davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-09-17
The Fundamental Law.

One hundred and thirty-six years
ago today the constitutional conven-
ton adjourned its sessions In Philadel-
phia which had begun on the I'd Of
June, 1887. During those 100 days
these two score delegates from the
different states debated the question
Of framing fundamental law for the
government of the new republic. 1t
was necessary to establish federal
administration upon definite and
practical basis. The articles Of con-
federation had proved failure. The
great experiment in self-government
was at crisis. 7 was a most difficult
task that these delegates undertook,
and the product Of their deliberation
was a compromise. Extremely. oppo-
site. views had to be met and adjusted.
Widely divergent theories Of govern
ment had to be brought into harmony.
But through the wisdom and patience
and skill OF those who led in that
great debate. a result was achieved
that stands as one Of the highest
achievements Of man, an instrument
of government which has stood tho
test of nearly fourteen decades.
This week is now being marked
throughout the country by observ-
ances appropriate to the anniversary
of the Constitution. BY public exer-
cises and ceremonies the fact is being
brought home to the people Of the
country that the Constitution still
lives in virtually the form Of its adop-
ton 1876 years ago by the Philadelphia
convention.
President Coolidge has stated in a
letter written for this occasion that
the Constitution Is not self perpetual
ing. It must be sustained by the sup
port Of the people. If it is disregarded
it fails. Enforcement of the Constitu-
ton depends upon the regard Of the
country for the fundamental law. If
the Constitution Is nullifled in any
one particular It may be nullifled in
others. Disregard Of the regularly es-
tablished methods OF change, modifi-
cation by neglect, annulment by un-
punished lawlessness are revolution
ary reactions. So far in the course Of
the 1856 years the Constitution has
withstood such moves for irregular
amendment or notification, and there
is no reason to look for any departure
in the future from this course Of law
observance and support Of the basic
principles Of government.
Public welfare demands the fullest
understanding by all the people of not
only the provisions but the meaning
of the Constitution. 1t is the purpose
Of those who have promoted this coun-
try-wide observance of the anniver-
sary to carry forward the study of the
Constitution so that it will be appre-
ciated by all citizens, and by the
young who will form the next genera
tion of citizens.
It Is essential that the nature of
this government, as expressed in the
work of the convention of 1887, should
be understood by all who come from
other lands to find opportunity here.
The Constitution is the most impor-
tant OF all the texts in the "Ameri-
canization" schools in which these
newcomers and their children are
fought the fundamentals OF citizen
ship.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
Can Europe Hold Together?
nd Deflation. Twin Brothers i'm Crime
BY JOHN #. SINCLAIR

Or. Adolph Heller is one of the
great physicians of Vienna. He was
born In America. His family lived in
st. Louis. In 1912 his father died and
left him $4,000. which was sent TO
him in Vienna. He was a careful.
prudent man. He deposited the
$4,000 in @ savings bank In Vienna
and received 3 per cent interest an
nually. I met DR.. Heller in Vienna a
few weeks ago. He had not taken a
dollar, either principal or interest,
from the original fund. He was hop
ing for an old age free OF worry.
Then we figured up what his $4,000
was worth in the summer OF 1923. It
came to exactly 1915. The money
has quietly slipped away-disap-
peared--and DR.. Helfer found himself
holding an empty sack. That is what
imitation does.
Mr.. Jonas Leid Is president of the
North Germania Fire Insurance Com
pany of Berlin. ! called on him in
the summer OF 1923 to find out why
the German insurance companies
were not getting along well. He had
been thirty years in the business. He
took me to the window of his Office.
DO you see that business block over
there?' he said. I'm 1913 our COM
building. payable In ten years at per
cent annual interest. At that time
the building and grounds were worth
$l,200,000. We thought it a choice
loan. A few days ago the loan was
paid off. Our 100000 had shrunk to
just sl2. Perhaps that will help you
see the difficulties we are working
under"
1t was just another tombstone
among the millions now IN the grave
yard OF imitation.
Imitation In a nation is caused when
government credit comes from any
other source than from the savings
of the investor. So rise of prices
during a war is caused by the de-
mands of the government and the in
creased supply of credit currency.
Imitation results from a lowering Of
the ratio of the volume OF goods to
the volume of money If the volume
of money in circulation increases
more rapidly than the volume of
goods produced, prices are bound to
rise. This has always been true and
il has been known for hundreds of
years.
In the preceding article we saw
how imitation debaucned the currency
and broke the machinery for inter-
national trade. While imitation al
ways means higher prices il also
means lower real wages. This lag
OF wages behind prices makes prof.
iteering possible. When profits are
made at the expense. OF wages II
means that the laborer bears the
blunt OF the war and the war prof
iteer clinches his gains by investing
them In war loans. preferably tax
exempt securities. The real contribu-
tion made by the workers of q nation
in q war does not show itself pri-
marily in the amount of liberty loans
which they purchase, but in the
amount by which wages lag behind
prices. The burden OF a modern war
therefore falls upon a class least able
to bear II Income Is shifted from
the hard-working. thrifty wage own
er to the careless profiteer. Imitation
Evening star., 1923-09-17

small ones freely scattered through
the District, or larger ones In central
positions. The tendency is toward the
larger schoolhouse as more economi.
cally administered.
Many OF the older buildings Of
Washington are out Of date. lily adapt
ed to school work. in some cases bare
ly sanitary. They are badly located,
with inadequate play spaces. some Of
them wholly lacking in recreation
ground, the children being forced to
take their exercise in the traffic
crowded streets.
The subject of a general survey Of
school needs is perennially advanced;
tentative inquiries have been conduct.
ed and some broad plans proposed.
But always there comes the check be-
tween intention and action, and from
Congress to Congress this subject is
postponed. At the last Congress a
joint committee went into the subject
Of the school needs, both physical and
legislative, and tentative report was
It is possible to take up the subject
afresh at the coming Congress with
the work of the former committee, re-
garded as unfinished business"
though the authority for the inquiry
must be given anew. But, with no
assurance Of better results next time,
hope is not high that definite relief
will be granted by the adoption Of a
comprehensive building program that
will annually care for the current in
creases and materially reduce the ar
rears.
Still there is always an expectation
that Congress in its capacity as the
legislature of the District will even-
tually make this necessary provision
for public education at the seat Of
government.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
''Courting'' Costs More
Than i'm ssGOOd Old Days':

It costs more to get the girl now
than II did in the good old days"
The cost of "cohrting" has arisen in
common with all other necessities,
and today the man who seeks a maid
for life partner must face the alter
native of spending a lot of money or
having trouble in making the deal.
/ Once the cost of courting was insig-
nificant- A few dollars spent in
buggy rides. box of candy now and
then. (and candy in those days did
not cost a dollar a pound), an occa-
sional glass of soda water of the
foamy kind, and some lemonade at
the community picnic generally suf-
feed to bring the matrimonial deal to
the point 'rhere a $40 ring would be
the only thing lacking.
The girl of today who would let
herself be courted and won on a S25
expenditure would be an object of
pity to her sister flappers. The fig
ure now would run into the hundreds
and then the girl would be counted
q bargain IL the youth was sufficiently
in love to throw economy to the
winds.-hnniston Star.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
Martial Law in Oklahoma.

The issue between constitutional
government and the Ku Klux Klan
has been Joined in Oklahoma, and we
shall see whether a state is to be ruled
by its duly elected officers or by or
sanized mobs, masked and hooded.
We shall see whether laws for the
protection of persons and property
are to be enforced by men chosen for
that purpose in conformity with the
constitution of state or by disguised
and irresponsible men.
Several days ago the Governor Of
Oklahoma warned that he would call
out the militia and put under martial
law those parts Of the state where the
Klan, in mask, hood and gown. should
attempt to hold public meetings or
parades. The chief of the Klan in
Oklahoma seemed to bow ungracious-
ly to the decision, and other klansmen
said that they would lay aside the
''regalia" and bide their time till next
election to settle their score against
the governor.
The warning of the governor was
not needed, and 1t has been necessary
TO call out the National Guard and put
the state under martial. law. Troops
have been posted in many places, the
sale of firearms and ammunition has
been prohibited, deadly weapons may
be carried only under permit from
military authorities and public as
semblies and the publication of ar
ticles tending to incite mob violence
are prohibited.
Gov. Walton says: THE power Of
this criminal organization must be de-
stroyed." Based on testimony taken
by military court he says that hun
dreds OF men, and even women, have
been severely beaten, and that the Ku
Klux Klan is responsible. He further
says that '"The invisible empire has
usurped the powers Of the state gov
ernment," and that the organization
Is held in such fear that while as
many as $50 people have been present
at the fiogging of men and women no
mention Of the crime has been made
by the spectators or even by the local
newspapers.
1t is well to have the question set
tied, and to find out whether a state
can be ruled by assecret organization
whose aims seem to be criminal and
whose activities are surely provoca-
tive of disorder and crime. If the
state of Oklahoma cannot adequately
deal with the situation it is probable
that the national authority will be
called on by the governor.
There is no place in America for an
organization which would take the.
law into its own hands, and it is es-
pecially obnoxious when it seeks to
do this behind masks and at night.
The Klan claims to be patriotic and to
represent high national ideals, but
any body Of hoodlums and criminals
can make that claim. An organization
must be judged by it's works. The
charges made by the Governor OF
Oklahoma seem to condemn the Khan
II does not seem possible that the
executive Of O state would make the
charges without satisfactory evidence.
It is known that in several parts Of
the country the assemblies and process
sions of this order have led to dis
order.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC J. RAsKIN

Q. What six paintings in the Cor
coran Art Gallery make the strongest
appeal to visitors?-N. NJ. ".
A. The Corcoran Art Gallery says
that among those making a strong
appeal to the general public are "The
Helping Hand" by Emile Renouf;
Lost Dogs" by Otto Won Thoren;
Charlotte Corday in Prison." by
Charles Louis Muller; Interior of a.
Cottage" by Jozef IsraeIs; MAY
Night" by Willard L. MetcaIf; loan
OF Arc" by Jean Jacques Henner.
O. Does the Japanese word maru
mean ship OF steamship7-O. D.
A. The Japanese embassy says that
maru means steamship. It is OBJ
viously incorrect to speak OF the
steamship Tatsu Maru."
O. Who was the frs, President ,vbo
was q citizen of the United States by
birth?-U. D. Y. -
A. President Tyler was the first
President of the United States who
was not born a British subject II is
an interesting fact that this tech
nicaily first American President was
a member Of the Confederate conpr.ss
$500 $1,000 - AAAO 1O"Shs
Q. Is II true that more laborers left
the United States last year than were
received here as immigrants?-O. N.
A. During the year 1922 32,73s Ia.
borers were admitted to the United
States. while 100,05S laborers left the
United States.
Q. Is Mexico engaged in any rec
lamation projects?-E. NJ.
A. According to ]. w Kelly, in the
great Yaqui valley, there is S15,-
100000 irrigation project under way.
Mexico also has a $20.0O0,0 900 railway
project in progress between Tepic
md Guadalajara, and at Juarez, the
government Is constructing a million
dollar customhouse and post Office.
@. What are the sources of the pri-
yate fortune Of the ex-emperor OF
Gerrnany?-G. r.
A Kur Heinig OF the majority So
rialf5t body made a report estimating
the private fortune of the ex-emperor
to be over S12,000.0ee, from the fol-
lowing sources: Stock market dealing,
Investments in the Hamhurg-Amer-
lean steamship line and German Elec-
tric Company. personal loans TO the
Krupps. over 100000 in mortgages
IN Berlin homes. SOC, 600, 900 marks in
German war bonds. the income from
HIlEeh estdleb, pro0uct1On OF 100000
Iuarts of brandy for public sale
yearly. -
Q. What is the new fruit that is a
ross between peach and some nut?
C. c. II.
A. The peachmond is a new fruit
eported from Mexico as a hybrid be-
ween the peach and almond
-
Q. Of what does the northwest
erFitory" of Canada consist?- l.
l.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

fs an unrecognized form of taxation"
which falls upon those with fixed In
is an income tax on the salaried class,
and a capital levy tax on the bond
owner and the savings bank deposit
tor. And while imitation does increase
prices and stimulate production and
reduce consumption by cutting real
wages, II Is after all a gigantic gov
ernment swindle--a deliberate theft
for IL cold bloodedly takes the earn
ings and wealth from one class and
gives it to another. 1t picks the
pocket of the creditor class and hands
the loot over to the debt-owing class
This FINANCIAL opium, given to a
weary and disillusioned people. can
only mean that nations debauch and
destruction. II can have no place
in any well ordered society, either in
peace or in war. II Is the very an
tithesis of national health. 1t is the
cruel and terrible messenger of So
cial death. Modern society must
destroy the institution Of imitation or
imitation will destroy modern society.
What has been said about imitation
applies with equal force to deffation.
It results in takins property from
the pocket of the creditor class. 1t
Is just the reverse OF imitation. After
disease has destroyed the right arm,
II is of no use to demand that the
left arm be also cut or. That is
exactly what the policy OF defation
means. When the increase in the
volume of goods becomes greater
than the increase Of money. prices de-
crease, depression sets in. unemploy-
ment grows and defiation results. In
a.
purchase goods with the more goods
to sell goods become cheap and
money dear. In particular after
great war, defiation favors the cred
itors of the state, those to whom the
state Is owing money on bonds at
the expense Of the taxpayer.
If the French government borrows
ten billions OF dollars on a per cent
basis, when the French franc is
worth one quarter of what II Will be
worth when the franc Is Debated. or
brought back to par, IL Is very clear
that the owners OF these government
bonds will be repaid more than they
lent 10 the government In terms of
goods. and the taxpayer, the debtor
in this case, will pay more to the
government than no should in terms
OF goods.
The money income OF individuals
falls under defiatfon, while the
amount which the creditor of the
state receives remains the same. It
Is seen, therefore, that the policy of
defiation is as ruinous and at the
same time as futile in restoring
health to q nation as that of its
vicious counterpart, imitation. Both
must go.
Organized society must soon make
the supreme choice. either to throw
forever into the discard these twin
brothers of social crime, imitation and
or face the inevitable break
down of modern industrial life as we
now understand IL.
Next: England's problem.
Copyright. 1923. in United States and Great
Britain by North American Newspaper Al
lance. All rights reseryed)
Evening star., 1923-09-17
SHOOTING STARS.
BIZ PHIr.ANDER JOHNSON.

Weather Prophecy.
Wen have O little thunder and well
have little rain.
Wen hear the window rattle as the
chilly winds complain,
Wen have little snowstorm with the
drifts so white and high,
And clouds above like ogres soaring
Summer from the sky.
Wen have little freezing that will
make us hug the fire,
While we view the lonely landscape
that we'd formerly admire.
Wen have little while of weary wait.
ing, day by day,
And then We'll have the Sunshine and
the Blossoming of May!
Evening star., 1923-09-17

In the event of universal disarma-
ment the prohibition authorities will
have no navy to assist them, and 1t
may be as we'll to get into early prac-
tice for meeting the conditions of a
beatiflc future.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

When people pay over a million dol
lars to see prize fight a doubt must
arise as to whether the public is really
as anxious to save its money as corre.;
spondents who sign themselves Tax
payer" and "Vox Populi' would have
US believe.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

So far the only positive guarantees
exchanged by Poincare and Streseman
are to the effect that the interchange
Of ideas will be conducted on strict
lines of diplomatic politeness.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

A. The total area of what was
known as the northwest territory
contained 773.o72,s $40 square miles. It
,hrs. Was a,ydded nyonIe,o 5aauary l. 1920. into
Mackensie and Kewaten. This last
district Is at present partly uncharf-
| ed and extends toward the north
POLE.
! Q. What is the size of the mothers
| such laws?-G. Z. G.
A. At the beginning of 1929 the
smallest pension paid to mothers In
single child was SO month"; month. and nHr the
highest s25 month. The pension al
lowed for each additional child also
| varies from IS to SIS month. Many
states fix maximum sum which a
| mother may receive, ranging from $40
| to $50.
Q. In playing vingt- with dice
at what number should one "stand"?
A II. L.
A. Only one die is used The die is
passed from player to player. each
throwing II as often as he pleasesa
unless he passes twenty-one. 1t Is
usually considered discreet to stand
at eighteen. The one getting nearest
twenty-one without passing beyond is
Q. Has there ever been race of
real giants in the world?-L+ B.
A. Legends and traditions that have
been handed down of giant races hav-
ing inhabited the earth in remote
and prehistoric times have been dis
counted by scientific Investigations.
Q. WAC gets the larger salary-the
Vice President or the mayor of New
York city?-E ID.
A. The Vice President receives Sl2,-
600 and the mayor Of New York city
$4,000. =
Q. Is the name teetotum newt. J.
l A. This toy Is very old. Originally
fit was used for games of chance, was
four-sided, and on one side bore the
letter T, standing for the Latin to-
| turn (alD, meaning take all the
stakes.
Q. Did. the American delegates ID
the conferences on limitation Of arnaY III,
nlent receive many letters from peo-
pie expressing opinions on the subject
OF armament?-G II.
A. The New Republic says that the
extent to which public opinion ex-
pressed itself to the American dele
gates was indicated by the 13.500.000
MESA ges received in Washington. A
Q. How many miners are there IN
the world?-P. J.
A. II is estimated that there are
about 6,9oo.o00 miners throughout the
world. 3.S00.000 OF these being coal
miners and others engaged in the
various other kinds of mining.
(Send your questions to The Star
Information Bureau, Frederic ]. Has
kin. director. 1920 North Capntoi
street. Inclose 2 cents in stamps for
return postage.)
Evening star., 1923-09-17

The widespread reputation of being
may have its influence on the wishes
Of soviet statesmen to remodel the
government Of the U. S. A.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Mussoiini is a fearless man, but also
a man Of intelligence, who may be ex-
pected to hesitate about trying to
handle all kinds Of trouble at once.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Friends of Gov. Pinchot regard a
vice presidential boom as enough to
start with at this early stage of the
Evening star., 1923-09-17
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
MARYLAND and Virginia,
All Other States.
Member of the Associated Press,

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled
20 the for republicaliop Of ali news dis
patches credited TO 1t or not otherwise credited
% this paper anG alec tis local news pub
ushed herein. All rights Of publication Of
special dispatches herein are also reserved
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Germany has many good proverbs,
but advice about not taking bad money
was not sufficiently emphasized.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Dempsey and Firpo cannot both be
champions. But they can both refer
to their profits as evidence that they
are successful business men.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

It iss time for some one to confront
the problems of the nation and at
tempt to solve them without thought
Of How does IL affect me-"
SENATOR JAMES COUZENS.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

The convuisions of central Europe
and the conditions of internal politics
cause me to say that France will have
a king within two years
CHARLES MAURRAS.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
Economic Peril.

Dancing masters are going to bring
back the old-fashioned waltz"
"I'd hate to see It happen" replied
Miss Cayenne. There is enough un.
employment without throwing a null
titude Of jazz musicians out Of work. %
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Education 10 but the mirror of the
time. Its power is limited TO the
mere incorporation OF the desires OF
its generation.
Pres. MacCRAcREN (vassar).
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Resistance in the Ruhr Is only adj
visable so long as tt Is compatible
with the interests of Germany's
-CHANCEIIoR CHINO.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

The worse curse OF England is
snobbery. which means always being
afraid Of what somebody else might
COZ. J. c. wEpGwooD. n. P.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
'tHappy As a King"

AAHppy khb . kAIuRa
"r am as happy as king"
We heard q cynic caroling.
"By various cares am perplexed.
] don't know what will happen next.
! try to do my very best.
But critics interrupt my rest.
AS happy as a king no doubt,
You'll all admit I'm Just about"
Evening star., 1923-09-17
In a Few Words.

AS Britisher, don't like my ma
tion being snubbed out of Europe. A
nation which depends upon credit
cannot afford to be discredited in the
world. LLOYD GEORGE.
Evening star., 1923-09-17
The TaIkatiye Dollar,

II want to give something to your
campaign fund.-" remarked Mr.. Dus-
tin Stax.
81 can't permit such a thing" ex-
claimed Senator Sorghum. Money
talks, and unless you watch 1t closely
it's liable to start a campaign scan
dal."
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Germany is really very rich. Her
financiers have created q fake bank.
rupt situation hoping for leniency
from her creditors
w. CRITTENDEN ADAMS
Evening star., 1923-09-17
Superficial nemonstratinn.

"Your boy Josh seems to have taken
a sudden interest In running the
farm"
Don't pay no 'tention to him."
whispered Farmer Corntossel. ''His
mothers ambitious for him to go into
politics. He's only tryin' to fool the
public
Profanity shows a lack Of cour-
age" said Uncle Eben. "a man
wouldn't dare talk de way he does to
mule if de mule could. understand
EN-
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Jud Tunkins says the way to boost
your home town is to show the world
that it's making an honest citizen of
you.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Q. Is the name teetotum new2--J. J.
A. This toy Is very old. Originally
lit was used for games of chance, was
four-sided, and on one side bore the
letter T, standing for the Latin to-
tum (alD, meaning take all the
stakes.
Evening star., 1923-09-17

Q. Did the American delegates a
the conferences on limitation of arnaR-
ment receive many letters from peo-
pie expr essing opinions on the subject
Of armament?-G H