davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
POTATOES WITH BLACKHEART
Causes of Development OF Dark Brown
Areas Are overheatlno and
insufficient Air.

0verheatins and insufficient ventila-
ton are often the causes OF the de-
velopment Of dark brown or black
areas In the center of potatoes. COM
monty known as blackheart. Even po-
tatoes stored In pits out of doors fire.
quently develop ~blackheart because of
lack OF ventilation. Potatoes shipped
long distances In cold weather may also
be affected IL a car becomes over.
heated. University Farm potato men
say this disease and others peculiar
to the storage season can be avoided
by handling and storing the tubers un
der proper conditions. Ask the Office
Of Publications. University Farm. st.
Paul, for pamphlets on storing.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

A plan similar TO the community
council plan was used recently when
a group of men from various bureaus
was brought together TO consider the
question of the use of peat as a soil
improver or fertilizer. As n result
of all the Information brought togeth-
er and discussed from various angles
the department decided to make a
public statement TO the effect that
pent has a very low fertillzing value,
contrary to the claims frequently made
by those wishing to sell IL for fer
~tilizer.
1t is thought that the council plan
VIII result in getting out prompt rec.
concentrations in emergencies and
farmers and others viii be able to get
a concise view of the departments
stand and the reasons for making rec
concentrations.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
DIPPING EGGS WILL
PREVENT BAD TASTE
Flavor Disappears When I'M
mersed in Preserving Fluid.
Disagreeable odors Absorbed From
Filters and Flats Becoming Slightly
Moist-Summer Product Is to
Sc Preferred.

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agricoiture-}
Probably the best founded reason
for prejudice against c~old-storags
eggs has to do with flavor. Everyone
recognizes the "cold storage taste"
This TASTE" say the specialists in
the bureau Of chemistry. United States
Department Of Agriculture, develops
in eggs that have been In storage for
several months. and Is especially no
ticeable when they are soft-boIled or
poached. The flavor is not so marked
In the white MS In the yolk, which con-
tains a large percentage of fat. IL is
known that fats have IN affinity for
odors and fiavors. The facts Indicate
that the cold storage taste Is due to
the absorption of surrounding odors.
when closed the storage room
itself has some odor. as have also the
cases and excelsior. but the straw
board filters and fats have an odor
more nearly resembling that found in
come slightly damp in storage. due TO
the absorption of moisture evaporat-
ing from the eggs and the air of the
room. and acquire a stronger odor
thar when dry. Experiments show
that when eggs are protected from air
by Immersion In a preserving fluid.
and held in cold storage, the typical
seaad1fofusp tuS Ntfrvefuns
This proves almost concluslvely that
the objectionable taste is a flavor abb
sorbed by the eggs"
Dirty and cracked eggs. the poultry
specialists say. absorb this flavor more
quickly and to a greater extent than
do eggs with clean shells. Although
summer eggs usually do not keep so
well in storage as spring eggs, they
are preferable In winter from the
point of view of flavor. because they
have not been held In storage so long
as the spring eggs. A storage taste"
usually can be found in April stock
in November; In May eggs In Deem
Der: In June eggs In January, and In
July eggs In February.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

wheat bran and oats. equal parts, be
ing excellent at hat time. IL the own
err is nbie to calculate the exact day
on which the cow Is 10 calve. nothing
Is better as n feed than a bran mash.
On calving day the COW will probably
not eat much feed. but this need cause
no alarm.
Although II Is not necessary for the
attendant TO be present at calyingN time,
he should be nearby to judge whether
she needs assistance or not. immedi-
ately after fr%eshenlng the cow should
be offered lukewarm water and a warm
bran mash. The attendant should keep
close watch of the COW after she fresh
ems 10 be sure that the afterbirth Is
not retained. Should she still retain
II "a hours after f~reshening. an inexpe-
rienced man should call In a yeieri-
marian.
Because the vitality of the COW Is
lowest at calving time she must be
kept away from drafts. The ration
for the first few days should be light,
and II there is any Inflammation In the
udder. 1t is usually a good rule to
take two weeks getting her on TO fun
feed.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
LIME SUPPLY FOR CHICKENS
Experiments Have Demonstrated That
Other Minerals VIII Not Take
Its Place.

Feeding experiments with poultry
conducted over a number of years
in which an effort was made to sub
stitute other mineral elements for
lime In the ration are said to have
demonstrated that other minerals Will
not take the place OF lime and that
II this element is lacking In the food
the demands Of the body will be met
by drawing on the lime stored up
In the bones and muscles of the fowl.
II was also found that both lime and
phosphorus are more easily taken
from the bones OF the living animal
than from dead bone ash fed to
the animal.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
DAIRY
POINTS
Rules for ~Dairynar.

Always weigh the feed. Don't
guess.
Avoid overlooking. Oyerfeed-
ing Is sure to result In scours.
BE scrupulously clean. Clean
pens. clean bedding and clean
feed fed In vessels that are
washed and sterIlized daily are
absolutely necessary.
Give the calves plenty of clean
water 10 drink.
In feeding milk or Cruel, use
a thermometer; don't guess at
the temperature.
Watch the condition of the
calls bowels. At the first APP
pearance CT securing or often
sive odor, reduce the feed and
treat for scours.
BE regular in the various OPP
eratlons performed In caring for
the calves.
Tie the calves up so they a
be fed separately.
Give them as much exercise
us possible.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture)
Good results In egg production cam
not be obtained when the flock Is o n
fined during the entire year, according
to tests that have been made by the
United States Department OF Agricul-
ture, The department has kept a pen
of 80 Rhode Island Red pullets and
one of 30 White Leghorn puIlets o n
fined In poultry houses throughout the
year, giving them a good variety OK
feed, including sprouted oats and al
falfa meal. the latter being used In the
mash These trials have extended over
three years and the result has always
becSethe same-lower egg production
and excessive mortality.
The Leghorns stood the confinement
much better than the Rhode Island
Reds. but even In this cnse the produc-
ton was too low to be profitable. In
the different years the pens averaged
from 90 to 108 eggs per hen, while the
other hens on the farm. given good
yards or free THHEH RxHaHrea from Z
AAJ{14
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
COMMODITY COUNCIL
PLAN GAINING FAVOR
New Way of Handling Certain
Big Agricultural Problems.
Specialists In Culture of Crops, In
Soils, Pests, Grading and Market
ina Each Contribute to Final
Recommendations

Prepared by the United States Department
of Axriculture-)
The Commodity council plan is the
name given to a new way of handling
certain of the big agricultural prob
lens by the United States Department
of Agriculture. In the past different
phases of a crop situation, for In
stance, have been handled separately
by the various bureaus and offices. The
new plan which recently has been
put into operation brings all the vari-
Gus persons interested In the problem
together into a council where each
may present his views and where a
definite inclusive policy may be de-
cided upon.
Already councils have been called
to discuss the cotton and potato situ-
uations and recommendations have
been made for action that would be
beneficial In view of present condi-
tions- Department men who are spe-
c~ialists In the culture Of the crops, In
Soils, diseases, pests, grading and mar
keting each contribute to the final
IfoAh INV " tH'N
other commodity councils will be called
to AXE up problems that are toubling
the producers of various other crops
and live stock
: As a result of the Potato council II
is expected hat the usual waste and
loss resulting when a very large crop
Is raised may be greatly reduced. The
per capita consumption Of potatoes In
the United States is usually about 81
bushels. but this year enough potatoes
have been produced to supply each
person with about tour bushels. Be
cause of this situation, which was dis
~couragfng to potato r~aisers, the de
partment, through this council, made
recommendations, which were sent out
to the principal potato producing
states The council recommended that
farmers be advised to carefully grade
their crops and ship only the best,
suggesting that IL all Of the crop, in
Guiding culls. were shipped, food would
rot or spoil In the central market or
in transit. markets would be glutted
and the price forced down to a ruin
Gus level. Such marketing would re-
suit In much waste all along the line
from the field to the market. The
council Also made recommendations
the utilization Of the poorer pota-
toes and culIs kept on the farm, such
storing for future marketing, feed
ing to live stock and. In certain local.
ties, selling TO starch and -four fac-
1t was also the advice of the
council that fields be picked
clean of culls and diseased tubers so as
to protect succeeding crops from dis
ease.
Another group Of department men
vas called together by the assistant
secretary to take up the problems OF
the cotton farmers. These men are
working on the problem of what the
apartments policy shall be for the
in making recommendations
Tor fighting the boil weevil. the devel,
OF one-varsety cotton comnuni-
the growing of q diversity OF
yxx3frn str y
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
ADRYv cow NEEDS GOOD CARE
To BE In Condition to Produce Thrifty
Calf Animal Must Be Fed
Quite Literally

Extra good care through the win
ter months must be given the adry"
COW IL abe IL to be In condition to
produce a good calf
Many farmers turn these dry COWS
but and make them get what they can
from corn stalks, when they should
be getting = ration that Is building
up their bodies.
Often cows have had q long iacts-
ton period and their bodies are lean
and they should be fed plenty Of al
galfa hay and silsge- A ine rstion
IL made up Of three parts Of ground
oats. two parts Of brsn- n part OF
oIInseaI and IN much ground corn ms
The conditson II the co.'s dezu nsBs
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
Hints for Pruning

I. Proper pruning gives more
and better fruit.
2. Ii costs less to spray and
pick a well pruned tree.
3. All varieties are not pruned
alike.
f. Heavy pruning tends to In
crease wood growth, and may be
used to ~rejuvenate a rundown
tree.
s. Light pruning tends to In
crease fruit production.
8. The growing habit Of a tree
varies with age.
t. Waterspronfs are usually
the result Of heavy pruning.
Those sprouts neal the base of
the scaroId limbs may be tipped
back and caused 10 produce
fruit
s. A limb grows more from
the tip buds than from the lateral
buds.
8. Fruit may be thinned by
pruning.
10. Pruning wounds need to
be painted In Quebec.
IL. Keep the top OF tree some
what open. Light helps to make
extra fancy fruit.
IL. II the buds On your peach
trees have been killed and the
fruiting wood is In the upper
third of the top "dehorn" your
trees back heavily to limbs one
inch I'm diameter.
l3. Learn the principles OF
pruning. the details will vary
with the tree.
IL. common sense and good
judgment will help q great deal.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

hens are not used for breeding. Hens
kept as breeding stock should be given
as much freedom as possible, and 1t is
the policy of the department to let
their hens cut every day regardless Of
the weather.
In these fiocks that were kept penned
up during the entire year there was a
death rate Of almost so per cent In the
case Of the Rhode Island Reds, and -
per cent in the Leghorn flock. Most
OF this loss occurred during the sum
mer and fall months. Normal NOR
tally In good-slzed fiocks kept IN yards
or given free range Averages about 10
per cent. according to the departments
experience. The mortality is usually
higher with generalpurpose breeds
than with the Leghorns.
Yard Space for Hens.
There is no definite amount OF yard
space that must be supplied for hens,
but the larger the yard the better.
More hens can be kept on a certain
space on light, sandy soil than on heavy
aeA Aeeau-esee gil sg r. As01s sAS
lily cleansed by rain and sunshine.
Where only small space is available 1t
Is advisable to use the double-yard
system so that one yard can be used
In growing a crop, while the other is
used for the poultry. Alternating the
use Of these two yards for the hens
keeps the soil In good condition and
does not endanger the health of the
hens.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
Plan for Summer Ice

Ny, how hot it was last sum-
mer. Didn't that Ice you brought
over from neighbor Smiths
help d lot to make the lemonade
refreshingf Didn't mother say
she wished that she had ice to
use right along7 She was sure
IL would save a lot Of food from
being wasted You thought at
the time you'd see about putting
up some ice next winter.
II there Ia to be ice next sum-
mer II is now time to plan on
where Ii ia Is to be stored to be
convenient Ii does not take
very complicated shelter 10 store
Ice IL plenty of sawdust or
pIaner chips are used OF course.
a good icebouse that Is well
built and permanent Ia an adj
difion to the farm buildings Of
which the owner msx well be
proud
Plans for an icehouse may be
seen In the ONCE Of the county
agent. and he will gladly tell
you where they may be obtained
III. H. White. assistant profes-
sor Of farm buildings. Univer-
slfy OF Minnesota.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
L0nG-HANBLED NET is HANDY
Matter Of Capturing Chicken for Fam
lily Dinner Made Easy With
Device illustrated.

Who has not seen the farmer, his
wife, the hired man and one or more
children engaged in the exciting chase
for the chicken which Is TO be served
for the family dinner. All around the
yard. oye the fence, under the barn,
through the garden, until somebody
luckily falls upon 1t. An easier way
is to make a long-handled net, using
a sound. well-made barrel hoop. An
old hammock makes a fine net for this
purpose. The net should be about
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
Gate Is Permanently Closed.

nal. 1t is made of two by eight-inch
pianks with about a slx-inch space be-
tween planks to keep animals from
walking over II. BY having a grad
ual slope a car can pass over 1t very
easily. Besides requiring no getting
In and out of the car by the driver.
such a gate always is closed and there
fore is proof against the neglect OF
drivers who fail to close gates behind
them.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
COWS IN HEALTHY CONDITION
When ~Freshsnina They Are Better
Fitted for Years Work In Pro-
duction of MIX.

Cows that are In good condition
when they freshen are best fitted TO
do their years work in milk produc-
ton. They start with a greater milk
flow and milk longer than those start
ing their lactation period In poor con-
dition.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
CURE FEATHER EATING HABIT
indication That Fowls Are After Ger
tain Glasses Of Foods They
Are Not Getting.

The reason that fowls eat feathers
Is due TO the fact that they are after
certain classes of foods which they
need but are not getting. This class
Of food Is represented by any form Of
milk, ~tankage. meat scraps. cotton
seed meal, peanut meal, or alfalfa
pasturage. II one or more of the above
feeds are furnished them In sufficient
quantities they will get over this
habit.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
SHEEP AND lbMB
Increase Of $4,000 Head Noted for
First Nine Months Of Year-Re-
ceipts Decreased.

Shipments Of sheep and lambs back
to the country for feeding showed an
Increase during the first nine months
of this year Of 355.00O head. or more
than 81 per cent. over the correspond
ing period Of last year, although there
was a decrease In market receipts OF
2,206. 600 head. or nearly 10 per cent,
according TO a report of the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
GATE THAT'S ALWAYS CLOSED
Contraption VIII Save Much Time for
Travellers Through Pastures Con-
tanning Stock.

A gate" like the one shown In the
drawing will save a great deal of time
for travellers where roads lead through
pastures containing stock, writes
Claude DIeckman of Dodge county,
Nebraska, in the Nebraska Farm Jour
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

two feet deep. Lay 1T down. mouth
up. put a few grains of corn on top,
pretend you are looking the other way,
and when a chicken steps on the net
TO pick out the corn, lift up suddenly,
tip II slightly TO one side. and you
have the fowl safe. II you are par
ticularly expert the net may be
lropped down over the bird.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
COWS NEED FEED REGULARLY
Good Practice to Put Grain Portion OF
Ration on SIlaos-Cows Won't
Eat Too Fast

Cows not only require plenty of feed
but they should be fed regularly for
best results. In feeding, 1t has been
found a good practice to put the grain
part Of the ration on the silage and
this will keep the COW from eating too
rapidly.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

The hens that were confined to the
house produced well during the win
ter months. but In the spring the yield
was only fair and during the summer
production almost ceased. Many poul-
trymen keep hens used for egg produc-
ton confined during the winter months,
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

tice of going from farm to farm with
the stallion during the breeding sea-
son. as practlced in some localities
and countries, has proved very good.
often getting as high as 30 per cent
colt crops, while a great many men
think they are doing well If they get
65 per cent to rs per cent colt crops,
by the present method of close on
finement.
Work for Stallion.
The practice of working the stall
lion Is one of the most economical
ways Of inducing him TO take plenty
of exercise. OF course, during the
breeding season. the work should not
be too heavy. or the hours too long.
but light work is very beneficial.
After the breeding season is over, the
stallion nay be worked along with
the other horses and shown no favors,
and in this way help to pay for his
keep, as often where only a few
mares are kept, the stallion is rather
an expensive proposition. The most
common reason given for not working
the stallion is that they are too much
trouble, hut II the stallion is worked
all the time, most of them soon be-
come quiet and easily handled, and
give very little trouble.-R. f. Keiffer.
Asst. Professor Dept. Of Animal Hus-
bandry, Colorado Agricultural College.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
|DOUIIM MIF(
Good warm wheat makes q nice
breakfast for the biddies.

Good warm wheat makes a nice
breakfast for the biddies.
A good layer has a large abdomen
| covered with soft pIiable skin
Use a little more clean litter on the
floors. Keep the fowls hard at work.
Ii is a form Of health insurance.
The fancy poultry business pays
well but good judgment must be- er-
ercised.
The flock that gets bonemeal and
oyster shell viii show few cases of leg
weakness.
A good layer may be described as
A hen having q SOFT rich, red comb
and wattles. a prominent head, good
capacity, plenty OF fat. a soft, pliabie
ski.,, and In well faded out
Fowls that have been running out
may have needed no grit and may
even have got along without oyster
sbeIL but now that they are confined
all or much OF the time. a supply OF
these important Ingredients OF the ra-
tion should not b. neglected
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

Why lime the soii7 Because II
correcfs soil aeidity and enables
clover. alfalfa and other legumes 10
grow better.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

The principal grains fed to poultry
are corn, wheat. oats and barley. Corn
and wheat are the most popular, and
both are well reiished BY fowls
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18
STALLION NEEDS
RIGHT EXERCISE
Close Confinement Long Been
Given as Cause for Short
Crop of Young Animals.
KEEP ANIMAL IN CONDITION
oractice of Working Horse During
Breeding Season is Favored II Task
Is Not Too Heavy and Hours
Are Reasonable.

Probably no other animal OF the
farm is taken care of more carefully
than the stallion. and yet. when the
breeding season opens, he is often not
Ia condition.
Causes of Short Colt Crops.
The practice of keeping the stall
lion in close confinement has long
been given as one of the causes of
short colt crops. The ACCESSIBILITY of
giving the stallion plenty of exercise
cannot be overestimated. The prac-
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-01-18

Cooling Tank 10 Essential
Every farmer who milks COWS should
be ve q cooling tank.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-03-17
NOTICE TO VOTERS.

< The registration books for quail fed voters of the City of Juneau Territory of Alaska, for the yea nineteen hundred and twenty-thre 1923), are now open in tho Cit. Clerks Office i'll the City Hall, an, will remain open until Saturday March 31, 1923, at the hour of fivs o'clock P. NJ. of said day. All per- sons desiring to vote at the regular municipal election to be held April 3rd, 1923, should register now, as persons not registered will not be permitted to vote.
 That the qualifications for electors at said election are as follows:
 Any full citizen of the United States, either male or female, is en- titled to exercise the elective fran chise in the City of Juneau, pro- vided such persons shall be of the full age of twenty-one years, and who shall have been a bona-fide resident of the Territory of Alaska for one year, and of the City of Juneau for six months immediately preceding the date of election.
 Dated at Juneau, Alaska, this 18th day of February, 1923.
 A. E. GURR,
 Registration Officer. First publication, March 1. 1923. Last publication, March 31. 1928.
The Alaska daily empire., 1923-03-17
REPRESENTATIVES, AND SENATORS WILL SPEAK
 ON SUNDAY EVENING

The meeting of Senators and Rep resentatives at Douglas will take place Sunday evening at the Com munity Church as scheduled. The proposed trip of the Legislators te Sitka, which had caused the postpone mont, has been cancelled and there for they will be able to keep theil previous engagement at Douglas.
 A large attendance is expected oi these who are interested in the "Farthest North College" The speak CTS are coming in the interest of the Agricultural College and School oi Mines at Fairbanks Following is an outline of the program:
 Informal reception. 80 p. m.
 Address of Welcone-Mayor Jame; Christoe.
 Solo-Mrs. Irene Cahill.
 Mitchell, F. A~ Gallwas, L. w. Xii burn.
 Piano Duet-Nisses Elizabeth anC Mamie Feusi.
 Addresses from Senators NJ. D Snodgrass, John w. Dunn, Repre- sentatives H. H. Ross. F. B. Johnson E. M Keys and Dan Callahan.
 Chorus-Junior girls.
 A cordial invitation is extended tl everyone interested in our state in stitutions to attend this meeting ant welcome the visitors to Douglas.