davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09
STOP II!
Why Cough Your
Head Off
Make. Your Own Cough Mixture fer
the Whole Family and Save
Money. It's Easy

When you can make In your own
home wonderful cough mixture far
ahead of any you can buy ready
made, why not do It?
This home made mixture will stop
the most stubborn cough and is fine
for chest colds aud acute catarrh.
Children love 1t.
Get from any druggist one ounce
OF Parmint. double strength)-to
this add little granulated su,.ar
and enough water to make half a.
pint-that's all there is to it.
/. Like a soothing, healing poultice
one costly substance in this home
made cough mixture spreads itself
completely over the membrane of
the throat. This causes the most
stubborn hang-on cough to cease all
most instantly. No ordinary Slow
acting cough syrup contains this ex-
pensive ingredient.
Any remedy that overcomes ca
tarrh, partially or wholly. is bound
to be of benefit to those who are
troubled with head noises and ca
tarrhal deafness.
Get Parmint and get better.-Adv.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09

MISS Hilda Freeman has resumed
ner dulles at the store of Freeman
inc Jeweler after several days alb
sence caused by illness.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09

William Richards of Lewiston.
proprietor of Richards Exclusive
shop in this city was business call
err in town Yesterday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09

MRS. l.. c. Moves and daughter,
Salherine, of Oak street left yester-
Gay for Lee on a two weeks visit.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09

L. N. Jones of Bangor was in town
yesterday on business.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09

additional WatervilIe news and ads
WI be found on Pages Eight and
Nine Of this issue.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-11-09

pect 70 leave about Dec. 10 for Tam
pa, Fla. 70 pass the winter with
their daughter. Mrs. Charles Condor.
Mrs. Rose Baker is confined to her
home with an attack OF tonsilitis.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
ARREST AMERICANS
In RUSSIA FOR LOSS
OF PIG AND PUSHCART

MOSCOW. April l6.-A criminal court
Of RnSSia has held the American Relief
Administration responsible for the death
~ pig Herbert IIpoyer'> organization.
which last summer fed nearly ll.Whunu
Russian s.iiizrnS. may be sued in Rus
sian court for the loss If "A young pork
err and the destruction Of two pushcaris-
II all started when two Russian en-
pIoycs of the A. X. A.. and guard " nm
A. X. a. warehouse. were arrested nrI
the accusation of the warehouse man
asrr. who IL described in the court pro-
cedingS aS Citizen keuhn. after several
petty thefts had occurred from the a.
X. A.. supplies at retrograd.
Dnr ~ the employees. Citizen Timofeov.
owned rig and a push cart. The see
ond empioye owned Il pushcart. The cnSe
against the prisoners was not proved
and the trio were released. During the
period Of their arrest. however, the pig.
deprived uf the care and attention ~
his master. fell i'll aud died: the push
carts were brnkrn. and the indignant
citizens thus drSpoilcd ~ their property
brought suit against the warehouse man
ager who. they held. had falsely caused
their arrest.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
RESIGNATION OF
CAPT. SKIPVITH
ASKED BY KLAN

NEW ORLEANS. April ~. Captain
! X. Skipworsh. exalted cyclopS of the
Morchouse parish kn kiux klan one
of the central figures in the states in
ve~iiratiol into th- kidnapping an,i ~lay
ing' III Watt Daniel and Il. III. Richard,
of Alcr Rouge last August. has been
asked to resign for the good NJ the
orders aud 10 leave Louisiana. accord
ing 30 Information which the New br-
leans Times I'icayune says i has OBJ
tanned frnM Il prominent klanSnan.
According ~ thr newspaper. the re-
quest far Skipworih'S resignation rsin"
from the majority of klanSmen IN More
house Ouaciiiia and Madison parishes.
Captain Skiiworlh. il was stated. re-
fused either tn resign or % leave the
state. maintaining that he was legally
elected cyrlupS and that only The ina
pcria wizard ~ the organization could
remove him. klan~men in the three
parishes il was added. took up the
question with Imperial Wizard Evans
shortly before the differences between
Ipr. Evans and Empnrer Simmons arose
IN Atlanta and il was stated that Dr.
Evans also advised Skipworih ~ resign
and leave Louisiana.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16

revenue fund of $7S0.406, the gov
ernor's message declared.
Neff's message also called atten-
tion 10 the fact that considering the
appropriations already made for the
present year, the state will have a
deficiency of approximately $3,400,-
600 by the close Of the year unless
means are provided to secure addi-
tional revenue.
Senator Charles Murphy of Hous-
ton was elected president pro tenn
of the senate and that body sus-
pended the rules and finally passed
the per diem contingent expense
bills. totalling $4,000. Eight bills
have been introduced in the house,
including the so-called quo war
ranto bill. sponsored by the govern
or seeking the removal of county Of
ficcrs who fail To perform the du-
ties prescribed BY their oath. This
bill failed to pass at the regular
session.
The educational budget bill, car
rying appropriations totaliing 3d.
064, 900 for the first year and So
10000 for the second year. was in
troduced in the senate this after
noon. Senator Clarke introduced a
bill proposing an appropriation of
$6.000,0 900 for the available school
fund for the next two years.
Senator Dudley, who will resign
his seat in the senate 70 become the
mayor Of the city of Ell Paso, asked
today that Vice-C Chairman Wood be
appointed to replace him as chair
man Of the finance committee.
The Nelson bill. seeking to repeal
the act passed at the regular ses-
sion appropriating 100000 for a
and photographic sur
vey for the purposes Of flood con-
troll and reclamation was among the
first bills introduced in the house.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
METHODIST DORMITORY
FOR UNIVERSITY GIRLS

AUSTIN. Texas. April lG.--That the
erosion Of a Methodist dcrmatory for
girls at the University Of Texas II now
an assured fact is the statement Of Mrs.
T. A. Brown of Austin, who has just re-
turned from Woman's missionary con-
ference mt Mobile. Ala. A meeting Of the
representatives from each or the differ
en- district conferences of Texas will
be held in Austin May Is. and site for
the dormitory will be selected as that
time. OF the 100000 which will 20 into
the actual construction Of the do-mito-
ry, $4,000 will come from the general
centenary fund " fhr Methodist church.
The remaining S5i.a 400 has hren secured
from the eight district conferences Of
this state. II is estimated that $4,000
will be necessary TO buy suitable site
for the location cf the dormittory. Aus
tin Mcfhodists are being depended on 10
furnish that amount.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
LATE INVENTION
IN AN ELECTRICAL
VOTING MACHINE

NEW YORK. April i6.-Day by day. in
every way. electricity j. certainly prov
ing itself not any more and more won
derful but more and more useful and
more an absolutely integral part OF
mans daily life and needs.
Now it seems that youth of twenty
five has invented an electrical voting
machine which will not only speed iegis-
lation but will save the nation thousands
upon thousands or dollars over the for
mer methods Of voting by calling the
ROLL as -practiced at the national capi-
toll
This new electrical invention provides
for four switch buttons nj the seat of
each member Of the house OF representa-
tives The device j. constructed that
one person at u time can use II and each
congressman will have key to unlock
the apparatus ut his seat
If he wishes TO vote "yes" on meas
urc. ne presses one button: for ''nay' he
presses Il second button: and third. reg
listers him az present and fourth but
ton permits him to correct a mistake
on his vote, should he wish to change.
This ingenious new contrivance IS
operated somewhat like nm adding ma
chine but all operations are, Of course.
automatic Moreover 1t IL supplied with
mechanical recorder cabinet giving an
infaIlible and detailed report on each
measure-how many members voted. how
many abscntecs there were and the
number of ayes and noes
Future legislation. both national and
civic will undoubtedly be greatly influ-
cncei by this invention Of Mr.. Marshall
r. Thompson-influence to an extent
which will mean a quicker and less cost
lv passing Of laws and will thus tend
towards more efficient and finer gov
crnment.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
Houston Girl SmaSheS
Non Stop Dance Record;
Dancing for 65 Hours

IIpi SToN. Texas April ~ Sixty
five hours and twenty nine minutes.
That il The answer of Il Texas girl ID
the w"ull-bc world champion long dis
tancc dancers 81 New York and t'lnvr-
land. The record WAS made ~ MrNil-
lens dancing arad.iny here II roui lc>
having set "Ht al c.i1 y. ~. Thursday
with a cash prize and trip to New
York n a goal for The best record
Pretty Miss Mag,lalcne Mn ans.
winner ia recent Rudolph Valentino
beauty contest. danced steadily through
two days and three nights AMI th..
greater part of the third day. while
couple after couple dropped pul around
her. To the very last there was very
little evidence of exhaustion about her
and. for swan song. she staged ~
lively II one Step n She din on the first
night. Three Houston dancers broke the
world record established M Baltimore
Saturday When they continued dancing
beyond -,:49 "A. ~. sunday Doctors pre-
vailed on Miss Gol,lie Hughes TO drop
out shortly after :, o'clock and leave th,.
contest 20 Miss Williams and T. kra>lcr
~ -. y. IN. sunday. krS>ler was ruled
oil the floor a. a result ~ ms apparent
inability 10 keep time a. the music. or
To de- any real dan,-ns-
Miss Wiriam> first announced She
would 20 on through Sunday 20 . y. m.
making a 1.hnur record. Doctors felt
her pulse and offered ns serious obirs
tionS and the dance continued despite
protests 81 the ball management The
young auburn-haired miss had a SCRAP,
for all who advised her te quit. and ap-
parently She had plenty Of vitality left.
but note from her parents prevailed
aud she consented IL leave the floor ~
;:nS i. m.. after having hcrn cantinu-
om~ly on il for more than siNiy-fiye
hours
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
PLEADS GUILTY
TOROBBERY:IS
GIVEN 5 YEARS
Lorenzo Juan Pleads Guilty
to Victoria Heights Hold
up and is Given Minimum
Sentence

Lorenzo Juan plead guilty in district
criminal court this morning to a charge
Of robbery with deadly weapons. and
was given prison sentence Of five
years by the jury which was only out
few minutes. After the completion OF
the jury panel. about IL o'clock. the
trial of the case and securing a verdict
took less than an hour.
Juan. with two other young men.
held up a man named Reyes last fall in
Victoria Heights and robbed him.
Charges against one Of the young men
have been dismissed. while the other
will be tried in juvenile court.
This is the fourth penitcnIiary sen
tence returned by juries during the
present special term OF the district
criminal court. Juan was given the min
imum sentence for robbery with a
deadly weapon when he plead guilty and
asked the court for a, light sentence.
The hold up occurred on the 18th Of
last August, and the victim Maurecio
Reyes was stabbed several times by
Juan, and was not expected 10 live Reyes
even made "A dying statement of the af-
fair. although he surprised physicians by
recovering
The boys robbed him Of $3.50 and
when he said that he had no more non
ey. they stabbed him. according TO the
testimony brought out in the case.
No Verdict in Pesos Case.
The jury which is out on the case of
Emilio Pesos had not reached verdict
by noon today, and in all probability
will fail 20 agree on a verdict. resulting
in another hung jury and the probable
dismissal cf the case from the docket
The jury was charged at o'clock
Saturday afternoon, and has been out
since that time. II was rumorcd shortly
after the retirement Of the jury that the
twelve men stood about even for an ac-
quttal or conviction. although nothing
definite was heard.
Pesos was charged with the. murder
Of Venigno Munoz. who was killed on
the 18th Of October Of last year. The
shooting occurred near the city Gene
terry in Brownsville. The defense in the
case was the possibility Of the shooting
having occurred through accident, and
drunkenness.
The jury this afternoon at lao re-
ported that ID xtin stood six to six for
cC9viction or acquittal and the judge
sent the jury back TO consider the case
further.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
EMPLOYMENT
SHOWS GAINS
DURING MONTH

WASIIINGTU\. ~. IN. ApriI To-
Preliminary figures On the employment
situation during March show an increase
over the preceding month of two aud
on half per cent in rhe number of em-
ploseS. and five per cent increase IN
th. total amount of wages paid. There
was also Il two and eight -trnth~ per cent
increase iii the average weekly wage.
according 10 report issued today by the
bureau of Labor Statistics of the De-
partmrni If Labor.
The Increase in employment was
shown Ia ...4:; industries. the greatest
increases being IN fertilizer. brick. steel.
shipbuilding. paper and pun, industries.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
FORMER GOVERNOR
OF MISSISSIPPI is
GIVEN THIRTY DAYS

OXFORD. Miss. April iG.-Theodore
i.ilho former governor nf Nii~~iS~ippi
went "a the Lafayette county Jail ta'lav
10 ~erv. 4 sentence ~ thirty days III
Jail for contempt ~ court.
He appeared before Judge T.. X.
Holmes in the tniied States district
court pf norihern Mississippi in answer
10 the charges ~ contempt cited against
him when he failed ~ appear before
the court last Drrrmb"r a. 4 witness
for Miss rnuriS l,irkhcad ia her ul-f
,.essful suit for Slr0Wn against Gov
ernor lee Russell in which she alleged
~ednefian
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
VENIRE SUMMONED In
SAMPLES MURDER CASE
eRv The Associated press)

CANADIAN. Texas April ~ \
special vrnirr III one hundred men was
Summoned here today for the trial "
William Nioler on the indictment charg-
ing murder in March of Noah Samples.
Samples body was found in n cellar near
ranadian several DAYS after the killing.
The defendant " alleged ~ have con
frSsr, ~ the ~lasin- ~ Samples. givin.
robbery ~ his motive. according &"
sheriff Sfickley.
The counsel for the defense filed nh
application for change If venue s""n
after the ease was called The court
then r-r.~~rd until afternoon AMI -
give thr defense time ~ bring IN wit
nes~r~ to support their contention that
Meier cannot BE- given u fair trial here.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
FRANCE REAFFIRMS
POLICY REGARDING
RUHR OCCUPATION
NV Thr ASsorinted Press. J

PARIS. April ~ ieaffirming the
intention . fEranrr ~ Withdraw from the
recently occupied territory only n
';rrmnny makes reparalleuS payments.
Premier l'oincaire. in a speech AT Dun
Kirk Yesterday asserted that the three
months occupation ~ the linhr had con
vinrcd France ~ t;rrnnny'S ability 10
meet coal deliveries a. provided III the
Preparations conditions.
The premier said that France was con
yiicrd thar Germany c"uld make the
coal deliveries required If her and that
MaS evident thar German industries
were able to get along without tuhr
coal.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
CLARA PHILLIPS
Been TRACED TO
west INDIA isle

los ANGELES. Calf, April III
Mrs. Clara Phillips. who escaped from
jail here last December after having
been sentenced to ten years for beating
Mrs. Alberta Meadows to deais with
hammer. has been traced a. the island
of san Salvador. according 4" a copy
rghird story in the Los Angeles Ex
aminer today.
The apprehension If the c"nvicfc ceI
murdereS> is expected momentariy. ac-
cor,liss to the newspaper
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
NEW TELESCOPE FOR RUSSIA

ST. AT.BANS. England. April ls.-
One of the most wonderful telescopes
in The world il nearing completion here
for shipment to the Nikolaieff 0bserva-
tory. Russia. II weighs about nine tons,
the inside diameter j. 45 feet. the re-
fracting telescope for photography =
32 inches. and the whole will be fitted
10 a revolving turret Of steel.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR WEEK

For the West Gulf States: Generally
fair with temperature below normal
first part Of the week and normal there
after.
For the Southern Rocky Mountain and
Plateau Regions: Generally fair with
moderate temperature.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
GALVESTON MAN
IS CONSUL FOR
GERMAN NATION

GALVESTON. Texas. April To-
Julius JockuSrh Galveston exporter.
to-day assumed thc duties of provisional
consul for the German government.
marking the resumption of consular rep
reScniation here after the interruption
caused ~ the war.
.IaSustli'x father was the first Ger
man consul in Texas being appointed Ia
1851.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
BISHOP FUTILE IMPROVES

>T Louis. Mo. April ~ IiiShoI,
Daniel : TnttIr. head If the Episcopal
church in America. who rallied fran "A
sinking spell Yesterday. maintained the
Improvement Sunday. according tc an
announcement bs hi> physicians The
aged l,relate has been critically i'll FOR
Six weeks
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
SECOND LIBERAL
UP FOR TRIAL AT
ST. JOE, MICHIGAN

ST JOSEPH. Mich. April s.char.
les Ruthcnbcrg ~ Cleveland Ohio. ma
tionally known as y liberal. IL the sec
ond person to face prosecution under tho
Michigan syndicalism law. The order for
th. trial was issued today.
William Foster. who was the first 20
be tried was acquitted. Ruthrnbcrg IA
charged with assembling with an organ
ization advocating liberal methods for
bringing about social and political re-
form.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
in Well
Poisoned, Five
Persons Ill


FORT WORTH. Texas. April i6.-
Five members of the family of I. X.
Burnett. a merchant at Paradise.
Texas. are Mffcring tsday from ill
mes caused By the drinking Of poi
soned water. An analysis of the
water showed that il contained
large quantities of poison.
The poisoning Of .ae well follows
clio ely the BURNING Of Burnrtt's
store. which l. believed To have been
caused by an incindiars.
Physicians stated today that all
the victims of the poisoning will re-
cover.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
NINE JAP CHILDREN
BURN in SCHOOL FIRE

SACRAMENTO, Calf. April l5.-
Nine Japanese children pcr;shed in
fire that swept thn Japanese Mission
school here today Twcnty-four children
were trapped in The building. but fifteen
succeeded in making their escape.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
Cancellation of japanese
Agreement Announced Today
by the State Department

WASHINGTON. ID. G. April is.--Can.
collation. Of the celebrated Lansing -Ishii
agreement between the United States and
Japan was formally announced by the
state department today Communications
dated April ~. were made simultaneous.
ly in Washington and Toxic.
The cancellation of the agreement
gives clear effect 10 the nine power
treaty negotiated by the arms confer
enre restoring parity Of interest betwcef
the Japanese and American governments
in China.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
BRITISH Budget
REPORT TODAY IS
VERY OPTIMISTIC

LONDON. Arril ~ Stanley Baldwin.
chancellor OF the cxchcquer. in making
his budget statement before the house
OF commons today said that the past
years surplus Of one hundred million
pounds had gone far toward the reduc
tson of the national debt.
Hi report indicated that the financial
condition Of the government during the
year just closed became steadily better
rs il proceeded Commerce, both at
home and abroad has improved and un-
employment i steadily decreasing.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
PISTOL TOTINC CASE
CONTINUED BY COURT

GEnasETOWN. Texas. April l6-
The charges II carrying pistols. made
against X. lIcwicii chief ~ I,nirr ~
Taylor. AMI fnur other residents nf that
city. were continued ~ Iuly III IN agree
n,rni The eases were The nutgrowfh Of
Investigations in connection with the
recent attack on X; ". l'urleson.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
DALLAS MINISTER
KILLED I'm AUTO
ACCIDENT in ARIZ.
nEv The Assoriatrd rressl

DALLAS. Texas. April 10 Reverend
Fred Richards. formerly Presbyterian
minister here. and later missionary
was killed in an automobile accident
near Phoenix, Ariz., according to pri-
vate advices received here.
He was well known in Corsicana and
Tyler and his death is said to have oc-
Cured on April 2.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
DOGS KILL CATTLE
tBy The Associated Press,


Ell PASO. Texas. April i6---A number
of wild dogs ARE feeding. on cattle be-
tween ri Paso and Almagordo. N. NJ e.
pecially near Newman, n. VI. ranchmen
report. According to men who have seen
the dogs, they appear to be cross be-
tween wolf and bulldog. The animals
also are reported 10 have all the cum
ming OF a wolf or coyote
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
AUTO HITS CROWD. KILLS TWO

PITTSFIETD. Mass. April Is'.--A
speeding automobile last night crashed
into a crowd Of people waiting for n
trolley ear here. killing two persons al-
in"st instantly. seriously injnrina two
more and carrying away n three year
old child presumably on the bumper.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
Dance Marathon
- - - - -
in Chicago to Start
- =. - - =.
Tuesday April "a

CHICAGO. April H. A trrpiSrhnrean
marathon. Acclaimed the first in The nil
c,l States under proper guidance will
start here Aprii ~. under the auspices
If the chieago Chapter of the National
and International Dancing Masters As
sociation. Attempts will b. made tu
Shatirr the present record.
Herman Eund~cn. health commissioner
stated this morning that hi~ department
would not interfere with the tournament.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
FATHER DILLON
SENTENCED TO
LIFE IN PRISON

KALAMAZOO. Mich April 16.-
The Rev. Father Charles Dillon. con-
fessed slayer of Reverend Father
Henry O'NeiIl Of the st. Augustine
Catholic church lat Thursday. was
sentenced to life Imprisonment at
hard labor by Judge Weimer in cir
cult court here today
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
MICHIGAN BISHOP DIES

rARI>. April III The Right Rev.
s:er~hom Mott Williams. former bishop
of Marquette Mich. died nj midnight
Saturday in the American hospital here.
lie had bren IN for two weeks. Bishop
Williams. on Palm sunday. preached
what he then announced A. his last SER
mon.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
CONGRESSIONAL
is APPOINTED

WASHINGTON. ID. G. April 16.-An
executive order permitting the appoint
ment Of Miss Alice Robertson. former
representative from Oklahoma, as a well
fare worker in the Veterans Bureau.
was signed today BY President Harding.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1923-04-16
Special Session Convenes
This Morning; Both Houses
Busy on Bills Submitted

AUSTIN Texas April i6Boh houses of the Thtyeighh legislature
established
in
and on hundred n the house.
the
the first considerations the