davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-05-18
Pageants.

Washington is strong on pageantry.
any other American city in the form
of military and civic professions, but
the new phase Of pageantry is coming
into great vogue, or it may be better
to say that a very ancient phase Of
pageantry is once more coming into
vogue. Land and water pageants il.
Illustrating history will be features of
the Shrine celebration. Recently there
was the all-high school Shakespeare
pageant, and with little effort one
could recall a number of other spec.
tacles which have given pleasure to
Washington within the past year or
two. ar.
We are on the eve OF. another
pageant, and it is said that this will
include "an imposing procession COM
posed Of architects, painters, sculptors,
landscape architects. engineers, civil,
electrical, mechanical and consulting:
building trades and crafts, architec.
tural schools and clubs, manufacturers
Of building materials, the building con.
tractors, structural steel erectors and
representatives, Of the American Fed.
Grafton Of Arts, the National Aoad.
emy Of Design. the American Insti.
tute Of Arts and Letters and the
Architectural League Of New York.
All this will. take place tonight
near the Lincoln Msmofiai. The cen.
tral fsaturs-of this celebration will be
Evening star., 1923-05-18

pecially In government architecture in
Washington. So are all the people Of
Washington. The president OF the in.
stitute, who 1i,S from San Fran
cisco. is quoted .a aging: LAS a result
OF the new and enlightened policy OF
the present administration there has
been appointed by President Harding
a special commission charged with the
study of a complete reorganization
and regrouping OF the executive de-
partments" and 1.-The future policy Of
the government toward architects is
under advisement. and the committee
on public works of the institute will
be encouraged to endeavor to formu.
late q method of procedure and to
hold itself in readiness to assist the
government in developing and haping
an architectural policy
Let us have all this. and let US have
also more government buildings as
soon as possible. The government is
no doubt badly in need Of architecture,
but it is in dire need Of shelter. The
architects can probably help to push
the governments proposed building
program along.
Evening star., 1923-05-18
Pity, Rather Than Censure, Is Elk.
pressed for China.

The latest outrage by Chinese ban
dts has had the effect Of directing
attention anew to the lack of re-
sponsible government in China. Edi-
tors generally seem convinced inter-
national action eventually may have
to come. but just how it can be in
itiated while at the same time Chi
nese sovereign rights are maintain
ed admittedly is puzzling.
Financial aid might help, some edi-
tors contend. In this connection the
Seattle Times points out without
money. Peaing officials are unable TO
exercise any power. Their troops
with pay in arrears. cannot be trust
ed to resist either the arms or the
influence of rebels There simply
is no unity in China. as the st.
Paul Dispa tch views the situation.
vincial governor. militarist or a
bandit chief to create a foreign cri-
sis The benefits which China won
at the Washington conference will go
her own problem of unifcation."
This argument Is Endorsed by the
Dayton News. which recalls China
has been making appeals to the rest
Of the world for cooperation and
sSepe he ehef Tes eemen as whsn a'sb soSa of fact
ter into a firm and determined ad-
ministration of public affairs is a
centralized and respected govern
ment in that nation. The average
citizen of China simply wants to be
left alone and not bothered by gov
ernments.'
The situation cannot be met this
time, as was the Boxer rebellion. the
Cincinnati Times-Star says, because
then there was a definite point to
be relieved. The great dragon we
know as China now is crawling TO
his destiny, reconciled to it, what
ever 1t may be. Such a trivial affair
as an international indignity disturbs
not Its lethargy of the centuries"
Admitting that the Chinese govern
ment is one of the weakest and fab
biest governments on EARTH" which
1t feels perhaps is one reason why
some American newspapers are de-
manding that Uncle Sam shall exact
prompt vengeance, for those train
robberies and abductions," the SyraS,
cuse Herald holds this Is enough to
make one smile. considering what has
happened to Americans and other
foreigners in Russia during the past
four years. In Russia the bolshevist
government has been privy to pol
icy Of terrorism and slaughter which
has claimed foreign victims by the
legions: and in this case we hear no
suggestion that the government of
Washington should intervene. Per-
haps the explanation is found in the
fact that the red army numbers about
one and a half million men. whereas
Evening star., 1923-05-18
The Next Senate.

Republican leaders in the Senate
and in national committee and admin
istration circles are described as being
worried over the slender majority
which will confront the regular re.
publicans in the next Senate. The
prospective situation has been compli.
Gated by the changes caused by death
Of Senator Nelson of Minnesota and
Senator Nicholson of Colorado, both
of whom were regulars of the regu-
lars" From Colorado will come a
democrat by appointment. and from
Minnesota the special election called
for Juy 16 next will determine whether
there will come a man Of the Nelson
type, a radical republican or a demo-
crat.
If democrat should be elected the
republican majority in the next Sem
ate would be reduced from ten, as it
was before death called the two sena.
tors. to six. but at that it would not
be a majority to be always counted
upon by the regulars or to support
all the administration policies Of legis-
lation.
The regulars face the prospect in
the next Senate Of having the balance
of power in that body rest with an ele-
ment which would vary from lad
vanced progressivism" to a near ap.
proach to radicalism. This power
would be first eXerted to influence the
composition of the important commit
tees. controlling transportation, the
tariff and the judiciary. 1t is held to
be certain that the progressiveradi
forces will demand larger representa-
ton so as to make their power felt in
legislation.
The Minnesota special election will
provide a stirring interlude in what
promised to be dull political season.
The primaries for selection of candi-
dates will be held June IS, to be fol.
lowed by the election July 16. There
will be varying political elements in
the contest. The same forces which
elected Senator Shipstead, farm Dor,
to the next Senate are expected to try
to give him colleague of like type.
The democrats hope to benefit by the
republican dissension and elect their
man in July. and will put strong
candidate in the primaries. while the
regular republicans will not yield with
out struggle in the primaries.
Evening star., 1923-05-18
A Waste of Life.

A tale of horror that should carry
its lesson throughout the country
comes from South Carolina today. A
school building in remote village
burned last night in the course Of an
entertainment, and over seventy lives
were lost. The fire was started by the
explosion of a lamp on the stage, with
flimsy draperies ignitinS and spread.
ing the flames so rapidly that the
people who crowded the second.story
room had small chance to escape. A
panic Immediately ensued, the stair
way was choked. and few were freed
from the catastrophe.
Buildings Of this type are in use for
school purposes all over the United
States. They are relics of the time
when any kind of structure was
deemed suitable for school purposes.
The little red schoolhouse" in which
millions of American children have
been educated is a firetrap. While
many Of these country school build
ings are Of but one story, many others
have two floors, and the danger is
greatly increased thereby. These
buildings are almost always heated by
stoves and lighted in most cases by oil
lamps. They are the community meet
ing places and are often used at
night. An appalling risk has been run,
and that more disasters like this in
South Carolina have not occurred is q
merciful escape.
In some of the states Of late years
progress has been made in the replace
ment of these death traps with stone.
brick and tile buildings of fire-resist-
ing if not fireproof type. Recogni.
ton has also been given to the fact
that in the rural areas there is no rea.
son to skimp in ground space. and the
average country school structure is of
a low-spreading design rather than
high and concentrated. Still there re-
main hundreds, possibly thousands, of
these buildings of the kind that burned
last night in South Carolina where
lives are risked whenever there is an
assemblage for school or entertainment
purposes.
Nor are the cities free from this
danger. There are schools in daily use
today-some of them here in this city
of Washington-where fhe fire risk is
high. These are old buildings, erected
before the principles Of safe construc-
ton were developed. Indeed, when
those schools were built fire was re.
garded as an inescapable happening,
as something inevitable. The subject
of life conservation had not been
studied and worked out to the point of
preventive measures. 1t is to the
shame Of American communities that
these danger points are permitted to
continue through a false notion Of
economy and in neglect Of duty.
Evening star., 1923-05-18

The Tweed ring at its worst was
sort OF primary department compared
to the inner workings of Chinese gov
ernment circles. ..
DIR. THOMAS H. CooLE. ,
Any one who smokes before IL am.
Is not capable OF more than a quarter
OF days wBrk.
LORD LEvERHUNE. ].
--s.
The Chinese bandit is about the
most good-natured brigand in the.
world. He robs to save himself from
starvation and turns respectable as
soon as he can afford it,
MAJ. PETER RODYENKO.
The role OF the league of nations,
is like that Of John the Baptist. to so
into the wilderness of our national
hates and prepare the way -
p. NJ. OLIVER. n
1 don't object to scientific truth, for
no truth disturbs religion. What 1
object to is for any scientist to put !
forth his own guess and demand that
we substitute 1t for. the Word sOf God
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN,
Evening star., 1923-05-18

, money to the bearer. First, how
ever. this bank must have deposited
in the Treasury bonds to cover the
| amount OF the notes issued to 1t.
The government prints the-notes and
sends them to the bank for signature
by the proper bank officials. They
| are secured. dollar for dollar, by the
Treasury as trustee. II you have
some: Of these notes, don't worry
about them.
|. Then there are the Treasury notes
OF 1880. There are only a few OF
| these outstanding. Your individual
share Of them, as one individual OF
tho eountry's population, IL about
cent. As a matter OF history these
notes were issued as certificates for
small lot OF. silver bullion which
Cnole Sam purchased in 1890! repre-
senting about $155.000.o00. They are
being withdrawn from circulation as
fast AZ they reach the Treasury.
| The federal reserve note is the
baby. Of the currency. He Is some
baby. though, for since his birth in
|
serve act. he has grown In numbers
to about half OF the money in cir
culatton.
| These notes are issued to the fed.
eral reserve banks on the 'presenta
tion of proper security.
Look at note. On the left side
| OF it's face you will see a circular
! mark. This contains the name and
| district number Of the reserve bank
through which 1t is issued. Thes,
| notes are redeemable In gold
Tho last of the seven kinds OF
| money that you all unknowingIy
carry around with you is the federal
reserve bank notes. These are issued
! by the federal reserve banks.
The oldest thing about paper
money, even the odd bills, is that 1,
| is not money at all. 1t is merely an
eraer Ior money. Really it is check
put. fortunately. 1t does not have to
oe indorsed by every person through
! whose hands it passes
l. The United States Treasury is the
bank on which all of these checks are
drawn. payable to bearer. The sigma
| Gates is the United States OF America
| and 1t has the money in bank with
| which to meet them The national
| bank note is the personal check Of
say. the Corn and Cotton National
| Bank OF Rosedale, Miss. signed Inv
I that bank but indorsed by the United
| states of America. The federal re.
serve bank note is the same sort OF
| check.
! The, old United States notes, or
Sreenbacks, are not checks in the
| same sense. To start with. they were
notes OF hand. mere promises to pay
| Later on, the maker of the note. the
| United States of America. deposited
coilateral security. in the form of
gold. to make good the PAYMENT of
] the note.
TX you don't understand everything
| ABOUT all these notes. let the other
| Iellow worry. He will have them d.
fsctly, anyhow
Evening star., 1923-05-18

the presentation Of gold medal to
Henry Bacon, architect Of the Lincoln
Memorial. The medal. was awarded by
the American Institute OF Architects,
and will be handed to Mr.. Bacon by
the President of the United States.
The scene is to be lighted by torches,
and the hero Of the event will ride
the length of the memorial lagoon in
a barge decorated after the fashion of
royal or state barges Of the olden
time. 1t is going to be an interesting
ceremony. and it will be largely attend
ed, even though it becomes harder and
with all the interesting things that
happen at the Capital.
Evening star., 1923-05-18
Architects.

: The American Institute Of Archi.
tects is meeting in Washington, which
is the national headquarters and the
home Of that organization. Naturally
the architects are interested in archi.
lecture, and there IL good deal OF It
in Washington. It is said that some Of
our architecture Is architecture and
that some Of it is not. It has been
said many times that the Post Office
Department building and the pension
Office are not as magnificent speci.
mems Of architecture as were some
temples in classic Greece, but they
have their uses. They have been here
SO long now that native Washing.
tonians are accustomed to them and
look at them without shock. And with
the present great shortage in govern
ment buildings at Washington the
loss Of even the Post Office Depart.
ment building and the pension office
would be sorely felt.
Architects differ on architecture
just as artists do on art, and it may
D6 tudL tHeTe are SOfh0 WHO HOlQ I1aC
the Post Office Department building
snd the pension Office are all right.
That artists differ is well known.
There are artists who declare that the
Andrew jackson statue is not art.
there are artists who have said that
the Peace monument is splendid
sculpture. and there were artists who
said that the Lincoln statue should not
stand in front Of the old city hail.
Then there was the 'low.necked and
bare.backed statue Of George Wash.
ington which was banished from the
east plaza Of the Capitol
The architects are interested in
Washington architecture. ane eA.
Evening star., 1923-05-18
THE WAYS OF WASHINGTON
BY WILLIAM PICKETT HELM.

Have you S41.s1? II not. you
haven't got your share. That fiEurs
represents the per capita circulation
Of money in the United States.
Now that you have counted 1t, how
many kinds Of bills have you In your
pocketbook? Did you know that there
are seven kinds Of good paper money
In circulation in the United States?
Here they are: United States notes.
gold certificates. silver certificates,
national bank notes, Treasury notes
OF 1890. federal reserve notes. and
federal reserve bank notes. Are you
, familiar with all OF them?
Maybe you would recognize an old
friend in the United States notch.
They are really those old sreenbacks
that caused such a stir in politics
some thirty-odd years ago. In our
present enlightened age OF politics.
greenbacks and other forms Of cur
rency do not figure, Of course.
You may know a greenback when
YOU SEQ one by the fact that 1t 10
merely a promise to pay the bearer
the amount named on it's face. That's
where the rub came back in civil war
times. when the notes were first is-
sued to meet the huge expenses Of
the Army. Not being secured by
gold, the greenbacks fluctuated in
value. Gold was At q premium and
prices scared. However. in 1900 i
gold reserve of $4,000 900 was
placed in the Treasury for the re-.
demption OF greenbacks.
The occasion for having paper
money at all is that it Is easier to
carry around than a truckload Of
gold or silver Marco Polo, the ia
nous traveller, realized this. though
he was not familiar with the later
| models Of trucks. Marco was the
first to introduce the use of paper
money in Europe. He got the bright
| idea from the Mongols in China.
Our gold and silver certificates were
! issued merely as substitute for
| metal which is stored in the Treasury.
That fascinating yellow ten-spot
with a portrait Of Mr.. Monroe on 1t
tells you. assuming you own one.
that there is in the Treasury the sum
of $40 in gold which you may have
for the asking.
Silver certificates are numerous in
the smaller denominations. Big sill
yer dollars may be obtained for them
| at the Treasury. but most folks don't
want to carry around eels-at
least not east Of Tombstone. Ariz.
Maybe you have an example OF
the next kind Of paper money, the
national bank note. One can learn
a good lesson in geography from
these. You read on one bill, The
National Bank Of Podunk" and on
another THE National Bank OF Red
Gulnh." Thus you become familiar
I with names Of some Of the leading
cities of your country.
National bank notes are the obli-
cation of a national bank to pay
Evening star., 1923-05-18
Alexander Hamilton.

AS indicated by his address yester.
day at the unveiling Of the Alexander
Hamilton monument, President Hard
ing finds much to admire in the life
and career Of the first Secretary of the
Treasury, but it is Of more than pass
ing interest that his admiration seems
to be chiefly centered on the courage
which sustained Hamilton in the face
of hostile criticism and the honesty
which withheld him from yielding
principle for the sake of popular favor.
1t had sound as If the President had
found in the example of the great
federalist inspiration and strength to
face his own critics and fortitude to
uphold principles even at the risk of
losing popularity.
What a comfort it must be to the
President-to any President OF any
statesman-to contemplate the vindi-
cation which time has brought to the
memory of Alexander Hamilton. The
problems which beset statesmen Of to-.
day may be vaster than those of a
they are no more difficult. Hamilton
faced his problems with thought only
for his country's welfare. and his fame
is imperishable. Lesser men sought
favor for the hour. and today they are
forgotten. 1t is easy to do the popular
thing. to go along with the crowd and
tickle the ears of the groundlings. We
see examples Of it every day in our
public life, men who pose as states
men when in reality they are only
weathervanes. Such men may gain
prominence, but they never win
through to fame. Monuments are not
unveiled to them when they have been
dead a hundred years.
Alexander Hamilton and John Mar
shall contributed more. perhaps, than
any other men to the shaping of the
infant republic go that it could survive
and grow to its greatness Of today.
Ardent lovers of liberty both. they saw
no menace in strong government
created and ordained by the people
and dedicated to the peoples service.
1t is not a minor part Of Hamilton 8
fame that today's political inheritors
of Jefferson not only subscribe to the
Hamiltonian doctrine of q strong CEN
trail government. but are constantly
seeking to endow it with powers far
beyond any proposed by Hamilton.
II yesterdays speech means that
President Harding has resolved to grid
himself in the armor Of Alexander
Hamilton's political courage, all is
well with America. For two years
more at least he will shape the des-
TIMES of the nation. They will be
years Of tremendous import and of
shifting scenes. and somewhere there
must be constancy and courage if we
are to come through. 1t would be q
disaster if We had at the helm an op-
portunist whose only thought was to
win the favor of the crowd.
Evening star., 1923-05-18
EDITORIAL DIGEST

the army of the Chinese republic
could probably be routed by Com
missioner Enright's metropolitan po-
lice"
1t is the opinion of the Reading
Tribune that famine is at the bottom
Of the banditry." and it suggests IAN
organized distribution of food such
as Americans carried on in Russia
oanditry." That is likewise very
much the opinion. in part, Of the
Lyynehburg Advance. which says
China deserves pity rather than
censure." 1t must, however. be re-
Press points out. The root of the
evil lies in the organization of tho
country. AS long as twenty or more
governments are fighting each other
chaos will continue. No amount of
put an end to this situation
Because this particular crime "af
fects international relations" il is
the opinion of the Boston Post. lit
cannot be allowed to go by default"
The outbreak of disorder has dis
heartened all true friends of China
the Philadelphia Bulletin feels. be-
cause 1t shows 1.-The restored govern
ment and parliament have proved i'm
potent as before. There was evil in
Foreign spheres of influence, but
what shall it really profit China and
civilization If relaxation of foreign
control is to be but the prelude Of
wider extensions of anarchy" Co
Ing still a step further on this line,
the Buffalo News insists. "if China
cannot keep her house in order. then
1T becomes necessary for the foreign
powers whose people were held for
ransom to undertake the task
Opposing this contention, the Roa-
noke World News holds. much as
America and other countries may
feel like laying heavy hand upon
the Chinese. it would be extremely
unwise to do SO. China is sick. no,
criminal. and must he dealt with i'm
that has characterized America S
dealings with Mexico if the nations
concerned do not wish to make a
bad matter worse" Inasmuch, how
ever. as China. from the purely
economic standpoint, "is proSpering
as never before" the st. Louis Globe.
Democrat suggests the bandit in :.
cident may furnish an excuse for
Intervention or FOR proposals Of help
toward the establishment of govern
mental authority that will be ac-
ceptable to the Chinese and to their
great advantage" But in any action
undertaken the United States must
remember China still counts Amer
kee Journal. land we want to be
friends" while the Knoxville Senti-
mel holds the Chinese people should
not be subjected to war as penalty
They are doubtless as helpless VIC
Tins Of the conditions which make
such outrages possible in their couu-
try as the foreigners"