davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-05-27
Baldwin Is Facing Critical Task
In Restoring British Influence

permitted to continue indefinitely and
German people continue to suffer
while practicing their policy of in
dustrial sabotage and passive resist
ance, the trend will be toward a gen.
eral communist upheaval which will
tend to further retard general Euro
pean progress.
1t is stated by some authorities that
France desires to see Germany fur
ther retarded by communist outbreaks
and possible complete red control of
the Berlin government, which in turn
would give them adequate excuse of
spreading their net further into Ger
many and permitting them to pursue
their courses in the Rhineland and
the Ruhr. France thus would ignore
the danger of having q next-door
neighbor who is communist How
ever, Britain does not rest easy on
this score, and it is believed that
if the situation grows desperate in
Germany. England, to prevent further
chaos, will act expeditiously and make
demands upon France designed to end
the reparations tangle.
France may advise Baldwin to con-
fine his attentions closer home, but
again there enters the question as
to Just how much farther France can
continue to f1out English view with
out bringing serious financial and eco
nomic-reactions Qgainst-hela
Evening star., 1923-05-27
BY Nj. III. MCINTYRE.

Oficial cognizance has been taken
by the Navy Department of the con-
troversy that Is fast heading up over
the airplane and it's relative impor-
tance, present and future, in the con-
tinuance and development of Amer
ica's sea power.
In and out of the service a school
of thought is developing that the air.
plane is the all-essential weapon and
has rendered the battleship obsolete.
While there are few such "extrem-
lists" in the active service, there are
exponents on the outside whose views
are widely heralded and for obvious
reasons their doctrine appeals to the
ments fire the public imagination
and the economy arguments appeal
strongly to the taxpayers.
Investigates Merits.
Realizing this, the Navy Depart
ment has taken definite action to
determine the real merits of the con-
troversy and to adapt the naval
policy to changed conditions of naval
warfare.
The general board has just COM
pleted an exhaustive investigation of
all of the elements of present-day sea
power as affected by the develop
ment of the airplane, submarine and
other modern weapons OF warfare at
sea.
For weeks past the board has been
studying the intricate problems in
volved in all their different phases.
Officers and experts representing
every branch Of the service have been
int
made to get the varying shades OF
opinion in the service from the few
"bitter-enders" who cling unchanged
to the old school Of thought, to the
few extremists who hold the airplane
az the all-powerful weapon.
While no official report has been
made public, individual members and
responsible heads of the Navv hold
that in spite OF the great strides
pened to warrant the conclusion that
IL is rendering the surface craft
obsolete or that the battleship has
or will be superseded as the back
bone" of sea power.
VIII Make Recommendation.
AS direct result of this study. the
boards report win embody recommen-
dations that Congress provide for new
ten-thousand-ton cruisers, the maximum
figure now being twenty. mine-laying
type being needed, half Of which should
be provided for at the next session, and
six gunboats.
Secretary DENLY reiterates his fixed
belief that the battleship Is still the
backbone of the fleet. Assistant Secre-
tary Roosevelt declares that ANY course
of action which would eliminate the bat
tleship would be a national disaster"
while Admiral Robert e. Coontz, chief
of operations; Rear Admiral w. L. Rod
gers, head of the general board; Rear
Admiral William A. Moffett, chief of
the bureau of aeronautics, and practical
ly all ranking officers in the department
are outspoken in their opposition to the
exaggerated claims that have of late
been SO widely disseminated.
Summed UP, the opinion of naval Lead
ers is that the development of aviation
as vital branch of the service cannot
be pushed too strongly, but at the same
time the surface fleet must be rounded
out to the 5-5-3 ratio provided for by
the naval treas3
This isIin line with the attitude taken
Evening star., 1923-05-27

ftal ships. Yet in the world war. the
battle that decided the mastery of the
seas was fought by battleships.
With the development Of the sub
who saw in it the doom of the capital
ship. There was a time in the Army
when many believed that the newly
developed machine gun would elimi-
nate infantry as the prime factor in
warfare, but again the world war
showed that the infantry was the
basic factor in victory.
Like Infantry in Array.
"The battleship in the Navy corre-
spends to the infantry in the Army.
There is an old saying, variously at
tributed to Napoleon and other great
leaders. which says. in effect. The
infantry is the Army. When the in
fantry is defeated, the Army is de-
torious, the Army is victories. All
other branches are but auxiliary
arms. Substitute 'battleship' for in
fantry' and fleet for army and the
same holds true.
I'VE must ceaselessly reach for new
ideas and improvements along every
line. II we do not, our Navy will
fossilize. We must bend every ef-
fort to the development of the air
service. But we must not be carried
away ny uIcdQSt W0 IuuSL I1OI his
take fancy for fact. The battleship
remains at present the backbone of
forces afioat. The fleet will be help
less without its auxiliary arms. but
1t Is the guns of the great ships that
will hammer out victory when the
fate of the nation hangs in the bal
ance."
The following Is concensus state
ment Of aviation experts as well as
ranking line officers:
1t is a favorite statement OF those
who see in military aeronatics a
means for cheap effective warfare
that a $4,000 airplane can sink a
battleship This statement usually
carries with 1t the implications that
battleships and other ships of the
Navy should be replaced by aircraft
and that this would be an economical
procedure.
The economy argument Is usually
advanced is not soundly predicated.
.TEvs.. .ths QTiEtpaEcast QS An aiIplans
Evening star., 1923-05-27

by the other great naval powers, both
England and Japan being now engaged
in Strengthening their surface fighting
forces strictly within the limits of the
treaty.
View of Mr. Roosevelt.
voicing the consensus of service
opinion on the airplane-surface craft
controversy, Assistant Secretary
Roosevelt, after a careful digest of
the facts brought out at the boards
"The real problem in this or any
naval development is getting proper
sense of proportions. There are, as
always, two schools Of thought. The
one clings tenaciously to old ideas, re-
sisting all changes from the old or
der. The other, and equally damag-
ing in its effects, is always search
ing after the new, simply because 1t
is new, and would overturn the prov
ed theories of the years In favor OF
some chimerical design incapable of
justification. Either group, IL given
free rein. would ruin the service.
"a proper development or the Navy
of the two. We mNst hold to the
tried until the untried is proven.
"At present a controversy Is grow
ing up about the airplane. One group
tends to discount its value. This. of
course, is wrong. The airplane is a
great and necessary development and
will have far-reaching effects in mill
tary science. 1t must be developed,
carefully developed, and the depart
ment is bending every effort to this
end.
who hold that the airplane Is the all
important naval weapon and that 1t
has rendered the battleship obsolete.
This doctrine Is the more dangerous
for at this time 1t makes q really
popular appeal. 1t strikes the imag-
ination, for the air service Is ro-
mantle, and 1t can be argued on the
basis of economy.
"Any course Of action that would
eliminate the battleship would be a
national disaster. Parallels In his
tory are numerous. Only about a
quarter of a century ago the discov-
ery of the Whitehead torpedo gave
rise to the same talk to such an
extent, in fact. that France for the
time abandoped the building OF can
Evening star., 1923-05-27

Continued from First Page)
and Tardieu, which declares that
Frances military position is such that
England need not be consulted at all
in the future, and that to pursue
any policy save that of forcing Brit
ish compliance to French purposes
would be suicidal to frances quickly
won prestige.
1t Is believed that Baldwin will
not be premier long until the British
again initiate an aggressive move
ment looking toward a settlement
of the vexatious reparations prob
lens through Berlin. 1t is expected
that Baldwin's indirect recommended
tions will have far-reaching effect
in the business world, and that should
he suggest any reparations plan de-
signed to give Germany a chance to
nay a fair sum in reparations, the
European back fire will be such as
to sway France from her present pur-
poses, IL she is to be swayed at all
outside OF sheer force.
May Hasten Action.
Undoubtedly the present chaotic
condition in Germany will tend to
hasten England's action in regard to
the general adjustment of pending
Qxeblsms.. IL present. disorders ara
Evening star., 1923-05-27
''Battleship Strongest Element
of Defense
BY EDWIN DENNY.
Secretary Of the Navy.

of
with
but the battleshp still element
of
premise the conclusion
in
still the ions
Evening star., 1923-01-07

Charles S. Whitman, former gov
ernor of New York, takes his family
sleigh riding at Lake Placid, the St.
Moritz of America"
or \ TIri,>.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT
Serial e4S5S

Serial e4S5S
 Department of the Interior United States Land Office, Juneau, Alaska, January s, 1923.
 Notice is hereby given, that J. IT. Costello, Trustee, of Independence, Kansas has applied for an oil and gas permit under section g, of the Act of February 25, 1920, for the following described land:
 Porcupine Nos. 5 s, and g.
 Portage Bay Nos. l, 5. 4, 13, and If. Described as an area commenc- ing at Corner No. l, thence S. AS deg. 30 min. E., 5280 it., thence S. Il deg 30 min. w., 5280 it., thence N. 4S deg. 30 min. W. 5280 it., thence $. Il deg. 50 min. ". 1920 it.. thence s. 4S deg. 30 min. w. 52s0 ft., thence s. Il deg. 3s min w.. 264O it.. thence N. 4S deg. 30 min. w. 1920 it., thence N. Il deg. 30 min E., 52S0 it., thence s. 48 deg 30 min. E., 2640 it., thence N. Il deg. 30 min. E., 396O it., to place of beginning. embracing 12s0 acres. Situated in Kodiak Recording District, Alaska, and one half mile northeast of the northeast shore of Portage Bay on the Alaska Penin- suia.
 Any and all persons having adverse pr conflicting claims to said land are hereby notified that full statement under oath, of such claim. should be filed in this office, showing superior right to a permit or lease under said act, or valid existing adverse or con- flicting claim to the land, or the min erals therein under the public land laws, on or before March 5, 1923; oth- erwise, such claim may be disregarded in granting the permit or lease applied for.
 FRANK A. BOYLE, Register Publish Jan 13, 20, 27, Feb. 3, 10, IT, A March 8, 1923.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03

stand solid. The members from the 4th will seek to give all possible aid to the delegate to congress and also CO operate with the Secretary of Interior and the Alaska Engineering Commis- sion in trying to secure an adjustment of freight rates, insofar as they apply to our division"
 Rep. E. NJ. Keys-"1 have formed no definite program. this being my first political venture. There is plenty of time in which to consider legislation after have arrived at the capital. Those interests of the Third and the Fourth divisions which are coordinate will receive my support as will all measures pertaining to the benefit Of the Territory. believe that the com ing sessions should be for harmoni- ous and united action for the better ment of conditions. The First Division is too isolated from the Fourth to have any close relations but I will support those measures which are not detri- mental to the interests of other divis- ions. Alaska is entitled to receive more recognition at the hands of the government as it is a rich possession and has given its wealth for the good of all. It should be appreciated and recognized. Educational matters, and good roads are one of my hobbies, as also is mining, and to these ends will my support be thrown. Roads mean development and it is development we are after. am by no means polite ian but will give my sincere efforts to the betterment of the north. I strong ly favor an increase of pensions for the oldtimers feel equally interested in both sexes on the pension matter
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
DR|LL|NG OPERATIONS
 STOPPED BY BREAKAgE

Arrivals from Kanatak this morn ing report that drilling operations by the Associated Oil company Were haN- ed through a breakage of machinery, which will be replaced on the arrival of the Starr this next trip.
 The Associated company is said to have attained a depth of 196 feet at the time the break occurred, hard rock being encountered at that depth. The presence of gas was noted with no in dications of oil, although an optimis- tic tendency was noted among the drilling crew. The Standard Oil com pany is expected to commence drilling on their claims most any day, enough material being assembled to permit the start.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
LEGISLATORS HERE QN WAY ID SESSION
 AT JUNEAU

With the sixth biennial legislative Term approaching members of the leg Sslature are commencing to trek to- ward the capital city, passing through the Gateway city on their way south. Of late number have already depart ed for the scene of their future iabors. with number still to go.
 Those who recently arrived from the interior and who are at present in Seward are as follows: Senate: Chas. W. Brown, Second Division; Senator NJ D. Snodgrass, Fourth Division Representative Johr A. Wilson, Sec ond Division; H. H. Ross, E. M. Keys. Fred Johnsan, all of the Fourth Divi- sion.
 In interviews with a Gateway repre- sentative regarding any proposed measures which they would introduce nearly all were rather reticent in mak- ing statements, being of the opinion shat it would not be good policy to cross bridges before they came to them. Following is few terse expres- -sions of those legislators now in Sew ard:
 Senator Charles W. Brown-"I have formed no definite plans as yet, pre- ferring to let matters come to a head Before attempting to introduce any ehing to the legislature I believe that only legislation which is of benefic- nal nature should be passed, and to that end will bend my efforts. My con- .stituency will be looked after as my First consideration with whate ever will Toe of benefit to the territory coming za close second. The coming session appears to me to be one which will at times be strenuous owing to the diff Eerent views which will be presented eon some proposed measures. I believe that the territory should get just proportion from the fur seal sales of the Pribiloff islands, it is source of revenue that should be diverted to the territory I am strongly in favor of an Increased pension for the Pioneers of The country, for it was upon their ef
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03


 February 9, 1920, for the following described land:
 Rex Creek Nos. l, 4. 5 3, 3, 10, II and 12. Described as an area, com- mencing at corner No. 1, thence 5. 40 deg. 30 min. F.. 528O it.; thence s. Al deg. 30 min. w. 5280 ft; thence s. 4S deg. 90 min. F.. 52S0 it.; thence s. fl deg. 30 min. " 2S4O 1t; thence N. 4S deg. 30 min. ". i1o,56O it.: thence N. Al deg. 30 min. E. 1920 1t. to the place of beginning, contain. ing i2so acres. situated in the K0- diak Recording District, Alaska, and on Rex Creek, a tributary of Dry Bay. on the Alaska Peninsula. Any and all persons having adverse or conflicting claims to said land are hereby notified that full statement under oath, Of such claim, should be filed in this office, showing superior right to a permit or lease under said act, or valid existing adverse or con. inct1ag claim to the land, or the min. erals therein under the public land laws. on or before March 3, 1923; oth- erwlse, such csaim may be disregarded In granting the permit or lease applied for
 FRANK A. BOYLE. Register. Publish Jan. 13, 20, 2, Feb. 3. le, l7. March 3. 1923.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT
 Serial Od8S7

Department of the Interior thitcd States Land Office, Juneau. Alaska. January 6, 1923,
 Notlce IS hereby given, that IT costello, Trustee, of Independence hanSaS, has applied for an oil and gas permit under section 2o, Of the Act of February 25. 1920, for the following desci ibed land:
 Bear Creek Nos. g, 10. II. l2 ,2 rs 2l, and 22. Described as an araa commencing at Corner No. l thence 5. 46 deg. 15 min. E., 5284 ft., thence $. 4S deg 30 min. E. 10,56o it., thence s. 4l deg 30 min. ". 2s40 It. thence N. 48 deg. 30 min. W. oZoo It., thence $. 4l deg. 30 min, w. 2o40 it., thence N 48 deg. 30 mn. w., 52S0 ft., thence N fl deg 5V mn. E., 2640 ft., thence N. 46 deg. 15 min. w., 5284 ft.; thence N Al deg. 90 min. E., 2640 fl to place of beginning, embracing 12sO acres, situated in the Kodiak according District, Alaska, and on Bear Creek tributary of Lake Becharof on the Alaska Peninsula.
 Any and all persons having: adverse or conflicting claims to said land are hereoy notified that a full statement under oath, of such claim, should be flied in this office, showing a superior right to a permit or lease under said act, or valid existing adverse or con lHctlng claim to the land, or the min erals therein under the public land laws, on or before March 8, 1923; oth.. erwlse, such claim may be disregarded ln granting the permit or lease applied for
 FRANK A. BOYLE. Register. Publish Jan. 13, 20, 27.. Feb. 5, 10. IT. March 3 1923.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03

forts that the north has been develop ed"
 Rep. John A. Wilson-"My efforts will be concerned chiefly with the in- terests of the Second Division with my support thrown toward those meas ures which will be for the good of Al aska, as a whole. A recent resolution of Igloo No. l, Pioneers of Alaska, at Nome, calling for an increase of the pioneer pension, and which was en- dorsed by the Nenana and Fairbanks Igloos, will receive my support when presented. It is proposed to increase the present allowance to twenty-five dollars. Should other members not in troduce this proposal to the legisla- ture, am prepared to do so myself. Other members can have the assuI- ance that I will lend my support to such legislation which will be beneii- cial to the northland. This is my first term and I cannot commit myself to a program of which know nothing"
 Senator NJ. D. Snodgrass-"Educa- tion, good roads and agriculture are my hobbies and to the benerment of these I shall devote my efforts, chiefly in addition to aiding all good lesisla- tive measures. I believe that Alaska should derive more revenue from the Pribiloff fur seal sales, which is nat ural resource of the north. The plat form of the Fourth Division will re- ceive my strongest support. Other than this I am not prepared to make statement"
 Rep. H. H. Ross-"I strongly favor appropriations for the Agricultural college; pioneer relief measures; tax ation which will become one of the principal problems at this session; road appropriations; a change in the present law relative to dependent children in conformity to the Mothers Pension law, now in force in most oi the states; to secure more revenue from the Pribiloff island fur sales, which rightfully belong to the terri tory; the continuance of an effort to secure ample provision for the care of aged pioneers through the Pioneers Home and pension allowance"
 Rep. Fred B. Johnson-s'The views p& forth by my colleague, Mir. Ross, express my sentiments to nicety, al though have in view other proposi- tions which prefer not to make pub lie at present. My hobby is schools, and good roads, and on these matters I believe that the Fourth Division will
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03

An exceptionally large number of passengers booked out of Seward for the Admiral Watson last evening, near ly eighty reservations being made. The bookings and destinations were as follows:
 Latouche-Z J. Gersfarb, E. W. Chambers.
 Ketchikan-Gus Sundberg.
 valdez-W. E. eKrr, Mrs. w. Alex ander, Miss Anna Craemer. Cordova-J. c. Gotwals, G. Protz- man, Richard Wakeland. B. c. Dalzell Mrs. Wm. Johnson, Juneau-Rev. A. P. Kashevaroff, G. W. Lander, H. H. Ross, T. B. Johnson, James A. Wilson, E. M. Keys, M. D. Snodgrass, c. w. Brown, Thos. Price, Mrs. Thos Price, Miss Vera Kimball, H G. Staser, c. A. Irvine.
 Seattle-J. W. Fielder, L. B. Wal bridge, R. L. Hersh, Mrs. Sam Me- Niece, D. R. Gard. Chas Behlke Mrs.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
NOTICE OF HOMESTEAD
Oepartment of the later


 '. S. Land Office at Jaaeau. Alaska. Feb. 3, 1923.
 Notice is hereby given that John R. Crinenden, of Homer. Aias'la, who on February ? 1923, made homestead en- try No. O4l36, for lots I. ,. 2. !! ;, Sec, 35; lot l. Section 2S, township s, Range 13 W, Seward Meridian, has fll- ed notice of intention to make final three-year Proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before Mae Harrington, Homer, Alaska, at - on the 14th day of April, 1923. Claimant names as witnesses: Stanton Shafer. of Homer. Alaska, Henry Ohlsen. Of Homer. Alaska. Ed ward Sholin. of Homer, Alaska, c. ". Harrington, of Homer, Alaska
 FRANK A. BOYLE. Register. First publication, Feb. IT, 1923. Last publication, March 25. 1923.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
FAIR BOOKING LEAVES
 ON WATSON SOUTHWARK

The steamer Watson when it leaves port tomorrow evening will have a fair booking for southern points. Up to noon today the following had reserved passage. with many more to come on the train Wednesday evening,
 Juneau-Rev. A. P. kashevaroff, G. N. Lander. Jas. A. Wilson, F. NJ. Keys, NJ. D. Snodgrass. F. E. Johnson, H. H. Ross.
 Seattle-Mrs. Sam McNieee, D. Gard Chas, Belhke. Mrs. Nellie Belhke, Nels Felt, Scott Newcomer, c. c. Menden- hall. B. J. Cassen, John Ferguson, M. H. Holmes, G. w. Wagner, Geo. Nel- son, Wm. Turvey. Arthur Yost, Peter Anderson. Ben Hetley. Wm. Briney,
Seward daily gateway., 1923-03-03
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT
 Serial O4a56
Department of the Interio

Department Of the Interior United States Land Office, Juneau, Alaska January s, 1923.
 Notice is hereby given, that J. H. Costello, Trustee, of Independence, Kansas, has applied for an oil and gas permit under section P, of the Act of February 25, 1920, for the following desclibed land
 Salmon Creek Nos. 4, 5, 6, ', 8 13. IA, and 15, Described as an area commencing at Corner No. 1, thence s. 36 deg. 45 min. F., 5393 ft., thence s. AS deg. 30 min E., 52SO 1t, thence s. Al deg. 30 min. w., 1920 1t thence $. IS deg. 30 min E., 52S0 ft., thence s. fl deg. 30 min. w, 264O it., thence N. AS deg. 30 min. ". 10 56O it., thence N. 36 deg. 45 min w. 5393 it., thence N. fl deg 90 min. E., 3960 it. to place of beginning, em- bracing 1280 acres. Situated in Ko- diak Recording District, Judicial Di- vision, Alaska, and on Salmon Creek tributary of Lake Becha-of on the Alaska Peninsula.
 Any and all persons having adverse or conflicting claims to said land are hereby notified that a full statement under oath. of such claim, should be filed in this office, showing superior right to a permit or lease under said act, or valid existing adverse or con flicting claim to the land, or the min erals therein under the public land laws, on or before March 3. 1923; oth- erwise, such claim may be disregarded in granting the permit or lease applied for.
 FRANK A. BOYLE, Register. Publish Jan 13. 20, 27, Feb. 3. 10. IT, March {. 1923.