davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-07-08
BY HENRY W. -BUNN.

tn HE following Is brief summary OF
the most important news of the world
for the seven days ended July 4:
Great Britain.-There was less unemploy
ment in Great Britain in April, 1928. than
in any previous month since March, 1921. The
ratio of unemployed labor to the total trade
union membership at the end of April was
II 1-Ie per cent as. as AGAINST II per cent at
Of 2s i-1o per cent at the end of June, iss1.
1t Is understood that since April there has
The British house of commons has passed
5tii ,o which proposes to on make the ErSunds
a British wife has not been able to obtain a
divorce on mere proof of her husbands mis-
tion, Of % cruelty and desertion The bill is
Mnothep 9re exeeile1t .n Bill is before the COM
mons, which. would forbid publication of the
details Of divorce court evidence.
France-The total area of French posses
sions in Africa is 4,s2o,54s square mites, in
cluding CAMERON and Togo. held under
mandate of the league of nations. The popu-
lation of these possessions is about $4,000. 900.
Possessions @ a IS 8 about Ai.esetSer the
Preneh foreign possessions: s. INCLUDING certain
total about 100000 square miles in area and
IS ABOUT miles 81 and Ns
ss In NJ hs about
of Alaska, Porto Rico and other possessions
quasi-possessions is 3,026,7S9 square. miles.
After experimenting In the opposite direc-
tion for twenty years the French government
has restored instruction in the classics in the
Lycees, and has extended its scope. Four
wears of Latin and two of Greek are required
Germany.-The bloodiest incident of the
Franco Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
occurred on June so. A troop train filled with
Belgian soldiers going home furlough was
crossing the Duisburg bridge over the Rhine
when. bomb exploded in one of the cars,
killing wounding all Its occupants. Ten
Belgian soldiers were killed and thrty-four
wounded, and nine German workmen in a car
on a parallel track were hurt by splinters.
The crime was probably in revenge for the
stiffening of regulations affecting the popu-
lation in the Belgian area of occupation In
ous of two Belgian soldiers by Germans
The occupying authorities at placed
Duisburg under martial law, Imprisoned the
burgomaster and sixteen officials or leading
citizens of the town hostages, and now
every train crossing the Duisburg bridge has
under armed escort The chorus of furious
protest raised by the German press over the
death sentences for sabotage has little sub
sided since the Duisberg incident. Moreover
the Pope, by prompt denunciation of that
crime, somewhat softened the effect produced
in France by his letter of the previous week
concerning reparations
A decree was issued some little time ago
by Gen. De Goutte, authorizing confiscation
by the. occupying authorities of all indus
trial plants in the Ruhr, including mines
the products of which might be applied to
Evening star., 1923-07-08
German Canaries
Again Are Imported

Germany is recovering from the
spect. During the last two years the
Importation of canaries into this
country from Germany. has reached
pre-war levels, according to official
statistics.
Having thrown his solicitous care
about children, mothers, public
health, ex-so1diers, the farmer, hogs,
cattle, corn, watermelons and what
not, Uncle Sam has just extended his
ministrations to canaries. An inter-
esting book, giving advice on the
feeding, bathing, breeding and gen.
eral care Of canaries, has just been
published by the biological survey OF
the Department Of Agriculture.
Ono OF the functions of the bio
logical survey is to inspect the I'M
portation of. birds from foreign coun-
tries,
Last year more than 10000 cana
ries were imported from Europe and
the orient.
The European species probably
came originally from the Canary
interbreeding with the serin finch. a
native of Europe. which is dihicult
to distinguish from the wild canary.
About fourteen distinct strains are
now recognized, with many varieties.
In rearing song canaries the aim is
to. produce males with clear, soft.
pleasing songs, with long rolls or
trills. When hedEed,s the young
birds are, put in rooms with males
noted for their soft songs. where
they develop their own vocal powers
by imitation. Ordinarily these train
ing rooms are kept darkened to
lessen tendency to Objectionable loud
ness.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Vast Expense and Greatest Care =
Needed to Keep Golf Course Up

has been practicsed for hundreds of
years-the growing of sugar cane be-
ing a conspicuous example. Creep
ing bent grows in the same way from
cut pieces Of runners containing
joints. These joints need not have
have roots already on them when
planted in order to have them grow.
Planting Varies.
Creeping bent cuttings may be
planted at any time the ground is in
condition to be worked, the experts
of the Department Of Agriculture ad-
wise. The federal department has
planted 1t at various times from early
April till late in November The late
paintings. it has been found. make
very little growth in the fall, but
the grass starts of early in the spring
and grows faster than that planted
in the spring. Midsummer paintings
made good turf in a short time when
we'll watered. -
summer paintings are usually desir-
able because of the good grass grow
ing weather in September. but the re-
suits obtained by the department
show that 1T is safe to plant this
grass by the vegetative method at
any time. ~.
Creeping bent is a northern grass
and thrives only under humid condi-
tions. 1t is probable that 1t can
be grown anywhere in the northern
states IL water Is supplied during hot
wsather The Department. Is :. , Of AgEi-
mond, but believes 1t Is worth expert
menting with throuhout the south
wherever it can be kept well watered
during the summer.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Government Getting a Grip
On the Coal Mining Industry

That the United States government
is taking charge Of the coal mining
industry with firm hand was shown
by two important government
agencies during the last week
Declaration by the Interstate Com
merce Commission that there are at
present more mines in the country
than is consistent with the efficient
use of carrier equipment and their
A., aggregate car supply" in refusing a
permit for one-mile branch track
in West Virginia TO serve mines be-
ing opened by the Pocahontas Fuel
Company. was almost simultaneous
with an important announcement by
the Interior Department.
This was to the effect that while
in the past, because Of prior develop
ment of coal mines and industries in
the eastern states, coal mining in the
public domain of the west has been
overshadowed, but that in the years
ahead leased mines may well become
the more important.
On this account every effort is
being made by the Interior Depart
ment to establish the new system of
SO as to protect the public interest
in safe and efficient mining and at
the same time not to unduly hamper
initiative In operation.
Inc sro~lHB lHlportduCe VI ILLS
new leased coal mining industry Is
shown by the fact that a total Of
0,000 acres of coal lands in fifteen
western states-hard by which 1t Is
hoped to have factories built. so as
TO greatly reduce the coal haulage
and SO solve the recurrent coal
crises-have been leased for mining
operations. These figures do not in
rlude Alaska, where coal mining
operations are conducted under a diff
terent system.
This new system OF leased mines
Evening star., 1923-07-08

researches being carried out. At the
same time. to preserve a proper bal
ance, close contact is maintained with
the consumers of the commodities
manufactured by these industries. In
this way two sets of interests are
brought together in the study Of those
problems in which both are interested
from different viewpoints
Among the problems now being con-
sidered are the durability of various
types Of building stone, a study OF the
theory Of reinforced concrete design,
study Of the proportioning of con-
crete. studies of cement control. uses
OF lime and gypsum products. studies
of the constitution of Portland cement.
of the comforting and wearing values OF
fabrics, the simplihcation Of paper sizes,
OF the power loss In tires through in
terror friction, and the relative wear
Of leather produced by different meth
DDS OF tanning.
Operate Raper Mill.
Paper is being made at the bureau of
standards in a mill in which any OF
the customary processes can be repro
duced. In this mill experiments are
made with a view to studying the ef-
feet on the finished products Of differ
ent variables in plant procedure. New
IdN IudtcIidio dHu hcW pIOSCSoCo oi g
experimented with and lots of paper
made for investigation and use.
In another part Of the plant is a
mill in which similar studies relating
to the textile industry are carried out.
Here they start with the bale Of cot
ton and end with the finished thread,
yarn, cloth or hosiery.
Leather soles and rubber tires are
given such wearing tests as furnish
comparative measurements of their
durability in actual service. An ap-
paratus is in use which, shows not
only the amount of energy absorbed by
a tire in use, but also demonstrates
the advantage of a cord over fabric
tire.
Studies Of new types of tanning ma
terials or new ingredients for rubber
goods are made with special reference
to their durability In service. To this
end the tanning and working Of leather
and the compounding and vulcanizing
of rubber are also carried out to plant
scale.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Lumbermen Prove Capital
Ideal Site of Headquarters

manufacturers in the United States
and more than $500 sawmill enter
prises manufacturing about 1S,000,-
100000 feet Of lumber annually, or
approximately 60 per cent of the
entire Lumber production lon .or,ona OF the n
associations; are in FREQUENT COM
munication with the Washington
Office.
All of the advantages which were
expected to accrue from establish
ment Of headquarters in Washington
have been realized. Location In
Washington makes it possible to dis
pose of business with the govern
ment much more promptly and also
more satisfactorily. than at any other
tion point out. The increasing 'inti-
macy and number of relations be-
tween government and business. due
chiefly to the complexities" OF tax
alton and the now numerous laws and
governmental regulations of and in
Washington more and more the. capi-
tai Of national business as well as the
political capital.
This tendency Is not only helpful
to business, but also to the govern
ment, which,. in discharging its vari-
GUS functions that impinge upon
business, finds its work greatly facili-
tated by being able to use group
organizations Of industry established
here. The governments detectives
are quickly explained and interpreted
to members Of the group, and the
group. organization. is able to meet
government requirements much more
effectively than individual action
could. -< -. E..r+
Another important advantage, of be-
ing In .Washington..isa that so many
of the national business associations
either have headquarters or, active
branches hers. This facilitates the
Of matters bearing on re-
'lations between different industrtes.s =
Evening star., 1923-07-08

The treaty with Cuba which enables
Americans to be gouged on their
sugar bill through market manipula-
tion should be abrogated, according
to Representative Whitmell P. Mar
tin Of Louisiana, who is recognized
as speaking with authority for the
American sugar producers.
1t is the market for the Cuban. not
the domestic, sugars that is being
manipulated, he points out. and it
will be found that the manipulations,
though done by American interests.
will be traced to Cuba where, Of
course, our courts are without juris-
diction. The American refners, who
either. own or control the Cuban crop,
aided and abetted by certain banking
interests. are disposing Of the Cuban
sugar In small quantities. so as to
make it appear that there is short
age and, hence. a good reason for the
increase in price.
Market Later Flooded.
1t will be found, however, that
when the domestic sugars come on
the market in October. November
and December there Is plenty Of
Cuban sugar still available, and that
these same sugars will be used to
flood the market and depress the
price of the domestic article in order
to thereby discourage the production
of sugar in this country.
So long as the existing treaty with
Cuba remains as 1t Is. the only hope
of competition with Cuba is the do
mestic industry. The Cuban treaty
provides that Cuba shall pay 20 per
cent less duty than other foreign
countries, and this means that while
other countries must pay 2.20 per
pound to place their sugars upon our
market, the Cubans only pay LIS per
pound. or a difference Of A cents per
hundred pounds.
see. Little Appreciation.
This treaty was negotiated soon
after Cuba, through the assistance OF
the United States, threw off the
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Abrogation Of Sugar Pact
With Cuba to Be Soug ght

Spanish yoke and became an inde-
pendent country.
"The people of the United States
gave their money and fought a sue
cessful war with Spain, to the end
of freedom and liberty" Representa-
tive Martin recalls, but instead Of
showing appreciation for these
blessings. which without the inter-
vention of the United States they
would never have attained. We find
that the Cuban, aided and abetted by
American capital. Is abusing the ia
yorS and privileges extended by this
country to extort millions OF dollars
from the American people. and at the
domestic industry. so that this ex-
tortfon may continue indefinitely"
WouA Protect Market.
The fact that Cuba, at a time when
this country was recovering from the
effects of the great war, openly
boasted that it would demand not
less than "a cents a pound for the
raw sugar it produced. IS sufficient.
he believes. to show that 1t Is no
longer entitled to any favors or
privileges that are not extended to
other countries. .-
Representative Martin concludes.
and intends to impress upon Con-
gress when it reassembles, that the
only way the manipulation of the
sugar market can be controlled and
the American people guaranteed a
free and open market, regulated by
tthe law of supply and demand, lies
in tho maintenance Of fair. ade-
quate and permanent tariff, which, by
placing the domestic industry on a
parity with that Of other countries,
will encourage it's development and
permit the American people to pur-
chase their sugars at a fair. price on
a competitive and unmanipulated
market. Couple this with the abro-
cation Of the existing treaty with
Cuba, which excludes competition
from other countries. and In the
course of a few years the production
Of sugar would so increase in THIS
country as to make us Independent
of the world.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Bathing Suit Comment
By Doctors 'tAmuses''

When it comes to explaining what
is best for humanity-from the stand
point of health-our doctors are right
there. In sickness or in health, they
stand right by us.
But what amuses (us-yea, tickles
our risibilities-is the announcement
of the American Medical Society, in
convention at San Francisco. in re-
gard to bathing suits
Bathing suits are not as healthy
as natures own garb, because they
prevent the body from drying" the
medical men agree. One doctor grew
enthusiastic about the sort OF bath
ing suit worn by the small boy at
the "ole swimmin' hole"
There can be no dispute among us
laymen about the nherits Of the small
boys bathing suit. We bow to the
scientific discoveries OF medicine.
But, DOCTORS how can we return to
first principles in this regard? 1t
would seem that among the needed
inventions Is the need for a bathing
suit that isn't q bathing suit yet
serves the purpose of a bathing suit
without preventing the body from
drying.
Perhaps some inventor will fix that
for US in time. OF course, the doctors
were only speaking from the stand
point of health. And what is health
between wearing a regulation bath
ing suit when we swim, or not swim-
ming at all? AS the poets might re-
mark, 1t is better to swim In a bath
ings suit than not to swim at all.
We listen respectfully to what the
medical profession says-so far as
health is concerned. But we cannot
figure any other way to do than pack
a little bathing suit around US when
we go swimming. Omaha World
Herald.
Evening star., 1923-07-08

that the Pope. as president of the
council, should have the direction of
the procedure. His direction was
characterized by much liberality. In
deed among the complaints which
he. admitted for discussion was one
to the effect that the papal chair
and the Roman congregation of the
curia-that is to say, its chief state
most entirely by Italian prelates.
and that the control of the church
was too much centralized at Rome.
The discussions were marked. thanks
to him, by considerable amount of
independence. Quite a number of
reforms were voted on and accepted
while the dogma of infallibility
which gave rise to much heated de-
bate. and which was violently op-
posed by number of the foreign
mandinG figures of the church as
Cardinal Prince Schwarzenberg of
Prague, Cardinal Darboy, Archbishop
OF Paris, Bishop Dupanloup of Or
Louis and the English Cardinal New
man, was finally passed on the very
day before the declaration of the
war of 1870, by vote of 535 against
2, opposing. and nearly $50 not voting
Immediately afterward the war broke
out and the council was not dismissed,
but merely adjoined and prorogued
until an indefinite date.
x * y +
Subsequently, all the bishops and
prelates who had opposed the dogma
of infallfbility in the council gave
their adhesion thereto. But owing to
the adjournment of the council, il
failed to define the utterances. and
the pronouncements of the pontiff
which are to be regarded as invested
with infallibility. The only indica-
,tion that is furnished thereof is con-
tanned in the declaration that his pro-
nouncements are endowed with in
fallibility when he speaks EEK cathe-
dra, and in virtue of his supreme
apostolic authority, and in the exer-
else of his doctrinal office" That is
a matter which remains to be dealt
with probably by the next ecumen-
ical council two years hence. Mean
while the possibility of any arbitrary
pronouncement on the part of the
supreme pontiff, invested with infalli-
bility by the dogma of 1870. is safe
guarded by the fact that it would be
subjected to ele previous discussion
and approval of the college of car
dinals, which is the senate of the
church, and the Endorsement by the
vote of an ecumenical council. which
is its international parliament. No
vote Of the ecumenical council no
matter how unanimous: no decision of
the college of cardinals. can be con-
sidered as having any binding or
legal value until approved of, signed
and promulgated by the Pope, who. as
shown above. would hesitate to issue
any decree as invested with infaili-
bility- unless he received the pre-
vious approval of the majority of the
votes, both of the sacred college and
of the ecumenical council
II Plus NJ is summoning another
year" in 1925, 1t is because he wishes.
like his predecessor and namesake.
Plus TX, to bring the Roman Catholic
Church in closer and broader COM
munion with it's hierarchy, its clergy
and its near So0,oo0,oo0 adherents.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
MANUFACTURERS DEMAND
i TAX BURDEN BE SLASHED
Also Organize for Fight on Bonus, Re
strictions on immigration and Legis-
iative Moratorium for Railroads.

fought the bonus long and success
fully. when II appeared In the last
Congress. It's attitude Is unchanged.
Bonus Seen as Loss.
THE man who supports the bonus
as proposed" reads the letter, pre-
sumably in reference to the member
Of Congress who supports the idea,
, risks permanent loss for small and
questionable temporary gain.
we urge the imperative. impor
tance OF presenting this subject to
your representatives and throughout
your communities in order that there
may be clear, popular understanding
of, the moral and economic issues in
volved in this unfortunate effort to
| add staggering burden to our in
dustrial life in the most delicate period
of, economic readjustment."
The council foresees IAN attempt
to cut the present drastic per cent
immigration law to a 2 per cent law"
This the council urges the manufac-
turers throughout the country to op-
pose. In support of its proposals 1t
says:
the condition would place the con-
troll of the situation in the hands of
| the government, SO that neither the
employer could induce an unneces-
sary supply nor could artificial COM
binations keep 1t below the demon
strated public need"
Sees Railroad Trouble.
With respect to the railroads, the
council feels that 1T Is apparent that
a radical attack Is to be made upon
the existing transportation act. The
act is by no means perfect, but it
| must be apparent that continued agi-
tation and uncertainty as to the con-
ditions under which the transporta
| tion service Of the country is to be
rendered will be a demoralizing in
fluence upon the conduct of business.
The railroads and the business of
the country are sadly in need of
Legislative moratorium"
Governmental expenditures, the
council points out, have reached a
stage where every thirty eight peo-
pie engaged in earning their living
are supporting two public employees.
Every Sixth Dollar Is Tax.
The more we ask government to
| do" the letter continues, the more
| we must give 1t the means with
! a point where one dollar out of
| every six of our net income must go
| into the public Treasury. Does not
, that make the whole subject of taxa
ton one which you must take up
with your representative before he
returns to participate in a Congress
| In which new and additional tax bur-
dens are to be urged?"
! The councils recommendations have
| been sent to the state associations of
manufacturers in forty states. These
| associations average about 500 men,
bers each. Each member, in order
to obtain membership. must be an
| actual manufacturer. 1t is estimated
| that these associations, which form,
| through their officers, the councils
| advisory board, contain in their
membership 20 per cent of all the
| manufacturers, of whatever line, in
the country.
Evening star., 1923-07-08
Testing Machine of 100000
Pounds Capacity Owned by U. S.

The most complete composite
| manufacturing plant in the world.
where the manufacturing processes
of cement. leather. rubber, paper and
textiles are duplicated on an expert
mental scale, is now being operated
by Uncle Sam in the bureau of stand
ards. In this plant also tests of
the most practical character are
made on the finished product during
the investigation of the design. fab
rication, uses and properties of
rials. such as metal. wood and con-
crete structural shapes. cement,
stone, lime, gypsum, etc.
Included in this equipment is the
largest testing machine in the world.
which the bureau of standards has
been called upon to use only once to
jority of columns or fabricated units
now in service seldom withstand a
load of more than 100000 pounds.
This particular. machine has a crush
ing capacity of 100000 pounds
Another has a compression capacity
of 2.30O. 900 pounds and a capacity in
tension of one-half this figure.
Machines Specially Made.
Some of the machinery is specially
designed for studies of such mate
rials as steel cables. manila rope,
brick walls and columns, concrete
and gypsum blocks. etc.
With such machines it is possible
to determine not only the strength
Of the materials entering into a steel
or concrete column, for instance, but
also the strength and reformation
under different loads of the COM
pleted column as well.
This work Is of great interest and
value to manufacturers. especially Of
the various commodities concerned
Every line of work thus undertaken
has it's own particular advisory COM
mittee, composed of representatives
of the manufacturers In the field Of
industry which 1t affects.
These representatives meet at the
bureau Of standards at frequent inter-
walls and discuss the progress Of the