Evening star., 1923-08-30
HOLLAND QUEENS
JUBILEE OBSERVED
WiIheImina on Throne TWen-
ty-Five Years in SeIf-Made
Wonder Country.

The silver jubilee and birthday of
Queen Wilhelmina to be celebrated
August 81 in every city, town and
hamlet in Holland again calls atten-
tion to land where man has
achieved one of his most notable
victories over the forces of nature.
For the United Netherlands, famil-
iarly known as Holland, the name
of two of its eleven states. according
to bulletin from the National Geo
graphic Society, is a country where
the rivers run, so to speak, over the
heads of the inhabitants. Populous
cities rest below the level of the
sea. which persistently clamors for
admission. Cultivated fields are
buried under unproductive sand, and
marshes are drained to become fer
tile gardens. Islands have been at
tached TO the continent by ropes of
sand"
The bulletin, based on communi-
cation by James Howard Gore, con-
tinueS:
Lacks Quarries and Timber.
Holland, without quarries. has
erected stately buildings and sub
stantial cities and faced miles OF
seacoast with protecting pavement;
almost without timber, she has built
navies which have disputed the sea
with the most powerful fleets.
shtds tLaGking king raw raw materials l;ls Dutch
tories to run. and Dutch ships have
carried finished products to distant
lands. With neither coal nor oil to
drive the needed machines, the air
blowing over Holland has been made
to pay toll. and the revolving wings
of countless windmills transform this
toll into energy.
1T is not astonishing that even
CT Grill a rrNr snt 1.H-, 2 inr
produce grain and stock, but it is
surprising that Holland should exist
and it's existence is a paradox in
physical geography.
Before the birth of the Rhine
great part of the Netherlands, as we
now see it, was Il sea. limited on the
German side by a rocky coast which
now shows itself in the Tuetoburger
Valid Hills. The uplifting of the Ar
depnes inclosed sea in the interior
of Germany, which. shielded by the
Alps on its southern coast and pro-
tected from the cold winds of the
from the melting ice. Finally the
pent-up waters broke through. and in
the bed thus formed. the Rhine has
since been flowing.
masses of rocks were hurried along
until the moving force exhausted it
self; smaller particles We're carried
farther. and when the sea was
river of it's final burden. and sand
dunes formed the northern boun-
daries of Holland. The pebbles and
grains of sand on which rests the
soil of Gelderland and OverySSel and
the island of TeXel show that their
primeval home was the basalt re-
gions of the Rhine.
PecuIiarities of DeItas.
"The result OF the conflict between
the waters of the rivers and the sea.
into which they seek to find an outlet
is seen in the deltas of our largest
streams.
The struggles OF the Danube have
formed about its mouth vast tracts of
marsh lands; the Mississippi finds its
way into the Gulf of Mexico through
six channels. which are with great
difficulty kept deep enough TO carry
the discharginE flood; the Nile de-
mands a breadth of 120 miles through
which to force its vaCillating outlets
into the Mediterranean.
$50. Holland is the present of the
Rhine-that Rhine which ruSheS over
the rocks of Schaffhausen. spreads out
boastfully before Mayence. passes tu-
Ehrenbreitstcin and beats in sonorous
cadence at the foot of the Seven noun
tains.
Before reaching the Dutch frontier
II has lost all the beauty of its banks.
and flows in great. lazy curves Sug-
gestive of approaching old age. The
indeciSion of senility is now seen in
the separation of the Rhine into two
parts. The main branch shamefully
disavows it's name and throws itself
into the MeuSe, river of French
origin; the other branch, insulted by
the name of Dannebrog canal, after
going nearly to Arnheim, separates
into two parts, one emptying into the
Zuider Zee; the other, regaining its
early name, though qualified as the
Lower Rhine, goes as far as DUR