davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
CO-OPERATIVES WILL
COMBINE ALL FORCES
Eleven Farmers Associations Set
Up Information Headquar-
terS at Ithaca, N. Y.

Eleven farmers cooperative asso-
Citations, organized Ia the New York
State Cooperative council, have set
up central headquarters at Ithaca,
N. z, where information concerning
all phases Of cooperative marketing
will be gathered with the purpose of
perfecting the cooperative distribu-
ton Of farm products in New York
and decreasing the spread between pro-
Queer and consumer. The informa-
ton collected by the council, which
will work closely with state and fed
eral agencies, will be made available
to farmers seeking help in setting up
cooperative associations.
H. e. Babcock, general manager Of
the Grange League Federation ex-
change, is chairman Of the council, and
e. ". Underwood, secretary of the New
York Farm Bureau federation, is sec
rotary.
''The cooperative type Of marketing
organization is still new, and even
those closely associated with the
movement are uniformed on some
phases of it, Mr.. Babcock, chairman
of the council, pointed out. "Some CO.
operatives have been set up with in
sufficient knowledge and no expert
ence as a background. Learning their
organizations weakness has been very
expensive. 1t is to eliminate so far
as possible these errors in the future
that the council has been set up.
The council represents farm bust
ness in New York state of nearly $780,
100000 year, having as its members
all the big farmers business co-opera-
tives in the state.
The president and manager of the
following organizations make up the
council: Cooperative Grange League
Federation exchange; Dairymen's
League Cooperative association, Inc;
Maple Producers Cooperative assoc
citation, Inc; New York Canning Crops
Cooperative association, Inc; New
York Cooperative Seed Potato asso-
citation, Inc; New York State Cooper
alive Poultry Certifcation association;
the New York State Guernsey Breed
ers' association. New York State Hol-
stein-Friesian association; New York
State Sheep Growers Cooperative as
ISOLATION, Inc; Empire State Potato
Growers Cooperative association,
Inc; Western New York Fruit Grow
ers Cooperative Packing association.
"A research committee composed of
Mr.. Babcock, K. G. Livermore, presi-
dent of the Empire State Potato Grow
ers' association, Rochester, and f. B.
Robertson, manager of the New York
State Sheep Growers association,
Syracuse, has been appointed to work
with the various member co-operatives,
the state college of agriculture, and
state and federal authorities in col
lecting information concerning organ
ization, merchandising, legal aspects
and the like.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
WEATHER EFFECTS ON CROPS
Studies Conducted by Department Of
Agriculture to Determine Infiu-
ence Of Yields.


Definite relations exist between
weather conditions and the yields of
various important crops. Studies have
been conducted by the weather bureau,
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, to determine the influence of the
weather on the yield of potatoes, corn,
oats and cotton. The effort has been
to shcw the kind of weather that has
the greatest influence In varying yield
of a crop, as well as the most criti-
cal period of growth. There is pos
sibility, many believe, that the yield
Of several important crops may be
predicted considerably before harvest
ing time from a knowledge Of ante
cedent weather conditions. The wealth
er must be taken into account up to
about the harvest date for oats, but
the probable yield for corn can be de-
termined by the end Of July and of
cotton at the end of June in the east
ern part Of the belt.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03

prepared by the United States Department
of Agrfculture.)
Reduction of the ravageS of the corn
earworm by at least one-half Is pos
sible If corn growers will take GER
tain precautions recommended by the
bureau Of entomology in Farmers
Bulletin 1910, 1.-THE Corn Earworm, !"
by w. J. Phillips and Kenneth M.
King, entomologists, just issued by
the United States Department of Ag-
riculture.
Annual Loss Is $40, 900.
A conservative estimate of the an
nual loss caused by the earworm is
$4O,OOO,OOO. Little cost or effort is in
volved in lessening this loss If each
grower OF corn will select a variety
well suited to his local conditions, but
having a long, tight husk, and II he
will plant this variety, in good soil,
SO as to have it In silk at the most
favorable time-when the moths of
the earworm are least abundant. The
information as to the habits and life
history Of the earworm given in the
bulletin served as a guide in choosing
the right time to plant.
Fall or winter blowing to destroy
the pupae in the soil is advantageous.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
FIGHT ANTHRACNOSE
BY ROTATING CROPS
Disease Attacks Muskmeions,
Cucumbers and WatermeIons.
All Parts Of plant Are Attacked and
Yield Greatly notwithstanding
May Prevent Outbreak Of
AiIment.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
II muskmelons become disfgured by
roundish, hght-gray spots which later
become sunken and marked by concen-
trio rings Of pink or black dots, the
field is infected with the destructive
anthracnose, a fungous disease that
also attacks cucumbers and Watermel-
ons, living from one year to- another
In the soil on plant refuse. 1t may oc-
cur In any region Of the United States,
but usually most damage is done where
warm weather Is accompanied by high
humidity. All parts Of the plant are
attacked by the fungus, which greatly
reduces the yield and may even de-
stroy whole fields. Affected melons
bring reduced prices and may even be
unstable They may look well when
picked, but develop the disease before
they reach the consumer unless they
are given special care and are hurried
to market.
According to Department Circular
PIT, Anthracnose of Muskmelons, by
George X. x. Link and r. G. Meier,
just published by the United States
Department Of Agriculture, crop rota-
ton is the best means Of controlling
anthracnose. Muskmelons should new
er be planted on a field that has grown
crop of anthracnose-dise cucum-
bers, muskmelons or watermelOns the
previous year. However, the severity
Of the disease may be reduced by plant
ing disease free seed, or by disinfec-
ton of seed, and by thoroughly spray
ing the vines with bordeaux mixture.
The seed may be disinfected by
soaking for five minutes in solution
Of mercuric Chord, one part to 1000
parts Of water, after which it should
be washed thoroughly in running wa
ter and dried. The bordeaux mixture
is made of four pounds of copper sui
phate, four pounds of stone lime, and
so gallons of water. Spraying may
prevent an outbreak of anthracnose or
check it if already started, but 1t must
be frequently and thoroughly done so
that both sides of the leaves are kept
covered with the spray mixture
A copy of the circular may be OBJ
tanned by addressing the Department
Of Agriculture, Washington, D. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
POUL TRY NOTES

The busy hen is the laying hen.
The less exercise market fowls get
the more quickly they will fatten.
When milk is used as the sole drink
for chickens no other animal protein
is necessary.
Most of the losses of baby chicks is
due to the fact that they are improp-
erly fed during the first few days.
Meat scraps and also tankage Will
help fill the egg basket. Add 10 per
cent of either to the grain ration.
Success or failure in the turkey busi-
ness depends largely on the selection
If breeding stock. Health and vigor
should be the first considerations.
A good layer may be described as
hen having a soft, red comb and
wattles. an intelligent head, good ca
nacity. plenty of vigor, carrying a
small amount of fat, soft pliable
skin and well faded color.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
RATION FOR YOUNG TURKEYS
Fowls Are Finicky About Food and
Refuse Anything Not Already
Familiar to Them.

Young turkeys are very particular
about their food and will not usually
touch any food that is not already
familiar to them. For this reason the
articles of food that they will need
as they grow older are supplied from
the first. Do not feed until the poults
are at least twenty-four hours old, and
then be careful not to overfeed.
A satisfactory first feed is small
amount of finely crunbled boiled egg,
shell included. This is given three to
six times day for week. After
the second day supply OF clean
water anG fine grit should always be
available. A sprinkle of fine chick
feed is given along with the crumbled
egg, since grain forms large part
of the ration, being fed three times
daily from the second to the sixth
week. This grain may be a good,
clean commercial chick feed or mix
ture Of fine cracked corn, cracked
wheat and oatmeal. In addition allow
the poults to range where they can
get plenty Of green feed and insects.
Their feeding place and quarters
should be as far from the hen yard
as possible as a precaution against
disease After the turkeys are
month or six weeks old, mixed whole
grains should be added to the chick
feed and may replace it as soon as the
turkeys are found to take the larger
grain. The mixture may consist OF
wheat, corn, or oats. Feeding twice
or even once day is usually sufnclent
from this time on.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03

Arsenical sprays or dusts applied to
the silks at the time when these are
attractive to the moths for laying their
eggs is advisable for market garden
ers growing sweet corn or where seed
or show corn is sufficiently valuable
to justify the cost Of treatment. Dust.
ing by hand, although slow and 1abori-
Gus, Is the best method of application.
Community effort in putting these con-
troll measures into practice would I'M
doubtedly reduce the percentage of In
festation
Enemy of Other Crops.
The corn earworm is also an i'm
portant enemy of several other crops
When feeding on cotton 1t is called
the ''bollworm." Under the name Of
tomato fruitworn' it is very destruc-
tive to early tomatoes Late broods
attack the buds and seed pods of to-
bacco. 1t can subsist on vetch, al
falfa, cowpeas, beans, okra, and a
great variety Of other plants, although
when corn in the milk stage is avail
able, this is its preferred food. Copies
Of the bulletin may be obtained by ap-
plying to the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Washington, d. G.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
CONCRETE FAILURES
DUE TO WATER LACK
Setting of Cement Is Not Under,
stood by Many People.
Many Failures Due to Extreme Evap,
Grating Powers of Hot Sun and
Dry Air-EssentiaI That Ma
teral Be Cured.

Some years ago considerable atten-
ton was attracted by toy which pro-
vided means by which a boy could
make his own building blocks out of
portland cement mortar, but for some
reason many of these blocks were not
a success. The reason was finally dis
covered. 1--WE, put the blocks on the
radiator to dry and as soon as they
were dry they crumbled all up
This serves to illustrate how far
most people fail to realize the def.
mite distinction between the hardening
of lime mortar and the setting Of port
land cement. The first is accom-
plished by dehydration or drying out.
The second takes place through crys-
utilization, requiring the presence Of
water until the process is complete.
The failure to understand this dis
tinction has been responsible for many
concrete failures. Sometimes the fault
is not the result Of ignorance Of the
action Of cement but Of failure to ap-
preciate the extreme evaporating
powers of hot sun and dry air. Con-
crete work in desert areas has given
considerable trouble from this abuse.
The water evaporates before the con-
crete is thoroughly cured with the re-
suit that much of 1t di5integrateS
while other portions are of extremely
low strength. It is Of no small inter-
est In this connection to note that 1t
has been found by experiment that the
application Of water to the concrete,
which is weak because of this cause,
nay be measurably strengthened by a.
subsequent period Of thorough satura-
ton, even though several years have
elapsed since the concrete was poured.
But this example is an extreme one.
The same faults have occurred to g
minor degree in humid climates. Con-
crete must be protected against evapo-
ration of the water of capitalization
until the process Of curing is thorough
ly completedt.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03

purposes given for creating the ma
tional sales agency.
The control of the agency is very
definitely fixed in the hands of the
members on the basis of one vote
per member, but on demand of one
third of the members all shall recast
their votes on the basis of an advisory
vote cast directly or by mail on the
basis of one vote for every ten or
major fraction of patrons or producer
members actually delivering milk to
the plants Of the member associations
on the first day Of the month Of June
Of each year; or If no record exists for
the first day of June as determined by
the board of directors of the central
agency. This rule shall apply to any
federation except where, by arrange
ment with its own locals, it may choose
to have the local associations do d.
rect voting on similar basis. The
member associations as such shall
elect directors and determine any mat
ter of policy on which they choose to
instruct the directors.
The executive control was vested in
the board of directors composed Of So
members and an executive committee
to be selected by the board of d.
rectors composed Of seven members
including the president, three vice
presidents and three other selected
members.
The directors shall be elected by dis
tricts on the basis Of the number of
patrons, each district to contain APP
proximately the same number of pa
irons as each other district; the ter
ritory to be redistricted from time to
time, without overlapping on states, If
avoidable.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
PLAN SALES AGENCY
FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS
Organization Being Built on Ideas
Submitted by Committee at
Milwaukee Conference.

The establishment of national CO
operative sales agency for dairy prod
ucts is under way. The organization
is being built on the plan submitted by
the committee of nine selected at the
Cooperative Dairy conference in Mil
waukee, Wis. e. B. Heaton, director
of dairy marketing for the American
Farm Bureau federation, is in charge
of the organization campaign.
The report of the committee of nine
was divided into three sections. In
the first section the purposes for the
establishment of the central agency
are clearly defined. The second sec
ton details the. method and form of
organization, while third has to do
with the organization campaign itself.
Standardization of products. crea-
tion of national brands, marketing of
products, increasing of consumption
of milk through advertising, and the
maintenance of publicity and statis-
ticaI departments were chief among the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
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l@lSa,1Y6/Y0~77
MATCHING GUINEAS is HARD
Young Fowls Are Tender at First and
Must Be Kept Out Of Wet
Varied Ration Best.

Young guineaS sometimes appear to
be deformed when first Matched, and
as a rule the apparent deformity is
simply the result of slow hatch.
When chicken hens or incubators are
used, it is an easy matter to give the
eggs proper attention Guineas resent
intrusion, especially while sitting.
This alone would be sufficient reason
for Matching with chicken hens, or
with incubators, although there is still
another reason not given. Guinea hens
If not controlled will drag the young
guineas around through the grass in
all kinds of weather, and the result can
easily be imagined. OF course, young
guineas need exercise, but they are
very tender at first and should be kept
out Of wet grass or rain. They are
far less apt to take gapes if kept
dry. It is the same with chicks and
turkeys.
During the first few days after
guineas are Matched they have to be
fed quite frequently. We feed little
every two hours. Dry bread, finely
crumbled with little chopped
greens" such as lettuce or onions,
will always give good results. A little
coarse sand is sprinkled over the feed
at first, but this is not necessary after
they have learned to eat grit when
ever required. However, sharp sand
and other grit should always be pro-
vided. Boiled eggs are not suitable
food for young guineas, as they are al
most sure to cause constipation. After
they are a few days old they will eat
oatmeal dry, or cornbread. A varied
ration is better than any one feed.
When they are few weeks old they
will eat cracked corn, whole wheat or
whatever chicks will eat. When they
are a month old they should not be
fed more than three or four times a
day, and If they have good range. a
very little feed each time will be sufi-.
cient. In fact, they could get along on
two feeds day, but we like ITO teach
them to come home for feed. They
are great foragers, and If there are
any grain fields near, they will make
regular trips to pick up what they can
find among the stubble. Guineas, both
old and young, are good bug-catchers
and they will not injure garden crops
as chickens are apt to do, because they
rarely scratch unless grain is thrown
among Iitter.--Po Poultry Tribune.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
TIMBER GROWING DRAWBACK
one Of the Greatest Handicaps Is De-
terrent Effect of Property Tax
Levied on Land.

One Of the greatest drawbacks upon
timber growing in the United States Is
the deterrent effect of the property
tax levied year after year upon land
bearing young trees, says the forest
service, United States Department of
Agriculture. What is needed Is sys-
tenn of taxing growing forests under
which the principal burden will fan
at the time Of harvesting the matured
crop but which is so adjusted as to be
equitable to other classes Of taxpayers
and to meet the needs for public
revenue.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
CRUDE OIL TO DESTROY RATS
Destructive Little Rodents VIII Leave
Vicinity if Petroleum Is
Placed in Runs.

There is a remedy for the rat
nuisance lone that is cheap and eff
fectual. If crude oil (petroleum) is
placed in the runs, the rats will leave
the vicinity. If they are caught in
their runs, so that they have to
breathe the fumes for an hour or
more, they will be poisoned. Meat
that contains petroleum can be used
as bait to catch this offensive rodent.
Experiments proved that rats which
ate meat treated with crude oil died
in 10 minutes.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
INCREASE IN AMOUNT
OF HONEY GATHERED
Many Persons Still Think Bees
Work for Nothing.
Beekeeping, to Be Profitable in Glover
Region, Must Be Conducted With
Great Skill--Good Attention
Necessary.
prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.l

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricuture.)
The keeping of bees is an ancient
branch of agriculture, yet modern bee
keeping is new thing. Many persons
still enormously think that bees work
for nothing and board themselves, and
that to keep bees he simply gets some
bees and allows them to roam where
they will, says the United States De-
parrment Of Agriculture The present
day beekeeper controls the develop
ment of the colony population so as to
have a. full force of gathering bees at
the right time, and then prevents a di-
vision Of this force by Swarming. By
these and other methods he greatly in
creases the amount of honey gathered.
The modern skilled beekeeper finds
bees far more productive than did his
predecessors because of his ability to
change conditions and adapt them to
the natural habits of the bees.
While not all parts OF, the clover re-
gion are equally good for beekeeping,
there are few places where it is not
ROSSlDlO W hCCp OCOo Will I(IOIL I'LL
der proper management, says the de-
partment Opportunities for beekeep-
ing in this region, however, are not
utilized as completely as in some other
parts Of the country. Vast areas of
the clover region are not adequately
covered by bees, and in many places
the methods of beekeeping practiced
fail 70 produce the best crops possible.
Bookkeeping to be profitable in the
clover region must be conducted with
great skill, and there are not suffi-
cient beekeepers with the right amount
of skill to cover this territory. A
drawback to the adequate develop
ment of the clover region lies in the
fact that there are thousands of per.
sons owning few colonies of bees
who give them little or no attention
and who get practically no honey, and
these bees serve to occupy territory,
while If they were in the hands Of
good beekeepers they might be adding
to the nations honey supply. The
spread of the brood diseases is serv-
ing to change this condition. for the
number of persons owning bees in the
clover region is decreasing.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
KEEP BARLEY FREE OF OATS
Unusual Sight to See Clean Field and
Condition Is Getting Serious
for Growers.

One who travels in the summertime
and observes the fields of small grain
cannot help seeing and being i'm
pressed by the large proportion Of
barley fields which contain a liberal
sprinkling Of oats. Indeed, it is rare
to see a good clean field of barley,
free from oats. This condition is get.
ting to be a serious one with our seed
growers, for customers want pure
seed, and we cannot afford to disap-
point them ever once.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
PRAISE FOR MISS ARNQUIST
Assistant State Agent of Iowa to Take
Team of Club Girls to France
This Summer.

''The Lady From America" is prob
ably what Miss Josephine Arnquist,
assistant state agent, in charge Of the
girls clubs in the state of Iowa, will
be called by the French people during
her visit to that country this coming
summer.
It was Miss Arnquist's team of club
girls, katherine Bolibaugh and Beulah
Rodgers Of Eddyville. Iowa. who were
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03

Americas champion canning girls at
the last international Boys and Girls
clubs exposition at Chicago. They will
tour France this summer to demon
strate domestic science projects in the
devastated regions, the trip being
awarded by the American Committee
for Devastated France. The Iowa team
will be accompanied by the Colorado
team which placed second.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
POULTRY MANURE is USEFUL
Excellent Fertilizer on Ground Where
Heavy Foliage Crops Are
to Be Grown.

Because manure taken from poultry
houses contains higher percentage
of nitrogen than horse manure, flock
owners and gardeners are finding it an
excellent fertilizer to use on ground
where heavy foliage crops are to be
grown.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
Delaware Elects.

The new officers of the Delaware
Farm Bureau federation are: Presi-
dent, John Ponder of Milton, and sec
rotary, Thos. N. Rawlins of Seaford.
Headquarters are in the Capital Hotel
building, Dover, Del.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
RAPE READY FOR PAsTURING
Six to Eight Weeks After SEEDING IL
Is Usually Strong Enough 10
Permit Feeding.

Rape is usually ready for pasturfng
in six or eight weeks after seeding
1t should be allowed to get well start
ed and to have made a growth of 10
or 70 inches. If not pastured too
closely. rape continues to grow until
freezing weather and thus provides a
continuous pasture during the sum.
mar
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-05-03
Mckerrow Re-elacted.

At the annual meeting of the Wis
consin Farm Bureau federation
George McKerrow of Pewaukee was
reelected president. George Hull of
Whitewater was elected vice presi-
dent.