davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25
Scottish Estates Being Sold.

Enormous cstntes in Scotland are
going under the hammer, due in many
cases to the tuxes that have followed
the war. AS many as 80 square
miles of forests. grouse mo0rs ana
farms. with salmon and trout fishing,
whole rivers and lochs, islands and
mountains, and comfortable houses
are offered for sale at the present
time, including large part OF the
Caledonian forest. Yacht anchorages
and sea fishing are plentiful.
The brlefeSt statement Of the game
bags on some OF the properties, and
of the average takes Of trout and
salmon, brings into strong relief the
fact that, like Scotts "Finnan had
dock" the sporting thus indicated
"has a relish OF very peculiar and
delicate flavor" inimitable elsewhere.
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25
WOULD DO HER BEST

Dealer bargaining for the cow
How much milk does she give?
Farmer (warily)-I don't rightly
know. sir. But she's a darned good.
natured COW. and she'll give all she
can.-London Opinion.
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25
BEAUTIFUL THOUGHT
A laugh in time saves a quarrel.
NOT so GOOD NOW

II man owes you thousand dol
lars. is honest and willing. but unable
to make prompt payment. you do not
hesitate to grant him the necessary
time In which to meet his obligation.
But IL that man were to persistentiy
importune you to cancel the debt.
what would you think Of him.
That Is the position some OF the
countries across the water are in to-
day France in particular.
The allies owe us eleven billion dol.
lars. England is making preparations
to pay up as rapidly as she can but
France is eternally whining In an
effort TO have the debt cancelled.
We had good opinion OF France
In the days OF Lafayette.
1t is not so good now.-Ex.
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25

NICE stx STATIONERY At sse
PER BOX AT sEREMAN's CASH
STORE.
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25

Sale bills printed at this office.
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25

HIGH PATENT FLOUR, GRAHAM
FLOUR. WHOLE WHEAT AND RYE
FLOUR. YELLOW AND WHITE
CORN MEAL.
THE CITY MARKET. phons 80.
Phillips County herald., 1923-01-25

his commuH yV
sound bankiilg
cry Largely upo,
} determined I,
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09
Trail Century Highway
West the Mississippi First Trader Travelled In 1863

success they met with. La Lande
it is said, forgot to render an &C
count of his mission to his employ
er in Illinois, and he in time became
a prosperous and wealthy merchant
of New Mexico by means of money
to which he had no right. Pursley
was so infatuated with the new
strange country that he took up his
abode in the quaint old town OF
Santa Fe.
To Captain Zebulon Pike was
due much of the impetus that the
Santa Fe trade received in its be-
ginnings. An expedition, command
ed by this soldier, left the Missouri
river in 1906 for the settlements
of New Mexico. His report of the
route he had travelled and his COM
ments on commercial opportunities
in the southwest aroused much in
terest, and numerous trade expedi-
tons to that region followed. Trade
was so handicapped by restrictions
imposed by the Mexican govern
ment, however, that the adventur-
ers in this precarious traffic not
only frequently had their entire
stocks confiscated, but frequently
were imprisoned for months as
spies. Under these conditions,
many of the earlier expeditions,
prior to 1922, met with disaster,
while few were successful. Within
a dozen years after the first traders
had ridden its perilous course, the
Santa Fe Trail had become almost
a continuous cemetery-a region of
nameless and unmarked graves
fence or monument. Bat
ties with the plains tribes grew in
as the Indians became
better acquainted with the route
travelled by the whites and with the
pest points for attack.
An Overland Outfit
AS the years passed many of the
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09
DYE SKIRT, COAT
DRAPERIES WITH
"DIAMOND DYES"

Each package of Diamond Dyes
contains directions so simple that
any woman can dye or tint faded,
shabby skirts, dresses, waists, coats,
sweaters, stockings, hangings, dra-
peries, everything like new. Buy
Diamond Dyes"-no other kind
then perfect home dyeing is guaran-
teed, even If you have never dyed be-
fore. Tell your druggist whether the
material you wish to dye is wool or
silk, or whether it is linen, cotton, or
mixed goods. Diamond Dyes never
streak, spot, fade, or run.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09
Montana Second in Silver Output

Montana Second in Silver Output
Montana was second in silver pro-
duction in 1922, while Utah was first
and Nevada third, according to the
director of minis working in cooper
alton with the United States geolo-
gical survey.
Including Alaska and the Philip
pines, the United States produced
So, 510,895 ounces.
Utah produced 15,588,000 ounces
of the white metal. Montana, 9,601,-
900, Nevada 8,108,000, while Idaho
ranked fourth with 5,965,000 ounces,
beating Colorado by a scant $1,000
ounces.
The total gold production for the
United States was valued at $40, 1885,
900. California led in gold with $14,-
829, 900; Alaska was second with ST.
871,000; South Dakota was third,
$6,711, 900; Colorado, $6,518,000;
Arizona, s3,304.O00; Nevada, 49,
228,OOO; Utah, s2,226,000, and Mon
tana was eighth with $1,511, 900,
leading the Philippines by about
$4,000. Michigan had no gold pro-
duction but produced 1851, 900 in sill
yer.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09

old landmarks near the starting
Ipoint of the Santa Fe trail on the
Missouri river disappeared. The
earlier expeditions starting from
lSt. Louis went up the Mississippi
a few miles to the mouth of the
Missouri and then followed the lat
ter stream. For some time the old
Boon's Lick country, now Howard
county, Mo-, and Old Franklin
formed the Jumping Off place
The town of Old Franklin, where
Kit Carson worked as apprentice
to saddler, is now the bottom of
the Missouri river, for there a
swift current of the river has cut
away the old townsite.
The commencement of active
trade with Santa Fe dates from
1922, but one of the outstanding
events in the history of the trail
was the first attempt to introduce
wagons in the expeditions in 1924.
This was made by company of 80
traders, who supplemented the
usual train of pack-fnules with rs
wheeled vehicles, of which two
were stout road wagons, two carts
and the rest light Dearborn wag-
ons, the whole carrying merchan-
disc valued at $4,000. This cara
van reached Santa Fe in safety, ex-
periencing much less difficulty |
with the wagons than had been
anticipated.
The organization of a ful1-fledg-
ed train for crossing the plains con-
sisted usually of from rs to 80
large wagons that would carry
from three to three and one-half
tons each. The merchandise in each
wagon was protected by three
sheets of thin ducking of the
weight used for army tents. Six
pairs of oxen pulled each wagon,
and wagon train usually had ,
rom 20 to 80 extra oxen for emer-
5encies. The train of cattle, there
ore, numbered from $40 to $50, !;
With half a dozen mules for riding.
[he force of men consisted of a
wagon boss and his assistant, a
for each wagon, and half :,
dozen extra hands for various !
including herders. ;,
The average distance Travelled +
7as from IL to Is miles per day, f,
Though as many as 20 miles were 4
ometimes covered. Oxen proved
be the cheapest and most reliable
cams for long trips where grass
as depended upon for fodder. If ii
roperly driven and handled they c;
ere good for from 1000 to 2,400 F
lies in the season between April ii
Id November. F
Corral for Defense M
In camping or stopping to Craze Ct
camp, corral of oblong shape til
as formed by the wagons for de- be
nslve purposes in case of attack O
Indians. When this was done M
e tongues were turned out and en-
log chain extended from the hind lal
heel of each wagon to the fore be
leel of the next one behind, ma ge
1g solid corral excepting for a to
de gap at each end, through Sa
Itch the oxen were driven. tin
With good wagon train perfect ira
cipllne was maintained among by
men, the commands of the wag- wa
boss being implicitly obeyed. !
is was necessary because of the bee
1ger of Indian attacks and the Fe
ID of instant and concerted ac- ane
\ at such time. wa,
he average salary paid the men per
81 day and expenses. A good bes
lWhacker sometimes got more cat
earned it, An experienced man pris
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09

to Santa re was SlO a hundred
pounds, each wagon earning from
$500 to 5000 a trip on an average.
1t took about 90 days to make the
journey.
One of the largest manufacturers
and most enterprising men in In
dependence in the SOS was a negro,
Hiram Young. Besides making
hundreds of wagons he made prac-
tically all of the ox-yokes used in
the entire traffic. The forward
yokes were sold for $1.25 apiece,
and the wheel yokes for 81 apiece.
Ancient City Of Santa Fe
There are few more picturesque
places in America than the old city
of Santa Fe, at the end of the trail,
the date of whose founding lies be-
tween 1909 and 1617. The little
village had an arduous road to ira
vel during its first 200 years. 1t
was conquered by natives and re-
conquered from them by the Span
iards, and its population became
blend of Castilian and native blood.
During its period of most prosper
Gus trade with the United States,
Santa Fe had a population of 5000.
1t had grown UP among the ancient
Pueblo towns of the upper Rio
Grande, and it is even claimed by |
some to have originally been a
Pueblo town, itself.
The old city presented in appear
ance nothing in common with a
modern American city. The streets
seem to have radiated from CEN
trail point along lines of least re-
sistance, having no pretense of reg
ularity in direction, width or grade.
The only marked exception was
the Plaza, or public square, which
formed the central common of the
town. On one side of this square
stood, and still stands, a long, low,
one-story building, dignified with
the name of palace. This probably
is the most interesting historic edi-
flee in New Mexico and in the
southwest. In it we're kept arch
ives of old and forgotten times,
which finally we're rescued from
decay or destruction by Americans,
and so there have been saved to the
world from oblivion the annals OF
/ relatively remote civilization !
which otherwise would have per- ]
shed from the face of the earth. I
The old adobe palace has been
he scene of many stirring events.
n it lived and ruled the Spanish +
aptain-general, SO remote and in n
ccessible from the viceroyalty at s
dexico City that he WAS in effect n
king, nominally accountable to :
he viceroy, but practically beyond
is reach and control Here met
II the provincial, departmental
nd other legislative bodies that
ave ever assembled at the capital
New Mexico. Here have been |
tanned all Indian wars and meas |
res for defense against invasion, |
c1uding the Navajo war of 1928, -
lie Texan invasion of 1912, the =
merican war of 1916, and the
invasion of 1862.
'ithin the walls of the palace was
lprisoned in 1909 Captain Zebu-
n Pike and innumerable. state
isoners before and since. Many
sentence of death has been pro-
unced there, and the accused led
nth and shot at the command of =
: captain-general. AT one end of =
: rambling building was the
ardhouse and prison, and fearful
,ries of torture and cruelty are
1nected with the latter.
Dangers of the Trail
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09

of the journey between Independ-
ence and Santa Fe. The first ex-
tended to Council Grove, where the
caravans were organized. This was
a well-watered prairie country,
comparatively safe from Indian
depredations, and was the pleasant
lest part of the route. The second
division ended at the ford of the
Arkansas river. Near the beginning
of this stage came the transition
from the fertile prairles of eastern
Kansas to the arid plains of the
southwest, where danger from Ind
ians lurked at every step. But it
was the third division of the route
that was the most dangerous and
dreaded of all. 1t was the Chm
AKRON desert, extending from the
Arkansas river to the source of the
Cimarron. Within this distance
there is not water course or water
hole to be depended upon during
the dry season. The soil is dry
and hard, with poor vegetation.
The Indians were most dangerous
along this part of the journey and
there was greater loss of life here
than upon any other portion of the
trail. The fourth division ran from
the Cimarron desert to Santa Fe,
where travelling was safer and
pleasanter.
The entry of a caravan into San
ia Fe in the earlier days was an
event of much interest. 1t marked
the end of long and tedious jour
ney, made under great mental and
physical strain, and the beginning
of a long and luxurious rest, for the
life of the wagon-train employees
was continuous round of pleasure,
with much feasting, drinking and
dancing, and sometimes not little
AS a route of commerce the old
Santa Fe trail closed on the 9th of
February, 1880, when the first
train over the Atchison, Topeka
and Santa Fe entered the town.
The once great highway is now
only picture in the memories of
the few who have travelled its
weary courses, following the wind
ings of the Arkansas river and ON
to the portals that guarded the
rugged pathway leading to the
shores of the Pacific.
by Cheeiy-Raban syndicsts.)
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09

A century ago the only regularly
travelled route used for commercial
purposes west of the Mississippi
river was the Santa Fe trail. Over
this, which in the years ahead was
to become great highway of COM
merce, the first trail blazer rode his
perilous way with train of pack
mules in 1904. 1t was not until
1924 that the first wheeled vehicles
creaked and groaned over slow and
weary miles to the markets of the
southwest. During long decades in
which traders from the states
sought to push the commerce of the
United States westward the old
trail formed an almost continuous
battlefield between the Indians and
the white pioneers. The daring of
the latter, and the determination
shown in the face of what often APP
peared insurmountable obstacles,
resulted in the creation of the great
western states and large cities. AS
the Santa Fe trail was the first
great western highway and was
factor of enormous importance in
the acquisition and settlement of
the west by the United States, its
place in history can hardly be over
estimated.
In the beginning of the trade
with New Mexico, the route across
the great plains was directly west
from the Missouri river to the
Rocky Mountains, thence south to
Santa Fe by the circuitous trail |
from Taos. When traffic assumed
an importance demanding an easier
line of travel, the road was chang /
ed, running along the left bank of
the Arkansas until that stream
turned northwest, at which point it
crossed the river and continued
southwest to the Ration Pass. The
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
railroad track substantially follows
the trail through the mountains,
which here afford as wild and pic
turesquely beautiful scenery as any
to be found on the continent.
The First Traders
Probably the first expedition
that ever crossed the country all (
the way between Santa Fe and the {
Missouri river was the Spanish I
military force that was destroyed {
by the Missouri Indians in 1920. +
The next, according to Chittenden, 4
was that of the Mallet brothers, i
who in 1889 set out with six COM t
panions to go-f from the French set t
Elements on the Mississippi to the v
Spanish settlements of New Mex i
leo. The first expedition from the n
Missouri river to Santa Fe was e
undertaken around 1868 by French O
traders, who were imprisoned and S
their goods confiscated. "
The overland trade between the S.
United States and the northern n
of New Mexico seems to D
nave had no very definite origin or W
plan. A French creole, La Lande, a
who was employed by merchant h
If Kaskaskia, ILL.,, was probably S
he second adventurer to enter the a
channels of commerce nj
With Santa Fe. He began his adj W
-enturous journey across the vast IL
alone in the spring of Fl
8O4, and apparently reached Santa b,
e in safety. He was followed the tr
ext year by another trader, James BE-
'ursley. Neither of these trail
LAYERS in the commerce of the
rairies returned to relate what
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1923-02-09

could yoke SIX pairs OF bulls, as INT
cattle were invariably called, in Il
minutes, could curse in half a dozer
different languages for a couple o.
hours without repeating himself
and could knock fly off bulls
ear at 10 feet without hurting the
| bull.
Rattlesnakes on the Santa F.
trail, in the earlier years of travel
were great annoyance, often bit
ing the miles and oxen when they
were grazing. In the days of the
pack-trains it was sometimes ne
cessary to send men ahead to kill
snakes on the mules grazing
grounds. Later, the bullwhackers,
with their long whip-lashes, des-
troyed them SO rapidly that they
soon ceased to trouble the stock to
any great extent.
Excessive Tariff Charged
Under Mexican rule in New
Mexico, excessive tariff charges
we're instituted, amounting to as
much as 100 per cent upon goods
brought from the United States,
and for some years an arbitrary
duty was demanded of $500 for
every wagon-load of merchandise
brought into the province, regard
less of its size or intrinsic worth.
As gold and silver were paid for
the articles sold by American trad
ers, they were also required to pay
a heavy duty on the precious met
ais which they took out of the
country. Yankee ingenuity, how
ever, evaded much of such unjust
taxes. When the wagon train ap-
preached Santa Fe, the freight of
three wagons was loaded onto one
and the empty vehicles destroyed
by fire. To avoid paying taxes on
gold and silver taken back to the
United States, the freighters had
arge, false axletrees placed on
some wagons, and in these the
money was concealed. The exam
ming officers, unsuspecting SUCH
IN artifice, passed them.
The largest six-rnule wagon train
yer strung out on the plains car
led supplies for General Clusters
ommand in the southwest in the
winter of 1868. 1t comprised more
han 800 army wagons and was
our miles in length in single col
mn.
Succeeds Franklin
With the beginning of naviga-
on on the Mississippi, it soon be-
anne possible to shorten the Santa
e trail by establishing an outfit
ng point higher up the river than
rankin, and soon Independence,
Lissouri, ten miles each of Kansas
lty, became the starting point on {
e trail. By 1927 trading posts had {
zen established at Blue Mills, Fort |
sage and independence. Blue {
ills, six miles below Independ- T
&c, was for time the favorite L
nding. independence, however, i
ing the county seat and the lar t
r place, succeeded in its claims 4
the best outfitting point for the {
nta Fe commerce, which it con- Y
ued to be until 1916, when the il
fife was temporarily suspended Il
the breaking out of the Mexican p
r. "a
After peace with Mexico had n,
n established, trade on the Santa f
trail became extremely active, til
every year many thousands of til
gons were sent out from indie 81
ldence, which soon became the st
t market west of St. Louis for &C
tie, mules and wagons. The
&c CHARGED for hauling freight
The Washington times., 1923-01-16
D MARK |: |.
OFFERED new
ISSUES
New offerin Too Aggre.
ate More ran
SO, 600, coo.
u MUNIsOE ROBERTs
cqpyright 31s2s, By cosrno polttan

~
NEW YORK Jan. 1.-THE public
utilities committee of the Invest.
rnent Bankers Association, In call
ing attention to the legislative
program hf Governor Smith of this
State. ard I also governors Of
other States, has arinunciated an
important principle eflecting upon
the ssEfefy and at fAcfty eness OF
public utility bonds. Tt held by
the cofnfnittee. which has made =
very careful study of the situation,
that some of the legislative re-
strfctfye tendencies have cut down
the margin of safety on the
mortgage bonds of the companies
and. therefore, may. have less at
traction for investors. On the
other hand, the general expansion
Of the business OF these companies
has required an increasing amount
of the funds Of our Investors, who
have been quite, willing to respond
10 all OF these calls for assistance.
The Investment bankers, therefore,
are inclined to criticize any legisla-
ton that will .screake "a lack Of
condolences on the part OF large
and small investors within and
without the State, including in
surance companies and savings
banks thereby seriously iInpairing
the credit Of utility companies,
Two new large and important
bond issues will be offered Am'eTi-
can investors later In the week by
the banking syndicate which is Il.
nancing the purchase Of the con.
troll OF the Chile Copper Company
by the Anaconda Company: these
viii be 500, 0O0, 900 Of per cent
first mortgage thirty-year bonds OF
the Anaconda, Company at price
to yield 6K per cent; 5000, 600
debenture bonds to mature in ten
years and bear a per cent coupon.
Part OF the proceeds Of this latter
issue viii be used for the acquisi.
ton of the American Brass Com
pany. This is the largest item OF
industrial financing that has ever
been completed in the United
New bond offerings today aggre-
gate about So .00O. 900 and include:
Four million five hundred thou.
sand Indiana Electric Corporation
first mortgage 6 per cent gold
bonds series A, due November 4.
1947, at 95M, and interest; yielding
about 69s. per cent.
Four million dollars Indianapolis
Union Railway Company per cent
first and refunding mortgage bonds,
due 1865. at 98h and interest, to
yiel dabont sos per cent.
One million and two hundred and
fifty thousand dollars Delaware and
Hudson Company first and refund
ing mortgage 4 per cent gold bonds
dated 1903, due May l.. 1913. re
deemable only as a whole at 1914
and interest.
The Washington times., 1923-01-16
Chicago Live Stock.

HOGS-Receipts 10000. Market
1Oc, to 15c higher. Bulk, 7.S5@S.40
top, $50; heavyweight, 7.90@S.15i
medium weight, S.00@8. 40: light
weight, 8.10@8.50; light lights, 8.15@
$50; heavy packing sows, smooth,
5.3597.75; packing sows, rough, zoo
G7.30; pigs, 8.00@8.45.
CATTLE-Receipts $4,000. Mar.
ket' steady. Beef steers, choice and
prime, 11.75@12.50; medium and good,
S.50Q11.00; good and choice, 1850
1880; common and medium, 1900
1850. Butcher cattle, heifers, 5000
1000; COWS, 4.00@8.00; bulls, $500
100. Gamers and cutters, cows and
heifers, 2.25@3.75; Gamer steers, 400
$500. Veal valves, light and handy
weight, 10.O0@11.50; feeder steers,
$50 10000; stocker steers, 5.O097.75;
stocker cows and heifers, 350@5.75;
stocker calves, 5.00@7.50.
SHEEP-Receipts, $4,000. Market
steady. Fat lambs, 13.75@14.75,
lambs, culls and common, 1000
1900; yearlings, 11.00@13.O0; wethers
100000; ewes, 700@8.25; ewes
culls and common, 2.50Q5.5O; feeder
lambs, 13.50@14.50.
The Washington times., 1923-01-16
Local Wholesale Markets,

Exxs-Strictly fresh. selected candled.
mar doz., 4Oc; average receipts, S6G;
Ssouthern, s5c; cold storage. &c; -,
live PouItry--Roosters, per lb., Ice;
turkeys, per lb., Sb @4Oc: spring chickens.
per ID. SOC; keats, young. EACH Soc:
h0T live stock-Caives. per lb.. 1Ac;
lambs, choice. per H.. 1Sc: live hogs.
per Dressed Poultry-Fresh-ki killed spring
chickens, per h.. 80 q S8c; hens. per lb..
S762Sc: ROSTERS, per. h., 1Sc; turkeys,
per h., 4O@45c; keats, young each.
7OQSOc.
Toe; delicious No. /. per bbl., $500 q
so: California oranges, per crate, $500
grapefruit. $3.O0@l.OO; tangerines. $3.50
VeSeta bles-Potatoes No, /. per Dbl.
R RearSy. ss:SS SSss Beans. ssSSS 30
EsIe, Der Dbl, $1.25@1.76; lettuce, $2.00@
400: peas, $3.O0Wb.00; per basket
celery, per doz., $1.00Q1.25; cabbage
Northern, $3.50 200; elephants. pei
crate, $2.5005.O0: tomatoes, per box
Florida, $250m6.OO; peppers. per crate
Florida, $2.5O93.5O; spinach. per bbl.
S2.OO02.75; California grapes per crate
$3.OOQ4.0O.