davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
TAKING INTEREST
STOCK IMPROVEMENT
West Virginia Active in Campaign
for Better Sires.
One Day 100 Enrolment Bi,nks Were
Filed by Owners Who Had Placed
Operations on Strictly Pure
bred Basis.

Prepared by the United States Department
of Agrieulture.)
Unusual interest in live stock i'm
proyement In West Virginia Is evil
denced by records Of the Better sires
better stock" campaign conducted
by the various states and the United
States Department of Agriculture In
one day recently West Virginia filed
with the department 100 enrolment
blanks, each filled out by a live stock
owner who had placed his breeding
operations on a strictly purebred sire
basis for all kinds of stock kept The
enrollments were from IL counties.
This voluntary activity Is of addi-
tional interest In view of purebred
sire legislation which became effective
In West Virginia January 1, 1923. The
state law requires that all sires, in
Guiding stations. ja,ks. bulls. rams.
and bears kept for public service be
purebred and registered. Violations
are punishable by fine or imprlson-
ment. Participation by West Virginia
live stock owners in the better sires
better stock" movement, according
to specialists In the bureau of animal
industry. United States Department of
Agriculture. Is an excellent Indication
Of favorable sentiment In support of
purebred sire legislation.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

livery I'm February, April and May, at
$50 ton. Retail prices of nitrate
throughout the state have since ad
vanced to $50 and more, and the aver
age saving for the farmer who took
advantage of the farm bureau agency
amounts to 50 ton. for a total of
S1S.450.
The second saving was made on the
purchase Of acid phosphate for which
retail dealers are asking $500 a ton.
Acting In cooperation with the farm
bureau organizations of Alabama and
Mississippi, MFR. Foss was able to Sc
cure 5000 tons Of 10 per cent phos
phate delivered at New Orleans for
$14.25 a ton. representing net saw
ing of 1925 ton. or total of SAL $50
for the state.
In the distribution Of the fertilizers,
the farm bureau acts in coopera.
tion with the county agricultural
agents. shipping In car lots to con.
venient points for distribution, and In
this way makes considerable saving
N freight rates.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
MATERIALS FOR HOG FLOORS
Concrete 10 Sanitary, but Often Geld
and Damp-AnimaIs Require
Clean, Warm Nest.

The agricultural engineering division
At University farm has been receiving
inquiries concerning the constructioa
of hog houses, especially ~ to the
material to use for floors.
1.-The hog house floor Ia very impor-.
tant II the building is to be permanent
and satisfactory" says Prof. II. q.
White of the division. Hogs desire
a clean, warm dry and weii-beddsd
nest, and this requires care In the
choice and placing Of the materials foe
the floor.
Concrete makes sanitary floor. but
1t Is often cold and damp and not de-
sirable for small pigs. A removable
floor Of wood for the nest to be used
at narrowing time 10 q great improve.
ment. Cork brick or creosotsd blocks
are also used for the floor Of the nest.
Hollow building tile laid ON we'll
drained gravel covered with about one
inch of sand and with the Joints be-
tween the tile filled with sand makes
a dry, warm floor. In some cases an
inch Of concrete over the tile 10 pre-
ferred. as It makes q more easily
cleaned surface. although not 20 dry"
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
DAIRY
FACTS
TIMOTHY HAY NOT GOOD FEED
Animal Husbandry Men at New York
State College Point Out Superb
GRITTY Of lepumes.

II you want to increase the cost
Of producing milk, feed timothy hay
to your dairy.
This is the way the animal hus-
bandry men at the New York state
college Of agriculture are pointing
out to the farmers of the state the
superiority Of legume hay over the
non-legumes. such as timothy, for feed
ing.
They tell Of an experiment which
showed this clearly. Two lots of cows
received Identical ratlons aside from
the hay feed. The groups were al
ternately fed either ten pounds Of
alfalfa hay or ten pounds of timothy
hay. The result indicated that the
alfalfa ration produced II per cent
more milk.
For dairy cows. clover and alfalfa
have practically the same value. Al
falfa sharpens the appetite and gives
greater gains in weight, but excessive
feeding without sufficient variety may
0verstimulate the kidneys.
Legume hays are good substitutes
for concentrates In the ration. With
all factors equal as to cows, feeds,
nutritive ratio, and the like, milk
production has been fully sustained In
some tests by substituting eight pounds
Of alfalfa hay for eight pounds of
wheat bran. Good soy bean hay can
be used In the same way. With wheat
bran or other concentrates at $45
ton and alfalfa and clover at 500,
what this means In cheapening ra-
lions the college thinks Is apparent.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

Furnished farm-to-marl1et high
way program and appropriated funds
to be used during the next three years.
Increased the working capital Of
the federal farm loan system, making
It possible to float bond issues more
easily.
Provided that the interest rate on
farm loan bonds would be increased
to 81 per cent-emergency act.
Revised the tax schedule, reduced
the surtax.
Limited immigration to 8 per cent
of the foreign-born recorded in the
1910 census and barring hundreds Of
thousands of undesirable aliens.
Prohibited the manufacture and sale
of filled milk, thus protecting the
dairy industry to the extent of many
millions of dollars annually.
Created an 80 per cent fat standard
for butter.
Appropriated money for extension
of credit to farmers in the Northwest
who have had crop failures, and defln-
ing crop failures.
Strengthened the warehouse act by
making 1t apply to all agricultural
products, making warehouse receipts
more useful to banking channels.
Placed representative Of agriculture
along with industry, commerce and
finance on the federal reserve board.
Re-created the War Finance corpo-
ration and extended Its usefulness In
advancing credits on agricultural
products.
Appropriated funds for the Depart
ment of Agriculture.
Enacted an emergency tariff fol-
lowed by the permanent tariff.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
SOY BEANS SUPPLY PROTEIN
Provide Valuable Supplement to Ra.
tIon Of Corn Silaue, Alfalfa
Hay and Oats.

Soy beans grown on the farm give
promise of providing many dairymen
with a valuable protein supplement
which will make them Independent of
high-priced protein feds. say the dairy
men at Iowa State college.
Experiments carried ON with a num-
Der of cows showed that cracked soy
beans proved to be worth $50 ton for
the feeding Of milk cows when old
process linseed oilmeal was worth S45
per ton, and so they prove to be a
valuable supplement to a home grown
ration of corn silage. alfalfa hay,
cracked corn and ground oats. In other
words. cracked soy beans, when fed
with the home-g grown ration mentioned,
are worth one-third more than oilmeal.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
LIVE STOCK
FACTS
HIGH-cLAss HORSES NEEDED
WsII-ered Animals That Have Dssa
Properly Fed and Broken Are
Always In Demand.

(Prspared BY the United statss pspartnsae
Of Agriculture.l
The United States Department ef
Agriculture calls attention to the fact
that there Ii a market for high-ciass.
well-bred horses and mules. The
small undeveloped animal of poor
quality Is always . drug on the mar
ket, but the offspring OF good brood
mares bred to pure-bred sires Of the
right type, II properly developed and
broken to harness, nearly always find
q ready market.
Figures based on the 1920 census
show that about 100000 fewer colts
were produced In the United States In
1919 than were needed to supply re-
placements of horses and mules on
farms alone. About 225, 900 high-class
animals are needed for annual Replaces.
ment In cities, making a shortage q
more than 100000 horses and mules
produced in the United States in 1919.
below the number needed for replac-
ing losses.
The department recommends that
farmers produce replacements enough,
In connection with general farming, b
be able to sell on the older work AMI
mails each year. The market Do
mands well-broken and trained horses
that will last long period of years.
Therefore. II the colts are broken at
about three years Of age and used on
the farm few years, these young
horses. together with the breeding
stock, will furnish the power for the
average farm and the young stock win
be increasing In sale value. Horses
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
AGE FOR BREEDING HEIFERS
Safe Rule to Follow Is to Wait Until
Animals Are at Least Seven
teen Months Old.

1t Is a recognized method among
the best dairymen that crowdlng heif-
ers to breeding season never makes
them as strong, and is apt to lower
their production later. Breeding them
too young, say at twelve to fourteen
months Of age, often gives trouble at
calving time; they are usually smaller
and not so strong as more mature
heffers, and seldom have as good
records.
Heifers that are well fed at the
start may be bred earlier than those
which have but little feed besides
pasture. A safe rule to follow Is to
wait for breeding until they are at
least seventeen months old, and later
If they are not well grown.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
LIVE STOCK HINTS

A good grooming costs no money
and is equal to two quarts Of oatA
Engineers say that q horse can do
the work of ten men.
The brood SOW does not need an az
penslve and elaborate hog house for
shelter.
Hogs, when fed a small grain ra-
tlon, will make rapid and profitable
growth on alfalfa.
During the months that the farm
horses stand idle or have COMPARE
lively light work to do, saving can
be made in the feed costs by feeding
a greater quantity of roughage than
the horses get when at heavy work.
While the ewes are lambing. the sue
cessful shepherd watches the flock
closely and Is always at hand to give
the eve or lambs assistance when
needed.
No farmer need hesitate In starting
with sheep because he has not SUM-
cient barn room for them. In fact,
sheep do not do so well when housed
In close barn with other animals.
A SOW that has had proper rations
up to the narrowing time will be quiet
at the time Of giving birth to her litter.
The ewes should be given plenty Of
exercise during the period Of preg-
nancy, as this tends to make the lambs
strong and rugged at birth and the
ewes will give birth to the lambs with
less trouble.
After the lamb Is born, the shepherd
should see that the eve VIII own II.
He should examine the udder and see
that no tags of wool will interfere with
the lamb In nursing.
Give the SONS feeds thet curry some
bulk In balancing the ratlMis.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
PUREBREDS REPLACE SCRUBS
Nearly 1000 Inferior Bulls Discarded
In Contest Recently Closed
In Kansas.

In the Kansas better-bull contest re-
Gently closed live stock men ana ag-
ricultural college officials of the state
replaced nearly 1000 scrub bulls with
purebreds. This is part of an active
purebred-sire campaign which the ex-
tension service of the state Is con-
Quoting. A specialist In animal hus-
bandry has been designated leader In
the work and Is cooperating with the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture in Better sires-better stock" at
tivities.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
CUTTING POTATOES FOR SEED
Usually Growers Slice for Number Of
Eyes Rather Than for Any
Definite Size.

Many different ideas concerning cut
ting potatoes are held by farmers.
Usually growers cut for the number
OF eyes rather than for definite size
seed piece. Commercial growers know
that the size Of the seed piece is an
Important factor In securing vigorous
plants and good stands. Experiments
have proved that as you increase the
size of the seed piece you increase the
nervousness OF roots and tops and
consequently the yield. with this In
mind pieces weighing about two ounces
or the size of an egg are generally
recommended and planted by success
full growers.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
LOUISIANA FARMERS
SAVE ON Fertilizer
Farm Bureau Members Get Nj
trate of Soda for SO a Ton
Less Than Retail Price.

A saving Of approximately 100000
on fertilizers alone has been made for
the farm bureau members of Louisiana
through the purchasing department of
the State Farm Bureau Federation.
which has just finished the distribu-
tion under the direction of G. A. Foss.
purchasing agent. of fertilizers valued
at $4,000.
The first act OF the purchasing de-
partment after its establishment In
December. 1922, was the Inrchase Of
1000 tons of nitrate OF soda at prices
Of $49.50 ton for December de-
livery. $50 for January delivery, and
5000 ton fore February. the prices
being quoted I. . n. New Orleans.
This was later supplemented by adj
ditional orders for 1850 tons for de-
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
FINISHED LAMBS
IN GOOD DEMAND
Young Animals in Farm Flock
Should Be Ready for Market
When Four Months Old.
TRY TO AVOID STOMACH WORM
Mako More Rapid and Less Expensive
Gains While Young Than When
older-lt ls Of Utmost Import
anee to Feed Properly.

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agriculture.)
Lambs In the farm flock should be
ready for market when about four
months old, according to specialists Of
the United States Department of Ag.
riculture. Reasons for pushing the
lambs as fast as possible in order to
market them at this early age are as
follows:
Average market prices are higher In
the spring and early summer.
Lambs will make more rapid and
young than when they are older.
Less labor and less pasture will be
required for the flock.
Escape Internal Parasites.
Lambs marketed in the early part Of
the season escape the heat of the
summer and the ravages of the stomach
worm and other internal parasites
This is very important, say the special
lists, as II has been found that In
most instances the weight of lambs
remains practically at a standstlll from
midsummer until fall. II they be-
come infected with stomach worms, as
is usually the case In the farm flock.
they will lose weight during this
period and large number of the AMI
mails may die.
Proper Feed 10 Essential.
In order to produce lambs of de-
slrable quality and weight for the
market at this early age 1t Is neces-
sary to feed properly both the ewes
and lambs. The ewes should be
brought TO the lambing season In good
flesh so that large milk flow is as
sured. 1t has been found that 1t Is
not essential to feed grain to ewes
sucking lambs II they are on good
pasture. If the pasture Is short, how
ever. or IL the ewes are on dry feed
the daily addition of 4 to 2 pounds
Of grain per head to their ration Is
advisable The lambs should be
tuught to eat at as early an age as
possible. They will usually begin
nibbling at feed when they are from
10 to Is days old. A creep should be
prepared so that they can get away
from the ewes and the best quality of
alfalfa or clover hay should be kept
before the lambs in this creep. They
should also be given small amounts
Of such feed as crushed corn. oats or
barley with little wheat bran and oil
meal. 1t Is important that the grain
be clean and fresh and that the
troughs are kept clean. After the
lambs have learned to eat they should
be given twice daily. as much grain
as th"y will eat within a few minutes
time.
II the general practices outlined
above are followed by the farm flock
owner II will be very easy for him to
put his lambs on the market Mt an
early age with sufficient weight and
condition to satisfy the buyers and
to assure him of good returns.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

ship prize at the West Virginia state
wide club show this year with her
purebred Hereford heifer, June Fair
fax. The girls name is Magretta
Bailey. In winning the grand cham
pionship she won scholarship to the
state university. She could have sold
her calf at auction with a profit Of
SCOOPS.
The boy In the picture Is Clifford
Benson Of Lamoille, Iowa. His is the
distinction Of being the winner of the
grand championship in Americas
largest calf club beef show. Compel
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
DEHORN CALVES WHEN YOUN;
caustlc Stick Should Be Kept in
Handy Place by All Dairymen-
Horn Soon Killed.

Every dalryman should keep a caus-
tic stick handy and dehorn calves
while young. When the calf is a day
or two old, the horns or buttons" are
small and can be easily taken off.
Applying salve around the button"
before rubbing on the caustic will
protect the skin, and the tiny horn
will soon disappear. One application
is usually sufficient.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
POULTRY NOTES

A hen will not lay eggs, no matte,
how well she is fed. unless she has the
egg-making material.
Light In the poultry house is one
factor which cannot be overempha-
sized.
Set only uniform eggs of average
size. Small, misshapen eggs and ex-
traordinarlly large eggs do not hatch
as well as the aggs of average size
and texture.
Dampness Is fatal to success with
fowls, but clear dry quarters do not
have to be warm. Sudden changes of
temperature are to be avoided and the
flock should be kept from chilly winds
or storms.
Geese can be fattened by forced
feeding with noodles and this is often
done for the highest class markets.
Oyster shell and grit must be be
fore the flock at all times. The oyster
shell furnishes the lime for the egg
shell. while the grit takes the place
of the hens teeth.
The last important thing to remem-
Der II good results are expected. is to
keep the poultry house clean. This
includes the dropping boards, nests
and most Of all, the door,
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
PRODUCING WOOL IN STATES
In 1922 Total Of 2te,095, 900 Pounds
Was Notwithstanding and
Texas In Lead.

Wool Is produced In every state In
the Union. according to reports of the
United States Department Of Agricul-
turc. In 1922 production totaled 219,.
OBS, 900 pounds (not including pulled
WOOL, compared with 225.546,OOO
pounds In 1921. Wyoming and Texas
led In production In 1922. having pro-
duced 22,5O0,0O0 pounds and 1D.3OO,O00
pounds. respectively.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
DANGEROUS garden DISEASES
II Pays to Carefully Examine Plants
Before Setting Outlook for
Yellows on Cabbage.

Many dangerous diseases are car
rled into gardens on plants. II pays
to examine plants before setting them
in the garden. Cabbage plants. for
example. should be turned upside
down and examined carefully for q
disease known as yellows. which has
been common In midwestern gardens
during the last few years. Those with
yellow leaves are probably diseased.
Dwarfed. twisted leaves. with dark
brown streak in the sap tubes, are
other symptoms Of yellows.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
PLANTS TO BE TRANSPLANTED
Harden OF Gradually, Giving Fresh
Air and Avoid Sudden Changes
Of Temperature.

If plants are kept growing at a RAM
pant pace In the warm hotbeds right
up to the time they are to be trans
planted In the open garden they are
likely to be sappy and spindlIng. Hnr-
den them OFF gradually as transplant
ing time approaches, give them a
breath of fresh air frequently. and do
not subject them to sudden changes Of
temperatures. If this is done losses
will be less, the plants will start of
much more readily and will remain
thrifty throughout the season.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

substantiated by experiments In the
experiment station and others, 1t has
been found that June and July hatch
Ing either from the standpoint Of egg
or meat production is not as profitable
as the early Matching. In some In
stances where the season is backward
and plenty Of shade can be afforded,
and vermin can be controlled by rigid
sanitation methods, June and July
Matching can be made profitable.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
Seven Scrub Chasers

I. Sell that scrub bull for
beef.
2. Make an exchange for a
registered bull calf.
3. Exchange scrub bull In
part payment toward a purebred
bull of serviceable age.
4. Hold a registered bull sale,
encouraging scrub owners to buy
a bull at their own price.
8. Form a bull club or bull
association.
0. Ask your county breed Sec
rotary and county agent to as
sist In replacing that scrub with
a good purebred bull.
z. Encourage scrub bull own
er to borrow a good purebred
bull from his neighbor for him
to keep to be used for two years
service, then return him to origi-
nal breeder.-A. ]. Cramer, Wis
consin College Of Agriculture
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
BEWARE OF N0xloUs DoDDER
Slogan Which Seed Growers Must
Adopt II They Wish to Stay
In Business.

Beware of dodder" Is slogan
which clover seed growers must adopt
II they wish to stay In the game.
There is no weed that Is causing clo-
yer seed growers more anxiety than
field dodder. New infcstations are be-
Ing discovered each year. Like many
other weeds dodder may grow unob-
served by the farmer until II has OBJ
tained foothold that Is hard to
break.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
Butter Made on Farms.

While millions of pounds of butter
are made in the large creameries, 1t is
estimated that 90 per cent of all the
butter used In the United States is
made on farms, and from herds of less
than 10 cows.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
Successful Dajryman.

When you find a clock, a thermome-
ter, set Of milk scales and a milk
record sheet In daily use In the COW
barn you are quite certain to be In the
vicinity of a successful dairyman. or
Of one who will succeed.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
Vitamin 10 Retained.

The alfalfa contains as much cal.
cium as the cow needs and cured I'M
der caps the essential vitamin is also
retained.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
REWARDS FOR CLUB MEMBERS
Magretta Bailey Wins Scholarship to
West Virginia State University
and Other Prizes.

Cash prizes. scholarships and trips
are some, of the immediate rewards
that come to members of boys and
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
Good of Alfalfa Hsv

If alfalfa hay has been properly
cured under caps 1t will not be neces-
sary to feed the cow any calcium feeds.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

Fred ID. Griggs Las been elected sec.
rotary OF the Massachusetts Farm
Bureau federation.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19
Milk.Eexer Outfit

A milk-fever outfit is needed In every
dairy Of really good cows. 1t is the
one sure method Of treating milk-fever.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

Good Horses and Mulee Should In.
crease Income Of General Farmer.
reach their maximum sale value &C
about six years Of age. and the sur.
plus animals should be sold 1t this
time. Well-bred horses and mules that
have been properly fed and vel
broken are usually salable at Z profit
able figure and should increase the
income Of the general farmer.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

The Louisiana
ship approximately
under the permits
ganze
the accompanying picture shown the directors and officers
Of the association, follows:
Top rightLeo
Travis Oliver
Middle L. Monroe; Pratt Natchroches; r. A.
Lafayette;
r. w.
r. Cotton Jnesvie Andrew Querbes
Baton Rouge; Baton Rouge; Marksne
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-04-19

After the lamb is born. the shepherd
should see that the eve VIII own H.
He should examine the udder and see
that no tags Of wool win interfere with
the lamb in nursing.