davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
WEST VIRGINIA FARM BUREAU
Division II Must Erect Suit.
able Warehouse.

As the result Of the growth Of busi-
ness done by the purchasing division
of the Monongalln County tWesf flr-
ginia) Farm bureau, which exceeded
$4,000 last year. IL became necessary
this year to secure suitable ware
house and place OF business TO handle
the commodities. Although last year
saw al supplies handled direct from
car To purchaser without use of ware
house. the increase In cooperative
buying and selling made necessary es-
Publishing a permanent warehouse and
salesroom.
To meet this demand. the Monon-
gala County Farmers Exchange com
pany has been formed and lncor.
porated under the laws Of West ylr.
ginia with capital stock OF s5o.O00.
divided equally into common and pre-
ferred stock. The shares of stock
are S25 each.
Already 3l5 farmers have purchased
common stock. each person being lin.
tied tn one share of common stock.
Preferred stock may be bought In any
quantities. bu. the limitation on the
purchase Of common stock insures
keeping control In the hands OF the
whole body OF farmers rather than a
few individuals.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
SMUTTY SILAGE FED SAFELY
No Harm Follows Test Made by Ex.
pert In Feeding Tainted Material
to HoIs.ein Heifer.

Smutty silnge can be fed TO live
stock with no danger Of III conse
luences. says T. w. Gulllckson Of the
lalry husbandsy division nj University
farm nj ST. Paul. Not so long ago
many Inquiries were being received at
the dairy division headquarters re-
gardIng the ACCESSIBILITY Of feeding
smut-lnfested corn In the form OF en-.
silage. To answer these questions au.
.horitatiyely Mr. Gullickson had col
sected some SO pounds OF pure corn
aiut which he run through the en-.
sllnge cutter and put In sacks which
he placed In the silo and covered with
about ten feet Of ensilage. A few
months later the corn smut In the bags
was substituted for the regular sIlage
ration and fed 10 a Holsteln heller AZ
the rate Of Is to 80 pounds day. The
heller was not forewarned of the alb
rupt change In her diet. but took no
exceptions to the eorn-smut menu. ap.
pearing in fact to relish IL. Mr.. Gul.
llckson says the feeding Of the smut
was continued for three weeks. during
which the he.fer remained normal IN
every respect.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

ization as the Federated. but since the
growers could not at that time be con-
yinced of the need Of such an organiza-
ton, the leaders did the next best
thing and formed a privately owned
agency.
After series of negotiations. agree
ments were reached by which the
North American Fruit exchange was
absorbed by the Federated Fruit and
Vegetable Growers. Inc. on January l.
1928. The North American agrees to
discontinue ms marketing agency ex-
cept to carry out any unfinished con-
tracts fulfillment Of which may be de-
handed by the other parties. and II
agrees to use Its Influence to turn It's
present tonnage and all future tonnage
TO the account OF the Federated. The
Office property. good will, and other
assets of the North American Fruit
exchange were transferred to the Fed.
Grated on January l. Payment will
be made on a fiveyear plan; 20 per
cent or more can be paid In any one
year.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
/ ()([IRl'|
|&VVS||
PEKIN DUCKS GROW RAPIDLY
Young Fowls Intended for Market
Should Never BE Given Anything
but Soft Feed.

The Pekin Is tie only duck that
grows rapidly enough TO make good
green duck. Ducklings that are TO be
marketed as green ducks should never
have anything but soft feed. Start
them on bread crumbs or dry bran.
and as soon as they have learned to
eat well give a mash Of two parts
bran, one part middlings and a very
little corn meal. moistened with water
till crumbly. and with about 8 per cent
sand or chick grit added. This may
be fed at first FIVE times a day, but
should soon be gradually diminished
to three times a day. Never forget
the sand. for the ducklings must have
II TO digest their food. The amount
Of corn meal In the mash may be grad
ually increased and a little beef scrap
added after two weeks. though some
duck ralsers never feed II. and II Is
good plan TO mix cut up alfalfa or
other green's In the mash until the
ducklings have learned TO eat without
cutting. BY the eighth week the mash
may consist of equal parts bran, corn
meal and middlinss. with 5 per cent
beef scrap. and always sand. The
last two weeks some of the big duck
men add little OIL meal for finishing.
The point is to make the mash richer
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

and muscles In trim. Where such a
method is practiced the animal. accus-
toned to daily handling and control.
ices not become unruiy and hard to
manage. Furthermore. he Is groomed
Il least once daily when In use.
Unfortunately for the horse business.
he common practice In stallion man
cement L. to put the horse In shed.
mt Of sight and hearing Of other
4orses. where he is fed at irregular in
eryals and seldom graomed at all.
Sven though q small yard is sometimes
,rovided. II Is very often so filthy as
% be more Of damage than an ad
santage.
=ueh treatment long without injury. 4
God. vigorous stallion needs nt least
TX miles travel daily or Its eluiyalen'
n work.
The amount Of feed tn BE- given de
ends upon the exercise given. the con
ntion Of the horse and his ability to
make use Of the feed he gets
The Kansas experiment station sug-
tests the following as good eomb,na-
tons:
I. Oats. timothy or prairie hay.
2 Oats four parts. corn six parts,
oilHeal one part, timothy or prairie
hay.
8. Corn seve, parts, hran three
parts. oilmeai one part. timothy or
prairie hay.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

70 determine Tie vaiae u land. The
acre which gives the hi.aesi Yield
II product Is net always the most
valuable The acre Paare< rfsrsc,
may be more valuable than tie one
that YIELDS moro bountesusly. The
value of land u affected By multi
tudious economic a. well as natural
or Physical factors. Any tnctr that
affacts the kind 81 the amount ~ the
7rcduets Of laad such as climate son
and Topography or the prices receiv.
ed for the rredacts whea = Id, ten Is
to reflect this effect n ire values OF
the LAID.
Interest Rate a Determining Factor
The simplest formula asi also the
hasic one in calculating i2n1 value 3
Is thst the value OF an acre ct land
Is equal TO the net annual iac-me a.
vided by the carren, rate "a interest
on well secured land loans II 10
81 silly seen from ire formula that
either an Increase In the net nrnual
Income or . decrease IN tho Interest
rate tends to increase the value ~
land The converse OF tars : also
true. Indeed any chsr-e IN rhe n
terest rate tends 10 affect land val.
Co
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
M InnMT
Hi THE NY
W@ZIIIRu
SUGGESTIONS ON DAIRY CALF
Great Care and Attention 10 Necessary
to Raise Animal Successfully
on Skim Milk.

In dairying the farmer should
raise his own calves. Many farmers
are not successful In raising them on
skim milk. Whole milk may produce
the best calf. but not necessarily the
best COW. As good an animal can be
produced on skim milk as can be
produced on whole milk. but greater
care and attention Is required In pro-
ducing the former.
The calf should nurse its mother
for the first few days, after which Il
should be removed and fed by hand.
Whole milk. warm and fresh from
the mother. should be given for ten
days or two weeks at least. Ten to
twelve pounds per day In two or three
feeds should be given ut iirst. and
the length of time that 1t should be
continued depends upon the strength
Of the calf. Ordinarily ten days to
two weeks will be required to make
the change from whole milk to skim
milk.
Gradually substitute skim milk for
whole milk. increasing the former
until the whole milk Is entirely re-
placed. This may be q week. or II
ray be a month Skim milk should
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
STEER SHOULD BE DEH0RNED
Animals Fstten Faster and Sell Bet
ter-work Is Easier When
Calves Are Young.

Steers usually fatten faster and sel'
letter II dehorned Calves can be de
horned any time after weaving. usual.
" In the cool months when there are
no flies. The work is easier when the
calves are young: n heater job can be
ione; the shock is not so great and the
-alves are easier to handle. The aim
should be to take the ring Of skin OF
with the horn to prevent q stub grow
Ing out A little pine tar over the
wound helns 10 stop bleeding and keep
away flies Clippers do good work with
Ill young cattle and are quicker and
more huriane than the saw. eff the
clippers are kent sharp they win han
lie any ordinary horn without crush
ing 1t. though II is not as easy to cut
close TO the head as with the saw.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

dents. the American Farm Bureau Fed.
Grafton passed the following reso,p.
tion regarding boys ana girls c,uh
work at their third annual mee,inv
Just closed: Resolved that the Amer.
lean Farm Bureau Federation recon.
mend that extension directors and
state farm bureau officials OF the
states, In cooperation with the coun.
ties, provide comprehensive program
of boys and girls club work a,lan,ed
to the needs Of each community an,
county. with proper committees In ench
county which shall cooperate with the
county extension representatives. ana
we favor larger share OF present and
contemplated federal extension apnrn.
priations for Boys and Girls. c,uh
work."
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
CLUB WORK FAVORED
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
Extension Directors and State
Farm Bureau Urged to Pro-
vide Program.

Eighty per cent OF the 700 boy and
girl champions from 30 states who were
Chicagc's guests during the Interna.
tional are sons and daughters eS mem.
beers Of the American Farm Bureau
Federation. Al the tinal banquet In
Chicago. Secretary J. W. Coverdale
chilled for a showing Of hands of those
whose parents were farm bureau
members. Eighty per cent Of the hands
were UP.
Farm bureau members are leaders IN
this educational work and consider
boys and girls club work an I'm.
poriant part Of the farm bureau pro-
gram.
Supported BY letters from the ma.
3oriy oi state farm bureau presL
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
WHAT DETERMINES TIE
VALUE OF LAND

By E b Brossard Agricultural
Scencnist. Utah Agricultural Co.leSc)
Many ra,pis Interested In agri-
culture a1d economics are asking
themselves aad others what II Is that
determines 'hs valus Of land. In the
now common parisnce Of the average
oi.t,ren II Is said that the supply and
dsrsnd fer land dsteriaire tn val
cu.
VIA. the average person thinks Of
a. supply sad demand are the acres
snd the Hsrket-bidaers which deter
mine price OK Land and not the more
fan iazezt-l and deeeer causes
which deter-aiae the vslue OF land.
fhe wise man WANTS b know what
the underlying factors are that de-
ter1nins lane values.
vaius Determine by Productivity
The value Of land Is determined
by IN sconomic productivity. BY that
q meant not alone the kind and
smount produced per acre but tho,
nss value Of the total productions
9As Ur1c~ - fErD products hslc
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
CHARCOAL GOOD PREVENTIVE
Value Can Hardly Be over-Empha.
sized and Should Be Fed to
Fowls of All Ages.

The value Of charcoal can scarcely
he over-emphasized and II should he
fed TO fowls Of all ages as preventive
Of bowel d'scords and disease. II Is
hest TO keen II before the fowls NJ all
tim's rs there Is no danger of them
eating too much. Charcoal has n great
purifying effect in absorbing noxious
gases and will correct many digestive
iiscords.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
The Measurement Of
lrrigdtinn water

mixed and where they are separated.
But by who mind how are these
measurements to be made By the I'M
skilled but honest iaymanf No. his
mistakes. tho unintsntonal may cost
some one thousands Of dollars: by the
skilled but easily influenced fine-fel-
low. no his Intentional errors may b
equally as costly as those Of tn lay
man The measurements nus< be
made by a well trained thorough hy-
drographer-one having deeply plant
ed into his system q hvs for being
square. and also one having q real
back bone.
And then with such a naa provided
with proper engineering equipment
such as weirs. orifiees. steel tapes.
Gales, rubber boots that roach the
alps. and precisely elaborated cur
reat meters-the measurement Of wa
ter Is of great advantage to the wa
ter user and to the entire western
public
For the irrigation compsny II re
places speculation with security con-
corning water costs. and IL assures
the enjoyment of vested rights- II
helps the farmer determine what be-
comes OF the water he uses: whether
or not much OF it erseps away in the
dark OF the deep soil underiain by
porous material: L protects the OWL
er OF lowlying land from having his
land water legged rec-use II prevents
excessive Irrigation by his neishbor
higher up: and finally. OF great inn
rcrtanca compared to these and
many other benefits of water meas
urement; It II . fsctor Of vital i'm
portaace tn the continued protection
and enjoyment Of the irrig=tors wa
ter right For these and many other
reasons II Is advantageous TO meas
ure irrigation water.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
HOUSE FOR NARROWING soWS
Animals Should Be Separated and
Given Ration High in Protein and
Rather Laxative.

A SOW which Is soon TO farrow
should be separated from the other
hogs at least a week before her date.
and during this time she should be
given ration high in protein. and
rather laxative In nature: In othes
words. a feed very similar TO that
which Is given while suckling the pigs.
and as the farrowing time approaches
the ration should he reduced some
what This will bring the SOW up TO
narrowing time In good condition. and
she viii not he feverish and restless !.
hence. less danger OF her injurIng or
killing her pigs when she farrows.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

The Federated Fruit and Vegetable
Growers. Inc, opened cooperative
sales agencies 14O markets January
2. The latest national cooperative
marketing institution to be established
under Farm bureau auspices In the
outgrowth of the Fruit Growers Mar.
keting committee Of 81. appointed on
September l. 1921. by the American
Farm Bureau federation The new
grower-owned and grower-controlled
sales agency Is under the manage
ment of A. R. Rule. II Is able I"
begin business In all the important
carlot markets through purchase OF
the North American Fruit exchange.
which has been handling the business
of cooperative fruit and vegetable
marketing associations for II years
The National Fruit committee was
appointed with the purpose Of serving
only the fruit interests. but there were
a number of men on rhe committee IA.
miliar with the vegetable industry.
When the plan was perfected. 1t was
found adapted for vegetables as well
rs fruits. Since vegetable groups
were showing intense interest In the
organization and were requesting
membership In the came, the name
Federated Fruit and Vegetable Grow
ers. Inc.." was adopted Fruits and
vegetables have the same problems Of
transportation. refrigeration. legisla-
tion, sales and distribution. and adver.
Using and the products are handled
through the same trade channels Con-
sequently, there was excellent reason
for the organization being broadened
to include the vegetable interests as
well as the fruit interests
The executive headquarters of the
organization will be IN New York. New
York was selected because II Is the
greatest consuming center of fruits
and vegetables In the country. There
are about 100000 people In New
York and the immediate metropolitan
area. II Is also the largest exporting
center. Furthermore. some of the
banking interests Of New York are IN.
ycrable toward the new plan Of mar
keting nnd will support II.
The field service and organization
Office will be located in Chicago. There
also will be an extensive branch sales
office I'm Chicago. as well as In the
other important consuming centers.
The new organization Is TO be ALSO
Iutely rrnwer-owre and grower-con.
trolled. built from the ground up. II
was felt that only through grower.
ownership and growercontroi could
the growers develop ala organization
in which they could have complete
confidence and which would be entire
ly free from private influence. The
committee held steadfastly to the prln.
ciple OF grower-ownershlp and grower.
control throughout its work.
The Federated was Incorporated
under the laws of Delaware, on the
non-stock. non-proiit plan. Advice was
sought frum number of attorneys.
and the consensus of opinion was TINT
the Delaware non-proflt law was bet.
ter suited for the purpose OF the Fed.
Grated than any other state law.
During the organization stnges. II
developed that there was an Cd.
portunity for the Federated TO alb.
sorb the North American Fruit ex.
change. This is non.specuatiye
sales organization which has been
marketing for co-operatives since 1911.
Its leaders claim they had In mind
when organizing just such an organ.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
DIFFERENT BREEDS OF DUCKS
Pe'sln Is Probably Nest Profitable for
Meat While Runner Is Superior
as EGG Layer.

Like hens. ducks are divided Into
meat producing and egg producing
breeds. The pekin Is the most popu-
lar and probably tie most profitable
Of the large breeds. though the Ayles-
bury and Cayuga are also profitable
meat producers. The Runner Is the
layer Of the duck family. and Is also
an excellent table bird. though smaller
than the other standard breeds Like
turkeys. there Is strain of wild blood
In some of the best breeds.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
PUMPKIN SEEDS NUTRITIOUS
Mistaken Idea 20 Think That Material
Win Increase Kidney seers-
ticns In cowa

There Is a tradition among some
farmers TINT pumpkin seeds increase
kidney secretiens. tend 10 dry up cows,
ana therefore should not be fed.
There Is no real foundation for such
m opinion. Pumpkin seeds are nu-
trltlous and should not be wasted
Their Is no danger whatsoever in feed
Ing them TO dairy cows
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
BEST TIME TO DOCTOR FOWL
Keep II Free From vermin, Feed Ju-
6ieiously and Provide Clean,
Ventilated Quarters.

The time to doctor a fowl Is before
II gets sick. and the way to do this Is
TO keep II free from lice. feed judi
eiously. keen the quarters clean and
well ventilated. supply good. ,lean
water and plenty of shfrn grit or
gravel; avoid draft, ami use the most
vigorous and healthy birds in the
breeding pens.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
CAREFULLY WATCH ALL COWS
Animal Losing Flesh Rapidly Probably
Needs More Feed, or More
Balanced Ration

Watch the cows. The animal that
loses flesh rapidly probably needs more
feed. or a more perfectly balanced IA.
ton. wher a cow takes on fat instead
Of giving a full flow or milk. Il Is prob
able she needs more protein and less
carbohydrates In her ration
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
BEST PLAN TO AVOID FILTH
Clean Poultry Houses and Premises
viii Prevent Various Ailments
Among Poultry.

II farmers and ordinary poultry
rnisers would give half the time and
attention to cleaning their poultry
houses aud premises that they do to
doctcf'n- the sick chickens with quack
nostruTns. the chances are ten to one
that they would have very few sick
aIes 10 doctor.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
HOGS IN LIMITED QUARTERS
Kept cIean-pivids Pasture
Into Desired Areaa

Swine can be raised when they are
confined In limited quarters II the
quarters are kept clean. but they win
do much better and stay In better
health II they have plenty Of pas
uIre. Dividing the pasture into ron
venient areas 20 that the hogs can
Be shifted from one psstuFe ~ p,cw-
mg md Easssdlne.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
FISH MEAL FOR LAYING HENS
About Twenty Peg Cent Of Mash viii
Give Good Results-Pretein
10 Big Need.

Fish meal Is being fed TO some lay
Ing hens with good results. About 90
rer cent of the mash IS the usual
Recommendation. The commercial
dried buttermilk is another source Of
protein that is meeting with favor
among poultrymen. A good grade of
beef scrap is still the reliable standby
If many breeders. But whatever You
feed. DO not neglect the protein II you
need winter egg money.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

- &sh~sS
Many water users. attorneys and
snginers urge that the measurement
OF irrigation water Is OF vital import
ance TO western progress In nearly
every phase OF Industry and com-
merce men pay for commodities ana
services In proportion to the amount
received For example. when we buy
coal we pay a certain price per ton ;
when we send the produce Of our
farms to the distant markets We pay
freight In proportion TO the tonnage
when We travel on the railroad we
pay q fare based on the distance ira
veled. and when we purchase land We
agree on the price and them carefully
measure the area.
Some irrigation projects now charge
irrsgators for water delivery In pro
portion to the amount OF water used
and many more will doubtless find 1t
advantageous sooa to do 50.
The West is experiencing q rapidly
growing need for water measurement.
The late summer stream flow in many
localities IL fully appropriated ana
further irrigation expansion must
come through storage. Flood waters
stored in reservoirs at a high cost
must in many cases be comninsled
with the natural stream flow OF late
summer N order to convey II to the
lands that need brighton Ana.
strange to say. usually the stored wat
er locks. tastes and smells Just Ike
the natural water. especially after
they together splash and gu-sie down
ths canyon ;rouEa- Moreover. since
neither the stored nor the natural
water Is branded or marked. Tiers
remains only ooa possible source Of
identifying either. namely 20 measure
them ct tie points whers they are
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
spread Of tuberculosis.

tuberculosis IL spread to hcgs In
much lesser degree from poultry
than from cattle. The causal organ
ism In poultry Is slightly different from
the form which Is found In cattle, but
both forms viii. under suitable con-
ditions. produce the disease In hogs.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
dffA]RNk
S1F0)NC]K
GOOD STALLION MANAGEMENT
Many Promising Animals Have Years
Of Usefulness Reduced by Neg
iect In Winter.

Many promising draft stations have
their years Of usefulness greatly re
duced through neglect during the win
ter months. The ideal method Of
handling . stali.;-a is to give him daily
work to do In order that he may eat
his feed with relish and keep his body
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
Returns From Wool Pool.

A number Of the Sac county trown)
farmers who shipped their wool to the
wool pool have been receiving returns
la'ely. The net price on the wool has
been running from 81 to "a cents per
pound.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15
To Market Vermont Live Stock

The Vermont Farm Bureau fedora.
ton IL making a preliminary survey
looking toward efficient marketing OF
live stock In the Grern Mountain state.
Most of vermont's live stock Is snld
on the Brighton market. near Boston.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

he warm and sweet when fed. as cold.
sour milk is the greatest cause Of
scours. II may be Fed for six or seven
months. depending mainly upon tho
supply. II should be given until the
calf is FIVE months OF age at least
Extension Service. Colorado Agricul-
tural College.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-02-15

For dairy cows. when milk Is to he
uscd for butter production. the soy
bean meal must be fed In small guam
titles In order that II may not soften
The b1fter,