davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-04-29
The Oldest Bell.

A CALIFORNIA; has spent a great
many years and much energy in
getting together a remarkable col
lection of bells which number more
than 800. Every quarter of the globe.
every oddity of shape and material.
almost every historical era. is rep
resented. There are bells from the
United States. Mexico, England. Scot
laid. France, Spain, Germany. Hol-
land. Belgium, Russia, Sweden, Switz-
erland, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt
Arabia. India. Ceylon. Tibet, Borneo.
Burma. China. Manchuria. Japan. the
Philippines. Alaska and the Hawaiian
Islands
There is a COW bell with the name
and family arms of Pope Paul III
who excommunicated Henry VIII. II
was used on the below COW of the
Vatican herd of that day. A huge
bell from Avignon was once part of
the city clock in the town of the
popes. A ships bell once tolled the
watches on one of the vessels that
carried the unhappy Arcadians from
their homes, as Longfellow's poem Of
"Evangelne" tells. There is an iron
bell from a temple in Mukden. taken
by Japanese soldiers in the Russian
war. One bell comes from a mon
astery near Llhassa. probably more
than 1000 years old.
Perhaps the most interesting speci-
men in this collection is bell which
was cast for church in Valencia,
Spain, in the year 1247. At that time
King James of Aragon had just added
Valencia to his dominions and was
establishing Christian churches all
over the province. The inscription
cast on the bell bears the names of
| the Virgin Mary, to whom the church
was dedicated: of Jesus. of the king
of Aragon and of the bell founders,
. Quintana and Sakvator, as well as
| the year in which the bell was cast.
The special value of this bell lies
| in the fact that it is the oldest dated
bell in existence. Until the Californian
found it in the scrap head of a hon
don bell founders shop that distinc-
tion was held by a bell in Fridbourg.
Germany, which bears the date 1858.
How this fine old bell got to London
can only be conjectured. 1t may have
come as a ships bell on one of the
Armada, or as a papal present to an
English monastery, or as booty from
some Of the daring raids of Sir Fran
els Drake on the coast cities of Spain.
However it got there. no one sus-
pected its value or, indeed, its ex-
istence. until the man from Califor-
mia unearthed il. Once found. it was
not easily got out of England. for
the British museum learned of its
discovery and made every effort 10
prevent its being carried out Of Eng
land. But the Californian had bought
and paid for it. and after negotia-
tions that lasted almost a year he
was permitted to take it home with
him.
Evening star., 1923-04-29

When we went back to the ship at
sunset, the old man was still doing
his solitary dance in front of the
devil-devil. In the morning. when
we returned to the village, he was
already at it, one foot up, one foot
down. When we left Tomman, four
days after our arrival, he was still
going strong.
For a week we cruised along the
southern end of Malekula, then
rounded the end of the island and
steamed up the eastern coast. One
evening we came to anchor in Port
Sandwich-a lovely, land-locked bay.
At about o'clock Osa and 1,
who slept on deck, were rudely
awakened by. being thrown into the
scuppers. The ship, rolled and trem-
bled violently. Though there seemed
to be no wind, the water boiled
around US and the trees on shore
swayed and groaned.
Capt. Moran and his brother came
rushing from their cabins. The black
crew tumbled out of the hold, YELL
ing with terror A big wave washed
over the deck and carried overheard
everything that was loose. The water
bubbled up from below as if from a
giant caldron and fishes leaped high
into the air. In a few minutes the
disturbance subsided. We had been
through an earthquake.
Half the native huts of the little
settlement near the mouth of the bay
had collapsed like card houses. The
drunken angles-some of them had
fallen to the ground-and. in the viii
lage clearings and other level places,
the ground was full of wrinkles and
Jagged tears. Streaks of red clay
marked the courses of landslides
down the sides of the mountains.
On the morning after the earth
quake Mr.. King, the British commits
sioner. appeared in the Euphrosyne.
and proposed a jaunt to Lopevi, a
great volcano about thirty miles from
Maiekula, reputed to be one of the
most beautiful in the world. So we
said goodbye to Capt. Moran and
transferred our belongings to the
Euphrosyne.
We left Port Sandwich at daybreak,
and lin a few hours we saw Lopevi,
a perfect cone, rising abruptly out
of the water to a height Of nearly
5000 feet. A fine fringe of thunder
clouds encircled the island about
halfway down. but the top was free.
Suddenly Lopevi sent up cloud of
smoke Then she growled ominous-
ly. and shot out great tongues of
J tapping flame. More smoke, and she
Evening star., 1923-04-29
Solar Fireworks.

WE do not think of water as in
w any way having the nature of
an explosion, yet one of its elements
-hydrogen-when heated to a high
temperature is one of the most explo-
sive substances known. On the sur
face of the sun there are violent ex
plosions of highly heated hydrogen
gas-so violent that they may be
seen from the earth. At times, ac
cording to the testimony of the OBJ
server who discovered these hydro
gen bombs, as they are called, they
follow one another like balls of a
Roman candle at intervals of ten or
twenty minutes. The duration Of the
explosion is usually about two or
three minutes; more rarely, five or
ten minutes. The bombs generally
appear on the edge or at one side
of sunspot groups that are in the
process of developing. Repeated ex-
plosions occur almost exactly in the
same place.
The presence of the bombs is re-
vealed by the appearance Of two in
tensely brilliant, narrow bands of
nearly uniform width on either side
of the dark absorption line of hy-
drogen that is associated with the
higher solar atmosphere. The fact
that neither the dark line itself nor
any other of the absorption lines that
belong to the various strata OF the
suns atmosphere is interfered with
shows that the explosions occur at
a considerable distance below the
chromosphere-the lowest. deepest
layer of the solar envelopes-in which
are the majority of all the gaseous
that compose the atmosphere
Of the sun.
The observer first noticed the two
brilliant bands when they suddenly
appeared, one on each side of the
dark absorption line of hydrogen,
while he was observing the dark line
for distortions and reversals in con-
nection with an active sunspot group.
Evening star., 1923-04-29

began to fight among themselves and
diverted the attention of the major
;ty from u.s. Only a small group fol-
lowed us to the edge of the hill.
When we reached the trail, we made
the steep descent in record time. Our
boys were a hundred yards ahead of
us. Osa. with nothing to carry, was
far in the lead.
Safe on board the Amour, we could
still hear the boo-boos marking the
time for the wild dance back in the
hills. At dawn, there was silence.
The dance was over.
Our next stop was Tomman, an
island about half a mile off the
southernmost tip of Malekula.
From the shore. we followed a
we'll beaten trail that led to village
near by In the center of the clear
ing, before a devil-devil. an old man
was dancing. Very slowly he lifted
one foot and very slowly put It down;
then he lifted the other foot and put
it down, chanting all the while in a
hoarse whisper. At the farther side
of the clearing, group of old saw
ages was squatting near a smolder-
ing fire, intently watching the oldest
and most wizened of them all, as he
held in the smoke human head, i'm
paled on a stick. Near by, on stakes
set in the ground. were other heads.
The men about the fire looked up,
not at all concerned over our sudden
appearance. AS for the old dancer,
he did not so much as glance our
way.
We went over to the men and spoke
to them. They paid scant attention
to Moran and me, but they forsook
their heads to look at Osa. She was
always a source of wonder and as
constituent to the natives. These old
mon went through the usual routine
of staring at her and cautiously
touching her hands and hair, to see if
they were as soft as they appeared
to be. d. ~
discovered that the old head-curer
knew beche-de-mer and could tell me
something OF the complicated process
of his trade. The head was first
soaked in a chemical mixture that
hardened the skin and. to a certain
extent, made it flreproof. Next, the
curer held 1t over a fire, turning and
turning 1t in the smoke until the fat
was rendered out and the remaining
tissue thoroughly dried. After the
head had been smeared with clay to
keep it from burning, it was baked
for some hours. The process con-
sumed about a week Of constant work.
The dried head was then hung up
for a time in a basket of pandanus
fiber, and finally it was exhibited in
tho owners hut or in q ceremonial
house.
The people Of Tomman do not go
on head-raids as do the men OF
Borneo. But II they kill an enemy
they hang his head up at home to
frighten of the evil spirits. The
heads Of enemies are roughly covered
with clay and hastily and carelessly
cured, but those of relatives are more
scientifically treated, for they are to
be cherished In the family portrait
gallery. While the natives OF Tom
man do not produce works Of art COM
parable to the heads treated by the
Maoris Of New Zealand, the results
Evening star., 1923-04-29

evidence that cannibslism is still
practiced in the South Seas
Later some of the cannibals
watched US search their huts. l took
their pictures. They grinned int"
the camera, as innocent as children.
We arrived at the beach a little
after dark, and the following day
sailed off on the first lap Of our jour
ney home. ] knew that my pictures
would help the western world to rea
lize the life lived by the fast-disap
pearing primitive races of the. earth;
and 1 had brought away with me
actual proof that cannibalism is still
practiced in the islands Of the South
Seas.
Copyright, by Houghton Mifiin Coz
Evening star., 1923-04-29
Dustless Roads.

CERTAIN roads have been treated
with a surfacing material of de-
linquescent salts that has made them
dustless and silent. The great diff
Guilty with waterbound macadam
roads has been to keep them at the
proper degree of moisture. They dry
out too much; then the surface wears
away and is scattered in the form
of dust. If such a road is kept too
wet, it becomes soft and crushes too
readily under heavy loads. But on
the roads above mentioned calcium,
magnesium and other chlorides from
the salt wells keep the surface at
the proper degree by gathering
moisture from the air and from the
soil below the roadbed and by re-
tanning water from rains.
Evening star., 1923-04-29
White Guests Race for Life From Thousand Menacn6 Sava

The first dozen got them. The next
hundred fought for them. The dance
ended in uproar
X X X
asa took to her heels and ran. The
~ boys grabbed up my cameras and
followed her. Capt. Moran urged me
to run, but 1 felt that. If we did SO,
we should have the whole pack on
us. Old Yellow Ocher and some of
the other chiefs came up to us and
yelled something that we could not
understand. We edged toward the
trail. The chiefs pressed after us.
yelling. Their men were at their
heels. Luckily Some of the natives
Evening star., 1923-04-29

shores were about half as long again
as they should have been and sloped
off to a rounded point. When child
is about three days old, a cloth woven
from human hair is fitted over the
head. This is soaked with coconut
oil to soften the skull. Then, after
few days, a basket of coconut fiber
is put on, and the soft skull imme-
diately takes on the elongated shape
desired. When the child is year
old. the basket is taken off.
The women of Tomman we found
trifie more independent than those
of other islands of the New Hebrides.
OF course, their upper front teeth
were missing-knocked out by their
husbands as part of the marriage
ceremony, the gap being the substi-
tute for a wedding ring.
Evening star., 1923-04-29

of their handiwork show a certain
dignity and beauty. One forgets that
the heads were once those of living
men, for they are dehumanized and
like sculptures. The natives not only
brought out heads and bodies for us
to photograph, but in exchange for
supply Of tobacco permitted me to
make a fiashlight picture of a big
ceremonial hut containing about fifty
heads and fifteen mummified bodies.
X X
TOWARD evening the women of the
J. village appeared with loads of
firewood and fruits and vegetables.
On top of nearly every load was
perched a child or young baby, it's
head fitted snugly with a basket to
elongate the skull.
The heads of the natives of these
Evening star., 1923-04-29

subsided into calm again. After that
there was an eruption every twenty
minutes from 10 in the morning until
in the afternoon.
n ETURNING to Vac, we attended
IN what might be called the New
Year celebration. Fires are made
among the islanders by the primitive
method of rubbing two sticks togeth-
err, and once a year, in the largest
house of the village. they make a big
fire, which is kept burning to furnish
embers from which all the other fires
may be lighted. At the end of the
year the fire is put out with great
solemnity, and a new one is lighted.
The ceremony lasts all day and all
night. 1t is called killing the
Mankki."
Natives come from other islands
near by, and by night there were
more than a Thousand people on Vac.
From early in the morning there
was dancing and pig-ki1ling i1 the
clearings of the three villages. The
different tribes did not mingle to-
gether. One group would come out
of the bush into the clearing, dance
it's dance, kill a score or so OF pigs,
and then retire 4into the bush again.
One especially good dance was a
snake dance. in which the. natives
brandished small snakes tied to CO.
coanut leaves They are deadly afraid
of snakes. At the end of the dance
each man killed his snake and fed 1t
to a pig. Then each man killed a
pig.
| The slaughter of pigs was enor-
mous-far more than could be eaten.
AS each pig was killed his tusks
were removed and placed upon plat
forms that had been erected to hold
them. Pigs tusks are always care
fully preserved. They ornament the
houses. They form necklaces for the
devil-devils. They are placed in the
! crotches of trees.
I was convinced, as the day wore
on. that pork was not the only meat
on the bill Of fare.
The savages were threatening in
their attitude all day. Even my to-
bacco did not thaw them out and
the old men muttered evilly every
time they looked our way.
BY dark the mob of savages surged
back and forth from one village to
another, shouting and singing. L
made great discovery for thirsty
America-that people can actually
get drunk on imagination. The ma
tives had no Intoxicating liquor and
yet they lurched drunkenly when
Evening star., 1923-04-29

Conclude Visit Where Sound BooBoos Is Summons Fd
Cannbsm Still Pacce the South Seas Obtained
People With Elongated Skulls and Band the Observed
AbornesTobacco Buys Views
Of Inerioro of fCeremo Hut
Evening star., 1923-04-29
BY MARTIN JOHNSON.

EAVING the nomads-the mon
key people who lived in the
barrian trees-our next an
Evening star., 1923-04-29

subsded into calm again. After that
there was an eruption every twenty
minutes from 10 in the morning until
in the afternoon.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
NO DEAD LEVEL IN NATURE
Gardener Seemingly Made Point in Dis
cussion With the Soap
Box Sage.

The gardener was trimming the
front hedge and the soap box sage
paused to converse with his acquaint-
ance welding the shears. The orator
soon had his favOrite theme going
Inc gardener was something of a phi
losopher himself and ventured to put a
question.
"Then you think humanity should be
kept trimmed to dead level like this
hedge"
Put it that way If you wish" said
the orator.
The gardener pointed to the side Of
the yard.
'Ah, but trimmed that hedge only
last week. Now look at it. So far as
we can see every branch had the same
opportunity. Yet some are higher than
the rest. You can't keep 'em down.
friend, you can't keep 'em down. =
Chi:agO Daily News.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
Gowns Are Trimmed With Jewels

The cold brilliance of sparkling Jew
els finds It's most effective background
In the subdued yet lustrous surface of
velvet; and the woman who uses il to
set off the glitter of precious stones
VIII wisely see to IL that the gown Is
simple In line. Metal cloth combines
effectively with velvet, for the hard
sheen Of one compliments the yielding
softness Of the other. Hardly a dress
these days appears without its bit of
gold or silver or glistening beads to
prevent mOnOtOny. Moreover a gown
all Of velvet needs something to give II
point and vividness. One dinner crea-
ton of black chiffon velvet exemplifies
the combination strikingly, with short
scalloped sleeves OF beaded silver It's
sue and an exaggeratedly wide girdle.
placed low about the hips. appearing
to be drawn through straps OF velvet.
Another has silver embroidery on the
inside Of swinging sleeve bands that
hang almost to the wrist, matching the
design In a slender embroidered orna-
ment In front where the waist meets
the apron skirt. There are rOsettes Of
gold and black velvet long sash ends
and girdles lined with gold tissue. and
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
CREATED A BAD IMPRESSION
Visitors Remark, to Say the Least,
Did Seem a Little Out
of Place.

l was visiting friends with whom I
was not well acquainted, writes cor
respondent of the Chicago Tribune.
They insisted upon my staying over.
night. had an important engage
ment for the following evening and
wanted to look my best, so 1 really
was anxious to get away; but upon
thinking it over finally consented to
stay.
That being settled, we went down
town to pass the evening, and while
two of the girls were in the middle of
what ought to have been an interest
Ing conversation to me l, thinking of
all L had to do before the following
evening and not having concentrated
on what they we're saying, blurted out
What time does the first train leave
in the mOrning?"
They both looked at me In great
surprise, naturally thinking I was ex-
tremeIy anxious to get away from the
town and them, too. In view of our
short acquaintance. words failed me.
and try as l would could not make
them understand.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
LOTS OF WOMEN
SUFFER THIS way
No Appetite, Thin, Weak and
NervouS-PainS in Back
Homework Too Hard.
SIMPLE HOME TONIC
Is WHAT THEY NEED

81 suppose lots OF women suffer like
did. and II they do 1 can tell them what
TO take, FOR l know. l tried dozens of
medicines and now I know the best
health builder and tonic in the world.
and ruggists say the same thing" de.
clared Miss Susan Dale. of Pittsburgh.
owe print her statement below for the
benefit of others)
Il was so weak was afraid to go out
on the street for fear of fainting or
IaiilnE' couldn't walk city block
NWluout WEAKNESS. l had no appetite.
didn't eat enough to keep a child alive
ana was thin and pale, / was just a
shauow. couldn't do even the lightest
Motk and every now and then had pains
IN my back. tried everything without
ana began taking IL regularly and IL is
positively wonderful. and OH how good
~ leels 10 be healthy and strong again.
l ENJOY the very best OF health. l work
ssNery uay-then go out evenings. / sleep
me and feel fresh as a daisy morninRs
! gained ten pounds in weight on Hypo-
zoo ana nave tremendous appetite 1t
punt me up all over and my system got
SO strong II threw on the old ailments"
STS9 9 Miss Dale. 247 Amboy St,
Thousands OF delicate. sic,lv woman
nave found that as soon as they take
this modern, powerful tonic and nut
themselves in the pink of condition they
throw OF minor ills and troubles and feel
splendid all the time. Hypo-Cod is pow
erful enough to do the work. Tastes so
nice everyone likes it, and 1t agrees with
even the weakest stomach. Right now
with winter here, we want to eat heavy
Matchmaking winter foods-hot cakes etc
Take Hypo-Cod. Enjoy eating sleeping
and being out I'm the cold Well people
don't mind the cold. Hypo-Cod costs only
one dollar per large bottle All drug
observation-disclosures
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
War Raging 70 Determine Which Style
Of Footwear Shall Receive
Women's Approval.

The sudden impetus which awak-
ened those engaged in the shoe indus
try was largely due TO the wonderful
success which a French designer had
with his creations The smart and
unusual shoes became famous I'm 1921.
II was Parugla who started the vogue
for the colored enameled trimmings
and contrasting stitchlngs on footwear
which are seen on the newest types
Of today.
Now there is a war raging between
the strap and the tongue and although
the tongue is receiving utmost promi-
hence IL Is prOphesled by several
American designers that this time the
strap VIII not be ousted from fashion
despite the unusual popularity Of the
Colonial slipper. It now remains for
women TO make their choice. Formerly
women were adverse to parting from
the strapped slipper because OF its
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11

unexpected inserts of metal In waists
and sleeves to catch and reflect the
light.
Evening clothes are different
thing, and when red velvet and gold
lace unite, one might reasonably ex-
pect something conspicuous II re-
quires a daring taste and strong per
sonality to carry it Off, but On such a
wearer II would inevitably be success
full. One Of the models for the horse
show was of this color, with a narrow
band Of kolinsky fur across the top Of
a tight bodice outlining the medium
decollete and encircllng the upper
arms. over the shoulders were mar.
row rhinestone straps. Half way dogn
the very full skirt was wide band Of
fur, from which hung deep layer Of
delicate gold lace. The bright colors
we're refreshing among many conserva.
tive styles.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
Important to Mothers
CROWDED OUT, AS 1T WERE
Under the Circumstances, Batter's
Complaint Did Seem Just a Lit
tie Bit UNREASONABLE.

An Englishman was persuaded to
act as umpire in a ball game between
an American and an Australian team
IN France. In the first inning. with
three men on bases, the star batter of
the American team stepped up to the
plate.
zone ball." called the umpire.
Two balls" called the umpire.
Three balls" called the umpire.
-Four balls, batter out" called the
umpire who was Immediately mobbed
by the members of the American team.
What dye mean by calling me out.
you big boob" shouted the irate vic
tim of the ruling
But, my dear fellow" explained the
Englishman, cant you see have no
place for ysu?"
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1923-01-11
COUNTY
DIRECTORY
OFFICERS

Judge Circuit Court, w. H. OBrien.
Ripley. w. Va.
Clerk Circuit Court l. l. Terrell.
Grantsville, w. Va.
Prosecuting Attorney, Lorentz @.
Hamilton, Grantsville, w. Va.
President County Court, @. P. @.
Taught, Sycamore, w. Va.
Commissioners County Court, G. A.
Witt, Grantsville, w. Va, and r. A
Board, CremO, w. Va.
Clerk County Court, s. T. Waldo,
0rantsville, w. Va.
Sheriff, George A. Richards, Grants
vile, w. Va.
Assessor, Creed Yoak. Milestone, w.
Va.
Surveyor, Dwight Shock. Pennsboro,
w. Va.
Superintendent Free Schools, T. O.
Cain, Bigbend, w. Va.
TERMS OF COURT
Circuit Court, third Tuesday in
April, August and November.
County Court, first Monday in Jan.
nary, April, July and November.