davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1923-02-11
Vocational Education Now Is Being Carried on in
Every County in Wyoming Save Three, Lewis C.
Tidban, Commissioners Of Education, Points Out.

and accrediting of high schools: dl.
rection of the care of handicapped
children through special classes,
speech clinics and other provisions
OF the special class division; surveys
of school districts and larger units:
establishing and directing norma:
training in high schools; cooperating
in the teacher training work of the
university in its summer sessions:
providing for Americanization classes
for f~orelgn-born men anC. women; and
the vocational rehabilitation Of those
citizens of the state who have been
rendered non.self-supporting by in
jury or disease.
The progress of the state in these
fields during recent years has been
enormous. The following statement
is an attempt to summarize this ad.
vancement.
Vocational Education Growing.
Vocational education. which en-.
braces training for work in the trades
and industries. for farm work. and
for homemaking. is now being car
ried on in every county in the state
except three. This work embraces
day trade training. like tho mine cleo.
trical classes in Rock Springs; night
classes like the oil chemistry class
at Salt Greek: high school agriculture
classes. now in twelve towns of the
state: short courses In agriculture and
kindred subjects, examples OF which
can be found at Lander. WorlanC,
~Torrington. etc.. and day and night
classes in homemaklng, child care,
millinery. etc. throughout the state,
This york is supported by financial
cooperation between the federal gov
ernment the state md the local com
munity, Its progress has been rapid,
showing that It Is meeting Il con
, 1923-02-11

the obligation o. a publ, :nstiuction
h r"rnI tel extension service
Tho extension apartment .:cmsists I
the necessary administrative force at
the university and. scattered through.
out the state. county agents, home
demonstration agents. and club work
ers whose mission it Is to convey TO
the homes of the citizens both young
and old the discoveries and informa-
ton OF any kind which the university
possesses. 1t makes it possible for
the whole people to go to school,. 1t
brings the school to every mans
place of business. The story of ex-
tension work in Wyoming is wonder
, 1923-02-11

stock. This increase in value exceeds
h entire cost to the state OF the
whole extension department for the
same year.
County agents have given most OF
their attention to the mans side OF
agriculture. but 1t is now being recoE.
nized that the woman has an import.
ant part in home economy. Seven
counties during the past be!nnium
have employed homo demonstration
agents who have encouraged md In.
structed rura women in the making
of clothing n hats. in the raising OF
poultry, in the caro- OF children. and
in the better preservation of food.
Under the leadership OF these women
thousands of dollars worth of clothing
has been prepared. poultry profits
increased, and the family menu i'm
proved by the preservation of surplus
vegetables and meats.
Boys and Girls Clubs.
It is the glory Of America that we
recognize tho value OF child life and
in the Extension service we are each
year discovering greater and great
or capacities for useful accomplish.
mept by the boys and girls. The club
agents carry on projects with young
people In the raising of potatoes:
maintaining of gardens: IN canning
clubs: poultry. mig, calf and sheeh
'y!;s1; %4c'Ic-1ecElnS "sueA.E-y%ysnsr
few years 1895 enrolled In this work
and have learned the satisfaction
which comes from doing well some.
thing IEafnI onI aNFHxr.r,, .or,t.t,..
ing on community leadership. o Edu.
cationaily. this is the fines type Of
instruction. 1t possesses practical
value n Intense interest. As a
demonstration. 1t shows the possibil.
ties Of Wyoming to skeptIoaI par
onts. In some states the boys first
demonstrated the possibilities of new
crops and pure bred animals which in
time became basic indsutr!cs.
In general, extension work which
started with lukc-warm interest II
not indifferent attitude on the part
Of the general public. las become
recognized as n wonderful agency and
the work is receiving Increased sup.
port year by yCar. In 1921 approx.
mately 1900 calls were made upon
the county agents for specific in,
formation of help. This shows an In
crease of 81 per cent over tho prey,
ious year and is In itself an indlca,
ton Of the increasing popularity OF
this department. We arc learning
that we are never too old TO learn.
Need for Buildings.
The physical plant of the Univer,
sIty comprises n number of splendid
, 1923-02-11

playing floor. a modern swimming
pool. a shooting gallery for the mill
tary department, and the usually &c.
cessoriesot a gymnasium. With the
advent VI the new gymnasium tho
faculty OF the physical education de-
rartment will be increased material
~ in number. permitting the plrtici.
patton OF all students in regular ply
steal exercises and play.
The program of health c~onservva-
ton will then include all students both
those physically needing development
rs well as Tho specially strong indI-
vlduals who now are capable OF max
ing the exhibition teams By the
rnTid growth of the school, other
buildings will, be needed in rnpll sue.
C~essIon; in fact, before they can peg.
sibly be erected even with plainly of
fund available Sixty.two acres Of
campus has been laid out for the new
BIZ. ClEES which must coma within
the dPcpdr Il the youth IF Wyoming
are not to be denied their birth.
right OF higher education. These
buildings include boys homes, engi-
neering building shops armory.
recitation hall. wOmcn's buildings.
biology building. college of education.
college of law, and administration
offices.
States Expense Less.
.n.h,Ar NV, E;nt@"IjT@~.,nc5H. m;rTrT.
erected from OF royalty income 1t
is especially appropriate that the nat
ulal oil endowment of the state can
be used to build permanent Un1ver-
slty buildings which become a bene-
1T not only to the young people OF
the present but to future generations
The modern buildings now oeing
erected should last for many decades.
Wyoming is wonderfully fortunate
in the endowment OF her university
4,ho7l Ian a0lus and OIL rOyalt es are
pning up an endowment the income
OF which is even now tightening ma.
terially the burden Of support. The
Federal government is assisting tho
agricultural college. the research
york. and the extension d partment.
OF the total instructional expense,
citizens of Wyoming are called upon
&C raise but 40 per cent in direct tax
es themselves from $3.50 to over 80
per inhGhitunt for the support Of their
state college. Over half the expense
VI AAS anu Al' uncut SAA-
ton is met by federal aid while in
capital outlay the federal oil royalties
now provide three-quarters of tho
money. Probably nc other university
in America has the opportunity OF
providing adequate college training
for lis youth with as small n burden
OF direct taxation.
In point of courses offered, in
qualifications OF distinguished fac
ulty, in buildings. equipment, and
general Institutional opportunity, no
other Institution presents such mani.
fest advantages for Wyoming stu
dents as does our own state univer.
slty. Its past service has been glor-
ious. It's present offering Is alluring,
and Is future Will he as great MS the
faith OF tho people OF the state wish
It to be.
, 1923-02-11

fully gratifying. There are now six.
teen counties with fully organized
forces and other countries arc APP
plying for county agents. In these
counties the work is carried on more
intensively, but the work also extends
to other counties. In fact, it Is state
wide.
Stockmen Enriched.
The county agents assist the men
In the rural communities in the adop-
ton OF better farming and r~anching
methods; assist in the formation of
rural agencies and clubs of all kinds:
promote Improvement in livestock;
poultry and crops. The work in
daIrying shows great promise and n
very live interest. The growth of our
industrial and mining centers is
creating a Inc local market for dairy
products. Interest is awakening in
pure bred stock. A total of 37s dairy
cows were shipped in under the en-.
couragement of the county agent dur.
ing last year. Sllos built and better
methods of a were inauGurated.
Demonstrations of wool Improvement
through culling and grading have
been held in many counties. a wool
pool OF a million pounds was formed
n Natrona county and n successful
sale resulted. Associations for the
rearing Of better hogs have been
formed enu q senD purercsr G""c5~"+;
in breeding and showing OF pure brod
stock. Fifty demonstrations were
given In v~accinating cattle against
hlnHL loo Mt uhfrh IITE had u+nr.,
~vaccinated and nearly n quarter mil.
lion doses OF vaccine were distribut.
ed. An outbreak of hog cholera was
discovered and controlled with the
assistance of the state veterinarian.
Rich Spells From War.
Through the county agents a on.
certcd campaign has been waged for
the elimination OF gophers and prairie
dogs. Nine hundred and fifty four
farmers and ranchmen co~operated
with the agents i n1922 scattering
43.112 pounds of poison bait and
clearing 10000 acres OF these pests.
It. was estimated hat the saving of
crops in five counties alone was over
$40. 900.
The festive Grasshopper has come
az AOA AAS hA4hAS u aANtllNlOl lit ny
securing cooperation in the dlstribu.
ton OF the posion. a measure OF con.
troll has boon achieved. In four coun.
ties alone tho farmers estimates OF
crops saved reached sec 900. If the
county agents have their way. free
board for rodents and grasshoppers
Will be a thing Of the past In the state
OF Wyoming.
Spud Profit Pays.
Probably the most promising new
development is in tho promotion OF
certified seed potatoes. Certified seed
potatoes, from northern and high
attitudes are in great demand IN
southern md eastern states. Sucl
potatoes bring double the price OF
table stock and ear be shipped profit,
ably. 100. 900 bushels Of certified seed
potatoes were produced in 1922 with
an average market value of $48, 900
above their market value as table
, 1923-02-11

in charge have brought return TO the
state mtLy times the cost OF their
maintenance. With the growth OF
the institution. research InuSt be eX-
tended net only in the departments of
~chcrnstr! nj agriculture tut to
newer fields in Engineering. IN psy-
choloEy. IN hi<to y. zoology botun,
and geology. Ia work of D~ Nelson
n ~totarIy' g L. OWN thror:SnGLt t2e
wo. d. D. hsrbarium wnIcn re Inns
collected IS wHi'out doubt tho most
complete and V" liable of any noun.
tain collection in America.
University Taken to- Homes.
It was a v!nt and inspirris lew. 81
, 1923-02-11

ganlzed intensive study of agricul.
tural problems has increased the pro-
d~uctiveness of our farms and ranches
both in quality and variety. The
Babcock milk tester and Holden's
corn breeding have added millions to
u agricultural wealth. The only H.
siitution studying WyomlnE'5 par
ticular problems is the state uni.
verslty. The peculiar condition Of
ctfna;e and altitude make the rtsults
obtnlnGc in other states unreliable.
NNyominS'B research laboratories
maintained under federal a]pproprIa.
tiuns are wonderfully efficient and
the discoveries made by the experts
, 1923-02-11
Field Work SuppIants Office Work For
State Department of Education Today

scious need OF the people Of the state.
The movement for Standardization
of rural schools is the result of an
effort to give the boy and girl on
the ranch and farm an "even break
In education. 4 standard rural
school is a school where n well nre.
pared teacher works under ny EiGnlc
anC comfortable housing conditions.
and with adequate and ~up-to-date
equipment. The movement was start.
ed in 1919. The end OF the first year
saw twenty rural schools employing
thirty teachers standardized: little
progress was made during tho next
year; but during 1929 the number
was increased more than 800 per cent
and by January l, 1929, more than
100 teachers will be teaching in these
up.to-date schools. With prospects
bright for $50 by September. 1923. BY
then. il this standard zation program
Is uninterrupted, and IL the cons II.
dation program which means a grad.
cd school grow where several un.
graded rura schools grew before.
goes on. not less than one.third the
country school children OF Wyoming
will be enjoying school conditions
such as were practically non.cxlstent
in Wyoming rural communities five
years ago.
High School Facilities.
The progress in the provision OF
high school facilities has been equal
ly marked. In the past two yenrs
not less than twenty towns and cities
have erected or arc now erecting new
high school buildings. Tho number
of four.year high schools in the stat
accredited by the state department
and the university has increased from
twenty.one In 1920 TO more thar
double that number this year. Crook
county. which, UP to a year ago, die
not possesses a single accredited
rouryear high school. this year hai
three. Moreover. provision has beer
made for accredited high schools o.
less than four years. for those small
Ter communities that can not sup
Continued on Page Twelve)
, 1923-02-11
BY LEWIS G. TIDBALL JR.
State Commissioner of Education.

Quite evidently, those who origin.
ally provided for the state depart.
ment OF Education had no idea Of
what has proved its chief line of de.
velopment. During the first twenty.
five years of statehood, the depart
ment did not function to any appre.
ciable extent IN the advancement OF
education or the Improvement of the
schools in the state. 1t limited its
activities to receiving and compiling
reports of County Superintendents,
distributing state funds and direct
ing, but not caring for, the certlfica.
ton of teachers. Six years ago. fol
lowing h survey of Wyoming
schools by the federal bureau of edu'
cation, n survey that disclosed educa'
tional conditions IN the state that
could hardly be duplicated through
out tho country. legislative action
was taken providing for a widening
OF tho activities and power Of the
state department OF education. This
action was based on the now univers'
ally accepted Idea that education is
the business Of the state. and that
poor schools in any wide area OF n
state are a mi to tho public well
fare.
Activities Transferred.
Today the chief activities OF this
department have been transferred
from the office in the state capitol TO
the schools of the state. Fled work
has suppianted office work as the
principal function OF the department,
Among these activities are the estab'
llshment and supervision. in cooper
alton with tho federal government, OF
vocational education: the s%tandardlZ'
alton or rural schools the inspection
, 1923-10-24
Get POWER WITH
HIGHWAY LIGHTS
Electric Service for Farmers
Might Follow Road Lighting
Anywhere, as in New York.

Electric service for farms Is usually
unavailable without special efforts on
the part Of the farmers unless there is
an electric light and power company
with electric distribution lines running
within reach of the farm. Yet the ex'
perience met with in territory near
Buffalo. N. Y. suggests a method of
automatically securing the extension
of the necessary power lines so that
farmers who desire the advantages Of
electricity can be connected up.
This possibility is bound up with the
installation of high intensity road
lighting units. The Illumination Of
many country highways in the towns
OF Amherst and Tonawanda. outside
OF Buffalo. has caused distribution
lines to be run along roads which pre-
viously were without them, and the
benefit to the farming district has
been w fold in consequence. The
farmers have had a finely lighted o
and they have been able to secure
electric service on their farms.
The installation Is not yet com
pleted in these towns. but as far as II
has gone every farm house along the
roads illuminated has been wired for
electric lights as well as o%uthouses
A number of these farms are dairy
farms, and these a~griculturists have
put in electric motors. by means of
which they are operating milking ma
chimes, feed cutters and grinders.
All this work. therefore. is now be
ing done by electricity on these farms
And the dairymen are jubilant over
the situation because 1t has solved al
ono stroke a most serious problem
They had been finding II almost i'm
possible to secure sufficient hired help
II was coming to such a pass that
many dairymen were worried day and
night over It. Now they are worrying
no more. They have made an expendi.
ture for electric wiring and electric
motors. and the work Is being done.
hired men or no hired men.
But It could have come to
pass had not the township been con
WINGED Of the necessity Of Illuminating
the highways. The highway lighting
plan calls for the lighting Of a hun.
bred miles Of roads with the General
Electric Company's new Novalux unit.
carrying $50 candlepower Mazda
lamps. This unit has excited a great
deal OF favorable comment wherever
put In, for 1t lights the roads so that
they are perfectly clear for miles.
, 1923-10-24
TAXABLE AND NON-TAXABLE

President Coolidge intends to stress
the matter of taxation. Figures COM
piled by the census bureaus will be
used to show how tax spending and
issuance of tax-exempt securities has
increased during a period when the
federal government was doing its ut
most to keep expenses down.
In some states taxes have doubled
in ten years. In general, taxation
averages about $40 per capita. In
some cities per capita tax for city gov
eminent alone runs to 81 a year. Av-
erage for larger cities is about $50
per year.
The increased burdens of taxation
of property, and the enormous shrink
age of income taxes due to investment
in all kinds of tax-exempt securities,
have gone hand in hand.
Until the laws are changed to in
clude all securities as subject to taxa
Lion, no one will be blamed for invest
ing IN non-taxables, which are still
10 be preferred to wildcat stocks
The Manufacturer.
, 1923-10-24
AFRAID OF PUBLICITY

In July the Anti-Saloon league of
New York warned the Legislature of
that state that it must not inquire into
the affairs of the league, as recon-
mended by the grand jury which had
indicted the leagues superintendent,
Anderson.
Now>we read that the league is in
the Appellate court of New York re-
sisting an attempt to get its receipts
and expenditures with the secretary
of state. The Association Against
the Prohibition Amendment contends
that the Anti-Saloon league is a po-
litical organization which actively en-
gagged in the primary and election of
1922, and ought to show what moneys
it received, and from whom and how
they were expended. Justice Staley
of the supreme court held to that eff
feet. The league appealed and now
contends that it did not support any
party, that its objects are "~educative,"
not political, and therefore it does not
classify as a political organization un-
der the corrupt practices act.
If the appeal is sustained on such
n distinction the publicity laws should
be amended. The distinction is moth
ing but sophistry. The Anti-Saloon
league is in politics up to its neck and
its "educative" objects are to tag can
didates as wet or dry and try to de-
feat any mar who does not take or
ders from the league. These are the
political activities of a political organ
ization, and it is as important that
they should be subject to publicity as
the affairs of the Republican organ
ization, the Democrat or the Socialist.
The contention that a candidate who
receives and spends money from one
of the party funds must make it pub
lie, while the Anti-Saloon league,
which may have done its best to de-
feat him, can conceal the sources of
the fund that fought him with and
the ann in which it was expended,
is certainly untenable in common
sense.
And the reluctance the New York
league has shown to submit its affairs
to public scrutiny indicates that pub
licity is needed. The league evident
ly wants to work in the dark and is
trying to protect its management
from inquiry. If 5000 Protestant
churches are backing the league they
should demand a policy of publicity.
Chicago Tribune.
, 1923-10-24

County of Park
Notice is Hereby Given, that the
undersigned has filed his Final Ac-
count and Petition for Distribution
of said estate with the Clerk of the
District Court of Park County, Wyo-
ming, where anyone interested may
examine said account and petition and
file objections thereto at any time
within thirty days after the last pub
LEGATION of this notice, which will be
published on November 14th, A. D.
1928, and if no objections are filed
therein he will make final settlement
of said estate on the 18th day of De-
cember, A. D. 1928, at ten o'clock a.
M, or as soon thereafter as the mat
ter may be heard.
Dated at Cody, Wyoming, this 18th
day of October, A. D. 1923.
G. L. JOHANSSON,
Administrator of the Estate of
Brita NJ. Johansson, Deceased.
Ernest J.. Goppert, Cody, Wyoming,
Attorney for Administrator.
, 1923-10-24

DR.. S. X. Mardis, head of the rural
education of Ohio State University,
at Columbus, said: "No person, either
native or f~oreign-born, should be per-
mitted to vote until able not only to
read and to write the English langu-
age intelligently, but until they have
a well-grounded knowledge of our
government and a patriotic concep-
ton Of the true spirit of the free in
stitutions of America"
, 1923-10-24

Rubber is now being transported
to this country from the East Indies
in the form of latex, instead of in
the blocks and sheets known to the
trade since the beginning of its his
tory. Tank cars for latex will soon
be a familiar sight on the railroads.
Latex is the white sap of the rubber
tree from which rubber is made. By
the use of ammonia the product is
handled without risk of hardening.
, 1923-10-24

They are turning tin cans into cop
per in Arizona. In many of the min
ing centers carloads of tin cans as
well as scrap iron r put through a
process to extract the copper from
water seepage pumped from the mines
The water contains a small quantity
of copper and the scrap iron and cans
go into solution and the copper is de-
posted in the bottom of the sluices
containing a scrap. A very low ex-
pense is evolved in this process.
, 1923-10-24

German buyers are boycotting the
world-famed costumiers of Paris. The
French designers admit that, since
the occupation of the Ruhr by French
troops, the import of French models
by Germany has dwindled. Many
Berlin firms are producing their own
fashions which they present to the
buyers by means Of skillful name
quins.
, 1923-10-24

Many Japanese are going to South
America because of the American
prejudice against them. The press of
Japan is urging them to take advan-
tage of the lenient immigration laws
of the southern countries.
, 1923-10-24

Farmers of Northern Wisconsin
are mixing honey and water and US
ing the preparation as an anti-freez-
ing agent in the radiators of their
automobiles. Ten pounds of honey
with an equal amount of water will
last through the winter and the solu-
iton is effective even at a tempera-
ture as low as 20 degrees below zero.
, 1923-10-24

A flock of Rocky Mountain goats
are allowed to roam about the build
ings at the naval powder factory at
Indian Head, Maryland. The goats
devour the dead leaves and other in
flammable rubbish, thereby protect
ing the powder house from fure.
, 1923-10-24

During the first week of each New
Year one al see in the older parts of
the Japanese cities groups of men and
women in a praying attitude, waiting
for the rising of the New Years sun.
This religious ceremony is called the
Hastu-Hinode.
, 1923-10-24
Twenty per cent discount on all
wash dresses and aprons at Volck-
mer's.

The Mexican Government consid-
ers dictionaries as advertising matter
and levies an import duty on them.
, 1923-10-24

Blueberries seven-eights of an inch
thick have been produced at the I'm
tied States Department of Agricul-
ture testing plantation at Whitesbog,
New Jersey.
, 1923-10-24

The Bow river in Alberta is so
named because wood well suitel for
bows grows onits banks.
, 1923-10-24

A slogan of the Zionist movement
is: LEAD the people without a coun-
try to the country without a people,"
, 1923-10-24

There are more than 500 distinct
kinds of birds of 50 families in the
United States.
, 1923-10-24
NOTICE

In the District Court of Park County,
Wyoming
In the Matter of the Estate of
BRITA M. JOHANSSON,
Deceased.
Notice of Settlement of Final Account
and Hearing of Petition for
Distribution
The State of Wyoming,