The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-29

they pass.
 In this western country Canyons through which a road passes are bases of operation for law enforce | ment officers, instead of for criminal holdup men. as in the old stage coach ] days. Liquor cars approaching a canyon send a scout ahead before proceeding over dangerous ground"
 In the Canadian liquor traffic. as l in coastal smuggling, violation of | the prohibition laws goes hand in hand with narcotic and immi grant 1 Smuggling, Certain of the known | traffickers about the Great Lakes have narcotics as a side line. and | they are not averse to transporting l Chinese into the United States in vio- lation of the Immigration laws when | ever a chance is offered. Canadian
 silk dealers have complained that | their business Is hurt by the peddling of fancy silks and other textiles
 smuggled into Canada - from the l United States without payment of
 the usual customs duty.
 1 How Canadian Liquors Sell.
 Retail prices of Canadian liquors in the United States are entirely ficti- tious Near the border quotations are
 usually from $50 to $120 case. In interior points the price is seldom be- liquor, but by the individual bottle
 it brings from SIP to s25-whatever | the traffic will bear.
 i Intimate knowledge of the com | plicated liquor laws of the Dominion ] of Canada and its various provinces | IS one of the weapons with which
 enforcement officers of the United l States must be equipped. Under the Dominions fundamental law prohibi-
 ton Is left for determination to the | several provinces.
 The degree of dryness varies with each province. Quebec and British Columbia are wet, although neither has open saloons. The other prov inces have been considered dry, al though peculiar inter-relations of the Dominion and provincial laws make possible the manufacture of I whisky, beer and other alcoholic Aq- iuors by licensed distillers or brewers lin any province. All prohibition laws allow use of liquor for medicinal | sacramental or scientific purposes, hut some provinces restrict safes for medicinal use. Manitoba recently voted to substitute a system of gov eInment sale Of liquors lcr It's pie- yious dry condition.
 Through Canada's Dry Belt.
 Thus a Canadian province which considers itself bone ory may yt. G have liquor coursing through its trans portaticn arteries to the United States. The laws may make prov iince dry, but when 1t is squeezed bv men engaged in the Illicit nquor traffic it leaks, still without neces- sarily violating the Canadian statutes. Consequently the united States prohibition agents operating along the Canadian border must nave both hearts full of nerve and heaos full of law
 Canada has been drying up since 1884, when the Dominion Parliament passed what has become known as the Canada temperance act. It Is es- sentially a local option measure, TOT if provides that when any city coupty or province votes dry, tho Dominion government then will pro hibit the Importation of liquor TOT beverage purposes in accoraanee with local wishes. FormefIy ete law made an exception of shlpnenes for personal or IdInliy fuee' anu
 left a loophole. .
 Tn 1916 the aw was amended 10 forbid importation into. any dry ats" of liouor intended for beverage pur l noses but this placed the burden or proving knowledge of the intention Ion the government. Export houses lsprang up in legally dry counties or provinces, shipping in wet gooos o tensibily for non-beverage or eApors nurnoses, The provinces were pow erless to abolish these businesses bacause trade is protected by Domln- ion laws. and these laws did not pro hibit dealings for export or TOT non-beyerage uses.
 Amending the Laws In Canada.
 post-war demobilization came along. and the ease with Whlch Hquor was obtained by soldiers Tn proVthcSI' which were dry by law, sent Whirl-
 wind of indignation over the country. The dominion temperance act was amended once again. This time It specified that if province so Noteu, the central government "oulu U loA sr gu l of liuuOr except TOT non n-beverage purposes. Even inls did not work well, for the so-called "export houses" continued to operate in many of the dry provinces Wltn tlie large stocks on hand. ana oS oti,lg irg importations of lntoXlcatlns
 liouors under the guise or satlsly- ing a non-beverage demand' they would hold the liquor in the pro } vinces, let some leak out locally through Host" export shipments, anu actuaiiv make export shipments to the United States, or to another pro-
 once again the dominion Parlia- ment amended the Canada temperance act. On June 2s, 1922, II passeu This rhm further restricting exportatlon. Ihis act squeezed out the export houses
 from most provinces, and they fled to British Columbia. Their thriving
 condition in that westernmoSt pro vince is explained elsewhere in thls narrative. ,,,
 Licensed breweries and distilleries
 remained however, and are stlll Tn operation, producing whisky glh ana
 beer, supposedly for non-peVerase
 use in dry provinces or for export
 Their activities are protected py IT. cense of the dominion government so far as production and export ara concerned, but they are subject to oo- minion laws Yin matters or taxation and regulation of intraprovlnce traoe.
 
 The Different Canadian Provinces. Keep these facts in mind apout Canada: The dominion government
 controls importation into and expor-
 tation from each province, but aploes substantially by the wishes or each province in these respects. me uo minion also exercises controi over the breweries and distilleries, sup ject in much the same way to tuc wishes of the province, put ooes ho' prevent export from these plants. l 9TH ADD LIQUOR REGISTERS :. The provincial laws in general terms are these:
 Ontario-Generally dry; importa- tion for beverage purposes TOT orpiooei exportation from distlllerles anu breweries permitted; maintenance or stocks at these plants permltteo' saie of beer with less than 22 per cels alcohol permitted. on the ground en@' this is non on-intoXicating; no saloons' no sale for beverage purposes sale 7 for medicinal, scientific or sacrameh- tai use authorized.
 Quebec-Wet, but no saloons TOT } sale of whisky and other dlstllleo : spirits; liquor sold by provlnclai gov ernment authoriLes through dlspeno saues, and the sale of beer ana wino permitted by licensed hotels, restau- lf fpiY