davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13
122455
Bills allowed Adams, Bartholome

Bills allowed Adams, Bartholomew
and Peterson voting aye.
On motion voted to build a cement
walk on 9th street from Cascade
north along the east side OF 9th to
point across Spring street on the
signing of applications by all owners
of lots abbutting said 9th street.
On motion voted to adjourn.
F. V. Williams, City Clerk
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13
COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS

Couacil Chamber, City of River
Falls, Sept. 3, 1923.
Regular meeting of the Common
Council.
Meeting called<to order at o'clock
P. M. by Mayor Vannatta.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13
SWEDISH MISSION CHURCH

O:30-Devotiona services in the
local church. "In thy light shall we
see light" This is the inner aspect
of home life, and we will, by the
grace of God, never conduct a ser
vice without this as the solid founda-
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO
From The River Falls Journal

Sept. Is, 1898
M. H. Wolf opened his new store,
The Fair, here last Saturday.
-25-
Miss Eva Fosbender and Mr..
Joseph Firner, both of Big River,
were married by Rev. Kaluza Sept.
10, 1898.
Eugene Hunter now drives the
mail between Martell and Baldwin.
-25-
John Murphy of Pleasant Valley
lost six stacks of grain by fire from
a threshing engine a week ago.
-25-
Potatoes are being marketed here
at zoe a bushel. The price is too
high to make it profitable for the
startch factory to run this season.
-25-
Mrs. E. B. Armstrong was appoint
ed National Conductor, w r. c., at
the. National Encampment held in
Cincinnati last week.
-25-
The Johnson & Elertson-C Carroll
block is completed, and will soon be
occupied by the Johnson & Elertson
hardware store and the N. c. Nelson
restaurant and bakery.
-25-
The River Falls City Band has re-
organized under the leadership of
Harry Campbell.
When in need OF anything in the
line of printed work, remember we
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13
CONGREGATIONAL

10:30-Public Worship, with SER
mon by the Pastor. There will be
special music; Prof. Marvin D.
Geere will sing,- 1.-THE Lord is my
Light"
11:45-The Sunday School. The
Normal and young peoples classes
will resume work for the school
year. Prof. Hunt will address the
class of young women on, "The Col
lege Purpose" All young people are
invited to come and join class.
TOO P. M.-The Y. P. S. C. E. de-
votional meeting. Topic, "How
Apply Religion to Manners"
Strangers are cordially invited to
worship with US.
DIR. j. o. Thrush, Pastor.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13
121S0.33
GENERAL FUND

GEN EhAL L UNI
Alfred Halverson Certified
copy plat 1st ward lO.oo
Crane Co. Valves for
sprinkler wagon 4.oS
C. w. Jensen Surveying 1910
Freeman Drug Co. Supplies
City Hall 4.4o
Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Co.
Toilet & adding paper lz.23
City Treasurer Interest
Improvement Bonds 6O7.5O
H. A. Hutchins Salary Police 5000
Roy Hyatt Salary Police 50.oo
Alice o. Bennett Salarv
care rest room 22.io
Joseph KonicLek Salary
care Park 2s.oo
E. w. Shepard St. Sweeper 37.5O
E. E. Nash Street sprinkler 1910
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13

p T. Baker Street Com. 500
A. L. Chinnock Street labor 6.ot
Knute Wigen Street labor S21o
las pomeroy Street labor 64.2O
C. F. Heinrich Supplies
Citv Hall 1923
D,,nn Bros Fence for Park 1419l
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1923-09-13

When in need OF anything in the
line of printed work, remember we
can satisfy you.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
READFIELD
Readfieid Grange

Readfield Grange met Saturday.
Jan. 20. with a good attendance.
Three new names were voted on and
accepted: other business was trans
acted. Question: I'm What Way Can
We Use Our Highway Appropriations
to the Best Advantage This Year,"
Answered by Stanley Hight. L. A..
Walker. c. A. Collins. Ruth Hight.
A bountiful dinner was served under
the direction of Idella III. Love.
The lecturer presented an interest
ing program: Singing, "Tenting On
the Old Camp Ground" and "Old
Black joe" selection by the chorus;
encore: address. s"The Cause and
Remedy of Dcformed Apples; Graft
ing In All Its Forms" Luther S.
RUSSELL vocal solo with encore,
Alice +. Walker; reading, Louise
Childs; selection, chorus
DR.. George NJ. Twitchell is to give
an address at our next meeting. Feb.
.. A large attendance is desired.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
Bates Debating League for
High Schools Opens Up

The Bates Debating League for
high schools is beginning it's season.
This year the League includes in it's
membership practically every large
preparatory school in the State and a
large percentage of the smaller ones.
During the past two years the League
has been State wide and has done
wonders in arousing interest in high
school debating. The League has at
tanned it's present position under the
tutelage of Professor Baird of the
department of augmentation, who
deserves much credit for his untiring
work. The question for debate this
year is. Resolved, that compulsory
arbitration of industrial disputes
should be adopted in the railroad and
coal-mining industries. The member
high schools are already at work on
the question preparing for the pre-
liminary clashes in March. The win
ners on both sides of the question in
each triangle meet at the college in
April to decide the State champion
ship.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24

the House and Senate to be appointed
to sit in with the attorney general in
the preparation of legislation to deal
with the situation, and at this point
Governor Baxter took the platform
again to explain about the cost of run
ming the fuel administration.
Governor Baxter accused the Del
aware and Hudson Railroad of de
flying the Federal authorities and
said lie had asked Senator Fernald
how much longer they were to do
so.
The Governor said that he had in
his Office a rough draft of Il bill TO
correct existing abuses which he
would ask Attorney General Shaw to
present to the Senators and Repre-
sentatives.
How much would the six hundred
tons of coal of which you speak do
towards relieving the situation in
Portland:" asked Representative
Maher.
"A great deal" replied Mr.. Lane
Representative Maher suggested
that the appropriation of $4,000 by
the Legislature for the purchase of
this coal might bring down the price
and relieve the Portland situation.
The price of $16.2J is high" said
Mr.. Lane rchectively. but he added,
1T would have Il wonderful effect
upon the situation to buy this coal.
Representative Cakes of Portland,
asked Mr.. Lane 10 name concerns
that had hampered him in his work.
"One concern in Portland that has
hindcred me great deal is the firm
of Randall and MacAllister," replied
Mr.. Lane.
n eli oil n,,t
coal sold in Portland, as to where
it came from and he said, at is the
waste of the coal at the mouth of the
mine, mostly slate"
The Governor said that when the
administration began to function,
$4,000 was set apart from the con-
tinScNt fund, and the expenses for
the six months to date had been
$4,000.
"At the very outset" he said, II
said that we were not going to put
the credit Of Maine at stake, or 90
into the wholesale or retail coal bust
ness. Other states have done this,
but I am not going to have the State
of Maine go into the coal business
while | am governor. So we placed
the responsibility on the coal dealers
of Maine. and I think that We ought
to congratulate ourselves on the way
III which VIC have handled this phase
of the situation"
Mr.. BarWiSc wanted to know If coal
was being sold in bags in other cities
and was told that they were in Lew
lSton and Auburn. but Mr.. Lane did
not say there was any shortweight
practices in those cities.
What do you consider n fair price
Tor anthracite on the wharf at Port
land, asked Rep. Granville.
1t ought not to be more than. s13
or $3.50. said Mr.. Lane. The situa-
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24

ton at Portland is rseriousa Families
cannot get coal in Portland. 1t is a
crime the way the people. of Port
land have been treated.
Replying to Rep. Hale of Portland
he said that coal was not being re-
tailed at $3.50 in Portland. He fur
thcr said that the II. and .McAllstcr
Co, had said that if they could have
a. gross profit of $225 a ton they
would be satisfied. That he felt was
fair.
Rep. Rounds said that the trouble
in Portland was snow. Dealers could
not get teams, if thoy could the coal
would be delivered and Mr. Lane said
that was right. Rounds further said
that dealers had been warned that
If they bought this 600 tons they
would be outlawed by other dealers.
'Tf you had the authority to take
those teams, Mr.. Lane, last Satur-
day you could have supplied those
people," said Rounds.
/ could.
This Legislature, said Rounds
can fix that in short order and it
ought to.
Asked by Mr.. Moody Of York if
$3.50 cash for coal in York was a
fair price, Mr.. Lane said: No; it is
outrageous.
lone thought has occurred to me
before we adjourn" said Senator
Hincklcy, land that is that before
we appropriate 100000 to buy that
GOO tons of coal, it would be better
to enact legislation enabling the fuel
administration to take it,
The chairman's statement was
greeted with applause.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
Ask for More Power
Continued from Page One)

Governor. while several of the House
members smiled almost audbly.
This is going to he q coal I.ecis-
1aturc,' tho Governor went on "Iou
have Aaron Colo and his report and
ANDY Coal' ana his fucl--it is coal
all tho way he said amid laughter.
Il think we arc going to get through
the fuel situation all right and the
Aaron Colo matter if YOU take care of
it will carry YOU through for q great
many years.
Governor Baxter reviewed the fuel
situation and told Of his appointment
last Summer of Mr.. Lane as fuel di-
rector. Mr.. Lane asked me when he
was appointed if he must favor any
hody and [ told him. "I'll give YOU as
free II hand as any man was ever
given and I'll back YOU to the limit"
Il told him when he asked me what
laws Wo had that thCro wasn't Il
scrap of law but VIC had tho law OF
public necessity ana public opinion"
the Governor continued.
The Governor after praising Mr..
Lane for tho efficiency of his work
introduced him as % man known
throughout the State who needs no
introduction
Opening his remarks Mr.. Lane said
That lie could not be too emphatic in
saving that IL had received from Gov.
Baxter tho best Kind of cooperation
and hacking: also that he wanted to
extend his thanks to the coal dealers of
Maine for the generous assistance
which they had extended. "Any word
that [ may say about any dealer said
he, ''iS not with any personal feeling.
hut is due to my feeling and effort to
:. coal for he utnnlc of tho State
of Name.
II have boon in Port land this week"
said Mr.. Lone. Investigating condi-
TONS and since last Thursday have
called upon 2S5 families who were UNI
Cccdngly serious, but | am glad to say
that every one of those families will
be supplied within "a hours.
"Onc dealer in Portland has been
charging $50 Il ton for coal
"A dealer there has practically dcficd
the coal administration and has work
Cd an injustice upon tho people of the
city Of Portland and of the surrounding
cities and towns.
Il It's my opinion that something
should he done to strengthen the hands
of the fuel administration.
"GcntlCmcn. they are selling coal in
bags in Portland which arc supposed
10 hold is pounds of coal. | went
around Saturday night and ex2mincd
and weighed many of these bags and
] found that they held from II to III
pounds of coal and the price being
charged was from IS to so cents per
bag. making that coal cost the con-
sumcr from $50 to s35 a tom
lie exhibited one of the empty coal
bags which was marked to contain
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24

IS pounds Of chestnut coal. 1t did not
seem possible to put that amount of
coal into the bags.
81 examined the contents Of that
bag" continued Mr.. Lane, land it
slate, with less than ten per cent
OF anthracite. 1t is an absolute
shame to permit coal to be sold to
the people of Maine at such high
price.
I'VE have had many troubles in
getting coal for the people of Maine
said the fuel director, Certain deal
ors, on account of finances, have not
desired to take care of the people
of their communities, but l have
told them to, and they have done
so"
Referring again to the high prices
that have prevailed in some in
some~1m Instances, Mr.. Lane declared
that lie had received q letter from
the Boston Navy Yard asking for
an explanation of why coal was sold
for $50 Il ton at Portland.
1--WE have also had difficulty in
regulating the price of wood" said
Mr.. Lane. "In one city they arc
charging $50 a cord and the mayor
apparently is satisfied with this price
In some places the price for wood
fitted for the stove is SIG a cord
that which is not fitted sells for
$14."
Mr.. Lane Informed the legislators
that ON Dec. IS, last, he offered the
coal dealers Of the State the priv
ilcgo of buying from one to six car
loads each of 100 cars of coal, and
1,J ..;x ,x1-,
taken.
The fuel administration has done
everything possible to get coal for the
State of Maine. and if there is fam
lily anywhere without coal, just hand
me the name and l will sec that they
are supplied
as it true" asked Representative
Edgar +. Rounds of Portland. when
Mr.. Lane had finished. that 600 tons
of coal in Portland are being held by
outside parties for higher priccs"'
1t is true" replied the fuel admin
istrator THAT concern has had that
coal, so far as ] knew. for several
years. When L found out, I got in
touch with them and they stated that
they were willing to sell it for the
price for which they were holding it
last October which was very high"
Il was there this morning. got tho
keys ana looked it over. 1t is as fine
q lot of coal as l have ever seen and
something ought to be done SO that
| that coal may he turned over to the
people who need it,
Mr.. Lane" said Representative
Franklin ID. Cummings of Portland.
may l ask what price this modern
Ihiehwayman is willing to take TO part
with this coal?"
Il think it is s16.o5 ton" said Mr.
Lane.
Senator Hincklcy suggested that it
might be we'll for committee from
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24

Then why have we been forced to
bear the ache and throb OF healing
wounds all these years? The answer
is this: Until the discovery of the
famous Carrel-Dakin solution during
the World War all known antiseptics
of any real germicidal power were
poisonous, burning compounds. They
could mot be used in strong enough
solution to destroy every vestige OF
germ life that wound might contain.
The result was that infection was
sure to follow q break in the skin.
Infection is what is commonly called
inflammation" and all wounds I'M
less thoroughly sterilizcd will become
more or less infamed.
The Carrel-Dakin solution allowed
wounds to be thoroughly sterilized for
the first time in the history of sur
gerry. The relief that this brought
to the Allied wounded seemed like a
miracle. Prior to the discovery OF
the antiseptic war hospitals were
nightmares of horror. owing to the
agony produced by suppuratlng
wounds. After its discovery great,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
WASHINGTON

NORTH-W. NJ. Light Oh
Washington, who purcnasea
mountain lot, of III. +. Evans
made a deal whereby Adiai A.1' M
of Burkettville. now owner N
lumber. He has Percy Tulne, M
Charles Robinson of Appleloh ~, s
ping the lumber. and they are W.
ing with Roy Lenfest. ID
w. A. Palmer is on two,
vacation, at +. w. Cunningham I'd
Charles Savage of Razor,"s III
here one day last week WIN = nj
scription paper. for the help , " Z
and Mrs. Winfield Savage WY
fered such a terrible loss ~. Ss|
The hearts of all our peoply NJ
go out in deep sympathy 70 ~, th,|
rcaved parents, and all oiu
bit" to help a. little. .,s ss|
Mrs. Alice Lenfest IS on ". colS|
list with one of the prevaii'ne, rms|
Roy Light is drawing ,a,,yss|
from the Evans lot to buA
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
No Scottish Rite
Mason Can Belong
to Khan, Saws Notice

Boston, Jan. 23-Frcdcricll w.
Hamilton, supreme council deputy of
the Masonic Order for Massachusetts,
has issued a notice to Scottish Rite
Masonic members warning them that
no member OF the ku KluX Khan is
entitled to membership in tho organ
ization and further that mo Scottish
Rite EreemaSOn can consistently be q
klansman." This action supplemented
recent action of tho Massachusetts
Grand Masonic Lodge and MasonS
from the "Bluc Lodge" to the 3:rd
degree are now forbidden to join the
Khan.
The statement sent out by Mr..
Hamilton stated that it was forth
coming because he had learned that
Scottish Rite Masons were being SOL
icited to join the Khan on the ground
that its announced purposes should
commend themselves to Masons.
Mr.. Hamilton is former president
OF Tufts College and the supreme
council of which he is deputy for
Massachusetts. is head of the Scot
fish Rite f'recmasonry. which con-
sists OF various lodges from the
fourth to the 33rd degree. in the
northern jurisdiction of the United
States,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
WALDOBORO

NORTH-Dr. J. w. Sanborn of
Waldoboro was in this place Thurs
day afternoon.
Vigil Morse made a business trip
to Waldoboro Wednesday. :.
Leon Ames of ThOmaston is in
this place working for Burnheimer
and Mank.,
Mrs. Flora Mank was a guest of
Mrs. peter Hilderbrandt at Medomak
farm Thursday.
Undertaken o. V. Hassner of
Waldoboro was in this place on bust
ness Thursday.
Mrs. Jennie Mank and Mrs. Maud
Mank were Wednesday guests of Mrs.
G.. c. Walter in the lower neighbour
hood.
Fred II. Calderwood and George
Flanders took a drive to Friendship
Wednesday, after load of fish.
Mrs. Alma Mank and daughter,
Mrs. Grace Levensaler. took a sleigh
ride to Waldoboro Thursday
Mrs. Nancy Schwartz and Miss
Belle Davis, who have been here the
past several weeks caring for Mrs.
SchWertz's sister, the late Roxy
GRAHAM, went to Newcastle Tues
day.
Mrs. Angie Glidder, who has been
here with her mother since the death
Iof her father. the late Walter Morse,
has returned to her home in Provi-
dcnce, +. l. Her mother, Mrs. Alice
Morse accompanied her and will pass
the winter there.
Fred Sukeforth of Washington was
in this place Wednesday with a yoke
of oxen and a pair of horses on his
way to Waldoboro after a load of
grain.
Victor V. Burnhcimor is confined to
the house suffering with the grippe
and tonsilitis. DR. ]. w. Sanborn of
WaldobOro is attending him.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
Bates COLLEGE.

! President Gray has returned from
a trip to the West where he met alu-
mni groups in the interest of the
Fund campaign. On Wednesday he
met an informal group at Chicago.
Saturday he attended an enthusiasts
tic meeting of the New York alumni.
The New York grads are planning
to hold weekly dinners at Hotel
Bristol, At the meeting of last Sat-
urday Congressman Beede was the
speaker.
The Musical Gibbs. recently re-
turned from q successful trip to Can
ton, Livermorc Falls, and Farming
ton, and gathered on Monday at
Plummer's studio to pose for their
picture. Other groups to gather there
this week are: The Commons Com
mittee, on Tuesday; Wednesday, the
Debating Council; Thursday, Girls
Student Government; Friday, Cercle
Francais.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
Sophomore Class Holds Informal
Dance

On Saturday the Sophomore class
were hosts at an informal dance at
Chase Hall. The proceeds of the
dance were to be devoted to the class
quota to the Million Dollar Fund.
The affair was very efficiently
handled by the class president, Rob-
ert Chandler of Dorchester, Mass.
The chapcrones were Coach Oliver
Cults and Mrs. Cults, Professor and
Mrs. Arthur l.. Purinton. Miss Lena
M. Niles and Professor G.. NJ. Robin
son. The music furnished by a pop
ular combination of college musicians
was excellent, the orchestra being
fortunate in the presence of Mr.. Ar
thur Nicholson, trumpet virtuOsO, for
several years on the Keith circuit.
Dancing continued throughout the
evening and all present enjoyed
themselves immensely.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
January Term Supreme
Judicial Court Conyenes

The January term of Somerset
County Supreme Judicial Court con-
vened Tuesday forenoon, at 10 o.
clock. Justice George Hanson of
Calais is presiding. Prayer was Of
fercd by Rev. George Merriam, pas
tor OF the Bethany Baptist church.
At the arrival Of the Ills train the
civil docket was called and cases for
trial assigned.
Among the lawyers in attendance
at the opening session We're, Judge
Elmer w. Sawyer and County. Attor-
ney James H. Thorne of North Arson,
William Brown of Madison, Bernard
Gibbs of Madison, Clayton Eames of
Scion, Fl. H. Brazzell and Percy
Smith of Fairfield, Thomas Weeks
and E. +. Peacock of Waterville,
Thomas Anderson, Harry H. Thur
Tough and Harry Coolidge, of Pitts
ted, Judge Charles o. Small Of Mad
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24

Mrs. Maud Witham of Waldoboro
was guest of her sister, Mrs. V. V.
Burnheimcr. Friday
Kendall u. league has had a New
England telephone installed in his
house. SO. also. has Newell Nembcrt.
G. i. Walter and Edwin T.. Miller
were in Waldoboro on business Sat
urday.
Several from this place went to
North Warren Friday. evening to at
tend the installation of officers of
White Oak grange and all report a
good time.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin. G. Miller and
little daughter, Eleanor. of the lower
nclghborhOod passed Sunday after
noon with Mrs. Millers parents, Mr..
and Mrs. w. r. Walter.
Wesley Mank. Bernard Newbert
and Marion Orff were at home over
Sunday from the Waldoboro high
school
Mrs. T. A. Burnhcimcr drove to
Waldoboro Monday to visit her par
ents. Mr.. and Mrs. +. n. Oliver.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wallace Achorn. who
have been working for Mr.. and Mrs.
Edwin Levensalcr at Castncrtown
are now living with Martin V. Hop
kins at Fcylcr's Corner.
Cecil Newbert and some 35 mem
bers Of Maple grange visited Evening
Star grange at Washington Mills
Saturday evening where Mr.. New
bert, assisted by Mrs. LYDIA Morse
and several others. installed the Of
ticers Of that grange.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24

gaping holes in the flesh wer.....
without infection Of any ~ Z
soldier lying peacefully in M Y
with almost no distress. n
Zonite is a stabilized ana
trated form of the Carrel- Dali I'm :!
ton. 1t steriliZes wounds WIN y.
more certainty than the Cre.. &c
antiseptic. The result is astor;..h W
A cut or torn finger or hand y.
ample. will heal with amazin,w g.
ity il Zonite is applied to If y ~
after the injury. In addition J. M ss
the wound has no angry ann.s.u s
whatsoever and there is no nj, y
ing the healing process. w.
OF more Importance still II -.
that this painless healing ana AZ Z. l
lack of inflammation" insnrs. 'ea
munity from blood po:sonins
other serious infections. Whsn ~
remembered that amputatton ~ y. !
may result from even the 80.
wound if it is not thoroushis \
infected. the necessity for keenR,.Ms
new antiseptic always at hama =. Y.
be readily understandable n,..
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-01-24
TROY

Walter Mitchell has gone to Bridg-
hampton. n. Y, where he has employ
mont on a milk farm.
James Clifford has taken charge of
the store at West Troy.
News have been received of the
death, by tuberculosis, of Mrs. Ora
knowlton, formerly of Troy.
Rural Carrier, w. c. Bacley. was
confined to the house by illness for
three days last week. His work was
done by the substitute, j. f.. Pierce.