davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-09-16

Mrs. Lena c. McHaIc-Funeral serv- ices for Mrs. Lena c. McHale, who died att l o'clock Thursday after q noon. were held at 10 o'clock Sat urday morning from St. Augustine Catholic church. followed by in- torment in Forest Hill cemetery with Johns in charge.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-09-16

Miss Emma Elizabeth Keith-Funeral services for Miss Emma Elizabeth Keith, 11-year- -old daughter of Mir, and Mrs. o. R. Keith, who died early Saturday morning at a local infirmary. will be held at o'clock Sunday afternoon from the South side Baptist church, with Ridout in charge. Pallbearers will be mem- bers of her Sunday school class.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-09-16

Marvin w. Mitchell-Remains of Mar win W. Mitchell, who died Tuesday at a local infirmary reached Bir. mingham Saturday afternoon. Flu. neral services will be held at o'clock Sunday afternoon from the residence of his mother, Mrs. D
 V. Mitchell, 1901 Hayes street, fol. lowed by interment in Elmwoo6 cemetery with Lige Loy in charge
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-09-16

JaceIyn R. SadtaflIe-Remains of Jacelyn R. Sadtaille, 40, who died Friday at a local infirmary, were sent to Jasper Saturday morning by Lige Loy for interment.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-09-16
Figures For Counties.

The figures for Alabama by coun- ties follow:
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
FIRST OF LIVING ORGANISMS
Export opinion 10 That Earliest Forns
is In Lake. Must Have. Been oftsls.
ri Negotiable Origin. ne *

Interesting studies have been made
by Monti on the earliest forms Of life
appearing in the Alpine lakes. One
of these, the lake Of the Seracs, has
been created within human memory,
and 1t seems to justify the statement
that the first living forms inhabit-
ing lakes are of vegetable nature.
Only five living species are found in
the lake Of the Seracs, all Of them
plants and four Of the order Of d.
atoms. In the older lakes Of Ong and
Of Tignaga animal forms begin to
appear, feeding upon the diatoms. The
first two steps In the populating Of a
lake, according to Months conclusions,
are, first, the appearance Of diatoms
absorbing carbonic acid dissolved in
the water, and, second, the appearance
Of simple animal organisms, such as
rhizopods. whose nourishment depends
upon the pre-e1isting vegetable forms.
Biologists have supposed that the first
living forms in the oceans were vege-
table. - s.,7ss+,-
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
THIS "FoG-HORN" N0IsELESS
Seems an Anomaly, but Explanation
Given Should Convince the Most
Skeptlcal.

This Is the name given to signal
Ing device to prevent collisions at sea.
Part Of 1t consists of siren that by
means Of high-pressure steam will pro
duce powerful air waves with the low
frequency Of fourteen or fifteen vibra-
lions a second. It Is contended that
these waves, although too low for
the human ear to hear, have great
penetrating power. When they are
interrupted by some object, such as
ship, a cliff or an iceberg they are,
1t is said, reflected or echoed back to
a special receiving apparatus on the
deck Of the vessel.
Since this receiver is fitted with an
ingenious apparatus for registering the
strength Of the reflected vibrations, 1t
may be possible to learn the distance
and even the nature Of the object that
has intercepted the sound waves. The
siren is designed to be mounted on
deck 80 that at night or In a fog,
when the presence of icebergs or Of
other ships is suspected, 1t can be
turned In various directions to explore
the sea ahead Of the ship. The ap-
paratus is said to be still In an e1-
perimental stage. +.
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
WHY MOTT

Mr.. E. " Kuykendall, Commits
sioner of the Washington State De-
partment of Public Works, has said:
For some time I have believed and
advocated that the fundamentals OF
valuation, rate making and regula-
ton should be taught in the public
schools as a part Of civil government.
These functions have become such
important governmental activities,
both national and state, that they
should be included in textbooks on
civics. A person informed on these
topics would cease to be putty in the
hands of the demagogue, whose spec
ialty is corporation batting. For In
stance, If he understood even the
rudiments Of valuation, he would
know the absurdity of the oft-repeat-
ed charge that regulative commits
sions are permitting utilities to make
earnings on watered stocks and m
fiated bond issues instead Of the value
of the property devoted to public use.
He would know that under regulation
it is impossible for utility to pro-
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
They Met Their Plsdas.

Several members Of the Butler Uni
versity chapter Of the Delta Delta
Delta sorority recently heard that q
display Of late fashions in women'l
flnery was planned at a convention OF
dry goods merchants In Indianapolis.
The young women, who were accepted
as models for the display, were to re-
ceive $75. It happens that the chap
ter pledged $500 to the Butler college
endowment fund, and that one-f1fth of
the amount pledged was due in Sep
TENDER. With unusual loyalty to their
school and their chapter, the members
banded together and went after the
Job. They got it, and they planned to
apply the SIS to their 500 pledge In
September, all the while wondering
where they could get the remaining
$25.
The display was given. It was sue
cessful. Out came the man in chxrfN
you've done your work so WELL"
he said, "that we've decided to make
It $780," and he handed 500 bill to
the girls.-Indianapolis News.
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
CONSIDER THE BATHTUB!

The history of its development is
almost as interesting as the story Of
other Injuries of yesterday, necessi-
ties of Enthusiastically, gas, the
telephone and street car.
The bathtub was compelled to put
up hard struggle for a permanent
place in the home.
The first bathtub in the United
States was built in Cincinnati, and
installed in a home there in 1912. It
was made Of mahogany, lined with
sheet lead, and was proudly exhibited
by its owner at Christmas party.
Next day it was denounced in the
newspapers as luxurious, undemo-
cratic vanity.
Then came the medical men and de-
clared it menace to health. In 1843,
Philadelphia tried to prohibit bath
ing between November 1 and March
Is, by ordinance. In 1845, Boston
made bathing unlawful except when
prescribed by a physician. Virginia
taxed bathtubs $50 a year.
Today the bathtub Is in every home
and its frequent use Is recommended
and urged by all medical and health
authorities. 9.9s eiSr lie ezs s1.a
There was day when electricity,
gas, the telephone and street car were
scoffed at as "luxuries" and "vanf-
ties" Business and society couldn't
get along without them today.
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
Women Give Out

Homework is hard enough when
healthy. Every Blackfoot woman
who is having backache, blue and
nervous spells, dizzy headaches and
kidney or bladder troubles, should be
glad to heed this Blackfoot woman's
experience:
Mrs. Esther Call, 449 N. Shilling
Ave-, says: II have used Doan's Kid
ney Pills and have found them to be
a reliable remedy, for they did all
they are claimed to do in my case.
had lame back and when 1 was on
my feet for any length OF time, sharp
pains darted across my back. My
kidneys were inactive and due to the
excess water in my system, my feet
and ankles swelled. My hands also
swelled and I could do nothing. Sc
we're headaches and dizzy spells came
over me frequently. Seeing Doan's
Kidney Pills advertised, 1 tried them.
My kidneys began to act properly and
was completely cured Of the attack"
Price 6Oc, at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that
Mrs. Call had Foster-Milburn Co.,
Mfrs, Buffalo, N. Y. adv.
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
EVENTUAL ELECTRIFICA.
TION OF RAILROADS

The Buffalo IN. " News assures
that eventually all railroads will be
electrified. 1t is not doubtful VEN
ture. It has been proved that cleo
trification pays. The locomotive run
by white coal is more efficient than
that operated by steam. The cost OF
mined coal is steadily increasing, the
cost of hydro-electric power is con-
slant, or should be- Then, the fuel
supply is not inexhaustible, while
hydro-electric power is. Conserva-
ton is served along with economy in
Identification"
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14

nitely that the association will grade
| the product carefully and then mer-
chandise the commodity in any of the
modern ways known to the trade.
The association must have the right
to advertise and to do all of the col
lateral things that merchants do.
Then the association must be per-
mitted to deduct only the costs Of do
ing business-perhaps 1 per cent or
so for a reserve against bad crops
and the like. The entire balance
should be divided among all of the
farmers delivering the commodities 80
that each member will get the same
as every member for the same guam
tity, quality and grade of product.
The directors must be in the same
pools as the other farmers. If the
directors want fair price for their
own products they must get that very
same price for the smallest member
in the whole association. If they
want to put a charge on the other
mems products they must put that
charge on their own crops likewise.
This is the famous internal pool.
1t should be applied wherever a pro-
duct is capable of being graded. With
out the internal pool, or a system
which produces practically the same
effect, you cannot have merchandise
ing. You only can have favoritism.
The pools should vary in length.
With eggs we use weekly pools. With
cotton and wheat there should be au-
nuaI pools. II, .a+-.G fa . sui ai,s- ao
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
His Only Solace,

Cortlandt Blocker, the New YorA
clubman, said on the Aquitania:
II was in Berlin one pay day, and
It was a funny sight to see the Berlin
work people carrying their wages
home in suitcases, wheelbarrows and
hand carts. A man earning $40 q
week, normal exchange, would have,
you know, some $4,000 marks in notes
Of small denomination. No light bur
den.
81 spoke to a German banker about
the demoralized German mark. l said
I supposed it distressed him consider
ably.
eyes, it does he agreed, and then
he added:
Sometimes, by heaven, feel so
depressed that to cheer myself up q
little 1 take few marks out and see
how many rubles can get for them"
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
Vivacious Enoine.

An engineer was giving evidence II
a case in which a farmer was suing q
railway company for damages result
ing from the death of a COW, which
had been run into by train.
The farmers lawyer was hecklIne
the engineer, and kept reverting to
his pet question, which was:
"Now, tell me, was the COW on the
track"
At last the engineer became engry,
and answered the question:
"Well, IL you want me to tell the
real truth, the cow was bathing in
he stream the other side Of the track.
But the engine saw her, leaped of
the rails, dashed over the bank, and,
landing right on top Of the cow,
strangled her to death without a
word."-Milwaukee Journal
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
JED AND JOE DON'T DRESS IN
THE KITCHEN ANY MORE

Jed and Joe used to jump out OF
bed, grab their clothes, and hustle
down to the kitchen to dress.
"Says Jed, "I'll bet the North Pole
is ten degrees warmer than that bed
room of ours"
Then Pa met Nugent who sold him
a Rudy"
Joe says they don't have to call
him but twice to get up In the morn
ng now"
"And our coal bill's cut In half"
Adv. l8 If.
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
Novelties In Weddings.

At a recent English wedding the
seven attendants Of the bride were at
tired in colors representing the favor
lite flowers OF the bride. The effect
was very brilliant. M
At a similar function there were
five child bridesmaids who looked
charming in Joshua Reynolds cos
tunes Of white muslin with quaint
mop caps, blue sashes and punches Of
king roses. The little ones looked as
II they had Just stepped from the
painting Of the distinguished artist.
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14

cially to organize nevertheless, II
an intelligent way for the marketing
Of their products.
| II the association needs facilities
for the processing, packing or ware
housing OF their products, all the ply
steal properties should be leased, &C
quired or constructed through a sub
sidiary corporation with capital
stock. This enables the marketing
association to get warehouse receipts
from the subsidiary corporation,
which receipts it could not issue to
itself but could have a separate cor
poration issue to the association; and
on these receipts the marketing asso-
citation can always do profitable n
nancing.
If the association is going to make
advance payments to its members 1t
must avoid the mistakes made by the
Sunmaid Raisin Growers, which
agreed to pay four cents a pound for
raisins, regardless Of the state Of the
market. Such an association needed
capital in order to avoid the newt
able catastrophe when the market
price of raisins came perilously close
to these credit advance payments.
Better-handled associations use the
commodity as a collateral, and the ad
vance payment depends wholly upon
the advice of bankers each particular
season, depending upon the size OF
the crop, the quantity to be handled
by the association and the general
market conditions
AS a rule capital is neither neces-
sary nor advisable in the marketing
association itself.
But when all this has been done,
when you have the association organ
lied by the commodity, composed Of
farmers only producing that specific
commodity, with democratic control,
districted for directors, organized on
a wholly nonprofit and nonspecula-
tive basis-even then there is no
guaranty of success.
All through the country organiza-
tions have been formed like this:
They have elected a president and
secretary; have engaged their man
ayers and clerks; have provided office
and equipment, and have stood walt
ing to receive the product. Then
along comes the clever dealer and
offers the farmers a cent or so above
the market if he will keep his pro-
duct out of the cooperative. Then
the poor farmer sells out his cooper
ative for even less than the twenty
pieces of silver and goes to the spec
ulator. The cooperative sits there all
dressed up with no place to go. Soon
there is a broken cooperative asso-
ciation-and the farmers in that dis
trict sheer at the thought OF cooper
alton.
This experience, repeated a little
too often, taught men to recognize
that an active marketing association
had to be built on absolute certain
ties-on a definite contract.
These contracts vary according to |
the commodity. A contract for tree
product will have terms different
from contract covering a product
planted annually. In locality
where crop liens are as common as
most farm pests, the contract must
differ from sections where the air IS
still free. But certain principles must
be found In all.
The contract should always be
long-term agreement 1t is impos-
sible for farmers in a period Of less
than three years to develop a trained
to perfect the process Of
receiving the commodity, to make
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14
HOW TO BUILD A COOPER
ATIVE MARKETING MACHINE
Continued from page one

der which the legislatures offer CO.
operative marketing legislation to the
farmers, but first eliminating the pro-
visions which could really enable the
farmer to build up an institution as
legally sound as the ordinary stand
ard corporation.
After the test of a good law has
been made, the association must be
incorporated and must limit its mem
bership to farmers only; these farm
ers must all be producers of that par
ticular product which the association
is organized to sell. No matter how
good lawyer a man may be, his
place is not as MEMBER Of the CO.
operative marketing organization.
Above all, no matter how smooth a
talker a politician may be, his place
is on the soap box-but not in the
cooperative.
The association must be democratic
in control-one man, one vote. In
some sections, II a man has eight
cows he has eight votes, or If he has
two COWS he has two votes. But
farmers are beginning to realize that
COWS do not vote; that only men vote.
Manhood suffrage is now the rule IN
all intelligent cooperative enterprises
one vote throughout.
The cooperative organization must
be districted for directors so that no
one section of the commodity ever
controls the entire organization.
Sometimes this districting is done on
the basis of the number Of members;
but districting is essential.
Where possible proxy voting should
not be allowed, but the growers
should be permitted to vote by mall
if they cannot attend meetings IN
person.
Then the association must be ao-
solutely nonprofit. 1t must not be
able to make a single penny in profit
or bonuses or commissions or other
wise. 1t must handle only the pro-
duct that it is organized to sell, moth
ing more and nothing less. 1t must
not make a single cent from any per-
son transacting business with it. IL
must render service and not seek for
profit.
The association must be absolutely
non-speculative. A growers cooper
alive marketing association should
sell cotton or rice, prunes, eggs or
wheat. 1t should not become a mer-
chant dealing in sacks and twlne ana
coal and machinery. That is the busi-
ness of the town merchant and in
wolves a different type Of risk and IN
vestment. If the farmers want TO go
info that business they should do so
in separate corporations, but the CO.
lucrative marketing ass G. alto N
should handle only the product tnat
II is organized to sell and 1t snould
handle such product for its members
on,v.-It should not handle bushei
of wheat for a nonmember. 1t should
not make profit from any person. ana
~ tbe nonmember wishes to use the
facilities, he should either become a
member or deal in the speculative
svstem. There are only two alterna-
tiyes for growers-pure cooperation
or pure speculation.
Should the cooperative marketing
associations have capital stock? AS
a rule the marketing association is
better of without any capital STOCK.
This tends to avoid and prevent spec
ulation and 1t enables growers VINO
are usually in a bad position hnan-
The Bingham County news. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1918-1930, 1923-09-14

good and wise commercial connec
tions and to effect satisfactory bank
ing arrangements. The rule is IA
Their sound-a short-term contract II
hardly worth the paper 1t is writer
on. A long-term contract gives tn,
farmer chance.
There should be no right Of with.
drawal whatsoever, except at the end
of a specified long-term. II the
farmers intend to try the cooperative
marketing system they should go In
to that work seriously, earnestly and
on a permanent basis. They should
not dabble with the subject as though
medicine.
Therefore contracts range from
three to fifteen years. Five years
seems to be the fashion with the far
mers of the country in the new or
CARNATIONS.
! The contract must provide that the
farmer, for that term of years, is OBJ
liged to deliver all Of the specific pro-
duct that he raises to the association.
If it is a perishable product an
agency agreement can be used under
which the association is simply made
an agent for the selling of the pro-
duct, according to definite terms and
conditions.
If it is a nonperishable product the
contract should be-a sale and resale
agreement, under which the grower
actually passes the total of his pro-
duct to the association, by delivery,
and the association is thereby enabled
to use that product as collateral,
have warehouse receipts issued
against it, use the warehouse re-
ceipts as collateral and then make
advance payments to the growers on
the basis of such collateral.
With perishable products the prob
lem is routing. With semiperishables
and nonperishables the problem Is
storage and finance. Therefore the
difference in the nature of the con-
tract.
The Famous Internal Pool
No grower should ever sign con-
tract which attempts to make the
marketing agreement covenant ru1-
ming with the land. Leaders have
tried this system, but it simply OBJ
structs the farmer if he ever wants
to sell his farm, and in addition it H.
tempts to pass title of the products to
the association even prior to delivery.
This is exceedingly dangerous, be-
cause if man has the crop and then
loses it in his barn or any time after
harvest, but before delivery, either
by fire or other cause, he could de-
mand participation in the proceeds of
the association as though he had de-
livered his entire crop. This would
therefore subject any good associa-
tion to all kinds of losses through
careless or fraudulent handling. The
sale and resale contract should not
pass title prior to delivery, but at
that time it must give the association |
full and complete control over the
The contract must provide that the |
farmer may make crop mortgage |
whenever he finds it necessary, and |
in such event the crop need not be
delivered to the association unless the
association arranges with the holder
Of the lien that the association will |
take the crop and act as the collector
for the lien, hold and pay over to
him the proceeds therefrom, with
costs and charges and interest in
full, before any payment is made 10
the grower himself.
The agreement must provide def J.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1923-09-07
RECORDING SPEEDOMETERS
USED ON CARS IN SWEDEN
New Law C0npeIs the Use of
Device Which Will Give Posi-
tive Evidence of Speed.

Unusual measures for preventing
automobile accidents and an entirely
original idea for keeping the speeding
nuisance in check are features In the
new motor traffic laws which have just
been passed by the Swedish riksdag.
A striking paragraph in the new law
is that which provides for the compul-
sorry use of recording speedometers on
all motor vehicles. Such a device not
only indicates the number of miles the
car has run, but also the rate of speed
during any part of the run. Thus, on
the one hand, the innocent driver who
may be wrongly accused of exceeding
speed limits has a mechanical record
with which Co prove his innocence,
while officers of the law can use the
automatic record as irrefutable evil
dence against the guilty speeder.
Up to the present no recording
speedometer for automobiles has been
perfected, but promising experiments
with such an instrument are being
conducted, and the new law provides
that as soon as the mechanical prob
lem has been solved the government
has the power to require the use OF
recording speedOmeters.
Drivers licenses, under the new
Swedish law, shall be issued only to
persons who can pass the eye and ear
tests prescribed by doctors. Each ap-
plication must also be accompanied
by a testimonial signed by a local
motor traffic inspector to the effect
that the applicant is known to be of |
sober habits and of orderly conduct. |
The new speed limits In Sweden for |
cars are % miles an hour |
in the city and % miles an hour in |
the country.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1923-09-07
LATIN "AS SHE is SPOKE"
Guide Is Weak on Vocabulary, but
Strong on Facts.

Guide Is Weak on Vocabulary, but
Strong on Facts.
A guide at the state capitol, at
Jefferson City, Mo-, whose duty 1t Is
to escort sightseers through the new
building, to show the points Of beauty
and explain the oil paintings, brought
his party to rest few days ago in tn
governors reception room. One Of the
women wanted to know the price Of the
Persian rug on the floor. The guide
had some figures handy; the women
did not question his vera city.
But presently she spied the figure of
the state seal, which looks down from
almost every nook and corner of the
building.
"What is that, 'SaIus populi suprema
lex estoY" asked the woman, reading
the motto on the seal.
ITO fell the truth, lady," spoke the
guide without moments hesitation,
"those words are Greek, but in Eng
lish they mean, The best men get the
jobs"