davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glenwood post., 1923-08-16
Remedy for Peach Borer
Proves lOO9o Effective

GOV E. RNM ENT Investigators
~ have finally found an effective
weapon to use against the Peach
Borer," an insect which has been
causing an annual loss of about
$10,000,000 to peaches, plums,
prunes, nectarines and almonds.
"Paradichloroben is the scien-
tif1c name of the discovery, but 1t
is probable that it will be known
by its shorter and less formidable
name, "paracide."
Two men are jointly responsible
for the discovery and Its develop
ment. They are DR.. A. L. Quaint
ance, Entomologist in Charge, Fruit
Insect Investigations of U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, and DR..
Alvah Peterson, Assistant State En-
tomologist of New Jersey.
The Peach Borer has been one
of the orchardist's most power
full enemies. Until the develop
ment of paracide, the one means
Of combating it was by cutting 1t
out of the tree with a knife or
digging it out with a stiff wire.
Both methods were expensive,
tedious and uncertain. Oftentimes
these crude methods caused as
much damage as the borer itself
and frequently resulted in shorten
ing the life of the tree.
The Peach Borer Is white worm
which feeds on the outer layers Of
the tree trunk or large roots, and
may be detected by masses of
gum containing sawdust-like parti-
cles which exude from the trunk
near the ground. Later 1t becomes
a moth which lays many eggs, but
1t is as a worm that it is destruc-
tive.
Paracide should be applied in
the fall. Early October is best in
the South, late September for
West Virginia and the Ozarks, and
early September in the North. At
these times the larvae which would
mature the following spring can
be killed. The ground around the
tree ia made clean and smooth,
and one ounce of the material Is
strewn in a circle that is every
where about two inches from the
trunk. It is covered by a few
shovelfulls Of earth which are
patted down by the back of the
shovel and left for at least six
weeks. The earth mound is then
removed. Paracide volatilizes un-
der the ground and forms gas five
times heavier than afr. The gas,
The Glenwood post., 1923-08-16

Of foil between 1t and the bottom
paper. Next, place the other, frayed
and spread the same way, on the upper
piece of foil at the opposite end and
with few drops Of hot parafflne fix
them In place on the edges Of the
paper. Then, roll the whole, being
careful not to displace the foil (this
may be secured to each piece Of paper
with a few drops of parafilne at the
edges) and form small cylinder Fig
25. Wind the cylinder tightly with
fine thread at each end, as shown, or
wrap with adhesive tape and dip the
whole into hot paraffine In using this
condenser with crystal set it Is only
necessary to shunt, or connect 1t,
across your phone receiver wires, but
If using it in a vacuum tube set you
must use grid-leak Shunted across
it. This is merely piece of cardboard
placed between two binding-posts or
terminals and with several soft lead
pencil lines drawn across 1t from post
to post. In order to be sure that a
good connection is made, draw pencil
marks about the holes where posts are
to be inserted. The distance between
posts should be not over five-eighths
of an inch. Sometimes drawing ink
(made of carbon, for writing ink will
not serve) is used in place of lead
pencil, but the latter has the advantage
that the lines can be varied or ad-
justed to give best results by means
of an eraser
Variable condensers are much more
difficult to make and while any In
genious boy can make them, 1t Is
usually cheaper to purchase them
ready made. There are two common
forms, one known as the sliding plate,
Fig. 90, the other as the rotary Fig. 27.
The former consists Of number OF
metal plates, which slide back and
forth in frame, case or box provided
with grooves and fixed plates. The
rotary type consists Of a number of
semicircular plates of metal so ar
ranged as to rotate or swing past
series of fixed discs. In each form,
the air spaces between the plates cor
respond to the waxed paper between
the strips of foil on the fixed con-
densers. By means Of either of these
two variable forms, fine adjustment
Of capacity may be obtained. Many
people cannot understand the func-
ton of condenser. but, broadly
speaking, it is to store up electrical
energy and then suddenly release 1t,
as the current passing through is in.
terrupted, varied or broken. or, In
other words, to Increase the oscilla-
tionS.
Although most small sets will op-
crate with fixed condenser and q
variable one is not necessary, yet the
variable type will always improve the
receiver and will permit much finer
tuning than tuning coil Of any type
by itself.
The Glenwood post., 1923-08-16
MADE THE ENaLIsHMAN GASP
Amusing Error Which American Am.
bassador to England Took With
Customary Good Nature.

In his book Of "reminiscences Mn
John Drew, the famous actor, tells this
amusing Incident that occurred under
his own eye at one Of those reconcil-
ing celebrations of the Fourth of July
which have for years been held in
London with both Englishmen and
Americans in attendance
After the two national anthems were
sung the supper room opened, and the
people flocked in and found seats for
themselves. Lewis and I were sitting
next to an EngIlshman who was evil
IDENTIFY very hungry and very thirsty
Mr.. Phelps, the American minister,
walked into the room and looked
round over the tables. He wore side
whiskers and TO chance observer
The Glenwood post., 1923-08-16
THE HOME RADIO
How to Make and Use Il 90 By A. HYATT VERRIIL
0-O'' ~--~ p
XII. CoNDENsERs

These appliances are a most impOr-
tant part of wireless set, as with
out them the oscillations, even If
detected by the instruments, would
be very weak and faint. They are
divided broadly into two classes known
as Fixed Condensers and Variable
Condensers. the former being the simp-
lest, and the latter the most efficient,
for while fixed condenser is always Of
one capacity and can only be increased
or decreased by adding to or SUBJ
tracing from the number of sheets
the variable type may be altered or
adjusted at will by a knob or handle,
thus tuning or adjusting the receiving
circuit exactly as a tuning coil is ad-
justed, but much more delicately, as
the adjustment of tuning coil con-
sists in shortening the length of coil
by jumping connections from one turn
of wire to another to alter wave
lengths, whereas, the condenser ad-
justment is slow, even and gradual and
alters capacity; but it must not be
forgotten that for wireless telephony
receiving, both a condenser and some
sort of coil or similar device must be
employed to get satisfactory results.
The simplest form of fixed condenser
consists of number of alternating
sheets of tin-foil and waxed paper or
mica, the alternate sheets of foil be-
ing connected by wires which are in
turn connected with the terminals
where required.
To make fixed condenser it is only
necessary to lay sheets of tin-fol be-
tween sheets Of waXed paper and con-
meet them. A very efficient little
fixed condenser, to be used by shunt-
ing across the receivers of a small set,
or as grid-condenser with vacuum
tube set, can be made as shown in
Fig %. Have some smooth tin-foil,
free from holes or tears, and cut two
pieces about one inch in length and
one-half an inch wide. Then from
thoroughly waxed paper-which can
be purchased or can be made by soak
ing good quality writing paper In
parafiine waX-cut three pieces 21a
inches in length and 2 inches wide On
one Of these pieces place a piece of
the foil then cover this with second
strip of paper, place the other strip of
foil over this and cover with the
last strip Of paper. Be very sure that
the edges of the tin-foil are we'll with
In the margins of paper and are ac-
curately In line or centered. In fact,
before placing them, it is wise to draw
square the size of the foil on each
piece of paper, spacing 1t equidistant
from edges, and arrange the foil to fit
this, Fig. "a. Next cut two pieces of
light wire five or six inches long
(fleXible stranded wire Is best), spread
the strands at one end of each piece
apart and place one Of these frayed
and spread ends on the lowest piece
The Glenwood post., 1923-08-16

looked not unlike a maitrs d'hotd
The Englislfman, not knowing who b
was, mistook him for one Of the watt
ers and asked him to bring him q
bottle of Apollinaris. He pointed, y
bottle nearby that had been openA6
Phelps good-naturedly took the bottle
and put 1t down in front Of the Eng
lishman and started to walk away.
The Englishman was irate because
Phelps had net filed his glass. He
reprimanded him and as he did 20
stood up and called to the retreatint
figure: "What do you mean by thisf
And who are your
Phelps turned and answered: my
name is Phelps. l am the American
minister at the Court Of st. James's,"
The Engllshman fell back in his
chair so violently that he knocked the
chair over backward.-Youth's Com
panion.
pC1
The Glenwood post., 1923-08-16

completely encircling tie tres.
smothers the pest but unless
wrongly applied does no damage
to the tree.
Careful records show that the
treatment costs about 2 cents per
tree for labor and material, and
that results are nearly 100 per cent
effective. In one large orchard 22,-
900 trees we're treated by SO men in
three days, and in some 300 trees
examined later only one Borer was
found.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
Car Hauled Four Days
To Cover a Few Miles

New York-To force railroads to
join with the city in developing a uni
fed terminal system port authorities
exposed some boasted efficiency of
railroads.
1t was shown how a tank car filled
with linseed oil routed from Under
cliff, N. j., to Bayonne, N. j., dis
tance of 1919 miles, travelled 1872
miles and took four days to reach it's
destination. The car travelled through
several New Jersey cities, and also
Easton, Pa, before reaching Bayonne.
In reply to the claim of railroad at
torneys that this case is exceptional,
engineers said these instances could
be cited without number.
1t was also shown that car shipped
from Underclff to Keansburg, N. j.,
a distance of AZ miles, travelled 1877
miles. Still another example was a
car shipped from one part of Jersey
City to another part of the same city,
distance of four miles. The car was
routed so that it travelled Sd miles
and took four days for the, journey.
General George w. Goethals, con-
sulting engineer, testified that the uni
fication plan would be much less ex-
pensive and much more efficient. It
developed that three railroads have
refused to give any information to
the authorities to aid them in the
proposed efficiency scheme.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
Huge Lumber Waste
In Mills and Woods

Washington-For every 800 feet of
lumber cut at sawmills in the United
States, at least 700 feet are wasted
in the woods or at the mills, o. M.
Butler, representing the American
forestry association, said at hearings
before the senate reforestration COM
mittee.
Mr.. Butler told the committee of a
survey by the forestry association in
a chair factory, where, he said, so per
cent Of the lumber had been wasted.
A billion and quarter feet also could
be saved, he said, by chemical treat
ment of railroad ties to prevent decay
The witness said mills find it un-
profitable to ship low-priced timber
over long distances. Freight rates
are as high for poorer grades as for
those of better quality.
Elimination of waste, coupled with
proper government research work
would reduce by one-fourth the
amount of lumber now used, Mr.. But
Ter said.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
Free Speech Victory
In Logan Co., W. Va.

Logan, w. Va.-A significant vic
tory for free speech has just been
won in the "closed' territory of Lo-
gan County, w. Va, when the Ameri-
can Civil Liberties Union held a meet
ing on the steps of the Logan County
court house and discussed "What
shall the Federal Coal Commission
be told about Logan" defying the in
junction recently issued by Judge
Bland to the coal operators forbidding
any interference with non-union con-
ditions in that county.
The Civil Liberties meeting, held
in the heart of the non-union coal
district, closed for years to free
speech on coal questions marked the
onening of a determined test there
of constitutional rights. The meeting
was held under the joint auspices of a
Citizens Committee, of which Nor
man Hapgood is chairman and the
American Civil Liberties Union.
Addresses were made by Rev.
Henry S. Huntington, associate editor
of Christian Work, New York, and
Arthur Garfield Hays, the New York
attorney who won the free speech
hSiiC against IllC ClllISy wanna SOdl
barons in Vintondale last summer.
At first Sheriff Chain refused the
Civil Liberties Union permission to
use the Logan court house for the
meeting. The manager of the the
atre at Logan also refused to rent his
place, stating that "the only place
they could hold the meeting was on
the bottom of the river" A local
citizen, however, with a fighting be-
lief in constitutional rights offered
his private pronerty. At the last
moment Sheriff Chain chanoed his
mind and the meeting was held as
scheduled on the steps of the court
house.
Following the meeting Prof. Harry
F. Ward, chairman of the American
Civil Liberties Union, announced that
further free-speech MEETINGS would
be held in Logan county in co-opera-
ton with labor organizations whose
representatives had been refused the
right to speak there.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
CARPENTERS to Vote
On Home and Pension

Indianapolis, Ind.-After lorg con-
sideration on the question of estab-
fishing a home and pension system,
the general executive board of the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners has submitted these pro-
positions to the referendum:
"Shall the board of trustees be
authorized to purchase land to be used
for a home for the aged and infrm
members of our organization, to be
owned and controlled by the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Join
crs of America
"Shall the per capita to the general
office be increased 10 cents per mem
Der per month, and be placed in a
special fund for the home and pen
sion purposcs?"
A home and a pension fund have
been discussed by the carpenters for
years, and conventions have author
lied general officers to study the pro-
DOc3lc
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
NEWARK. OHIO, FRIDAY. APRIL 20, to2;
'Skin-Game Played by
Coal Barons

ter that the United Mine Workers of
that it seeks monopoly of labor. In
the same brief and letter these two
lawyers claim that they represent 70
per cent of the bituminous coal pro-
duction of the United States.
Talk about monopoly. What could
be more monopolistic than the as
sembling Of 70 per cent of the total
bituminous coal production under the
direction of two shrewd New York
lawyers?
The United Mine Workers of
America is not monopoly of mine
labor, nor does it expect ever to exer-
else any monopolistic power. By
banding together in this Union, the
miners of the country undertake to
assure themselves a fair and just rate
of wages for their labor. They do not
ask more than that, nor will they ac-
cept less. They want an income from
their labor that will be sufficient to
enable them to support their families
on a decent American level of living.
We do not know the size Of the fee
that this 70 per cent Of the bitumi-
nous coal production of the country
is paving these two New York law
vers for their activities in this case.
There is a storv afoat in Washington
to the effect that the operators are
paying these two LAWYERS $130,000.
We do not vouch for the correctness
of this figure. We do say, however,
that it comes with poor grace from
lawyers receiving huge fees in this
case even to suggest that $1,28 to
S2.67 day would he enough wares
for coal mine worker or anv other
laborer.
The United Mine Workers of
America will not consent to believe
that such brutal suggestions will
carry any weight with the Commits
sion or with the American public.
We do not believe these lawyers and
their non-union clients can prevent
the public from demanding an ex-
nianation of the unholy gouge in
West Virginia non-union coal prices
which has cost the American coal
consuming public many millions of
dollars in the last few months.
They must first tell the public WIN
they are now charging S4.00 to $3.50
a ton for West Virginia smokeless
coal at the mines which thew sold at
the mine sa year ago. for from S115
to S2.75. when there has been no ir-
crease in the cost of production and
no increase in the wages of miners.
That's what the public wants to
know. and we do not believe it will
he willing to listen to much else until
that question is answered.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
Trusts Low Wages
Raised Four Cents

New York-With a blare of trum-
pets, the steel trust announces a wage
increase of IL per cent to it's "com-
mon" labor. This is an increase of
cents an hour, or from 36 cents to
40 cents. Last year the trust made
a profit of $39,653, ,455, after all
charges and interest were paid.
In the trusts official announcement
no mention is made of the low wage
paid this class of workers, but en-
phasis is placed on the II per cent
which sounds better to those who have
visions that steel trust labor is paid
81 and So day.
The trusts policy will be accepted
by other mills throughout the coun-
try. These corporations bemoan the
shortage of labor, and insists that they
have free access to the Balkans and
eastern Europe, the source of the
cheapest white labor in the world and
which is willing to work for 36 cents
an hour.
Mill owners have been forced to
raise wages even to 40 cents to hold
their labor. Almost everywhere else
this gfdue OF laDOf is fecflI4HS lIonl
55 cents an hour up.
The reason for the 10, II and II
hour day in the trusts mill is again
shown. Workers can not live on a
wage of $500 for 10-hour day, and
they are forced to work longer hours
to receive living wage.
With fine irony Judge Gary has
been quoted in the public press as de-
claring that the 12-hour day is en-
forced in the trust mills "because the
workers demand it."
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
CAN'T CONVICT
THE HERRIN CASES PETER OUT
DEFENDANTS FREED
After Two Acquittals the Twenty.
Two Remaining Cases Quashed
at Request of Prosecution

Marion, Ill.-Following a verdict of
mot guilty in the second trial of al
legged Herrin rioters, the "a other
cases have been quashed at the re-
quest of the prosecution. The ac-
cused proved alibis and discredited
witnessed for the state.
State Attorney General Brundaye
took an especial interest in these
cases and his assistant, Middlekauff,
who aided the county attorney in he
prosecution, snarled that there is no
justice in Williamson county.
To Middlekauff's slur on the court
and his cheap bid for sympathy from
anti-union sources, Presiding Judge
HartWell replied:
"The prosecution were loud in their
praise Of the court until now. | admit
Mr.. Middlekauff's superiority in being
able to make use of the newspapers.
He tries his cases there better than
In the courthouse. What he says will
be accepted away from here and by
very few in this vicinity. The cases
were nollied and he is going away,
and he doesn't care much what he
says or who he hurts, just so he can
Law the blame on somebody for his
failure to. convict in the cases Just
tried. Nobody knows better than /
do of the prejudice that exists all
over the country growing out of these
killings. | have not condoned, justi-
fled or excused these killings. | do
not do so now | tried my best to
give both sides fair trial. The pro-
secution were loud in their praise of
the court until now"
The trials were the result of the
killing of a score of strikebreakers
and gun men by mob of 5000 per-
sons at Herrin, this county, on the
morning of June 22, 1922. The i'm
ported, men were armed with machine
guns and high power rifles. They as
saulted citizens, became involved in
hold ups, and closed one public high
way. When they killed three un-
armed miners the mob of citizens,
with its defiance of law, followed.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20

Washington = The United Mine
Workers of America, in communi-
cation filed with the United States
Coal Commission, challenged the non
union coal companies of West Vir-
ginia to undertake to defend and
justify what the miners designate as
"a skin-game that is being practiced
on the American citizen" and q
"gouge of the coal consumers pocket
book" in the prices charged for the
West Virginia non-union coal The
communication is a reply to the brief
filed with the Coal Commission by
attorneys representing the Bitumi-
nous Operators Special Committee
and in part is as follows:
We have just finished the reading
Of two literary productions that de-
serve to take their place among the
masterpieces of the worlds fiction
They are prepared and written by two
highly-paid New York LAWYERS who
know as little about the present coal
problem as any two men in the United
States.
These two expensive lawyers make
no attempt to explain why non-union
coal companies of West Virginia, who
furnish large part Of the money to
pay their fees, are gouging the
American coal consuming public by
charging 100 to 200 per cent more
for their coal now than they charged
for the same coal year ago, although
there has been no increase in the
cost of production and no increase in
the wages of coal miners.
The United Mine Workers of
America challenges these two high
powered, well-oiled New York lawyers
and their non-union coal company
clients to deny this charge that a
skin-game is being practiced on the
American citizen who is compelled to
buv their coal with which to keep his
family warm, or to give any reason
able, logical or valid excuse for this
gOuge Of the consumers pockebook
The United Mine Workers of
America had hoped that the United
States Coal Commission might pro-
ceed with the duty of guDplving the
Commission with facts that would be
helpful.
But this pair of New York legal
twins and their non-union coal COM
pany clients have strayed far from
that path by seeking to divert the
attention of the Commission and the
public from the essential and all-im-
portant facts. We do not propose
that they shall get away with any
thing of that kind.
These two New York lawyers tell
the Commission in their brief and let
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
Railroads Seeing Boom
Drop Poverty Plea

New York-At meeting of the
American railway association in this
city plans were discussed to handle
the largest volume of traffic in the
history of the country. The boom is
expected to be at its height in October
when the output of farms, factories,
mills and workshops will break all
records.
The railroad managers made nc
mention of the usual poverty and hard
luck story that of late has become as
sociated with meetings of railroad
managers and financiers.
There was nothing said about "tho
strangling of the transportation sys-
tenn" and the "destruction of initiative
and individual effort" Instead. the
railroad managers announce that since
January I, 1922, they have authorized
81, $40, 100000 for improvements and
equipment, to meet the growing de
mands of commerce The money is
being raised, said the railway asso-
citation, "largely through borrowed
money on the abiding faith in the fair
ness of the American people and a
reliance on the continuance of the
policy announced in the TRANSFORMATION
act Of 1920 as measure of reason
able protection to investment n rail
road property"
This sentiment is in contrast tc
previous declarations that the rail
roads have their backs to the wall
Now We are told that the fairness OF
the American people" can be relied
upon, and that the transportation act
with its guarantee of interest on in.
vestment, is satisfactory to the rail
roads.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-04-20
Shortage in Labor
Is Largely Fiction

New York--With the adjournment
Of congress and the failure to secure
free immigration, employers have
abandoned their shortage-of-labor
claim.
The national industrial conference
board, representing score of employ
ers' organizations, states that there is
not ogreat a. labor shortage as is
frequently supposed from current re-
ports.
The estimate is based on returns
from more than 1000 manufacturing
establishments in all parts of the
United States.