davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12
RED|CTS AIR LINK
 BE WIEN NATIONS 0F NORTH AMERICA
Brigadier General Williamson Believes Continents Will Be
 Connected AeriaIIy

LONDON, Aug. 11.-(By Associated Press.)-A most interesting and in- structiVe paper was read before the International Air Congress, recently in session in London, by Brig. Gen. F. Ii. Williamson. director of postal services of the British government.
 General Williamson predicted that the United States, Canada, the West Indies and other parts of the North American continent would soon be linked up by air with Great Britain. Connecting air lines would also run to Egypt. India, The Straits Settle ments, Australia, sNew Zealand, and Africa. is not rash to predict" said he "that the next generation will see it's railrays and it's steam ships supplemented by a complete system of communication by air
 General Williamson said the Cairo- Bagdad air mail service. now in op- eration, saved 20 days over the old land route which ran via Bombay, karachi and the Persian Gulf The mail planes covered the $50 miles in a single day.
 Unlikely Development.
 Discussing the future of mail trans port by air, the speaker said that the conveyance of the whole of the mails by air was an unlikely development unless and until there is a very marked change in the cost of air transport and in the financial limita- tions under which postal services are compelled to work, limitations which require some sort of proportion be- tween the postage charged and the cost of transport.
 Moreover" the General added, "an essential condition of mail service is regularity under all conditions, in all Weathers, and al all times of the year. Ii is commonly assumed that if a method of transporting mails can be devised which is considerably more rapid, even if more expensive. than anything already in existence, there is an immediate public demand that it be used for the carriage of mails. There is, of course some truth is this; but the experience of the post office indicates that the inn portance attached to the mere speed of mail communication can easily be exaggerated
 Tt is probable, therefore, that for long time to come air mails must be limited to urgent correspondence on which special fee is charged, and that such correspondence will only be q relatively small fraction of the total mail The actual volume of air mail carried will depend on three factors-regularity gain Tn time, and cost Of conveyance: that is, exactly the same conditions as those in which the development of passenger and goods traffic will de- pend, and to which the technical de- Velopment of commercial aviation must be directed"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

BEAUTIFUL DUCHESS TO MARRY.-Anna Vaeska only daughter of the Duchess of ChateauTherry of Lon don whose engagement has just been announced Somer led Hamilton Watson of the Welsh Guards Both pop ular in the English younger set.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

which the Standard Oil company well knows is crippling to the in dustry and will tend to further place the oil industry in the state com pleteiy and irrecovabiy at the mercy of the Standard Oil company"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

The worlds record barrel, even larger than the historic "Heidelberge, Fass," which contained S5O.000 gh- ions, has just been turned out in Lahr, near Baden Baden. It will hold 625,000 gallons. but, unlike the other. will be used for chemicals and not wine.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12
First Arrest Is Made
 In Probe Of FIogging

MIJLEDGEVILLE, Ga. August II. The first arrest in connection with whippines in middle Georgia took place here late today when J. ]. Nolan, former guard at the State Training School for Boys, was taken into custody on a charge of melting to riot.
 The arrest was made by Sheriff L. Terry. Preliminary hearing will take place next Saturday.
 Mrs Orion Manson, superintendent of the boys training school, an nounced tonight that a machine gun. with an experienced operator had been set up at the school for the pur- pose of protecting the inmates and the people employed there. She also said that other means had been taken to protect the institution from any possible attack.
 licensed or Being Lynder.
 Nolan is accused of being the nov ing spirit in visit to the reforma- tory of band of 25 or 50 men who sought to seize Tom and Mary Jones, negro attendants, for the purpose of floGging them. Nolan is said to have had a grudge against the negroes be- cause of his dismissal from the insti- tuition. where he had been guard for , years,
 The band failed to get the negroes because of armed resistance
 Earlier the same night the mob seized Jim Douglas brother of Thom- as and administered severe lash- ing because he would not tell them where Thomas could be found.
 Mrs. Manson declared tonight she had received threats that the build ings housing the negro boys at the institution would be dynamited. She added that last night approximately 25 cars were seen parked about two miles from the reformatory. but be- cause, she said, of the heavy guard thrown around the buildings, no ef- fort was made to come near the grounds.
 Boys Might Run Away.
 The superintendent also declared she had received an ultimatum from the inmates, their ages ranging from to IS years, that they would run away in body if adequate protection was not furnished them. There are about 200 youngsters at the institu- tion.
 Mrs. Manson said she had suspected Nolan, and following his arrest he had been positively identified by sew eral of the school inmates. Nolan made several threats to return and beat those negroes to death," Mrs Manson said, and she had feared trouble from him since his discharge sometime ago.
 Nolan expressed the belief, Mrs Manson said, at the time of his dis a negro in his place" He left the grounds after making several re- marks about getting even with the negroes added the superintendent She said that no one had filled the vacancy.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

It would have required just 210OO,- 600 horses working 10 hours a day for 300 working days to furnish the equivalent of the power produced m 1922 by the electric light and power plants Of the country.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

Warnin gthat communists in the pay of Moscow are conspiring to overthrow the United Mine Workers of America and all organized labor has been sent to every trade union connected with the American Federa- ton of Labor by the internatoianl eX- ecutiVe board of the miners,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

Believing secret service men were still after him, Bergdoll fled for his life to Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-08-12

escape the custody of federal au- thorities. At last, while he was on leave at his mothers home in GUS tody of soldiers, he made good his escape
Evening star., 1923-12-14
MEXICO W|LLPAY.
DEBT T0U.S. BANKS
Oil Taxes insufficient, But
Other Government Funds
Promised.
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
MEXICO CITY, December IL (via
Laredo, delayed).-Leon Salinas, sub
secretary of the treasury. stated to-
day that petroleum taxes receivable
were insufficient to cover the amount
needed to complete the first payment
OF $4,000, 900 under the Lamont finan-
cial agreement with United States
bankers, but would be supplemented
with funds taken from other govern
ment sources. The entire amount
still due would be forwarded between
December 20 and December 25, he
added.
Assurances that the administration
had determined that it was capable
of carrying out the agreement were
reiterated by Senior Salinas Ramon
Ross, governor of the federal district
and former member Of the pre-rec-
ognition commission, was due in
washington on a special mission Sat
urday
Lack OF quorum prevented the
senate from meeting today Conse-
quently consideration of the claims
conVenttons was delayed, while politi-
cal debate in the chamber Of deputies
blocked legislation there
AS result Of government fnitia-
tive, meeting of wholesalers and
retailers of foodstuffs and living ne
cessittes agreed voluntarily to limit
price increases to a maximum of 40
per cent, after the cost of some arti-
cleS had been increased more than
100 per cent during the past ten days.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
SEASONAL SURPLUS
OF LABOR is NOTED
Secretary Davis Reports on Pres.
ent Employment Conditions in
Washington and Elsewhere.

There is at present a seasonal sur
plus Of skilled and unskilled labor ap-
parent in Washington, according to
report on employment conditions in
the Capital, made public today by
Secretary of Labor Davis.
Building construction continues on
large scale. the report said, al
though there has been a slight Iet-up
in this activity. The usual shortage
of clerical positions was not quite as
acute as last month, and there is a
surplus for this class of worker.
There are continued demands for
domestic help with the supply nearly
equaling demand.
A slight decrease in. the number of
persons gainfully employed on No
vember 80 in the United States was
shown in the report. Records of
1928 large employing firms showed
that the decrease was barely one-half
of l per cent.
In seven separate industries. includ-
ing tobacco manufacturing, non-fer-
rous metal working and textile
weaving, there were slight increases
in the month in the total number of
persons employed. Reductions in
working forces were noted in steel
leather. food preparing and manufac-
ture of automotive products.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
TODAY'S DIVIDENDS:
WALL STREET BRIEFS
Studebaker-Maxwell Merger Talk
Not Renewed, Erskine
Asserts.
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK. December 14.-Presi-
dent Erskine of the Studebaker Cor
roration has informed questioners in
New York that there has been no
renewal of negotiations for a merger
with Maxwell Motors Wall street
had reports that the deal was
being talked again.
The Anglo American Corporation
of South Africa has declared a divi-
dend of 10 per cent, an increase from
the ia per cent payment last year.
The annual Christmas entertain
ment for children Of the financial
district will be held in the New York
Curb Market at noon December %
Several minor changes in the rules
of the Consolidated Stock Exchange
have been recommended by the law
committee. None of the changes,
however, concern the disciplinary
features, IL was stated.
International bankers assert they
are without information as to the
reported visit to New York of Pre-
mier Theodore of Queensland 1t is
reported that the Queensland premier
viii discuss an American loan to his
country.
The Prairie Oil and Gas COMPANY
has declared the regular quarterly
dividend Of 50, payable January to
stock OF record December 81.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
j. D. c. TOADJUST
FIGHT HERE SOON
Organization Rupture to Get
Decision of National
Head of Body.

There are in Washington today two
District of Columbia divisions of the
United Daughters of the Confederacy,
whereas there should only be one.
Which is which and who's who will be
decided by the president general of
the national organization in a short
time.
Last week the then one division of
the Daughters met in annual session,
and when, 1t is charged, Mrs. Walter
L. Hutton, the presiding officer. would
not agree to presentation of the re-
port of the credentials committee,
many women rose, expressed indigna-
tion and left the assembly. What was
left of the meeting proceeded, officers
were elected and apparently every
thing settled down.
Yesterday, however those women
who walked out because the creden-
tials committee report was not al
lowed to be read (direct charge is
made that it would show a padding
Of the membership rolls OF Robert Z.
Lee Chapter. of which Mrs. Hutton
would be concerned), gathered in Con-
federate Memorial Hall, 1922 Vermont
avenue. and formed what II believes
to be the bona ffde District of Column
bia division of the United Daughters
of the Confederacy.
Elected New Officers.
They elected the following officers:
Mrs. d. c. Ludlow president; Miss
Frances w. Weeks first vice presi-
dent; Mrs. Marie G. Bonham4 second
vice president; Mrs. Mary L. Beall,
recording secretary; Mrs. Forrest F..
Nrooman, corresponding secretary;
Miss Lillian Chenoweth. treasurer;
Mrs. Preston McWhorter. registrar;
Mrs John L. Steele, auditor; Miss
Goodwin l. Ellsworth, historian; Miss
Lena wilkins, custodian: Mrs. Wal
lace Streater. parliamentarian: Miss
Champ Fitzhugh, recorder of crosses,
and Miss Effie Tancill, chaplain.
According to an announcement
made today by Mrs. Vrooman on
authorization of the president "a
majority of the chapters of the orig
inal United Daughters of the Con-
federacy were present
Mrs. Vrooman said that as the hour
Of the meeting approached some or
the followers of Mrs, Hutton were
present at the outside of the building
and took the names of women who
went in and formed the new division.
The entire situation that existed in
the original division before the re-
volt will be laid before the president
general for final decision. Mrs.
Vrooman said.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
NEW ENGLAND TRAFFIC,
C0ASTWISE, RETURNING

BRIDGEPORT, Conn, December IA.
Fabulous prices paid for steamships
during the war disorganized the coast
wise traffic of New England. But 1t
is coming back so fast that New Eng
land manufacturers are amazed.
CoaStwise steamship movement Of
merchandise has increased 60 per cent
in four months, and New England
tonnage through the Panama canal is
20 per cent greater than in the early
part of. this year.
THE Panama route opens up to the
brass industry of the Naugatuck wall
ley, in Connecticut, most of that rich
and growing commercial country that
lies west Of the Sierra Nevada noun
tains, and gives New England ship
pers advantages in reaching the East
Indies and Asiatic ports" declared
Carl f. DietZ. president of the Bridge
port Brass Company.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
DOLLAR AND POUND
SURPRISE BERLIN
New Rentenmark Results in Tenn
porary Scarcity of Paper
Marks.
BY the Associated Press.


BERLIN, December 1.-THE ever
changing money situation entered
into novel phase yesterday, when
the dollar and the pound sterling
dipped well below the officially fixed
quotation of, respectively. 4.20O, ,0OO.-
100000 and $4,000, 900, 100000. Ex-
change officers refused to pay more
than 3,S00,000, 900 900 and Is. 00O. .OO0.-
100000. while banks professed reluc-
tance TO take foreign notes, whereas
a few weeks ago they almost fought
one another to obtain them
The reason advanced for this situa-
tion was that the cessation of the
money printing presses and the per
collation. of the new rentenmark into
circulation is causing a temporary
scarcity in paper marks. But the
suspicion was unavoidable that the
banks were engaged in squeezing
the public on paper marks, as they
did before on dollars and pounds.
The Rentenbank alone is officially
authorized to change foreign cur
rencies at the official rates for rem
tenmarks. These rentenmarks, how
ever. are only issued in limited
quantities. so that foreigners in Ber-
lin are wholly at the mercy of the
money changers. who. for the mo-
ment, control the situation.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
COURT D|SSOLVES
CEMENT COMBINE
Judge Says Association Kept
Supply Behind Demand.
Handicapping Builders.
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, December 1.-THE
Cement Manufacturers Protective As
sociation. which Is said to have spent
S1.000,000 yearly in exchanging sta
tistics on production, credits and use
of cement in this country, was dis
solved in a decree signed last night
by Federal Judge Knox. The disso-
luton of the association was ordered
last October by Judge Knox on the
ground it operated in violation of the
Sherman antitrust law.
The decision was made after ex-
tended litigation. Judge Knox eX-
tended the dissolution to include the
corporate and individual members of
the association. He also ordered that
the practice of interchanEing statis-
tics be discontinued.
In Judge Knoxs opinion one OF the
effects of the interchange of sta
tistics was TO keep the supply of ce-
ment little behind the demand
through the common consent and ac-
tion of the association members One
of the big expenses of the association
was that of supervising specific job
work, il was said. That activity was
said to have been very trying TO
builders and is prohibited by the de-
cree.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
CRUDE OIL PRICES
BOOSTED rs CENTS.
Advances on Six Grades Put. Into
Effect at Opening Of To-
days Market.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PITTSBURGH, Pa, December IA
An increase of % cents a barrel in
the price of six grades of Pennsyl-
vania crude oil was announced when
the market opened today. The new
prices are:
Pennsylvania grade in New York
Transit Company lines and Bradford
district oil in National Transit Com
pany lines. s2.s5. and Pennsylvania
grade oil in National Transit Com
pany lines, Southwest Pennsylvania
lines, Eureka Pipe Line Company
lines and Buckeye Pipe Company
lines, $3.50
Other grades were unchanged
State Loses OIL Suit.
AUSTIN, Tex, December 1.-THE
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey
is not doing business in Texas be-
cause 1t owns the majority stock of
the Humble Oil and Refining Com
pany of Houston, Judge Calhoun of
the Travis county district court held
in the states antitrust suit against
the Humble Company. In deciding
against the state, the court said he
was guided by decisions of the United
States Supreme Court
The court held that the mere fact
that a foreign company has acquired
the stock of Texas company does
not constitute doing business in
Texas by foreign company"
After Mexican OIL Companies.
NEW YORK. December IA. The
Marland Oil Company of Delaware,
has arranged to take over part of the
minority holdings of the Marland
Company of Mexico and the Consoli-
date OIL Company of Mexico. infor-
nation filed with the New York Stock
Exchange discloses. The Delaware
Company seeks to acquire 80 per cent
of the outstanding stock of the two
Mexican companies, it was stated.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
FINDS OIL RAPIDLY
TAKING PLACE OF COAL

NEW YORK, December 14.-The
movement to substitute fuel oil for
anthracite is gaining headway in this
country. according to leaders in the
industry, which is carrying on a cam
paign to encourage the use of OIL
burners in homes. Henry l. Doherty,
head of the Cities Service organiza-
tion. said that oil for heating was
mot too expensive" He tried to point
out some of the fallacies In the public
mind, especially that it is expensive,
dangerous and that the supply is un-
certain.
Mr.. Doherty said: "As a gas man /
am, of course, ambitious to substitute
gas for heating in place of solid fuels.
but oil for house-heating purposes
threatens to make it more difficult for
gas men to substitute their product
In my estimation the most perfect
condition would be for a substitution
of combination of gas and oil for
solid fuels. Today, however, oil must
have the right of way over gas and
other substitutes
Evening star., 1923-12-14
PLEADS FOR CLOSER.
LEGISLATION STUDY
Bankers President Also 0p.
timistic on Business Out
look for 1924.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND. Ohio. December IL
Seven hundred Ohio bankers attend
ing the annual meeting of the Bank
ers' Club of Cleveland last night
heard expressions of optimism as to
the business outlook in 1924. from
Walter w. Head of Omaha, president
of the American Bankers Associa-
tion; Fred L. Kent. New York finan-
cier, and l.. F. Loree, president of the
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Com
pany.
Mr.. Head urged business men to be
more alert in national affairs and
seek to bring about relief from ex-
cessive governmental regulation and
the rapidly increasing number of
laws of all kinds.
The meeting also went on record
as opposed to a soldiers bonus or
adjusted compensation, but 1t ex-
pressed itself in favor of liberal ex-
penditure for the care of disabled
veterans.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
AUTO PLANTS ABSORBING
LABOR AT HIGH RATE
Special Dispatch to The Star.


DETROIT, December 4.-After sew
eral weeks of declining employment
in industrial plants here, the situa-
tion has reversed itself and the last
two weeks showed sharp increases
due to unusual activity at automobile
plants. The total this week was 217,-
O97, an increase of 2.767. For the
corresponding week last year the
total was 1865 The largest in
creases were in the Ford and Chev-
rolet plants.
CLEVELAND, December 14-Cleve-
land manufacturers of automobiles
and accessories are planning extern
sive production after the turn of the
year The Chandler Company pro-
poses to make 22,500 cars in 1924
compared with about 1880 this year
Jordan is finishing its best year with
about 10000 cars produced and the
Stearns Company business is running
about double what it was a year ago
WARREN, Ohio, December 14-Em-
ployment will be given to one thou
sand workers here by the opening of
six new motor accessory plants after
January / and the extension of op-
erations by the Packard Electric
Company, maker of electric cables
used on automobiles.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
PRICES UNSTEADY
IN COTTON MARKET
U. S. Government Report About as
Expected on Actual
Consumption.
BY the Associated Press.

DE tue Associated PreSS.
NEW YORK, December 1.-THE
cotton market showed renewed ner-
vousness early today. The opening
was to SO points lower under scat
tered selling inspired by relatively
easy Liverpool cables, with January
off to 1920 and March to 34.6S on the
call. The census report showing do
mestic consumption of 531, ,631 bales
was about in line with expectations,
and after the initial selling orders
had been absorbed the market stiff
ened up a few points on covering
There were rumors that private re
turns indicated a ginning of 9,473;O00
bales to December 13, but the figures
were not confirmed. Private cables
reported a moderate trade demand in
Liverpool and a slightly better spot
demand, but said general business
was quiet.
NEW ORLEANS, December IA
Cotton futures opened steady. De-
cember. 34.2S; January, 34.40; March,
34.62; May, 34.60; July, 1895.
Evening star., 1923-12-14
FIVE ARE INDICTED
IN TWO MURDERS
Ralph Thomas, Colored, Is
Charged With Staying
:,
Wife Last July.

Ralph Thomas, colored, was in
dicted by the grand jury today for
murder in the first degree. He is
alleged to have cut the throat of
his wife, Sadie Thomas, at 221 Eye
street southwest, July 81 last. Jeal-
ousy is given as the cause Of the
homicide.
Other indictments for murder in
the first degree were reported against
Ernest A. Brown, Lloyd Monroe, Will
liam Ludley and John P. Slaughter,
all colored. They are charged with
killing Policeman John w. Purcell.
former indictment against the men
was discovered to be inaccurate.
Other Indictments.
Others indicted and the charges
against them are: Ranzel r. Peel.
Jones and Frank Wilson, grand lar
ceny; Harry Smith and Clement
Smith, assault with dangerous weap-
on; Perry A. Smith, false pretenses;
Donald E. Johnson, assault with dan
gerous weapon; Jacob Shoofal, non
James Green. embezzlement; John
Abersole and Frank Christopher, bring
ing stolen autos into District; Morris
Wasserman, violating postal laws; John
Cephas. non-support; Carroll Thomas,
non support; Otis Smith, violation white
slave act; Gertrude Adams, alias
Maud Johnson, grand larceny; Albert
L. Calvert, assault with dangerous
weapon; James w. Hebron, Mack
Oxi and Erastus Jarman, forgery and
uttering; Ellen Nelson, Marie Wise,
John Smallwood. Virginia Lee, Ford
Muse and Patrick Allen, robbery;
Robert H Beatty, grand larceny.
The grand jury ignored the follow
ing cases: Muriel Bias, carnal knowi-
edge; Allen ]. Haskins, carnal knowl-
edge: Harry Gaines, seduction: Helen
E. Gwyn, grand larceny; Robert
A. Moore, assault with dangerous
weapon; Elmer Grubb, joyriding;
John S. Elliott, receiving stolen prop