davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-11-05
The New York Elections.

Tomorrow the voters of New York
will go to the polls to choose ten JUS
tices Of the supreme court and the
lower house of the legislature. AS
usual, the managers of both parties
are making extravagant prophecies of
victory. but conservative observers on
the scene descry elements in the con.
of scratched" ticket, rendering un-
safe a fiat prediction.
The fight for the assembly has been
led by Gov. Alfred E. Smith, who has
toured the state invoking support for
the election of a democratic assembly
on the plea that a democratic legis-
lature will enable him to secure GER
tain legislation which he claims to be
for the good Of the whole people. The
republican retort to this has been that
experience has proved the wisdom of
the lower house being held by the
minority, exercising wise restraint
over the majority. The republicans,
furthermore, have charged that Tam
many is intent upon controlling the
whole legislature for the benefit, in
the main, Of the Hail."
A number of assembly districts,
normally republican, are alleged to
have been captured last year by the
democrats on the wet policy Of the
democrats and the position Of Candi-
date Smith. In this campaign the wet
and dry question has not figured, and
the republicans are reported as being
hopeful of regaining their lost terri
tory.
The fight on the judicial tickets has
been characterized by an absence Of
party interest among the voters, indi-
eating the probability of the electorate
choosing the judges on personal quail
fications and preference. Racial groups
are reported as playing conspicuous
part in the battle. Five Of the repub-
lican-independent candidates and three
of Tammany's are expected to appeal
to the Jewish voters. Others will be
supported by the Irish, Italians and
Germans. Mr.. Hearst has been fight
ing the Tammany judicial ticket in
his newspapers, adding spice to the
campaign.
Evening star., 1923-11-05
Relates Old Tradition
Of John of the Cabin

To the Editor Of The Star:
Your editorial in last Sundays is
sue gives countenance to the err
roneous idea that the John Of the
Cabin" SO familiar to all Washing.
tonians. their neighbors and visitors.
was Captain" John. Against this
stands, with the voucher of venerable
acQuiescence, the tradition Of many
years.
This tradition, which have known
for quite half a century, is that In a
cabin on the farther bank of the run.
heretofore nameless. lived a certain
doughty parsonage at first known.
only as John and subsequently, as
Cabin John, otherwise John Of the
Cabin. have never heard hfs las
name. and never knew any one who
ever did. His renown for fearlessness
and readiness to resent any intrusion
upon his privacy alike. assured his
hermftllke existence and gave him
the reputation of one to be treated
with the prudent respect due to q de-,
termined denizen of solitude. AS al
ways IN such cases, many explana-
his fellow men have been ventured,
but the best of them Is that he
wished to be let alone and saw to It
tnat ne was. HlS CABIN and the run,
which came to be named for him. fire..
quently appear as monuments Of land
description in the records Of Mont-.
gomery county, Md, his name some
times being given as Captain" John,
but that was an ignorant perversion.
There was nothing in his condition,
life or history with which the title
Captain" could be associated, and
nothing in his character, unless 1t bs
stirring poem, "Invictus," he was D.
forest-hred "Captain of fhis) soul 'sf
HENRY E. DAVIS. r,
Evening star., 1923-11-05
Wants Library Course
Open to Colored Youth
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
I was pleased beyond measure to
read in your columns about the
splendid service OF the library school
maintained at the Public Library,
and the number Of candidates who
have received appointments at the in
stitution after completing the course
there. Certainly every form of edu-
cation should bs maintained by the
state. for 1t Is the wisest. hence tho
most just. Of governmental expendi:
lures. This library school is only
open to white students, and the ap-
pointments, forty in number, from It
to the library service are all from
this same favored group.
Our high and normal schools for
colored youth graduate moro students
ment, or additional training in this
city: Out Of a total of 110 pupils
graduating last June only forty have
any hope whatsver OF appointment
is about the only opportunity for high
grade work open to them. This year
there are more than 500 pupils in the
colered normal school, q larger num-
Der than are attending the white
number Of teachers for our system.
Do not the colored students need this
opportunity in, the Public Library far
more than the white? It Is certain
ly simple justice, for the library. is
maintained by every one Of the l00.-
900 people who make up our popula-
tion through eur system Of Indirect
and direct taxation. And then It ie
In keeping with enlightened practice.
ployed efficient colored assistants for
sixty years, where they have worked
with their white co-workers without
friction. and with mutual respect. The
denial Of educational and professional
opportunity for, their children they
are making many sAcrihces to edu-
cate. NEvAL n. THOMAS.
Evening star., 1923-11-05
Rate by Mail-Payable In Advance.
MARYLAND and VIRGINIA.
All Other States.
Member of the Associated Press.
The Traffic Inquiry.

With subcommittee of the Senate
District committee holding its first
hearing today on local traffic condi-
tions, and with every angle of this
important subject expected to be sub
jected to a searching inquiry, there
is decided feeling of optimism
throughout the city that the hearing
will produce tangible results.
This feeling, in part, is due to, the
fact that Washingtonians are hope
full that as the committee gets further
into conditions in the National Cap
ital it will be forced to realize that
one of the fundamental traffic weak
nesses of the city is its insufficient
police force.
Traffic laws, no matter how wisely
framed, are useless with an made
quate personnel Of enforcement Of
ficers. Washington, with it's COM
paratively few policemen. is blessed
with we'll trained men, but they can
not do the impossible.
Speeders are well aware of the
and generally "get by without being
seen; drivers who refuse to give
right of way to other vehicles proceed
with this dangerous practice, feeling
that there is nobody with authority
to stop them; ignorant operators drive
the wrong way on one-way streets, to
get there ''in hurry" sure that they
will not be apprehended by member
Of the police force.
This being the case-and it is the
speeding, regulating right of way, and
designating one-way streets? Of course
a few are caught; the small police de-
partment has made a fine record, con-
sidering it's size; but the many escape,
so that the law Is sometimes more use-
less than useful.
Washington has a we'll defined set
of traffic regulations. Taking them as
a whole, they are wisely enacted and
promote frictionless traffic, if carried
out by all motorists and pedestrians,
but the laws alone cannot do this
without the active cooperation Of the
police department.
These facts will undoubtedly be
brought home to the congressional
committee. Traffic conditions here can
probably be improved and modernized
to some extent, but the fundamental
Of all traffic problems" here as well
as elsewhere, is in the policemen to
enforce the regulations.
Evening star., 1923-11-05

the fight was ended had an average
Of 1866. 1t was then too late for any
further competition, and % the record
stands at Williams mark.
When, just prior to the st. Louis
meet. the ayiators were tuning up In
practice, several new records were set
at Mitchell Field. and 1t was predicted
then that the 250-mile point would
soon be passed, and q close approach
would be made to the 300-mile mark.
These latest performances Of Brow
and Williams strengthen this belief.
Their planes with which they made
yesterdays phenomenal speed marks
have peculiar wing quality designed
to lessen the wind resistance. The
question arises whether these present
planes are capable Of higher speed. It
has been often said that the speed
limit depends not so much on engine
power as on plane stability. OF course,
the skill of the pilot is the supreme
factor. He must know the plane per-
fectly, know what 1t can do, and,
moreover, have the flying sense to
enable him to take the utmost advan.
tage Of turns in circling route. AT.
ter all. however, these field flights are
not Of the greatest Importance, al
though they do serve admirably to de-.
velop plane possibilities. The real test
Of practical plane speed comes in city
to-city flying over long distances.
If the 300-mile rate is ever attained,
not only in field tests but In straight
away objective flying. the coasts will
be linked to a days run distance. prac-
tically a daylight run. From Atlantic
to Pacific between dawn and dusk be-
comes possibility.
Evening star., 1923-11-05
Tlogging.

Flogging continues to be prominent
In the news, and not often does q day
pass that the telegraph Goes not bring
a message Of a crime of This kind COM
mitted somewhere in this country.
From Tampa, Fla, and Dallas, Tex,
have come dispatches telling of men
taken from their homes at night by
mobs and fogged. From other places
news items of this kind have been
sent within a week, and no doubt they
will continue. A fiogging party car
ries with it the inference that the
community in which it lakes place is
lawless and below the present level Of
civilization. In those places where
the floggers are not caught and pun
ished by authorities charged with the
protection Of persons and property
the inference may be easily drawn
that the law officers in those communi-
ties are faithless or incompetent, and
that public opinion Is not enlightened
Flogging spells a backward and a
brutal state Of mind.
iOSSuS 10 REMINISCENT Oh aNOtner
period. 1t was long ago a popular
form Of legal punishment for many
violations Of law. 1t was practiced in
the Army and Navy. Soldiers were
publicly flogged for small infractions
Of discipline, and sailors in national
navies and in the merchant service
were flogged, and nc doubt often
beaten at the whim Of al ships master.
4, dren were fogged by school teach
ers. and it was permitted that private
tutors should fog their pupils Slaves
were fiogged by order of their masters.
Courts sentenced prisoners to be tied
to posts In public and dtreceive lashes
on the bare back.
Enlightened public sentiment de-
veloped against floggir!g. 1t may be
that fiogging is still rcered by courts
in some states and permitted in some
penal institutions, but the practice has
nearly passed away, and is believed
to be extinct in stat4s and towns
which live according to current ideals
Of American civilization, Not long ago
there was exposure of fidgging methods
In convict camps in Florida. and pub
lie conscience in mani states was
shocked. 3 rss
Evening star., 1923-11-05
The Best American Horse.

With the nations eyes set on the
race track at Latonia, KY, last Sat
urday there were only two names in
Other horses were running, to be
sure, one named In Memoriam and
the other Ralto. But they were not
seriously considered. To all intents
and purposes this great championship
stake race was a match between Zev
and My Own. Zev had been chosen
by a committee Of the New York
Jockey Club as the best American
horse to meet Papyrus. the best Eng
lish horse, the winner Of the Derby,
in a match race for the international
championship. My Own, with a most
creditable record for the season, was
regarded by many as entitled to at
least a chance to participate. Much
feeling had been manifested over the
manner in which Zev was selected.
The race at Latonia was arranged
after the big event in which the
American horse was an easy winner
as a means of determining whether,
in fact, the best American horse had
been nominated for the international
race.
Imagine the surprise caused Sat
urday afternoon by the announce
ment that flashed over the wire, I'm
Memorium wins!'' There was a big
turnover of cash on this result. In
cidentally, Zev proved to be far faster
than My Own. The Washington
horse, Loyalty favored for personal
and sentimental reasons by most
residents Of the Capital, was eight
lengths in the rear. The race was
run in a drizzling rain. The track
was slow. Perhaps that was the rea-
son for the complete upset of all
form possibly for My Owns poor
performance. But the result stands.
A new champion appears.
There is no comfort for the Britons
in this situation. Papyrus, the best
bit of British horsefiesh, comes here
and is decisively beaten by a horse
that is a short time later in turn
beaten by another American horse.
The question arises whether In Me.
moriam, if entered against Papyrus
in the international match, would not
have left the Derby winner trailing
even worse than did Zev.
Horses come and go. The day Of
glory Of the great racer may be a
short one. Sometimes a champion
lasts for several seasons. Again he
lasts for only few weeks. That is
why breeders and trainers and own
ers continue to devote themselves to
the task Of producing fastest possi-
BILE animals. And that is why horse
racing as sport, unsullied by the
gambling that has fastened upon it,
is truly the sport of kings.
Evening star., 1923-11-05
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN

@. How was the alley system OF
Washington started?-K. C.
A. After the civil war 1t was neces-
sary to house the great number of
soldiers left in Washington. The sys-
tenn OF city squares, with lanes VEIN
ing the center of each square between
the back yards. made 1t possible for
wooden barracks to be built in the
backyard space. When the soldiers
left the barracks were taken over by
thousands of negroes. who had come
to Washington to seek government
aid. AS domestic servants were in
demand many OF the negroes stayed.
Small houses soon replaced the bar
racks and the lanes became alleys.
O. Do animals see co1or?-A. G. L.
A. Scientists differ in their opinions
on this point. Experiments have been
performed with monkeys, chickens.
rabbits and rats. In some instances,
where the animals apparently re-
sponded more readily to one color
than to another, 1t was thought pos
sible that they were affected more
by the differences in the intensity Of
the colors than by the different colors.
Latest results indicate that animals
do not readily detect color differences.
Q. Were the streets of London
lighted by gas in the eighteenth GEN.
tury?-H. T.
A. The first exhibition of lighting
the streets by gas took place on the
k n VI
lights consisted of a row of lamps iE
front of the colonnade before Carle-
ton House, London.
Q. What are the three things which
are mentioned in "Dear Brutus' by
J. NJ. Barrie as the things which a
man can never recall?-H. c. D.
A. The three things are the spoken
word, the past life and the neglected
opportunity.
Q. Why are there six points on the
Jewish start. NJ. D.
A. The Jewish Welfare Board says
that according to Jewish tradition
the symbol on the Jewish flag was not
primarily star, but was double
triangle, the emblem borne on the
battle shield of King David and the
design of that monarch.
Q. How long can strained honey be
kept without spoiling?-E. S.
A. Extracted honey can be kept in
definitely If 1t has been fully ripened
before extracting, and IL it Is not ex-
posed to the moisture of the air. 1t
usually crystallizes in a few weeks or
months, but may be liquefied at any
time, and will retain its flavor and
consistency indefinitely.
Q. In what part of the country
are rattlesnakes found?-G. w.
A. The most common and well
known rattlesnakes are abundant in
the east, from the White mountains
In New Hampshire, and Lake Supe-
rior to the borders Of the dry plains.
The diamond rattler Is found mainly
in the southern states along the coast
from North Carolina to Texas. and a
variety ranges westward to Lower
California. Several other species oc-
cur in the Rocky mountain region and
northern Mexico. The ground rattler
is also found in southern states. and
the black rattler Is common in the
Allegheny mountains.
@. How many Red Cross members
are there in the United States?-I.
T. ].
A. At the last roll call there were
3.506.500 members enrolled.
Evening star., 1923-11-05
Tax Reduction in Congress
Viewed obviously by Editors

the soldier bonus" be injected there
can be no reduction the Williams
port Sun independently is convinced.
y + II i
The Providence Tribune independently
is convinced that the people demand a
reduction, and that the. almost unani-
nous national sentiment can be
denied by warning factions of legis-
lators seems far-fetched." Amplify-
ing this argument. the Detroit Free
Press Independent republican, feels
1.-The great mass Of the senators and
congressman of the United States knov
that tax reductions ought TO be made at
the earliest possible moment. and they
know pretty well how they ought to
be made. And, knowing what their
duty is, the members of Congress are
morally bound to perform it and per-
form 1t at once, without considering
anything except the right of the ma
tion to see the task undertaken and
completed" The past history of the
country. however, convinces the New
that ''the public habit Of viewing with
alarm the rise in government expen-
ditufes does not moderate its desire
for the added service that means
added governmental outlay and main
tenance of the heavy tax burdens
about which the people continually
complain" Although any excess
profits tax would be paid by con-
sumers in higher pxices for the goods
they bought" the Little Rock Ga
zette independent democratic) ad-
mits 1--WE realize perfectly well that
popular psychology makes difficulties
for \ sales tax proposal as against
1t. In the minds Of millions of peo-
Pile the sales tax brings a picture of
the consumer being mulcted for some
cents on every dollar he spends. The
excess profits tax brings a picture OF
a big corporation forced to disgorge
some of it's millions Of profits and
pay them into the governments cof-
fers."
Summing it all up. especially the
bonus agitation. the Syracuse Herald
independently insists "all promises OF
diminished federal tax burden
must be accepted with a protrusive
if In this connection another cues
tion arises-namely. whether Presi.
dent Coolidge will initiate the policy
Of his predecessors by vetoing the
bonus bill, which is almost certain
to reach his hands before the summer
or perhaps before mid-spring."
Evening star., 1923-11-05
IN TODAY'S SPOTLIGHT
BY PAUL y. COLLINS

powers. cooperating for all that is
good or beautiful, each in its own
manner; the English race in the
north: the Latin-Iberian in the south;
perhaps the Hindu.
I'VE teach. then, in Mexico. not only
patriotism of Mexico. but the patriot
ism of Latin America"
X X
The trade of Latin America is of
highest importance, and, groundless
as is the feeling which through race
sentiment" would build barriers
which ought never to exist. it is the
great task of Americans to show that
no such sentiments are found north
Of the Rio Grande.
In 1922 our exports to Latin Ameri-
ca amounted to $292,S00,077 and our
principal imports s4s0,52S.3S0. With
the exception of sugar. all of our
principal imports from Latin America
come in free of duty.
In 1913. the percentage of exports
from the United States, the United
Kingdom and France to Argentina were
as follows: United States, %; United
Kingdom, 60; France, Is. In 1922 the
|
States. 42.7; United Kingdom, 46.3, and
France, IL.
In 1913 the exports to Brazil were
as follows: United States, 26.3 per
cent; United Kingdom, SGT; France.
y. In 1922 they were: United States.
40.9; United Kingdom, 47.2, and France,
11.s. o'i'e'
Thus our trade with the two most
! important countries of South Ameri
ca nearly doubled in the last decade.
We ship finished products to
Latin America, and receive raw ma
terials. The commerce adds prosperi-
ty to our industries. Our European
commerce Is just the reverse, and is
largely IN competition with our home
industries. There Is the greatest field
in Latin America for the application
of Blaine's reciprocity as to tariffs,
since there are many more Soutb
American products which we might
receive, tariff free, in exchange of our
machinery and manufactured
Copyright, 1923. by Paul v. Collins)
Evening star., 1923-11-05
Nearing the 300-Mile Mark.

Two naval airmen, friendly rivals
for speed supremacy, had a smashing
tilt yesterday at Mitchell Field. in the
course Of which they alternately hung
up three new records. Lieut.. Williams,
who won the big trophy at st. Louis
last month, and whose record there
was beaten last week by Lieut.. Brow,
took the air to regain his laurels. He
got them, with fight that averaged
263.3 miles an hour. the highest ever
attained. Then Brow went up and
stepped on the gas. and turned in a
record Of 265.es. This 80 annoyed the
st. Louis victor that he once more put
his plane over the route. and when
Evening star., 1923-11-05

l.. Q. How long have gangs
French robbers been called "apaches !
A. The apaches of Paris were ~s
named by newspaper men about 1903,
Two men named Manda and Lecae
loved the same woman. who was
named Casque dor. She bestowed
her affections upon Manda, where
upon a quarrel arose between the two
men. Manda was shot and killed by
Lecat. The quarrel was taken UP by
Manda's friends and followers. Soon
two large bands were organized and
their quarrels became so violent that
the name apache" was given them.
@. Which is more important to the
growth of trees, good soil or good
climate?-R. c. H.
A. An authority on trees says tha E
a favorable soil goes much further
in overcoming an unfavorable climate
than a favora BILE climate does toward
overcoming an unfavorable soil.
@. Should rubber rings be used a
second time on fruit jars?-C. G. +.
A. Use only the best grade of rub
! bers and use only once. Test by
stretching. If they spring back like
elastic they are in good condition.
Q. When were khaki uniforms
first worn by our Army?-A. NJ.
called for the Spanish-American war
| 1t was found that the heavy dark blue
UNIFORM was too warm for service in
the tropics. A service uniform of
khaki cloth was therefore introduced.
In 1902 the whole dress regulation OF
| the Army was changed.
Q. What are the English equiva-
lents for the perfumes called fieurs-
DENIAL and chevrefeuille? e?-B. w. w.
10 Mai fS
valley, while chevre-feuille is honey
suckle.
Q. At what temperature does iron
turn red?-E. L. A.
A. When heated to 752 degrees +.
iron turns red that is visible in the
dark. At 975 degrees T. the color is
visible in the sunlight, At 1,s52 de-
grees F. 1t becomes a bright cherry.
and at 2,012 degrees an orange.
USED. K. c.
A. Linoleum as a floor covering was
first introduced in England in 1860.
Q. When was the first periscope
used?-J.' w.
A. The earliest record of its use
was on the federal monitor Usage
1864. The instrument was devised
by Thomas Daughty, acting chief Of
engineers OF the United States Navy.
O. Was helium gas a war discov-
ery?-R. 7. H.
A. Helium was discovered by Hill
debrand in 1883.
Q. What causes apples to be irreg-
ular in shape?-R. !.
A. Such variation Is due to the alb
sence of seeds in one or several
carpets.
( Q. Is there any medicinal value in
sunlight?-P. L.
| A. The therapeutic application of
sunlight is an empirical mode of
! treatment in many diseases. which
has been handed down through gem
| erations. There is undoubtedly
| life-giving principle or growing
stimulus in sunlight, and men and
animals require it as well as vege-
tation.
(Let The Star Information Bureou
| dnSper your question State your
query plainly and briefly, aud send 1t
to The Stdr Information Bureau,
Frederic j. Hdskip, director, 1890 North
Capitol street. The only charge for
this serrice Is too cents IN stamps for
return postdge)