davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-02-19
Changes in Stations of
Army and Nary Officers
Ut Interest to Capital
.frnIy.


First. Lieut.. Charles H. Day. 9Th
Field Artillery, at Fort Hoyle. Nd. and
First Lieut.. Paul G. Bell, 3rd Field
Artillery, at Fort Benjamin Harrison,
Ind, have been ordered to the Pan
anna Canal Zone for duty.
First Lieut.. Chester L. Sargent
field artillery. has been relieved from
duty as student at the French Cav
airy School. Saumur, France and as
signed to duty in the 1st Division,
Boston, Mass.
First Lieut.. Austin W. Martenstein,
air service, at Richmond, Va, has
been ordered to Mitchell Field, Long
Island, N. Y, for duty.
Maj. Innis F. Swift, cavalry. has
been assigned to the command Of the
service school detachment, colored at
Fort Leavenworth, Kan.
Warrant officer William Walke-
meyer and Staff Sergt William II.
Sanborn, Sth Infantry, Just returned
from Germany, have been assigned to
duty in the District of Washington,
this city.
Capt. Samuel Bryan, Supply Corps,
in charge Of the naval allotment Of
fice, Navy Department, has been re-
lieved from all duty and will proceed
TO his home.
Lieut.. Commander Allen S. Farqu-
har has been detailed to the receiving
ship a Philadelphia. .
Lieut.. Commander Percy w. North
croft, attached to the cruiser Tacoma,
has been assigned to duty in the 18th
Naval District.
Lieut.. Joseph H. Lawson, attached
TO the naval yacht Mayf1ower, has
been assigned to duty in the Office of
naval intelligence. Navy Department.
The President has accepted the
designations of Lieut. Ralph b. Net
ting. attached to the U. s. $. Curley,
and Lieut.. (J. CD Harvey Wilson. at
stached to the receiving ship at Hamp-
Is.
Ensign Llewellyn J. John, attached
to the receiving ship at Philadelphia.
has been assigned ITO duty in the Of
flee of naval communications, Navy
Department.
Evening star., 1923-02-19
$36,75O RAISED TO DATE
IN DRIVE FOR UNIVERSITY
Nine More Join Ranks Of Con-
tributors to Howard Hedi-
cal School.

The colored people Of Washington
have subscribed sse.75o to date in
the campaign Of the endowment Of
the School Of. Medicine OF Howard
according to announce
ment Just made.
Nine moro contributors Joined the
thirteen announced by the university
last week. These additional nine
contributors also have pledged $1,000
each, and have paid at least one
fourth OF that amount to meet the
conditional gift Of 325o.ooo made by
the general education board of New
York city, 1t was announced.
The additional nine contributors
are Drs. ]. Hayden johnson, Thomas
Martin. M. L. It. Grant, Peter w.
Price. Robert B. Tyler. r. W. Whitby,
Charles H. Marshall. John w. Mitchell
and the Medico- o-Chirurgical Society,
all of Washington.
Evening star., 1923-02-19
WILL OF. GEN. PRATT FILED.

Tho will of Brig. Gen. Sedgwick
Pratt, United States Army, dated May
8. 1913. has been filed for probate.
He leaves his entire estate 10 his
daughter. Martha p. Donnellan. and
X Donnellan. No provision is made
for his son, Maj. John s. Pratt. United
States Army, because he Is amply
provided. the testator states. The
daughter also Is named as executrix.
Evening star., 1923-02-19
F1NANC1ER DIES SUDDENLY

AUGUSTA, Ga, February 49,
George III. Watson of New York, a
member of the stock exchange, died
suddenly here yesterday. He was a
guest at the Bon Air Vanderbilt. He
was striken with heart failure while
out horseback riding with a party of
friends
Evening star., 1923-02-19
DIES FROM BURNS.
Guest in Atlanta Hotel Victim of
Lighted Cigarette Fire.

G. Caldwell of Troy, N. Y. is dead
here of burns received when his bed
ut the Bon Air Vanderbilt Hotel
caught fire from lighted cigarette.
'rhe fire was discovered shortly after
l o'clock yesterday morning. Cald-
we'll died several hours later.
Evening star., 1923-02-19

About $50 years ago children in
England were sent to school with
pipes in their satchels. and the
:.cl,ooluiastcr called halt in their
Lessons while they all smoked.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
CALIFORNIANS
CAN'T RESIST
VALLEY CLINE

Even the residents of California are
beginning a. recognize that they have
a rival IN the Rio Grande Valley. but
there are few ~ them who will admit
il. However. there are some den:zsn> of
that state whose consriences have not
been warped hv the hot California sun.
a. The following letter received this week
~ ihc Brownsville Board of City he
velorncrt from n resident If Santa
tiuz. california. will testify:
Il am in receipt of the little booklet
Won mailed me. which j. very interesting
and has given me n lot of information.
II seems a. me things in general are
much alive la that section. which u more
than | can say of some parts of this
state.
Il have spent many years on this
coast. all Of which ! am familiar with.
and can not find III the Golden State
Just what want. IN fact u il a very
much over-ratrd country. and a. soon
a. | can unload here I want IL see your
country. ! ain not a stranger in Texas.
as | spent five years there before com
ing to the coast. and wish had remained
there
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
SmMggleys' Organizations
to Bring Aliens in to u. S.
Extend to Central Europe

There i ring Of smugglerS operai I
ing ia Mexico who are organized to yio-
late the immigration laws designed ~
keep undesirable aliens ous "f.thi~ c"un-
try said Immigration Chief -. W.
Brewster yesterday. There arr th"ns-
amdS Of these aliens in Mexico who are
denied admittanrc 10 the United States.
and il has been definitely established
that there are smuggling organizations
aud rings in Mexico which have repre-
seuta;ives III Europe.
Probably ~ per cent of the aliens
coming TO Mexico. come with the intcn-
tion of entering the nited States. They
are told az the European ports and even
IN the interior If Europe IN agents Of
these smuggling organizations. Just what
to do and who 10 GO a. when they reach
Mexico. When they reach Vera cruz
they see smuggling agent and are taken
to Mexico city From there they 80
10 some northern city such a. Monterrey.
and are then distributed along the border
opposite Brownsville. Eagle Pass and
Laredo.
AT tLe Rio Crande these aliens get
in touch with the party at the border who
il 10 Smn-glc them over tine river. and
this same person. who il Il border SNUG
sI.r. and about whom the European
has been told even before hr left Europe.
takes the alien Ia some >eclmded place
and ferries him across the river. Ii the
alien happens to have enough money
the smuggling organization will still I'll
rect him after Ae reaches this side, mem
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
TRUCK SHIPPING
RECORD OF WEEK
BROKEN SATURDAY

HARLlN''EN. Texas. March .l.-Thr
largest single days shipments a. M the
total minbe- ~ ears ShipDeA WAS loafirh
ont for Saturday shipping. An increase
of six ears over TIE Friday shipments
was noted. there being tweusy-four ears
which left the Valley saturday n against
eighteen ears Friday. Mercedes shipped
ten Of the twenty four ears. I-etS ami
carrots seemed 10 ~ tile strongest III
demand. AZ there were ten ears out of the
total loaded with these two vegetables.
Shipments were made as follows: iIar
linsen. Comics. Mission. In Feria ana
la ralnma each shipped one ear ~ cab
hagc: Donna shipped twn ears cabbage
Donna and Wr~Iaco Shipped two ears
of heeis and carrots: Mercedes shipped
seven ears of beets and carrots. one ear
of tsgrots and two ears -of mixed vcse-
tables: san Reniio shipped one car of
mixed vegetables and brownsville ship
ped one ear ~ cabbage and two ears uf
onions
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
SPECIAL SESSION !.
MAY Be CONVENED
ABOUT MAY FIRST

AUSTIN, Texas. March Ex-Governor
Neff will call the state legislature into
special session about May I. in the opin-
ION OF Lee Satterwhite. of Panhandle,
prominent member Of the legislature
Satterwhite ~ remaining IN Austin dur
ing the recess between the regular and
special sessions.
"It is my opinion that the governor
will call the special session about May
IT, Saaterwhite said today. unless the
chief executive changes his present
plans"
Satterwhitc has been In close touch
with the governor both duriaE and since
the regular session adjourned Speaking
Of the special session. the Panhandle
representative said: H
-The special session should have
little difficulty IN disposing OK revenue
measures before il in view Of the fact
that considerable consideration was
given to such measures during the reg.
uIar session. these measures should b
taken up and disposed Of IN short
time
Sa.serwhitc also expressed the opin-
ion that second special may be neccs-
sary IL revenue measures are not enact
ed to bring sufficient revenue to the
state to meet appropriations Of the next
two years.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
"Shorts'' Must
Secure Stock
Monday Noon

NEW YORK. March 24.-The extent of
short interests in Class "A" common
stock Of Piggly Wigrly stores il various
II estimated AZ from seven thousand TO
twenty-five thousand shares II will re-
main mystery until Monday when de-
livery must be made under the New
York stock exchange ruling.
IN spite Of the statement Of Clarence
Saunders. president of the Piggly Wigg-
IL corporation IN Memphis. Tenn. tina,
settlement has been made with him on
only 40 shares il was generally felt
among brokers that practically all OF
those who were caught "short" whca
trading was suspended Thursday are
how IN possession of stock and will de-
liver IL Monday.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
PROBLEMS OF
AGRICULTURE
INVESTIGATED
(By The Associated Press,

WASHINGTON. H. G.. March - -
The Investigation into agriculture cxgort
problems Il proceeding along TWO lines
mapped ont today ~ special commission
called by Secretary Hoover ~ a~SiS; i'll
directing inquiry authorized ~ the last
congress.
The commission will first seek to build
M a complete statistical record "f i'm
porI AMI export trade of the United
States IN agriculture products. il was
announced. Thereafter il will conduit
comparative study in expert marketing
projects now in force in this .onmtry.
and those of other food exporting. As
fast a. Information l. assembled il will
he placed ia the hands of the committee
for study.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
WESLACO PRODUCES
FIRST WATERMELON
FOR 1923 SEASON

WESLACO. Texas. March 2i.-The
first 1928 watermelon has been ripen-
ed. picked and eaten. Will Deficit. a
We-laco gardener. can claim the dis
tinct:on Of having raised it. The
melon was of fair size. and wa per-
fcctis rire. and IL il IL sample Of
the meicn~ the Valley will marke;
this year: thosc who were present
when the melon was sliced will tes-
tif, that the flavor Of the 1923 crop
will make the Valley famous.
Mr. Detief H. an enthusiastic gar
dener. who makes a speciality Of
getting there first" and almost in
variahly produces the first vegci abIes
of the season lie has established the
record for the 1923 season. his first
meinn being ripe at the time the
seeds are being planted for the ia
nous Georgia melons.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
10Th ANNUAL
CONCLAVE TO
BEBIC EVENT
Knight Templar, From All
Parts Of Texas to Attend
State Meet at Dallas April
rs

DALLAS. Texas. March 24-The roth
annual Texas Conclave of the Grand
Lodge of Knights Templar. TO be held
here April 2-5. j. expected to be one OF
the most interesting IN the history of
grand lodge conventions. Grand Com
mander Newly. national commander or
the lodge has announced he will give
two public addresses on the Passion
Play. the Holy Land or some other lee
lures he has delivered in this country.
Many prominent visitors will attend
the sessions. Among those expected are
Col Hoisington, OF Newton. Kan. ma
tional chairman Of the committee on
temple instructions. and Right Eminent
Sir Jennings. Of Chicago.
All formal sessions Of the command
cry will be held at the Scottish Rite
Cathedral and instructions have been Is
sued TO visiting Sir Knights that imme-
diately upon arriving In Dallas to regi-
ter at the cathedral. Full regalia will be
worn at all formal receptions.
Reservations are being made BY COM
manderies throughout the state Indicate
that the attendance this year will he at
least third larger than AZ any previous
annual conclave. local committeeman re-
port.
Music at the 1921 conclave will be
feature. II. B- Criswell and w. G.. Rice
declare. The program calls for several
orchcstras and organ recitals and con-
ccrts in which eight bands will particle
pate.
The plans in part include: first day.
parade in which more than 5000 knights
expected 10 take part: divine services
10 be held nj First Baptist church; af-
tcrncon. barbecue at Fair park followed
by battalion drill and competitive man
euvers.
Second day: ladies be entertained with
automobile tour Of the city and tea
served at Oak Cliff Masonic lodge: for
nal reception in grand ball room at
Scottish Rite cathedral iE honor Of ma
tional commander.
The final and third day: entertain-
ment for visiting ladies in ball room
local hotel. Formal reception for cutgo-
ing and incoming grand encampment Of
ficcrs.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
Bombs Found in Front
of New York Methodist
ChurchDuring Rush Hour

NEW YORK. y. u. March -. - Two
bombs We're found to-day in front of the
Union Methodist church. hall n block
from broadway. ~ the heart ~ the the
arrisal district. The huTmb~ were found
"a the height ~ rh- post matinee rush.
when the street Ia front a the church
was janmrd from curb 10 curb with
pedestrians and taxi-cahS.
Pairoimen lei the Investigators 10 n
laboratory in West Forty Eighth street.
former home NJ an aged inventor who
,li-d recently.
Detectives announced they were Snt !
i>fied that the presence of the bombs
before the church was accidental: and
that the explosives had unint-ntially been
placed with the Inventors household
goods and lost from ne movers van.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
COMMUNISTS
BLAM Ed FOR
RUHR TROUBLE

ESSEN. March ~ Bands .f un-
empl"y.d men wearing green shirts have
been terr"rizing the country at night in
the I."tthanS-n district. near Essen The
French are sending additional troops 10
this region ~ end the trouble
German officials say that most of
these men are communists led by the
Russians. AZ least eleven Germans have
heen wounded in consequence of the
green band activities according 10 Ger
man officials.
BERLIN. March 2i--An order has
been issued by the ministry Of railroads
forbidding railway men in occupied
areas to obey or cooperate with the
French and Belgian administration.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
PROMINENT CLUBMAN
CONNECTED WITH THE
KEENAN, MURDER CASE

NEW YORK, March 2i.-A~sis.ani
District Attorney Pecora, who for nine
days has preserved the ircosr.to OF
mysterious "Mr MARSHALL or the Doro-
thy Keenan, murder case. today aamit-
ted that "Mr. MARSHALL" was John Star
w Mitchell. Philadelphia capitalist and
clubman and Son-in-law of +. + Soes-
bury Of the J. y. Morgan cnr.panv-
Mitchell was questioned t.'slav - 10
whether hc had any knowledge of \
hlackmaii plot watch Pcs9ra believes
existed. but in which Miss keenan, re-
fused 10 join. Pecora said ne was tr. inn.
to shield the identity Of Marshall for
the sake or his family.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
SARAH BERNHARDT'S
CONDITION SERIOUS

PARIS. March -. Madame Sarah
l:rrnhardf j. critically III. perhaps diving.
Iravcly this remarkable woman who be-
longs To the world as well n France. ~
fighting against the ravages of disease.
hut her weakened constitution makes the
odds against her. physicians said tonight.
PARIS, March 2l.--The entire house
had been given over TO preparations for
various scenes in films. and tonight
Sarah Bernhardt lies gazing upon the
stage drama in which she took part Her
friends cried a. they left her bedside.
All physicians are amazed at the pm
thence and endurance Of the great ac-
tress. and one remarked that he would
not be surprised If she again survived
the crisis.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
CRIMINAL COURT
CONVENES MONDAY

The special term Of the criminal dis
trict court will convene Monday morn
ing with Judge A. WI Cunningham pre-
siding. The first week viii be devoted TO
Investigations BY the grand jury. and
the trial of eases will not commence un-
til Monday. April ,. when the case of
the state vs.. the Mercadc brothers
charged with the murder Of Guillermo
Sayas. will he called for trial.
There are thirty-thrce cases on the
docket. including three murder eases
and several liquor eases. Judge Cunning
ham announced at the adjournment of
the regular term that a special effort
would he made 70 clear the docket dur
ing the special term.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25

tcrS "a the organization Or ring taking
him 10 the interior of the country. where
aliens are practically safe.
SmuYgIers Rob Aliens.
"SmussierS do not pay much attention
to the class OF people they bring in. hut
just want the moacy. Many aliens are
virtimizrd hy the smuggirrS. robbed of
all their money. and virtually kr ked
arroSS the Rio ,;randr. These aliens
are ailno~, invariaIl, nf class not only
restricted by technical or quota require
menis hut are often diseased or are of
the immoral aud criminal classes.
At brownsville alnnr.- AIR Brewster
said. ~the immigration service IL dctain-
ine one tzechu Slav. eight A~Syrians.
two Bul.arians. one EngliShmaH twn
Germans. one Scandinavian. four Turks
and two Portuguese. OF this number
three have u chronic vencreal disease.
and two have "A chronic. contagious vi
SenSe of the cyc~ With few exrrp-
tiunS they are ~ the most undesirabIr
type imaginable. not only from the view
poin; Of their own personal ambitions
and desires. but from the viewpoint oi
social characteristics and inheritance that
operate 80 render them utterly incapable
~ assimilation Of the American rrin-
siIles aud ideals
Do Not Want Real Work.
~Wita two or three exceptions their
declared purpose in coming to. this cotn-
try is 10 engage in peddIing an, occu-
patton that i already oscrworked. and
Continued Oh Page SKI
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
OFFERS REWARD FOR
CAPTURE OF INDIAN
LEADER OF WARRIORS

SALT LIKE CITY. Utah. March a.
Acting governor Crockett Of Utah today
offered reward Of 500 for the cap
turc % Chief Old Posey. rcputed leader
Of the Allen canyon band of renegade
Piutes in southeastern Utah.
Chief Old Posey is said TO have been
wounded in Thursdays clash with pos
semen and il reported To have led the
band into the dry walls section.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
DANGER OF FLOOD AT.
SIOUX CITY PASSED
WHEN ICE JAM BREAKS


SIOUX CITY. Iowa, Marsh 24Ai flood danger unless
made tonight by r. j. Anderson.
CT Woodbury.
in he lower the side of
occurred reported The
rapidly.
which
by Immediate of the which had backed
flooding the lolands in
to The
gorge
relieving he ION at thatp
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
SIX ALLEGED ALIENS
CAPTURED SATURDAY

One Greek. two Assyrians and three
Mcxicars were brought TO Brownsville
Yesterday hy Mounted Guards Roy Har-
rell and John II. Peavy from Falfurrias.
and will be held here pending investi-
cation.
The six men are alleged 10 be aliens
who entered the United States in viola
tion of immigration laws.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
CLAIMS MRS. BUZZIE
CONFESSED KILLING

NEW YORK. March 2s--William Turo,
brother-in-law Of Mrs. Anna Buzzie. who
was held On charge Of homicide in con
ncction with the slayirE Of Fredcrick
Schneider. wealthy Bronx contractor
today told District Attorney Glennon.
Mrs. Buzzic had confessed the Staying
to him.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
REQUIRE BILL OF
PARTICULARS FOR
lNNES FRAUD CASE

ANITA. Ga.. March - Coy
ernmcnt prosecution officials are required
10 furnish attorneys for Victor Times
with bill cf particulars setting forth
specifically the facts that they expect
Ia prove when he comes up for trial of
charge OF using the mail 70 deframd nm
der an order issued to-day w United
states Judge Sibley-
Innes and his wife were jointly ar-
euSed Of the murder of the Neims sisters
some years ag" in Texas. Because 81
The inability Of the prosecution TO pro
.ure the bodies Of the girls. the case
was dismissed
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
36TH DIVISION
PLANS REUNION
IS ANNOUNCEMENT

HOUSTON. Texas. March 2i.-Pre-
liminary plans for the reunion OF the
Thirty-sixth division are being made. ac-
cording 10 W. u. jackson Of HiIlSboro
president Of the Thirty-sixth division
association.
A meeting of the men who served in
the division living near Houston has
been called for April Fl. and Jackson
stated he would attend the meeting. II
Is hoped that definite plans for the en-.
tire division reunion will be made.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
PHOTOGRAPH OF SPIRITS
SECURED ALTOS ANGELES
SHOWS FACES DISTINCTLY

4
LOS ANGELES. Calf. March -.
Photographic prints from the
plate made yesterday at the funeral
Of Mrs. Mary Mcvicier. associate
pastor Of the Central Spiritual
church showed three distinct ovais
resembling human faces. according
to &. A. Monroe. who made the
prints.
Before her death Mrs. Mcvicker
requested that n photographer be at
her funeral to take a picture Of her
casket. stating that she would cause
her spirit to form a record Of itself
on the camera plate The faces were
cf Mrs. McVicker. her dead husband
and friend.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25

tOf.TMEi'S. Texas. Marcl, II
March - has heen designated A. kite day
for Columbus boyS. a local new w~.apsr
haS arranged the event Each hoy l.
permitted - enter rs many kites ~ BE-
chooses Prizes will be- given to the
winners. \ similar event was conducte eel
last year and proved to be highly sue
ccS~fnl among the boys of the rwon.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
SIGNED GASOLINE BILL

AUSTIN, Texas. March Il. t;c,ernot
Ncff today signed the medical practice
net imposing more stringent r.gulI
tions on those practicing medicine. The
governor also signed the Cowen bill
placing one cent tax per. gallon on
gasoline.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
OFFER SOLUTION
OF IT, S. MERCHANT
MARINE PROBLEM

SAINT AUGUSTINE. Fla. March "a
Two alternative solutions for the ma
tion's merchant marine problem. one
providing for governmental operation
and control o. the governments ocean
shipping. the other looking toward dis
posal Of government tonnage TO private
interests, will b. laid before President
Harding Chairman Laskcr. who il a
member Of the presidents shipping par
~, announced tonight.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
Use AIRPLANES
In SMUGGLING
ALIENS ACROSS
fPv The Associated Press,

fHv the ASSociatef frcs-.'
FL. PASO. Texas. March 2f.-Smug-
Cling aliens into the. United States
has become serious problem TO the
Immigration authorities. according to
Robert White. second as distant sec
rctary cf labor. who arrived here to-
day. Chinese are especially being
smuggIcd in airpIancs from Mexico TO
the United States. White said.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-03-25
OCCUPATION OF
RHINELAND WAS
VERY EXPENSIVE

Berlin. March -. The allied oc-
c,ipari"n of The RhneIand for the past
fonr years has cost Germany four hiili"n
five hundred million gold marks accord
Ing ~ statement a. the reirhSfag today
hy Minister ~ m. Treasury Albert.
arsrirvinr forrr~ IN the Rhinrland were
more than one hundred per cent greater
than the number of troops which Ger
many garrisoned in this area before the
war. the minister said.