davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
WHAT IMPROVED
MARKETING MEANS
Farmers Have Increased the
Prosperity of TilIamook Val
ley by Their Joint Effort.
BY THEODORE MAcKLIN,
College of Agriculture.


Marketing is a word that seems to
mean all of the mysteries which ac-
count for success. To the public the
phrase inefficient marketing explains
business failure, while efficient mar
keting is the most widely accepted
means Of winning economic better
ment.
Both farmers and consumers seek IN
better marketing a solution for their
diminishing dollar and it's shrunken
purchasing power. To the farmer eff
ficient marketing means the hope OF
higher wholesale prices for what he
sells. To the consumer it means the
hope of lower retail prices for what ne
buys.
Want Smaller Margins.
In a word the public defines the re-
suits of improved marketing In terms
of q smaller difference or margin be-
tween the figure paid to the farmer and
the price charged to the consumer. 1t
efficient marketing is to mean any
thing to the public at large, 1t must
mean the spending Of smaller part
of the consumers dollar to pay for
marketing costs. It must result in
higher wholesale prices to farmers and
lower retail prices to consumers.
To the commercial class now spe-
cializing in doing the work which mar
keting requires, this public demand
means just one thing. 1t means that
the middleman who works for himself
must find some way to give better re-
suits for less money. If, as a private
profit maker, the middleman cannot
do this, something is bound to happen.
The farmer will take hand in trying
to help the middleman do what he
wants to have accomplished. One way
of helping a group Of men to do better
when it neglects to do so in an indie
pendent capacity is to hire these men,
or others like them, and direct them so
that better work will be done at less
cost. The farmer can do with middle
men Just what the banker or receiver
does for bankrupt enterprise, take
over the system and operate it on a
basis that is satisfactory.
Conditions Can Be Improved.
Fortunately from numerous investi-
cations and from many practical ex-
amples of improved marketing it is
definitely known that the present mar
keting system can be decidedly i'm
proved. BY changing local creameries
from private to cooperative manage
ment, investigation shows that Wis
consin farmers increased their returns
10 per cent. By changing the sale of
cheese from the private individual
basis to the cooperative consolidated
sales basis Tillamook farmers in
creased their income more than 10 per
cent. All this was done without fore
ing consumers to pay higher retail
prices. Besides in the TiIIamook ex-
ample and in many other similar
cases, consumers received much more
satisfactory product and service than
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
COVERING FOR POTATO PATCH
Cow Manure Is Best, as It Will Not
Burn Crop If Weather Is Dry
and Hot in Spring.

In the spring cover the potato
ground with good COW manure, not
horse manure, as it will burn the crop
if the weather is dry and hot, then
disk the ground good and deep. Break
the patch, SOW the fertilizer with the
wheat drill and then harrow and
drag it. Mark off the ground and
plant one piece of potato to hill,
each piece containing one eye, the
hills about twelve inches apart. AS
soon as the potatoes come up. harrow
with section harrow and in about
three or four days pillow with a shovel
pillow. The potatoes should be plowed
every week as long as the vines are
green. When the vines begin to die,
hill up but not too high.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
Pillow LANDS SHOW
DECREASE I'M VALUE
Iowa Makes Largest Drop, Ac-
Cording to Survey.
Gains Have Occurred in Early Truck
Crop States North of South
Carolina and Generally
in Cotton States.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
A drop Of 26 per cent in the value
of pillow lands during the past three
years is shown in a statistical survey
made by the United States Department
of Agriculture. Pillow lands in the
United States had an average value
of $66.53. per acre March l, 1928, as
compared with $69.89 on March 1, 1922,
with $83.7S March 1, 1921, and with
$90.01 March 1, 1920.
BY states, Iowa shows the largest
drop over the three-year period, reg
istering a. decrease of $50 an acre. Illi-
nois is next with drop of $44 an
acre; Indiana third with drop Of
S37 South Dakota fourth with a drop
Of $32 an acre, and Nebraska, Utah
and Idaho next, each showing a drop
of 500 an acre. The smallest decrease,
50 an acre over the three-year period,
is shown in Massachusetts and New
Hampshire. Connecticut shows drop
of So; Alabama 81, New York and
Florida So, Virginia and West Vir-
ginia Sc. An increase of So per acre
is shown in New Jersey, and of 81 in
Rhode Island.
From 1922 to 1923 gains in pillow land
prices have occurred in early truck
crop states north Of South Carolina
and generally in the cotton states.
Continued depreciation is shown in
states in the corn and wheat belts, and
in the mountain and Pacific regions.
Prices were above 500 per acre on
March 1, 1928 in only three states, $153
in Iowa, $126 in Illinois, and $113 in
California. Low prices were $50 In
Montana, and $26 in Georgia, Ala-
bama, and Mississippi.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
CHEESEMEN POINT
WAY TO SUCCESS

The greatest improvements in
marketing during recent years have
come through the establishment and
operation of sales companies doing
their work with minimum expense and
rendering better service than was pre-
yiously available.
Although Wisconsin is noted for the
development of cooperative enter
prises by farmers, mostly of local
character, as shown by creameries,
cheese factories, live stock shipping
associations and similar enterprises,
vet not until recently has the state ac-
complished much in real cooperative
sales organizations. While the at
tention of farmers has been called
reneatedly to the cooperative market
ing companies of California, Canada
and other countries, few people in
the state have realized that within
her borders there were at least two
important enterprises-the Wisconsin
Cheese Producers federation and the
wisconsin Cranberry Sales company
worthy of the name of cooperative
sales companies.
According to economists in the Wis
consin College of Agriculture, Wis
consin cheese has been successfully
marketed comparatively more than
eight years, and cranberries for a
longer time. This definitely shows that
wisconsin farmers who wish to CO.
operate may successfully do so if they
earnestly and persistently follow sound
plans. Numerous farmers are de-
termined to bring about better con-
ditions in marketing by means Of CO
or,ora tim
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
FINISHED LANDS
IN GOOD DEMAND
Young Animals in Farm Flock
Should Be Ready for Market
When Four Months Old.
TRY TO AVOID STOMACH WORM
Make More Rapid and Less Expensive
Gains While Young Than When
oIder-It Is of Utmost Import
ance to Feed Properly,

prepared by the United States Department
of Agrieulture)
Lambs in the farm flock should be
ready for market when about four
months old, according to specialists of
the United States Department Of Ag-
riculture. Reasons for pushing the
lambs as fast as possible in order to
market them at this early age are as
follows:
Average nrtket prices are higher in
the spring sw1 early summer.
Lambs wiz make more rapid and
less expensive gains in flesh while
young than when they are older.
Less laDor and less pasture will be
/ required for the flock.
q Escape Internal Parasites.
= Lambs marketed in the early part of
the season escape the heat of the
summer and the ravages of the stomach
worm and other internal parasites.
This Is very important, say the special
fsts ais it has been found that in
most instances the weight of lambs
remains practically at a standstill from
midsummer until fall If they be-
come infected with stomach worms as
is usually the case in the farm flock,
they will lose weight during this
period and a large number of the ami
mails may die.
Proper Feed Is Essential.
In order to produce lambs of de-
sirable quality and weight for the
market at this early age it is necesA
sary to feed properly both the ewes
and lambs. The. ewes should be
brought to the Landing season in good
flesh so that large milk flow is as
sured. 1t has been found that it is
not essential to feed grain to ewes
sucking lambs if they are on good
pasture. If the pasture is short, how
ever, or if the ewes are on dry feed
the daily addition Of 1 to 2 pounds
Of grain per head to their ration is
advisable. The lambs should be
taught to eat at as early an age as
possible. They will usually begin
nlbbIing at feed when they are from
10 to Is days old. A creep should be
prepared so that they can get away
from the ewes and the best quality of
alfalfa or clover hay should be kept
before the lambs in this creep. They
should also be given small amounts
of such Feed as crushed corn, oats or
barley with a little wheat bran and oil
meal. 1t is important that the grain
be clean and fresh and that the
troughs are kept clean. After the
lambs have learned to eat they should
be given twice daily, as r4uch grain
as they will eet within few minutes
time.
If the general practices outlined
above are followed by the farm flock
owner it will be very easy for him to
put his lambs on the market at an
early age with sufficient weight and
condition to satisfy the buyers and
to assure him of good returns.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
CAREFULLY PLAN FOR GARDEN
Many Forget to Plant for Succession
Until Too Late Without Period
of Waiting.

You must be careful and expert
enced in garden making if you can
go at il hit and miss and have crops
come just when you want them in
good order. Most of US forget to
plant for succession until too late to
have ready without period of wait
ing between crops. Planning and
carefully planting to the plan is the
only way most of us can manage to
have a constant supply of vegetables
from spring until fall in an appetizing
variety. This means that our garden
will have a much greater value to us
and cost no more labor, for we have
to keep garden soil clean or pay the
price in extra work later.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26

constituents, which usually are not

constituents, which usually are not
especially abundant In sandy soils.
Trials made with this plant in Wis
cousin have shown that it winterkills
almost completely. One trial with
Kudzu was made on the experiment
station farm some ten years ago and
was so disappointing that the plant
was at once discarded as Of no value
under Wisconsin conditions.
Recently more extensive trials were
conducted. The results were identical
with those Of the first trial. except that
the vines grew to a greater length,
averaging ten to twelve feet. AL
though the leaves grew to height of
a foot or more and could be cut
readily, the vines lay so close to the
ground that the mower did not reach
them. The moved leaves fell among
the vines and 1t was impossible to
rake them up. During the winter the
plants were killed by frost; hence
the Kudzu is not perennial in Wiscon-
sin and the labor required to set new
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
Why Purebreds Pay

Just how much better, from
the actual dollars and cents
standpoint, are purebreds than
common animals? Thousands
of farmers have pondered the
question. In a study covering
$1,000 head of breeding stock in
various parts of the United
States, the federal Department
of Agriculture finds purebreds
worth forty cents above par or
common.
And why can the farmer get
as large a return with ten pure
breds as with fourteen dung.
hills? The purubred makes bet
ter use Of the feed, the meat is
of better quality and brings a
higher price, there is less offal
when the animal is dressed and
the young have a greater selling
value. Since it takes fewer ami
mails to return the same income,
the owner has less money tied
up in housing space and Labor
hence his annual overhead
charge is less per head.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26

ever before. Thus they received more
for their money than previously.
Wherever farmers have taken 1t
upon themselves to improve marketing,
they have first gained understanding
and conviction as to what their prob
lem was and how to proceed construc-
lively. Generally speaking neither
farmers nor consumers have under
taken to gain this sort of knowledge
about their marketing problem. With
out such information and the driving
conviction to act on it, there is no
hope Of improving the situation. The
farmer has learned from bitter expe-
rience that employing green help from
the city does not get farm work done
either well or cheaply. Such hired
labor does not know what to do with
out being constantly told and watched.
Experience Is Required.
In the same way farmers or others
who impulsively launch into attempts
at improving marketing with neither
marketing experience nor understand
ing has a touch time of it. One has
but to point to the immense graveyards
Of local cooperative creameries, pack
ing plants, retail stores, and other ven-
lures to prove that it is impossible to
succeed unless co-operators are willing
to take the time to learn how success
is won. There is no lack Of informa-
ton to aid farmers in gaining this nee
essary understanding. The difficulty
lies entirely with the people who either
do not know where to obtain facts, or
who neglect to write to the College Of
Agriculture and other state sources for
information and references on market
ing.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
PLANTS TO BE TRANsPLANTED
Harden off Gradually, Giving Fresh
Air and Avoid Sudden Changes
of Temperature.

IF plants are kept growing at ram
pant pace in the warm hotbeds right
up to the time they are to be trans
planted in the open garden they are
likely to be sappy and spindling. Har-
den them off gradually as transplant
ing time approaches, give them a
breath Of fresh air frequently, and do
not subject them to sudden changes of
temperatures. IF this is done losses
will be less, the plants will start off
much more readily and will remain
thrifty throughout the season.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
POULTRY NOTES

A hen will not lay eggs, no matter
how well she is fed, unless she has the
egg-making material.
Light in the poultry house is one
factor which cannot be overempha-
sized.
Set only uniform eggs Of average
size. Small. misshapen eggs and *
traordinarily large eggs do not hatch
as well as the aggs Of average size
and texture.
Dampness is fatal to success with
fowls, but clear dry quarters do not
have to be warm. Sudden changes of
temperature are to be avoided and the
flock should be kept from chilly winds
or storms.
Geese can be fattened by forced
feeding with noodles and this is often
done for the highest class markets.
oyster shell and grit must be be
fore the flock at al times. The oyster
shell furnishes the lime for the egg
shell, while the grit takes the place
Of the hens teeth.
The last important thing to remem-
Der If good results are expected, is to
keep the poultry house clean. This
includes the dropping boards, nestS
and. most of all, the floor.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26

once been established it will 60 on pro-
ducing heavy crops for a number Of
years. 1t is recommended for use on
sandy soils where other leguminous
crops will not grow satisfactorily. On
such soils certainly we cannot expect
that heavy crops Of Kudzu can be OBJ
tanned for several years in succession.
Heavy Soil Feeder.
Kudzu, like many other leguminous
plants, supplies practically all Of the
nitrogen for it's own needs through the
nodules which form on the roots, and
may even leave the soil richer in
nitrogen, nevertheless it Is making
heavy drafts on the other plant food
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
DANGEROUS GARDEN DISEASES
lt Pays to Carefully Examine Plants
Before Setting Outlook for
YeIIows on Cabbage.

Many dangerous diseases are ear
ried into gardens on plants. 1t pays
to examine plants before setting them
in the garden. Cabbage plants, for
example should be turned upside
down and examined carefully for a
disease known as yellows. which has
been common in midwestern gardens
during the last few years. Those with
yellow leaves are probably diseased.
Dwarfed, twisted leaves, with a dark
brown streak in the sap tubes, are
other symptoms Of yellows.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
Seven Scrub Chasers
Sell that scrub bull fo

1. Sell that scrub bull for
beef.
2. Make an exchange for
registered bull calf.
3. Exchange scrub bull in
part payment toward a purebred
bull of serviceable age.
4. Hold a registered bull sale,
encouraging scrub owners to buy
a bull at their own price.
5. Form a bull club or a bull
association.
6. Ask your county breed sec
rotary and county agent to as
sist in replacing that scrub with
a good purebred bull.
z. Encourage scrub bull own
er to borrow a good purebred
bull from his neighbor for him
to keep to be used for two years
service, then return him to origi-
nal breeder.-A. j. Cramer, Wis
consin College of Agriculture
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
ANNUAL COST OF
FARM TRACTORS
Big Items Are Depreciation, Fuel,
Repairs and Upkeep, In
tereSt and Oil.
TAXES AND INSURANCE COUNT
Bulletin Issued by Department Of Az
rcuture Gives Simple Formula
for Figuring Expense-Many
Suggestions Given

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
Principal items Of cost in operating
tractor, in order of their relative inn
portance, are depreciation, fuel, re
pairs and upkeep, interest and lubri-
eating oil, according to L. A. Reynold-
son and H. r. Tolley Of the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Other costs making up the total cost
are: Labor in repairing and attend
ing the tractor, housing, grease, taxes
the results of investigations concern
ing tractor costs which the Depart
ment of Agriculture has conducted
among tractor owners at various times
and which have been brought together
and are presented in Farmers Bulletin
1897, "Cost of Using Tractors on Corn
Belt Farms"
First Cost of Tractor.
Granting that any tractor will do the
work for which it is made, first cost is
stated to be the item which demands
greatest consideration on the part of
the purchaser. This item depends on
the size, type and make Of machine and
should indicate fairly well the quality.
To determine depreciation charges on
tractor whether by the day or year,
first cost is divided by the total useful
life in years, or the days of work
done during the life of the machine.
The annual cost for interest on trac-
tor is fixed charge for each year of
life The bulletin gives simple
formula for figuring the interest on a
tractor costing any amount and giving
different numbers of years service.
Keep Down Repair Expense.
To keep repair expense at a mini
mum, the farmer is advised to do his
own repairing and overhauling so far
as possible The size Of machine,
the operation, and above all, the OPP
orator, are said to govern to a large
extent the quantities of fuel and oil
which are daily required. The wide
variation in the amount Of fuel and
oil used per day by different sized
tractors is counterbalanced by the
larger or smaller amounts of work
done by the different sizes, the bulle-
tin states.
Owners and prospective owners
should not place too much weight on
the average performance of tractors"
the authors of the bulletin advise,
pointing out that ian average figure
represents various results, some of
which may be normal, and some either
above or below normal. 1t should be
the object of every farmer operating a
tractor to strive to excel any result
given as an average figure whether it
represents life, cost of operation or
days of USE" Suggestions for reduc-
ing the cost of using tractors include
the acquiring of ability to operate
tractors, saving time, and combining
implements and operation.
Copies of Bulletin 1897 may be OBJ
tanned free upon request to the United
States Department Of Agriculture,
Washington.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
BEWARE OF NoxIoUs DoDDER
Slogan Which Seed Growers Must
Adopt If They Wish to Stay
In Business.

Beware Of dodder" is slogan
which clover seed growers must adopt
IF they wish to stay in the game.
There is no weed that is causing clio
yer seed growers more anxiety than
field dodder. New infestations are be
ing discovered each year. Like many
other weeds dodder may grow unob-
served by the farmer until it has OBJ
tanned a foothold that is hard to
break.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
SOME CROPS MATURE SLOWLY
Sweet Potatoes, Pumpkins and
Squashes Unsuitable Where Two
Crops Are Grown in Season.

Never plant sweet potatoes, pump
kins or squashes~ in the garden where
you expect to grow two crops in
single season. All Of these crops re-
quire from 12O to $50 days to mature.
The bush squash, however, natures in
from 60 to so days, but the vine squash
utilizes the full season.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26

plants annually makes the cost Of pro
ducing it prohibitive.
Not Highly recommended.
1t has some value as pasture but
not enough to warrant growing it
in the Northern states. where it must
compete with alfalfa, clover and soy
beans, all of which are much better
suited to the climatic conditions.
In that section of the country where
the Kudzu is perennial it undoubtedly
can be produced advantageously and
economically, but farmers of Wisconsin
cannot afford to waste time and money
attempting to grow it..
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
PRODUCING WOOL In STATES
In 1922 Total of 21e,oe5,0 900 Pounds
Was Reported-Wyoming and
Texas In Lead.

Wool is produced in every state in
the Union, according to reports Of the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. In 1922 production totaled 219,-
O95,OO0 pounds (not including pulled
wooD, compared with 225,546,000
pounds in 1921. Wyoming and Texas
led in production in 1922, having pro-
duced 22,5O0,000 pounds and 19,300,000
pounds, respectively.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
CROPS FOR EARLY PLANTING
Radishes and Spinach Are Two Old
standbys of Gardener-Hardy
and Mature Rapidly.

Radishes and spinach are two Of the
gardeners old standbys for early plant
ing on ground where at least two crops
in a single season are to be grown on
the same plot. They are not only
hardy, but mature early enough to be
out of the way for another crop.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26
CLAIMS MADE FOR
KUDZU ARE PROBED
State Experiment Workers Place
Plant on TriaI-Discourag-
ing Results Reported.
BY A. [. STONE,
Wisconsin College of Agriculture.

Great claims have been made for
Kudzu as a forage crop. AS shown by
the advertisements, this plant is not
propagated by the seed but by cut
tings, and these must be set out in
the same way as plants of tobacco
or cabbage. This entails a great deal
of work, for which there might be
compensation If the claims made for
this plant were borne out by the re-
suits.
1t is stated that when Kudzu has
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-04-26

substantiated by experiments in the
experiment station and others, It has
been found that June and July hatch
ing either from the standpoint of egg
or meat production is not as profitable
as the early Matching. In some IN
stances where the season is backward
and plenty of shade can be afforded,
and vermin can be controlled by rigid
sanitation methods, June and July
Matching can be made profitable.