davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05
TURKS BRING FIDGET
 BEADS TO LAUSANNE

LAUSANNE, Jan. 5. - "Fidget beads" have made their appearance in the Lausanne conference, and are assisting the poets philosophers, historians, antiQuarians and states men of Levantine delegations in solving Near East problems.
 Djellaladine xArif Bey, representa- tive of the Angora Government at Rome, constantly carries a strand of large red beads which he fingers nervously while discussing how the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles shall be disposed Of,
 Other members of the large Turk ish party carry similar beads, and to a lesser degree they are used by other Near Eastern delegations.
 Levantines cannot relieve their nervousness by twirling their thumbs or playing with their watchfobs after the manner of Westerners. They must have their hands engaged be- fore their brains can Auction, or at least they think they must Conse- quently it is not unusual to meet Near Eastern representatives wand ering through the hotel Hobbies of Lausanne in an aimless way with brightcolored beads in their hands.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05
DCUKAb0RS LIKELY
 TO RETURN TO RUSSIA

TORONTO, Jan. 5.-A report from Yorktown, Sask., says that there is a movement among the independent "Doukhobors' to migrate back to Russia whence they came more than a quarter of a century ago. There are about 5000 of the sect working farms outside the original DOuIlhobor communal colony over which Peter Verigin is the head. Verigin's fol- lowers in Saskatchewan and British Columbia are not involved.
 Two agents from the independent districts, which have been formed by offshoots from the original communal colony, have been in Russia and have just returned to Canada. No definite information is available as to the nature of their report on the pro- posed trek back to Europe.
 The religious beliefs and practices of the "Doukhobors" have frequently brought them into conflict with the provincial and federal governments. The education law and the wartime draft resulted in the movement of a large colony to Mexico.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05
BUILD NEW
 STADIA FOR
 SPORT CROWDS

NEW YORK, Jan. 5.-Growing pop ular interest in outdoor sports thru out the metropolitan area, especially in baseball and football, will result in largely increased accommodations for spectators in 1923, according to present indications. Conservative es- inmates place at 5OO,000 the total simultaneous seating capacity which scores of fields, and a few larger stadiums will have when plans now under way are completed.
 While more than half of this ca pacity is scattered among smaller school, college and athletic club en- closures, approximately 216,00O will be accommodated in four big areas These are the three major league ball parks Polo Grounds, Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, and Baker Field, Columbias new stadium.
 Yankee Stadium, home of the American League Baseball Club in the Bronx, is rapidly nearing con- pletion and if not entirely finished will be ready, at any rate, for the formal opening of the 1923 baseball season in April A 400 yards cinder path will offer facilities for track and field sports. while football and boxing also will be staged in the big arena whose seating capacity will be from 10000 to S0,000.
 Worlds series attendance last fall at the Polo Grounds exceeded all previous records there, and as re- suit the home of the New York Giants is being enlarged to seat 54,OOO, about 17,O0O more than it's present capacity. Football and box ing also figure as attractions at this field. Ebbets Field, grounds of the Brooklyn Natinoal League Club, with seating capacity of 22,OO0, has been used for boxing and occasionally so411, svw
 Plans for Baker Field Columbia's projected stadium, to be erected at 18th Etreets and Broadway, call for a bowl seating between 50000 and GO,O00, but it is doubtful if this will he realized for some time. Work on the playing fields is expected to start in the spring, with the possi- bility that football may be played there in the fall but university ath- letic authorizes point out that the development of the whole project is yet in it's infancy.
 Next fall, with the Yankee Stadium as an added neutral battle ground football is expected to claim much greater public interest Already Syracuse and Pittsburg Universities have agreed to play their annual game at the American League Park and it is probable that New York again will be the scene of the Army Navy classic, which for several years has been held at the Polo Grounds.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05
MOSCOW THIEVES HID
 LOOT IN CEMETERY

MOSCOW, Jan. 5. Ingenious thieves of this city have been using an old graveyard in which to hide food supplies pilfered from railroad cars. The loot was buried at night under what, the next day, looked like newly made graves. Ultimately the police recovered 15 tons of sugar, and half as much cocoa and flour, all of which had been abstracted from re- lief supplies.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05
FOURTH ESTATERs IN JAPAN
 FARE AS OTHERS IN SALARY

OSAKA, Jan. 5.-Janpanese news paper men, like their colleagues in aries, but efforts are being made by prosperous newspapers in Osaka to elevate the standard.
 The Osaka Mainichi, which has a daily circulation of about SO0,00O, has made substantial increase in it's existing scale of salaries. Together with a bonus distributed twice a year, the actual pay is two to three times the specified salary.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05
NEAT,QUIET GIRL MOST SOUGHT
 AS WIFE

LONDON, Jan. 5. What sort of wife do men want? Is the bobbed- haired, pert, igarette-smoking flap per" of today the ideal of the mascu- line suitor or is it the desire of the modern male to mate with a woman in whom sweetness, gentleness, dig nifty and graciousness are the predom- inant qualities?
 Take it from Lady Maude Tree, widow of Sir Beerboh Tree, the noted actor it is the girl with the Ornament of a neat and quiet spirit" who wins from her "more blatant" sister in the matrimonial race.
 Most men choose their wives be- cause they are head over ears in love, and they do not care what she is if only she is she," Lady Tree asserted. "It is something beyond eyebrows and elbows and eccentrcities which makes a man decide that such one, and such one alone, shall be the partner of his joys. She, be she what may, is his hearts desire, and he won't be happy till he gets her.
 Charms Challenged
 But man in a more reasonable mood will not be carried away by mere bright eyes and charms ebul- lient. He will ask: Is she as kind as she is fair?' He will ask if she has the instincts of orderliness, of the attribute that is next to godliness, of good temper, good sense and good na- ture. Has she the low voice, that excellent thing in women;' the kiss that is like the kiss of wild roses, the glance that is that of waters stilled at even
 "In the girlhood of today there is on the surface so much that is pert, that is loud-voiced, familiar, irreve- lent, uncouth and ungracious, that were one to issue a warning to young men, Beware of what these seem!' there would scarcely be any marriages made
 But if the young women of today good and sweet young women- would realize that men do notice, do love the ornament of a neat and quiet spirit. perhaps some of the more bla- tant would alter their ways.'
 Girls who smoke cigarettes and drink "Manhattans and Martinis," Lady Tree believes, are not approved by marrying men. The men tolerate it, but they do not like it.
 "Sweetness" Preferred
 ''Let us imagine the ideal good con sort" Lady Tree continued. "She is sweet and twenty She is her fathers friend and her mothers right hand She can pray and she can play. She can sew and she can darn. She reads without being a bookworm she thinks without being a recluse. She is heavenly compound of common sense and lively imagination. She is eager in mind and tranquil in behavior.
 "Whatever she does, whatever she wears, whatever she speaks she will be gracious, graceful and appropriate. Though a girl she will have dignity and courage.
 q shall be accused of describing perfection-the unattainable. Far from it. I declare that there are thousands of such unmarried girls waiting to be asked to be wives. l have pictured the ordinary, the not impossible She"
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05

Whipping cream for sale at the City Bakery. Shipments received on every boat. 12-5t.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05

Dirty work is regarded as honor able if it is done in tinkering with an automobile.
The Cordova daily times., 1923-01-05

Try Daily Times for Job Printing.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
BIDS WILL Be
OPENED FRIDAY
Board to Check Estimates
on Fire Apparatus

Members OF tho board OF public
works. viii open bids Friday for the
purchase OF II pieces OF firo fight,
Ing apparatus and II tho equipment
Is purchased tho Seattle depart
ment win have been completely
motorized when the equipment Is
delivered.
TIE city council has appropriated
100000 for the purpose. after hav.
ing recalled a former ordinance MP.
proprlatIng $4,000 when former
bids werc rejected.
Walter s. Long. general mnuager
OF tho American Ia France Co. Of
Portland. Is In town secklng TO lnnl
the contract FOR the American In
france type OF saglne ana equip.
mcnt.
We sold engines AZ McAflnnyiile,
Ore. Portland and Yakima" Long
said. Engines have also been sold
TO Kslso. Bend. Orc: Longviow.
Wash: Occur d'Alenc and Pocateilo.
Idaho"
The Stn'z Co. The Scagraye Co
and the Arons-Fox Co. VIII also bid
The Stuts bid was low AZ the first
bidding. but litigation was Brought
and a decision rendered by Judge
Mitchell GILLIAN 20 the effect tina,
tho lowest bid In dollars Is not the
lowest or best bid. but the reverse
might be the case. Tho bids were
finally rejected.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05

tho bonds were before tho voters.
The failure " either OF ;.;ose vs..
sues 20 carry would be Vcsy regret.
g BE. In rhi case Of Tie Spokane
owe. bridge. Ills structure IL far
al;ng towaid completion on money
borrowed from otIer funds. which
must be repaid f,om the proc ,rd !
Of tho bond isne for that bt,ise
To Jeopardi1n the .sie OF either Ok
ilcsc issues tile last thnS The
city council should do, yc. un.
Occasionally 10th Issues wone be
jeopnrdized Wy the submissi,n OF
an additional issue OF sT5O.0Oo
II believe Tho people expect tho
city council TO guide them in such
matters aud 10 refrain from sub
mlitlns bond issues wherc the city's
urgent needs would DO seriously
prcJudiced by the approval OF sucil
bonds thru lack OF detailed infor.
nation on tho part OF The voters :"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
ART PUPILS
SEE PICTURE

One hundred aud fifty pupils OF
tho Cornish school attended the
presentation OF THE Hunchhack
OF Noire Dame" at the Heilig the
ater. Tuesday night. guests OF Miss
Nellie Cornish.
Marvellous. Tho most superb
piecc OF character acting ! have
ever seen on stage or screen" was
Miss cornish'H vrdlct after wit
Messing Lon chaney's portrayal OF
Quasimodo. the twisted bell-ringcr
in the Hugo classic.
The Cornish purity Is o:ze 81 Esv-
crni such affairs held at the Heillg
since the Universal attraction open
ed an IndefinIte enlargement there.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
SENIOR CLASS
GIVES COMEDY

The senior class OF Lincoln high
school give their annual class play in
the auditorium OF the school on Fri
day and Saturday evenings OF this
week. The play 10 be given is Adam
and Eva"
adam and Eva" the three.act
comedy. Is easily adapted TO high
school performances. full OF serio.
comic situations with Just enough
mystery TO make a well balanced
play.
Miss Taggnrt. who has successfully
coached many other plays. is Great
Ing an hil-star cast In which the
parts OF Adam and Eva will be taken
by Bruce Walker and Dorothy Morri.
son. The other members OF the east
are Florence Long. Amy Bubb.
Louise Dalton. Wallace Howe. Bob
Porter. Joe Thomas. Harry costain
and Kyle Milligan.
Scenery for the production is being
made by the stage force under the SUI
peryision of Mr.. Claus.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
YOU SHOULD WORRY
IF YOUR ST0MACH'S
BELOW YOUR HIPS!

pERKELEY, Cal. Dec. 6-ff
u your stomach Is anywhere
within three or four inches OF
your hip bone. don't worry. It's
all right
Dr. Il. o. Moody. associate
professor OF anatomy OF the Uni.
ycrsisy Of California. who has
Just surveyed az 10 location
soma 500 hard working Eiom.
aebA gives the assurance.
He has shown, Il was announ-
ced To-day. that 40 called fallen
stomacha' for which many pco-
pie take a nix weeks rest cure,
don't exist at all.
He has found. however. that
tall. slcnder people sometimes
wear their stomnchs rs much as
five inches below the hip bone:
while what he calls -moro ro-
tund types" carry theirs higher
ali o. which he is entirely nor
NAL.
''Stnmnchs may function cor
rectiy whether they are three
ineiies at5ss the hip bono or
five inches below T." Dr.. Moody
declared
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
TindaU Explains Stand
on Auditorium Measure
Says It's Poor Business to Vote Bonds I'm
der Present Conditions

Not only would the city be I'm a
~ ccarioua position without financial
reserves 10 meet any emergency
that might arise II tho s750.000 audi.
torium bond Issue IL voted. but tho
bond issues for tho Spokane 81. and
the Montiake bridges would be seri.
ously jeopardlgod. Councilman Phil
Tindail said Wednesday In announc.
Ing his opposition 10 the Cohen bill.
which comes before the council next
Monday.
Tlndall explained his stand against
the auditorium bond Issue ns foi.
lowa:
MY opposition TO submitting the
auditorium bonds is due. not to any
disbelief IN the need OF an nudltorl.
UNI. hut solely 10 tho belief that By
practically exhnus,ing It's borrowing
power. which the proposed bond H..
Huc would do. the city would be rem.
dcred incapable Of financing mum.
Der OF works OF pressing necessity
now anticipated. not To mention
such emergency matters az are like.
ly 10 arise. tho not now foroscen.
THE recent Issue OF 5000. 900 for
works OF extreme Importance left
MS margin OF tsi7.00 or this sum
II Is proposed TO spend $4,000 for
the auditorium. leaving only se7. 600
for future needs.
'.our engineers tell MS that the
temporary wooden approaches TO
The Ballard and University bridges
must soon be replaced with pcrrna.
nent steel nm concrete approaches.
at cost OF $4,000. They also cali
attention 90 the urgent need for
ono or moro new bridges. 4 bridge
from stone way 20 weatlake Is prob.
ably too expensive for the present.
but o much less costly ono from
wnlilugford ave. 20 Fairview ave.
would cost $4,000. while ono a,
Third ave. w. would cost $500. 600.
These figures total $4,000. 900
which We can fercsec. what bnal.
ness man with such needs in sight
would draw down his credit TO
$4,000 except for the most urgent
me- essiiiesG Our present margin
OF $4,000 Is none TOO great.
Moreover. Il IL ilkely the spa.
kane ave and Monilake bridge
kinds Will ba rcsubmitted on &C.
count OF a state law passed while
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05


reRlIze the amount Of suffering
there H., especially among old people,
from kidney disease. dropsy aud
poor circulation, high blood pres
sure, etc. etc.
am not bit keen on publicity.
\ only give this Endorsement for the
rood n may do other sufferers.
hive never thought OF giving let
Ter Of testimonial before. but
feel n my duty 20 do 80. ! had
oil Of the nbove-mentioned con-
dItions, and. added 20 the above,
bnd n considerable deposit OF nlbu-
men In my urine. Ny blood pressure
,,ns extremely md dangerously high
-a2O-nnd my head felt terrible nli
NJ tbe time. N H. now down 20 100.
n urrfectIy normnl blood pressure
and what u Erent relief ~ H.. Aud
fbe nIbumen has all dIsnpprnredi
The dropsy has also completely dis
nppeared. My limbs were more than
twice normal size clear up above
nv knees with dropsy-n deep dent
from pressure OF finger remained
for hours.
Whnt relief 20 know these condI-
tions Of disability have NIL LEFT mel
was so depressed, for thought
.urefv I y,ouId never be well nEnin.
Now Z feel nItogctheT different
yromnn. Ny daughters are SO piensed
nj my recovery. and results cnnc so
ouIcLfy nfter bcRnn the Bake oven
t-esfr1enfs and correct entinE, L
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
FOUR FINED;
ESCAPE TERN

Fines featured the sentences Of
four persons who pleaded guilty TO
violations OF tho national prohl.
billion act before Federal Judge
Jeremiah Neterer Wednesday. None
received jail sentences. Harry Miles
was fined $3.50; II. Okla. 5000. and
Frank Gait and Charles Ladonne
were given 5000 each. The charge
against Amy Klmoto. co-defendant
with Okla. was dismissed upon mo.
ton Of the government.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
DEPUTY HEAD
OF COMMITTEE
viii 0fficiate at Christmas
Charity Ball

Deputy Sheriff Moe weisfeld.
right.hand man TO Sheriff Matt
starwicb. has been named to head
the floor committee for the charity
ball, slated for the Eagles auditor.
ium, Seventh ave. and Union st.,
for the evening OF December II.
Receipts from the dance VIII be
turned into Christmas charity
fund.
Other members OF the floor COM
mittce are: Moe WcIsfeid, Crawford
T.. white. Malcolm i. Andruss.
James r.. Boldt, Lieut.. A. J. I4e-
Cain, Truckman T.. A. Nelson.
Lieut.. @. II. comstock. LIEUT.. J. II.
Thomas. Mai. Wilmer u. Brinton,
Ernest yorris. Capt. j.. ]. Brown,
William Short, Senator w. ". Con-
ncr. II. J.. s. Miller. Or. Geo. r.
Marshall. J. Il. Drummey, Walter
Alexander. Bert Butterworth
George Bouchaert, Henry Bittman.
DIR. Carl Hoffman. David Miller
Or. Eugene Hurd. Lieut.. Harry y.
Boronson. Albert Imhoff. Bert l..
Swezea. Lieut.. Col. Bert Ross. Mai
Paul Edwards. chas. Il. Sullivan,
Prof. T. II. j. Ryan.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
|H|LL PROTECT
| STATE FLOWER
Lands Will
Be PatroIled

An organized and determined cam
gu to protect tho rhododendron.
sshingtons state flower. said to
enc OF the most beautiful wild
ztrs n the entire world. has
= launched.
organization 70 DO known as
Committee for tho Preservation
Es Rhododendron was formed at
zsting at the Chamber Of Com.
b Tuesday. Harry W. Ruthe..
state park supt.. was elected
|zansn, chairman; Herbert with
eeon. vice president OF the Ma
,t City bank, vice chairman. and
stsrt Evison, secretary OF the
ahingion Natural Parks Associa.
Is secretary.
n committee viii conduct a pub
q campaign and In addition viii
n owners OF land where the
HHs flourish. TO post them pro-
Ping picking. Signs will le fur.
I'D b. the Automobile Club OF
nAington- The state parks asso-
1a VII assist in patroiing the
I'd rhcdodendrou areas.
R Washington state Federation
souen's Clubs. the Automobile
. q Washington. the washing.
Natural Parks Association. the
e sportsmen's Association, the
is;'sineers. the Seattle Federation
Femsn's Clubs. the State Parks
1Hai;se, the Chambers Of Com.
~ q Seattle and Tacoma, the
az Beach womcn's Club. the
~ Park Department. and the
-2A Public Schools science De.
7 have thus far affiliated
= The committee.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
WANT TO CUT
| INCOME TAX?

.loa contributed 10 the Ameri.
=. niitee for Relief Of German
-.n WI be deducted on income
s.s'ns according TO information
80 Wednesday from national
II. -.''sFs By William PIgott,
,ssairman. Donations will be
'd az tho paid directly 10
ens'iean Friends Service com.
- aaa rill come under the char.
/ ,'aoseri7tion clause Of the law.
-, !. EDDY has completed the or.
Ila..ola Of relief committees In
h .. Everett and Mount Yer.
T.. =. organized the work in Ia.
L.. .aay in cooperation with
z =. v Fawcett OF Tacoma.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
Tardy Victim
of World War

GERMAN poison gas, after
" Approximately seven years.
got In It's deadly work, and
George Christie. 80. former Of
flcer in tho Canadian Expcdi.
tlonary Forces. and the eist d.
vision. Y. s. army. was Tuesday
found dead in his room at '9o5
jefferson ST.. tardy victim Of
the world war.
Christie. n member OF the
Rainier Noble post. American
Legion. here. Is survived by his
parents In Victoria. Is. c.. and a
brother. Keith Christie, serving
aboard an Admiral line vessel on
this coast. The body was taken
TO the Buttcrworth mortuary
pending funeral arrangements.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
~" DeMOLAY
PLANS DANCE

Announced by clever and uniquely
constructed invitation cards Ia pur.
pie and gold. the Washington chap.
ter, Order OF peMolay. win play
host TO 200 couples at the Masonic
temple. Friday evening. December I.
The event Is In the nature or an
athletic Informal. Football men are
20 be guests OF tho young mems
lodge. Dancing will start at sac.
Tho lnvitation.annonnccments arc
gotten up in tho form OF portion
OF 4 newspaper story. reproduced In
gold lettering. on the purple strips
OF hc'lyy paper. Tickets may be Sc
cured from Jack Hohenberg by call
Ing East 49ss.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
Portland Driver
Is Freed by jury

PORTLAND, Ore. Dec. John
GlebeIhouse. driver Of the truck that
ran over 7.year-old Bruce Hartman.
causing the boys death, is absolved
from blame today.
Testimony Of witnesses before a
.coroner's jury Tuesday night was so
contradictory that the jury did not
find any ground for charge Of man.
slaughter against Giebeihouse.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
Professor to Talk
on Volcanic Action

Professor T.. J. Saunders. Univcr-
sity OF Washington. VIII deliver a
lecture on 'sThe Causes and Effects
OF Volcanic Action" Thursday eveE-
ing. at o'clock. in the Labor tenn.
pie, Sixth and University. Professor
Saunders was present when Mount
Vcsuyius erupted and took pictures
on the occasion. The lecture viii
be Illustrated with stercopticon
slides, and Is free 10 the public.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
Portland Gas War
Ends; Price 18 Cents

PORTLAND. Ore. Dec. 5.-The
ten days gasoline war" here is over.
and today gas prices VIII Jump 10 10
cents gallon. At meeting Tues.
day night OF rs owners OF indepen,
dent garages and filling stations. the
Retail Gasoline Sellers association
was formed, and the elimination of
price cutting decided upon.
A resolution was adopted TO main.
tain the price OF gasoline at level
which will return the retailer profit
OF cents n gallon.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
REV. LANDEN
COUNCIL HEAD

The Rev. g. A. Ianden. d. D.. IL
the new president OF the Western
Washington Homo Missions Council.
succeeding tho late Or. Ben n.
Mitchell. Il WINS announced wednos.
day Ianden was elected Tuesday.
Other officers elected wers Rev. W.
Il. Sawhill. d. -. vice president. and
Rev. II. I. chnttcrton. secretary.
treasurer
The meeting was heid ia the office
OF Rev. Or. J. r. Watson. executive
secretary Of the Western Washington
Baptist convention.
Rev. r. T.. Carter. who IL 10 sue.
coed Rev. Robert +. Pretlow an pas.
tor OF tho Friends Memorial church.
wan introduced and made q member
OF tho council. as was also Rev. An.
drew Warner. d. D.. who has suc.
cccded Rev. r. VI. Hill as supcrin.
tendent OF Methodist churches in tho
Vancouver district.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-12-05
nr Resigns Chairman of City Charter Revision Committee
Joker Found in
Prohibition Law

TAKING advantage OF tho fact
= that tho national prohibition
act does not prohibit tho manu-.
faoturo or possession OF hard
elder. and provides penalty
only for its sale, Attorney Walter
Matzenhaum. representing Rim.
taro Condo and NJ. TnlsahashI.
asked for and received a directed
verdict OF not guilty at tho handn
OF Federal Judge jeremiah Ne.
terror Tuesday, Tho men were
arrested by dry agents In their
soft drink parlor az ISL Day q, !.
whore several barrels OF cider
with a kick" were found. No
evidence TO show that the defend.
ants had sold any or the hcver.
age was introduced By the Off.
GERS