The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1923-01-04

one with Japan. by which the trou
bIesome question OF American right
on the island Of zap was settled. Grea
Britain and Japan also. In the courss
NJ time. ratified the conference pacts
and. like the United States. took step.
toward putting into effect the term.
Of the treaty on naval limitation. But
France. more Interested In her owr
troubles connected With the German
reparatlons and with the developments
In the Near East, delayed action. and
her example was followed by several
smaller nations. Thus the fun effect
Of some Of the treaties was lost for the
time being.
Rehabilitation of Europe. economic
and financial, was the great problem
that confronted the world and, OF
course. it's solution depended to a con-
siderable extent on a settlement Of the
German reparations matter. THIS had
NOT been reached when the year came
70 a close. The allied commission. an
international bankers committee and
VI rious individuals struggled with the
question throughout the twelve
months, but 1t would be tedious to tell
in detail OF their efforts. The Germans
steadily maintained that complete en-
torcement of the treaty Of Versailles
would ruin Germany and be disa strous
for the rest of Europe. although Doc
FOR With. the chancellor. held that
Germany must and would ultimately
pay the reparations bill. Berlin insist
cd that a long moratorium be granted
on all the payments and that an inter
national loan to Germany be arranged.
France, depending on the PREPARATIONS
money for reconstruction and continii-
ally on the verge of bankruptcy, would
NOT listen TO propositions for the re.
ducfIon Of the war bill. and from time
TO time made preparations to put into
effect sanctions against Germany. such
as occupying the Ruhr district and the
national forests IN the Rhineland. Al
Great Britain objected to this I'M
m ia,n IN rte vpar chez Ronar Law
mad succeeded Lloyd George as prime
minister. Then, at a conference Of
the allied premiers In London. Bonar
Law gave the French to understand
that. though Britain could not approve
of military measures against Germany,
she would not actively oppose them II
lions payments due in January. The
conference adjourned TO meet in Paris
January 2 and Premier Poincare
intimated that he might be satisfied
with milder measures. About this
it was stated in Washington that
the United States was looking for &
way to help out Europs without en-
herself in alliances, but moth
ing definite was suggested and En-
was skeptical.
On April 10 an economic and fnan-
cial conference, called by the allied SUI
preme council, opened in Genoa. Ger
many and Russia were invited to par
,icipate, under certain restrictions, but
soon after the sessions began the dele
of those two nations concluded
a treaty canceling their war debts and
The treaty Of Brest-Litovsk and estab-
fishing full diplomatic relations. sur
)rised and angered, the great powers,
the protests of ne neutrals.
barred the Germans from further par
icipation in the discussion of Russian
Iffairs, which was the most important
ubject before the conference then.
NE allied nations offered to give inan-
ial aid to Russia under certain condi-
Ions, but Belgium refused to agree to
his and a day or two later the French
yithdrew their assent, charging that
lloyd George was practicing trickery
D gain control of the Russian oil
elds. Meanwhile the soviet delegates
ere making such excessive demands
nat the uselessness of further negotia-
nee adjourned after adopting an eight
lonths' truce with Russia.
Mustapha Renal Pasha and the
nationalist, who had disa-
owed all the doings of the Turkish
overnment at Constantinople, spent
ne summer in secretly preparing for q
reat offensive against the Greeks In
natoIia. They opened the attack on
ugust % and took the enemy COM
letely by surprise. Within n week
he Greek armies had been routed
nd driven back to Smyrna and other
1ast positions and Athens was asking
,r an armistice and agreeing TO get
ut of Asia Minor. Renal occupied
myrna on September 9 and five days
ter a large part of the city was de-
by flames. At first the Turk
h troops were blamed for this, but la Il
n Developments indicated the contia- +
alton was started by the fleeing {
reeks and by loOters. Great Britain, Il
hich had been sponsor for the Greek Il
,nture in Asia Minor, was alarmed +
: the expressed intention of the ma {
Onalists to take possession of Constan- (
nople and the rest of the old Turk e
h empire. and she called on her do +
inions and France, Italy, Serbia. Ru- E
ania and Greece to join her in the (
of the Dardanelles. France, {
lich had been giving aid and comfort F
the Turks, and Italy objected to E
Ilitary operations against the Kemal- Z
=, ,od Sorna Of tho British domin- r