davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1923-03-01
ENTRY TO WORLD
COURT is URGED
HARDING ASKS U. S. TO JOIN
WORLD COURT OF
JUSTICE.
MESSAGE IS SURPRISE
RESERVATIONS WOULD BAR
----
RESERVATIONS WOULD BAR
AMERICA FROM ALLIANCE
WITH LEAGUE.

MISREPRESENTATION American
set up by the League of Nations was
proposed by President Harding.
In IA message to the Senate, asking
that 1t advise and consent to such Il
step, the President declared participa-
ton in the tribunal offered an oppor-
tunity through which the United
States could demonstrate its willing
ness to aid in preserving world stabil-
ity without in any manner assuming
ANY legal relation to the league"
Four reservations, the first of
which would specifically disclaim any
obligations under the league, were sug-
gested by Mr.. Harding as necessary
conditions to membership in the court.
The others would give this government
a voice in selecting the judges of the
court and in making changes in its
basic regulations and would provide
that Congress determine what part of
the expenses OF the tribunal are to be
paid out of the American treasury.
A letter by Secretary Hughes ac-
companying the message was not read
TO the Senate, no copies were distrib-
uted, and senators had no opportunity
of learning his views except from the
newspapers.
"The COURT Secretary Hughes
wrote, sis an establishment separate
from the league, having a distinct le-
gal status. 1t is organized N acts in
accordance with judicial standards,
and its decisions are not controlled or
subject TO review by the League Of
Nations"
Secretary Hughes declared that
membership in the court would not re-
quire acceptance of the tribunals jur-
isdiction in any case not voluntarily
submitted to it. Hence, he said. the
United States would not be required
that there should be a special agree
ment for the submission of "A particu-
lar controversy TO arbltral decision"
The process of entering the court
without going into the league could be
accomplished, the President and Sec
rotary Hughes suggested, by simply
becoming Il party to the protocol
signed by the league members in De-
cember, 1920. formally putting the
court plan into effect. Whether the
other signatories to the protocol would
agree to adherence by the United
States with the reservations proposed
did not appear in the communications
placed before the Senate, but 1t was
assumed that the administration had
advised itself on that question before
formally asking for Senate approval.
Although there had been intimations
that American participation in the
court was favored in administration
quarters, the Presidents message
came as n complete surprise to SEN
ators generally, and all indications
pointed to IA delay in Senate action
on the recommendation until the ses-
sion of Congress which meets in De-
cember.
, 1923-03-01
JewsIry saIssmsn Robbed o. sioo.oOo.

Chicago.-Henry Hart n New York
Jeweiry salesman, WIS robbed Of I'M
set diamonds which he valued ut 800.
600 by we armed men in an elevator
In n downtown building. The robbers
threw Eugene WHISKY. the elevator op-
orator, from the rage Mt the sixth
floor. he told the police, and with Hart
n prisoner, mounted several floors
higher In the building. They stopped
the elevator and, menacing him with
their r~evolvers, took his sntchel Of
diamonds.
, 1923-03-01

San Diego, Callf-Belief that Col.
Francis Marshall and Lieut.. Charles
Weber of Denver, missing since Dec.
Z last, crashed in their airplnne In the
desert wastes southeast of the Grow.
Ter mountains In Arizona and that
their bodies and the plane were buried
by the shifting sands, was expressed
by the searching party headed by Maj.
Theodore Mncauley. The party hns re-
turned 10 Rockwell field after a long
search. The members have gone over
a large stretch of territory In northern
Sonora and southwestern Arizonn.
, 1923-03-01
volIva ouIlty Of criminal LIbeI.

~Chlcago.-wilbur Glenn voliva was
found guilty by "A jury here ON "A
charge Of criminal libel. The action
was brought by the Rev. Thomas Nell
son, pastor OF an independent" church
in Zion city. He charged yolivn pub
lished II pamphlet, In which the yer
seer referred to him as II "blather-
nkite,'' tom fool" and billy goat"
A. V. Smith, states attorney. prose-
cutting the case. argued that voliva's
action was an attempt to limit rellg-
ious liberty.
, 1923-03-01
chess and Music Mixed.

Sir Walter parrntt, who Is about 10
complete his fdrtleth year us orgnnls'
ut st. Georges chapel. Windsor, is an
enthusiastic chess player. On n DC
caslon he undertook to play two mer
Tin co%nsultntion) without looking NJ
the board. while he himself played g
number of pI%nnoforte selections. The
game lnsied an hour and Sir Waltel
won handsomely.
, 1923-03-01
WASHINGTON

The Supreme Court held that a high
caste Hindu is not a free white per-
son." within the meaning Of the natur-
alization law, and therefore Is not en-
titled to citizenship.
The British debt funding arrange
ment is one step nearer completion,
congressional approval of the act rati-
flying the recently negotiated settle
ment with Great Britain having been
completed.
Passenger fares to and from points
in Arizona, Nevada and New Mexico
on the principal lines traverslng these
states are unduly high and preJudlced
to the extent that they expected SINH
lar fares to and from points in other
states, a report submitted to the Inter
state Commerce Commission by Henry
c.. Keene, one Of its examiners, de-
clared.
A universal calamity" resulting
from a worldwide shortage of textile
fabrics is threatened by the rapid
spread OF the boil weevil in the south
ern cotton fields, President Harding
declared recently.
The nomination of Senator Poindex-
ter, Republican. Washington, to be IN
bassador to Peru, was sent by Presi-
dent Harding to the Senate, which
quickly confirmed 1t by unanimous
vote in open session.
Associate Justice Edward L. Sanford
of Tennessee took the judicial ontn
Upon the r%econvenlng Of the Supreme
Court after u three weeks recess.
Chief Justice Taft administered the
oath Immediately after the court met,
the new justice wearing his judicial
robes, repeating 1t after him while the
court, bar and audience stood.
The controversy over the Ku Klux
Khan was brought into the United
States Senate with the filing of pro-
ceedings contesting the right of Earle
b. Mayfield TO become n senator from
Texas The contest was brought by
George Il. b. Peddy, Republican and
'independent Democratic" candidate
for senator In the election last Novem-
Der.
Mrs. John A. Logan. widow OF the
general who at N time during the
Civil war commanded the Union army
OF the Tennessee and later was a
United States senator from Illinois,
died In Washington of Influenza after
n ten days illness. She was 81 years
old.
The bill of Senator McNary. Repub-
licnn, Oregon, providing for govern
ment advances OF $1,06o.0 600 to the city
OF Astoria, Ore. TO replace municipal
| improvements lost In the recent fire,
was reported favorably by the Senate
| finance committee.
, 1923-03-01
THE WORLD IN
PARACR RAP HIS
a BRIEF RECORD OF PASSING
EVENTS IN THIS AND FOR
EIGN COUNTRIES.
IN LATE DISPATCHES
DoINes AND HAPPENINGS TAT
MARK THE PROGRESS
OF THE AGE.
WESTERN

one hundred Los Angeles business
men faced death as the yacht Lloise,
out of fuel, was tossed about helpless
ly in a storm 100 miles out ut sea.
Governor Moore of Idaho vetoed the
statewide direct primary bill. for the
passage of which Senator William Il.
Borah made IA spectacular campaign
last fall.
George w. West and his mechanic
Shy Thomas, were injured seriously,
perhaps fatally, in the second lap of
the first 25-mile race Mt the state
fair grounds at Phoenix, Ariz., when
over several times.
Mucking crews which have been
working In the ruins of Dawson mine
No. 1 of the Phelps-Dodge Corpora
ton at Dawson, New Mex, demol-
ished In a Goa dust explosion Feb. 8
have found the body of the last of the
120 miners who were killed when the
blast occurred.
After II two-day session in Chicago
devoted principally to discussion of II
1929 schedule, owners of the Western
League adjourned without accepting
one. Two schedules were submitted,
but neither proved satisfactory TO II
majority of the members, who nd
journed to meet in Kansas City on
March 8 to further consider the mat
ter.
Wage schedules for skilled building
trades in Spokane will be increased
from so cents to $1.OO a day, effective
April l, according to announcements
by officials of the unions concerned.
Lathers and painters will receive IN
Increase of so cents a day and hod-
carriers, plasterers, carpenters, brick
layers and plumbers will each receive
a $1-a-day increase, according to the
union officials.
Word that the United States army
air service will make a systematic at
tempt this year to break every worlds
record not already held by an Amer
can aviator was received In San Diego
from Washington. Orders for special
training of airmen have beer pre-
pared. The War Department has sent
word that there now Is in building a
plane which Is expected to eclipse by
more than forty miles a N hour the
fastest time ever made over a meas
ured course.
, 1923-03-01
Turks Reject Peace Treaty.

London.-The Turkish papers in
Constantinople publish dispatches from
Angora announcing that n majority in
the grand national assembly, support
ed by the military. demand the rejec-
ton of the Lausanne peace treaty.
, 1923-03-01
LATE NEWS
From All OUer
w O MING

exceed $500 per ina
Fire in the basement of the Agricul-
tural building at the state fair grounds
ut Douglas resulted in considerable
damage to the whole north end of the
building.
The Platte County State bank of
Wheatland has beef closed by order
of State Examiner HUE. No official
statement regarding the condition of
the bank has been issued.
There will be no more manufacture
of carbon black in Wyoming in the
next biennium than there is today. By
IL vote of 81 to 3 the State Senate
killed the bill liberalizing the terms of
the present act.
About 5000 head of sheep belong
ing to Felix Atkinson of Rock River.
and being fed at the Bush ranch,
south of Rock River, drifted away in
them were found.
Il. C. Madigan, cook in a Salt Creek
restaurant, is being held at Casper on
advices from Chickasha, Okla, hat he
is wanted in connection with a murder
case. Madigan denies being lmplicat-
ed in any such crime and declares he
knows of none in which he might be
wanted as a witness.
Although tuberculosis has been cut
in half in the nation, 1t is increasing
in Wyoming, according to statistics
gathered by the Wyoming Public
Health Association. Records from the
Wyoming State Board of Health show
that there were 81 cases in 1920, 10
cases in 1921, and 81 cases in 1922.
Elias and Juan Archuleta, Mexican
brothers suspected of the murder of
Antonio d'vargas, New Mexico state
representative, on July II, 1914. were
released from custody at Casper after
Sheriff David Struck of Taos county,
n. NJ, admitted at the end of a two
day investigation that they were not
the men wanted.
The famous school section in the
Salt Creek field-the most valuable
tract of its kind in the country-is to
be placed on sale ON March 3, ccord
ing to announcement by the Wyoming
State Land Board. Bids are to be
| OBCAtu vi lhhl Ia loi u 1NtsCdA
lease of the tract from and after Oct.
1, 1924. The lease is now held by the
Midwest Refining Company.
]. X. Williams of the United States
Department of Agriculture has been
visiting Laramie recently, for the pur-
pose of studying the ACCESSIBILITY of
moving the government horse breed
ing station from Buffalo. wyo. to the
university stock farm here. No Off
cial action has beer taken as yet, but
the Indications seem now that the
change will be made.
w. G. Sherr, capitalist of Upland,
Calf. recently visited in Greybull, In
speeding the immense deposits of ben
tonite in hat vicinity with the view of
aiding in the development of various
by-products, which has been undertake
en- by a Greybull company. The ex-
tensive deposits of the mineral have
been pronounced by government chem
lists to be of the very best grade.
appointment of Representative Mon
dell of Wyoming, Republican leader In
the House, who retlres March 4, to sue
coed Secretary Fall of the Interior
Department, was urged on President
Harding by II delegation of eighteen
representatives from thirteen western
states. Representatives Sinnot of Ore
gon, and Dickinson of Iowa, acted as
spokesman for the group. which went
to the White House after reports had
gained circulation at the capitol that
the President might decide not to
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31

wordcd ultimatum before knowing def
initely whether the brigands who muir
dcred the Italian officers were actual
~ Greek citizens or not. This impor-
tant detail is emphasized by the Greek
note today.
THE assassins were probably Al
bantam brigands," Greek officials as
sert.
What will happen If Italy persists
in her demand is hard to imagine.
The natural conclusion is war with
hostilties largely naval.
The Italian fleet is much stronger
than the Greek fleet.
Reports from Madrid this morning
say that the Spanish newspapers are
talking about n rapprochement be-
tween Spain and Italy to limit the
Mediterranean ambitions Of France.
II trouble is averted it will come
about through British pressure on
Greece and French pressure on Italy.
Both big entente powers are anxious
to gain the support of Italy in refer
ence to the Ruhr reparations ques-
tiOns
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31

including Francisco Villa, goE an,
Pablo Gonzales.
Huerta fled the country in July, 1014
and Carranza, entering Mexico City
assumed the executive power.
Although factional di ,nces a
, once developed, after varying fortunes
Carranza was given de facto recogni
ton after he had been cleo d presi
dent for four years under the consti
tuition framed by a constituent Assem-.
bly, in 1917.
The refusal of Villa to support Car
rama because of the latter's failuit 10
hold an immediate constitutional elec-
ton resulted in state Of guerilla war
fare in Northern Mexico a ipanied
by serious consequences on the Ameri-
can side of the border.
The raid on Columbus. y. NJ. by
Villa was followed by a national guard
mobilization and the dispatch into
Mexico of the expedition headed by
General Pershing in what proved to be
fruitless search for Villa.
Governors in Revolt.
The condition in the north was fin
ally accentuated in the spring Of 1870
by a revolt of governors n ,aded By
Adolpho de Ia Huerta in - nora, who
objected 10 4 plan to the arrest of
General Oregon after the latter had
announced his candidacy for the prcsi-
dency in opposition TO Ignacio Bonil-
las. favored by Carranza as his sue
ceSSOr.
The movement developed such pro-
portions that Carranza fled the capt.
tai and sought refuge in the mountains
of Hidalgo where he was slain by In
dian soldiers.
De In Huerta was proclaimed pro-
visonal president and confirmed in
office by congress, which then con-
voked an election.
As a result General Oregon was
elected for a four-year term and as
sumed office December 1. 1920.
He established a military command
of the situation regarded here. as sat
isfactory. and irritations for the
United States greatly diminished.
Many nations recognized Huerta,-
and several. including number in
Latin-America. have .ccognized Obre-
gon. Others. however. notably Great
Britain. preferred to await action by
the United States.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31

| Mexican government and that OF the
United States. This means that the
efforts being made by our respective
organizations to effect n closer friend
ship between the two countries will
have a NV and powerful support TO
become a real success.
&C. b. Yandell, general manager ;
Claude V. Birkhead. president"
Mayor Tobin's proclamation fol-
lows:
Whereas. the spirit of the people Of
San Antonio recognizing the friend
ship that has always existed with the
people of Mexico and that has never
been interrupted. are gratified beyond
expression at the recognition of the
Republic of Mexico by our govern
ment:
Therefore. /. John W. Tobin
mayor of San Antonio by virtue of the
authority vested in me as such. do
hereby declare and set apart Satur-
day, September 1. as holiday. and n
day of utilization. in celebration of
the recognition of the Republic Of
Mexico by the United States. and the
resumption of official and diplomatic
relations Herewith.
In this connection it is hereby re
quested that the citizens of San An
tonic assemble mt San Pedro Springs.
at the hour of p. IN. for the purpose
of participating in program in celc-
bration of this event. long urged by
the people of San Antonio. and now
made possible by the official action
of the United States government"
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31
ANXIETY M FRANCE
Results Of Greck-Italian Differences
Feared.
by the Associated Press.

| fariS, Aug. 31.-Anxiety prevailed
in French official and foreign diplo-
matte circles in Paris over the differ
ences between Italy and Greece arts
ing from the Staying Of an Italian Of
fetal mission while on Greek SOIL
The Greek reply to Premier Musso-
mrs ultlmatum is so far from satisfy
ing the Italian demand that there is
serious question as TO how Mussolini
can accept without sacrificing prestige
at home.
The Italian diplomatic representa-
tiyes have informed the European
chancellories that their government re-
CARDS the present conflict as a purely
ltalo-Greek affair and that although
the victims were members of a com
mission acting under the authority of
the inter-allied council of ambassadors
they were Italians, wearing the uni
form of the Italian army: hence the
action by Italy was justified to MAN.
tain respect for her nationals in uni
form.
The similarity of tone between the
semi-official declarations and press
comment now emanating from Rome
with the declarations and comment
that came from Vienna and Berlin be-
fore the outbreak of war in 1914 is
remarked upon in some quarters wherc
hope is expressed that Italy will mod
crate her tone, or at least will abide
by the covenant of the League Of Ma
tons which requires her not to take
hostile action until three months after
the council of the league has had time
to investigate.
A dozen Italian carabineers without
arms and in civilian clothes landed at
Tangier Yesterday for the announced
purpose of protecting Italian residents
there.
1t is explained in official circles
that under the Tangier regime. the
protection Of all foreigners is assured
by two companies of the suItan's
troops. one of which is commanded by
French and the other by Spanish Of
ficers.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31
MUST DIE ON GALLONS
Sentenced Man Confesses Killed
Two Deputy Sheriffs.

Franklinton.' La, Aug. 3f.-Johr
Murphy. convicted of tn. Staying Of
Wesley Grain and Wiley Pierce. Wash
ington parish deputy sheriffs. who
were shot to death after raiding 0
liquor still said TO have been operated
by Murphy last spring. will be hanged
in the Franklinton Jail this afternoon
The execution is scheduled to take
place between noon and 3 o'clock.
Murphy before his trial is alleged to
have confessed TO the killing.
The bodies of the two officers were
located three days later when Murphy
and Gideon Roster. who was convicted
with Murphy and sentenced TO life i'm
prisonment, accompanied sheriff's
posse TO the scene Of the killing and
pointed out where the bodies were
buried.
Three other men pleaded guilty to a
charge of being accessories after the
fact and were sentenced to ten years
Imprisonment.
The execution of Murphy will be the
first legal hanging in the parish in 70
years.
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31

Continued from page one
army on the border to guarantee neu-
trality and protect American interests
Thereafter, extra troops were sta,
toned there in greater or less force
until 1919. by which time the general
situation had eased considerably.
Because of sporadic revolutionary
movements which arose ALMOST imme-
diately upon MaderO's entrance into
Mexico City and election to the presi-
dency. a definition of American policy
in the matter OF recognition did not de-
velop until the early part of President
Wilson's first term.
BY this time Madero had resigned
been imprisoned and assassinated. and
his chief military officer. General
Huerta. who had gone over TO the rev..
olutionists. had assumed the presi-
dency.
President Wilson demanded as a
condition of recognition a real election
under due constitutional authority.
with the elimination of Huerta as
candidate.
This was refused. and President
Wilson announced his historic policy
of "watchful waiting
Disagreement with this policy re-
suited in the recall of Henry Lane
Wilson, who had been appointed am
bassador to Mexico by President Taft
and President Wilson resorted to the
use of personal agents in seeking n
solution of the difficulties. but these
missions resulted in few tangible de-
velopments.
Mexicans Seized Marines.
1t was during the HCerta regime
that American Marines in 1914 were
seized at Tampico by n Mexican army
officer. and although released with an
apology, a salute to t-e flag was de-
manded by Rear Admiral Mayo.
1t was refused. ard President VIII
son ordered the American naval forces
to seize Vera Cruz in order TO prevent
the landing of cargo Of arms by the
German steamer Ypiranga.
The order had been carried out and
war seemed imminent when the SER
vices of Argentina. Brazil and Chile
were accepted as mediatorS.
y COnIeIeHce was HViu AZ -'idsnia
Falls. y. Y. but was without much
practical effect because of the rapidly
changing situation in Mexico.
Huerta's power was rapidly disinte-
grating as a result of the attituI, Of
the United States and military vic
tories of the Constitutional in the
north headed by General Carranza,
then governor of COahuila.
Carranza had proclaimed himself in
a state of revolt and had been joined
BY several of Madero's former generals,
San Antonio light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1911-1993, 1923-08-31
PAN-EUROPEAN AFFAIR
League Of Nations Expected to Arbi-
trate Matter.
BY WILLIAM Il. NASH.
Special Gable to The San Antonio Light
and the Chicago Daily News.
Copyright 1928


Paris, Aug. 31.-With the dispatch
of protest note by the council of
ambassadors TO Athens and the refusal
of the Greek government TO accept the
"too humiliating" demands presented
Thursday in the form of an ultimatum
by Premier Mussolini. the Italo-Greek
imbroglio becomes a pan-European af-
fair. stt
Some observers compare it with the
Sarajevo murder.
If the Italian fleet moves into Greek
waters division of the Mediterranean
fleet Stationed at Malta may feel con-
strained TO follow suit, according to
the Echo de Paris. This newspaper
continues:
This may be the moment for Great
Britain TO repay her ally. Greece. for
services rendered during the Anatolran
wars"
Arbitration by the League of Ma
tions seems TO be regarded favorably
here. Both France and Great Britain
evidently are inclined to believe that
Mussolini acted more like Fascist
dictator than like premier of o great
nation in sending such n vigorously