davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
RUBBER COMPOUND
Ingredients Classified In Six Di-
 visions


 In compounding rubber l. e., mix ing the various elements that must be mixed with it in order to make it serviceable for use in the manu- facture of tires and other rubber products the ingredients used may be classified into six divisions; native rubber, reclaimed rubber, rubber substitutes, rubber softeners, pigments and accelerators.
 Each of these has a particular and useful purpose in the science of com pounding rubber, but perhaps the most interesting class is that of pig ments. All inorganic chemical com pounds that are added to batch of rubber and some organic chemicals are called pigments.
 The rubber industry itself is based upon chemical reaction between the native rubber and one of these inorganic pigments-sulphur. This reaction is aided by heat and heat ing rubber and sulphur together is the process known as vulcanization or vulcanizing. The sulphur used for this purpose is the ordinary fine- ly ground sulphur flour of commerce and is mixed with rubber in revolv- ing cylinders, which unites the two substances into one integral mass. Aside from rubber, pigments may be divided into three classes; the re- inforcing class, the filler class and colors. These names tell exactly the manner in which the pigments act when they are introduced into a compound.
 The reinforcing pigments are characterized by their very small size, according to Miller tire chem. ists. The filters are used to give body to the compound and colors are introduced solely to give color. They serve also to a certain extent as fillers.,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
CUBAN GRAY CUTS
 MAINT FINANCE BILL
Gives Car Maximum In Ap- pearance For Longest
 Period Of Time

Not so many years ago the motor
 car was luxury and was handled with care The owner with regard for his property seldom failed to re- move carefully wet mud, stains caused by rain, or any other blemish which might permanently mar the finish, as he "stabled" his car at the
 close of an afternoon or evening S
 ride.
 Now the automobile is necessity
 which must stand all of the batter ing that is given an old hat, but which it is still desirable to keep looking as prosperous as the home in which the owner lives or the clothes which he and his family wear. At the same time, the 1923 vintage of auto mobile owner has little time and less
 inclination for the painstaking at tention required to keep high gloss finish on his car.
 Here again is a place" says H. E. Bissell of the Bissell Motor company, in discussing this phase of motor car ownership, where the Rec engineers and designers have shown remrak- able foresight. Three years ago they noted the trend toward greater neg lect of external appearances on the part of the average owner, and lm- mediately set themselves to the task
  this neglect presented AS matter of fact, they were not altogether un- selfish in this undertaking, for 1t is
 to the interest of the Rec Motor Car company that all of it's cars to be kept looking their best for as many years as possible.
 Cuban gray offered as an optional finish was the outcome of this cam paign for a means of giving cars the maximum in appearance for long period of time. It was just about three years ago that the first car fin-
 ished in Cuban gray was sent into
 owner service, and that car Is run
 ming every day with it's original fin ish and looking better than many cars two years it's junior which were | turned out with high polish "The reasons for this are apparent. In the first place the car can be washed by a stream from the garden hose which does not have to be fol- lowed with the laborious use of a
 chamois skin. Rubbing up the finish four or five times a year with cloth dipped in gasoline followed by a sec
 ond cloth dipped in olive oil serves to keep the dull sheen which gives the
 car it's. attractive initial appearance.
 Then when a repaint job is called for, as it always Is sooner or later, both time and money are saved in restoring the Cuban gray. This is one
 more point in the low maintenance cost characteristic of the entire Rec line.
 Dealers and distributors feel that the Reo Motor Ca- company has sup piled them with another item of
 value to owners, since it has added
 Cuban gray as an optional finish. Of
 course, there are and always will be a number of people who prefer the more highly polished appearance, and
 for these people Rec has continued the Reo blue and the Dust Proof
 gray, both very attractive polished finishes. Cuban gray, however, is
 growing more popular each week, and
 there may be a time when cars with
 any finish other than a dull gloss of
 this nature will be seen only infre- rttaOt1v
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
WAR TX ON AUTO SHOULD BE KILLED.
Congressman Clancy States Farmers Pay Large Part
 Of This Tax

The war excise taxes on automo- blles,. motor trucks, accessories and spare parts gre so-called luxury taxes. stigma or nuisance taxes" said the Hon. Robert Fl. Clancey, member of Congress from the city of De- troit, in an address broadcasted. over NRC--"The Voice of the Capital" for the American Automobile association the other night. Congressman Clan cey has introduced bill in Con- gress for the repeal of the excise war tax on motor vehicles and accessories.
 But the auto truck which is an auxiliary of railroads and relieves the railroads of the expensive short haul, is still taxed, although the rail- ly after the war said MT. Clancey. More than a million tons of freight were moved by motor trucks on state highways in Connecticut in a period of three months during 1922. The auto truck tax is absolutely inde- feasible from any fair, scientific tax standpoint. The amount of revenue raised is small-$10,67 for the last fiscal year closing June 30, 1928.
 'The tax sn spare parts hits the farmer hardest for he has the worst roads, is furtherest away from serv- ice stations and is the biggest user of cars. It is a penalty on the man W NiiO lleS d pi tih0 IT, " ilo bi cans an axle or ruins tire. It is q nuisance tax and should be repealed.
 The tax on automobiles is paid by the purchaser of the car. The manufacturer merely adds the war excise tax to the consumers pur- chase price. There are over 13,000,- 900 car users who are interested in having this tax killed. It would de- crease the cost of their cars by five per cent"
 MT. ClanceY recounted the various
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

in the automobile business, GUS tomary methods of handling the GUS toner are being rapidly changed Great strides have already been made within the trade itself-change for the better of which the public knows little or nothing. From personal con tact with many different merchandise ing concerns in all lines of trade, and in all sections of the country. this writer is convinced that the modern Legitimate automobile organization is as efficient internally as any busi- ness house in the world.
 But custom clinEs-even in young
 industry. For several days the auto mobile owner who drives in for main tenance service. has been going through a certain routine until it has become second nature to him as well as to the man who meets him.
 The automobile service man is asked many questions about the con- dition of the owners car, which no one in the world can answer-until some investigation has been made The cause of much dissatisfaction with charges for maintenance comes because the service man gives his opinion of the seat of the trouble be- fore he knows for sure. This opinion is often forced by the owner and forms the owners idea of the cost. llS VIII SGIuOH CAdISe illS ol IS ilie1' idea-even if the actual work de- velops a different condition.
 In the early years of the auto mobile, service men assumed mucn knowledge which they didn't nave They were afraid to admit to the owner that they didn't know what his trouble was They gave opinions Often they stalled" All the time they were learning.
 Today-in the case of all ordinary troubles-they do know. When the owner drives in they can tell him at once
 But there are many things that cannot be determined until the car is i ssembledi-until the workman opens up the assembly which is caus- ing the trouble and actually sees the condition. In such cases, in the mod ern automobile maintenance estab- lishment. the service man is not afraid to say: q don't know" when the owner says: What is causing that knock?"
 Instead the service man says: 'Tll find out and let you know in an hour" And-thanks to the flat rate
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

at the end of that hour he not only knows the exact nature of the trouble. bur can tell the owner eH- actly how much it will cost to cor rect it.
 There are some I2,00O000 owners of automotive vehicles. Very few of them are skilled automobile main teHanee men. Yet most of them because of custom built up through the formulative years of the trade readily question the recommendation of the service man or the charge for repairs or both. In most cases thls is because actual performance of the work changes the original opinion one way or another. Even if the work is proper and the charge honess still the bill is questioned,
 For these reasons the exact trans action is necessary. Not only as 70 internal methods such as the keep ing of the workman's time. but as to the conversation with the customer. And the most skilled trouble shoot err in the world cannot always tell which one of several possibilities is the actual cause of the owner trouble.
 Copyright, 1923, by Percy Chamber
 lafn.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
WILLARD BATTERY FINE FOR RADIO

Many complimentary remarks have been received by the Ewart- Brewer Motor company, Willard dealers, as to the efficiency of Willard Radio batteries. Here is an interesting let ter from a recent purchasers:
 .Birmingham, Ala, Dec. 27, 1923. "F,wart Brewer; Motor Company, 423
 South Twenty-first Street, Bir-
 ningham, Ala
 "Gentlen.en: The Willard storage batteries for radio A and batteries that you sold me for my radio set is very satisfactory in every par tcular. It is giving much better re- suits than I expected, or though pos sible. I do not get any noise. scratch ing or popping that I formerly ex- perienced when I used dry batteries
 T have been able to tune in on more stations, in an easier manner and at longer distance. I sincerely thank you for recommending and installing these Willard batteries for my radio set, IS it adds 100 per cent pleasure to the entertainment.
 You may refer any inquiry to me about the Willard radio batteries, for they are the best I have ever used Very truly y<urs,
 Five wooden images of saints dat ing from the fourteenth century were raoapfIv cfo1an from the nariSb
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
RADIATION CARE

Because a radiator is rather deli cate in its construction, it is not ad- visable to place anything into wate. of the cooling system to stop leaks Such foreign matter is very apt to further trouble. Small leaks should be soldered to make a repair perma- nent. If sections of the radiator be- come clogged with foreign matter overheating will result.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
PROOF OF owNERsHIp

Motorists who value their cars and equipment can etch their names in the metal parts by covering the sur face with a coating of beeswaX and writing the name in the wax with a pointed tool. Fill the writing with a solution composed of four ounces of nitric acid and one-half ounce of mu- riatic acid. Be sure to fill each let ter. Let the mixture remain five minutes, after which wash off acid and beeswaX with hot water.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
COLD WEATHER TIPS

Hot water placed in the cooling system is one remedy that may be applied if an engine refuses to start because of extreme cold. This will raise the temperature of the engine and help the vaporizing in the cylin- ders. Heat may be supplied to the intake manifold by wrapping it with an old rag and pouring on hot water
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
WAY TO TIGHTEN NUTS

In tightening opposed nuts, such as those holditg the bearing caps in place, one nut should be drawn up q little and then the opposite one tight ened a little. It is wrong to tighten one nut fully and then proceed with the other, as this method tends to spring the metal and cause Soor con- tact.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
UPKEEP OF AN AUTO

The different items of expense in keeping an automobile divide the average costper mile as follows: De- preciation, 30.7 per cent; reSairs, Eli per cent; gas. 21.3 per cent; tires, S.S per cent; garage rent, 6.5 per cent; interest, 4.7 per cent; oil, 3.7 per cent, insurance, 1 per cent; miscellaneous, 1.6 her cent.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
MOTORS AND THEIR CARE
FOR BELT EFFICIENCY

Try the fan occasionally to see if the belt Is coming loose, as a loose belt allows the fan to slip. It pre- vents the water from being properly cooled. If the fan can be moved easily, the belt needs tightening.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
WINTER WISDOM

When bringing the car Into the garage after a storm, always brush off any accumulation of snow, other wise the snow in melting will remain on the various parts of the car too long, doing all manner of damage be- fore finally dripping to the floor.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
UTILIZING OLD TUBES

Floor mats can be made by con verting few inner tubes. The old tubes are first cut into strips by wetting the rubber and cutting with an old razor. The strips are then woven or interlaced with each other, basket fashion. The end strips are made double width and turned over. These strips should be cemented in place. row of brass rivets, placed around the edges, improves the ap- pearance greatly, in addition to mak- ing the mats stronger.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

ton. and within a month we hope to be building cars at rate at least approximately our requirements Our factory force has cheerfully given up it's usual holiday vacation to help us out and is doing its best to, aid us in every way"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
A motorist should avoid racing the engine, as increased gas may cause 1t

A motorist should avoid racing the engine, as increased gas may cause 1t to stall.
 Because the fins of the radiator need all the exposure they can get the core should not be painted. Paint affects the radiation.
 When the engine vibrates it is an indication that it is not secured tight to the frame.
 A handy screw driver to fit heads of small screws can be made by cut ting off the hook end of shoe but tonhook and flattening the end.
 The oil level in the crank case should be just high enough to permit the commenting rods to dip. Any more than this will flood the cylin ders with oil and cause trouble.
 few drops of oil on the speedom- eter drive once week will cause the drive to operate quickly and for a long period without other care.
 To prevent grease working out to the brakes see that the felt washers at the end of the axle housing or within the rear hub are properly in stalled.
 Ordinary talcum powder will some times stop cone clutch slippage. First clean the leather or fabric surface with gasoline and then sprinkle with the talcum.
 If brakes are permitted to drag, even though the lining is made of as bestos, which is virtually incombusti- ble, they are fully capable of setting fire to rear.
 Of three kinds of aleohol-grain. wood and denatured-used as anti freeze preparations. the last is the cheapest of the three and the most satisfactory.
 Always make it a point to see that lamps in the headlights are in good condition. When they begin to dim, replace them and at the same time clean the reflectors.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

Yale university report shows that for each student the university made an average expenditure of ss35 for the year 1922-l923 as compared with an average payment of s267 by the students
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

CENTENARIAN DRIVES OAKLAND.-Wiliam Hoover of Portland Ore enoys much any youth He Is lively in body and mind and has owned many He will be 100 years old in five months.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

The first actual clock was pro- duced about 990 A. D. by Gerbert. the monk, who was the most accom- plished scholar of his aga.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30
WRONG METHODS BEING OVERCOME
ay pERCY CuAlIBERLAIN

You would search a long time be- fore finding business man who would say that business is not a con- stant succession of changes. Improved methods mean changed methods. Today's way of handling detail may be entirely changed tomorrow if'a better way is found.
 If such changes are fnternal-be- tween departments in a business or ganization-they can be made with out the customers knowledge-eVen though they benefit him. But if they involve some customary method with which the customer is familiar-theN are not always easy to put into ef- feet A change involves convincing the customer that the past method is wrong and therefore something diff ferent must be tried. Perhaps the change does not immediately show 100 per cent improvement and others are necessary before the new system approaches perfection.
 In striving for improved methods taxes which are piled on the motor ists. Farmer legislatures have signled out the auto and accessories for their fury because often they striking at the hated city dweller." said Mir. Clancy. They do not understand that the auto is even more of a necessity for the ruralite than the cityite-that it brings to their doors the blessings of modern civilization and makes life on the farm more bearable."
 In view of the fact that 52,000, 900 Americans are directly paying these taxes on the basis of an estimate of four members of a family to each automobile, Mir. Clancey urges that every automobile owner use his in- fluence to have these taxes repealed. The tax framing committees of Congress-" sad MT. Clancy, admit these taxes are of an unusual nature, that they should be killed as soon as possible. It is just a question of getting around to it and of having the matter properly presented to the members of Congress by the motor ists of the country"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-12-30

Five wooden images of saints dat ing from the fourteenth century were recently stolen from the parish church in Feistritze, Austria.
The Washington times., 1923-10-06
CLOTHES FOR
SCHOOL.

BY Rita Stuyvesant-

VKTTTH all the youngsters
" back in school, the
clothes problem again be.
gins for mothers. Often frocks
that start In the early fall by
being smart and crisp look dingy
and untidy in few months, so it
is well to consider the service
that a frock is likely to give be-
fore selecting it for the school
child.
For a girl Of six to fourteen
there is nothing so useful as
regulation frock of navy blue
French serge made in the MILDLY
style. A pleated skirt is attached
to a lining and is worn with a
MILDLY Of the serge trimmed with
white or gold braid. Henna braid
or red is also used, and there is a
silk tie to match:
To accompany the above frock
there are pleated boomers of
French serge. thus eliminating
the petticoat problem.
Several white middies could
also be worn with this pleated
skirt.
Wool worsted jersey is another
favorite for school days, and there
is a youthful model that comes
in rust, fawn or navy blue with
trimmings of tan or brown. 1t is
a straight-line model, with seton
pockets at the front, and a clever
pointed collar. Long sleeves that
are inclined to flare a bit are
used, and the collar, pockets and
front are trimmed with the tan
worsted stitchery. On this frock
there are no white collar and
cuffs to get soiIed.
Poiret twill is another material
excellent for the school frock and
it will give good wear. A simple
model that slips on over the head
shows long sleeves, finished with
great Peter Pan cuffs Of gray or
cocoa colored duvetyn, bound in
faille silk. A deep collar, too, of
the same style is youthful, ana
when one adds q belt of tan or
gray the frocK is quite complete.
White pearl buttons in a double
close row make a smart trimming
on a navy frocl< and do not soil.
They are used down the front. on
the sleeves or sometimes to but
ton the pleated skirt to the bodice
Frocks that slip on make but.
tons or hooks unnecessary, ana
this is another item for the busy
mother to consider. ..=.
The Washington times., 1923-10-06
SECRETS OF HEALTH
AND SUCCESS
WHAT TO Do IF YOU FEAR DYSPEPSIA

; the intestine Just, below the stom-
ach, or OF both.
Persistent splitting up the food
without nausea, especially If the
food rejected is not sour, may
mean the beginning of cancer of
the stomach.
Pain in the pit of your stomach
after eating may and often does
mean a mere temporary loss of
digestive power, but it may mean
actual disease Of the walls of the
stomach or serious conditions in
the brain.
Nausea may mean poisoned
food or decomposition of food in
the stomach, or bile in the stom-
ach or other conditions of the
stomach itself, or it may mean
q general poisoning of the sys-
tenn.
@S 'h6 VI GAS Will us"
tension o: The stomach may i'm
ply either Preventative change
in the food within the stomach
or serious disease of the wall of
the stomach.
So, you see, your simple stom-
ach symptoms your so-called
"dyspepsia"-may be a matter of
very great Importance and the
time to know just what it means
is at the beginning.
In any event it is too complex
a matter for you to understand
and too serious a matter for YOU
to trifle with.
Consult your physician as soon
as you see that your trouble is
not transient one of a day or
two. .
CTomorrow-Why You Should
Study Your Baby's Cries)
Copyright, 1923. King Features
Syndicate. Inc.)
The Washington times., 1923-10-06
By Charles A. L..Reed,
M. D.:
Former President Of the AmeGi-
can Medical Association.

FORMER President OF the AmeE7-
can Medical Association.
<<D oCTOR. have dyspep-
sia," announces the
~ sour-faced patient who
comes with a ready-made and
generally a se1f-made diagnosis.
Are you one of this numerous
class?
You are liable to say yes if
you have one or more of the fol-
lowing symptoms:
Sour stomach" or heartburn"
splitting up Of food with or with
out nausea, pain in the pit of
your stomach after eating, nausea
with or without vomiting. either
periodic or persistent; frequent
belching of gas, excessive hunger,
no appetite.
There are other associated
symptoms, such as constipation,
headaches, neuralgia, weakness
and loss Of flesh; but the fore
going are the symptoms by which
you associate your trouble with
your stomach.
You probably have heard that
the word dyspepsia" means pain.
ful peptonization or dige stion,
and that it has come to mean
about everything that is the mat
ter with the stomach.
So you say you have "dyspep-
sia," so. too, you take some pep
sin" to relieve your dyspepsia, )"
or you take some baking soda to
"sweeten" your sour stomach.
Now, both of these remedies
are innocent enough Neither will
90 direct harm. Either may do
some good. But the harm in
their use comes not from any
action that they may have Ola
the stomach, but from relying
upon them as sufficient when
something entirely different may
be required, or more particularly,
when by delaying proper treat
ment serious and even fatal con
d1tions may develop.
<" Here are some of the POSSIBLE
ties that you may be trifling
with:
Sour stomach. or heart
burn" while generally transient
and due to oVerindulgence in
food, or to eating improper food,
or to drinking alcohol in some
form, may be and frequently is
a symptom of liberation Of the
stomach. or of the upper end of