davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
(First publication April 10, 1928
SUMMONS

State of Wisconsin, In Circuit Court
for Pierce County:
Andrew Boles, Plaintiff, VS., Will
liam Harris and Harriet Harris, his
wife; Thomas L. Downs and Hannah
Downs, his wife; Charles E. Timm.
Harry l. Engell; Emma Pratt; Jo-
seph L. Nienstedt; F. w. Philips and
Sadie Philips, his wife, Defendants.
State of Wisconsin-To the said
Defendants:
You are hereby summoned to APP
pear within twenty days after ser
vice of this summons, exclusively OF
the day of service and defend the
above entitled action in the Court
aforesaid; and in case of your fail
ure so to do, Judgment will be rend-
cred against you according to the de
mand of the complaint.
White & White, Plaintiffs Attor-
neys, P. O. address, River Falls
Pierce County, Wisconsin.
Notice is Hereby Given, That the
above entitled action is brought for
the purpose of foreclosing a mortgage
of real estate situated in Pierce Coun-
ty, Wisconsin, and described as fol
lows, to-wit: The North Half of the
Northwest Quarter of Section Nine
teen (19), Township Twenty-six (26)
Range Nineteen 40 West.
White & White, Plaintiffs Attorneys
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17

County, Wisconsin. on the 18th day of
April, A. d. 1922, |, the undersigned
Sheriff of Pierce County, Wisconsin,
will expose and sell at public auction,
at the Front door of the Court House
in the Village of Ellsworth, Wiscon,
sin, on the 1st day of June, A. D.
1923, at two o'clock in the afternoon
of said day, to the highest bidder for
cash, the premises described in saio
Judgment and therein directed to be
sold, situated in Pierce County, Wis.
consin, and described as follows, TO-
wit: The Northwest Quarter of the
Northeast Quarter of Section %
Township 25, Range Is, lying South
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
(First Publication May 3, 1929
LEGAL NOTICE

Notice of Final Settl ament and As
signment.
State of Wisconsin, County Court
for Pierce County.-In Probate.
Notice is hereby given that at a reg
ular term of the County Court to be
held in and for said County, at the
County Court Room in the Village of
Ellsworth in said county, on the first
Tuesday (being the 9Th day. of June,
A. D. 1928, at 1000 o'clock a. M, the
following matters will be heard and
considered:
The application Of Rod McGregor,
executor of the will of Sophia Healy,
late of the city of River Falls in said
county, deceased, for the examination
and allowance of the final account Of
his administration, and for the as
signment Of the residue of the Estate
of Sophia Healy, deceased, to such
other persons as are by law entitled
to the same.
Dated May 1st, 1928.
BY order of the Court,
Warren p. Knowles, County Judge.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
First Publication May IT, 1929
LEGAL NOTICE

Notice of Foreclosure Sale in Cir
cult Court For Pierce County, Wis
cousin.
D. J. Collins and d. p. Collins,
Plaintiffs, VS., C. E. Cowan and Flor
ence Cowan, his wife, Defendants.
Notice is Hereby Given, That under
and by virtue of Judgment of fore
closure and sale, rendered, entered
and dccketed in the above entitled act
ion in the Circuit Court for Pierce
County, Wisconsin, on the 10th day
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17

Of the Plum City and Maiden Rock
State Road, containing 33 acres, more
or less, according to the Government
Survey thereof; or so much thereof as
may be necessary to satisfy the sum
of One Thousand Seven Hundred
Twenty-nine and 19-100 Dollars, with
interest from April 18th, 1922, due
and payable on said judgment, to-
gether with the cost OF this sale.
Dated April Il, 1923.
Frank Robson. Sheriff of
Pierce County, Wis.
White II White, Attorneys,
River Falls, Wisconsin.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
First Publication April 10, 1929
LEGAL NOTICE

Notice of Foreclosure Sale in Cir
cult Court for Pierce County, Wis
cOnsin.
L. l.. Plummer, Plaintiff, vs., Fran
els Biles, Ella J. Biles, and o. c.
Peterson and Anna Peterson, his wife,
Defendants.
Notice is Hereby Given, That under
and by virtue of a judgment of fore
colsure and sale, rendered, entered
and docketed in the above entitled
action in the Circuit Court for Pierce
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
947.77

Bills allowed, Adams, Bartholomew
Wilcox and Peterson voting aye
On motion it was voted to purchase
an #. Adams PATROL Grader from
the Adams Company, on approval
All voting aye.
The Bond Of F. L. Baker as Street
Commissioner in the sum of one
thousand dollars with j. S. Waas-
worth and Vincent Fait as suretle!
approved.
The bond Of HI. A. Hutchins as
Chief Of Police in the sum OF Five
Hundred dollars with G. N. Wiger
f. x. Knobel and H. A. Hagestad as
sureties read and on motion voted te
approve.
The bond of F. v. Williams as City
Clerk in the sum of One Thousand
dollars with II. W. Thompson and C
N. Wiger as srreties approved.
On motion the Clerk was instructed
to advertise for bids on the const-
ruction of cement sidewalks, cross
ings and culveits, bids to be opened
May 81, at the next regular meeting
of the Council.
Claus Hendrickson was appointed
Weed Commissioner.
On motion voted to adjourn.
F. v. Williams, City Clerk.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS

Meeting called to order at . O'Clock
o. M. by Mayor Vannatta. Roll call
of Aldermen showed Adams, Bar
tnolomew, Wilcox and Peterson pres
ent.
Thirteen bids we're received and
read as follows:-
Common Wealth Elect. Co.
~ Fulton DIESEL Engine S29192.O0
E,lton IRON Works 26500.00
Mcintosh & Seymour z5ooo.oo
Ais Chalmers Co 24400.00
New London Ship q
Engin Works 2473O.Oo
yuo,+binoton 22740.00
Winton EnginWorks 220OO.Oo
Robinson, Carey & Sands
n - yerpn Enpin 203O3.0O
giant ENGINEERING Co. 1835600
Fairbanks Morse Co. lT524.0O
Common Wealth Elect. Co.
on Venn-Severnengin l73ll.O"
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. l6IOi.oo
Andoreon Foundry Co. 100000
Bids by the Common Wealth Elect.
Co. on Fulton DIESEL Engine, The Full
ton Irca Works, the Mcintosh &
Seymour, the AlIis Chalmers, The
New London Ship and Engin Works,
the Worthington, the Winton Engine
Works, the Robinson Cary & Sands,
were all rejected as being too high.
The other five bidders were given
chance to explain their bids and ans
wer any questions the Council should
ask and it was agreed that the
Council should take the necessary
time to consider the bids and engines
before deciding which to buy.
Meeting adjourned.
r. v. Williams, City Clerk.
Council Chamber, City Of River Falls,
May, 7th, 1928.
Regular meeting Of the Common
Council.
Meeting called to order at 8 o'clock
D. m. by President Of the Council G.
J. Bartholomew.
Roll call Of Alderman showed
Adams, Bartholomew, Wilcox and
Peterson present.
Minutes of meeting Of April Is, II
ard May read and approved.
City Treasurer made her report for
the month Of April and on motion
the report was accepted and ordered
placed on file.
Finance Committee report the follow
ing claims approved
UTILITY FUND
N. W. Elect. Equipment Co.
Supplies s193.73
High Grade Oil Co. Gasoline 22.O0
o. NJ. Johnson Supplies 400
A. L. Chinook Freight and
drayage 1888
f. v. Williams, City Clerk 1900
f. e. Buck Salary 75.00
A. Renter Salary $500
w. E. Campbell Salary $500
J. w. Patterson Salary and
overtime 62.Oo
H. C. Kruger Salary and
overtime 57.0O
n l.. Ostness Salary $500
yern Erickson Labor 4.50
Don Healy Labor 80
Improvement Bulletin Advertise
for bids on engine 2o.4O
Brown, Blodgcst & Sperry Co
Bonds Elect. Power Equip. 55.15
Fred Jackman Labor
Power House 2hOJ
VIM. McElroy Labor
Power House 32l0
Rube Olson Labor
Power House 12.o0
Rudolph Johnson Labor
Power House 1l.5o
j. j. Rolling Labor
Power House lO.2o
Halvor Borgeson Labor
Power House f4.OO
Gabriel Gilstad Labor
Power House 900
Roy Schwalen Labor
Power Horse 3.Oo
Geo. Cox Labor
Power House 2.Zo
n. C. Sorenson Labor
Power House 800
o. II. Scholn Labor
Power House 300
s4O.56
GENERAL FUND
Fl. A. Hutchins Salary Police 5000
Roy Hyatt Salary Police 5000
Alice o. Bennett Salary
care rest room 22.15
Ira Wilcnx Treas Fire Co
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17
GENERAL FUND

Fl. A. Hutchins Salary Police 5000
Roy Hyatt Salary Police 5000
Alice o. Bennett Salary
care rest room 22.fo
Ira Wilcox, Treas. Fire Co.
2 &c insurance premiums 314S2
L. r. Alton Meals for
election board 9.20
Cliff Symes Paint Fire truck 1852
Central Lbr. Co. Lumber for
signboards $50
Art Muck City Hall Windows
and screens AGO
Consolidated Lbr. Co. Fuel City
1853
Hall, 80; Lbr. Fire 7. 2S.1S 58.18
A. ]. Bjersted Stencil
(Street Dept.( LOO
o. M. Johnson Supplies
Street Dept. Asa
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-05-17

c. Carish &Son Supplies
Street Dept. 1850
Geo. Browell Salary Street Com.
to5-1-23 5000
Enoch Shepard Salary Street
Sweeper 1-23 $3.50
e. Nash, sal. Str. Spklr. $500
Joseph Konichek Labor Park 5000
Geo. Healy, Park labor 1880
Jno. Kirschner, Park lbr. 800
KnuteWigen Labor Streets 48.30
Geo Healy Labor streets 5000
James Pomeroy Labor streets 1900
Wallace Smith Labor streets 67.20
r. N. Johnson Labor streets 300
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
DISCUSS PROBLEMS
OF RACE AT SESSION
Negro Educational Congress
Meets at African Metho-
dist Church Here.

Active consideration of fourteen
problems affecting the negro race in
America was begun today at the sec
ond session of the twenty-fifth an
nual convention of the Negro Ma
tional Education Congress. in the
John Wesley African Methodist Epis-
copal Zion Church. 14th and Corcoran
streets. The two problems now under
discussion are. How can we make
negro citizenship reality?' and
will the future progress of the
American negro depend upon the
preservation of their race IDENTIFY"
Other questions to be discussed at
the convention were announced To-Day
as follows:
as the accident of color a real or
an imaginary barrier To race prog
ress?"
How may the present spirit of an
tdEoniSm between the white ana ne
gro races be eiiminatedc
Can the highest possibilities or the
negro be attained in America?
Touch on Education.
should the education of the negro
youth and the white youth be idtn-
tical?"
Are there too many secret So
ciCtleS among negroes, anu Souiu 'he
money spent for their maintenance
be more advantageously used by IN
yustmentS in commercial enter
y: iSeS?"
How can We encourage our young
men and young women TO remain on
the farm
In what way can the school. the
church the home, aid in checking
the criminal tendencies or our
YOUTH
How can we foster business en-
terprises among negroes?
What. if any, advantage will the
negro gain by dividing his vote.
.WiI the ownership of better
homes. better schools, and better
churches give the negro better stand
ing in community life?'
Lynchine Is Scored.
1.-THE criminalty of lynching-its
cause, growth and suppression-how
can we best unite for the common
good of the race"
Rev. Charles +. Stewart, pastor of
the Metropolitan a. NJ. f. Church. is
scheduled to speak tonight on How
Can We Make Negro Citizenship a
Richmond, Va, and J. a. Landlord,
secretary of the congress. also will
speak.
At last rights meeting letters COM
mending the program of the con-
gress were read from the governors
Of Montana. Iowa. Illinois, Oklahoma,
West Virginia, Virginia and Kan
mond. Va, spoke on Race Develop
ment," and an address of welcome
was delivered by Rev. w. o. Caring
ton. Rev. H. J. Calls presided.
The meetings will continue through
, March 9.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
DAVIS WOULD ORGANIZE
FORE|GN-BORN CITIZENS
Work on Plan for National Order
for Patriotic Pur-
poses.

Plans for the organization OF natu-
rallied immigrant Americans into a
national order for patriotic service will
be worked out by Secretary Of Labor
Davis during his vacation in Florida,
the Labor Department announced to-
dav. Mr.. Davis left Washington yes
terday on the train bearing the Presi-
dent and a party to Florida for a
short vacation.
An organization as outlined, the an
nouncement said. would be OF great
service in the Amercanization of the
200 600 foreign-born residents or the
United States, who are not yet natu-
raiiZed Since Mr. Davis announce
ment some time ago that he was con-
sidering plans for such an organlZa-
ton many citizens Of foreign birth have
communicated with him regarding the
proposal and offered to cooperate.
The name Castle Gardeners" has
been suggested for the new organi-
cation, because old Castle Garden in
New York city was the landing place
of millions of immigrants now ellsl-
BILE for membership
Aims and purposes of the proposed
organization would include:
Fostering and preservation of the
ideal of liberty under law, of gov
eminent by the consent of the gov
erned.
To voice and demonstrate graft
tude Of naturalized immigrant Amer
leans for the opportunities and ad-
vantages which have been theirs
since coming to the United States.
To encourage and aid residents of
the United States of foreign birth and
descent to accept the rights, prlVl-
leges and duties of American citizen
ship in order that Americanism in its
true sense may unite the whole ma
ton without regard for, previous al
legiance.
To oppose every individual organi-
cation or nation which by word or
act seeks to Subvert the eternal
truths upon which this nation was
founded or. to overthrow the United
States government.
To preserve and enshrine in the
memory of these naturalized Ameri-
cans Castle Garden, which shall ever
stand to them as a symbol of all that
America is and means.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
Retiring Senator
Eschews Banquet
For Old Friend

Former Senator John Sharp
Williams Of Mississippi has the
unique record Of declining a ban
quet Of his colleagues at the close
OF Congress to break bread with
an old friend who occupied the in
conspicuous position of doorkeeper
on the democratic side of the
Senate chamber. His name is
Phillip Roche, who was for many
years prominently connected with a
line OF business now prohibited by
the Constitution and the Volstead
act. Senator Williams met him
thirty years ago when Mr.. Roche
was an attache of a hotel in this
city. Attracted by the mans phi
losophy, humor and integrity, Sem
ator Williams has kept up his
friendship and when his friend
went out Of business had him ap-
pointed a doorkeeper Of the SEN
ate.
The other night Senator Will
liams' colleagues prepared for him
a farewell dinner, but the senator
chose the modest repast to which
MIR. Roche had invited him at his
modest home.
There is one friend whose mem
DRY Will stay with me longer.
whom l will cherish more dearly
than that of all the lords of fame
with whom / have been associat-
ed" said Senator Williams, refer
ring to Mr.. Roche. ct admire him
for his purity of mind, for his
great learning. for his love of
everything that is honorable"
Others who attended this fare
well dinner" to Senator Williams
were Senator Harrison, Senator
Stanley and Joseph p. Tumulty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
GRAND JURY OPENS
PROBE AT BASTROP
Coco Presents First Evidence
to lnquisitors Into Hooded
Mob Activities.
MANY WITNESSES CALLED
Addie May Hamilton Scheduled to
Go on Stand in More.
house Today.
MANY WITNESSES CALLED

RH the Associated Press
BASTROP La, March 6-Attorney
General A. V. Coco appeared before
ihe Morehouse parish grand jury this
morning to submit evidence obtained
i.ocded mob atrocities.
The testimony was voluminous and
was said to include additional evil
dencC obtained since the hearing
closed. Most of the evidence related
:" the kidnapping of five Mer Rouge
'itizens on August "a and the murder
Of Watt Daniel and T.. F. Richard,
whose bodies were found in a lake.
Other testimony related to the dozen
"r more cases Of foggings, deporta-
tinns and notes of warning, all of
which has been charged to the Ku
NluX Khan.
Mr. Coco was assisted in presenting
he cases by District Attorney David
Garrett and Assistant Attorney Cen
eral George S. Guynon. Senator How
ard Warren, special assistant prose-
rutor. will arrive today to augment
the states forces.
The state will ask about fifty indict-
,ments ranging from assault and bat
'ery to murder.
Addie May Hamilton of Mer Rouge,
>rventeen-year- old girl, who was de-
ported early last year by black hood
I'd men, was summoned to testify to-
day.
Others to appear today include. Miss
llamilton's mother. r. L. Dade. mayor
Of Mer Rouge; Jack Hayden. Lon
Braddock, Fred Cobb and a negro,
Albert Brock.
Dade, brother in-law of Watt Daniel
admitted he was a member of one of
the black hooded mobs, admitted he
was a klansman at that time, and
named others in the mob who have
been identified as KlanSmen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
REPUBLICANS IN HOUSE
FACE MANY CONTESTS
Leadership, Post as Whip and
Committee Places to Be
Taken Care Of.

Under the House custom of seniority
vacant committee chairmanships will go
to the ranking majority member, but
with the influx of new democratic rep
resentation and the consequent increase
the party will get in committee
strength, minority leaders face the diff
Guilty of satisfying the ambitions of
many who will want important assign
ments.
There has been little talk of a fight
for leadership of the democratic minor
ity. Representative Garner of Texas,
ranking member of the ways and means
committee, has announced that, for
the sake of harmony, he would not
oppose the present leader, Representa-
tive Garrett. Tennessee. No opposi-
ton has so far developed against Repre-
sentative 0ldfield, Arkansas, the demo-
cratic whip.
On the republican side. however.
two candidates already are in the
field for the acknowledgements
tives LongWorth, Ohio, and Graham,
Illinois. and a contest also is in pros
pect for the position of whip, which
Representative knutson of Mime
sofa has declined for another term.
Friends of both Mr.. Graham and Mr..
Longworth were active during the
closing days Of the present Congress-
Conferences of the two parties Will
be held shortly before the next Con-
gress meets, but, in the case of the
republicans, there is now no confer
ence chairman, Representative Tow
ner of Iowa having retired to become
Governor of Porto Rico
Democrats will be faced with the
task of reassig ning returning mem
bers who went down in the Harding
landslide and came back last Novem-
Der. Some of them had reached high
places on committees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06

Washington has the finest outlook
for good Easter flowers of. any city
of the vicinity in the opinion Of Will
liam Graham, Baltimore florist, who
spoke at the meeting of the local
Florists Club last night in the Gavel
Club auditorium, 18th street above
G street.
Thirty Baltimore florists visited
fellow workers washington yester-
day. After luncheon at the Hotel
Arlington they made a tour of the
greenhouses of the city, as a result
of which four of the visitors in speak
ing last night at the meeting paid high
tribute to the prospects of this city
for Easter flowers.
Isaac Moss, K. Bauer and G. Kress
of the visiting party Joined with Mr..
Graham in praising Washington flowers
Mr.. Moss declared that Washington had
the best outlook for lilies for Easter of
any city in the Atlantic states that he
had visited. Others spoke on the at
tractive novelties in flowers to be
placed on the Easter market.
The visitors also toured the Depart
ment of Agriculture greenhouses, and
after the inspection attended a dinner
in their honor at the City Club.
At the election of officers at the
meeting last night. o. A. c. Oehmler
was reelected president of the club,
G. Milton Thomas was selected as vice
president, Harry L. Lewis secretary,
Otto Bauer, treasurer and H. D. Blacki-
stone and William Earnest member,
of the board Of directors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
PROF. v. NJ. MARSTON
TO MEET FRAUD CHARGE
Inventor of Lie Detector" Soon to
Have Hearing Before U. S.
Commissioner.

William NJ. Marston, professor of
psychology at American University
and inventor of the lie detector,"
indicted in December for attempting
fraud through the mails. by the
grand jury in Boston. Mass. will be
given a hearing March 16, before
Cnited States Commissioner George
II. Macdonald.
Marston was arrested SATURDAY. in
this city by Deputy Marsha1s j H.
Clarkson and Ernest ]. Weaver upon
information received from William
Carroll, special agent of the De-
partment of Justice. When brought
before Commissioner Macdonald,
Marston asked for "A hearing prior to
removal proceedings. Pending the
hearing. he was released upon a
$4,000 bond given for him by Milton
kronheim.
In the grand jury indictment, it
was, alleged. that Marston being a
stockholder and treasurer of the
United Dress Goods, Inc, of Boston,
did order from A. D. Julliard &
Company, Inc. and c. Brhnsen &
Company of New York city. mer-
chandise with the attempt to de-
fraud.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1923-03-06
3,0DO.POL|CE CALLED.
OUT IN VICE WAR
Drastic Order Speaks for
Self, Says Chicago Chief,
Criticized as Lax.
COURT TO MAKE PROBE
Reformers Say 500 Dens Are Run
ming and All Will Be Sur
rounded.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO. March 6.-StamplnG out
commercialized vice under what was
said to have been the most oras'ie
notice order ever drawn in chicago
NAV claim the entire attention OF
ooo of the city's available 1913 pa
trolmen.
Charles c. Fitzmorris. chief OF po-
lice last night directed police cap
tains to place uniformed men at INC
front and back doors of every known
disorderly house in Chicago. Relorlh
leaders have asserted that more tuah
500 such places are operating mere
Two men to a house on each eight
hour tour of duty would account lol
approximately three-hfths OF the UNI
formed police personnel.
Order "Speaks for ITSELF
Chief Fitzmorris refused to COM
ment on the order other than to say
that it speaks for itself 1t IN
formed the police captains that no
excuses will be accepted for failure
to comply with this order, and thal
if stationing the men reduced the ell
fectiveness at any precinct station 10
an unavoidable minimum. patrolmeh
would be transferred from other pre-
cinctS not so hard hit.
The chiefs order came within TOUR
hours after Chief Justice Mckinney
of the criminal courts had indicated
the March grand jury would be re
quired to renew the investigation into
alleged vice conditions. The January
and February grand juries failed 10
return indictments. Chief FitZmorrls
testified before the February grand
jury. He was understood 10 nave
Il. n -
fairly good. and that there was no
open vice. He used a card index, II
was. said, to prove numerous raids
had been made on alleged dlSorderlH
houses and that the resultant cases
had been dealt with lenientlE IN vi
riouS city courts.
Many Chiefs "BrOken on Rocks"
At Chief Fitzmorris' office it was
said the order was decided on after
several conferences. 1t was asserted
by some of the chiefs counSeiofS
that many chiefs have been broker,
on the rocks of diSorderly houses anu
gambling" and that F'itzmorris t "a,
decided to give the "rrforlheis WA
they insist on having.
Chief FitzmorriS' stand has been
that Chicago was as orderly as u
.'can be without turning the whole
police force loose on vice and letlihS
the criminals run wild.
Chief Justice Mckinley said that
eff the chief sees tit to assign all
$500 patrolmen 10 guard one nat
that is his responsibility. If crime
becomes rampant as the result or
his order the public still Will h"it.
him responsible.
Will Cooperate with Courts.
"On the other hand. if it is the
chiefs intention to cooperate IN a
sane and sensible manner with the
courts and the better element or the
city to stamp out dens when are
the incubators of criminals, he de-
serves and should receive the COM
mendation OF the public"