WAYS TO HANDLE
CHILLED MOTORS
Suggestions and Tips That Make
1t Easier to Start Car Dur
ing Cold Weather.
DIFFICULT TO START ENGINE
Much Trouble Caused by Lack Of
knowledge on Part Of Driver 40
to What Takes Place Under
Hood-Other Causes.

It is not %infrequenr in cold weather
to see cars being flowed in" to service
stations because of difficulties OF the
motorist in getting the engine started.
These difficulties In a great many
Instances are due to lack Of under
standing on the part of the driver
MS to what takes place under the hood
when endeavoring to start the motor.
For the benefit of those motorists
who have rot yet learned precisely
of the influences of cold weather that
retard the easy starting Of the en-
CINE the following instruction has been
obtained FROM an experienced service
man.
Causes Of Difficulty.
There are three main reasons for
difficulty in starting the motor In
cold weather:
l.. Poor mixture Of gas.
2. Reduced efficiency of battery.
3. Stiff motor (most frequently
caused by lubricating oil hat is too
thick or viscous for winter use).
An understanding of the changes
brought about by a lower tempera-
ture on the carburetor, electrical
equipment and oil will help overcome
the difficulties Of driving in all sea-
The functioning of the carburetor
Is to vaporize the gasoline and mix
1t with on adequate proportion Of air.
which, under compression, constitutes
the explosive mixture. Heat and cold
have very definite Influences on the
carburetion Of gasoline.
Gasoline Is a volatile liquid and
easily vaporized under the influence
of heat. being less susceptible with n
decrease In temperature. The gaso-
line vnpor Is just us easily reduced
back to liquid form under the influ-
ence Of cold. Thus a cold thrush Of
suit in a very weak mixture of air
and gasoline vapor. Therefore It fol-
lows that the carburetor must be ad-
justed to give a stronger or richer
mixture when starting the motor un-
der cold weather conditions.
Battery Has Limitations
The only part of the electrical
equipment Influenced by the cold is
the battery, which provides both the
power to rotate the starter ana the
current which induces a spark at the
plugs. When called upon to rotate
the motor by means of the starter the
battery sets free all Its stored-up en-
ergy to be used without restraint.
However. ven n battery has Its limi-
atlons and can only store up so much
energy.
Furthermore. II Is true that with n
covering OF the temperature the ef.
iectiveness of the storage battery de-
'reases. So II follows that In cold
weather the starter In less able to do
It's worn because Of deriving less
power from the battery than under
normal weather conditions.
Heat causes oil to become thin and
low easily. Cold causes II to congenl
md become viscous or sticky. II IL
eadily susceptible to either influence.
The moving parts Of the motor are
'overed with oil, which becomes con.
gealed II the motor Is left to stand
Idle Mt "A low temperature. II II be
cold enough the motor will literally
become frozen. II is then that the
starter is called upon to perform its
hardest work.
~Lubricating oils nre obtninable in
varying degrees Of viscosity or thick
less Mt normal temperatures. They
are usually termed arctic. light, me
lium and heavy grades, arctic being
the thlnnest. II is the arctic grnde OF
II thut Is recommended foe use In
old weather.