davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
ALFALFA PEDIGREE
AIDS SALE PRICE

That the matter of a pedigree
makes a difference in the price to be
paid for alfalfa seed is indicated il
the difference paid in a recent sale
at a Miles City elevator for the
Grimm variety, which brought IS
cents per pound and the Liscom va
riety which brought 22 cents per
pounds.
There is declared to be no differ
ence between the two varieties except
in the matter of name and price. Both
are said to be acclimated to the eli
mate of southeastern Montana and
possess the same hardihood to resist
winter freezing and drought condi-
tions.
1t is noted, however, that the
Grimm variety is raised almost ex-
clusively in the north country, parti-
cularly in the Purewater, Montana,
district, while the Liscom is raised
more particularly in Powder River
district adjacent to Broadus.
Mr.. Liscom, after whom the seed is
named, started to raise alfalfa on his
Pumpkin Creek ranch south of Miles
City 35 to 40 years ago, it is learned.
He is said to have planted the Grimm
variety, but had nc record of its pedi-
gree not knowing at that time that
in later years a movement would be
started to have all Montana grown
alfalfa certified as to it's origin.
A movement is now said to be on
foot by the growers of the Liscom
seed to obtain a pedigree and if pos
sible to have it registered as Grimm
seed.
Additional acreage has been plant
ed to alfalfa seed in Powder River
county each succeeding year, it is re-
ported, and it is expected that an add
ed impetus will be given to its culture
where the soil and climatic condi-
are favorable. It has been DEM
.nstrated that the crop a be raised
on the divides as well as in the river
bottoms and that farmers are forsak-
ing the raising of wheat and taking
up the culture of alfalfa, believing
it to be the more profitable.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
THE WORLD

San Diego--Three naval airmer
were killed mere when two airplanes
collided at an altitude of about 1000
feet.
Davenport, Ia.-Five people lost
their lives in a gasoline explosion at
the home of Calvin Jordan, in An
dalusia, Ill.
Observation-Disclosures on the coun-
try's rivers, harbors and waterways
will require $63,328,065 during the
year beginning July 1, 1924.
TaylorvilIe, nl.-ttBecause l have
never been bothered with a man"
was the reason ascribed by Miss Mar
garet Campbell of this city, for her
being we'll and happy on her seth
birthday.
Bergamo, ItaIy-More than 700
persons are believed to have persisted
in the flood in the Lake Gleno val
ley, caused by the bursting of the
great dam on Lake Gleno, lying some
40 miles northeast of Milan.
Lacrosse, Wis.-Sister M. Led
wilma, 70, was burned to death and
many of the 1875 nuns in residence at
st. Rose convent here narrowly es-
capped in a fire which Quilted the dor
mitory wings of the convent.
Los AngeIes-Scantily clad women
fled to the hills, a motion picture
directors expensive car and nine
other automobiles were seized and
several prominent business men were
arrested during a series of roadhouse
raids conducted here early Sunday
by county and federal ''dry" Off
GERS.
Washington-Tax collections of
the internal revenue bureau during
the year ending June 80 last, we're
621,745,227, or Is per cent less
than those of the previous year when
they amounted to $3,197,451,000
Montana collections totaled s2,182,-
064.
Scranton-Search of two contin-
ents, North and South America, for
Jimmie Glass, f~our-year-old son OF
Charles Glass, a newspaperman of
Jersey City, N. J., who disappeared
the summer home of his par
ents in Greeley, Pike county, Pa,
years ago when he was four
years old, ended Sunday when the
parents positively identified a skele-
ION, found Saturday in a swamp in
Greeley as that of their child.
Chicago-More than n billion
dollars worth of farm crops, or at
east one-eighth of the crops market
I'd in the United States is sold CO.
op~eratively, l.. s. Tenny, assistant
thief, United States bureau of agri-
economics, Washington, d.
J., told the National Association of
State Marketing officials as it opened
is fifth annual meeting here.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
Per Acre Value of Farms

The United States census shows
that the average per acre value Of
farms under 20 acres in size is 1882.
81 per acre, while the average value
of farms of between 500 and 999
acres in size is $3.50 per acre, and
of farms of over 1000 acres, $25.37
per acre.
Between these extremes the value
varies somewhat irregularly, in the
averages, inversely with the size of
the property.
In Washington and Idaho the aver
age farm is of 1919 acres, with 1914
acres improved; in Oregon farms ay-
erage 270 acres, with SO acres i'm
proved; in Montana COS acres, with
191 acres improved.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
1926 BARRELS
OIL IN OCTOBER
LARGE PROPORTION COMES
FROM CAT CREEK; OHIO
LEADS NORTH FIELD
Mutual Oil Company's Pipe Line Car
ried 157,091 Barrels Oil From
Cat Creek! Kelvin Line Transport
ed 29,634 Barrels.

Oil pipe line companies operating
in the Cat Creek and Kevin-Sunburst
fields received 1"86,726.19 barrels OF
crude oil from wells during the
month of October, according to the
monthly reports just received by the
Montana railroad commission.
OF this the greater portion came
from the Cat Greek field, the pipe
line of the Mutual Oil company hav-
ing received 5 7,091.79 barrels, of
which 9~9,052.59 were by purchase,
and ~58,039.20 barrels were received
from other producers for transporta-
ton.
During October this company
transported 33,136.58 barrels of it's
own oil, and 9~4,1SS.6O barrels for
others as follows:
AFRO Oil & Refining company, 49,
PIG; C. w. Hart, 382.62; Lewistown
Oil & Refining, 3~3,624.93; Standard
Oil of Indiana, ~1O,821.35; North Star
Oil & Refining company, ~1,194.65;
Pure Oil company, 1,860.57; Weowna
Refining company, 6~,593.35; Yale
Oil Corporation, 1~0,495.22.
The operating income of the pipe
line was $19,098.7S for ~transporta-
ton at Is cents per barrel; $9,951.64
for storage and $45 for miscellan-
eous income, a total of 29,095.42.
Operating expenses were $~9,171.21,
leaving a gross income for the month
of ~$19,924.21.
In the Kevin-Sunburst field the IL
linois Pipe Line company received
and transported 2~9,634.40 barrels of
oil of which 2~0,9S9.13 belonged to
the Ohio Oil company, 3,688.59 to
the Homestake Exploration corpora
tion and 4,937..42 to the Mutual Oil
company.
The ccmpany's operating revenue
at 20 cents per barrel was $5,926.S8,
and it's operating expense $~9,03S..56,
leaving an operating deficit of 3d.
111.6S, according to the report.
Farm Loan Bank Report
Two hundred and twenty-three
loans to farming interests in Wash
oregon, Idaho and Montana
were made in November by the fed
eral land bank of Spokane, accord
ing to a statement of it's president,
d. G. O'Shea. The amounts aggre-
gated $846,0OO. The intermediate
Credit bank, which operates under
the same directorate as the land
bank, reported this month its first
loan to wheat interests, an advance
to the Montana Wheat Growers as
sociation. President O'Shea said he
has found an increased optimism APP
parent in the agricultural communi-
ties.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
OWNER LOOKS FOR
HIS LOST N

"Lost-One Cascade county ranch
Finder please return to Thomas D
Lehman, of Great Falls"
No such advertisement has appear.
ed in the Great Falls newspapers, but
Lehman is wondering what has hap.
pened to his ranch, nevertheless.
Lenihan is one of the oldest en-
ployes of the Great Falls Street Rail
way company. He thought himself
the owner of a large ranch west OF
Great Falls, and when he failed to re-
ceive a tax notice last month, went
to the county %treasurer's office to
ask why.
eve have no account in your
NAME" Mr.. Lehman was told.
He went to the county assessors
office to learn if his name had been
omitted from the assessment rolls.
There he found from the records that
his ranch had been transferred to
Eliot & Britton, who had sold the
ranch to W. A. Gemmill. Gemmill,
in turn, had decided the property to
the Gemmill Ranch company.
Investigation in the office of the
county clerk and recorder revealed
that Gemmil1 had not only decided
the Lenihan ranch to the ranch COM
pany, but that he had mortgaged the
property to E. H. Eickemeyer, as
trustee, for a consideration of $751;
600.
No firm by the name of Eliot &
Britten appears in the city directory.
Neither does the name of w. A. Gem
nor the Gemmill Ranch com
pany.
Mr.. Lenihan has put the matter in
the hands of his lawyer, Ransom
Cooper, who is seeking to sift out the
mysterious transfers of title.
mo n has even a scratch of the
pen to indicate that I have decided
over my property to them,' Mr.. Leni-
han told county officials.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
REE COPY or BUrTERIck FASHIONS

WI be mailed to you each month, q
you are interested In home sewing Send
your address by return mail
Sands Bros. Drygoods Co.. Helena, MonrA1s
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
cuticura for PimpTy Faces.

To remove pimples and blackheads
smear them with Cuticura Ointment.
Wash off in five minutes with Cuti-
cura Soap and hot water. Once clear
keep your skin clear by using them for
daily toilet purposes. Don't fail to in
e!u1e Cuticura Talcum.-Adv.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13

Chicago-A nation of toasteaters
is sought by the Wheat council of
the United States through it's Eat
More Toast" drive.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13

Lansing, Kan.-Crawling through
mud and slime in an abandoned tun-
mel 100 yards long, 13 prisoners es-
capped late Sunday from the Kansas
penitentiary here.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13

parts of the state and some of those
still to be held are:
Miles City, Dec. Is.
Forsyth, Dec. II.
Hysham, December Is.
Sumatra, December Is.
Highwood, December II.
Malta, December 16.
Harlem, December 16.
Chinook, Dec. II.
Havre, December II.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-12-13
ATKINSON FAV0RS
EXPORTING WHEAT
SAYS COLLEGE Is INTERESTED
IN POSSIBILITIES OF EXPORT
ASSOCIATION
Would Give Agriculture Same Protec-
ton That is Now Afforded Indus
trials; Almost Certain to Raise
Wheat Price.

In the midst Of a considerable dis
cussion in the northwest over the pos
sibilities of the Agricultural Export
corporation, formed in Helena recent
ly, President Alfred Atkinson of the
Montana State college announces the
state agricultural college is distinctly
interested in the plan as the most
workable possible at this time for the
farmers and cattle men of this state.
"The plan as announced from Hell
ena is for an export corporation
working behind a tariff wall, to give
the same protection to agriculture
that the present tariff gives to the
industrialist," said President Atkin-
son where the industry of the east
is protected behind this present tar
if wall, and labor is protected by re-
stricted immigration, agriculture has
been left to shift for itself, with the
result that prices of farm products
are entirely out of line with prices
of other commodities in terms of pur-
chasing power.
Tariff inconsistencies
'"There is always room for debate
about the benefits to be derived from
any high tariff but there can be lit
tie argument that a tariff that is
good for the eastern manufacturer
is not also good for the northwestern
and farmer. If the tariff
is wrong, then it is wrong for
industry as we'll as agriculture; if it
be right, then it is good for agricul-
ture as well as the others.
"This proposition started at Hell
ena, as I understand it, asks literally
for an export corporation working
behind tariff protection. Its effect
be Immediately to raise the
of ex%portable agricultural pro-
ducts in this country. 1t is possible
TO see that if this proposition had
been in force last September our
would be getting 80 to 40
more per bushel for their wheat
ind about five cents per pound more
or hogs.
Production Handled
"There is a claim by opponents of
his idea that it would increase pro
luction next year, but this is taken
are of in the proposal to sell our sur
iluS on the world market at world
the producer here to take the
oss if he o~ver-produces in any one
inc.
There have been many remedies
roposed ford the present disastrous
ondition among farmers and cattle
The Helena proposal offers
lore in actual results and less in
angerous after-effects than any
ther plan we have seen up to this
ime. Because it seems the most eff
icient means of bringing the farm
products speedily to the price
svel of other commodities, the state
ollege is keenly interested in the
rogress of the idea in Montana"
The farmer is going to be told all
this ley plan, through the Ex-
Commission league, comprising
/. F. Tate, president of the Montana
etail Merchants association; w. j.
of the Farmers Union; A. H.
tafford of the farm bureau; H. S.. |
uell of the Montana Bankers asso-
alton and Dwight r. Cresap of the
ontana Wheat Growers association. I
Meetings have been held in various
Evening star., 1923-10-07
A tf1an6ulatio signal station
of Map-MaKef

Offices and libraries is made on the
scale of forty miles of land surface
to one inch of map area. Uncle Sans
great topographic map is much larger
and more detailed than any OF these.
4 x x s;
THE experienced engineer will sur
i vey and map about one square
mile of land area daily. On the map
this large stretch of country will be
represented but by only one square
inch of surface. In that small space
every important physical, natural and
artificial feature and landmark will
be shown by means of the finest hair
lines and lettering. In the field work
the engineer uses extremely hard
lead pencils in drawing the map
features directly as he gathers the
essential data. During the winter.
when weather conditions prevent him
from continuing his field studies, he
returns to Washington. where he
carefully inks in the map that he has
made. Thereafter the map is pains
takingly engraved on copper by some
of the most expert engravers in the
world and then is printed from stone
In three colors by the United states
photographic plant.
Using the ink map made by the
field expert as a model. the engraver
reproduces each line and mark of the
paper picture on a copper plate. He
cuts delicate marks and lines, which
represent miles and miles of con-
tours. and streams, roads. trails,
bridges, houses and everything else
that the national surveyor has dis
covered ana set down on his map. AS
a rule. the average engraver can re-
produce more than one square mile
one square inch Of copper plate sur
face-of area daily. but often It takes
him two to three months to carve Into
the copper a dinicult mountain area.
The engraver's task is laborious--
Evening star., 1923-10-07

camper can fry his eggs without fire,
bad lands that are studiously
avoided by tourists, trappers and
the ordinary days work to the fed
eral map men.
Out California way, where the ma
tive sons" delight in the use of the
superlative. you will hear about
Mount Whitney, the highest peak in
the Golden state. which towers
14,501 feet above the average ocean
tide. 'If you, want to do some real
hiking, just tackle old. whit" the
Californians will tell the novitiate
mountain climbers. And thereafter
If the amateurs attempt the hazard
Gus feat, they will find out. that. the
up" in mountain climbing, although
simple as pie to. spell, is hard as
lucifer to do. F..
No more striking illustration of
some Of the natural Inconsistencies
of California is to be had than the
extraordinary typographical con-
trasts presented by strip of country
100 miles in length, which towers to
the topJof Mount whitney at its high
est point and sinks to the uttermost
depths in Death Valley-276 feet be-
low sea level--at its lowest spot.
The, Typographical engineers have
braved all the dangers of both these
famous localities in securing accu-
rate and dependable data for their
mammoth map.
Their Alaskan associates have even
ascended to the tops of higher peaks
than Mount whitney. for there is one
commanding mountain in Alaska,
which is named after William Nc
Kinley and which extends more than
20, 900 feet into the air-the highest
natural monument ever dedicated to
the memory of one of our famous
Chief Executives This is but one
OF several lofty pinnacles--much high
er than Mount Whitney-which make
the going" difficult and hazardous
for Uncle Sans map men.
It was more. than three centuries
ago when the initial activities In
mapping the lands and waters Of the
United States began. About $50 years
before Betsy Ross began her needle
work operations which ultimately re-
suited in the inception OF "OId
Glory" Capt. John Smith. a promi-
nent English explorer. inaugurated a
survey and mapping study of Chesa-
peake bay. For several months he
continued his Investigations but
finally his attention was diverted to
other more important channels. SUBJ
z a. a - ii lE
Evening star., 1923-10-07

sequently. practically nothing was
done in the way Of reducing the shape
and contour Of the new world to
official parchment. Hunters. traders
and explorers. told about new and
rich lands to the west. north and
south of the original thirteen col
onies. but on account of the sparse
population and enormous expanses of
wilderness nothing was done in the
way Of mapwork until after the civil
war, when Uncle Sam, through his
geological survey, began to explore
every hilltop and valley between
Canada and the Gulf Of Mexico, be-
tween the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
X
A FTER almost a half century of
IA effort, less than one-haH of con-
tinentaI United States has been sur
veyed and charted. If the campaign
is continued, at its present speed it
will require at least another century
to complete the herculean task.
However. the activities have been
slowed down latterly, due to lack Of
funds. A bill is now pending before
bill-which provides for the allot-
ment Of $37. geo. 900 from the govern
ment exchequer to hurry the work
to completion. The Individual states,
which assist in paying the expenses
of the survey, would subscribe in
the neighborho6d of s12,ooo,o0O adj
ditional.
With this large amount of money
available and an energetic working
force on the job. experts say that
the mapping assignment could be fin
ished in another score Of years.
Whether the task will be speeded to
rapid completion on such q post
haste schedule viii depend entirely
on the balloting OF Congress when
the national Legislators. reAssemble'
next December. s.
"A topographic map Is unique. mas
much as it is crossed and criss-
crossed with contour lines--level lines
Of elevation. : These scientific lines
Of contour and the distance above
sea level are invaluable to campers,
mixers. prospectors, transcontinental
railroad engineers, as we'll as to all
agencies interested in commercial en-
gineering and Industry. They not
only portray the shapes ,of all the
hills, mountains and slopes, but they
also constitute complete dictionary
Of attitudes for all named and un-
named points in the United States.
Ten seconds examination Of any poant
on the great map which your pre-
Evening star., 1923-10-07

N lei, more SO than that of the topo-
crarhic crg:ner, who sits in his
Warrington office during snow time
! ences of the previous summer as he
inks in the maps which he made and
recalls the trying work and hazard
Gus dangers.
No other. documents in the United
States are more carefully or jealous
ly guarded from beginning to COM
pietion than are the paper maps
which the engineers of the geologi-
cal survey make. From the time the
| engineer has spent a half dozen days'
work on his precious sheet he
guards the copy as though it were as
valuable las pot of gold. He sleeps
with it thrust under his pillow: when
ever he leaves camp he takes the map
with him. He never risks fire. theft
or somebody's else's carelessness. He
alone makes himself responsible for
the curiously inscribed sheets of pa
per. which represent months of the
| most arduous and risky, work now
performed anywhere in North Amer
lea.
In the Washington offices large fire.
proof safes are provided for the keep
| ing of the sheets of scientific paper.
which are usually worth $4,000 to
&c 600 apiece. After each map is
linked in. previous to engraving. it is
| carefully photographed-the largest
camera in the world. located in the
washington offices, being used for
this purpose.
Three thousand quadrangles, equiva-
ilent to 675,0oo square miles Of land
and water surface, have already been
surveyed and distributed in map
form. All these maps piece together
like picture puzzle and dovetail into
| one huge map OF the United States.
Evening star., 1923-10-07

eminent national relative is making
will enable you to determine the alti-
tude and typographical surroundings
of that locality.
For mapping activities the coun-
try is divided into unit areas or quad
rangles. each of which consists OF
225 square miles of land and water
surface. It costs between $4,000 and
$4,000 a quadrangle to survey and
map one Of these areas, dependent on
the ruggedness of topography and
the degree of settlement. When COM
pleted, these quadrangular maps are
sold by Uncle Sam for 10 cents apiece.
II the same map were prepared and
distributed by any private agency the
price would have to be at least -
q copy. To the average mining. in
Evening star., 1923-10-07

dustrial or construction engineer.
such a maj, would easily be worth
double that figure.
Each typographical map is an accu-
rate picture of the section of country
where it was made. All the data are
collected right out in the field where
the map is made. The engineers use
plane tables and surveying levels In
their field work, these tools being
productive Of data which enable
them to transfer the crooks and
turns, ups and downs of the country
to paper. Most of the maps are made
on the scale of one mile to one inch,
which enables the topographer to put
almost everything on the map which
can be seen on the ground. The or
dinary wall map which hangs IN
Evening star., 1923-10-07
Washington Map Men Put the Entire United States on

In some sections, where mining, nat
ural wealth and engineering re-
sources are not very important, the
map is made on less extensive
scale. AS rule. in the leading min
ing and metal zones. the surveys and
maps are made as detailed as pos
sible. Potentially. all that any en-
gineering, Industrial, irrigation or
mining project--no matter what the
scope and nature-will have to do
will be to refer to the government
topographic map to obtain complete
data about the land.
Evening star., 1923-10-07

lseyA din the Country 81
nd Herein Compile
CvaOeA eAa~andWln dFneaMp pinheW i World
Evening star., 1923-10-07

MOT all Of the map-making activi-
IN ties are carried on afoot Lat
terly airship service has been har-
messed to aid in the big campaign to
map Uncle Sans expansive counte-
nance. Flying at attitudes OF about
5000 feet. mapping airplanes equip
ped with specially contrived cam
eras soar back and forth with mill
fary precision. exposing film uni.
formly as they go and making extra
ordinary sky-high pictures OF the
panorama which appears on the
terra nrma far below.
Most OF the work. however, is done
on the terrain. as the most accurate
and painstaking results can be
achieved only In this laborious way.
Mountain peaks that have never
previously been scaled, swamps
which heretofore have been avoided
as tmpassabie quagmires. deserts
whose heat il 30 great that the
AZ - ~ k 49,