davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

its moulin illustrates in minutia the
history of the Kansan Period; and
that Of the others, the Sub -Aftonian
1T is found just over the hill in the
valley still forming in places the
bed Of the creek; and the loess, the
Iowan, the Patrician, the Earlier
and Later Wisconsin--they are all
represented.
The moulin should be preserved
as a text book. It should be rooted
over to protect 1t from rain.
The Story
The story of the Kansan Drift, the
Second Ice Period is written so
plainly here. 1t is written in beauti-
full language slow faltering story.
Twenty times or more the ice af-
ter retreat came back, refllling the
axis of the valley to northward.
Twenty times or more there was
impounded here a lake and as Of
ten did the renewing ice bring
coarse gravel and sand, greenstones
and rotten fragments of rock, culled
from ancient moraines of the SuD-
Aftonian and deposited them here In
age, this Kansan, much longer than
All SuU6CAuCAb SASo NSALbAAOo'
We are rich in details Of all OF
these ages. Our net work Of valleys
are filled with entombed records
once they were voices, now long
silent; but would they speak to US,
The roar Of the Cretaceous Ocean
can also be heard 1t comes from
Just under the Glacial deposits
where diatems have spread their
where diatoms have spread theiI
beds of white around corals and erin
oids. You can listen to the moaning
of sand dunes along its one time
shore, and near by many places are
ordovician and Cambrian Ledges re.
Iating grim tales of Archaen rocks
and rebounding waves in slowly ad :
vancing seas, all blending and fading
-an oratorio: profound, primeval
But hack to our moulin:
In the Kansan, so one OF these
stories run, about the middle OF the
period when the lake around us was
large and deep. there were ieebefgs
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06
Moulin In Kansan Drift; Other Local
Items OF Interest
D. L. ROSE

been gathered here by moving fee
every stone has somewhat to say;
how in other climes 1t first TOOK
form, what circumstances gave 1t its
birth, what forces tore 1t loose and
scattered its companions and about
the long, long trek to where il lies.
Envoi ~
Fitting companions of the Moulin
in interest, are several depressions
that occur in and around Mankato.
They harbor bones of ancient linee
age awaiting their time to connect
the Past and the Present.
That lake among the hills at
South Bend dates back into the
Paleozoic. Then it was the bed Of a
forms or life have passed that way.
Many individuals have laid down
there in the gathering peat.
In Dukes Addition is an old Ia
gune-now drained and converted
into building lots. There artesian
water had forced its way through a
fracture and eroded basin in which
formed lake. Dust from the air
and Sphagnum moss on its surface
prepared a mire in which sank many
q strange and uncouth beast. Their
discofored bones are at times up
turned by the spade. Deeper explor-
ations will tell the date of the crus-
tai movement that fractured the
rock; but it was long before the
Great Ice Age and probably dates
back to the depression that ushered
the Carboniferous Formations. That
lake, it may be, has witnessed the
whole procession of reptilian and
mammalian life.
In the gravel under State Street
rest the Mammoth and the Masto-
don. They roamed in herds on the
frozen tundra in the Interglacial
following the Kansan.
Here in this vicinity has been left
an early impression Of Man. Its
date is before the civilization OF
Egypt or Sumer 1t is a human foot
print once made in mud, perfect
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

period embraced here is In fact, two
Interglacdals called in other parts of
the country, the Yarmouth and the
Sangemen; for the Illinoisan Glacier
in between, did not reach Us. It en-
tered only the eastern border OF the
state.
Intense aridity prevailed near the
| close of the Sangemon as shown by
loess, q wind blown dust, that settled
TO the depth of several feet on some
Of our elevations exposed to western
gales and brownish red the loess Is
here thus showing the stamp Of the
desert in its dehydrated iron.
This period Of seven hundred thou.
sand years, oP~as basal unit, then
passes. The Kansan Glacier had
reached its climax and now another,
the Iowan, was to spread over US its
thin layer Of straggling boulders.
These are mostly granite or grant
toll and their well rounded surfaces
represent tumultuous Journey.
Another Interglacial is then re-
corded but here mostly by the al
most total erosion OF the grey till Of
the Iowan.
OF the Patrician Glacier: II origi.
mated south OF Hudson Bay in a
Province by that name, and in a
long narrow tongue protruded up
the Minnesota river. 1t might be
called an elder sister of the Earlier
Wisconsin, the next in order, and
preceded her by many years. We
have of It not much more than its
agates. These we find in low lying
formations, appearing in hill sides
below the two Wisconsin moraines.
We find them washed into the beds
of our streams; gathered there by
the ever searching rivulets and
drifting along to the river-just a
stage In a seaward Journey. They
nese and nickle in lands whence they
came. Red sands this glacier
brought also from Vermillion, from
Mesabi and Gayuna, which in our
plexus of streams now lie mingled
with gray from Keewatin; with vel
low from Labrador.
From the climax Of the Iowan to
| the climax of the Earlier Wisconsin
one hundred and fifty thousand
years have been assigned. Local
evidence would here confirm It.
This Earlier Wisconsin was Graded
in Labrador. It grew westward and
southward-both lobes bending to
reach US.
| One n0n0reQ LhOuSanu years more
takes us to the last or later Wiscon
sin; but that was a lobe from Kee-
watin: extensive. far reaching, de-
ploying to great distances from this
north and south line as q base
and together with the one from
Labrador. changing the courses Of
rivers in many arts Of the state.
| The later one working over some OF
| the material OF the earlier and so
bearing here much the same imprint
Of texture.
Between the two Wisconsin
stages" was a long Interglacial. In
Blue Earth county It was continuous
and long: although IN the northern
part OF the state the two glaciers
seems to be nearly coeval. Here we
have black soil in between their de
posits and we find the bones Of ami
mails who had lived while that soil
was forming The Interval has not
yet been named. II is fitting that II
should bear the name OF this coun
tv and be designated as the Blue
Earth Interglacial
These seven Periods with their
Intefglacials. comprise the Great
Glacial Age" as unfolded in Mime.
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06
PICNIC FOR NEWLYWEDS
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Stahlke were
Guests at Slbley Park =.

Mr.. and Mrs. Carl stshIke were
Guests at Sibley Park
Spring Island, July 3.-Mr. and
Mrs. Carl Stahlke, newlyweds, were
honored by a picnic dinner at Sibley
Park, preceding their departure. The
hosts were: Mr.. and Mrs. N. H.
Rhodes and family Mr; and Mrs.
and Mrs. N. P. Bonin. All enjoyed a
fne outing and dinner. The happy
pair take with them a shower OF
good wishes for happiness and pros
perity in the new home.
A fine daughter was born to Mr..
and Mrs. Edward Olson Thursday.
Tuesday night a happy laughing
group Of young people from Indian
Lake were heartily welcomed by Mr..
and Mrs. Leon Lornberg. They all
trooped out on the lawn, where they
spent a long evening singing and
playing romping games. They
brought a treat Of ice cream, cakes
and waters, which were served at
the close of a delightful night.
The newlyweds, Mr.. and Mrs. Leon
Dornberg, were handsomely compli-
mented with a social and shower
given them by the Community club
and other friends. These good peo.-
pie, numbering one hundred and
hfty came Thursday night, bringing
huge freezers of ice cream and doz-
ems Of delicious cakes. They took
possession of the house and lawn,
where all eniyed a royal good time.
Before serving, the bride and groom
were called to the dining table, and
presented with forty packages, each
containing a beautiful and useful
gift. This truly generous favor was
great surprise and pleasure to the
young couple, who responded with q
little speech, thanking all for their
Kindness and generosity.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leon Dornberg gave
the first dinner party In the new
home, to a large company OF rela.
lives, Sunday. Among the guests
were Mr.. and Mrs. 9. w. Watts and
family, Mr.. Forrest English and
others. Afternoon callers at the
Dornberg home were Mr.. and Mrs
q VIII Lentz, Mrs. John Severson and
sons of Mapleton and Miss Entt
Walker and Kenneth Marrow.
Members of the Lutheran churches
of Rapidan, greatly enjoyed a picniS
Sunday, which was held in Flo''
Grove.
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

complete, distinct; baked by vol
canic lava how into crystalline
rock.
Ages then passed during which
the superimposed rock bed. so feet
or more in depth, was being wealth .
cred away. Afterward, the vitrified
fossil still encased in a remnant OF
lava, was gouged up by accumulating
ice and borne on the bosom of a gla-
cier, from its far off lava field lying
to northward and dropped here as d
drifting erratic, glactateo. weatnereo
and worn. Glaciated on two triangu-
lar sides only, for the imprint on
the other, protected by lava, was
unmarried in it's passage; and later
was disclosed by corrosion under
hoarfrost and sunshine. The crys-
tails composing the rock were then
revealed in the imprint by the same
intensive decay, long continued.
1t bears on its face its history and
is its own certificate Of age
The outline marks further a stage
of Development in Man in which a
tendency toward one-toed foo.
was but slightly apparent, and
which later, was to be entirely
checked in its progress by the use
of sandals or shoes: the same ten.
dency which, unchecked in the
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

an angle of 60 to continue in the
main valley which strikes northward
at this point and here then, where
this moulin is, occurred the division.
The advance was comparatively rap
i'd and not being able to negotiate
the divide, there was q rupture form =
ed In its surface creating a crevasse
or fracture which was permanent in
its nature at this one spot, although
the ice itself moved on.
Down this crevasse streams Of
water met and with hundreds Of feet
Of headway behind them rushed to
the bottom, carving a cavity into the
frozen gravel below Rocks and gravel
and sand were abraided and ground
to powder. Time there was In plenty.
Perhaps the NH Of the Gods
ground slowly-who knows-but
stones might float away as dust in
the water. 80
It bored the vertical hole 25 feet
in depth. Six feet 1t is at the top
in diameter, increasing to six and a
half below, with inverted conical
bottom. At times the eroding force
lower half Of the moulin underwent
enlargements, aggregating foot or
more in diameter. The bottom was
undermined some three feet Each
of the engagements, preserving
vertical walls Of fine sediment with
horizontically stratified filling be-
tween, showing successive freezings
as each enlargement was made--the
fllings being sediment from i'm
pounded waters oft recurring as
each advance of the ice began
choking the valley below US. 1t was
deeper than this originally, for the
top was eroded before a mantle Of
loess spread over it. The loss is
here one foot thick and just above
It lies a thin layer of the Iowan.
Above this Is the black soil surface
sloping upward at an angle Of 30
covering 100 feet in height Of the
two Wisconsin moraines.
Earlier and Later Wisconsin
Generally the division between
these two moraines is obscure as
they have great similarity Of tex
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

lived in what is now the wilds OF
Canada before the Great Ice Age.
It furthermore records the exist
ence of a~prototype antedating even
the oldest Egyptians whose little
toes then, as in modern men, were
already in prominent recession.
This relic, this treasure -trove-
lying enmeshed as it were, ina
web wide flung over fossilized palms
and sub tropical plants, gives a
strong hint as to the original birth
place of the true mammals
(Eutheria.) The first primitive
forms of these mammals have long
been sought. The sudden appear
ance in the Eocene Of highly de-
veIoped and bulky individuals (Am-
blypoda, Phenacodusl that were un-
related to their marsupial COM
panions, has been tangled and un-
solved problem. Their ancestral
forms have been vainly searched for
in Africa, Asia, Europe and in Am.
erica so far but this rock, this fos-
sill; this one lone envoy from out OF
Past Ages, with its cryptic asser-
ton only partially decyphered ana
as yet unpublished-it has been
considered more in detail, under the
name OLA Message in Stone.
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

, horse and the camel, went on to
completion.
That date for the horse probably
indicates nearly the same date for
the fossil-this man and the Eocene
! horses-for the same influences
might be as potent on one as the
other-the same rolling uplands and
grass covered plains.
Pliocene?-Yes. II not eaIlier. I.;s
was long back of the ice Ages. The
FIVE toes ranging all equal in front
reveal Mans origin In an amphibian
ancestry which had a great diver
sity in alignment Of toes; and It
shows an antiquity in this individual
greater than any known type OF
Man-either of the past or the pres
ent.
It denotes. also an elemental dis
! tinction in Mans line Of descent
which separates him remotely from
all dumb brutes aroud us-tne land
carnivora and grass eating mammals
and reaching far back OF the time
where the apes, the balloons, the
monkeys and Iemures diverged.
Mans foot as shown by this link
| in the records never came from a
tree climbing monkey. If a monkey
were ancestor, then when Man
abandoned the trees, his big toe al
ready specialized, retracted and ad-
verse, would have become but -
yestige-aborted, as in all other
plantfgrade and hoofed mammals
who lived on the ground. Mans
fingers today, and originally his
toes, as shown by this imprint, are
almost identical in design with
Branchiosaurus. Carboniferous
Amph1bian.
So over this lump of one time clay
proudly there passed the North Am
erican Autochthrone, the most an-
cient of peoples; and over 10 an In
dividual once fed pursued by toe
of lava. A tragedy? Perhaps so. Only
an incident in the geological story.
In brief, this dark granitoid 'perido-
tite) boulder tells that Mankind
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

ture; but on the opposite side of the
coulee, on Prospect Heights, go feet
from the top, a bed of concrete
separates the two. In that long, as
yet unnamed Interglacial, while the
top Of the Earlier Wisconsin was
being denuded Of its clay, a bed OF
gravel with boulders was accumu-
1ating on its surface. The lime
leached from its weathering clays
cemented these boulders and gravel
together and this gave protection
from the planning of the Later Wis
consin; recording at the same time
the direction Of the moving ice, by
moulds Of the boulders long drawn
out In the concrete. The great
length of these moulds would indi-
cate rapid movement Of the ice
which, IN turn, calls for great local
precipitation and moderate temper
ature during the last Ice Invasion.
The Excavation
The excavation as a whole with
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06

Pictured here is the result pro-
duced by a rare combination of ma
tural laws. Where Il stands was
once the funnel In the drainage cen
ter Of this section of the state. All
the small inequalities In the land
surface had been first filled with
ice before that fact could be reveal :
ed. 1t occurred in the Great Ice Age
during the period called the Kan
san" and preserves for Us record
Of the froces that were then at work
as well as those Immediately preced =
ing.
Partly uncovered in q sand pit at
the rear of the Teachers College
stands this Moulin French that is for
MIL. Potholes Of the nature OF
this one are rare, perhaps unknown
before. The are often found in
rocks that have been the bed stream
where captured pebbles have worn
rounded holes: but ice sometimes
viii hold cascade Of falling water
stationary at one point and make its
straying sands bore deep into the
surface below--one near Christiania
is. thirty feet in granite. This one.
was frozen when found, and SO as a
shaft II stands boldly almost bra.
zenly upright, revealing all the de-
tails Of its structure.
The mode Of its origin is interest
ing and its location in time and
space picturesque: formed by the
waters of a recrudescent Ice Period
in the frozen gravel that 1t had al
first laid down: resting on one still
earlier and then to be buried be =
meath loess and the around noraines
of other following later.
Much local information Of the
past hangs round this moulin. One
million years ago II says. the contour
of the bills was much the same as
now, lacking only the added relief oi
those later deposits.
AS all our hill formations were
brought here by glaciers 1t might be
we'll to identify each Of them briefly
before giving their connection with
this lone Glacial Mill"
Seven Glacial Invaslons
Six out of the seven recognized
invasions Of the state have SEN
their sheets of ice over the southern
bend of the Minnesota river.
The first, and 1t is a very ancien
one is vaguely known as the Sub Al
tonian, Nebraskan, Jerseyan, Oldel
Grey Drift, etc. Here and almos
everywhere. this ice sheet left bluisf
grey till; hard. compact, gritty ant
with few boulders. Where presen
lit underlies all the others. It wounC
its way here from Keewatin, an olt
Canadian Province lying west o.
Hudson Bay and obliterated in man!
places the erosion that had followed
the Gretaceous deposits.
| The second is the Kansan. Radi
cally 1t differs in texture. It's bould
ers are many and rotten. It's stratt
are loaded with iron leached from
granitoid rocks and decomposinj
greenstones, which 1t had gathered
in the long journey from Keewatil
centers Of dispersion. These rocks
previously left by the Sub -Aftonial
and exposed for many thousands o
years are rotten through and through
and will commonly crumble to pieces
when handled-at least In this sec
tion Of the state
The Interglacial period Of renewe,
vegetation, and which followed tn
climax of the Kansan. was long. /
was cold and dry. The ice had bee
largely absorbed by the air, leavinl
only negligible streams to do tn,
work Of sorting the surface. Tn
The Mankato free press., 1923-07-06
National Banks Call

[Associated Press Dispatch.
Washington D. c., July 3.-The
comptroller Of the currency. today,
issued a call for the condition Of all
National banks at the close OF bus
;aess ON SATURDAY.. June 80.
The Omaha morning bee. [volume] (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927, 1923-04-09
Airplane Engine
Runs 573 Hours
Without StoI
Remarkable Test Just Com
pleted by Navy Department
Saving Of 90 Per Cent
Indicated.

Washington. April s.--Compleiion
Of n record breaking test OF a new
airplane engine was announced by the
Navy department
For 573 hours the machine. known
as q Wright model E-4 " ran without
a stop with the throttle wide open
and data accumulated during the run
indicated "a saving Of 90 per cent in
the operating cost OF aircraft engines
of this type" An indication of tho
remarkable endurance OF the new en-.
gine will be given. engineers said. by
comparison with the types used in the
world war when 100 hours was con-
sidered long run.
The engine was built by the Wright
Aeronautical corporation OF Paterson.
y. J. During the test Il would have
covered. at tho usual cruising speed
maintained by the navy at sea. a dis.
tance Of approximately so 600 miles.
in the period Is little more than
three weeks. according TO Rear Ad-
mlral william A. Moffett, chief OF the
bureau OF aeronautics.
Admiral Moffett compared its record
to that OF the average better grade
high-powered automobile. which he
said. Travelled usually around 6.boo
miles annually. At the rate theoretic-
ally flown by the new engine, !,
could have carried the automobile for
approximately nine years at 100 miles
an hour.
The Omaha morning bee. [volume] (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927, 1923-04-09
Sweeping Attack
Hurled Against
Veterans Bureau
Thousands Being Trained fol
Work for Which They Are
Untitled, c. Hamilton
Cook Charges.

Washington. April s.-Sweeping
charges against the present soldier
rehabilitation methods OF the Neter-
ans bureau were made by c. Hamil.
ton Cook. national commander Of the
Disabled American Veterans. IN re-
questing bureau officials TO take I'm.
mediate remedial measures.
Throughout the talk Of alleged
graft aud maladministration Of the
Veterans bureau" he said Il have
yersistently maintained that the So
called rehabilitation program would
result in revelations that would utter
~ shock the American people.
Thousands OF men have been and
are being trained for work for which
they ara temperamentally. education.
ally and physically untitled. Every
day | am finding iYr- hospitals men
who have been there from year TO
four years who cannot even read or
write. but who have been advised
20 start training upon discharge in
some trade or profession which would
be humorous were IL not tragic.
1T seems unbelievable that there
has been no one In the veterans
bureau who. during these years. has
not felt that man who was good
enough 20 be wounded defending the
constitution. should not be taught 20
at least read it,
The Omaha morning bee. [volume] (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927, 1923-04-09
,. = - : .<sns:,s.;f (; May
Expel All
Bolsheviks
Movement OH Foot to Gust
Russian Trade Delegation
as Protest Against Ex-
ecution, of Prelate.
Pastors Backing Drive

London, April 8.-A movement for
the expulsion Of the Russian trade
delegation and all other bolsheyiks
from England as a protest against
the execution of the Russian Catholic
prelate, Father Budkiewicz, who was
shot last week. is gaining country
wide support The movement was ini-
tiated by clergymen representing all
creeds.
Numerous conservatives and liber
ais. as we'll as the Catholic laborites,
promise to give their backing TO any
action in parliament in support of the
movement.
1t was learned today that the aues
tion will come up next week both in
the house of lords and house Of com
mons. 1t is also learned that the So
Wet government has sent a rev in
sulting note TO Britain.
Turkey. following the lead Of Mos
COW. is defying the world by placing
an embargo on food for the Christian
children in Turkey. In spite OF the
popular protest at further dealings
with Moscow. IT is reported that the
Shell interests have just completed
another big purchase of 10000 tons
Of oil from the soviet government.
which cane from the Grozny fields.
formerly opened by private coDces-
sionaries. but which were seized and
nationalized by the soviets.
II is learned that the Krupp interests
in Germany last week signed final
agreement with the soviet govern
ment by which they are granted
concession on 1000 acres OF wheat
producing territory in Russia in re-
turn for their supplying the soyiets
with agricultural machinery.
The Shell deal Will probably come
up for discussion IN parliament next
week.
The Omaha morning bee. [volume] (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927, 1923-04-09
Southern California
Favors Rail Merger

Los Angeies. April s.-Southern
California and Los Angeles parti-
cularly. Is in favor Of tSe consollda-
ton OF railroads as tentatively pro
posed by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Fred r. Gregson. traffic
adviser Of tho Los Angeles chamber
OF commerce, testified AZ a hearing
held by the commission.
Gregson pointed out that while
southern California was mostly con.
cerned with the retention OF the Cen
tral Pacific by the Southern Pacific.
yet the consolidation with the latter
company OF the Rock Island system
and the FL Paso and Southwestern
would be Of great benefit.
Carl I. % ioat. attorney FOR the
California railroad commission. pres
onted recommendation which the
commission was asked 10 take into
consideration IN preparing any final
plan for the consolidation OF rail-
roads.