davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
LIME-MAKERS CANNOT MEET UNPRECEDENTED DEMAND FOR PRODUCT
Work Begins on New Lime stone Crushing Plant
 at CaIera

Work has begun on the new lime plant of the O'Neal's Lime works at Calera following the arrival of John c. Shaffer, of the Shaffer Engineer ing and Equipment company. who de- signed the mill and will superintend construction.
 All lime plants in the Calera neigh borhood and elsewhere on the Louis- vile and Nashville railroad are re- ported as swamped with orders and behind in deliveries owing to the unprecedented demand for lime and lime rock.
 The first construction of the new ONeal Lime works plant will be the stone crusherS, the company having u contract to supply thes crushed limestone rock that is to go on the 20 miles of state highway now un- der construction in Shelby county. The machinery is on the way and this installation will require only ten days to two weeks.
 The Gulf States Portland Cement company. which has works on the Warrior river at Demopolis, is ex- pected to take a large part of the limestone production of the plant.
 There never was such a demand for lime and lime rock in the history of the business" said an official ot the O'Neill Lime Works. Our pres ent plant is far behind Tn deliveries and we expect to operate it on full time until the new one is ready. The entire lime trade is extremely active and there is demand for more than the production.
 We ship into all adjacent states as well as into Alabama. There Will have to be a great increase in south- ern lime production before southern consuming capacity is even approxi- mated"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
RED VIOLENCE PLOT DISCLOSED AT TRIAL
 OF SYNDICAL LEADER
FIamboyant Appeals for Arm- ed Action and Demand
 for Bullets

ST. JOSEPH, MIcn., March 20.-(By Associated Press.) = Flamboyant ap- peals by communist writers for armed action, not armed phrases praise for the Herrin, H., miners who killed some 20 non-union miners and a call for "bullets-not ballots" fea- tured today's session of the trial of William z. Foster, charged with the criminal syndicalism.
 The state, with the assistance of its star witness, Francis Morrow, who as "K-97," department of jus tice agent, attended the communist convention in the hills near here last August as a delegate, put into the record speeches and writings of com munists in the country, and the en- tire theses and resolutions" of the Third World Congress of the Com munist Internationale held at Mos- COW in 1921.
 Fights Evidence.
 Frank P Walsh. chief counsel f. Foster, fought the introduction of every piece of evidence.
 Morrow's testimony delved into the
 
 summer. He testified Foster arrived Friday. August IS, and left Sunday, August 20, a few minutes after two other federal agents, Jacob Spolanski and Edward Shanahan, had been pry- ing about the grounds
 He testified Poster served on the presidume, the governing body of the communist gathering, that he was present when Arnold Losovski, of 1fz 1.A csyfn nt, leaders. presented reports and de- livered speeches and that Foster at tended other sessions.
 Report In Code.
 Morrow identified report. pre- sented to the court showing member ship conditions in the Fifth district, Chicago. where Foster, according to the evidence, was a paid official of the party. Part of the report was in code, and he produced what he said was the secret code of the communist party of America and translated the coded parts.
 o. L. Smith, assistant attorney gen. eral of Michigan, read to the jury an article in the Communist, by Robert Minor. a New York cartoonist, who Is member of the central executive committee of the communist party, praising the Herrin mob and advis- ing communities to come out of our haze of dream clouds" and get lon a working basis with these workers who don't talk about armed mass action but take their guns and close down scab mines and paralyze the state machinery by military action.
 Minor was expelled from France by the American army during the war when he was caught preaching sedi- ton to the American soldiers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
Court to Issue Bench War rant for CIarke's
 Arrest

ATLANTA, March 20.-A bench warrant for the arrest of Edward I Young Clarke, former imperial wiz ard pro tenn of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, will. be issued carly to-
 morrow by Federal District Attor- ney Clint Hager, it was announced
 st the federal building here late to- day.
 Clarke failed to appear in the
 United States district court here for trial early today on the charge of using the mails to defraud. The court ordered his bond. amounting to $500, forfeited.
 Civil action to recover the amount of the bond is to be taken at once. and 8 bench warrant for Clarke will be issued early tomorrow, court at taches said.
 sidney Smith, member of the firm of Westmoreland X Smith. attorneys for Clarke. late today disclaimed knowledge of the former klansmans 8 whereabouts. Mir. Smith told the , court that he thought he could pro- duce his client if continuance m the case until next week would be granted.
 Counsel for Clarke in a statement issued following the courts decision
 ordering the bond to be forfeited, said that continuance swas requested on two grounds: First, because George Westmoreland leading coun- sel was absent from the city; second,
 certificate was offered the court as to the condition of Clarke's health l The doctors certificate stated aX- plicitly that MT. Clarke was absent at the present time" said Mr. Smith, "by
 his direction and because of his eX
 ceedingly nervous and depleted con- dition."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
DEFICIENCIES NOTED
Admiral Jones Reports On Needs At
 Panama Canal

BOARD U. S. s. HENDERSON. BALBOA. March 20.-Deficiencies in both land and air defenses which have been disclosed by battle prac- tce were worked out here last month by the United States fleet. in con junction with the army forces, Sec retary Denby and his congressional party were told today by Admiral Jones. commander of the fleet, in an address aboard the U. S $. Hender- son
 The conclusions reached, said Ad- mral Jones, are that the Toboggan Island a the Pacific entrance of the canal should be fortified with 16-inch guns to prevent any fleet lombard ing Maraflores locks and thus blocking the canal. The necessity is to deny the enemy any base within striking distance of the canal.
 The present Qualifications on the Pacific are too closely grouped. the admiral said, to defend tue locks from sea attaal and air forces are insufficient to protect the Gatun spillway and other vital points from air raids. Destroyers are also needed as eyes for the fleet also defending the canal.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
Noted Editor Declares Ger
 many Not Willing to Pay for Entire Damage Done During War in France-BusineSs Men Unable to Offer Solution
POLITICAL WRITER SAYS PROBLEM NOT ECONOMIC
Pertinaux Points to Failure of Paris Bankers Farley. Declares That Terms Offer
 ed by Morgan Were Vague. Suggestions Are Inadequate
By PERTfNAx
Political Editor of the Echo de Par
 Special Dispatch to The Age-Hernls

Political Editor of the Echo de Paris Special Dispatch to The Age-Hernld) )
 PARIS, March 2O.--"why did you go into'the Ruhr?"
 We went into the Ruhr in order to compel Germany to pay our repara- tions bill. Now that we are in the Ruhr, we intend to use the hold we thus possess on Germany to make the security clauses of the Versailles peace treaty effective.
 Surely there were other methods by which France could have obtained her share of the reparations bill. MT \ Lloyd George referred the other day to the recommendation of the inter- national bankers last spring."
 T do not admit the correctness of MT. Lloyd Georges reference. The great mistake made by the bankers and before them by bankers and poli- ticians like MT. J. M. Keynes. was to ignore the fact that first of all the reparations problem Is a political one"
 We Americans deny that. We be- lieve ill d business solution of the problem.
 Not Business Question.
 No problem can be solved as a business question when one of it's fac tors is a vehement national feeling In our opinion the fundamental fact to be laced is that Germany does not want to pay a sum commensurate with the destruction she caused dur ing the war. All separations ar engagements that do not take that fun damental fact into account are bound to fail. as had been proved by the ex- perience of the last three years While we sat quietly by waiting for Germany to keep her promises. the Germans quietly invested German wealth abroad out of our reach, ol invested it at home in various kinds of industrial Improvements and ex- tensions of permanent value. Ol course, as result of that policy, the German middle class, all Germans liv- ing on a fixed income. were crushed
 But the German industrial leaders retained possession of their wealth German capital, as well as the eco homie values created by German labor, were not alienated to the for eigners. who won the war, but con tinued to form part of the nations assets. To counteract this policy
 (Contrnucd on Page Tw0.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
AMERICANS CARRY ALL FORMER KHAN OFFICER
 ISSUES BEFORE THEM ABSENT IN CASE HE IS AT COMMERCE MEETING CALLED IN ATLANTA
Abolition of Transportation Restrictions Favored by
 Business Delegates

ROME, March 2O.-tBy Associated Press. )-The American delegates carried all before them ill today's plenary sessions of the Interpational Chamber of Commerce, all the reso- lutions upon which they laid stress being unanimously approved.
 One of the resolutions maintained that mo nation is entitled to claim exclusive rights in connection with the international commerce or trans port of immigrants to or from other countries.
 Another American resolution de- manding the abolition of passports was adopted without debate. It pro- Sides that the abolition of passports had been achieved wherever possible by mutual agreement; second, tha. abolition of vises. except in very spe- cial cases, might well be agreed to by the various governments, and, third, that in cases where the wise is regarded as indispensable, the fees therefor should be reduced to mini mum and the period of validity be one year.
 A third American resolution, which also was undebated, urged improve ment of vehicular highways.
 The resolution favoring private operation of railways and the stand ardizing of stock was passed today by the committee was adopted.
 The delegates were the guests of the city this afternoon at q lunch
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
HOOVER OPENS FIGHT FOR RADIO CONTROL
Leaders In Industry Gather For Study Of Conditions

WASHINGTON, March 20.-Experts in the radio field and government officials concerned in it's extension met here today at the call of Secre- tary Hoover to consider various prob lems that have arisen, particularly with a view oelimnatihg interfer- ences in broadcasting to the public. After preliminary presentation or views by the government representa- tives, officials of radio associations, manufacturers and broadcasting sta tion operators, the conferees went into executive committee sessions for consideration of new scheme of al- locating bands oi wave lengths.
 Failure of the last Congress to enact regulatory Legislation, Secre- tary Hoover said at the outset of the conference. has made necessary vol untary co-operation and administra- tive assistance to establish control. The objective. he said, Is to guard against taking steps which would hinder the development of an infant science and extend the usefulness ot a service which, he said, already has enlisted 5SS broadcasting stations and perhaps as many as 2,500,00O private individual receiving stations.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
P|GGLY W|GGLY
 AKESST0CKS RAzZLEDAzzLE
New York Exchange in FIurry After Sensational Jump and Break Causing Or der to Prohibit Any
 Further Trading

NEW YORK, March 3o.--. iggly Wiggly chain store stock, which threw Wall street into furor Tues day by jumping from SIP to s120 a share and back again to SS2. may have jumped completely off the New York stock exchange.
 The exchange committee on buS- mess conduct, after feverish three hour session during which the ticker registered the violent plunging of the stock, has barred all trading in Piggly Wiggly until further notice. A Corner" the like of which has not been seen since the notorious manipulations of Stutz stock by AL Ian A. Ryan In 1920. is believed to have caused the sensational rise in the chain store securities. Rumors flew wild Tuesday night that one of the streets" most noted promoters had bought up most of the outstand- ing shares and had taken advantage of developments In the Piggly Wigg- ly company to squeeze" heavy short interest.
 Fortunes were made and lost as the stock climbed by leaps of from to points to it's peak of $l20, and then fell to within S10 of it's closing price the day before. One man who bought at SS5 sufficient shares to cover his short sales is reported to have lost s75,000 in the day. Others are believed to have been hit even harder, as the total transactions in Piggly Wiggly Tuesday reached the high total of 22,200 shares.
 O Q Q
 'Ripe, For Corner.
 Conditions were just right" for the corner. The stock, after. 1t was entered on the exchange at SAP last Ma, aI n number brokers sold short" in anticipation of speedy drop when they could buy back with profit.
 Failure of subsidiary concerns caused the stock to take the expected tumble. Further short sales fol- lowed. Then c. L. Saunders, of Mem phis, president of the company, called big issue of Piggly Wiggly. This caused still more short sales.
 But the board refused to weaken its old stock by floating new. so the climb began. Further, President Saunders came to New York recently with millions in gold to buy up out standing shares and force the bears out of cover; He succeeded Tn get, get, ting 50,000 shares, which he offered to the public at s55 q share on the installment plan.
 This brought leap to more than s70 on the exchange last week. and the exchange committee. suspectine a holding pool, called for report from all brokers holding Piggly Wiggly.
 The crisis came Tuesday wher Saunders ahnounced he would sell rc more shares. Bears realized they must buy at once the stock they had promised to deliver. and the bull market became a panic, intensified by the report that the company had called in 42,0Q0 shares of the re- maining floating supply of 10000.
 Operators heaved a sigh of relief when the stock slumped after reach ing $12O. It indicated that the cor- ner had not been complete, but was obviously engineered for one days trading only.
 Counsel for the Piggiy Wlggly concern concurred in he removal of the stock from the exchange list. at : least temporarily.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
Steel Corporation Report Shows Extensive Plant Im- provement and Building of
 New Plants in Connection
 With Alabama Subsidiaries
1923 ORDERS ALREADY EXCEED PLANT CAPACITY
Bar Mill and Steel Foundry
 at Fairfield Are Among
 Big Developments of Past Year-Gary Notes Improve ment in the Selling Prices

The annual report of the United States Steel corporation, which is made public Wednesday, shows ex- tensive plant improvement, building of new plants and other development of the Alabama properties of it's aux Hilary the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad company.
 Chairman F. H. Gary, in his annual statement. says new business booked by the steel corporation in 1923 has eXcelled the ratio maximum capacity of the subsidiary companies. In 1921 the steel making subsidiaries operat- ed at only 47.5 per cent of capacity and in 1922 at 71.3 of capacity.
 The money value of Alabama devel- opments is not stated, but size and character of the new plants and the extensive improvement record of the year clearly shows that the total vuns into the millions.
 Big Work At Fairfield.
 Among other large plants Is the TO and l2-inch bar mill at Fairfield and the steel foundry at that place now near completion. The bar mill will have a capacity of 10000 tons a month and has been built to care for the SCO WlHS QCulduu lOl VdiS III luS south and for export.
 No. 1 furnace at Ensley was re- built and now has a capacity of moro than 6U0 tons a day, having made as much as 6S7 tons d day.
 A handsome sum was expended in building of model houses for white and colored workers.
 The schedule of work completed in Alabama last year and under way follows:
 o o o
 Work In Detail.
 American Steel and Wire company . Fairfield works: Equipped anneal- ing furnace and shelter pan settings tA burn coal instead of gas.
 Ensley works of Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad company: Re- building blast furnace N ], Rew hot blast stove at blast furnace No. l, storage facilities for rails and pig iron. rebuilding shear app .sach and tilting tables at blooming mill, 70 inch ater line from Village creek.
 Bessemer furnaces: Improvem erts to boiler plant.
 Under head of work in progress these are mentioned:
 Ensley works: Six S34- horsepower boilers for No. 1 steam power plant,
 (Continued On Page 13.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21

THE FORECAST FOR ALABAMA: PARTLY JUDY, M U C H WARMER WEDNESDAY; THURS DAY OBABLY RAINS.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
DEFENSE WINS FIGHT
Testimony Of Three Witnesses Ex
 ciuded At Herrin Trial.

MARION, Ills, March 20=The de- fense in the Herrion riots trial won a lengthy legal battle today when 1t succeeded in. having the testimony of three of the eight witnesses called by the prosecution excluded while that of a fourth was taken under advisement by Judge D. T. Hartweil.
 The testimony excluded son the grounds that it was too remote t9 have any direct bearing on the cir oumstances surrounding the staying of Antonio Mulkavich. with which the siN defendants are specifically charged. dealt with an attack on d truck bearing men from Carbondale to the mine of the Southern Illinois Coal company.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
SAYS HUMAN FLESH SOLD
Holt Pleads For Entrance Of United
 States Into Nations League

DENVER, Colo. March 20.--Hamil- ton Holt. New York journalist and lecturer touring the west in the in terests of America's joining the League of Nations in an address here lass night said Dr. Nansen the Nor wegian explorer who knows more of the Russian situation probably than any other man. told me personally and repeated his statement on the floor of the League of Nations, that salted human flesh is being sold as food in the markets of Russia"
 Austria is following Russia over the brink of catastrophe, Germany is following Austria Mir. Holt said. Then comes Italy and France, and England is not so far behind. The most profound thinker in every country unite in the statement tha, the situation in Europe is worse to- day than at any time since the arm istice; civilization virtually is at stake."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
CITY MAY DROP POLICIES
Police md Fire Department Men
 DOubly Protected, Wynn Says

Police md Fire Department Men
 Doubly Protected, Wynn Says Y Insurance policies for police and firemen. carried by the city during the past few months. may be can ceued, as both of these departments are protected by the firemens pen sion and relief fund and the police mems pension and relief fund, ac- cording to w. J. Wynn, city attorney.
 Commissioner w. E. Cloe asked an opinion of w. J. Wynn, city attorney. on the advisability of continuing the insurance. The opinion stated that with both departments protected by these funds, there was no longer need for the insurance. The city may con tinue the insurance or drop it, &C., cording to the opinion. The policies are for $1,000 each. The insurance is costing the city approximately $6,o6O per year.
 President McLendon and Commis- sioners Harrison and Dickson stated the matter had been discussed gener- ally. but that no decision in the mat ter has bee~ reached.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
CHARGE MURDER
Claim Convict Boss Responsible For
 Death of Prisoner.

GRAND FORKS, N. D.. March 20.--- Walter Higginbotham, formerly boss of a Florida convict gang leased
 out to a lumber company, Is charged with first degree murder in war rant issued in Dixie county. Florida. as the result of the death of Martia Tabert of Munich, N. D.. one of tho convicts confined in his chapse, telegram received today from the county attorney stated. HigSiuh5.n- am is alleged to have whipped Tab ert shortly before the latter's death. He had not been arrested when the telegram was filed. the message said.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
UNION LOSES SUIT
Check Off Funds Forbidden West
 Virginia Miners

CHARLESTON, ". Va, March 20.- Use of "check off funds to unionize "open shop" mines was forbidden by Federal Judge George w. McClintock in an injunction handed down in a special session of United States dis trict court today The injunction prohibits the international organlza tion of the union from sending money into West Virginia to be used in or ganization activities.
 The decision was rendered in a case brought by the Carbon Fuel company and 22 other mining com panies against the 1nternationsl o. ganization of the United Mine Work CTS of America.
 Interference with the operation of the plaintiffs mines, or with their employees is forbidden.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
HUNDREDE ARE HOMELESS
DisaxtrOus Fire Sweeps Florida City
 With S175,OOO Loss,

KEY WEST, Fla, March 2O.-Loss estimated at over $175,000,O0O was caused here this morning by the most disastrous fire in the history of Key West.
 The blaze, the origin of which is unknown, swept an area of four city blocks. destroying 43 dwellings,
 A stiff wind famed the flames as adequate water supply fought to subdue the fire After a fight of several hours the firemen, with the aid of enlisted men from the army and navy stations here. succeeded in bringing the flames under control.
 Red Cross organizations and local churches have organized to care for the families made homeless by the h1aza
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
ADDITIONAL EXHIBITORS
Housewives' Show April 17 Promisei
 Success.

Additional exhibitors participating in the second annual Housewives Exhibit of Birmingham Manufactured Products, to be Staged at the Saun- ders -It-Yourself garage the week of April II, are: Dixie Coffee company, Dewberry & Montgomery Stationery Co.,, and Jack Frost cream cry.
 Success of the second exhibit Is practically assured. and the large number of firms who will have prod ucts on display mean that the affair will bs attended by practically every housewife oi the entire Birmingham district, who will be given an oppor- : tunity 10 see, many of them for the first time. the large number Of arti- cles of daily use which are manu- factured in the Magic City.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
MORSE TRIAL POSTPONED
Conspiracy Charges Will Not Be
 Heard Intii April 2

WASH1NGTON March .0.-The trial of Charles w. Morse and three of his sons on conspiracy charges growing out of war-time shipping transactions was postponed in the district supreme court today until April 5, because of the illness of Harry r. Morse. one of the defend ants. The case against George NJ. Burditt. one of the 12 men named in the first indictment returned against Morse. was nolle pressed on motion of District Attorney Peyton Gordon.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
THREE HURT IN WRECK
Passenger Train Is Derailed NcaI
 BrOOklet. Ga,

SAVANNAH. Ga, March 20.-Three persons were injured, none seriously, early today when a passenger train of the Savannah and Statesboro rail- rod was dcrailed near Brooklet. Ga, according to advices reaching here.
 Few passengeAs were aboard. The passenger coach was overturned and the tracks torn up approximately three car lengths.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-03-21
FILE SUIT FOR MILLION
Government Is Seeking To Collect
 Excess Profit TaxeM.

NEW YORK, March 20.-Four hun dred and fifty defendants in all parts of the United States and Canada were named in suit filed in federal court late today for collection of $1,79O.- SPA in income and excess profits taxes alleged to be due in connection with the sale of mining properties of the Warren Realty and Development company of Arizona in 1917.