davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1923-01-03
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

AZ has been said above, the people
Of the United States, despite the fact
that they were relatively prosperous.
were not contented. Taxes, rentals
and the prices Of the necessities of life
remained too high. and the farmer es-
psciaily complained because he did not
receive enough for the products Of his
toll. Az usual. the unrest expressed IT.
self at the polls. What many consid-
cred tho conservatism Of the Harding
administration was blamed. with or
without reason. A. the primary cleo
lions In various states anne along. the
voters saw and ssised their chance.
and frequently the more conservative
candidates were beaten by so-cnlled
progressives. Albert J. Bevsridgs de-
tented Senator New In Indiana Lynn
]. Frazier defeated Senator McCumber
in North Dakota Senators johnson Of
California and La Toilette Of wiscon-
sin were triumphnntly renominated-
and there were many other such In
stances. 1t was generally predicted
that the Democrats would win big VIC
tories In the election on November T..
and the results justified the forecast.
In both house and senate the Republic
nm majority was tremendously re-
duced. Such well known dgures as
DUPONT. Kellogg. Townsend, Calder.
Pomerene and Polndexter were retired.
A feature Of the election was tbs i'm
mense majority rolled up for Al Smith,
Democratic candidate for the COVER
narnhin Of New York.
, 1923-01-03
sv EDWARD W. PlckARp

NomentOus events and 0eveiopments
marked the year 1922, both at home
and abroad. In America these includ-
Cd the great strikes of coal miners and
railroad shopmen ; the passage by con-
eress of a new tariff bill. and the gen.
srnl defeat of the Republican party In
tho November elections. Among the
most noteworthy events elsewhere
we're the establishment of the Irish
Free State; the election Of q new
none: the rout Of the Greeks In Asia
Minor and the regeneration of the
turkish state, followed by the Near
East peace conference at Lausanne
the downfall Of Prime Minister Lloyd
George, and the triumph Of the Fas-
clsti in Italy.
Although the people Of the United
States enjoyed a fair amount Of pros
perity throughout the year. they were
dlscontented and dissatisfied. and
showed 1t when they went to the polls
in November. Seemingly they did not
like the new tariff law, and the big
strikes and the matter Of prohibition
enforcement also had their enect then.
Economic and financial conditions In
some Of the European countries
showed little or no Improvement. due
In part to the continued state Of I'M
settlement concerning the German rep
aratlons and to the renewed turmoil In
the Near East. Other countries, nota-
bly, Italy and Czechoslovakia, moved
definitely toward stabilization and
prosperity. Communism and socialism
suffered a tremendous setback In Italy
when the Fascist rebelled against
those doctrines and took over the con-
troll Of the government
As in 1921. December was marked
by an International conference in
Washington. for President Harding
had invited the Central American re-
publics TO send delegates there to dis
cuss limitation of ornaments and
other questions. They met on Decem-
Der 4.
, 1923-01-03
IS passed the naval appropriation bill
carrying $325. 900, 900.
LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL

Bulking large In the affairs of Amer
lea were the two big strikes. of the
railway shopmen and the coal miners.
In effect Mt the saine time, they seri-
ously threatened the national we'll
being by disrupting traffic and causing
n countrywide shortage OF fuel.
Unable TO reach an agreement with
the mine operators on the wage scale.
the miners, both anthracite and btu
minous, went on strike April /. In
June and July President Harding con-
ferred with representatives Of both
sides. and proposed that the men re-
turn to work Mt the old wages and that
the new scale be arbitrated. His plan
being rejected, he told the operators
to reopen their mines under protection
Of federal troops and the flag. In only
n few cases was this done. There
were numerous local conflicts and some
killings. and the price of coal threat
ened to become extortionate. To pre-
vent profteering the government
adopted a plan for the supervision OF
production and distribution Of coal on
July "a. Operators and miners of the
bituminous fields met at Cincinnati and
on August Is signed an agreement
ending the strike, the men winning vir-
tually all their demands. A similar
settlement of the anthracite strike was
made on September 2. 1t was admit
ted hat the DOT of the trouble had moi
been reached and that another strike
in the spring of 1923 was almost n GER
talnty. Since there was still a great
shortage of coal. Conrad f. Spens was
appointed federal fuel director on Sep
TENDER %.
The railway strike followed an order
OF the federal railway labor board, Is
sued Tune 6. reducing the wages of the
shopMen about S6O,OO0,000 a year.
Other rail employees had their pay cut
proportionately. but the shopmen were
chosen to make the fight. They quit
work IN July 1, and two days later
we're "outlawed' by the board. On
Jlly IA they were reinforced by the
stationary engineers, fremen and oil
ers. From the beginning the admins
tration strove to bring about a settle
ment, but both sides were stubborn,
the restoration of seniority rights be-
ing the main stumbling block. Presi-
dent Harding warned the strikers
against interference with malls or In
terstate transportation, and the agen-
cies Of the government were active in
enforcing his orders. Finding they
could not tie up traffic, the strikers in
many regions resorted to extreme vio-
lence, and even to murder. In the Far
West some OF the Brotherhood of
Trainmen members co-operated with
them until called of by their chiefs.
Several trains loaded with passengers
were abandoned in the deserts. Final
ly the government struck a vital blow
at the strike. Attorney General Daugh-
erty, on September 1. obtained from
Judge Wilkerson In Chicago a sweep
ing order restraining the shop crafts
from interfering in any way with the
operation of the railways. Two weeks
later the strike was broken when
many railroads negotiated separate
agreements with the shopmen.
, 1923-01-03
FOREIGN AFFAIRS

with Michael Collins MS Its head.
the provisional government OF tho Irish
Free State was established In Jnnu-
ary,. after Dali Eireann had accepted
the treaty with England and De Valera
had refused to accede. Immediately
the republicans, now rebels. started n
warfare that lnsted throughout the
year and was marked by innumerable
demonstrations and other outrages.
The Free State forces gradually gained
possession Of most Of the territory
where the rebels were strong and the
fighting d~egenerated Into bushwhack-
, 1923-01-03
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

January found the great powers still
engaged in formulating treaties and
agreements In the Washington confer
ence on ornaments and Pacific ocean
problems, and on February l the dele
gates, in plenary session. adopted the
dve-powe r naval limitation treaty with
an agreement on Pacific fortiications ;
passed resolutions declaring the open
door in China. and approved 4 treaty
for the restriction of the use Of poison
gas and submarines in warfare. At
the snme time, Mr.. Balfour announced
that Great Britain would restore We'll
Hai-wei to China. Three days later
the conference approved a number Of
treaties designed to restore to China
some of her lost liberties and passed
a resolution for the creation Of an In
ternational commission to revise the
rules Of warfare. On February 9 the
felesates signed all the treaties and
the conference adjourned sine die. and
In four days President Harding sub
mlttad the treaties to the senate.
BY the end OF March the senate had
ratified all these treaties, a. we'll a.
one with Japan. BY which the trcu-
b,esome question Of American rights
on the island Of Zap was settled. Great
britain and Japan also, In the courss
NJ time, ratified the conference pacts.
and, like the United States, took steps
toward putting into effect the terms
OF the treaty on naval Limitation. But
France, more interested In her own
troubles connected with the German
separations and with the Developments
IN the Near East, delayed action. and
her example was followed By several
INHALER nations. Thus the full effect
" some Of the treaties was lost for the
Tine being.
Rehsbilitation Of Europe. economic
md financial. vas the great problem
una confronted the world and, Of
course, its solution depended to Q con-
sioerabls extent on Z settlement Of the
German reparations matter. This had
not been reached when the rear came
70 a close. The allied commissaon, an
International banksrs' committee ana
various individuals struggled with the
question throughout the twelve
months, but II would be tedious to tell
N detail Of their s9orts. Tbs Germans
,'eadi'y maintained that complete en-
lorcement Of the treaty Of Versailles
wouid ruin Germany and Ne disastrous
TOT the rest Of Europe. although Doc
,"r With. the chancellor, held that
Germany must and would ultimately
psy the reparntions bill. Berlin insist
w 'nht a long moratorium be granted
nnmp INC. payments and that an inter-
u"uohai loan to Germany he arranged.
"'ance' depending on the r~eparntions
""a'ey Tor reconstruction md continu-
NY WI mo verge Of bankruptcy, would
a~' ns'en to propositions for the RI.
",,,oh OF the war bill. and from time
ume made preparations to put into
.v' sanctions against Germany, such
~'ccupying the Ruhr district ana tia
auonm forests n the nhinbland. Al
s"ys Great Britain objected 10 this un-
"'e In the gear. when Bonar Law
, 1923-01-03
NEUROLOGY

Every month OF the year has Its list
of notable persons taken by death. In
January these included: Sir Ernest
shackiston. British explorer. In he
Antarctic: Marquis okuma. japanese
, 1923-01-03
now THE WORLD
Jared IN 1922
Prosperity, Discomfort and Two
Bio Strikes Among Notable
Developments in America.
REVERSE FOR REPUBLICANS

.,,rons still 10 In Economic and Flnan-
clal Turmoii-pewnfaii Of Lloyd
Georse-Turks Defeat Greeks
and Recover Lost Territory
-Faseisti Gain Control
Of Italy.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
WHAT is HAPPINESS?

The aim of human life, no doubt, is
happiness. But, after all, what is
happiness? Efficiency, wealth, ma
terial comfort? Many by their lives
do SO affirm; few are cynical enough
to say so; and on their death-beds
none will feel so. Not even freedom
in itself brings happiness. Happiness
lies in breadth of heart. And
breadth of heart is that inward free
dom which has the power to under
stand, feel with, and if need be, help
others. In breadth of heart are
founded justice, love, sacrifice; with
out it there would be no special mean
ing to any of our efforts, and the tale
Of all human life would be still no
more than that of supremacy gifted
animals, many of whose communities
are highly efficient, and have instinct
i've unity founded on experience of it's
utility, but none of that conscious al
truism which is without perception
of future benefit to self, and works
from sheer recognition of it's own
beauty.-Galsworthy, in Atlantic.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
MORE IMMIGRATION PROBLEMS.

England's plan of solving her un-
employment problem by sending her
surplus population to the self-govern-
ing British dominions is not working
out along the lines anticipated. For
the last two years the English press
has been urging those out of m
ployment to emigrate to South Afri-
ca, Australia or Canada. The gov
eminent had aided by advancing the
cost of transportation to all citizens
of Great Britain who wish to mi
CRATE to a British dominion.
The emigration propaganda has
had the desired effect. Workmen
and their families are now leaving
at the rate of about 5000 a week; but
the great majority of them are com
ing to the United States, where they
T lost to the empire. They prefer
to pay their fare to American ports
! rather than ride free elsewhere.
At no other time in so years
has the tide Of American emigration
run so strong. Last year the Brit
ish quota of 8 per cent was not hal.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
HELPING MOTHER.

Hard at it, l see, Mrs. Grey"
eyes, Mrs. Butcher; this is my
washing day, and looking after a fam
lily of ten doesn't leave much time on
my hands,"
as that Kitty's voice that l hear
at the piano in the parlor?"
eyes, that's her. 1 don't see how
I'd get along without that girl. AL
ways on these days when / have the
most firing work, she picks out her
incest pieces, like "Sweet Rest By
and By Mothers Growing Old,
Love Will Roll the Clouds Away,
and sings them for me while Pm run
ming the clothes through the first
water. 'Tain't every girl who'd be sc
thoughtful, l can tell you."-LondOr
Weekly Telegraph.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
HAIR DARK
WITH SAGE TEA
10 Mixed with Sulphur II Darkens
So Naturally Nobody
Can Tell

The oid-time mixture OF Sage Tea
and Sulphur for darkening gray,
streaked and faded hair is grandmoth-
er's recipe, and folks are again using it
to keep their hair a good, even color,
which is quite sensible, as ~s are liv-
ing in an age when a youthful appear
ance is of the greatest advantage.
Nowadays, though, we don't have the
troublesome task of gathering the sage
and the muSsy mixing at home. All
drua stores sell the ready-to-use prod
uct, Improved by the addition of other
ingredients, called "Wyeth's Sage and
Sulphur Compound" Il is very popu-
lar because nobody can discover it has
been applied. Simply moisten your
conE or a soft brush with it and draw
this through your hair, taking n small
strand at a time; by morning the gray
hair disappears, but what delights the
ladies with Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur
Compound, is that, besides beautifully
d~arkening the hair after a few applica-
tons, it also produces that soft luStre
and appearance of abundance which is
so attractive.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
Drink Water
If Back or
Kidneys Hurt
Begin Taking Salts If You Feel
Baekachy or Have Bladder
Weakness

Too much rich food forms acids which
excite and overwork the kidneys in
their efforts 10 filter it from the system.
Flush the kidneys occasionally to re-
lieve them like YOU relieve the bowels.
removing acids, waste and poison, else
you may feel a dull misery in the kid
ney region, sharp pains in the back or
sick headache, dizziness, the stomach
sours, tongue is coated, and when the
weather is bad you have rheumatic
twinges. The urine is cloudy, full of
sediment, the channels often get irri-
tated, obliging n to get up two or
three times during the night.
To help n~eutralize these irritating
acids and flush off the body's urinoNs
waste, begin drinking water. Also get
about four unces of Jad Salts from
any pharmacy, take a tablespoonful IN
a glass of water before breakfast for
a few days and your kidneys may then
act fine and bladder disorders disappear.
This famous salts is made from the
acid of grapes and lemon Juice. COM
| bined with lithia. and has been used
for years to help clean and stimulate
sluggish kidneys and stop bladder irri-
tation. Jad Salts is inexpensive and
makes a delightful ~efTervescent lithia-
water drink which millions of men and
women take now and then to help pre-
vent serious kidney and bladder dis
orders.
BY ali means. drink lots of good watei
every day. Have your physician exam
me your Ednexs at bast twSce . yeas
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18

filled, but present prospects are that
the quota for this year viii be COM
pleted long before July 1. Under
the present immigration act 77342
British subjects are permitted to en-
ter the country each year. More than
$4,000 have already arrived and they
are now leaving British ports at the
rate of 1000 a week.
Scotland is leading the list. More
than 500 are leaving the port of
Glasgow for the United States every
even days. The emigration move
ment has been accelerated by the
closing of the industries in the Ruhr.
The workers in the industrial dis
tricts fear that the French occupa-
ton will cause a great industrial de-
preston, to be followed by a war.
They neither want to starve nor fight,
so they are leaving for the United
States.
A warning has come from consular
agents, however, that there is an un-
usually large number of Reds among
the British emigrants. They are
pouring out of the great industrial
districts. Most of them are foreign
ers who went to England as indus
trial workers and who are now con
tinuing their migration to this coun-
try.
Radicalism has made enormous
strides in the British industrial cen
tiers during the last generation. This
is very noticeable in Scotland, once
| the backbone of British conservatism.
In the last national election the Scot
fish industrial districts along the
Clyde sent an almost solid labor del
egation to parliament. Some of the
members are confessedly allied with
the Third internationale. They boast
of it in the house of commons.
In Glasgow and Edinburgh the
members of the old Scotch families
say with regret, "Most of the worth
while Scotchmen are now in Canada
or in the United States" The indus
trial workers who have taken theiI
places are inclined to socialism. L
is possible that we shall get a full
quota from Great Britain this yea
without getting much that is wortl
while.-Los Angeles Times.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18

properties into physical condition to
handle promptly agricultural freight
during the coming crop-moving sea-
son, much Of the basis for complaint
against the railroads will be re-
moved.
Were there no uncertainty as to
their earning power under public con-
troll, railway credit might be restored
to an extent that would permit the
roads to borrow money needed for
expansion of facilities at rates which
would keep their fixed charges at a
safe and reasonable ratio to their net
income.
The volume of new equipment loans
has been large and well received by
investors, as they return a good yield,
especially those of intermediate ma
TURTLES. Equipment trust certifi-
Gates are, nevertheless, among the
highest grade railway lnveatmenrd
and have an enviable record as re-
CARDS security. Title to the rolling
stock, essential to operation, covered
by the certificates, vests in a trustee
until the final payment is made, so
that an increasing equity for the GER
tificate holder is built up.
Among the industrial issues the
principal attractions have been the
stocks and convertible bonds of cor
porations producing or employing
basic commodities which have been
advancing in price. Some of these
securities have enjoyed not only con-
siderable trading activity but sus-
tanned price advances-an evidence
that the market has not fully dis
counted the effects of the generally
improved business conditions upon
certain industries.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
FINANCIAL And BUSINESS SURVEY

trade while prices are rising has led
to a distinct ffrming of prime COM
mercial paper rates.
Advancing money rates have had
the usual effect upon the prices of
corporation bonds of investment
grade, which have been slowly fall
ing. Speculative interest which vas
strong in such bonds during most of
last year, is now practically absent,
or is confined to those loans which
may have possibilities of enhancement
because of particular circumstances
affecting individual issues. The vol
m of new issues has declined and
the market is absorbing recent offer
ings.
While there is a tendency toward
gradually rising yields from the
standard investment bonds, there is
little expectation that this swing of
the market will be large or of long
duration. When interest rates are
advancing, Short-term investments
n usually in greater demand than
long-term, but the issues of dedium
length ~maturities, generally speaking,
present the most favorable yields in
such a market.
Liberty bonds of all issues declined
a little further; but, as the selling
by large holders, due to the coming
expiration of tax-exemption privi-
leges, should be completed within the
next three months, the prices of these
government loans may remain for a
time close to their present level,
where they offer attractive prospects
for appreciation Of the principal of
an investment. ew state and munic-
ipal offerings have diminished in size
and importance lately; but the income
tax payments of the month temper.
arily lessened the demand for munic.
ipals and there has been little changt
since February in the yields to be haC
from these securities.
Fear Of political interference will
our transportation system still off
sets in some measure the effect upol
railroad securities of the pronounced
improvement in the volume of traffi
and the lowered operating costs o
most railways. However, should sue
cess attend the measures the rail ex
ecutives are taking to bring thei
EwasaezzHa
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
TOURISTS AND ADS. PAY.

Treat the tourist kindly, for he is
a cash customer and valuable asset.
II there is any doubt about it we can
be treasured in the nationwide ad-
vertising campaign that California
people r making to attract more
tourists to their state. Californians
have built a wonderful state largely
upon their tourist crop. Their orange
growers, grape growers, lemon
growers and peach growers have all
pulled themselves up into organized
prosperity by the power of national
advertising. 1t is very natural then
for the cities and towns and rail-
roads to join in a nationwide ad-
vertising campaign for tourists. In
fact the entire Pacific coast region
is at it.
San Francisco leads with her Cali
fornians Inc, which appears in the
national prints with $780, 900 worth
of advertising. Los Angeles has
raised 100000, and San Pedro, its
harbor town, has $75 900 to spend for
national advertising. More millions
are being spent by growers associa-
tions and all of the transcontinenta1
railroads are appropriating more mil
lions for national advertising to at
tract more tourists. One fruit as
ISOLATION alone has $4,000, 900 to spend
for national advertising.
But the northern states of Wash
ington and Oregon want tourists, too,
and the Burlington, Great Northern
and Northern Pacific railroads have
Joined in a 81, zoo, 900 advertising
campaign for tourists. The state of
Oregon will add $15O,OOO of adver-
Using to the same appeal.
That it pays to advertise for tour
lists may be seen from results. Since
the publication of the first adver-
tisement by the San Francisco COM
pany called Californians Inc, in
quiries have never averaged less than
500 per day, and are now running well
over 1000 per day. Each inquiry is
followed up by a succession of glow
ing literature extolllng California to
the tourists who may be interested.
Southern California cities of $4,000
inhabitants are issuing more building
permits each month than is Des
Moines with its $50 1000 people.
That tourists pay there is no doubt
in the minds of those who know. ID
N. Lunnard, owner of four great
tourist hotels in Pasadena, estimates
that the tourists are spending 81 00O,
600 per day in southern California
alone. Most of them gravitate t.
Los Angeles, and the Los Angelo,
Times carries advertisements from
eight southern California cities al
appealing to the tourists to locat
! with them. The money for these ad
! is raised by chambers of commerce
! Oh, treat the tourist kindly, for h
! Is a cash customer and a valuabl
asset. If our Lincoln Highway
I ever paved we will have more of thel
I and incidentally it pays to advertis
! If you doubt it, ask any r~aiIroa,
4 chamber of commerce, hotel synd
3 cate or fruit growers association q
4 the Pacific slope.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1923-04-18
THE SECURITIES MARKET.

The most important factor in the
securities market is no longer the
amount of funds available for invest
ment, large as this seems to be, but
rather the hardening tendency OF
commercial money rates, according to
a review in the current number Of
the Guaranty Survey, published by
the Guaranty Trust Comapny of New
York.
The banks have sufficient funds,
the Survey says, to care for both
commercial and government require
ments, with out strain and with COM
%paratively little to the fed
eral reserve banks. Nevertheless the
expanding volume of production and