Evening star., 1923-08-31

OppOSltlOn TO
conduct on the. part of any of the
others endangering its security would
aim at the establishment of pro-
tectorate.
No Overlordship Desired.
Il utterly disclaim, as unwarranted.
the observations which occasionally
have been made implying a claim on
our part to superintend the affairs of
our sister republics, to assert an
overlordship. to consider the spread
of. our authority beyond our own
domain as the aim of our policy, and
to make our power the test of right
in this hemisphere. l oppose all such
miSconceived and unSound assertions
or intimatlons.
'"They do not express our national
purpose; they belle our sincere friend
ship: they are false to the funda-
mental principles of our institutions
and of our foreign policy which has
sought to reflect, with rare excep-
tions. the ideals of liberty: they
menace us by stimulating a distrust
which has no real foundation. They
find no sanction whatever in the
Monroe doctrine. There is room in
this hemisphere, without danger of
collision, for the complete recogni-
ton of that doctrine and the indie
pendent sovereignty of the Latin
American republics.
Fourth: There are. indeed. mod
ern conditions and recent events
attention. We have grown rich and
powerful. but we have not out
grown the necessity. in justice to
ourselves and without injustice to
others. of safeguarding our future
peace and security. BY building the
tabiished a new and convenient
highway of commerce, but we have
created exigencies and new condi-
tions of strategy and defense. 1t is
for US to protect that highway.
May Need New Canal.
'It may also be necessary for us
at some time to build another canal
between the Atlantic and the Pacific
oceans, and to protect that. I believe
that the sentiment Of the American
people is practically unanimous that
In the interest of our national safe
ty we could not yield to any for
eign power the control of the Pana-
ma canal or the approaches to it
or the obtaining of any position which
would interfere with our right of
protection or would menace the free
dom of our communications.
so far as the region of the Carib-
bean sea is concerned, 1t may be said
that if we had noF Monroe doctrine
we should have to create one. And
this is not to imply any Limitation on
the scope of the doctrine, as origi-
nally proclaimed and as still main
tained. but simply to indicate that
new occasions require new applica-
tions Of an old principle which re-
mains completely effective. What has
taken place of late years in the region
of the Caribbean has given rise to
much confusion of thought and mis-
apprehension Of purpose.
AS have said. the Monroe doctrine
Is a particular declaration in no way
exhausts American right or policy;
the United States has rights and OBJ
define. And in the unsettled condition
of certain countries in the region of
the Caribbean it has been necessary
to assert these rights and obligations
g well as the limited principles of
the Monroe doctrine.
Intervention In Cuba.
I'm 1898 The United States inter-
vened in Cuba in the cause of humani-
ty and because of a condition of af-
fairs at our very door so injurious
to our interests that it had become
intolerable. In view of the distress,
miseries, and barbarities that exist
ed, our action, as John Bassett Moore
has said, was analogous to what is
known in private law as the abate-
ment of a nuisance.
I'm the settlement that followed the
establishment of Cuban independence,
Cuba agreed that the United States may
exercise the right to intervene for the
preservation Of Cuban independence. the
maintenapce of a government adequate
for the protection of life, property and
individual liberty, and for discharging
the obligations with respect to Cuba inn
posed by the treaty of Paris on the
United States. now to be assumed and
undertaken by the government Of Cuba.
Cuba also agreed not to enter into
any treaty with any foreign power which
would tend to impair her independence,
nor in any manner authorize or permit
by colonization or for military or naval
purposes or otherwise lodgment in or
control of any portion Of said island
There were also restrictive provisions as
to the contracting of debts"
Holds Special Position.
The United States thus holds a
special position in relation to Cuba, but
it should be pointed out and clearly
understood that, while in view of this
position, We have acted as the friendly
adviser of the Cuban government, our
action has been solely for the purpose
Of aiding in maintaining the independ-
ence and stability of Cuba and thus not
Of Intervention under the treaty by en-
couraging the Cuban people to eliminate
waste and corruption, to reduce public
expenses to the normal requirements of
government and to secure the just and
efficient administration which will safe
guard the desired independence of Cuba
and promote the prosperity which. with
their abundant natural resources, the
Cuban people are entitled to enjoy.
ut is impossible for me TO review
in any detail the events which led
to the occupation of Santo Domingo
and Haiti. In Santo Domingo, dur
ing the forty years prior to 1907,
there had been sixteen revolutionary
movements. and complete political
and economic decentralization had re-
suited. A military government. was
established In 1916 and until recent
months was continued in the interest
of public order. This occupation was
due to the demonstration, to use the
phrase of President Roosevelt, of an
impotence resulting in the lessening
of the ties of civilized. society and