davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-09-27

DOWN STAIRS STORE
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
denial of jury trial, considered the backbone of the appeal

denial of jury trial, considered the backbone of the appeal. Departs From Common Law.
 While the common law provides that punishment for contempt is en- tirely within discretion of the court, sections of the Clayton act specifcal- ly providing jury trial on demand of the accused are cited. The argument IS made that Congress obviously in tended a departure from the common law in the section which reads "such trial may be by the court or, upon demand of the accused, by jury"
 The brief filed with the Chicago court by Attorney Richberg for the the American Federation of Labor is devoted exclusively to discussion of the following questions:
 I. Does the relationship of employ CT and employe continue during a strike or lockout?
 ?. Is jury trial mandatory in contempt cases coming within the terms of the Clayton act?
 3. If the Clayton act requires jury trial in certain contempt cases, are these provisions of the act un- constitutional?
 "Not Unconstitutional"
 Attorney Richberg, who framed the appeal answers both of the first two questions afirmatively and with reference to the third maintains the section IS not unconstitutional.
 "All Federal courts" he asserts, "are mere creatures of Congress and possess no powers except those spe- cihcally granted to them by an act of Congress"
 Following an argument that the court includes not only the judge, but the jury and a clerk, as we'll, Attor ney Richberg concludes his brief thus:
 For the judge of court to attempt to exercise alone the power reposed jointly in the judge and jury is to undermine this institution, the pres ervation of which is commonly re- garded as essential by those who de sire to maintain the American form of government"
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
Org iZa ion That Made Union Member ship a Crime In Italy Already Starting in America.

To head off the growing menace of Fascism on this continent, the or ganized labor forces of New York have initiated counter pledged to weed the country of every trace of Fascist influence Under auspices of the Italian Chamber of Labor in New York a conference was called of all organized bodies of labor or labor's friends, and. the Workers Anti Fascist Alliance of North America is the concrete result.
 Starting with the solid backing of labor in>- New York, the counter-at- tack on Fascism has already received the endorsement and af1liation of scores of labor unions in other parts of the country. Resolutions con demning the Fascist and calling upon labor to fight them here-so vigorous that they constitute declaration of war against the imported, reactionary group-have been unanimously adopt ed by the Central Labor Union of Greater New York, the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, of America and other labor organiza- tions.
 Fascism, according to representa- tives of the Anti-Cascisti Alliance, Is a real menace Although as yet com paratively small, the blackshirt forces are nucleus which may grow to un- manageable proportions under the loving care of labor's enemies. It must be eradicated now.
 "Whatever phrases it's organizers may use because they fear to come out openly in this country" the new Alliance declares in a letter sent to Labor organizations here and else where, "the purposes of the Fascist internationally are written in blood so that the whole world may read. They bomb, dagger and frebrand; they have no ideal other than the destruc-
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
LABOR MOBIL HE'S TO FIGHT <.~" MENACE OF FASCISTI HERE

tion of labor's power.
 l, "In Italy they have made 1t a crime to belong to a real labor union. Hun dreds of labor temples are in aches. Thousands of the best fighters in la bor's battles have been murdered by the Fascist. Tens of thousands have been imprisoned and mistreated
 "The labor movement of the entire world Is threatened with extinction if the Fascist, after practically destroy ing the Italian abor movement, should spread to other countries.
 "A compact, well-hnanced Fascist organization already exists in this country-in the open in some cities, secretly in others. It has the back ing of the reactionary elements here and abroad It has the open sym pathy of such arch-enemies of labor as Judge Gary and Barnes.
 "Unless we act immediately to stem the tide of Fascism 1t will roll over this country and duplicate it's European misdeeds. The power which in Italy murdered thousands of la bor's best fighters imprisoned tens of thousands, burned hundreds of labor temples, and destroyed scores of la Dor papers, the powera that made 1t a crime to belong to Teal labor union or to insist on the eight-hour day, seeks to establish itself among us. Are you with us to prevent this?
 The Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America has been started pledged to make finish fight against Fascism. It has the support of all organized labor in New York and scores of local unions outside, as evil denced by the enthusiastic endorse- ments of such organizations as the Central Trades and Labor Council of Greater New York, the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, the Italian Chamber of La Dor, the United Hebrew Trades, etc. In a letter to Brither Ninfo, secre tary-treasurer of the Anti-Fascist AL 1iance, Samuel Gompers, too, assert ed his full sympathy with the drive against the Fascist.
 We need your cooperation. Please act immediately, with view to an offensive on Fascism now, rath- CT than a defensive fight later"
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
UNION MEN ASK JURY TRIAL
 IN COURT CONTEMPT CASES Appeal Taken in Conviction of Men in Shopmens Strike
 Cites Clayton Act Provisions

thorn in the side of organized labor the question of whether Federal judges may continue to find guilty and sentence persons cited for con tempt of court under the Clayton Act, is expected to be definitely an swered by a decision, expected short ly, from the circuit court of appeals in Chicago, on an appeal from the decision of a Superior, Wis, judge in a case growing out of the ship mems strike last summer
 If the appeal is upheld, defendants in such cases in the future will be entitled to trial by jury. If not, the only alternative will be a fight in Congress to obtain new legislation,
 Michaelson ,et al, including 10 form at Hudson, Wisconsin, against the Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway victed of contempt by United States District Court Judge C. z. Luze, of Superior The A. F. of L. has inter ested itself in the case and has filed a brief supplemental to the appeal framed by Donald R. Richberg, coun- sel for the Railway Employees Depart ment of the A. F. of L., who repre- sents the convicted men.
 Substantiation of the appeal by the circuit court, 1t Is pointed out, would establish an important precedent. There would be small likelihood Of convicting men of contempt of court in their own communities, where the populace usually is in sympathy with the strikers, it is hinted.
 The appeal is based on writ of error and was taken following de nial of a new trial. Thee alleged errors were embodied in denial of a jury trial, l"as provided by law; all legged insufhciency of evidence, the allegation that the court was without jurisdiction to impose sentences, and that in doing SO the court was in error, for the reason that the sentence imposed was without warrant in law.
 Chief discussion has centered on
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
LISTEN TO THIS BUNK THE GANG
 IS HANDING OUT
Wish Is Evidently Father to the Thought of Open
 Shoppers.

The American Federation of Labor is politically, socially and industri- ally i'll. It is sorely in need of a cure. Will it wait until that cure comes from it's master the American people, or will it find the cure within it's own ranks? says Industrial Pro- gress.
 This was the situation described and the question asked by Industrial Progres-then Industry-two years ago in presentation of truths and ad- missions, taken mainly from the Fed eration's official journal, the Amer ican Federationist, that showed the Federation, because of it's lack of conception of public interest and pub lie duty since it's establishment and by it's acts and procedures, had turn ed the American people from an attl- tl1de of interest to that of criticism and denunciation. ~
 In April, 1921, the American Fed eration voiced the alarm of the oflc- ials of the Federation in the words, We are confronted with supreme
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
PLASTERERS' UNION
 BLOCKS PLOT SUIT
Court Holds That Untermyer Was
 Not Delegated to Prosecute Case.

New York, July 13.-Samuel Unter- myer is blocked, in procedure against 36 officers and members of Plasterers Union No. Go, by decision of Jus tice Mahoney in the criminal branch of the supreme court that MT. Unter- myer lacks authority to press the charges of conspiracy in restraint of trade between 1920 and 1922. The union members were indicted last year, but the case resulted in mis- trial, and now Judge Mahoney has ruled that although MT. Untermyer is a deputy attorney general he was not specifically delegated by the at torney general to present evidence against the plasterers.
 ''Whatever evidence you will hear, he told the grand jury, twill come from District Attorney Banton." MT. Banton was unprepared for the ruling, so the case was adjourned to Thurs day, when Jonah J. Goldstein, union attorney, may ask dismissal on the ground that MT. Untermyer should
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
LOW WAGES CAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN
 PORTO RICO
By International Labor News Service.

By International Labor News Service
 Washington, D. C., July I3.-Low wages are directly responsible for the tuberculosis which scourges the work ing people of Porto Rico to a degree unknown in the United States.
 This is the purport of a statement by Dr. J. c. Townsend, of the U. $. Public Health Service, who recent ly returned to the United States after five months study of the tubercu- losis situation in the island, which has belonged to the United States since the SpanishAmerican war.
 Dr. Townsend found that the high rate of tuberculosis is chiefly due to poor housing and poor food, due in turn to poor wages. Responsibility of low wages for tuberculosis among the working people IS emphasized, he found, by the fact that the tuberru- losis rate of the well-todo classes is very much lower than among the wage earners.
 \ Dr. Townsend's report, which pub lie health experts point out Is an 1r- wages, is summarized by the Public Health Service in part as follows:
 "The tuberculosis death rate in <OO per hundred thousand This is greater than that of any state in the Union except Colorado, where the tubercu- losis death rate is of course enor- mously increased by the constant inn migration of tuberculosis patients for whom there. is no longer any hope.
 "In Porto Rico, moreover, the tu- berculosis death rate of the well-to- do classes is very much lower than that of the laboring classes. In the industrial cities on the practically level coast belt it averages about 8 per cent. of the total death rate; in the mountainous central portion 1t Is less, averaging about per cent, except in certain industrial towns, es- pecially those dependent on the to- bacco industry.
 These nigh rates are not due to the climate, which is both delightful and healthful, but to the conditions under which the poorer classes live. A survey of more than a thousand houses occupied by the laboring classes in seven of the larger cities on the island reveals that practi- cally all of them consist of two rooms, and shelter an average of six persons.
 "The usual diet of the people for the most part IS also ideal tor the propagation of the disease. Black coffee, rice and beans in great quan- titles, and sometimes bananas, or anges and plantains complete the list.
 Both the housing and the diet are due chiefly to the prevailing economic conditions. A wage of 30 cents to ST per day (generally 50 cents) makes it impossible for the laborer to sup port his family, to furnish habitable homes, and to purchase adequate food. Employers say that the average labor CT does not do enough work to en- title him to higher wages; and this may be admitted But the laborer cannot do better work, because he suffers not only from tuberculosis, but also from hookworm and malnu- triton He cannot afford to do what his doctors advise, and in consequence he cannot give his employer better labor This vicious circle can be broken, but it has not yet been."
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13

DON'T be blind to your own inter ests, unionism helps all workingmen, all society, the home and state.
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
not have been in the grand jury room when the indictments were returned

not have been in the grand jury room when the indictments were returned.
 MT. Untermyer was so sure the case would go on that he had nine witnesses under subpoena to appear, and Abraham Friedman, his assistant, was ready to proceed.
 "I regard the case," MT Untermy- CT said, "as one of the most important ant of recent years as affecting the industrial and economic life of the country. It will determine whether the labor unions are above the law and if not to what extent they are subject to the law The constitution of this union provides, among other things, that if an employer who Is aggrieved by a labor union applies to the court to enjoin 1t from per petrating illegal acts he shall be black listed and be refused the right to em- ploy union labor It also limits the number of apprentices and its bylaws. provide for hning employers who do not obey the summons of the union"
 MT. Untermyer said that he received from the present -attorney-general ne. wdesignation as special attorney general and that as such he IS acting without compensation and has been paying expe1fses out of his own pock- et The question of further prose cution rests, he said, with the attor- ney-general.
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13

crisis. Not even when the nation hovered on the brink of war was the situation more critical"
 The American Federation of Labor is far below the peak of membersh ship it once had (now about 3,2oo, 1000 against 4,,55o,ooo in 1o2o); it has been censured by leaders of public opin- ion in the pulpit and in the press for it's contemptuous disregard of public rights in promoting nation wide strikes affecting industry and transportation; 1t has been stigma tized for it's rapacious policy of forcing the continuance of wage schedules exacted in the hour of the nations distress through war; it is shot through and through with dis sension arising in the grudges and personal ambitions of it's leaders; it is bedevilled by inside 'horers" in it's ranks who would shatter it's craft organization and reconstruct it along the lines of "One Big Union;" and most of all it sees its claims and appeal to individual workers mega tived by benefits and advancements offered, free from the price of strikes involving assessments and loss of time and pay, through the spread of "Open Shop" employment through the country, by guilds and company unions where employers and workers settle their affairs without having their differences capitalized by absen- tee union labor bosses.
 The heat has evidently gone to the head of Industrial Progress" what ever that is.
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
ALIENS TOOTHLESS COURT WILL CONTINUE
 ITS BLUFF

Topeka, Kan, July 13.-The mem bers of the Kansas industrial court have refused to accept Governor Davis suggestion that they refrain from drawing salaries and by such action automatically abolish the "can't-strike" court.
 The governors action followed the United States supreme courts de- cision that the court has no power to set wages or enforce its decisions.
 In his letter the governor said that the decision "seems to imply that every power and duty of the court, save what is covered in other statutes and imposed upon other departments of the state government, has been taken away"
 The recent state legislature, which opposes the governor, politically, ap- propriated funds for the court for the next two years. This makes 1t possible for the members of the court to hold their jobs, though the su- preme court has shorn them of pow CT.
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
WAGE CUTS DONE
 WARNS GOMPERS
Rail, Coal, and Other Strikes Put
 End to Them, He States.

Baltimore, Md, July !3.-Samuel Gompers, president of the Ameri- can Federation of Labor, in an ad- dress to the delegates of the 47th annual convention of the American Flint Glass Workers union here ad- vised the workers that at the coming wage conference with their employers they demand the return of wages cut during the period of depression which followed the war.
 Labor, MT. Gompers said, will ac- cept no further wage reductions, and added that the "greatest thing which has happened in the history of America since the Civil war were the strikes by the coal miners, the railroad shopmen, the needle work CTS, the granite cutters, the printers and others
 Had it not been for these strikes Mr. Gompers added, the wages of labor would have been cut to the lowest possible level
 He declared that the struggle ot labor in America was just begin ming.
 "The battle to enforce recognition of trade unionism was but the start, Mr.. Gompers said "The presen movement to institute the open shoI is really blow at the vitals of labor a movement having for it's end thu crushing of organized workmen."
The Connecticut labor news., 1923-07-13
CLAY WORKERS GAIN.

Washington, July I3-In let ter to President Gompers, William Tracy, general secretary of the United Brick and Clay Workers of America, states that substantial gains are re- corded for brick and clay workers in the Chicago district
 The agreement provides for the union shop, the check-off, the eight hour day, and wage increases for all classes of workers
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1923-09-26
Auto Hits Tree, Man Dead.

PoUGHKEEPSIE, Sept. BED.
ward Cullman, Of New York city,
was killed when AN automobile
driven by Francis J.. Wilson, OF New
York, crashed into a tree at Knapp's
Corners.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1923-09-26
GAIN
IN BUSINESS
EXPECTED
Bankers Admit Some Appre-
hension Over Possible Con-
gressionaI Action.
: BY w. S. COUSINS.
Copyright, 1898, by Cosmopolitan
Neya Saryina.A

NEWS SerYlco.)
ATLANTIC CITY, N. T., Sept. 20.
There will be no boom in basil
ness this year, but the moderate
improvement in all lines of trade
and industry that has been IN evil
dence since the first of July will
be carried a step forward and End
expression in a greater degree of
prosperity for many lines that have
not yet recovered from the spring
slump.
This is the concensus of opinion
of bankers from every section of
the country attending the annual
meeting Of the American Bankers
Association today. Their optimism
would be even greater were it not
for the general apprehension over
the business legislation which the
next session of Congress may pro-
ducei many admitted.
Individual Views.
Following are some of the in
dividual views:
Commodore William Livingstone,
president Dime Savings Bank, De.
troit: Business in the great indus
trial district OF Detroit looks good
to me. If I could, / would gladly
settle the foreign muddle, so that
business all over the country would
be better. But we must be patient
and make haste slowly.
There are more men employed
in Detroit today than at any other
time in the history OF the city;
there is more building construction,
m ore automobile manufacturing,
more money in circulation, more
prosperity and contentment among
the people.
"One cannot note the develop
nlent of Detroit's industries with
out feeling decidedly optimistic
Daily Improvement Noted.
John r. Washburn, vice president
Continental and Commercial Ma.
tional Bank, Chicago: almost daily
we are receiving in our institution
evidences or the Improvement of
business conditions.
The farmers are paying their
debts, and expanding their prodIc-
tive facilities. Last wear at this
time we had between $50, 900. 900
and $4,000, 900 outstanding in agri-
cultural paper. More than SIS, OO0,-
900 of this paper has been liqui-
dated.
THE banking situation in the
Middle West is excellent. There
we are in the crop moving season,
and feeling not the slightest pinch
for funds in the reserve banking
points There is plenty of funds
for all. and at reasonable rates"
Says Farmer Suffers.
Judge M. c. Tiff, president Mer-
camille State Bank, Minneapolis:
Business conditions in the North
west have shown a considerable
Improvement since early summer.
but the condition of the farmer
there is not as favorable. The
trouble with the farmer is, he was
unable to mark down his inventor
les and adjust his affairs with the
rapidity and thoroughness charac.
teristic Of the industrial centers.
and he is therefore suffering from
the handicap of low prices for his
product and high prices for the
commodities he is compelled to
buy"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1923-09-26
NPL.0YINENT IN
RUSSIA SHOWS
INCREASE
Soviet DaiIy's Figures Indicate
Uniform Growth in
Productivity.
~ Cosmopolitan News Service.

Assuming no responsibility for
the accuracy Of the information.
the United States Department Of
Commerce gives the . following
status of Soviet Russian industry,
taken from official Soviet publica-
tons:
"a survey Of the principal In
Siustries OF Russia, based on the
monthly summaries published in
the Soviet official daily, Economic
Life during the first half Of 1923.
shows q fairly uniform growth Of
productivity and increasing eff
cheney in the utilization of man
power.
..The number Of workmen reg
istered and those actually en-
gagged in twenty-eight Of the prin-
cipaI branches of industry, en1-
bracing an average Of 1900 plans
in actual operation, rose as fol-
lows: Workmen registered and Of
January, SOC, 400; ditto, June 4,
858,8OO; actually employed end Of
January, 725,400; ditto, June !,
797, 100.
OF all industries was estimated, in
gold rubles at 1912 prices, as fol-
lows: January, no data; February
"a, ST., 900; March, S3,845,000; April,
7S.S35,000; May, 7S,54S,0O0; June.
1916, 900.
'.June production represented, in
terms Of utilization Of man power,
the output Of 19,26O,OOO man.days,
as against, is, 4O0, 900 in May, H.
266, 900 in March and 12,930.000 In
February; thus indicating growth
In individual productivity and q
decline Of absenteeism.