davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Some Crops Marketed
Earlier Than Others
Figures Gathered by De-
partment Workers.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricultural
A difference in the rapidity with
which leading farm grain crops are
marketed is shown by studies conduct
ed by the bureau of agricultural eco
Monies of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture Statistics on the
monthly marketings by farmers over a
five-year per- Cd, 1917-1922, show that,
while there is considerable variation in
marketing activity from month to
month, the tiye-year average is fairly
representative Of the market cOndi-
lions each season.
According to the figures gathered by
department. workers and volunteer crop
reporters stationed in the grain mar
kets of the country, 62.1 per cent or
the marketable amount Of the wheat
crop moves during the four months of
July, August, September and October.
while only 1913 per cent of the oats
crop marketed during the year moves
during the same months. Similar fig-
ures gathered for the four peak mar
ket months for the corn crop, namely,
December, January, February and
March, show that 47.2 per cent moves
while the rest is marketed gradually
through the remaining months OF the
year. The significant fact, in interpret
ing these figures, is, however, that
while nearly all wheat is sold except
that needed for seed, only small part
of the corn and oat crops actually
leave the farm.
The department has no figures to
show the monthly marketing by farm
ers of buckwheat, rice, the grain
sorghums, and kafir, but study OF the
market figures for barley over the five
year period shows that 51.9 per cent
of the annual market crop is sold dur
ing the first four months after harvest.
Unlike the other crops, the peak mar
ket months for f1axseed are September
October and November An average
of 592 per cent of the crop is sold dur
ing these three months, while 81 per
cent is marketed if December is IN
cluded.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Intestinal Worms Very
Harmful to Iowa Fowls

Many Iowa focks are being ruined
through the prevalence of intestinal
worms, according to R. T. Parlzhurst,
poultryman with the extension divi-
sion of Iowa State college. Such
worms cause nonproduction, lack Of
growth and oftentimes death, besides
making the birds susceptible to other
poultry ailments.
Birds affected with worms will be-
come thin, despite a good appetite,
and after a while grow listless and
dull. This is especially the case
where overcrowding occurs, as with a
large flock and small poultry house.
The best method to get rid of these
worms is to feed the chickens a tonic
made from II quarts of mash, either
dry or wet, mixed with one pound Of
epson salts and one pound of dry
sulphur. Give them daily for three or
four days all they will clean up in fen.
Or fifteen minutes.
1t is a good plan to see that all
refuse is removed from the quarters
and sanitary conditions are provided.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22

that these losses can be greatly re-
duced, If not almost entirely elimi-
mated, by exercising precaution in vim
tering the colonies. Successful win
tering with very little loss is possible
when a proper temperature is main
tanned, when liberal quantity Of good
stores is provided and when the bees
used for wintering are Of the right
age" says Wilson.
Need Young Queen.
There are two distinct periods in
carrying bees over winter, the first
extending from September until No
vember 20. During this period every
colony should have young queen not
more than two years old, whose maxi
mum egg-laying period has not been
reached. Plenty of good stores should
be provided during this time and the
bees allowed to arrange their own
brood nest. All feeding should be done
before the first of November in order
to give the bees a chance to thoroughly
ripen the honey, Wilson declared
The second period of winter care
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22

the famous International Live Stock
exposition at Chicago there viii be an
educational booth where the different
types Of corn will be on exhibition.
This display is being arranged by a
committee Of agronomists who will
submit samples of the types of corn
they consider the most satisfactory for
farmers to plant in their respective
territories The country is divided into
six regions and the experts have been
holding meetings in their sections dur
ing the summer and will have a final
roundup gathering at the time of the
show. These state representatives are
Prof. A. L. Stone of Wisconsin, Prof.
A. @. Army of Minnesota, Prof J. f..
Cox of Michigan, Mr.. L. H. Newman of
Canada. Prof. A. Z. Wiancko of In
diana, Prof. Wallace g. Hanger of
Ohio. Prof. Joe L. Robinson of Iowa,
Prof. G. A. Helm of Missouri, Prof. J.
G. Hackleman of Illinois, and Prof. T..
o. Call of Kansas. 1t is hoped that
the display arranged by this committee
will tend to unity the types and will
bring the adherents of the various
STYLES closer together so that stand
ard type for each region will be set up
that will include the best features of
each.
In the open classes of the grain and
hay show there are expected to be
nearly three thousand samples entered
by the champion corn raisers Of the
entire country. Cash prizes amounting
TO considerably over $4,000 for corn
alone are offered by the Chicago Board
of Trade in addition to numerous rib
bons and desirable trophies. A sep
arate competition will be held by mem
bers of the boys and girls corn clubs
TO determine the "Corn Prince or
"Corn Princess of the world. Re-
duced railroad rates will be in effect
on all lines entering Chicago for this
occasion and it is expected that a
third of a million visitors will throng
the metropolis to see the corn titles
awarded and the many other interest
ing features of the largest agricul-
tural and live stock show on the face
Of the globe.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
FAR EAST PLEASED
WITH BADGER cows

Echoes of Wisconsin's dairy farm
were heard from far-off Japan when
M. J. Kitahara of the Central Associa-
ton of Animal Industry, Japan, re-
Gently visited the state for the purpose
Of studying Badger dafrying methods
and the work of the Wisconsin Col
lege Of Agriculture. Japan's highest
record COW, he declared, is out of a
COW which was imported into Japan
from Jefferson county, Wisconsin.
But this one record does not stand
alone. Kitahara added that practical
" all of the record-producing stock in
Japan has Wisconsin ancestry in Its
blood lines. Dairying is slowly reach
ing sizeable proportions in japan and,
according to Kitahara, the Orientals
will continue to look to Wisconsin for
foundation stock Of high quality.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Satisfy laundering for
Early Onions in Spring

Did the laundering for those early
green onions strike you the first thing
last spring? And then were you able
to satisfy your hunger with onions
right from your own garden? The
folks who have bed of winter onions.
or, as others call them, perennial on
ions, or Egyptian onions, satisfied their
taste very nicely.
Suppose you get five or six pounds of
the sets and stick them in an out-of-
the-way corner of your garden where
the pillow will not turn them out. This
onion bed will be permanent and long
before the spring sets or the seed on
ions are ready to use you will have all
the early onions an average family can
possibly use.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
INDIVIDUALISM Is
CORPORATIONS BANE
Growth Is Retarded Because
There Are Not Enough Co
operators, Says MackIin.

'"The trouble with cooperation Is the
hack of co-operators."
That is the way Theodore Macklin,
of the Wisconsin College of Agricul-
ture sized up the situation at one OF
the sessions Of the recent Worlds
Dairy congress, and as proof OF his
claim he cited the history of the Wis
consin Cheese Producers federation,
which has been growing through al
most ten years. Growth has been re-
tarded,'' declared Macklin, because
expansion had to await the making of
co-operators out of highly individual
istic and independent dairymen.
"Even after people thought they
were co-operators enough to join the
organization, neither the leaders nor
the followers knew what policy to fol-
low in the operation Of the business.
AS q consequence, leaders hitherto I'M
trained in the technical business Of
cheese merchandising had to learn this
business and find out what they re-
garded as worth doing. This deter
mined, the mass of membership had to
be convinced that real, comprehen-
sive, co-opertive marketing system is
worth building, supporting and per-
fecting."
Conflicting Interests Blend Issues.
Macklin sees the atmosphere in Wis
consin logged today with the constant
propaganda of conflicting interests. In
the lack of courageous, clear, construc-
tive, and adequate education the
cheese producers are having hard
time making up their minds about
what to do. The prospects, he be-
as rapidly as the cooperative manage
ment is able to prove the worthiness
of the principle by it's results against
competitors.
The "doubtfng Thomases" were
taken down a bit when they learned
that Tillamook county, Oregon, cheese
outstrips the Wisconsin product by a
margin of four cents a pound on Uni
ted States markets. This advantage
which the western cheese enjoys is
directly traceable to the superior serv-
ice rendered by the cooperative or
ganizatlon employed in making, stand
ardizing and marketing of the product.
Organization Runs Smoothly.
Tillamook's organization has ex-
celled the Badger cooperative system
because they have consolidated their
cheese factories into larger enter
prises, well able to meet the addition
al expense of employing only first
class cheesemakers. These men in
turn are enthusiastic and work In
teams of % to rigidly standardize their
total output.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Control Currant Pests
During Dormant Period

San Jose scale, well known to near
Nv every orchardist, is a serious pest
on currants and somewhat less on
gooseberries, but it can readily be con-
troIIed. A good spraying with lime
sulphur solution during the dormant
period will clean this off. If not
familiar with this disease, it can be
recognized by the small white specks
that grow in the bark, looking as if it
had been busted with white or gray
powder.
There are several other pests The
imported currant worm is about three
fourths of an inch long, green with
yellow tips. They appear first in early
spring as soon rs the leaves are out,
and there is one other brood, and
sometimes a third later in the season.
They devour the foliage. These are
readily destroyed by an arsenlcal
poison. By catching the first brood
there will be little trouble later in the
season.
The currant aphis, a form Of plant
louise, sucks the sap and curls the
leaves. 1t is easily controlled by spray
ing with an oil emulsion spray or
nicotine solution. The insect is found
clustered on the lower surface of the
leaves.
The currant borer works up and
down inside of the stems of the old
wood, not being visible but showing
evidence of it's presence by the weak
ened, sickly condition of the stem. The
way to control it is to cut out the
weak, sickly stems each fall or spring.
which should be done anyway, whether
there is borer present or not.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Suckers on Apple Trees
Not Good for Grating

Suckers on apple trees are not
suitable for grating purposes, as they
are not usually well enough matured.
Woods for grating should be well ma
tured; that is, they should have a
good deal of food material stored in
their growth and in stable forms, and
should also be cut when this food is
in dormant condition. The suckers
are usually tender wood and inclined
to be "sappy." Roots of the proper
size may be taken off cid trees when
in a dormant condition and be used for
winter or dormant grating.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Watch for EelWorm
Damage to Alfalfa
Farmers Are Urged to OBJ
serve Fields and Eradi.
cate Pest.
Prepared by the United States Department

Prepared by the United States Department
Of Agricultural
Alfalfa growers in America are
urged by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture to watch their
fields Of alfalfa for the appearance of
"sick spots" which may be caused by
the presence of parasitic eelworm
and to take prompt and aggressive
measures for graduating the pest
whenever found. The eelWorm disease
is caused by the alfalfa stem nema-
tode which is proving to be an ex-
tremely dangerous pest.
The disease is manifested by thin
ming out of the alfalfa in spots in the
field, due to the dying of some Of the
plants. This leaves poor stand of
dwarfed plants, with reduced num-
Der of stems, some Of which may be
more or less yellowed and distorted.
A close examination shows that the dis
ease is localized in the crown Of the
plant. Stems are swollen at the base
and brown in color. They are often
brittle and easily broken off; in fact,
this brittleness is one of the means 0.
easy diagnosis.
Examining "Sick Spots"
When examining "sick spot in
field for the possible presence of the
disease, one should take into consid-
GRAFTON more than one of the symp-
toms listed, say department workers.
A thin spot may be caused by variety
of other factors, such as poor initial
stand, too little or much water, the
presence of alkali in the soil, or to
some other disease. The surest symp-
toms by which the eelworm disease
may be recognized are the swollen
buds and sprouts and the enlarged
Drowned stems already mentioned.
Badly diseased plants show a distinct
rotting of the stem bases and crown,
with some or all Of the stems COM
pletely killed.
The disease has not been located in
America in a great many places as yet
and it has not been under observation
for long enough time to determine
Just how damaging it might be in this
country. But in view of the fact that
it causes serious losses in all other
countries where it occurs and because
it is very readily spread, the depart
nsea. is anxious that 81 places Ct IN
festation be located as soon as possible
and methods of eradication put into
effect. Specimens of suspected ma
terial should be sent in promptly to the
department at Washington for identl-
fication, together with an account OF
the extent to which the disease occurs.
Prevent Spread of Disease.
Because the disease is easily spread
by irrigation water. infested hay, farm
implements, wind, and birds, it follows
that the wise practice is to prevent It
becoming established. Eradication can
be brought about by blowing up the al
falfa fields and putting the land IN
other crops for three years. A further
reason for prompt action against the
disease is that 1t may under favorable
conditions pass over to and affect other
crops, such as clover, buckWheat, rye,
turnips, and even potatoes.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22

from fruit juices and honey dew, may
be used. Sugar strip has given very
satisfactory results in many instances.
The question of amount of stores to
provide presents itself early in the
game 1t has been found that individ-
ual colonies decreased from three to
fifteen pounds over the winter, the av-
erage decrease being about seven
pounds Figuring 35 pounds. for the
actual weight of ten-frame hive in
the fall, including bees and hive, so
pounds should furnish ample supplies
to carry over winter.
Colonies packed out-of-doors should
weigh at least so pounds when packed,
and if fall temperatures continue high
each colony should be closely exam
ined in November to see that at least
30 pounds Of stores remain in each
hive. The average weight of 40 empty
comb is IL pounds, so that the amount
of stores in each frame may be approx
imately estimated by weighing a few
frames and deducting the weight Of
the comb.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
k)O(LIN
When Pullets Begin to
Lay Get Them Into Coop

Experienced poultrymen have found
very long on the range after starting
to lay, the change to winter houses is
sure to check them and may cause
fall mott.
Cornell backs them in saying that
as soon as the first eggs are found on
the range, at least third or fourth
of the best-developed birds should be
placed in winter quarters
When the remaining birds show ma
turity, they should be put in winter
quarters also.
A thorough cleaning and disinfect-
ing of the houses and pens in which
the pullets are to live is advocated.
This is especially true if the birds
that formerly occupied the building
have been diseased or have had worms.
Artificial lights should not be used
on pullets until they have had a
chance to respond to normal condi-
lions. If they do not respond quickly
enough, or if neck mott starts, then
light can be used with good effect.
Many focks of pullets take cold
after their removal to winter quarters
because they are kept in tightly closed
houses. All windows and curtains in
the front of the houses should be wide
open night and day until really cold
weather sets in. Even in the middle OF
the winter, the cloth curtains should
not be entirely closed.
Lack of ventilation causes dampness
in the houses and this, in turn, results
in colds and roup.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Mutton and Lamb
Most Healthful
More Attention to Sheep
Is Urged.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricultural
The production of sheep for wool
alone is rapidly on the wane in the
United States. More and more en-
phasis is being placed on the produc-
ton Of lamb and mutton for the table,
although only 81 per cent of the meat
consumed by the average American for
the last five years was lamb or mutton.
This proportion should be much larger,
according to the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, as mutton and
lamb are among the most healthful,
nutritious and palatable of meats.
The reason for the limited use Of
lamb and mutton throughout the cen
trail section of the United States prob
ably had its origin in the days of the
development of the great corn belt re-
gion west of the Appalachian noun
tains, department workers say. AT that
time the sheep owned by the settlers
of that region came largely from the
North Atlantic states and had been de-
veloped almost without exception for
wool production, regardless of the in
herent flavor of the meat. The flesh of
these animals was no doubt tough, not
so palatable as other meats, and posi-
bly,, owing to the crude methods of car
ing for it, much of it was unfit for use.
There is a characteristic taste In
cooked mutton and lamb, due to the
chemical contents Of the meat fat, that
makes it easy to distinguish from other
kinds of meat The same is true of
beef, chicken, venison, or rabbit. In
order to prove that this taste was not
.unwholesome and that the meat was
palatable, experiments were made by
the bureau of animal industry Of the
department, in cooperation with the
office of home economics, which proved
that lamb and mutton are wholesome,
appetizing and economical meats for
family use, ranking well up with other
meats in food value per pound. The
fact that only small proportion OF
sheep carcasses are condemned under
government meat inspection furthers
the opinion of department workers that
mutton and lamb should be used more
generally.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22

This insures a volume of worthy
product that easily justified not only
the necessary expense of merchandise
ing the article but also insured that
this merchandising would be Of unex-
celled excellence in the field of cheese
marketing. The marketing of this out
put has been put into the hands of a
general sales manager.
The principles on which these west
erners have built success are incor-
porated in the Badger enterprises and
each year will see the application Of
one or more new ones until such time
as all are in effect and the baby fed
Grafton on the high road to success.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
BEEMEN TO AVERT
LOSSES OF WINTER
Proper Precautions With the
Hives Help Reduce Heavy
Yearly Toll.

When beekeepers in the state take
stock each spring they usually find
that their winter losses total around
10 to 20 per cent. In some cases this
percentage runs as high as 90 per cent.
These annual winter losses are the
most troublesome problems confront
Ing beemen, not only in Wisconsin,
but throughout the northern part OF
the United States.
E. F. Wilson, beeman of the Wis
consin College Of Agriculture, believes
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Contagious Fowl Cholera
Is Easily Distributed

Fowl cholera is a germ disease
which is very fatal says Harry Emble-
ton, head of the poultry department
Of the Oklahoma A. and NJ college. A
fowl showing no symptoms of the
trouble may be found dead under the
roost the next morning. All affected
birds do not go in this way. Some
may linger few days, showing a
great thirst, due to fever, also loss
Of appetite. The bowels win appear
very loose
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22

starts November 20 and ends about the
21st Of March. Bees should not be dis
turbed during this period, which car
ries them through the cold weather of
northern winters. Absolute darkness
should prevail, the temperature being
held constantly between 40 and 80 de-
grees. Excessive amounts of moisture
will not appear when constant tenn
perature is maintained It is during
this period that ventilation Of the bee
cellar may do more harm than good, In
Wilson's opinion
Bees Discriminate Among Foods.
What kind Of stores shall the bees
have during their long period Of con-
finement? Stores which contain dex-
trim gums or other foreign substances
cannot be digested by the bees. How
ever, most of the honeys produced in
Wisconsin are fit fof the bees to win
ter on; even our fall honey, when free
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Economical Gains Made
hv Feeding Beef Calves

Feeding calves into baby beef should
be given thoughtful consideration in
planning feeding operations. They re
quire 25 per cent less feed to make a
given amount of gain than do aged
steers, and do not get off feed as cas-
lily as older cattle. They will continue
to make economical gains for several
months after reaching a marketable
finish, thus giving the feeder longer
period in which to choose a market
than in the case of older cattle.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Production of Holiday
Turkeys Is on Decline

Every year dozens of old-time turkey
raisers drop out of the game and the
production of holiday birds continues
to decrease. This means that it Is a
good time to go into the business OF
producing turkeys If there is plenty Of
range where the birds can get plenty
of feed and will not be killed by pred
atory animals. Fall is the time of year
to search for good foundation stock
before the turkeys are all put into fat
tening pens and sold.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-11-22
Best Type of Corn
for Farmer to Use
Difference of Opinion as to
Which Variety Is Most
Profitable.

Farmers all over the country will
watch with great interest the results
Of a test to be made at the Inter
national Grain and Hay show in Chi
cago the first week in December to de-
termine which type of corn is the best
to plant in the different sections of the
United STATES.
For several years there has been a
difference of opinion among the lead
ing agricultural authorities as to
whether the old type of corn or a
different kind called the Utility type
is the most profitable to raise. The
main difference between the two types
is that the standard old type has a