davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-08-19
BY BEN McKELwAY.

II VERYBODY knows it's long
r. way from the hide on the
IL back of Farmer Jones cow
to the shoes on Neighbor
Smiths feet. and it has also come
to be matter of common knowledge
that: oftentimes when Farmer Jones
sits down to figure on how much he
received for the hide compared to
what Smith paid for his shoes he
Immediately decides to sell the farm
and take up boilermaking. steeple-
jacking. deep-sea diving or something
equally as easy and lucrative. Con-
veying raw material from producer
to consumer has developed such a
complicated and involved process in
this country that it costs less to
manufacture many articles today
than it, does to distribute them. The
result, of course. is a higher cost to
the consumer and endless troubles
and repeated brainstorms among the
folks engaged in serving the con-
sumer. : As for the consumers diff
culties. no description is necessary.
a very BTdpHlC chart, HO"eNtT, mas
been prepared to illustrate the trou-
bles of the men engaged in serving
the consumer.
This ia the illustration: Picture a
flowing rivera river, say, Of baby
rattles, which float serenely from the
factory, where they are manufac-
tured. through a reservoir. the ware
houses, oat into the fats. the whole
salers. and into little irrigation
bitches. the retailers. and thus to the
consumers. This river-of baby rat
ties is flowing serenely, as afore-
mentioned. the supply just keeping
up with the outlet We may picture
river working day and night. the
workmen happy and contented ard
the manufacturer wearing smile
that never fades On the other end
Of the river the picture. to he com
plete, must show thousands upon
thousands of happy babies. shaking
their ratties for dear life and de-
manding new ones as soon as the
| old ones are gone.
| stopped Mt Source.
!. But without warning the babies
| stop shaking their rattles and wan
no more of 3hem. The little irrigation
ditches-the retailers-begin to flood
and overflow and the water backs VI
and spreads over the flats-tht
wholesalers--and before they are full
ly aware of the situation the reser
voir. the warehouses. is overflowin.
also and backing up into the river
source, the factory. The retailer
yell bloody murder and tell tn
wholesalers 10 quit sending baby rat
ties. The wholesalers find themselve
with thousands of unused rattles oil
hand with no way of disposing o
them and fill the warehouses will
surplus stock. The poor factory, will
this dam confronting it. has nothint
to do but stop work. Result: Cnem
ployment at the factory, stock de
teriorating in the warehouses ant
invested capital from one end of tn,
river to the other tied up in bab.
rattles that rattle no longer.
Such is the situation in hundreds q
Evening star., 1923-08-19
MAY STRIVE
TO APPEASE FRANCE
Realizes Critical SituatiOn.-
Complete Entente Break
at Hand.

rations have been paid. until passive
resistance has ended. and France will
not reduce her claims below &c .OOn. .000.-
400 gold marks and then surrender her
interest in e bonds without some COM
rensating reward in the reduction of
ner debts to England and America.
With England demanding in the
neighborhood of fifteen billion gold
marks in order to offset her obliga-
tion to the United States. France de-
manding at least 26,OO0, ,OOO, 900 gold
marks and with the claims of other
allies to he considered. it is believed
the total to be demanded of Germany
would amount to approximately So
0OO,0O0,000 gold marks, though it is
generally believed In British and
neutral circles that $4,000, 100000 is
all that ever can safely be obtained
from Germany. This is far reach
from 126.000, 00o, 900 set as the allied
total demand in the London confer
ence.
VIII Resist England.
Though the French will make
every effort to resist the British
claims. it is not believed that Premier
Poincare can do so and successfully
further the entente. Naturally inter
est Immediately switches to the next
move of Premier Baldwin. Specula-
tion is rife as to whether he has
| the courage to carry out threatened
independent action in dealing with
Germany.
One of his first moves. it is de-
/ clared. will be the initiation of a
movement looking toward the crea-
] tion of an independent commission
to fix German reparationS figures and
ability to pay. France absolutely
| resists the idea. declaring the rep
arations commission is sufficient to
| arrive at such conclusions. England,
it is believed, will request the pres
| ence of an American in addition to
European neutrals on such a board.
Another step suggested is an ap-
peal to the world court created
through the league of nations.
France likewise refuses to listen to
| this move, questioning as it does, on
l
| Ruhr venture. The British claim
that the Ruhr venture is against not
only the text of the Versailles treaty,
but against international law and
practice. The French, on the other
! hand. declare that it is not a subject
| for the court to act upon. Further
more, they say it cannot be referred
! to the court without the consent of
| France, which will not be. given.
| Furthermore, the compulsory juris-
! diction of the court never has been
! recognized by the powers.
Legality Of Invasion.
England's position in contesting the
| legality of the Ruhr venture is pred
| icated upon the Versailles treaty
| terms themselves. Sir John Simon. for
mer, attorney general of England, has
| given the best explanation of the
British viewpoint SO far presented.
He points out that when the treaty of
Versailles was before the French
parliament for ratification. question
arose as to whether any single power
j. CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1923-08-19
u. S. Now Makes Best
China for Table Use

That china tableware made in this
country is far superior to that i'm
ported as regards durability has been
disclosed in tests made by the ceram-
ic division of the bureau of stand
ards to determine how the American
industry can be assisted in reducing
the large losses which hotels, dining
cars. restaurants and certain of the
government departments annually in
cur in china tableware.
Evening star., 1923-08-19
FORMS DIVISION TO KEEP
: RIVER OF TRADE FLOWING
of Commerce Body Will
Study Causes for Slowdowns
in Industries.

industries which has led the Depart
ment of Commerce to establish its
newest division-a tiny division with
tremendous job on it's hands II is
called the division of domestic com
merce, and was put into operation last
month following a recommendation
contained in the report of the Joint
commission on agricultural inquiry
a recommendation providing for the
establishment within the Department
of Commerce of an agency to inves-
tigate the processes of distribution
with the end in view of eliminating
waste, overlapping and duplication
among the distributors.
Work OF Division.
Now the idea Of such an investIga-
tion at once suggests that tricky
phrase-"governme in business"
but as they are fighting words up At
the Department of Commerce. II is
we'll to forget them at the start and
find out how the division of domestic
commerce proposes to 60 about doing
what ii Is supposed to do.
AS d starting point, lne QlSlSlon ndS
taken five large industries. the shoe
industry. the clothing industry. the
grocery industry, the dry goods in
dustry and the hardware industry.
1t proposes to find out what can be
done toward eliminating waste in
distribution in these five. and, if the
results are successful. leave it to
-.
The division proposes to begin at
the retailer and trace the steps in
distribution back through the whole
saler. manufacturer, etc. Not long
ago "A conference of retailers In each
of the industries chosen met at the
Department of Commerce The prop
osition was outlined to them and they
enthusiastically gave their co-opera-
tion. Their cooperation will consist
in gathering together all possible
| data on the various steps in retailing
and submitting their findings 10 the
division. The next step was TO call
! the manufac cturers. and this confer
ence took place last week. Tho
manufacturers decided to do the same
thing. When all the agencies en-
/ gagged in distribution have been rep
resented by conferences here the
great mass of information compiled
on distribution will be turned over
to the division, which will at once
proceed to study the question and
make its report. 1t is left to the
industries to accept or disregard the
recommendations.
As an indication of what will be
done at the future conferences In
Washington, it is interesting to note
the accomplishments of the first one.
THAT of the retailers. AS begin
ming, the retailer with whom the
ldivision will deal must be a retailer
in the strict sense of the word. and
that sense is embodied in this defin-
ton, which was accepted by thos.
present:
Function of Retailers.
Evening star., 1923-08-19
Function of Retailers.

The retailer performs the final
function in distribution of essential
commodities and gives fulfillment t.
all preceding efforts by making mer-
Chandise available to consumers at
the time. place and in the form re-
quired by them.
THE retailers true function is that
of serving as purchasing agent for
his community. AS such he selects and
carries a reserve supply of mer-
chandise to meet the requirements of
the individual consumer.
When the retailer enters business
he assumes the responsibility of per
forming a public function. that of
providing commodities and services to
his community. economically and con-
veniently, and maintaining such en-
vironment as is necessary and de
sirable to the consumers who support
him. If he fails in his responsibility
and performs only as a distributing
agent for the manufacturer, he ceases
to be an economic factor in the COM
munity which he serves"
The retailer having been defined.
the conference proceeded to analyzs
his buying and selling functions. and
this analysis, being of interest to re-
tailers alone, will be omitted. The
conference gave formal recognition
to the fact that the retailer. the
wholesaler and the manufacturer each
has his separate function. and thai
upon the efficiency with which eaS
performs his function depends th<
economy of distribution.
Evening star., 1923-08-19
JOHN EDWIN NEX1N.

HE "oiI war" has been car
ried TO Washington. With the
Department OF Justice inves-
rh that
Evening star., 1923-08-19
by OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

ILL France or England be
AN/ the first TO enter into di-
v reapproachment with the
Evening star., 1923-08-19
Turn of Stock.

Stock turn was recognized by the
retailers conference as a basic fac
tor in economical distribution. Future
buying too far in advance was seen
as one of the outstanding problems
before the retailers, its effect adding
to the problems of the Wholesale
and the manufacturer, in the latter
case contributing to the cost OF dis
tribution and rejecting in higher op-
Grating costs of manufacture.
Another problem confronting the
retailers was seen in the expectations
of the buying public in the matter OF
extravagant and uneconomical rate OF
return of goods-a situation brought
about to some extent by the retailer
himself in his effort to attract trade
through bargain" or reduction"
sales. Another factor contributing to
the burden of the retailer lies in the
unusual alterations in wearing ap-
parel of both men and women. Other
problems lie in the extension of credit
beyond reasonable periods. etc.
This conference appointed COM
mittee in each industry represented
which will prepare questionnaires
adaptable to each industry. and which
will be circulated among retailers
and returned to the division. The di-
vision is emphasizing the fact that
it will attempt no arbitrary decisions
on what should or should not be done
to improve the system. but will act
merely as a clearing house for all
the information compiled on the SUBJ
tea by the industries themselves.
Evening star., 1923-08-19

II~lNE him chance is the attitude
r OF the republican politicians to-
~ ward President Coolidge. and it
Evening star., 1923-08-19

Continued on Third Page.9
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
CHARGE. WOMAN WITH
NUMBERING HUSBAND
Nv Associated Press

BEAUMONT, Tex. Jan. /. - Mrs.
Lillian Knox, charged by complaint
with the murder of her husband.
Hiram Knox, millionaire lumberman,
on the night of November rs, will
be given preliminary hearing We'd
nesday morning at Hemphill before
Justice of Peace w. II. Pratt.
The widow was arrested today at
noon as she returned to her home at
Hemphill from Beaumont, where she
had spent the holidays with friends.
She was placed in a cell in tho
Sabine county Jail at Hemphill. She
submitted to arrest without protest
and during the half day she has been
behind the bars she has had no visi-
tors except few of her servants.
who came to see whether she need
ed anything.
There will be other arrests"
said District Attorney F. R. Adams
tonight.
He did not Indicate who would
be taken next. but said arrests would
be deferred until after the prelimi-
nary hearing.
The arrest was made by W. III.
his administration.
He then passed out or office and
f. W. Nations was sworn in.
Mrs. Knox will be represented by
her attorney, j. w. Minton, assisted
by several other attorneys who have
been engaged, but whose names have
not been announced.
Hiram Knox was one of the
wealthiest men in the lumber bust
ness, having inherited an estate
worth nearly $4,000, 900.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02

war pact brought considerable com
ment today from official circles,
which. however, confined themselves
to the question of Germany's mo-
tives in making the offer.
Tho world should now be con-
WINGED, they say, that Germany har-
bors no ideas of revenge and that
she is truly a democracy, being con-
tent to leave the decision of war or
peace to a popular referendum. as
provided in the proposed pact.
Whether the government considers
Poincare's rejection as final and as
disposing of further, efforts in. this di-
rection could not be adduced from in
formal inquiries today, and officials
were apparently awaiting the French
reaction to Herr Cunos announce
ment. n
The French attitude is viewed in
Berlin as being prompted by the con-
viction that such pact would def
nitely restrict Frances freedom of
action in connection with PREPARATION
because it would prevent her from
imposing physical sanctions or in
vading fresh German territory.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
SHERIFF FINDS CABIN
HAMMER MURDERESS
OCCUPIED FOUR DAYS

Los ANGELES, Jan. 1.-Discovery
of "a cabin in a lonely canyon near
Los Angeles" where Mrs. Clara
Phillips, hammer murderess." who
escaped from the Los Angeles county
jail December 5, Concealed herself
for at least four days after the
jail break, was announced at the
sheriff's office tonight.
The statement was made that Ar
mour Lee Phillips, husband OF the
convicted murderess, was known to
have purchased food at a grocery
near the cabin for four days after
his wifes escape" and that another
rean, whose identity has not been
learned, delivered the food at the
cabin.
The officers declared their. investi-
cations proved that the cabin had
been occupied recently and that this
discovery would be followed by an
intensified effort to locate Mrs.
Phillips.
Among their first steps. 1t was
stated. would be requestioning of
Phillips. After that. all persons liv-
ing in the vicinity of the cabin are
TO be questioned.
According to Frank Dewar, Deputy
tSnefllI, fHnllllpS appeared at the
grocery on four consecutive days i'm
medlately after his wife's escape.
paid for a supply of food. ordered
that some of 1T be cooked and told
the proprietor another man would
call for it later.
Toward evening the second man
would arrive, obtain the food and
hurry away. s
The officers said they did not be-
lieve Mrs Phillips remained in the
cabin more than four days. They
said they believed she was trans
ported by friends either to another
state or to Mexico.
philips recently announced plans
to return to his former home in
Houston. Texas. but is believed to
still be in or near Los Angeles, Off
Gals said
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
JUST DRAGGED
SO WEAKENED
Florida Lady Was In, Miser.
able Condition, But Says
She Found Cardui Help
full, and Got Well

biountstown, Fla.-In explaining
how she found Cardui so helpful dur
ing change of life. Mrs. Ella NJ. Bal
ley. of this place, said:
Il became SO weakened 1t was an
effort for me to get.around. knew
what was the matter, but l felt like
couldn't give up.
Il just dragged. and I certainly was
nervous. was so restless 1 could
not sit down long-yet SO weak /
couldn't get about. 1t is most mis-.
cradle and such a helpless feeling.
Il would get depressed and out OF
heart.
II began to feel, after awhile, there
was no use to try to get well. This
is all wrong, for it makes a person
worse.
Il had heard of Cardui, and
thought it might strengthen me. A
neighbor had used it with good re-
suits.
Il took one bottle COT Cardui), then
saw l wasn't SO nervous, so kept
1T up.
Gradually the nervousness left
me. I began to eat and sleep better.
Was soon we'll. and all right.
"Cardui did wonders for me, and /
certainly do recommend It,"
Thousands of other women have
written, to tell of the beneficial re-
suits obtained by taking Cardui, and
TO recommend 1t to others.
Cardui has stood the test of extern
sive use for more than forty years
in the treatment of troubles common
to women.
Good druggists. everywhere, sell
Cardui. the woman's tonic. Try IL
ADV,
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02

done for several years, and can walk
long distances without those dragging
pains and weak feelings. The Vegeta-
Bile Compound is fine, and 1 never
forget to say a good word for it to
other women when they say they need
something. Mrs. G. w. HALL, $50
Hazel Avenue, Lima, Ohio.
There are many women who find
their household duties almost unbear-
able owing to some weakness or de-
rangement. The trouble may be slight,
yet cause such annoying symptoms
as dragging pains. weakness and
rundown feeling.
Lydia c. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound is a splendid medicine for
such conditions.It has in many cases
relieved those symptoms by removing
the cause Of them. Mrs. Halls ex-
perience is but one Of many
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
ALLEGED FIREMEN'S.
KHAN IS SCATTERED.

CHICAGO. Jan. /. Following
charges that the majority of fire
men in one company were members
of the Ku Klux Khan, Fire Commits
sioner Cullerton today transferred
every members of the company to
widely isolated districts, and ordered
George Green. said to be the kleagle
OF the fire department khan, to apply
Immediately for retirement on pen
sion.
Captain William Kinds. named In
a council investigation as a klans-
man, was sent to a company in the
Ghetto.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
GE RMANs LEASE D
WITH HUGHES PLAN
To CALL BANKE rs
Responsive Chord Is Struck
by American SeCretary'S
Suggestion to End the
Preparations Question

BERLIN. Jan. 1.-The' speech of
Charles h. Hughes. the American
Secretary of State, delivered in New
Haven last week. as reported in Lon
don newspapers arriving here today,
brought forth pronouncements of ap-
3 proval in Official quarters. The plain
spoken appraisal of the PREPARATIONS
problem by Mr. Hughes was gener-
ally Endorsed and responsive chord
seems TO have been struck in official
circles by the suggestion of an i'm
partial appraising board TO determine
Germany's capacity to pay repara-
tons.
In an informal talk in connection
with the Paris conferences, an off
cial of the chanelIory declared to-
day that the proposals Chancellor
Cuno will submit to 1.-The premiers
have been prepared with. great de-
tail. and that the data he purposes
to present informally constitute pri
marily the basis for discussions
which belong to the reaSm OF eco
nomcs, rather than Of politics., espe-
cially as their acceptance. and subse-
duent execution involve a radical re-
alignment of German economies and
finances. The official declared that
Germany would welcome aE invita-
ton to have a Representative present
at the pourparleurs of the ypren1iers.
CLAIM GERMANY NOW
PEACEFUL NATION
BERLIN, Jan. 1.-C6ancellor
SOS announcement of the rejection
France of his offer of an anti
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
CLAIM GERMANY NOW
PEA CECIL NATION

BERLIN, Jan. 1.-6aneelloI
S@'s announcement of the rejection
France of his offer Of an anti
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02

VClC u OuDlCo cuCll
as women often
have, and could do
no heavy work. l
was sick for sew
eral years, and
from reading your
ads. | finally de-
cided totakeLydia
E. Pinkham' sVeg-
etable Compound.
l am now doing
my own washing,
vhich T hovapf
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
n =
FINDING OF SKELETON
WILL LEAD TO ARREST

ORLANDO. Fla, Jan. IA nlz ele-
ton found December 81 in a swamp
west of this city, after it had lain
there for more than a year, will
be identified soon and an arrest on
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-01-02
MRS. c. ". HALL
| SICK FOR YEARS
Wants Women to Know How She
Was Made Well by Lydia E Pink
hams Vegetable Compound
IIIlIlIllIIIllIIlIIIjII

Lima, Ohio. = Indeed, your medi-
cine is all you say it is l had very Sc
The L'Anse sentinel., 1923-12-14
Worlds Potato
Crop Ranks High
Greatest Producticn Is in
Northwest Europe ! here
Conditions Are -.
Preparsd by the United States Depa. mi
OF Agriculture

Rreparsd by the United States Depa. mt
OF Agriculture
The Importance of potatoes in "
agriculture Is emphasized In spe'
report published by the United stat :
Department Of Agriculture. The world
crop was estimated at more than five
billion bushels last year, exclusive of
Russia. In countries reporting TO
date, the 1923 crop is 70 per cent of
that In 1922. Figures in both years
do not include the many small patches
Of potatoes grown In gardens for home
use, the department says.
Region Of Great Production.
The region of greatest potato pro-
duction is in northwestern Europe
where the soil and climatic conditions
favor the production of potatoes and
rye rather than Of corn and wheat, the
department says. In this region pota-
toes play an important part In the
diet of the people, in the panufacture
of alcohol and In feed for live stock.
Variations In potato production In
northwestern Europe therefore affect
and corn, the department points out.
Germany is the worlds largest pro-
ducer Of potatoes, the report states.
Production this year Is estimated at
1,20O,0OOO00 bushels as compared with
,494, ,181, 900 bushels in 1922. Poland
ranks second as spuds producer with
an estimated production in 1923 of
500, ,022, 900 bushels as compared with
900, $4,000 bushels last year. Pro
duction of Is countries in the north
ern hemisphere this year Is estimated
at 3OS9, ,O36,0O0 bushels as compared
with $500, 100000 bushels in 1922.
Annual Imports Large.
During the pre-war period annual
imports of potatoes into the United
States were around 3,65S,0O0 bushels,
or a little more than twice the guam
tity exported. Since 1920, however,
there has been a marked decrease in
imports until in 1922 the quantity
shipped from foreign countries was
only 1,775,000 bushels, the department
says, This was less than one-half the
average quantity imported during
1904, and more than 1,0O0,000 bush
els less than American exports last
year. More than GO per cent of Amer
lean exports go to Cuba.
The Netherlands leads as an export
er of potatoes. and supplies at least
% per cent OF the worlds total ex-
ports, the department says. Last
year Italy exported approximately s.
600, 900 bushels, Canada 100000 bush
els, and Denmark 100000 bushels.