davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1923-05-08

\ concrete septic tank was built
last week on the ranch of Philip
Marx of Tehachapi by j. L. Stirni-
man of the agricultural extension
service. This was a regular farm
bureau demonstration.
The Washington times., 1923-02-06
DRIVE
CONT|NUES|N
ROCKVILLE
only $500 of Needed 81, 900
So Far colIected-Mrs. II.
A. Humphrey Dead.

ROCKVILLE, Md, Feb. 6.-The
Rockville Library Association has
decided to continue through Feb
ruary its drive for funds for enlarg-
ing the library building here and
purchasing new books. 1t is hoped
to raise about $4,000. About $500
has been collected.
Mrs. Herriet A. Humphrey, wife of
William r. Humphrey, ST., died at
her home here yesterday morning.
She had been i'll a long time with
paralysis and complications. Sur
viving her are her husband and the
following children: William r.
Humphrey, jr., Warner T. Pun
phrey, and Misses Lottie, Mary, and
Helen Humphrey, of Rockville. and
Mrs. Madison Cults, of Washington.
Among the couples married in
Rockville within the last Dr. or two
were Miss Malina M. D. krifo and
Ralph B. Spencer, both of Wash
ington.
DIR. William e. Evans, Of Chevy
Chase, who practiced as a dentist in
Washington, was fined $25 and costs
BY Judge Samuel Riggs in the police
court here on charges Of failing to
comply with the building regula-
tons. He NOTED an appeal to the
circuit court.
The Washington times., 1923-02-06
MRS. FAINTER IS
AUXILIARY
LEADER
HyattsviIle Women Elect Her
to Head Branch of National
Guard Society.

EVANSVILLE, Md, Feb. g.
Mrs. John j. Fainter has been
elected president of the Ladies'
Auxiliary to Company F, First in
fantry, NJ. n. G., Of Hyattsvil1e,
for the ensuing year. She succeeds
Mrs. Charles r. Hutchinson, who
served four years and did not seek
reelection. Mrs. John E. Robin
son, chosen secretary, succeeds
Mrs. P. K. Parlett, who served
since the organization of the aux
iliary during the Mexican border
trouble in 1916.
Other officers chosen are: Mrs.
William P. Belt, first vice .presi.
dent; Mrs. Charles R. Hutchinson,
second vice president; Mrs. Edward
Devlin, treasurer.
At a meeting of the auxiliary
last night Mrs. Fainter discussed
plans for the years work. It is
planned after tn basketball sea-
son is over to resume the social
evenings for the benefit of the
members of the company and
then friends. which have proven
popular.
st. Jerome's Church branch Of
the National Council of Catholic
Women has elected the following
officers to serve one year: Mrs.
Clarence S. Kessler, president; Mrs.
James G. Rogers, vice president;
Mrs. John J. Fainter, secretary,
and Mrs. Matthew v. Halloran,
treasurer. The organization, formed
primarily for welfare work, now
has a membership of about sixty.
Mrs. Vinton d. Cockey % Lau-
rel has been secured to make an
address at the annual meeting of
the Prince Georges County League
Of Women Voters, to be held here
February %. Other speakers will
include Former States Attorney
5. Marvin Peach. of Hyattsville
and Miss Schwed, a prominent
speaker, who will discuss Limited
Armaments.
The Washington times., 1923-02-06
TR|NKLE ASKED
To REVIEW
PARADE
Alexandria Committee Will
Present Invitation-Trade
Exhibit Plans.

ALEXANDRIA, Va, Feb. e.
Governor Trinkle of Virginia win
be invited to attend the parade in
Alexandria being arranged by the
George Washington Birthday Assoc
citation for February %.
At a meeting OF the association
last night in the Chamber of Com
merce rooms, J. Y. Williams re-
signed his post as chief-of-staff Of
the parade, and K. w. Ogdef was
named to succeed him. These two
will go to Richmond and extend the
invitation to Governor Trinkle. e.
f. Ticer announced that the council
would erect grandstands. The COM
mittee which was to have provided
a silver cup for the merchant hav-
ing the best historic float, reported
that the merchants took so little
interest in the suggestion that the
committee had decided to- abandon
the plan.
The -postoffice, and the Kiwanis
Club and some other civic bodies
will have floats in the parade.
The Greater Alexandria trade ex-
hibit will be held in the spring, 1t
was decided at meeting of the
committee yesterday in the Cham
Der Of Commerce rooms, at which
Chairman J. Kent White presided.
1t was decided to cooperate with
local merchants. No definite date
was chosen.
Charles Henry Smith, representa-
tive of the city and Of Arlington
county in the State legislature, will
talk tonight before the automobile
bureau of the Chamber of Com
merce. His subject will be the pro-
posed SIS, 100000 bond issue for Vir-
ginia roads.
C. C. Kent, new secretary of the
Y. M. C. A, will present his plans
for ''Y" activities tonight at a meet.
ing Of the board Of directors. The
meeting is scheduled to start at
7:30 o'clock.
Ernest Lloyd put UP active re.
sistance when he was arrested last
night. In police court today Judge
Nico1 fined him SO because of this
resistance, and an additional $25 for
carrying gun.
The Washington times., 1923-02-06
PLAN To OPPOSE
NEW BATHING
BEACH
Arlington County Citizens Will
Take Formal Action at
Meeting.

CLARENDON, Va, Feb. 6.-For-
NAL action against the establish.
ment of a colored bathing beach
at the Virginia approach to the
new Georgetown bridge Will be
taken tonight at q regular meeting
OF the Arlington County Civic Fed
Grafton to be held at the court
house. President Ahalt announced
that the Incorporation Of Arlington
county as a city will be discussed.
Harry K. Green. was called yes
terday to Leesburg by the illness
OF his father. 1t IS reported that
he is not expected 70 live.
On Wednesday evening a Joint
meeting of the school board of Ar.
lington county and the Citizens
Advisory. board will be received
from the special committee ap-
pointed to locate sites for the pro.
posed $4,000 high school which
viii be used by the Arlington and
Washington districts.
Mrs. Clyde e. Leighty, chairman
Of the entertainment committee for
the second annual supper to be
given by the Patrons league of the
Clarendon School, has completed
plans for this event, which will he
held February ID at the school
house.
The Park Lane Citizens Associa-
ton has arranged box party to be
held at the home Of Mr.. Jenkins
on the Lee Highway just below
Park Lane Avenue, on February Is
for the benefit of the Clarendon
and Cherrydale fire departments.
Arlington Royal Arch Chapter,
No. 35, will hold a special con-
vocation February 8 to confer de-
grees. The regular convocation Of
the chapter viii be held on Monday
February rs.
MIR. and Mrs. Burkholder will
give a 500 party at their home on
Buena Vista avenue, Cherryda1e, on
Thursday, February s at $50 p. m.
for the benefit of Arlington Chapter,
No. 80, o. e. S.
The Washington times., 1923-02-06
KINGS PALACE WORKERS
DANCE NEXT SATURDAY

Proceeds from mid-winter dance
which will be held by the Mutual
Benefit Association of the employees
of Kings Palace. at Elks' Club, Sat.
urday night will go to the paying
Of sick benefits. J. l.. Cats, chair
man Of the committee on arrange
ments, made this announcement last
night.
A program of variety features
will be presented,
The Washington times., 1923-02-06

Harry K. Green was called yes
terday to Leesburg by the illness
OF his father. It Is reported that
he is not expected TO live.
The Washington times., 1923-02-06

Ernest Lloyd put up active re.
sistance when he was arrested last
night. In police court today Judge
Nicol fined him SO because of this
resistance, and an additional $25 for
carrying a gun.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06

the fall roundup and count.
According to the herders, caribou
will soon be entering the herd as the
rutting season approaches. The carl
bou and deer cross freely and there
are number of cross breeds in the
Broad Pass herd. When the deer were
being driven from the Good News
Bay district. along the table lands of
the Alaska Range. thousands of carl
bou migrating in an opposite direc-
tion were met. There was no alter
native but to strike into the mass
and some of the deer were lost, al
though the reindeer dogs reclaimed
many.
The government herd at Alitak, on
the south end of Kodiak Island, Is re-
ported to be thriving. The original
herd was driven from Port Heiden to
Chignik Bay, placed aboard the
United States Coast Guard cutter
Unalga and landed at Alitak in
1921. Range conditions there, are
said to be almost ideal, ag oi ii
.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
VOLCANIC ASH BRINGS DEATH TO
ALASKA REINDEER AT PORT HE|DEN

ANCHORAGE. Oct. 6.-The govern
ment reindeer herd at Port Heiden,
on Bristol Bay, has suffered recent
~ on account of volcanic ash from
q peak to the westward which COW
cred the feed range to depth of
about an inch and a half, according
to advices received here The ash
stirred by the hooves of the rein.
deer, caused acute throat and lung
trouble, and wore away the hair
and skin from the lips, causing suf
fering and often death. All the herd
ers suffered. and Fred r. TAFT, had
q narrow escape from death. An at
tempt to move the herd across the
Alaskan Peninsula finally was aban
doned.
The reindeer herd placed by the
government in the Broad Pass re.
gion last year has prospered remark
ably Eskimo and Indian herders
have recently been engaged in ear
making qkl.g the l9ts crop. pfi pdfi faWpA and
IN erecting cOrrals preparatory tu
sSsrapri rol NigQE9s xG
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
SAYS ALL AUTO DRIVERS SHOULD
take RIGID TESTS;LAW OF STATE

DETROIT, Oct. Ga locomotive
engineer must spend years as an en-.
gine wiper and fireman before he Is
permitted to drive an engine over a
private right OF way, but any person
may drive an automobile down a pub.
lie street used by millions of people
with no experience whatever.
This comparison was used by Will
liam p. Rutledge, chief of Detroit po-
lice and president OF the Internation-
al Association of Chiefs of Police
as the explanation OF his edict calling
for rigid examinations OF all appli
cants for motor car drivers licenses
which are required under a state law
Enforcement OF this law was urged
in resolution adopted at the recent
convention OF the International Asso
citation In Buffalo.
1T is time for the police depart
ments of the county to take the in
litiatIve In such matters, without wait
ing to be prodder into activity by
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
HENEY IN LITIGATION
OVER LARGE ESTATE

SAN JOSE, Cal, Oct. Obligation
between Francis J. Heney and rela-
tives over the possession of Chateau
Ricardo Vineyard, in the western
hills near here, was started In the
Superior Court. Francis Heney Is
opposed by his sister-in-law, Mary
Heney, and her son Edward Heney,
who charge that Francis Heney OBJ
tanned the property from his brother
Richard Heney through fraud. Fran
els Heney asserts that he bought the
property at a forced sale to protect
the loans he made to his brother.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
LEADER
WANTS LOWER TARIFF

WASHINGTON, Oct 6 If the Re-
publicans are sincere about want
ing to help the farmers, they will
convene Congress at once, and re-
duce tariff and freight rates, Judge
Cordell Hull. chairman of the Demo
cratic national committee, declares
in a statement.
"Just now. reactionary, special in
terest Republican leaders, at present
in control, Of the Republican party
and the government are visibly dis
turbed at the hostile attitude OF the
farmers as the Presidential election
approaches" HILL sA3dti ssa1no1a.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
MASKED ATTACK
IS IN STTTUTED
ON 3 CONv|CTS
Military Department Of Ken
lucky Making Final Stand
Against Convicts.

EDDYvlLLE, KY, Oct. 6.-The
fourth day of the seige of Eddy
Vile penitcntiary opened this morn
ing with armed forces of Kentucky
yet to enter the improyised fortress
of Monte Walters. Lawrence Gfif-
fith and Harry Ferland, three con-
yicted murderers. The trio has held
the mess hall since last Wednesday
despite machine gun and rifle fire
that made two gaping holes in the
walls of the building and a bonn
bardment OF tear gas and barrage
by rifles and grenades.
Behind an armor plate pushed
into position by a truck, Lieuten-
ant Joseph M. Kelly and Private
Jack Mcknight took their position
between the dining han and the
hospital prepared to throw hand
genades simultaneously with an at
tack by released ammonia.
Military rule was established at
the penitentiary here late yester-
day.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06

civic societies." Mr.. Rutledge said.
Carrying out the spirit of the reso-
luton, the Detroit police department
is requiring each applicant for q
drivers license to demonstrate that
he is physically fit to drive a car;
that he can read and understand
traffic signals. and that he under
stands thoroughly all traffic ordi-
nances. As result OF these exam
nations the police have found that
only about third Of the applicants
for licenses meet the requirements
of safe and sane driver.
1t has been found necessary. Mr..
Rutledge said. to establish police
schools where prospective drivers OF
motor vehicles may learn how to
handle car Classes are held two
days a week. morning. afternoon and
evening. and two lessons complete
the course. after which the ''studentS''
may re-appiy for licenses.
.M.tts, VT
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Mail Found Along Tracks;
Work Of Wind or Robbers

ROSEBURG, Ore, Oct. 6.-Port-
land postal authorities are endeav-
oring 70 solve the mystery of finding
mail money orders, letters and
checks strewn along the railroad
tracks between Oncalla and Boswell
Springs. 1t is not known whether
a robbery has taken place or il they
blew out OF the mail car.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Statement on Reparations
By Germany Is Submitted

PARIS. Oct 6.-Revised figures
of the Reparations Commission is
sued today showed Germany is cred
tied with payment of S,213, 900
gold marks of which 1900, ,001 900
has been In cash, $3.50, 0,000,0 900 in
merchandise and the remainder in
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Flee When Radio
Warns of Arrest
To Be Made

CHICAGO. Oct. 6.-When Harry
Weldon, of Hebron. Illinois, and Bes-
sia Dashow. of Harvard. Illinois,
in a dining room of an Omaha
Hotel heard States Attorney Wood
stock. of Illinois. broadcasting their
description by radio, they fed to
Chicago where they were arrested
for deserting their families.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Bank Robbers Work Long
Time to Secure Small Loo!

LINCOLN, Neb.. Oct. 6.-Firing
for two hours by which they kept
the townspeople in fear, four rob-
bers terroried the town of Berneston
this morning while two Others blew
the vault in the bank The six rob-
bers escaped in an automobile. The
loot is estimated to be less than
$500. ~,St4lHivf1
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
FILM COLONY DIVORCES.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 6. - Ira
Gladys Blue, who charged deser-
tion by her husband Monte Blue.
film actor, and H. c. Gerke. who
accuses his wife. Marie Prevost. film
actress. with dcsertion. have been
granted divorces. zgiTll IL tsp ~.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
BREAKS WORLDS
RECORD HUNTING

WRANGELL, Oct. Sd. w. Bell.
of Williamsport. Pa, member of a
party, has returned from hunting
big game in the Cassiar region and
is believed to have broken the
worlds record for killing big carl
bou. His specimen of an Osborne
species had antlers with 3S points
and spread SIS and one-quarter in
ches.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
New York Banking Man
Arrested on Odd Charge

NEW YORK, Oct. 6. - Peter
Ardnighe. assistant manager OF the
letter and credit department of the
National City Bank has been ar
rested on an indictment charging
he criminally received part of $780,
900 bonds stolen from the office OF
the Southern &. Western Life Insur-
ancs Company in Cincinnati In No
vember, last year.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Allister Mccormick Is
AT Last Married in Paris

PARIS, Oct. 6.--Allister McCor-
r1ick, of Chicago, left at the church
many times by Mary Landon Baker.
was married late yesterday to Miss
Tyndale Stevens, of London.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
MORE POWER FOR CABINET.

LONDON, Oct. 9. ChancelIOr
Streseman speaking this afternoon
in the Reichstag said the Reichstas
will be asked to rcnounce its rights
for long time and grant to the
Cabinet powers much greater than
ever given to a Cabinet anywhere.
This is according to a Central News
dispatch received here late this aft
ernOOn.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Movie Biography
OF Late President
Is Now Completed

NEW YORK, Oct. 6.-The movie
biography of the late President
Harding has been completed and
will be shown first before the Ohio
Society at the Waldorf-Astoria Mon
day. 1t is to become a permanent
Harding memorial. Ford, Edison
and Firestone helped to edit the
picture.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Henry Ford Operates
Old Tractor Entire Day

DETROIT, Oct. 6.--Henry Ford
ran a tractor all day yesterday furn-
ishing power to the same threshing
machine he operated in 1882 and
on the same farm. Ford had picked
up the tractor for $40 presenting
the seller with an automobile. After
the purchase, Ford had the machine
overhauled at his factory and then
sent to his farm.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
ARTILLERY AND AMMONIA ATTACK
IS BEING MADE ON 3 MURDERERS
YANKEE PITCHING
STARS MAY TURN
BIG SERIES TIDE

NEW YORK, Oct Gin thei'
third attempt to win the worlds base
ball championship the New Yorl
Yankees will be aided by. a staff OF
pitchers rated second to none In
either OF the major leagues.
Herbert j. Pennock, lefthander
Samuel Pone Jones, righthander, AMI
] Robert Shawkey, righthander, have
been the Yankees three best bets OF
the hurting mound. Waite Hoyt has
had a good season, finishing well UT
on the winning side and Leslie 10
seph Bush. while orratje atszt.mes
won a majority of his games Car.
Mays. the underhand finger was mol
Up to his best form and had little to
do. II
1t is unlikely that Mays will BIZ
started in the series. and it Is proba
BILE that Bush, the fork bali man. may
6e used only in emergency Pennosk
Jones. Shawkey ana Heyt appear as
likely mainstays and may work In
that order. y .s x$
All FROM neu SoS
An interesting siselisht IN connec-
ton with the Yankee hurting corps is
that every one of them first emerged
to the limelight of stardom with the
Boston Red Sox or the Philadelphia
Athletics.
Pennock, who led the American
League pitchers through the 1923
season, became member of Connie
Mack's Athletics in 1912 and re-
manned with the team until 1915
when he went to the Red Sox. He
was acquired by the, Yankees from
the Boston club in trade last
Spring in exchange for several
youngsters.
Jones, called "Sad SAM" played
with Cleveland in 1914 and 1915 but
1916 found him with the Red Sox,
where he remained until 1921. The
Yankee tradesmen were busy again
that year and "Sad Sam" became a
New Yorker. He wasn't at his best
in 1922. but 1928 brought him back
to the top and he has done every
thing in the pitching line, including
a no-hit game against the Athletics
and some others almost as good.
shawkey Comes Up
Shawkey was a member of the Ath-
letics from 1913 to 1915. He came
to the Yankees in 1915 when Colo
nels Rupert and Huston began
building up their star combination
and has been a regular ever since.
His pitching arm worked exceeding:
ly well this year
Hoyt was taken fresh from high
school in Brooklyn In 1918 and made
New York Giant He warmed
benches for McGraw and became a
Red Sox in 1919 In 1921 he donned
Yankee uniform and was one of the
stars of the season. He won two
games and lost close one in the
1921 worlds series. He was more or
less of an in-an-outer last year but
regained some of his great form
in 1923.
Bush, a Mackman from 1912 to
1917 and a Red Stocking from 1918
to 1921, became Yankee in 1922 in
another New York Boston trade. He
was star Of stars In the 1922 season
for the Yankees but surprising
failure in the worlds series with the
Giants.
Mays, with the Red Sox from 1915
to 1919, came to New York for the
1920 season.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Oklahoma State
Legislature to
Meet October II

OKLAHOMA CITY, Oct. 6. A
call for a special session of both
houses of the Oklahoma State Leg
ialature to consider impeachment
Of Governor Walton has been sent
dut fixing October II as the date.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
COPPER At NEW LOW

BOSTON. Oct. Cooper reached
a new low level for the year when
large quantities were sold for domes-
tic use at 1914 and 1874 cents.
Some was sold for export at slightly
advanced figures. The domestic de-
mand is rather strong but not equal
to the production.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Slain Ranch Hand May
Prove Bullion Robbel

MARTINEZ, Cal. Oct. 6.--Jack
Winters, ranch hand, shot and kill
ed mysteriously at Yuba City last
Sunday, has partially been identi-
fed as the man who robbed the
Selby Smelling Plant of $225,000
In gold bullion 20 years ago.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Treaties with Mexico
To Go to Next Congress

WASHINGTON. Oct. 6. - The
appointment OF an American AM
bassador to Mexico awaits ratifica-
tion of two treaties as the result of
the recent negotiations. 1t is re-
ported President Coolidge will send
the pacts to Congress in December
The Mexican Senate will vote on
the pacts at the present session.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Cashier Who Lost $4,000
Goes to Identity z Men

SEATTLE. Oct. 6. - s. NJ. Fowl
err. cashier of the main branch of
the Western Union Office. robbed of
$4,000 on October 2, left today with
detectives to identify two men held
at Grants Pass suspected of being
the robbers. 1t is said they had
$1,250 in travellers checks when ar
rested
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Boys Find Loot Stolen
From Bank During 1919

ST. LOUIS, Oct. 6.--Four boys to-
day found a buried box near Jones'
boro, Illinois, containing $4,000
stolen from the Elkville bank in
robbery on August II, 1919.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
~ AM NOT RUNNING"

MONTREAL, Oct. 6.--Interviewed
by the Star, Henry Ford said he was
mot running for or against any
thing" He said he was neither a
Democrat nor Republican, both par
ties being "tarred with the same
brush He said the prohibition law
should be obeyed. adding: They
should put the army and navy onto
It,"
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
LLOYD GEORGE
STARTS TOUR

NEW YORK, Oct. G. David
Llyod George, former Premier of
England. who Arrived yesterday
with his wife and daughter, Mfrs
Megan Lloyd George, left this fore
noon for Montreal on the first lap
of IA tour of Canada and the United
States. The party is aboard Il five
ear spccia! train.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
STRESEMAN HAS
ORGANIZED new
GERMAN CABINET
Chancellor Will Also Hold OF
fee of Foreign Minister
More Powers.

BERLIN. Oct. 6. Chancellor
Streseman has completed his new
cabinet In which he is Foreign Min
lister as we'll as Chancellor DR.. Hans
Luther is Minister of Finance and
Herr Kooth, Minister of Public
Economy.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Coolidge Is Opposed to
Cancellation War Debts

WHITE HOUSE, Oct. s. - Presi-
dent Coolidge said today he was un-
alterably opposed to the cancella-
tion OF any debts OF European ma
tions that are owing to the United
States.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Coolidge Appears as /.
Commander-in-Chief

WASHINGTON, Oct. 6.-President
Coolidge today held his first mill
tary review as the Army and Navy
Commander-in-Chie when the Fifth
Marines marched through the White
House grounds ending the annual
maneuvers of the east coast exped.-
tionary forces.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
ROOSEVELT FOR CABINET

BOSTON. Oct. 6.-The Boston
News Bureau says:
Secretary DENLY has expressed
desire to retire from office. In
event OF his resignation. Theodore
Roosevelt will head the Navy Depart
ment."
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Lieut.. Oakley Kelley
To Take z Months Off

NEWCASTLE, Oct. s. Lieut..
Oakley Kelley. government trans
continental aviator will abandon
flying for two months and will en-
ter the oil business as manager of
Oil City, Pennsylvania company.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Chinese Parliament Is
Prolonged for Reasons

PEKING. Oct. 6. - The Chinese
Cabinet has decreed prolonging the
life of parliament until successors
are elected to the present members
whose terms expire on next We'd
nesday.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-10-06
Perishable Freight
Embargo on Alaska
Started Today

SEATTLE, Oct. 6.-The EN-
barge on perishable freight for
Alaska is scheduled to start to-
day due to railroad washouts.