davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31

Jenkins and Donald Kirkpatrick had
outlined the farm bureaus case very
completely in their petition, every
contention of which is now sustained
by the highest tribunal.
President o. e. Bradfute of the
American Farm bureau says: "The'
Supreme court has sustained the valid
ity of the Capper-Tincher grain
futures law in its entirety. The de-
cision seems to go to unusual length
In recognizing the national public In
terest involved.
THE farmers Of America will rec
ognize In this decision the establish
ment for all time of their fundamen-
tai right to follow their own products
as far to market as they like The
President of the United States and
the federal congress have already re-
peatediy voiced their interest in and
their support of cooperative market
ing. Now comes the third branch OF
the national government, the United
States Supreme court, and upholds
the legality of cooperative marketing.
It Is decision of far-reaching i'm
portance and will sustain the growers
of farm crops everywhere In their be-
lief that our cooperative marketing
program Is right"
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
DAIRY
POINTS
cow UNDER TEST CONDITION
Animal Produces Sixty Per Cent More
MIX and Butterfat Than
When With Herd.

Why cows under test conditions pro-
duce on the average 60 per cent more
milk and butterfat than those kept I'M
der ordinary herd conditions is prob
lem the dairy division, United States
Department of Agriculture, Is still I'M
able to solve. In the recent annual re-
port of the bureau Of animal industry.
1t Is stated that only 20 per cent of the
increase has been satisfactorily ac-
counted for. Five per cent was due to
keeping cows in box stalls compared
with stanchions.
Other experiments conducted on the
government farm at Beltsville, Nd,
show that with cows of average pro-
duction irregular milking was not
detrimental to milk and butterfat pro-
duction and that the cost of production
Is increased when cows are exercised
to the extent of being driven three
miles day. However, exercise was
found to increase slightly the fat con-
tent.
A considerable number of calves
were fed with a nipple as compared
with drinking from a pail. Results
showed no advantage In using nipples.
Pectin pulp, by-product In the
manufacture Of pectin from apple
pomace, was found to be less palatable,
and less valuable as dairy feed than
beet pulp.
The use of molasses in the dairy ra-
ton is not justiflable, the government
report shows, for group of cows that
were given molasses in addition to the
regular ration produced slightly less
than the group that received the regu-
lar ration only.
A 20-year experiment, now in prog
ress at Manhattan, Kan, will deter.
mine to what extent milk production
can be developed without sacrificing
desirable beef type. The work was
started In 1915 and Shorthorn cattle
are being used.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
PAYS TO CANDLE EVERY EGG
Testing May Be Done With Much Ac-
euracy by Passing Electric Light
Under Tray.

Poultrymen have learned 1t pays to
candle every egg that goes into the in
cubator. II only a few eggs are to be
lncubated, each one can be candled
separately, but the breeder Of many
chicks does not always have time for
this. Instead of Gambling them In the
rush to get all the incubators going
he often piles In the eggs and takes a
chance on their being fertile. Every
infertile egg takes up space that could
be used In incubating good egg.
Gambling may be done with fair de-
gree Of accuracy by passing an electric
light bulb under the tray after the
eggs have been put In the incubator.
Infertile or stale eggs may be detect
ed In this way. This Is not to be rec
commended II time will permit thorough
Gambling, but 1t Is better than using
uncandled eggs.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
MISSOURI COUNTY Is
RAISING SOY BEANS
One Of Many Instances Where
Farm Bureau Cooperation
Pays Farmers.

Linn county, Missouri, is rapidly be-
coming the soy bean center of the ma
ton. The Linn county farm bureau
has sponsored the organization of the
Linn County Soy Bean Growers asso-
citation, and through that organization
was organized the first soy bean selling
association In the United States.
Linn county soy beans have been
sold In every state In the Union except
the New England group, and the grow
ers have sold at this time their entire
crop. Soy bean seed has also been ex-
ported to Canada and one order filed
for an enterprising farmer in South
Africa who read Of the Morse soy bean
seed grown in Linn county.
Much of the success Of the sales of
this seed is due to the trade mark of
the Linn County Selling association,
according to County Agent ]. Robert
Hail. Mr.. Hall says the trade mark
has resulted In the sale Of every soy
bean that has been grown In Linn coun-
ty In the past three years, as 1t Is now
known throughout the United States.
To change this trade mark would be
robbing the Linn county farmers of a
hard-wrought reputation. The trade
mark is their emblem of cooperation
service and good soy bean seed.
The Linn County Soy Bean Grow ers
association is now able to extend Its
national sales service outside of Linn
county and is selling and buying seed
for farmers all over the state.
That the organization of the Linz
County Soy Bean Growers association
Is success is attested by the fact thai
where three men were growing soys II
the county ten years ago there arr
1,200 farmers growing that crop today
This Is one Of the many instances
where farm bureau cooperation hal
paid the farmers of Missouri.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
PASTURED ON SWEET CLOVER
Good Results Obtained in Test Made
at Michigan Station-No
Trouble From BIoatinq.

Four cows. receiving approximately
one pound of grain for four pounds Of
milk, produced and pastured on 1.46
acres of sweet clover for 1T COW days,
maintained their weight and produced
6.O88.6 pounds Of milk and POI pounds
Of fat, according to O. f. Reed and J.
E. Burnett of the Michigan experiment
station. At the start Of the test the
clover was 81 to AZ inches high, and
another portion yielded 275 tons of
hay to the acre. Over 40 per cent of
the plants were in bud and nearly Is
per cent were in bloom at that time.
When first turned on the pasture three
Of the cows did not eat the clover
readily. but they soon relished 1t. No
signs Of bloatlng were noted through
out the experiment.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Alfalfa in Full Bloom
Will Produce More Hay

Alfalfa cut In full bloom Is slightly
less palatable but produces more hay
than when cut at beginning Of bloom.
Fields moved earlier die out sooner.
Cutting the alfalfa Just when the new
growth starts from the crown gives
the plants the bast chance Of COM
petlng against weeds and conserves
moisture by keeping the ground shaded
most Of the time. Too late fall cut
ting promotes winter killing. Nebras-
ka station finds that It does not pay
to plant alfalfa In rows and cultivate
for hay.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
k)O(IIR'
X3G
CHICK LOSS IS UNNECESSARY
Timely and Important Points In PeuI-
try Raising Given by Missouri
College Expert.

Though only half the chicks Matched
In Missouri are raised to maturity,
most Of the losses are preventable.
according to NJ. A. Seaton Of the Mis-
souri, College of Agriculture.
At the present time under ordinary
farm conditions the colony system Of
brooding chicks Is preferable. Tho
grees Fahrenheit when the chicks are
placed In the brooder, and then grad
ually decreased to suit the need Of
the chicks. If ample room is supplied
the chicks will regulate their heat by
either crowding closer to the stove or
by moving away.
An abundant supply of clean, fresh
water should be kept before the chicks
at all times In some form Of suitable
drinking fountains. Do not put the
water In an open vessel, such as q
saucer. or the chicks will get Into II
and become chilled.
Feeding Is very important factor
In chick raising. Do not feed the
chick until 1t Is fifty hours old or old
er, as the yolk Is taken into the chicks
body just before 1t is Matched and so
ample food is present for some time.
The first feed should be composed Of
q few grains of clean sand or fine
chick grit. fed in a fiat pan or spread
on a cardboard. This should be fol-
lowed with a feed of rolled oats and
bread crumbs, and for the first few
days Of the chicks life they should be
given three or four feeds of rolled
oats and one feed of hard-bolled eggs.
The rolled oats should gradually be
replaced with some form of grain mix
ture. either cornmeal, chick food or
any form of fine grain mixture. A
dry mash composed of equal weights
of bran, cornmeal and shorts should
be added to the ration at the end Of
the first week. This mash should be
fed sparingly at first and then grad
ually increased. Feed little and often,
and feed all the feed In a dry form.
Milk Is an excellent feed for chicks
and they should be fed abundant sup
ply of It at all times. 1t prevents
many intestinal diseases, supplies VI
tamines and also Is a good source Of
protein, which IL necessary In chick
rations.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
MAKE ALL BROOD soWs WORK
Properly Managed Animal Should
Produce Two LItters Each Year
Roasters In Demand.

The properly managed SOW should
produce two litters a year II the farm
Is equipped for fall pigs. Under such
q system the SOW should fsrrow In
March and again In the early part Of
September. A SOW that was bred about
November 18th will farrow March 9th
TO 9th. BY weaving the pigs at eight
weeks Of age, the sow may be rebred
late In May to farrow In September.
In states where the winters arc
severe. good houses are necessary for
the young pigs born In March. Those
coming In September will almost take
care Of themselves until cold weather.
They are then In need of good care.
or a large number Of runts will re-
suit.
A good demand exists during
Thanksgiving and Christmas for small
pigs for 'roasters." A farmer In
northeastern Iowa has raised pigs for
this special market a number Of years,
and finds II a profitable means Of dis
posing Of his fall pigs.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
INCREASED VALUE OF LAMBS
Decking and castratIsn Of Young AMI
mails Destined fer Market I'm
proves Quality.

prepared BIZ the United States Department,
Of Agriculture)
Docking and castratlon Of lambs des
tined for the market materially in,
creases their market value because Of
improved quality, according to tho
United States Department Of Agri-
culture.
There are several reasons for this.
Docking makes the headquarters Of
lambs appear more blocky and deep.
and II also adds much to the cleanli-
ness Of the animals. Thus they appenr
more attractive to the buyers when
they reach the market. Ewes which
are to be kept In the breeding flock
should also be locked as q very large
portion of the unlocked ewes will fall
to breed
Ram lambs over three months Of
age tend to grow thin and develop
coarse shoulders and neck. Thin
fieshed. coarse. open-shouldered lambs
are not Of q desirable quality. and
when they reach the market they. are
disseminated against by the buyers
because OF these features. II the
lambs are castrnted and locked when
they are few days old their growth
will not be retarded. On the other
hand they will present better appear
ance. and II they have been properly
fed. will have a smooth. desirable I'm
ish at four months Of age. Lambs Of
good quality In this condition COM
mand q premium over bucky and I'M
locked lambs at the markets. Often
times during the period when the Jer-
sey City market Is receiving large num-
bers Of lambs from the eastern states.
lamb prices at that market nuctuate
sharply because Of the high percent
age Of unlocked and bucky lambs
which are Disseminated against by
buyers seeking q highquality product.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
AGENCY TO MARKET PRODUCE
Mississippi Growers Organizing State.
Wide Association to Sell
Their Truck.

Truck growers of Mississippi. with
the assistance Of the Mississippi Agri-
cultural and Mechanical college, are
organizing a statewide association
through which all the produce OF
members will be marketed. The or
ganization Is to be known as the Mis-
sissippi Farm Bureau Truck Associa-
ton, Inc, with headquarters at Jack.
son. Miss. II is the outgrowth Of the
old Mississippi Truck Growers. Inc,
which for the past two years has been
serving as the selling agency for 10
local associations throughout the
state. The new federation expects to
have at least 80 affiliated associations
with a combined output Of 1900 car
loads Of perishable products. Forty.
four towns In the state have Eeen des
ignated - shipping points.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
LIVE STOCK HINTS

Poor feeding Is keeping brood sows
on hundreds Of farms from paying q
profit.
Feed alfalfa hay to brood sows II
pays greater return In this way
than any other.
Damp beds are responsible for pneu-
monia, bowel trouble and skin dis
eases among pigs.
The responsibility Of animal dis
ease control rests with the veterinary
profession. says DIR. r. A. Craig. head
Of the veterinary department Of Pur-
due university.
A good ration for a SOW with pigs
Ii Q parts corn, 8 parts middlings and
10 parts tankage. when. on full feed.
Mixed shipments show a greater
number of killed and crippled hogs
and a greater shrinkage than straight
shipments
The man who consistently follows q
well established live stock system on
his farm is more prosperous than the
man who tries to be In when c0ndi-
tons look good and out when they
look bad
A daily grain ration Of from to
per cent Of the live weight Of the AMI
NAL is usually considered full feed for
q SOW sucking litter.
A eve that has once had cnked nd
der should be fattened and sent tn
market as she will be constant
source Of trouble In the breeding flock.
Losses from hogs crirplet While he
Ing shipped TO market nrc 'r-''''
heavier In November 10
elusive; losses from Killed.
greater In spring months.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
DAIRY HINTS

Everything about the calf should be
scrupulously clean.
Quarters must be clean and dry.
with plenty of bedding.
A scrub bull is worth something to
the butcher, nothing to you.
Good cows may be obtained by pur-
chase and by breeding and testing.
Marks for Identification should be
plain. without disHguring the animal.
Sanctions save milk and prevent
the calves from sucking one another.
Good ventilation is absolutely neces-
sary to the health and comfort of the
cows.
Are you feeding yotr dairy cows for
production or for just keeping them
alive7
A man should not be satisfied with
cows that produce only 200 pounds Of
butterfat.
Calf diseases are largely the result
Of filth and careIessness. Prevention
Is cheapest and best.
Cows are greatly creatures of habit,
and regularity Of feeding mt all times
Is essential for best results.
II costs about as much to raise
calf of inferior breeding. as one with
genuine dairy characteristics.
The more milk the COW produces,
the more economically she produces.
The principle of quantity production
again.
Calves should be- fed sweet milk Of
q uniform temperature and should
always receive little less than they
desire.
Cool cream quickly. Separate milk
as quickly as possible into small
can and set IN cold wafer. Stir and
cool to at least - degrees.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
POULTRY HINTS

When milk Is used as the sole drink
Is necessary.
Poultry raisers who produce caponA
for market should use judgment as to
the breed Of chickens used for this pur-
pose. Leghorns and similar small
breeds, which are essentially egg lay
ers, should not be used.
The young poults should be fed when
forty eight hours old. Eggs, corn
bread and clabbered milk, with hard
boiled eggs occasionally, Is 4 good
starting feed. They should have fresh
water, charcoal and grit, or sand
should be scattered In the pen.
Ducks and geese are quite similar In
their nature, and the same general
rules apply pretty much to both.
It certainly IL fact that the early.
Matched chicks get a good start, and
therefore are better able to stand the
hot weather when II comes.
The brooding of baby chicks IL re.
garded too lightly by many. Very oft.
en- 1t is due to lack Of thought on the
part of the attendant. while again It Is
the utter lack Of knowledge Of the
fundamental principles involved
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Has Effect of Controlling
Diseases and Helps Yield.

prepared by the United States Department
OF AgricultureD
Spraying potntoes with such copper
sprays as bordeaux, pickering sprays,
and barium water sprays not
only has the effect of controlling the
diseases for which they are applied.
but, according to the United States
Department of Agriculture, thorough
and timely spraying usually greatly
increases the yield, influences the
composition of the tubers, and In
creases their keeping qualities.
For many years observers have re-
ported also stimulating effect of
bordeaux mixture ON potato foliage
and gain in Yield even when no
diseases were present. The why and
how of this effect of copper have been
much discussed by scientists and
many experiments made. An interest
Ing contribution to this subject has
lately been made by +. G. Cook OF
the bureau Of chemistry In depart
ment bulletin 1146, where evidence Is
presented to show that bordeaux and
other copper sprays increase the
starch and nitrogen constituents OF
the potato tubers and consequently
make them more valuable for food
and Industrial uses.
The bulletin contains considerable
data collected from number Of sta
lions doing experimental work with
copper sprays on potatoes and should
be Of interest to the plant physiolo
gists and others doing investigational
work Of this nature. Results OBJ
tanned In seven states Virginia
Maine, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, New
York, Connecticut and New Jersey
showed an average of 1851 pounds Of
solids VI the tubers per acre for the
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Combination to Provide
Pasture for Farm Stock

A combination that will provide a
good pasture for sheep. calves and
colts all summer may be secured by
using rape as base. The mixture
consists Of three pounds Of rape. one
bushel Of oats, one-half bushel Of one
or two other small grains. and from
ten to twenty pounds Of sorghum. II
desired ten pounds Of Sudan grass may
be substituted for the sorghum with
satisfactory results.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
INCREASE VALUE OF POTATOES

non-copper sprayed plants and 3.43O
for the copper-sprayed plants. an nv
erage increase OF 1924 per cent. or 48
bushels, due apparently to the use Of
copper sprays The results should
furnish additional support to the prac-
tice Of spraying potatoes.
Those interested may secure copy
Of this bulletin free Of charge upon
request from the United States De-
partment Of Agriculture. Washing.
ton, d. G.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Durability of Leather
Can Be Much Increased

Specialists In the bureau Of chem.
istry. United States Department of Ar.
riculture, have learned that the dura-
bility of machine belts, driving belts,
harness, and other leather articles
used by the farmer can be greatly In
creased after a judicious selection in
the first place by giving them the care
that Will strengthen and preserve
them.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
CALCIUM NEEDED FOR STOCK


The COW. together with the sheep
and horse, must look to Its roughage
to supply the needed calcium. Ere
quently there Is not sufficient calcium
In the roughage or the vitnmin needed
to make II available TO the body Is not
present. This vitamin II present In
green pasture at all times. II silage
has been properly made 1t IL possible
that there will he enough Of the Wit
amin In 1t also to cause the asslmi-
lation Of calcium. II In not well to
count on this. however. for much Of
the SILENCE made ut the present time
Is not properly made.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
SOME CAUSES OF LAMENESS
Rough Activities on Part Of Male Bird
Sometimes BIamed-May Be Due
to Rheumatism.

A bird may be famed apparently
from rough activities on the part Of
the male birds In the flock. Lameness
may also be due to rheumatism caused
by dampness and exposure. Lameness
accompanied by rapid emaciation Is
often a sign of tuberculosis. The spots
on the liver are also symptom. A
laboratory examination Is necessary
to definitely determine II fowls have
tuberculosis.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
SKIM MILK RATION FOR CALF
Substitution Can Be Made In Week
or Ten Days After Animal 10
Two Weeks Old.

When the calf Is two weeks old, It
can be gradually changed from a
ration of whole milk to one of
skim milk by substituting an equal
amount Of skim milk for each por-
ton Of whole milk removed. The
plan of substitution Ia based on the
superstition that the farmer can secure
a limited amount Of skim milk. A
complete substitution can be secured
In a week or ten days. When this
substitution has been completed, a
medium-sized calf ought to be receiv-
ing about twelve pounds of milk daily.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Good Pasture Essential
for Success in Dairying

Among the essentials requisite to
the greatest possible success In the
dairy business Is the establishment of
a good pasture. with which the labor
bill can be cut In half, the feed bill
materially reduced, and an adequate
succulent furnished for the summer
months.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Rat Viruses Unreliable
and Also Quite Costly

Generally unreliable and COSTLY"
the United States Department of Arri-
culture says Of rat viruses. The depart
ment has vigorously urged the destruc.
tion OF rats and co-operated with local
rat-killing campaigns. Farmers Bull.
letins 800 and 932, issued by the de-
partment, describe methods Of destroy
ing rats.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31
Avoid III.FlttIno Collar

You have worn a collar that doesn't
nt' haven't your Well. horse or mule
Is even worse OF with one that Ia t.c
large or too small.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31

Cool cream quickly. Separate milk
as quickly as possible into a small
can and set IN cold wafer. Stir and
cool to at least 80 degrees.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1923-05-31

Calves should be fed sweet milk Of
uniform temperature and should
always receive little less than they
desire.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-04-21
ToDAY'S FISH PRICE

SEATTLE, Apr. 21.-Seattle price for fresh halibut at noon today, l7A cents.