davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1923-07-22
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Department of the Interior

U. s. Land Office at Douglas, wyo.
July 8, 1928
NOTICE is hereby given that
Charles w. Larson, of Casper, Wyo.
who, on August 81, 1910 and Feb
ruary II. 1920 made Homestead
and additional homestead entries
Nos. 019S17 and 019S1S for HID:
, 1923-07-22

Waiter G. Graham, Harry ]. Sharp.
John Aragon, all of Moneta Wyo.
B. ]. ERWIN, Register
Pub July 8, Is, 20, 20, Aug 5, 1929
, 1923-07-22
Silver

NEW YORK. July 2f.-Bar silver,
CSC; Mexican dollars 4Sc.
, 1923-07-22
Flax Seed

Flax seed
DULUTH MINI, July 11-C1osing
flax July 2.6Sh; September 2.a1; DC.
tober 2.25h; November z.25.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
Ell PRINCIPE DE GALES
A BELGICA

BRUsELAs, abril 90. (Cable Fran
c6s. .)-El Principe de Gales partira pre-
ximamente con direction Bruselas .ctr
Ell proposito de representa- al Gobierno
britanico en- las ceremonias de inaugu-
raci6n de un monumento levantado pa
ra conmemorar la alianza de las tropas
de Inglaterra y B6lgica durante la, Ill
TINA guerra.
FL itinerario del Principe compren-
de una vista zeebruge a los cam
pos de batalla del Norte de Francia
y de B6lgica.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
MR.. sTEEG EN- LAUSANNE

LAUSANNE, abril 20. (Cable Fran
ces).-M. steeg, presiderte de la Co.
mission otomana en- Paris ha1 llegado es-
ia tarde aqui, de paso para CONSTANT
nopla, donde tomara parte en- las ne
gociaciones relacionadas con las conce-
stones a Chester.
Mr.. Steeg aprovechara su breve es-
tancia aquf para conferenciar con ell ge-
neral Pelle y Ell experto financdero
turco Hazan Bey.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
Mas CabIegranlaS
MANIFESTATIONS DE M.
sPAINLEVE

PARIS, abril %. (cable Frances).
Ell ex presidente del Consejo de Mi
nistros sefior Painlcve ha declarado hoy
que la proposition del presidente Hard
ing para que Estados Unidos Sc adhiera
al Tribunal International de La Ha-
va es de una importancia capital.
M. .Painleve agrego que la entrada
de Estados Unidos en- dicho ORGANISING
marcara un extraordinario paso de avan
ce en- las relaciones internacionales y
en- la estabilidad de La paz mundial.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
Ell MONUMENTO LEVANTADO
POR INGLATERRA EN-
BELGICA

BRUSELAS, abril 90. (Cable Fran.
ces.)-En presencia de los Soberanos
belgas, del cardenal Mercier, del ma
risca1 Haig y nu1nerosas personas Ell
principe de Gales descorri6 aver Ia te-
la que cubria la estatua levantada por
ell pueblo britanico en- reconocimiento
del concurso que presto B6lgica a En-
glaterra durante los dias de la que
rra.
FL principe de Gales pronunci6 bre-
YES frases.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
La HueIIa de los Anos

oculte las canas que son las que CO.
latan Las huellas de los anos. Use un
preparado bueno que disimule habil.
Inente, que I'd. SO pinta, pues los tin
tes baratos .defatan a leguas el pro-
cedimiento ,provocando sonrisaS. La
?. R. Drug Co. acaban de recibir ln
tinte especial "PRoGREsINA'', base
de aceite vegetal inofensivo de resul-
tados sorprendentes y sin contener, en-
su somposici6n, sales de plata. Pruebe
III pomo que Sc detalla $500 Y I'd.
generosamente le dara la receta sus
amigos que 10 necesiten.
20
Porto Rico Drug Co.
San Juan. P. r. Advt.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
Sc SUSPENDEN LAS DISCU=
STONES SOBRE Ell ACUERDO
CHESTER

LAUSANNE, abril 90. (Cable Fran
c6s. )-Todas las discusiones relativas
al acuerdo Chester han quedado auto
maticamente suspendidas hoy, hasta es
perar los resultados de la conferencia
que Sc efectuara en- Constantinopla en-
tire los delegados franceses y los re-
presentantes- del gobierno turco.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
MATRrMoNIo

Han contraido matrimonio en- Ponce,
por el rito protestante, don Jose orta
y Ia sefora Dolores candelario.
Deseamos los felices c6nyuges toda
clase de venturas en- su nuevo estado.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
UN REPRESENTATIVE DE RU=
STA HA LLEGADO A LAU=
SANNE

LAUSANNE, abril 20. (Cable Fran
c6s.) -voisvsky, represcntante del 60
bierno russo ha Iegado esta tarde aquf
para observar los progresses de la con-
ferencia.
Voisvsky viene esta ciudad sola-
mente como observador particular del
Soviet.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30

San Juan. P. r.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
RUSIA FIRMARA Ell ACUER=
DO DE LOS ESTRECHOS

LAUSANNE, abril 20. (Cable Fran
c6s.)-Riza Nur Bey experto fnanciero
de la delegation turca ha manifestado
esta tarde que Russia probablemente fir
mara ell tratado de los Estrechos.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
UNA CoMIDA Al. PRINCIPE
DE GALES

BRUsELAs, abril 20. (cable Fran
ces.) .)-El rey Alberto ofrecera esta no
che en- Palacio una comida al prfnci-
pc de Gales.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-04-30
session. EN- Ell isENADo

Para hoy las tres esta anunciada la
session del senado, en- la cual Sc trata-
ran importante asuntos.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16
Would Have Saved The Titanic


II this supervision of the ice fields
had been in existence in 1912 the sink
ing of the Titanic would not have oc-
Cured. With constant bulletins as TO
the location of icebergs, such disasters
are easily prevented. The sinking of
knowledge as to the location of the
floating mountains of ice with which
the vessel collided.
Before the ice patrol was estab-
lished ships crossing the North At
lantic went It blind. In a general
way their officers knew hat at GER
tain seasons and in certain locations
there was lurking danger, but exact
knowledge was not to be obtained.
The ship which speeded through the
area did so at her own risk, and when
the Titanic's maiden voyage brought
a disaster which Mortified the entire
world 1t set in motion the machinery
Of nations to prevent such catas-
trophies in the future.
As the first step in control of the
iceberg peril an international Conven-
ton for the Safety of Life at Sea was
signed by the various governments in
January. 1914. Under this agreement
the various powers assumed the obli-
cation TO contribute to the cost of
maintaining a constant ice-patrol
during the season of peril. With in
corruption during 1917 and 1913. on
account Of the war. this patrol has
been constantly maintained.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16
G~7>xz9>>z<zp[ [c<12Hz0G %z>>o
\>z1|S|@zI

located, the ice is kept under constant
| surveillance. Today's location of a
berg is of little value to the navigator
twenty-four hours later. for the rea-
son that the ice is constantly on the
move. Under the influence of the
prevailing winds and the ocean cur
rents there is a constant shifting of
the points of danger, For this reason
the patrol must keep in touch with
the ice fields as they move southwark,
to the end that the charts showing
their presence may be kept up to the
minute.
Sighting A Berg Means Action
The discovery OF ice is the signal
for active work on board the cutters.
Determination OF the size and extent
of the menace is accompanied by ex-
act observations to establish It's pre-
else position to the degree and min
ute of latitude and longitude. These
figures and such other information as
may be deemed important are care
fully compiled by the cutters officers
for dispatch by wireless.
1t is recognized by navigators that
the most effective means Of broad
casting this information Is to have
the messages sent at stated hours.
This serves the useful purpose of en-
abling the wireless operators on ap-
preaching ships to be on the watch
for the signals, and Is of further value
in that 1t makes 1t possible to elm
mate interference with the messages
by other radio activities.
B~roadcasting takes place at six
o'clock every morning and evening.
At seven o'clock In the evening the
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

The ice season covers the months
of April. May and June, with extern
sion into later summer under unusual
conditions. During his period cutters
of the Coast Guard Service are in
continuous action off the Grand Banks
and along those portions of the trans
Atlantic steamship lanes where float
ing icebergs are likely to be encoun-
tered. The protective work of the
cutters includes the finding of these
floating dangers from day to day and
keeping the ocean navigators informed
as to their location.
Flashed BY Radio
Information Is given in a compre-
hensive way. and with a promptness
and effectiveness which would not
have been possible without the aid of
the wireless telegraph. BY means of
the radio the patrol reports the dis
covery Of icebergs to the photographic
Office of the United States Navy. for
distribution through the bulletins OF
that office; and as a more immediate
measure of safety. the cutters also
broadcast the information for the
guidance of n~avigators whose vessels
are approaching the ice fields.
In this way the ships have complete
information as to icebergs and field
ice nearest the tracks of International
ocean commerce. The information is
OF a broad scope which covers the
geographical limits of the ice, show
ing the extreme extent OF danger in
all four points OF the compass. Once
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16
Z1HLz2C

no locomotive Is required for hand
ling them. The yard tracks are on a
down grade and the cars travel by
gravity to a place known by the pic
turesque name of the barney pit"
At this point the cars are taken in
hand by the barney" which supplies
motive power by a scheme of its own.
The barney is a mechanical pusher,
projecting upward between the rails,
which plants its nose against a car
and pushes 1t up the ten per cent.
grade to a car bumper.
Juggling Loaded Cars
The bumper has a cradle especially
built for the holding of loaded coal
cars. Clamped within this cradle the
car is turned upside down and its load
delivered into a spacious apron as
gently as a housewife pours newly
gathered apples into the apron of do
nestle use. Even in dumping. the coal
Is protected from breakage by means
of a device as effective as II Is simple.
Balanced by CONFERENCE.-The, the apron
is readily raised and lowered. to ac-
commodate itself to the requirements
Of receiving and discharging its valu-
able loads. When a car Is being
dumped the apron is raised to a point
which causes the coal to flow easily
into place. and after the dumping is
completed the apron and It's Loaf are
lowered so that the coal ma slide
freely to the belts by which 1t Is to
be conveyed to the ship for which 1t
is intended.
These belts are a browning achieve
ment in the handling OF coal from car
to ship with n%eatness n Dispatch
the n~eatness being born Of the need
for reducing breakaga to q minimum
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

dangers as reported by the cutters
and others. In the compilation of
these charts, and the bulletins which
go with them, the photographic au-
thorities have the cooperation of ves-
sells crossing the Atlantic. The mas
ters of all ships are encouraged to
report their own discoveries by wire
less. and this vastly increases the
scope of observation.
How Bergs Are Formed
The iceberg is a curious structure,
representing the tip of an Arctic
glacier. Since the glacier is merely
a river of ice. and is always flowing
toward the level OF the sea. nature
creates the iceberg by the simple
process of b~reakage. The size of
the mass depends upon the length of
time which passes after the end of
the glacier has reached the sea.
Flowing gradually out into the open
waters, the glacier takes the form Of
a solid beam of ice, protruding into
the sea but not floating. Its connec-
ton with the land ice causes 1t to be
held in suspension, above the level
of floating, and the break takes place
when this continues to a point at
which the structure can no longer
bear the weight of the projecting end.
The break results in releasing the tip
Of the glacier, as an independent
floating mass, which takes its place
in the ocean as a wandering peril to
navigation.
The time at which the break takes
place is regulated by various factors
of the elements. The character of the
winter has much to do with the num-
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

complete summary of the days in
formation is sent to the photographic
Office at Washington through the
nearest and radio stations. This mes
sage defines the danger zone, its ex-
RENE s~outherly limits and all other
ice news of a definite character. An
hour later the information Is broad
casted again for vessels using the 1900
meter wave length, which were not
reached by the other messages or the
500 meter tuning. In addition to these
b~roadcasts the cutters stand ready to
give Information to all vessels making
special inquiry. This Is of manifest
value, because of the constant shift
ing OF the icebergs and the need for
the latest possible information from
the field by vessels In close proximity
to the danger zone.
Land Stations Also Used
The dissemination of the bulletins
does not stop with the radio service
of the cutters themselves. Twice a
day the photographic Office at Wash
ington gives the information further
circulation by b~roadcasts from the
stations at Arlington, Va, Annapolis,
Md, Boston, New York and Norfolk.
These messages go out on various
wave-length so that there IS little
possibility that II navigator whose
ship is supplied with wireless ap-
paratus will fail to receive the warn
ings so vital to the safety of his YES
sci.
As an additional record of the ice
fields, the photographic Office issues
a weekly ice chart. presenting in
graphic form the location of all ice
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

loading towers are the controlling fac
tors in placing the belt loads into the
hold of the ship. Each tower is
equipped with a cage which can be
raised or lowered to adapt the flow of
coal to the height of the vessel which
is to be loaded. This affords an ad-
ditional precaution against breakage
of the coal. The cage has a variation
of 81 feet in the matter of height with
a minimum height, above the water, Of
is feet. AS a part of the tower equip
ment there is a shuttle ram which
has a reach of 45 feet. for directing
the flow of coal. With the towers
travelling along the pier in a horizontal
direction. and with the shuttle work.
ing in and out at right angles, the
apparatus Is able to so distribute the
coal that little trimming" of the
cargo Is required.
The towers are for the handling of
coal which m directly from the
dumping machine. Coal which passes
through the balancing bin is con-
veyed by one of the belts to a side
machine, by the operation of which 1t
may be placed in the ship on which
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

the towers are at work. or it may be
diverted to the loading of a scow
alongside the pier.
Controlled BY A Button
Despite it's i~ntricacies and ingenuity
of construction, the loading outfit as a
whole Is controlled by the simple
pressing of a button. The functions
of the entire pier are interlocked and
electrically controlled. Push buttons
are located every twenty feet on the
runway of each belt conveyor. and by
the pushing of one of these buttons
all movable parts of belts, towers and
feeders are Immediately stopped.
The operators of the apparatus are
located in small houses on the shut
ties, and the master control OF the
whole pier is In the office of the super
intendent. enabling him to establish
the speed at which all belts are OPP
Grated.
Trimming Coal By Machinery
When the coal has reached the in
terror of the ship the mechanical
trimming machine goes into action.
This machine is on of HI uaoat nic-
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

turesque features of the outfit, because
of the almost human action of It's
mechanism in trimming the coal. or
distributing its bulk evenly and
smoothly throughout the hold of the
vessel. Each loading tower has one
of these machines, n these COM
pletely eliminate the necessity for en-
ploying manual labor in connection
with the loading of coal into ships.
The trimmer consists OF an endless
belt located at the lower end of a
telescope chute which can be lowered
into the hold of a vessel. This belt
moves at high speed and delivers the
coal wherever desired.
Coal thawing is another engaging
feature of the plant. All of us have
seen coa cars with their loads of fuel
frozen into solid mass by wintry
weather encountered during the Jour-
ney by rail. To overcome his trou-
BILE and to render the coal easily
handled thawing sheds have been
built 10 cover the tracks leading to
the car bumpers. These sheds pro-
vide a temperature of $50 degrees
almost the simmering point of hot
water-and after thirty minutes OF
this temperature the coal is sufficient
ly thawed to permit freedom of move
ment, The sheds have a capacity OF
20 cars.
The pier is TOO feet long and III
wide. Within two months after its
completion IL had made a new worlds
record for speed in the loading of coal,
n since that time its own record has
repeatedly suceumbed to its new
achievements. AS an example of its
rapid work mention might be made of
the steamer Maiden. One hundred
and hfty-one cars, holding 1922 tons
of bituminous coal. were loaded in one
hour fftv-a'0ht minutes.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

The dumping outfit by which the car
has just been handled is provided with
three travelling belts operating on the
principle Of the endless chain. These
belts are of rubber and canvass con-
struction, and they move at a rate of
500 feet a minute, or slightly more
than ten miles an hour. Sliding to
the surface CT one of these belts from
the lowered apron the coal Is carried
to the vessel alongside the pier. Two
of the belts at each bumper are FIVE
feet wide, have a capacity of 1900
tons an hour apiece, and run to the
loading tower, close by the vessel: the
third of a width of four feet runs to
a balancing bin which Is of great use
'%fulness in distributing the oversupply
Of coal which comes from the bumper
at times of the peak of traffic"
Preserving A Balance
The need for this balancing bin is
readily seen. for it Is obvious that
when the pier Is running at maximum
capacity the operation of the car
bumpers must not be interrupted for
even so much as a single instant.
When 1t becomes necessary, therefore,
to stop the flow of coal into the hatch
way of a vessel. the coal Is placed
temporarily on a belt running to the
balancing bin. from which 1t Is carried
by another belt to its place on board
the ship. In this way perfect balance
Of operation is maintained and costly
Interruptions are prevented.
The pier has WI operating units,
each of them consisting of a car
bumper. two loading towers and an
outfit known as a sAs machine The
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16
5I>S(1C@ 5(NS07%<0
~>0 @OG[>0<0 81
@>ZS[1 H>[[>2S
~%0 @~>>S

Der of icebergs formed and released
into the open waters. The stormier
the weather the greater the number
of icebergs. This Is the inevitable
result of the action of the vast waves
which are raised by storms of unusual
severity. The pounding OF these
waves against the projecting ends of
tho glaciers carries irresistible force
which causes the tips to break much
more quickly than they would If left
undlsturbed to drop Of their own
weight.
Huge Masses OF Ice
The size of an iceberg Is a variable
quantity. but some of these floating
masses are veritable mountains of ice.
Records of the patrol vessels show
that the largest berg encountered in
recent years was fully seven hundred
feet in length and that its height
above the water line was approxi-
mately ESQ feet. This gives a picture
of a a as high as a 20 story build
ing and with a length of more than
an eighth of a mile-and all of this
above the level of the water. When
one remembers that there is seven
times as much of the berg under wa
ter as shows above the surface 1t Is
plain that this particular mass was
of tremendous proportions.
Icebergs are not all alike. They
have their cl~assiications and types in
the same way as other formations, and
navigators know them by their spe-
cial characteristics. In one of the IL
Illustrations q comparatively new float
er Is shown. It's newness Is indicated
by the sharp points and Jagged out
line, which have not yet yielded to
the rains and sun of the milder ell
mate into which the wanderer has
found It's way. In another picture ap-
pears a berg with rounded surface and
entirely lacking the sharpness char
acteristic OF the other mass of ice.
The rounding of the edges and corners
has resulted from exposure to the
spring weather Of the southern lati-
tudes into which the berg has drifted.
The ice patrol of 1923 is carried
on by the Coast Guard cutters Tampa
and Modoc. Each of these vessels
cruises single-handed for Is days and
then returns to Halifax. Nova Scotia.
for fuel and supplies, while its sister
vessel carries on the work OF observa-
ton and reporting. In the exchange
of ships there is no moments lapse
in the patrol. Constant observation
is essential to the success of the work
and each cutter is under riders to
remain on duty until relieved.
In addition to the hunting OF ice-
bergs the cutters on patrol duty are
also on the lookout for other OBJ
structions which may exist in the
paths OF navigation.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16
How the Giant Apparatus In Baltimore Handles
Vast Burdens Coal Breakage Now
Reduced To Minimum.
To MINIMUM.
BY NORMAN G. McLOUD

at best, and when submitted to a drop
ping process, with other coal falling
on top of it, the Jumps are reduced in
size and value. This was one of the
main factors In bringing about the
special design Of the plant in Balti-
more.
Coal BrCakagc Prevented
In working out the plans for this
outfit reduction of breakage was as
much of a consideration as speed in
coal loading. After careful study of
the various types Of piers In opera
ton along the Atlantic s~eaboard, the
gravity system was set aside, and
there was born a new method of
handling coal by belt c%onveyors in
stead of dumping. That the structure
cost the railway company $4,000, 900
Is of secondary importance. Without
the new ideas embraced in its con-
struction it might have cost twice
that much with less satisfactory re-
suits.
The plant is built of steel and con-
crete and has a maximum capacity of
1000 IONS an hour or twelve million
tons a year. The hourly capacity
means the handling of 116 tons a min
ute, or practically 1000 pounds a sec
ond. It means that within a single
day the outfit could handle a volume
Of coal sufficient to furnish ten tons to
each of 1890 families. Counting five
people to a household this means the
fuel of $4,000 people-which is a good
sized city.
From the time the loaded coaI cars
spter the ward of this loading outfit
Perth Amboy evening news., 1923-06-16

IN ana at the same time treat n
Wv coal itself as something pecu-
l4drIy delicate and fragile, it would
seem that machinery is being taught
how to think.
1t will be conceded that juggling a
coal car with It's burden of fifty tons
of coal Is a task which calls for me-
chanism with the strength OF a giant.
On the other hand 1t must be ad-
mitted hal handling the coal in a
way to minimize breakage demands a
lightness of touch curiously out of
keeping with the capacity to lift $780,
900 or 200. 900 pounds and manipu-
late It in mid-air.
This strange blend OF ability to APP
ply power where needed and to offer
the coal a protecting hand at the prop
err time and place is the thing that
lends especial distinction to the great
est c~oal-loading plant In the world
located In Baltimore harbor and OPP
Grated by the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad. The sheer size Of the out
lit would be enough to command re-
spect. but with the added factor of
such discriminating ingenuity the
plant becomes one OF the marvels of
the present age OF great achievements.
OF chief Importance In the opera
ton of this giant plant is the elimina-
ton of the time honored custom of
dumping. by which coal was turned
loose and left TO the laws of gravity.
Dumping involved inevitable damage.
Bituminous coal breaks easiiv enon1h