davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
POTATO GROWERS HARD HIT
Plan to Decrease Acreage, Increase
Storage Facilities and Seek
New Markets.

Potato growers in the Middle West
lost money on their crop last year
and are planning to make few
changes that will help to avoid this
condition. Michigan, Kansas, North
Dakota, Nebraska and Minnesota
raised approximately 100GoO,o00 BUSH
els Decreasing the acreage, increas-
ing storage facilities, seaaPhing for
new markets and working out better
marketing plans are ways now being
considered by those growers who lost
money on the last potato crop.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
VEGETABLE GARDENS
OF BIG IMPORTANCE
Home Table Not Supplied With
Pleasing Variety.
Condition Resulted From Shortage OF
Labor and From Erroneous Idea of
Some Short-Sighted Farmers
That 1t Don't Pay.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
There has been a marked tendency
on the part of farmers recently to
neglect their vegetable gardens and as
a result the home table has not been
so well supplied with a variety Of
food as formerly, says the United
States Department of Agriculture.
This condition has resulted partially
from a shortage of farm labor, but
more particularly from an idea that
has crept into the minds of farmers
that the garden does not pay. There
is no basis for the argument that the
farm crops. take all the time and there
is no opportunity to work a garden be-
cause production of many farm crops
is now overdone and there is little
sale for the surplus. Potatoes and
cabbage were very plentiful during
the latter part of 1922, but potatoes
and cabbage are largely farm crop
and have been produced in excess Of
the demand
The significant point in the whole
matter is that the farmers purchasing
power has from various causes been
curtailed and he needs to produce
more and more of his own living and
depend less upon the grocery store
and the meat market. Years ago every
farm home had it's full supply Of
home-cured meats, canned tomatoes,
dried beans and dried corn, fresh
ground meal from selected home
grown corn, and an abundance Of
fruits and vegetables both in summer
and winter. Today many farmers
seem to be so busy growing crops to
feed the world that they neglect their
own home table. Make the 1923 home
vegetable garden worth while, and
thereby both Increase the family liv-
ing and reserve its income for other
uses.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

with intentions of farmers the preced-
ing May is attributed to the decline in
hog prices, increased corn prices, in
creased losses from hog cholera and
other diseases, and to the publicity
given the results of the spring pig
survey made by the Department Of
Agriculture. Losses from hog cholera
and other diseases in the II corn belt
states for the year show an increase
of 22.6 per cent over losses in 1921.
Replies to Questionnaires.
The department received for this re-
port more than 100000 replies to
missionaries distributed and gath
cred by rural mail carriers in all sec
lions of the United States where pigs
are produced for market. The survey
is but the second of its kind that has
been made and there has not yet been
opportunity to check any differences
that may exist between the figures
shown for the farms reporting and
however, that the forecast made last
spring Of an increase of 145 per cent
in the number of spring pigs over the
preceding year is being borne out by
the increased, volume OF receipts at
the principal stockyards during the
past three months. The surveys also
show that the production Of fall pigs
in proportion to spring pigs has in
creased materially during the past two
years, thus making for more stabi-
lized supply of pigs throughout the
year.
Prices Advanced.
The department points out that In
creased production does not necessari-
ly mean an over-supply or decline in
prices. Total receipts of hogs at all
public stockyards during the first IL
months of 1922 were 5 per cent more
than in 1921. During the last four
months of 1922 the increase totaled
nearly 20 per cent. The number of
hogs slaughtered under federal in
spection during che same period was
TT per cent more than in 1921 and the
cold storage holdings of pork and lard
resulting from this slaughter shows an
increase Of 461, 246,e 900 pounds for the
il months. Despite these increases
cold storage holdings of pork and lard
averaged considerably less than dur
ing 1921, and prices showed a sub
stantial advance over 1921. The de.
partment's explanation for this situa-
ton is that improved Industrial and
economic conditions resulted in an in
creased consumptive demand and a
much freer, current movement of pork
and lard into trade channels.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
The number of sowS bred to farrow
during the first six months of 1928 will
be IS pei. cent more than the number of
sows which actually narrowed in the
spring of 1922, provided farmers carry
out their intentions as Indicated in the
December /, 1922, pig. survey made by
the United States Department of Agri-
culture. For the IL corn belt states
the survey shows an intention to breed
1916 per cent more sows than a year
ago. Most of the southern states show
an actual decrease in prospect for
1923.
Increase in Corn Belt.
The probable increase in farroWings
in the spring of 1928 over 1922 COM
pares with an increase of 22.8 per cent
in the spring of 1922 over 1921 in the
IL corn belt states. The spring pig
crop OF. 1922 in the southern states was
about the same as in 1921. Compare
sons for other states are not available.
Whether or not the expressed in
tentions of farmers with regard to the
number of sows to be bred to farrow
next spring will be carried out will
depend largely on the relative prices
of hogs and corn, the department
says.
An actual increase of Is per cent in
the number of spring pigs in 1922 over
1921 is shown in the December survey
as compared with the estimated in
crease of 145 per cent shown in the
May survey. The number of pigs
saved per litter up to July 1, 1922, in
the corn belt states is placed at 5.8 as
compared with ST saved up to May /.
This increase in number of pigs saved
accounts for the revised estimate in
the number Of spring pigs in 1922, the
department says.
The number Of filters narrowed in
Che United States in the fall OF 1917
shows an incre,lse Of 1876 per cent
over the fall of 1921. An increase Of
27.8 per cent rs shown for the IL corn
belt states as compared with an in
tended increase in these states of 49
per cent in the number of sows to be
bred for fall narrowing, as reported
last May. The survey shows that in
the corn belt states 81 pigs per litter
were saved in the fall of 1922 as COM
pared with SO pigs saved from the
1921 fall filters. For the entire United
States a saving of 81 pigs per litter
In, the fall of 1922 as compared with 8
pigs per litter in 1921 Is shown.
The decrease In actual number Of
pigs produced last fall as compared
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
TREATMENT FOR SMUT
WILL IMPROVE YIELD
Limited Tests Show Mercury Can
Be Used Successfully.
Compounds Have Been Used in Ger
many Since 1912 and Are RepIac-
ing to Considerable Extent
FormaIdehyde and Copper.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
Limited tests made in preliminary
way by cereal investigators OF the
United States Department Of Agricul-
ture show that certain organic COM
pounds Of mercury can be used sue
cessfully to control the seed-borne
smut diseases of small grains, and that
the seed not only is safe from injury
apparently, but in some cases actually
is stimulated. Plots of barley grown
on the experimental farm from treated
seed have shown a remarkable in
crease in yield over those grown from
untreated seed or from seed treated
with formaldehyde or copper sulphate-
lime.
Organic mercury compounds have
been used in Germany since 1912 and
are replacing to a considerable extent
the old for1naldehyde and copper sui
phate-lime methods for the control OF
seed-borne diseases. They are known
under such trade names as "Uspulun"
anu Ol1O1ulNelA
in the United States are putting out
similar compounds Of mercury in small
lots for experimental purposes under
such names as "Chlorophol," "Seme-
SAM and Corona" compounds Some
Is Of these commercial compounds
have been tested by the department,
and the ones mentioned have given ex-
cellent results in the experiments.
They have not been tried sufficiently
under various local conditions, how
ever, to permit a general recommends
ton as yet.
If further tests substantiate the
good results already secured from this
method of seed treatment and no I'M
foreseen difficulties develop, the use
Of treatments of this type may replace
some of the present methods, especial
~ for the control of barley and oat
smuts but so far they must be re-
garded as being in the experimental
stage. While the method of applica-
ton promises to be simple, the cost
probably viii be as great if not greater
than present methods.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
CAREFULLYPACK
EGGS FOR TRADE
Much of Big Annual Loss Can Be
Prevented If Little Precau-
ton Is Observed.
RENAL SECOND HAND CASES
Good Stiff Filters Should Be, Used
With Sufficient Packing at Top
and Bottom and Between lay
ers to Prevent Breaking.

Tremendous losses occur annually
due to the breakage of eggs on their
way to market. Much of this loss
can be prevented if the eggs are packed
more carefully before they are shipped.
If the poultryman uses a second
hand case, it is necessary to renal it,
no matter how good and sound it may
appear. Any loose pieces should be
made solid and the bottom securely
nailed. By the driving of few nails
the crate is put in perfect condition.
Use Stiff Filters.
After the crate is ready the filters
should be inspected, and only good
stiff filters used, with sufficient pack
ing at bottom, top and between layers
Of eggs to prevent Earring and break
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
VALUE OF ORDINARY slLAGE
Ton Is Equivalent to About Four
Bushels of Corn Plus Tenth of
Ton of Good Hay.

One rough and ready rule which is
not very far wrong with ordinary
silage under conditions as they now
prevail, is to figure that 1t has value
per ton equivalent to about four BUSH
els of corn plus one-tenth of a ton
of good quality hay. Still another
rule which applies fairly well with
ordinary silage yielding ten tons per
acre, and made out Of corn running
fifty bushels per acre is to figure
that ton has a value equivalent to
five bushels of com plus $1.20. Using
this latter rule and figuring corn at
SO cents bushel we find that silage
would be given a value of $50 ton.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
CONDENSED PRUNING RULES
Trim FaII-set Trees Early in Spring
Before Buds Swell-LoW Heads
Are Most Favored.

Someone has given the following
general. condensed rules for pruning
of young trees "Prune fall-set trees
early in the spring, before the buds
swell; prune spring-set trees as soon
as planted. Cut out entirely all weak,
broken or bruised limbs, keeping the
head properly balanced; then shorten
the remaining shoots to three or four
buds at the base Do not shorten
cherry trees. When planting peach
trees, cut off all limbs, leaving stick,
and cut this back to IS to "a inches
from the ground. Head the tree right
when you plant it. Low heads are
best"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

In Utah more than 125,0O0 people
co-operated in a statewide rat cam
paign, working largely through the
schools. There were distributed $4,000
farmers bulletins on rats, $4,000 cir
culars giving directions for trapping,
and 10000 circulars containing specific
instructions on methods of control:
5000 students received special demon
STATIONS, 1000 posters were made in
the schools, 10000 essays were written
on the subject, 10000 educational
questionnaires we're circulated, and L.
25O pounds of barium carbonate were
used in poisoned bats. Iowa carried
on a similar campaign. Great numbers
of rats were destroyed and many
buildings were rat-proofed as a result.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

Then hold a lighted match several
inches below thermostat. The disc
over the lamp should raise quickly.)
OBJ See that disc is hanging evenly
over the vent in lamp.
8. Thermometer:
(a) Test incubator. thermometer
against a standard clinical thermom-
eter from 95 degrees to 105 degrees f.
Place thermometers side by side in
egg. chamber with bulbs on some level.
Note any variation.
(b) See that thermometer is pro
vided with suitable stand or hanging
device if either Of these are to be
used.
4. Lamp and Lamp Box:
(a) Clean out all SCOT from lamp
box and fues. This is important as
SCOT may drop upon flame, causing
'smoke up" later.
(b) Pour out kerosene (if any in
lamp and refill three-quarter full In
order to allow for expansion of oil if
1t becomes heated.
(c) Examine burner and If not in
good condition replace with new. A
dirty burner may be cleaned by boil
ing in water containing some baking
soda or washing powder.
(d) Put in new wick. A soggy or
dirty wick may be cleaned as above.
(e) Clean lamp chimney and see
that it fits on burner
(f) Adjust seat OF lamp so chimney
fits properly in flue.
Cd Wipe off all oil or grease from
lamp.
Level the machine to secure proper
distribution of heat. II a carpenters
lever is not available, one can be de
vised by filing a long glass bottle
with water, leaving only small bub-
ble.-O. G. Ufford, in Colorado Exten-
sion Bulletin 186-A, on Principles of
Incubator Operation"
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
SORT VEGETABLES In STORE
1t often Pays to Remove Those That
Have Started to Decay Except
Sweet Potatoes.

Warming the storage bin where
sweet potatoes are kept will help to
check rot. It often pays to sort vege-
tables in storage to remove those that
have started to decay, but if sweet po.
tatoes are rotting in the bin culling
is not advisable, because it is diff
cult to handle the tubers without
bruising and breaking the skin, which
allows black rot germs to enter.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
PROPER PLANTO
TEST INCUBATOR
1t Often Happens That an Old
Machine Needs a Good Over
hauling Before Used.
CLEAN WITH SOAP and WATER
Be Careful to See that Thermostat
Is In Working Order and Provide
Suitable Stand for Thermometers
Wipe Off Grease.

Often the incubator to be used is an
old machine and needs a general over
hauling before it is operated. The fol
lowing directions will be a guide in
this respect:
/. Body:
(a) Clean thoroughly with soap and
water;
(b) Disinfect interior;
(c) Examine tray and replace with
a new bottom if necessary;
(d) Dust diaphragms, recover if nee
,essary;
te) Clean sand trays and supply
with fresh sand.
2. Regulatory Device;
(a) Test thermostat and see that all
parts are working freely. (Screw nut
until nearly all the play is taken up.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
PUREBRED BULL OF QUALITY
Average Production of American Cow
Is Way Below That of Many
Other Countries.

The average production of milk Of
the dairy cow in the United States is
1927 pounds; Denmark, $500 pounds;
Switzerland, $3.50 pounds; Neither
lands, 1856 pounds. What possibility
there is for the dairy farmer of the
United States. The purebred sire Of
first quality is the surest start on the
way to these obtainable better goals.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
SYMMETRICAL HEAD OF TREE
In Pruning Aim to Remove Super
fIuous Shoots to Prevent Any
Waste of Vitality.

The pruning of fruit trees is to
accomplish four things. 1t should be
done in such a manner that there is
an even flow of sap to all parts. Su-
perAuous shoots should be removed
70 prevent waste of vitality in sup
nlving such shoots with sap. Fruit
bearing is stimulated, but care must
ne taken that this stimulation is not
overdone. The fourth object is to
ReeD the head Of the tree symmetrical.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
BEST LOCATION FOR ORCHARD
Has Much to Do With Question as to
Whether Trees Should Be Trained
to open Heads,

The location of the orchard has
much to do in regard to whether or
not the trees should be trained to open
or closed heads. In a damp locality
where moss appears on the sides Of
hte trees, it is well to train to an open
head so that sunlight can be thrown
into the tops. In hot or dry localities,
or where the sun shines unusually
bright it is better to leave g close head
90 protect the fruit from the direct
rays Of the sun.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
PLANTER QUITE CONVENIENT
Particularly Adapted to Plants to Be
Forced Into SoiI-Depth Easily
Regulated.

The Scientific American, in illustrat-
ing and describing a planter, the in
vention of w. N. Denike Of 80 Carman
avenue, Winnipeg, Can, says:
The invention relates more particu-
larly to that class Of planters which
are manually operated and adapted to
be forced into the ground and to pro-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
DEVICE TO RESTRAIN SWINE
Apparatus Securely Holds Animals to
Be Operated Upon-May Be
Readily Adjusted.

The Scientific American in illustrat-
ing and describing a device for re-
straining pigs the invention of G.. Cor
tez of Los Angeles, Cal, says:
The invention relates to restrain
ing apparatus and operating table
especially adapted for use in connec-
ton with pigs. An object is to pro-
vide a restraining or holding appa-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
YARD AROUND DAIRY STABLE
Pavement of Concrete Will Prove Eff.
cient in Keeping Down Dust and
Insuring Drainaqs.

Paving the yard Immediately around
the dairy barn with concrete is one
of the most effective means of keeping
down dust and insuring perfect drain
age. On a concrete pavement dust
and litter can be swept away easily,
and muddy yards are banished.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
RATION FOR EGG PRODUCTION
Best Feed Is That Suited to Local
Conditlons-7repared Material
ls Economical.

In feeding for egg production, tho
economical feeder wishes to use the
grain he has. The best ration is the
ration that best suits the local condi-
lions. If one must buy all the feed,
then he will probably find the ready
prepared scratch feeds and mashes
as cheap as buying the varieties Of
grains and mixing his own. The az
ricultural colleges have worked out
rations which are practical for farm
docks.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
INSURANCE AGAINST DISEASE
Fresh Air and Sunshine Are Plentiful
and Should Be Admitted to
All Buildings.

Fresh air and sunshine are so plen-
tiflll that we should arrange to take
every possible advantage Of the dis
ease insurance and vitalizing influence
that they afford in the dairy barn, the
chicken coop, the hog house and the
home itself.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

ratus which may be employed for safe
ly holding a pig while being OPP
Grated upon. The device may be read
lily adjusted for use in connection with
pigs Of various sizes, and may be OPP
Grated entirely by one man. the opera
tor having free access to the animal.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
CARE FOR FARM IMPLEMENTS
Many Tools and Machines Are Con.
tinually Running Lower ard
Need Repairing.

Many implements on the farm are
continually running lower and need
repairing, just as an automobile needs
to be worked on occasionally to keep
it in running order. There is no bet.
ter time than the winter and early
spring months for this work.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

vide an opening therein in which the
seed, bulb or small plant may be in
serted. Another object is to provide
a planter with means for planting at
a uniform depth, and means for vary
ing and regulating the depth Of plant
ing.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

Fiber-Board Box Filled With Corfu
gated Pasteboard Lining and Fill
ers of Same Material-Each Egg
Has a Wrap.
ing. The best materials to use in
packing eggs are especially prepared
excelsior pads, which consist of sheets
Of excelsior about half-inch thick
wrapped in thin paper which holds the
excelsior in place, and makes it an
efficient packing material.
The poultry department Of the New
Jersey Agricultural experiment station
has tried the following method Of
packing market eggs with such good
results that it can be highly recon-
mended First, place an excelsior pad
In the bottom Of each compartment of
the crate. Directly upon this pad
place a filler and I'll with eggs as
usual, pa cking the eggs with the small
end down. IF no fiat Is placed over
the pads, the eggs will bed themselves
in the excelsior and ride safely. Three
layers should be packed as usual, al
ternately flat and filler, with an excel
sior pad instead of a fiat on top of
the third layer. Continue to fill the
crate, using filler, fiat and filler. On
the top use an excelsior pad with no
fiat. This method leaves only one lay
err the second from the bottom, with
out a cushion directly above and be-
low it and holds the contents firmly
in place.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08
Nail Cover at Ends.

Nail the cover at the ends Never
nail an egg cover in the center. Pack
SO that when the cover is nailed down
at the ends there viii be bulge in
the center. This means pressure
enough to hold the contents from jar
ring and breaking. It means nat
ural cushioning of the eggs in the ex-
celsior with which they come in con-
tact, thus giving the entire contents
a spr.nginess which insures safe trans
portation.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-03-08

toulouse Geese Are Largest Breed.
er than If they are taken away. The
period of incubation of goose eggs
varies from % to 30 days. Moisture
may be added after the first week by
sprinkling the eggs or the nests with
warm water. Goose eggs hatch slowly,
especially under hers, and the goslings
are usually removed as soon as
Matched and kept in warm place
until the Matching is completed.
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1923-09-20
ITALY, SERBIA IN SPLIT
Crisis Causes Grave Anxiety
Among Officials of Greek
Capital-Excitement High.

Athens-The crisis between Italy
and Serbia over the Fiume question Is
causing grave anxiety here where 1t
is looked upon as a possible menace
TO immediate adjustment OF the Greco
Italian situation. II is feared that in
the event of hostility. Italy will find
some prextext to continue the occu.
patton Of the island of Corfu, the evac.
uation of which seems to be the upper.
most factor in Greek circles.
Advices from Belgrade say the pop
ulace of the Jugo-Slavian capital is in
a state OF high excitement, and that
the government will follow step by
step every military move taken by
Italy.
The Albanians have closed their
Greek frontier. according to publish.
ed reports. and are arming all men
of military age in the eastern part Of
the country.