davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
NEW ALPHABET |S URGED ] FUR USE IN RADIO DISPATCHES
Wireless Engineering Said To Be Leading To Universal
 Language

NEW YORK, July 21.-(By Asso- ated Press. )-The establishment of a universal telegraphic alphabet is urged in a statement issued today by the engineering foundation. Radio engineering is leading the peoples of the earth toward a common lan- guage, the foundation asserts.
 Methods to simplify and expedite the electrical transmission of mes sages should be evolved through na- tional legislation and international conferences. Science and commerce will not hesitate: Is statecraft ready to perform it's function? the foun- dation asks.
 There are ship lanes in the north ern Atlantic" the statement contin- ues." Crowding automobiles in city streets have necessitated traffic lanes. Aviation is establishing lanes in the air Allotting of lanes in the ether has become urgent"
 Begins Investigations.
 General Squier in 1918 commenced investig ations for improving trans mission of the telegraph alphabet, according to the foundation, as the old Morse system failed to tmeet the needs of present day transmission, III llle MOIS6 COde lut GulI IeHl lo interrupted between signals; with the redesigned system the current flows uninterruptedly.
 The new continuous wave sys- tenn designed by General Squier," the foundation states, can be applied to radio telegraphy. Variations for dots, dashes and spaces are reduced to the minimum on the theory that the least practicable change of the fundamental wave should be made. For easier reading the waves have been made square-topped.
 Modulating Frequencies.
 The modulating frequencies em- low order, 1t should be simple to devise instrumentalities to differen- tiate between them and the higher frequencies of static or other nat ural disturbances. This new plan proposes to enter the unused mira audio range, not only adding a use ful band of frequencies, but one be- low the range of the human ear. If employed for telegraphy this band could not interfere with radio tele- phony receiving.
 National legislation and interna- tional conferences are now in order. " the foundation declares in conclusion,
 to put into use these methods of relief to establish the simple uni versal alphabet. Radio engineering is leading the peoples of the earth toward common language, a mutual understanding"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
CATHEDRAL ROBBED

The famous cathedral of Gnesen 30 miles northeast of Posen, has been robbed of its costly collection of an- tique church treasures, which dated back to St. Adelbert, Apostle of the Prussians." The cathedral was orig inally built to safeguard the treas ureS.
 The collection comprised the be- jeweled miter Of St. Adelbert and beautiful monstrances, goblets and other precious articles. The gold and jewels of the collection are estimated as having an actual value of $5O,- 900, 900. The thieves took virtually the entire lot.
 Among the loot was shrine stud ded with 40 sapphrines, an amethyst and large ruby. One of the gold monstrances taken was nearly two feet high and weighed 10 pounds. It was set with 200 diamonds, emeralds and rubies. The altar treasures of the collection stolen included services said to have been used by St. Adel- belt. Adelbert was buried in the Gnesen cathedral, but later his body was removed to Prague. The cathedral was erected in 965 and up to the year 1900 figured large ly in the ceremonies of the croWning of Polish kings. Gneser, which Is re- puted to be one of the oldest of Polish cities, was given back to Poland un- der the terms of the Versailles peace treaty.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
SOUTH CAROLINA
 WAGES BIG FIGHT UPON ILLITERACY
Grown Men And Women Are Urged To Go To
 School

COLUMBIA. s. C., July 21.--(By Associated Press )-The summer school idea, in a modified form is being used by South Carolina in this states fight to wipe out illiteracy
 Vacation boarding schools for men and women who have lacked educa- tional opportunities have been ar ranged for this summer by the state department of education in co-opera- tfon with the authorities of Lander College for Women, at Greenwood, and Erskine college for men at Due West. A full months course in ele- mentary subjects IS offered at each institution at a cost of $12j0 to the student, which includes all expenses except transportation and laundry Pupils whose education has equaled led that of an average sixth grade pupil are not accepted for enroll ment, nor are boys and girls under 14 years old
 The pupils live in the college dor mitories and eat in the college dining halls, and in fact, according to Miss 1 Will Lou Gray, state supervisor or adult school work, lead the same lives that are led by the college stu dents during the regular terms.
 Eighty-nine girls and women at tended the first Opportunity sum mer school, which was conducted at Lander college last summer. The course offered this summer at Frs kline is the first made available to men and boys. The ages of the Ian der students ranged from 14 to 54 last year, the average being IS years. Many of the women came from the cotton mill villages, and not few Of these had their expenses paid by the management of the mills in which 1 they worked for the remainder of the year.
 T wanted to be able to help my lit- ] tie seven-year- son with his les so ns," one of the older women stu i dents said last year. when explaining what had prompted her to leave her i family, and enroll for the summer course.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
HAWAII WILL BATTLE FOR NEW PRIVILEGES
Bill Of Rights" For Island Is Be-
 ing Prepared

HONOLULU, July 21.-(By Asso- ciated Press "A concerted campaign to obtain recognition of Hawaii's status as a territory and it's rights to the benefits and privileges enjoyed by states, as set forth in the measure adopted by the recent legislature, which is known as "Hawaiis bill of rights" is being waged by Gov. Wal lace R. Harrington and other terri torial officials.
 The territorial government is mail- ing to the governors of all of the states and to each member of Con- gress copy of the bill of rights" which was approved April 26. A let ter requesting aid in obtaining the recognition sought accompa nies each copy.
 Reviews History.
 The bill. containing 16 printed pages, reviews the history of the islands from 1858, when annexation to the United States was considered for the first time, until the present day.
 This declaration and it's method of promul gation are extraordinary, unique in the history of legislation" the document says. ''The reason for this procedure Is that an extraordi- nary and critical situation faces Ha- waii-one unique in history"
 For quarter of century Hawaii has occupied the legal status of full and complete political union with the United tSates as an integral part thereof, but a misunderstanding ap- pears to exist in the Congress and in some of the executive departments of the federal government as to the status, which has at times resulted in the classification or treatment of Hawaii as If it were an insular pos session in derogatory manner to the dignity of this territory"
 O o o
 Not "PrOperty" of United States.
 The document declares that "Ha- waii is In no sense the property of the United States, inasmuch as Ha- waii became a part of the union by voluntary agreement as an indepen- dent nation, having sovereign powers co-equal with those of the United States" By the manner of it's en- trance Hawaii acquired certain in- alienabie rights, contractual equi- table and moral, to the maintenance of which the good faith of the United States is pledged" the measure as ts
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
AMERICANS l [ A ]
 IN WORLD'S LIST IF RICHEST MEN
Ford, Rockefeller And Mellon Said To Have Greatest
 Fortunes

LONDON, July 21.-Who are the ten richest men in the world? Asks the Sunday Express. It answers the question itself by giving list at the lead of which Is Henry Ford, whose fortune is estimated at s500,oo0, 900. John D. Rockefeller comes next with $50 000, ,000; Andrew W. Mellon, Sec retary of the Treasury, Is third with s150, 0,000,000, and then follow the Duke of Westminster, Sir Basil Zaha- rolf, Hugo Shines, Percy Rockefel- Ter, Baron II. Mitsui, Baron H. Twas aki and the Gaekwar of Baroda, each with s100.0O0, ,00O
 James B. Duke, the tobacco king; George r. Baker of the First Ma ticnal bank of New York and T. $. Walker, the Minneapolis timber land owner, the Express says, might be added to the list, since they all have fortunes estimated at s1000o0,ooO Indian rulers whose fortunes prob- ably exceed this amount.
 Family Fortunes.
 The Rothschilds. Guggenheims, Vanderbilts, Weyerhousers and the Astors, says the writer, do not ap- pear because theirs are family for tunes. The Rothschild wealth has been estimated st from $250,000,00O to S500000,0O0 and that of the Astors at from $100,000,000 to s500,000,OOO
 Henry Ford Is possibly the richest man in all history, the paper de- clares. He has a net business income of more than $l0O,000.0o0 a year. He earns $250 every minute. Croesus may have been richer, since his ia nous gift to Delphi cost SlO,OOO,00 and that, reduced to todays terms might mean s200,000.0o0.
 O O o
 John D.'s Gifts.
 John D. Rockefeller gave away s50O,000, 900 to charity and to founda- tions before 1921. He Is the head however, of the biggest group of wealthy men ever produced by a single industry, and his private for tune must still rank him second.
 Sir Basil Zaharoff Is Europe's mystery man, but 1t Is no mystery that he is one of Europe's wealthiest men. He owns more than half of Monte Carlo, and his holdings in arament firms are even larger. He Is in oil, finance, shipping, in fact, it Is difficult to say what he IS nor interested in.
 The Mitsuis and the Iwasakis are financiers, traders and shippers. The Gaekwar of Baroda's wealth is al most impossible to estimate, but his diamonds alone are valued at sl,Z5o,- 900 and he has a jeweled tapestry worth s1,500,000. Guns of gold weighing 400 pounds stand at his palace gate.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
RE ACHING FOR H|S GUN, RANCHO VILLA DIED AS HE LIVED
Mexican Nation Still Stirred Over Shooting Of Noto-
 riOus Bandit

MEXICO CITY, July 21.-Pancho Villa died reaching for his gun to fight as he had lived.
 Ramon Contheras, one of Villas es- cort who was wounded twice, told the story of the attack that terminated the career of Mexico's romantic ban dit chicftain. on his hospital cot Sat urday.
 The attack came very suddenly" he said, General Villa died during the first volley. Instinctively he reached for his gun. but he had no opportunity to return the fire. None of his escort had an opportunity to shoot except myself, and I shot twice after I had been wounded. l did not recognize and of those who fired on us.
 Assassins Disappear.
 Villas assassins had disappeared Saturday into the state of Durango, according to word received by the War department. After killing Villa, the party rode In the direction of Durango City. Passing by Carlzo and Alto del Aranjuez, where they divid- ed, each man going his separate way.
 One of the assassins was traced to La l4aDOrclta, where all trace OI HlHi was lost. The pursuit Is continuing under difficulties, according to offi- cial reports to the secretary of war
 The assassination of Villa ap- parently had been planned for some time, according to authorities, who discovered that those who had ann pushed the noted bandit had lived in the vacant house from which they fired on him Friday, at least three or four days before the shooting took place.
 Seven in Ambushing Party.
 There were from seven to nine in the ambushing party.
 Besides Villa and Trillo, three other members of Villas escort were killed and one unknown civilian met death in the storm of bullets. Two of the chieftain's escort were badly wounded.
 Villa was shot nine times, Trillo had seven bullet holes in his body and there were over 40 holes in the automobile In which the Villa party was riding, indicating that the assas- sins were pumping regularly from their rifles to wipe out not only Villa, but all witnesses.
 There is still considerable excite ment In Parral, where citizens are awaiting word as to the progress ol the chase after the murderers. The bodies of Villa and his encourage were taken to the Hotel Hidalgo which was owned by the bandit leader.
 The funeral will be held Sunday al Parral.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
Leaders Spread Famabo Mouement Throughout West
"Last Man Clubs" Annual Meeting Finds Three Suruiuors Attending

quet would be a very sad occasion. Each banquet for many years has been saddened by the rapid inroads of death and I want to make sug- gestion which we can consider for another year and decide upon at our next meeting. That is that we change our constitution so that the last two men shall drink the toast and break up the club"
 Disposition Of Bottle.
 The question of the disposition of the bottle then came up and several schemes were suggested. One of thse was that the bottle be sealed in glass cas and presented to the Minnesota State Historical society. but the one that seemed to meet with the greatest approval was that after the last toast has been drunk, the bottle with the remaining wine be sealed and presented to the Stiti- water post of the American Legion which is to form a similar Last Man Club" and that it is to be passed on and on, until, if, ever, the nations of world combine to make all war inn possible.
 As the three old comrades sat in the lobby of the old Sawyer House in which they had gathered the night before they went away to war as members of B. Company, first Min nesota infantry. their thoughts turned back to these days when they could run a mile in the hot sun much easier than they can rise from their chairs now.
 The banquet and the business meet ing over, the three old comrades shook hands and went their ways to brave another year. Each one de- parted with the same words, well. see you next year." And each one wondered, perhaps, if he would.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
HOLD FLAPPER BANDIT

NEW YORK, July 21.-The flap per has gone, generally speaking, but the "flapper bandit" remains.
 Mrs. Rose Fulton. 23, flapperish and pretty, is being held in a Brook lyn Jail and police detectives are tracing numerous holdups to her. her husband and another man.
 The police declare Mrs. Fulton has confessed to a share in several hold ups and burglaries. Three months ago she was arrested with a man ramed Jack Hannah, charged with the murder of Dutch" Slechinger, but both were later released because of insufficient evidence.
 The trio is also charged with numerous automobile thefts in Iowa and Pennsylvania.
 Bureau of engraving and printing delivered 13.354, ,949, S61 perfect postage stamps during one year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
JOHNSON VICTORY MAY BRING OTHER RADICAL SENATORS Moses Finds Administration Not As Popular As Had
 Been Hoped In West THIRD PARTY MOVEMENT MAY BE GENERAL RESULT G. 0. P. National Committee AIigns Itself With Die-
 Hards In Campaign
By RAYMOND CHAPTER Leased Wire To The Age-Herald.) WASHINGTON. July 2O.-Regular

WASHINGTON, July 20.-Regular party leaders are now admitting to themselves that the victory of Mag nus Johnson in Minnesota may be re- peated in number of other agri- cultural states next year.
 Senator Moses, chairman of the republican senatorial committee. went out to Minnesota to offer the support of the national administra- ton to Governor Preus, the repub- Ilcan candidate. But Moses has come back feeling that possibly the na- tional administration isn't as ptpu- lar among the middle western farm CTS as had been supposed At any rate, Governor Preus kept the out side republicans at arms length and repudiated the Fordney- -McCumber tariff, the keystone of the Harding administrations legislative program. Make Rapid Spread.
 Moses expects the farmer-labor now through %the whole wheat belt and several adjoining states. It will find fertile ground in Idaho, Iowa, Kansas Michigan, Nebraska, Okla homa, South Dakota, Montana and Wyoming. Senators arc to be elected in all of these states. All of these contested seats, except that of Walsh of Montana, are now held by demo- crats.
 The farmer-labor movement is nc respecter of parties. It is equally ready to go on its own, or usurp the discarded machinery of one or other old parties, depending upon which course seems more practical. In Minnesota the movement early sepa- rated into distinct third party. In the Dakotas, the farmers Of the non- partisan league worked through the republican party organization.
 o o O
 Party Lines Fade.
 North Dakota has two Non-Par- tisan league senators, Ladd and Fra zier but they are nominal repub- licans and are entitled to sit in the majority caucus of the Senate. In Montana, the farmer-laborites cap tured the democratic primaries last year and elected Burton K. Wheeler as nominal democrat. Everywhere party lines are fading cut in this way to the dismay of the national leaders.
 This situation is going to divide the old regular leaders before long. Some will try to push head-o against it. Signs of this division are already appearing. The National Re publican, the official organ of the re- publican national committee, has al ready aligned itself with the die hards. The way tG beat the insur- gents, it says, is not to join them but to fight them.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
GENERAL GOES TO SCHOOL

When the war ended Lieut.. Gen.
 Heine von Basedow of Dessau, 61 years old, found himself without d
 job or anything else to take up his time. So he commenced to study art and it's history. The other day the
 University of Halle made him a doctor of philosophy.
 General von Basdow is said to be only one of scores of former army or ficers who turned from the trenches of 1918 to the libraries and academic halls of republican Germany.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
FORMER S0LON WEDS

WASHINGTON, July 21.-Former Representative Thomas U. Sisson of Mississippi and Miss Cecil Brooks Norton, leader in civic and educa- tional affairs of Washington. were married here late today. The cere- mony was performed by Bishop Me Dcweli of Washington in the pres ence of a few intimate friends.
 MT. Sisson, who retired from Con- gress last March after serving 14 years in the House, gave his age as 5S. Miss Norton said she was 32.
 The couple will be at their home in Winona. Miss. after October l.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
REFORM BILL PASSES
Enactment Of Electoral Law foi-
 lowed Plea By Mussolinf

ROME, July t21.-(By Associated Press.)-The chamber of deputies to- night passed the electoral reform law, 223 votes to 123. It then ad- journed sine die.
 Debate on the electoral reform plil began in the chamber week ago Premier Mussolini making an lmpas : stoned speech in its defense against strong attacks by the opposltloh' Later he won a vote of confluence with a margin of 163 votes
 The bill changes the system under which the present chamber is chosen. By it's proportionate representation is abolished and the party receiving the most votes will be given two thirds or 365 of the seats in the cham Der. The effect is to make one con stituency out of the entire country instead of 55.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
WORK FOR BREAD"

Berlin seamstresses are the latest persons to desert the paper mark wage basis. Hereafter 1t will cost milady at least two loaves of bread at the reduced price it is sold to the poor for any plying of the needle
 whatever. Four loaves will pay for mendng piece of lingerie. Single jobs of tailoring or cleaning will be done for 'baker's half dozen loaves.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
PREY OF BooTLEGGERs
Gas Company Latest Victim ofsNe~

Art.
 SALT LAKE CITY, July 21.-(By Associated Press. 1.-The gas company is the latest victim of the bootleg gers art, according to officers of the sheriff's office here, who assert they Shave uncovered moonshine- making meter tappers. The officers state the manufac- turer of illicit liquor has no desire to avoid an honest" gas bill. but he fears an excessive use of gas will lead to suspicion and investigation. Consequently the last word in 1923 model bootleggery calls for device tLat forms an emergency pipe around the meter, giving the oper- ator unlimited gas for his operations without foot of gas being reg istered.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
OFFICERS INSTALLED

An interesting meeting of the pink chapter of the Eastern Star, No. 117 of Kinston, Ala, was held Saturday afternoon. Mrs. c. E. Baugher, as- sisted by Mrs. M. w. Howell. who acted as marshal, installed the of ficers for the ensuing year. Re- treatments were served during the social hour to 25 members and two visitors.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
CHILD DIES OF BURNS
Blood Poison Sets In After She Wa
 Recovering

MARION, Ala. July 21.-(Special) Mildred, the four-year- daugh- ter of MT. and Mrs. T. E. Cook, died yesterday from the effects of burns received six weeks ago. The child's clothing ignited from lamp and she was badly burned but seemed to be on the road to recovery until blood poisoning set in few days ago.
 Funeral services were held at the home conducted by Dr. Richard Hall of Judson college assisted by Dr. Mark Holt of the Methodist church. h. torment at the city cemetery.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
JUNIORS HOLD MEETING

Wednesday afternoon at the home of Mrs. Clarence Byrd. Miss Willie Kate Hughes read the scripture les son. The meeting was opened with a stng. "Tll Be a Sunbeam for Jesus" Mrs. Byrd read an interesting report on They Who Found America"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
MISSIONARY SOCIETY MEETS

Monday afternoon the regular monthly get together of the Method ist women's Missionary society met at the church. The Mary F. Speller circle had charge of the program for the afternoon with Mrs. c. E. Baugher as leader. The subject for this meeting was "A Pre-eminent Christ" Mrs. C. F. Baugher, Mrs. M. w. Howell, Mrs. Arthur Carter and Miss Lucille Stokes carried out this program. Mrs Baugher and Mrs. Howell sang Tn the Garden" Miss Lucille Stokes read a poem, "A Name" Reports from all the circles were read There were 25 members present. Refreshments were served.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
WIFE AND CHILD GUARD STILL

NASHVILLE, Tenn, July 21.-With his wife and baby standing guard over the still" A. J. Tidwell of Lin- ton, Tenn, near here, was steaming away on mountain dew whisky today when federal officers raided the still" Tidwell was arrested.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
NEW TRUSTEES FOR TEMPLE

Robert E. Bedding, Walter M Blackburn and Sam Solnick have been appointed trustees for the Ma sonic temple succeeding N. B. Mason pr. H. L, Brannon and Harry Gold blatt, whose terms expired.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22

Size of hosiery is determined by measuring from the tip of the toe to the back of the heel.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22

There are about 1,500 farms in Can ada given over to raising foxes and other fur animals.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22
REVIVAL WELL ATTENDED
Opp Merchants Close Places Of Busi
 nesa DurinR Morning Service

ness During Morning Service
 OPP, Ala. July 2l.-(Special Leased Wire. )--The revival which began at the local Baptist church July 12 is being well attended. Merchants are cooperating by closing their places of business for the morning service. enabling their employees to attend. Rev. L. l.. Hearne of Wylam Ala. is conducting the meeting. He is being assisted in the song service by R. B. Sims of Andalusia.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-22

cards in the American merchant marine.
 The Y. M. e. A. at Havre has helped out 8 number of men, but the appeals have become so numerous re- gently that the association has reached the limit of it's funds for such purposes.