davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Officers to Dance at
Fort Myer
Tonight

There are two dances on the
carpet for tho military element in
Washington tonight. The officers
of Washington Barracks are giving
one of their usual parties ct the
Officers Club, and then, there Is
the dance to be given by the Of
ficers Of Fort Myer and their ladies
In honor of the new commandment
of the post, Col. Hamilton Hawkins.
and Mrs. Hawkins.
The hop room in the Administers
ton building will be festively
decorated for the occasion with
spring flowers. flags and bunting.
The guests will be received by the
Colonel and Mrs. Hawkins and their
daughter, Miss Anne Gray Hawkins,
who is with them at the post.
Thsre are a number OF dinners
planned to precede the party, which
will start at O'Clock, among them,
one by Gen. and Mrs. n. H. Band.
holtz in compliment to their guests,
Colonel William Starr and Marcus
Munsill, of New York, who are with
them over the weekend. Colonel
and Mrs. Hawkins and Miss
Hawkins are the guests in con1pli.
ment to whom Col. and Mrs. Peter
c.. Field will entertain at dinner.
Lieut.. and Mrs. C. G. Jadwin will
also he dinner hosts.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Small Son of
De Penos is Christened.

Mrs. John Mason Hundley has re
turned to her home in Baltimore
from Washington, where she has
been the guest over last extend
OF her son.in-law and daughter, Mr.
Hugo de Pena, secretary of the
Uruguayan legation, and Mrs. de
Pena.
Saturday afternoon the young son
of Mr.. and Mrs. de Pena, Hugo, jr.,
was christened. The sponsors were
his father and mother, his uncle
John Mason Hundley, jr., and Mrs
A. Champ Stanley.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
EIlises Leaving for
Hot Springs, Ark.

Mr.. and Mrs. Wade Ellis are
starting on Sunday for Hot Springs
Ark, where Mr.. Ellis VIII make an
address before the Cotton Growers
Association. He will speak on May
IL at William and Mary College, Oh
which he is graduate.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ellis are sailing
on Nav Is from New York for
Europe and will be abroad most OF
the summer. Mr.. Ellis Is mem
Der OF a committee Of five appoint
ed by the American Bar Assocla'
ton to investigate criminal pro
cedure in foreign countries. Former
Governor whitman, of New York.
who is also on the committee, and
Mrs. Whitman will accompany the
FIllises
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
JEAN ELIOTS NEWS AND GOSSIP OF SOCIETY

counselor of the Italian embassy,
will give a dinner in their honor.
Mrs. J. Borden Hartman will be
hostess at a small dinner at her
residence in F street this evening.
-
Mrs. Robert Lansing returned to
Washington this morning from her
summer home at Henderson Harbor,
N. Y, which she visited in order to
look over some building operations.
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Van Rensse-
laer celebrated their fifty-eighth we'd
ding anniversary yesterday, the &C.
casion being marked by an informal
luncheon, for which their daughter,
Mrs. James Carroll Frazer acted as
hostess.
s.
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, wife of
the assistant secretary of the navy,
entertained a small company at
luncheon yesterday aboard the u. S.
8. Sylph.
Joseph P. Tumulty has gone to
New York from Washington, and is
at the Waldorf-Astoria.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Mrs. Thorn Hostess
For Miss Let's.

| Mrs. Alfred Pembroke Thorn en-
| tertained at luncheon today at the
Shoreham in honor of Miss Gather.
| inc Let's, whose marriage to Fred
erick Henry Jones, of Youngstown,
Ohio, will take place at 4:30 o'clock
tomorrow afternoon. Mrs. Thorn s
guests who numbered eighteen. in
| cluded the members of the wedding
party and a group of out-of-to wn
| guests.
Mr.. and Mrs. John c. Let's are
entertaining at buffet supper
| party for their daughter at their
the members of the wedding party,
There will be rehearsal of the
wedding, afterwards Miss Let's will
| take the party and some additional
! guests to dance at lie Paradis.
| The company will include: Mr..
and Mrs. George D. Wick, Mr.. and
Mrs. CHRISTOPHER MCGEE, Miss Car
oIine Wick, Miss Pauline Jones.
Mrs Avery Adams, Frederick Hen
ry Jones, Neil Kennedy and Ernest
Travers, all of whom are OF
Youngstown, Ohio: Mrs. Joseph ID,
Roberts, Of Dunkirk. N. T.: Mrs.
william M. Guthrie, of st. Joseph,
Mo-; Miss Dorothy johnson, Miss
Josephine McSOTIHAch' JOlih rs
ley, Aubrey Wright, of New York.
Paul Caskey, of Boston; Norman
Brown, A. E. Wells, Allen Gartner
and George Ward.
Mr.. and Mrs. John E. Milhoiland,
of New York, entertained at lunch
con yesterday at the Lafayette
Hotel in compliment to William Jen-
nings BRYAN, former Secretary OF
state Mr.. and Mrs. Milholland will
be at the Lafayette for ten days
or a fortnight.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Pen Women to
Have MusicaI Sunday.

The monthly musical program
given by the District of Columbia
Branch of the League Of American
Pen Women has been announced
by Mrs. Irene Miller Chainey and
Mrs. Mary B. Parker, for Sunday
afternoon, from to 6 o'clock at
the club house, with several num-
bers of special interest. The fol-
lowing program has been announc-
ed: Miss Margaret Howard, piano
selections: Mrs. Edward D. Deeds,
reader; Mr.. Coyle, vocalist.
George j. Zolnay will speak and
Mrs. Amos A. Fries, chairman of
the program committee. will pre-
side. The tea will be the last of
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

avenue. when Mrs. Ernest Thomp.
son-Seton, second national Vice
president of the league, who has
just returned from China and Jap
an, where she has been accumulAt.
ing material for a new book, will
come to Washington from New
York to speak on her books and
her travels. Mrs. Edward Nelson
Dingley, will speak on THE Life
and Work of Elizabeth Stuart
Phelps" Open discussion is to fol.
low each review.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Miss Laird to
Wed DR.. SfeUens.

Miss Mary Laird was the guest
of honor at a dinner given by some
of her friends at the Women's City
Club last evening, when her engage
ment to William II. s. Stevens, Phi
D., was announced. Mrs. Ella
Davis Lewis presided, the guests
being Miss Flora Hoff, Miss Olive
Beatty, Miss Jessie Lane, Miss
Mary Black, Miss Hazel Swift, Miss
Harriet Cheney, Judge Mary
O'Toole, Miss Florence Fraser Stiles
and Miss Julia Bannigan.
Major Oliver Newman was hos
at luncheon yesterday at tlit
| Shoreham.
Mrs. Stilson Hutchins, of 4 New
York. is at the Hamilton Hote
for a lengthy visit.
Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cooke en-
tertained at dinner last evening ir
| the Willard.
Mrs. Milton c. Elliott had guests
for luncheon yesterday at the
Shoreham. a~
Mrs. Morris Ernest Locke, who
| has been in New York for sevara
! days, returned to town yesterday
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

the Sunday afternoon functions. un
til the season reopens in October.
Though the Sunday, afternoon
teas will be suspended after the
Sunday musicale, the District of
Columbia Branch of the League
will continue holding the book re-
view luncheons and dinners until
further notice. A luncheon of in.
terest to all women writer's. and
readers, has been announced by
Mrs. Neyle Colquitt, chairman Of
the iuncheons, for Tuesday after
noon, May I, at $50 Connecticut
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
BISURATED MACNESIA
HOLU to UnUeil That
Girlish Skin Underneath
By Using Ordinary MercOlIzed Wax

Any woman may easily rejuvenate her
complexion at home by a simple and
harmless process of gentle absorption. 1t
has been found that ordinary MercoliZed
Wax. applied like cold cream at night.
causes the thin veil Of lifeless sallow or
blenished cuticle to flake off in aim Ost
Invisible particles. revealing the fresh.
vigorous and beautiful young skin under
meath. The process defies detection.
For this purpose thousands of women
are now using Mercolized Wax, obtaining
IL at the drug store in original one-ounce
package. Naturally this method also
removes such = surface bIemishes as
frsckles pimples. liver spots. moth
patches, etc. 1t certainly ma kes the face
look years younger.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Woner's Club to
Haze Tea Today.

A tea is being given at the Ma
tional University Women's Club,
1884 ! street. this afternoon for
women from the Pacific Coast Col
leges and the colleges of the Rocky
Mountain section. Mrs. Herbert
Hoover is expected to be present
to give a word of welcome, and
two songs will be sung by their
writer's, one on the State of Wash
ington and one on California.
Tomorrow afternoon an Italian
Punch and Judy Show will be given
at the club for the children of
members and their guests, by Mrs.
Fernando Cuniberti, assisted by Miss
Margaret Merrill,
s.
: DR.. and Mrs O. ~ Wallace have
arrived from Pittsburgh to spend
several days at The Lee House.
s.
Mrs. Robert II. Lovett and Mrs
Eliot G. Lovett will be at home this
afternoon at the formers residence
from 4:30 to o'clock, in honor of
their guest, Mrs. Harry r. Wagner
of st. Louis.
The ladies at the tea table will be
Mrs. G. r. Vought. Mrs. w. l.. Cole,
Mrs. Robert e. Kline, Mrs. Frank
Carnahan. Mrs. Winifred Ellis. Miss
Dorothy Yates, Mrs. Roy Neuhauser
and Miss Jeanette Carnahan..
Mrs. Lovett will be at home again
tomorrow afternoon.
Miss Didi Mus, formerly of
Washington, but now of New York,
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Mrs. Harding Pays
Honor to Girl
Scouts
BY JEAN ELIOT.

T N inviting the Girl Scouts to
hold their final meeting at
\ the White House today, Mrs.
harding was not going contrary
to her physicians directions mo
receptions For this meeting
wasn't a reception at all. The
Scouts, who have been in con-
vention up at Wardman Park
Hotel for several days, simply as
sernbled in the grounds back of
the White House for the closing
ceremonies Of their session, which
were brief and consisted principal
ly in the singing of Scout songs
Mrs. Harding looking on from a
coign of vantage on the south
veranda of the Executive Mansion
and waving her greetings to the
members of the organization of
which she is the honorary preSi-
dent.
The First Lady's interest in the
work of the organization among
girls has always been keen, and it
has grieved her that she was not
able to attend any of the meetings
or to entertain the delegates at
the White House You see, it is
no empty honor when Mrs. Hard
ing lends the dignity of her name
to an organization, but a sign that
she is actually working for it's sue
cess. So at the last the plan car
ried out today was hit upon as
happy compromise, and the dele
gates to the Girl Scout conference
were given glimpse OF their hon.
orary chief.
DR.. G. T. Harding, jr., brother
of President Harding, whose home
is at Columbus, Ohio, is at the AM
bassador Hotel, Atlantic City, for a
visit.
DLANS are being made for a
! house warming cruise aboard
the giant LeviathaI1, to start some
time in mid-June, which should
be one of the most delightful OF
the numerous junkets in which
the official world Is interested.
The passenger list of the Levi
athan's first bona fide voyage
under the American flag-she
sails on July 4-reads like a
cross section of the social register.
But this trip is strictly q business
proposition and it is for her trial
trip, a five-day cruise to Cuba,
that guests are being invited.
1t has not yet been deter
mined whether or not ladies are
to be included. 1t was not in
tended at first that they should
be, but-the best laid plans Of
mice and men. Several hum
dred invitations are to be issued,
however, to notable men in
private and public life for the
cruise, during which everything
from engine rooms and navigat-
ing equipment to the cuisine and
steward service will be tested.
The former pride of the German
merchant marine is at present at
Newt News, but will be taken
to Boston shortly to be cleaned
and painted in the drydock at the
navy yard. 1t is there, too that
all her interior equipment will be
installed. Then she will then be
ready in every respect except for
the naming Of her biggest suites,
on which Shipping Board geniuses
are still puzzling.
/ understand that the Speaker
of the House and Mrs. Gillett and
Congressman and Mrs. Nicholas
Longsworth are among those who
have made reservations for the
LeViathan's maiden voyage.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

will remain in Washington for the
present.
Mrs. William Corcoran Eustis en-
tertained a small company of young
people informally at dinner last
evening for her daughter, Miss
Margaret Eustis.
Mrs. Eustis and her family will
leave some time next week for
'Oatlands," their place in the coun-
try near Leesburg, where they will
be throughout the spring.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Gen. and Mrs. Smith
To Visit Canal Zone.

Brig. Gen. Harry A. Smith, L.
S. A, and Mrs. Smith are at the
Hotel Aston in New York, to re-
main until Saturday, when they
will sail for a months trip to Cuba,
the Panama canal zone and Costa
Rica.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
Washington. Barracks
To Haze Dance.

The officers stationed at the
washington barracks will entertain
at a dinner dance at the Officers
Club there this evening. Among
those who will have guests dining
with them are Col and Mrs. c. ID.
Bricker, Col. and Mrs. W.. p.
Chamberlin, Col. and Mrs. A. q.
Lott, Col. and Mrs. w. q. Peace,
Col. and Mrs. s. G.. Embick, Col.
and Mrs. Andrew Moses, Col. and
Mrs. G. II. Estes, Col and Mrs.
c. d. Heron, Col and Mrs. George
Grunert, Col. and Mrs. A. A. star
bird, Major and Mrs. Charles Keller
and Major and Mrs. A. w. Lane.
Miss Frances Sullivan, Of Phila-
delphia, is the guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. o. II. p. johnson for several
days, having come to attend the
dance given by the italian am
bassador, Prince Caetahi, on We'd
nesday night.
David Edward Findlay will be
host at dinner this evening. He
will entertain a company of four
teen at his residence in r street.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
German Cardinal Guest
At Mans Dinner.

The German ambassador, DIR.
Wiedfeldt, entertained a company
lat dinner last evening in compli-
ment to Cardinal Faulhaber, Of
Munich. The guests included the
Undersecretary of State, Mr.. Phil
lips; the minister of Switzerland,
Mr.. Peter; the minister of Sweden,
Captain Wallenberg; the minister Of
Bulgaria, Mr.. Panaretoff; the charge
d'affaires of Austria, Mr.. Prochnik;
the apostolic delegate. Archbishop
Pietro F'umasoni- Biondi; the Right
Rev. Thomas J. Shahan; the presi-
dent of Georgetown University, the
Rev. John B. Creeden; the auditor
of the apostolic delegation, Mgr.
Aluigi Cossio; Mgr. c. F. Thomas,
of st. Patrick's; Mgr. George
Dougherty, vice rector Of Catholic
University; the Rev. Henry Shoe
maker. of Catholic University; the
Rev. S. Kunig, c. e. Mcguire. Will
liam r. Castle, r., the counselor 0f
the embassy, DR.. Hans Dieckhoff,
and the third secretary of the en-
bassy, Baron Plessen.
-
The Persian minister Mira Hus-
sein Khan Alai, entertained a COM
pany at dinner last evening, in
honor of the Counselor of the
Polish Legation and Nine. Kwapis-
sewska. The guests included Major
and Mrs. George Oakley Totten, Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Simonds, Mrs. John
Stewart McLennan, Mrs. Morris
Evans, Miss Meta Evans, Prince
)Radziwill, OF the Polish legation,
and the secretary of the Persian
! LEGATION Abdullah Khan EnteZam.
The minister will entertain at tea
Saturday.
=
The retiring Secretary of the
| Italian Embassy and Nine. Celesia
were the guests at luncheon today
| of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bell
G.nraar,a1r This nNaKaincn Nj Ga t.darnaa
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mrs. Robert HinckIey will go to
Rehoboth Beach Monday and will
sail from New York Saturday for
France. where she will spend the
summer with her son+n-law and
daughter. Mr.. and Mrs. Percival
McCeney Werlich.
Robert Hinckley, jr., has post
poneda his return to France and
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Miss Grace Abbott, who is in
charge of the Children's Bureau, re.
turned aboard the steamship Presi.
dent Monroe, after attending a con.
ference at Geneva.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mr.. and Mrs. Perry Heath will
sail on Tuesday next for Italy, Wis
iting Florence, Venice and Milan.
They will spend August and Sep
TENDER in Switzerland.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

The entertainment committee of
the Women's City Club. will give a
dance, in the clubhouse, % jackson
place tomorrow evening, at 9
o'clock.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
General Treat Returns
From European Trip.

Gen. C. j. Treat, L. 8. A., re-
tired, who during the war COM
manded the American military
forces in Italy, has just returned
from a vacation trip through Eu-
rope with Mrs. Treat. General
Treat visited General Allen for
some weeks, prior to the latter's
leaving Coblenz for the United
States. The two army officers were
classmates during the West Point
days, and have continued the
friendship formed. there.
Mr.. and Mrs J. H. Seaverns, of
London, are at the Hamilton Hotel
for an extended stay. They are
accompanied by J. M. Fowler
Seaverns, of London.
The marriage of Miss Mamie
Triplette, of Overall, Va, to Ray
Allen Blosser, Of Luray, Va, took
place at the Epiphany Lutheran
Church at noon on Wednesday. The
ceremony was performed by the
Rev. w. c. Waltemeyer.
The bride wore a travelling suit Of
gray twill, with a small gray hat to
match.
The church was decorated with
pink and white snapdragons and
palms The wedding march was
played by Mrs. l. B. Dodson
A wedding breakfast was held fol-
lowing the ceremony at the home Of
Mr.. and Mrs. John F. Stowell, zoos
Adams Mill road.
81
Colonel and Mrs. Frederick Cole
man will entertain a company of
twenty-four at supper, followed by
bridge this evening.
s.
Miss Charlotte Freeman Clarke
left yesterday to motor to Bethle-
hem. Pa, and will attend Junior
Week" at Lehigh University.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Fitzhugh will
| be dinner hosts at the Hotel Hamil-
ton tonight.
| Mr.. and Mrs. D. S. Watson. of
Chicago, are at the Lee House for
the rest Of the week
s.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mr.. and Mrs. d. S. Watson, OF
Chicago. are at the Lee House for
the rest Of the week
The Washington times., 1923-04-27
ACIDS IN STOMACH
CAUSE INDIGESTION
Risurated Magnesia Ends Acidity. Gives
Instant Relief to a Bad Stomach.

nA8uF0tCu A0dBH69la GLHuB fACIuAty" OANCD
Instant Relief to a Bad Stomach.
Medical authorities state that nearly
nine-tenths of the cases of stomach trou-
bic, indigestion, sourness, burning, gas,
bloating, nausea. etc, are due to an ex-
cess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
and not as some believe to lack of di-
gestive juices. The delicate stomach lin
ing is irritated, digestion is delayed and
food sours. causing the disagreed BILE
symptoms which every stomach sufferer
knows well.
Artificial digestents are not needed in
such cases and may do real harm Try
laying aside all digestive aids and in
stead get from any druggist a few
ounces of Bisurated Magnesia and take
teaspoonful in a quarter glass of water
right after eating. This sweetens the
stomach, prevents the formation of ex-
cess acid and there is no sourness, gas
or pain. Bisurated Magnesia Gin powder
or tablet fOrm-neVer liquid or milk is
harmless to the stomach, inexpensive to
take and is the most efficient form of
magnesia for stomach purposes. 1t is
used by thousands of people who en-
joy. their meals with no more fear of
indigestion,
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

The retiring Secretary of the
Italian Embassy and Nine. Celesia
were the guests at luncheon today
of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bell
Sweeney. This evening Mr.. Cardenas.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mrs. Morris Ernest Locke, who
has been in New York for several
days, returned to town yesterday.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Miss dbl Mus, formerly of
Washington, but now of New York,
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Fitzhugh will
be dinner hosts at the Hotel Hamil
ton tonight.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mrs. Milton c. Elliott had guests
for luncheon yesterday at the
Shoreham. 4.~
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

DR.. and Mrs. O. n Wallace have
arrived from Pittsburgh to spend
several days at The Lee House.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mr.. and Mrs. J. Fl. Seaverns, of
London, are at the Hamilton Hotel
for an extended stay. They are
accompanied by J. M. Fowler
GeovornG Of London
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Miss Charlotte Freeman Clarke
left yesterday to motor to Bethle-
hem, Pa, and will attend Junior
Week" at Lehigh University.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cooke en-
tertained at dinner last evening ir
the Willard.
The Washington times., 1923-04-27

Mrs. Stilson Hutchins, of New
York. is at the Hamilton Hotel
for a lengthy visit.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-04-18
FIRST INVADERS OF AMERICAN GOLF WORLD BEGIN TRIP

NEW YORK, April 17.-Seeking new laurels and commissioned with the defense of those already won, nine representatives of the first flight of American amateur golfers sailed for England today. Best known of these were Robert A. Gardner of Chicago, Francis Ouimet and S. Davison Heron. former Amer ican amateur champions. and Jess sweetzer, the present title holder.
 This quartet. with George V. Ro- tan of Houston, Tex; Dr. O. F. Willing of Portland, Ore; Fred Wright, Los Angeles; Max Marston, Philadelphia. and Harrison R. John ston of St. Paul, are members of the Walker cup team, which will defend the trophy won by Americans from last year. The play for the cup this year will be on the links at St. An drews, Scotland, May 17 and IS.
 The Americans probably will meet an Oxford Cambridge team in a match at Rye. around May l. Then they will enter the British amateur championship at Deal, beginning May [, and end their tour with the cup matches at St. Andrews.
 All of the team. especially Sweet ger, sailed with hopes for laurels In the British amateur. This blue rib- bon prize of the links has been cap tured but once by an American, Wal ter J. Travis turning the trick in 1904.
 On the other side, the American invading forces will be strengthened by the addition of Reginald M. Lewis of Greenwich, Conn.,. who with New file Is a candidate to fill the team vacancy left by the eleventh hour cagO.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-04-18
Colbert County Cops
 From Cullman Twice

LEIGHTON. Ala, April l7.-(Spe- cial.)-The Colbert County High school baseball team won their ninth and tenth straight games by defeating the Cullman High school squad in two battle royals, scores teams were keyed to the highest throughout the two contests. Gais- ser, local twirler pitched two-hit game, his fourth in as many starts and made five players whiff the air.
 Gaisser's effectiveness with run ners on was the bright spot of his play. The locals secured five hits off the Cullman twirler. Aycock leading in this department with two scorching hits and two sacrifices out of four trips to the plate. Hot stuff" Doan sent a walloping three bagger to right in the sixth. His fielding was superlative, making several sensational catches in right. For Cullman Waller and Williamson were credited with their two hits, pitched a fine brand of ball. Scores: First game: R. HE. Culman High 1000 100 ooo-1 2 Colbert High ..00O 300 o0x-3 1
 Batteries: Edmcnson and Waller; Gaisser and Harris. Empires Preuit and Felton.
 Second game: R. H. E. Cullman High. 900 100 ooo-2 2
 Batteries: Sapp and Waller; Ay- cock and Harris. Empires, Felton and Dwight.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-04-18
Greenuille Will Meet
 Aqqies In First Game

GREENvILLE, Ala, April IT, ecial.)-Greenville baseball fans will have the opportunity of wit messing the seasons first baseball game on Wednesday. whom the But Ter county high will meet the Ev- ergreen AAgies.
 Coach Gewin has built up strong team and he expects his men to give some real classy exhibitions.
 He has announced that he will probably use the following line-up: Baby Stabler, third base: Johnson shortstop; Speir, catcher; Zeigler pitcher; Grady Williams, center; Pope, second base; Massey, left fild; George Williams. right field: Black, first base; Howard, Dees and Kern, utility.