davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
Agreement or al Nations

bring another war in the course of
time. Benito Mussolini in Italy and
Bonar Law in England are both in
danger of falling at any time.
<Poland is reported to be ready to
fight the bolshevists again Europe
appears to be more unsettled than
al any time since the armistice. Sem
-ator Borah says the league is still
organized for war instead Of peace.
Only Great Britain has agreed to
repay her war, loans. 1t is stu
alton from which President Harding
resolutely wishes to keep aloof If
possible.
If the covenant of the league
should be overhauled and entirely
remodeled, then the question of the
United states adhering to It would
be given serious consideration.
Harding has never committed him
self against association with other
changes its covenant to eliminate
Articles Y and NJ and other features
found Objectionable by the Senate
President Harding would be favor
ably disposed toward joining. But
In the three years which have
elapsed since the Senate rejected
the covenant because of certain fea-
lures. there has been no,move on the
part of the league to meet those OBJ
iections. Until this is done President
Harding regards discussion on this
side as academic and impractical
Even Senator George Wharton Pep
per, in advocating membership in
the league insists that notifications
must be made in advance.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
AME R|CAN POLICY.
WINS BIC VICTORY
IN NE Got |AT|0NS
Toxic Loses Especial Inter
estS" Provided by Lansing
lshii Treaty

WASHINGTON, April 15.-Caucella-
ton of the Lansing Ishii agreement,
now officially announced by the state
department, has swung the door open
in China to all nations on an equal
footing.
1t wipes out the right of Japan to
special interests" in the rich and
helpless oriental empire, which were
gained under the agreement drawn u
in November. 1917, by Robert Lam
sing. then Secretary of State, and
Niscount Ishii. Japan@e ambassador
here at the time. This agreement pro-
Nided that Japan, because of her
geographical propinquity,'ha special
interests in China.
Abrogatiou of the agreement, Of
ficially announced Sunday night, is
the successful elimination of nego-
tiations which have been carried on
consistently by the Harding admins
tration under the direction of Secre-
tary Hughes, and which the Secretary
OF State pushed at the recent arms
conference here. The nine-p power
treaty, drawn up at the arms confer
ence, is regarded as sufficient guar
antee of the open door in China, and
no new agreement will be negotiated
To supplant the Lansing -Ishii agree
ment
Victory For Policy.
Secretary Hughes achievement in
having the agreement nullified is re-
ssrded as a signal victory for the
open door policy in China, which he
has steadily advocated. When the
Lansing lshii agreement was nego-
tiated in 1917 it created world wide
sensation, because it was at once in
terpreted as a REIMBURSEMENT by the
United States of the open door policy
laid down by John Hay. The nego-
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
NO PEACE WITHOUT
R { A GUARANTEES
CONTINUED from Page One)

suard her national security" Poin-
care said
After the war had been carried
on side by side for defense of our
respective ights-which has Great
ed between us an indissoluble COM
npnality of interests-can England be
sstonished that we intend in turn to
protect our frontiers against new
violations and to hinder nation
whose Imperialism appears incura
BILE from making subrosa prepara-
tons for new invasion?"
ForHfy France,
PoiRcare reiterated that peace gave
France only an incomplete and pre-
carious guarantee because of the
thinness of the Anglo French Ameri-
can defensive act.
Others promised to help US and
then refused" he affirmed. How
then can il not be- admitted that
we are justified in seeking to for
tify ourselves against the risks
likely to be just as grave as those
with which England formerly be-
lieved she was being menaced?"
The premier then stressed the le-
gality of the Ruhr venture under
the treaty of Versailles. saying that
France and Belgium could not re-
nounce their demands for separations
or accept any reduction. The Ruhr
experience proved. he stated. that
Germany could have delivered coal
due as indemnity and could have
paid in foreign currency the costs
of maintaining the allied troops of
occupation.
Had weSgranted a two-year guar
anteeless moratorium to Germany,
Berlin would have refused to nav
no averred we hold the euaran-
.oa a1td1,. no,, ard u,i11 ,,nt ,,iala
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
LIVING COSTS NOT To-
TRAIL RISE IN. WAGE
CONTINUED from Page One)

the finished product, it is apparent in
most industries that there will be no
immediate rise of prices to match.
Two major reasons are cited for
this phenomenon. Above all, mer-
chants who burned their fingers two
years ago when caught with large
stocks bought speculatively, on the
assumption that prices would stay
up. have now learned their lesson
This time they will buy cautiously
as they &C to supply their needs, with
no piling up of goods at present
prices.
Manufacturers declare that this
tendency has never appeared more
firmly than now. Regardless of the
fact that it was plain to most BUSH
ness men that wages would advance
and that prices would consequently
go up, TOO, there has been no buying
sta impede,
The textile industry is leading
example. 1t has been apparent in
New England since last autumn that
the united textile workers would per-
suade employers to restore portion
of the wage cut of 1920. Yet buying
was so cautious that manufacturers
following the lead of the dominating
American Wooden company, and ac-
tuated by strong competition, kept
their spring and even their fall prices
down. Higher prices, will be chalked
up when reserve stocks are ex
hausted, it is held.
o o o.
Fear Low Demand.
The second reason has been re-
current fear that if the wage in
creases are too promptly embodied in
prices, there will be sudden shrink
age of demand. Steel men in par
ticular remember the lesson OF 1920.
when a high pressure period of pro-
ducton was abruptly ended after
higher prices brought rain of cam
cellations,
a paradoxical rule of labor wages
is already beginning to make itself
felt as result CT the wage ad-
vances, Higher wages almost inva-
riably make for laXity among the
workers, partly because the added
margin of earnings makes it possible
to loaf occasionally. partly because
there is tendency to drift in search
of the most lucrative employment.
This tends slightly to agsravate
la Dor shortage. in a sense. but also
calls out labor sources normally I'M
tapped.
Another interesting development
has been tho steady drift of work
crs to out-of-door tasks. men in
every line tending to prefer outdoor
employment when wages are at the
same approximate levels.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16

date,.-eominunoating to me your un-
Outstanding of the views developed
by the discussion which You have re-
Gently had with this embassy i'm ref
erence t. the status of the Ishii-Lan-
sing exchange of notes of November
?, 1917,
Il am happy to be able to confirm
to you under instructions from, my
government, your understanding of
the views thus developed, as set forth
in the following terms.
The discussions between the two
governments have disclosed an identy
of view, and in the light of the under
standing arrived a by the Washington
conference on the limitation of arma-
ment, the Japanese and American
governments are agreed to consider
the Lansing correspondence of
November 2, 1917, as cancelled and
of no further force of effect
Accept. sir, the renewed assurance
of my highest consideration"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
REVENUES INCREASE
Illinois Central Handles Mudh.
Larger Volume of business -

CHICAGO. April 15.-An increase,
of s13,77S,7S1i i'm operating revenues.
for 1922 was announced in the sew.
emily third annual report of the u.
linois Central Railroad company I
made public tonight III
There was an increase of s12.756s!
929 in freight revenue ascribed to
the larger volume of business hand
led. The increase in traffic. accord :
ing to the report, was offset to,
considerable extent by 10 per cent
reduction in rates ordered by the
interstate commerce commission.
On the other hand, passenger rev.
enue decreased S4161000, as COM
pared with the previous year. de-.
cline in the volume of through pas
senger traffic. but, an increase in
noted: Operating expenses increased
the Chicago suburban traffic was
s2,276.936 during the year. ol3i
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
FOUR PILOTS W0DLD |
STEAR HARDING SHIP
-tContinued from Page oneD

standing political executives of the
age. But Hays connection with the
moving picture industry might, in the
opinion Of the Presidents advisers,
make indirect issues of Fatty" Ar
buckle Mary and Doug" Charlie
Chaplin and Bill Hart.
Hays, it is said, has offered his
services. They have not been de-
clined It is regarded as probable,
however, that the President Will con-
clude that the financial sacrifice on
the part of Hays would be too great
to suffer his temporary separation
from the pay roll of moving picture
magnates.
Adams Led Lost Causes.
John 7. Adams, chairman of the re-
publican national committee, has been
a pawn in the hands of other re-
his candidate over in 1912 and again
in 1916. There were very good rea
sons for failure in each year, it is
pointed out. Nevertheless. the poli
ticians concluded that Adams was a
Jonah" So in 1920 Adams was sup
planted by Hays. After the fight
Adams was again permitted to take
over the chairmanship of the commit
tee. In 1924 the indications are that
he will be shunted a second time.
It Is generally known that the
President Is chara cterized among
other things by fine sense of con-
sideration for the feelings of others
This pronounced characteristic will
doubtless cause the President to
pause before humiliatins Adams a
second time. 1t is regarded as high
ly probable, il not certain, however
that the master politicians in the
counsels will be able to persuade the
ha
at stake is of such major Importance
that sentimental matters cannot be
given consideration.
Thus, 1t Is the opinion in Washing
ton that Adams, in the psycholog fcal
moment, will be eliminated.
Harding Favors Bcown.
1t Is believed that were the Presi
dent able to select a manager with
out the pulling and showing and jerk
ing of politicians he would name
Walter Brown He is native of
ident the warmest friendship exists
Brown was the Presidents choice for
the Senate when he himself retired to
make the race for President. Follow
ing Browns defeat. the President
brought him to Washington and put
him in charge of the committee COM
missoned to reorganize the various
departments. The plan of Brown, al
though still in embryonic stages, Is
regarded by the President as very
commendable.
In tho old days, Brown was bull
moose, closely associated with Roose-
Welt and Johnson and bitterly opposed
to Taft and Harding. He is now.
however, as "reactionary' as the most
orthodox. 1t is said that the Presi-
dent has an idea that Johnson might
be disinclined to run IL his personal
friend, Brown, is at the head of the
Harding fight.
The situation is discussed here with
exceeding great interest.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
NARROWLY ESCAPE
Penn Hotel In New York Damaged
BY Fire

NEW YORK, April Is. = Several
persons were injured and several
others had narrow escapes when fire
trapped 40 guests at the Penn hotel,
three-story building in East For
ty-second street early today. The
blaze, starting in haberda sherry
shop on the ground floor, rapidly
sent dense clouds of smoke into
the upper stories and forced the
guests to take refuge on window
lodges. Several men and women
leaped from second and third floor
windows after throwing their mat
tresses to the street. Damage was
estimated at $4,000
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16

1t is said that England has $4,000
horseshoers, but that only 5000 have
passed efficiency examinations.
MOVES ENTERTAINED
The most noteworthy newspaper
gathering of the year was the dinner
which Sir Roderick Jones. chairman
of Reuters, Ltd, gave at the Claridge
last Monday, when 80 prominent
Journalists and publishers gathered
the Associated Press, who was in
London on the last stage of his trip
around the world.
Sir Roderick presided. with Mrs.
Moves at his right and Amba ssador
George Harvey at his left. Speeches
Moves, Viscount Burnham of the
Daily Telegraph. Lord Riddell and
Ambassador Harvey. The guests in
cluded representatives of nearly all
the London newspapers and the Brit
lsh press association. Among them
were: John Buchan, deputy chair
man of Reuters; Cary Clements, the
secretary; Maj. Claude Napier and
Philip Napier, all of the same organ
ization: Maj. John Aston. John Wal
tet and Sir Campbell STUART. repre-
senting The Times; Sir Joseph Reed,
chairman Of the press association.
and II. c. Robbins and G. B. Hodg-
aid chairman of the Empire Press
Union; Sir James Owen. chairman of
the newspaper society; Hall Rich
ardson, manager. and Col. E. f. Law
son of the Daily Telegraph; Sir Will
liam Berry of the Sunday Times; Sir
Andrew Card. representing the
Northcliffe papers; Harry Cadbury
of the Daily News: Ralph Blumen-
field, editor of the Daily Express Sir
Emsley Carr. editor of the News Of
the World; Ernest A. Perris, editor
of the Daily Chronicle; Hamilton
Fyfe. editor of the Daily Herald; T.
p. O'Conner, the veteran journalis.
and parliamentarian: Niscount Long
of Wraxall, Gordon Selfridge, Cod
frey Isaacs. director of Marconi's: Sir
Harry Britain, member of psrlia
ment and a pioneer in the promotion
of press organizations: j. A. Spender,
editor of the Westminster Gazette;
Sir Frank Newnes. editor of the
Newnes publications.: Sir Thomas
Bennett, NJ. p: Percy Hurd, NJ. p;
Sir George Maclaren Brown, repre-
sentative of the Canadian Pacific
railway; T. 7. Champion. correspond
ent of the Canadian Press; j. e.
Pole. chairman of the Montreal Star;
sydney Brooks. editor of the Satur-
day Review. Sir Robert Bruce, con-
troller of the London postal service,
and H. Simonis.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
PROBE AIR INDUSTRY
Vital business Is Threatened With
Extinction In America

WASHINGTON, April I5.-A spe-
cial board composed of general staff
officers has been convened by the
war department to investigate and
report to Secretary Weeks on the
aeronautical industry in the United
States. Indications that the industry
regarded as of first Importance to
the maintenance of modern air
force as part of the nations de-
Tense system. is threatened with ex-
tinction and faces little prospect of
Improvement in the near future un-
less new means can be found to slim
ulate it, is said to have caused the
department to take action through
a special board.
Horse-radish is a species of water
cresS.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16

tiations. too. were carried on with
out China's knowledge.
The nine-power treaty, signed by
the United States, Japan; Great Brit
ain, France, Italy. Belgium, Portugal,
The Netherlands and China, binds all
signatories to recognize the open door
and to refrain from entering any
agreement which would give special
privileges or superiority. commercial
or otherwise, to one power.
In note to Ambassador Hanihara
Saturday. made public Sunday night
Secretary Hughes requested the am
bassador, in view of the agreement
between the two governments as to
cancellation of the Lansing Ishii
agreement, for official confirmati ion
Hughes stated in his note thai am
identity of view and arisen as result
of the understandings reached in the
arms conference and subsequent dis
cussion with the ambassador re-
GENTLY.
o O o
Hanihara Replies.
Hanihara Immediately answered.
II have the honor to acknowledge
the receipt of your note of today's
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16

MERIDIAN Miss, April f5.-The
three day eighth annual convention
of the Mississippi State Christian En-
deavor Union ended here tonight.
Natchez was selected as the next
place of meeting.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
GETS NEW CHAIR

c. X. Zeilman, Nassau, n. Y. a
student at the University of Illinois,
will be instructor of physical edu-
cation at Birmingham Southern col
lege, according to information re-
ceived Sunday night.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
Ne " WAGE SCALE
BRINGS INCREASE
IN NAVY PAY ROLL
Prevailing Rates in Individual
Communities Made Basis
For Employees

WASHINGTON, March 15.-New
schedules of pay for civilian en-
ployes at navy yards and other shore
stations have been approved, Assis
tant Secretary Roosevelt announced
today, to be operative from May | to
the end of the calendar year Com
puted on the basis of prevailing rates
for similar work in the same locality
the new scales are expected to effect
a net increase in the navy's pay roll
although there will be some in
stances of reduction.
A new wage board will be organ
lied in the fall, Mr.. Roosevelt said.
to recommend wage scales for 1924
1t viii operate under revised regu-
lations. one modification from the
present rules being the prohibition
of its considering any confidential
data from private tablishments
The department feels, Mr. Roosevelt
explained, that the employees should
be given opportunity to scrutinize all
such data and to protest against con-
sideratlon of wages obtaining in any
establishment which they do not con-
slider representative.
The present rates, which are uni
form Throughout the service, were
established during the war emer-
gency with the announced purpose
of stabilizing the ship building and
ship industries. 1t was found in
practice. however. that pay for GER
tain trades greatly exceeded that of
others requiring equal or even great
Ell skill.
Receive Union Scale.
With few exceptions clerical and
supervisory workers. will not be af-
fected by the new schedules. Men in
the skilled mechanical trades, how
ever. will receive the pay of their
trades in the locality in which the
navy yard is situated. These wage
scales show wide variance in various
cities.
An example cited In the report of
the wage board upon which Score
tary Roosevelt acted was that OF
plasterers. who are now paid IS cents
an hour throughout the naval 4stab-
lishment. AS determine ed by the
board, they will receive S1.0S an hour
in Boston, 81 in New York, $3.50 in
Philadelphia, 7Sc in Washington and
Mare Island California.
Under the new schedules general
mechanical helpers who now receive
4Sc per hour will draw soc in Boston.
49c in New York. 4Sc in Philadel-
phia, Acc in Washington, SIC al Mare
Island and sc at the Puget Sound
yard.
Joiners, now listed at 73c. are
awarded rates ranging between the
maximum of 94c at Mare Island to
Csc in Philadelphia. Riggers, ship
wrights and ship filters in some
cases will have to take small re-
auctions.
Pilots and tug masters at New
York and Norfolk are awarded in
creases from their present scale of
$4,000 a year to $4,000, while a maxi
mum for similar officers in other
navy Yards wi be raised from s2.100
per year to $4,000.
The new pay schedule was ap-
proved by Mr.. Roosevelt, who was
acting head of the navy department
during the absence from Washington
Of Secretary DENLY.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
PRESIDENT AGAIN
WILL. WAGE BATTLE
ON LEAGUE ISSUE
Harding Believes Nation
Firmly Against WiISonian
World Ideal


WASHINGTON April I'm view
of conflicting surmises as to just
what lies in President Harding's
s.., o.io., fo,ai,,
nun" ui"s '"e
policy, 1t can be autnorltatiVely
stated that he will hew to these two
,iras ,vitbo,4 devia+;or
i. Participation In the information
al court of justice on conditions
which exemnt the ITnited States from
~ >,o.ia.a
ooIlsatiohsNol the League Oh Nations.
2. No membership in the League Of
Nations as that organization is now
orstit,,.oa
eo"s
In sense this policy is contra
dictory. BY joining the world court,
tho I-,i+ed s+.+ns would officially
iU "ou
League of Nations and would there
NV exnress its faith in that oreani-
zatloh as permanent "orIo- oNe IL
ing body. For the court has its en-
istence by virtue of a statute of the
ieae ue anu 10
by the assembly and council OF the
league.
o o o
HaroIhs convinced
Yet President Harding is as firmly
convinced as ever that the political
powers of the league make American
affiliation with 1t undesirable. He IS
selecting what he regards as the.
most healthy offspring of the league
and is throwing the moral support
of the United states behind it while
holding aloof from the parent Itself.
This is in accord with the principe
laid down by HarQlng during MS
campaign for the Presidency. 1t in
no sense indicates that harding is
swinging around TO the league
If the influence of former Presi-
dent Wilson, or James M. Cox, or
former Justice Clarke andithousands
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16

LONDON, April 15.-CBy Asso-
ciated Press -Great Britain is offer
ing a prize of $250,00O for the best
helicopter machine. The apparatus
will be REQUIRED to meet a certain
test, the details Of which will not be
made known for lseveral days.
All nationalIties, including Amer
leans. viii be eligible to offer de-
signs. The competition is expected
to bring out models which will over
come the defects in the present hell
copters. upon which the British gov
ernment has already expended $500
600 in experimental work.
The government would welcome
any invention enabling a flying as
cent from land in a confined space,
but prevailing opinion among aero
autical engineers is that even if hell
copters became really practical they
would always be more or less dan
serous as well as less efficient as air.
planes-of the same period.
1t is argued among the experts
that helicopters must be so devised
as TO land at % angle, not vertically.
\ vertical descent unless a descend
ing velocity of less than 10 miles an
hour is possible, would call for a
more elaborate shock absorbing APP
paratus than has yet been invented,
these experts maintain.
WOULD REGISTER FARMERS
The National Equine Defense league
is advocating law requiring the
registration of all farriers. 1t is
charged that IS per cent of the lame
horses in England are thus afflicted
because they are poorly shod
The farrier's craft is said to have
made no progress in 1000 years.
Many attempts have been made to
devise a better shoe, especially one
that would prevent horses from slip
ping on smooth or frosty roads, but
the leagues experts say that real Sc
curity is In the horses own feet. II
properly shod. the frog of the foot
should touch the ground and thus OBJ
viate slipping. Ignorant owners and
farriers do not understand this, the
league contends. They cut the frog
down and lameness results.
A horseshoeing competition held
during the past week to encourage
efficiency drew entries from 5000
London farriers. Each competitor
was allowed 80 minutes in which to
make two shoes, putting one of them
on the foot. However. there was
none of the picturesque village
blacksmith in the scene, for the far
riers worked at electric furnaces.
Shields prevented sparks from flying
and school boys We're hustled away
by a burly constable.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1923-04-16
New Issue

Exmpth from Municipal andL ocol7ax
$75,oooooo
Ten-T Year
Federal Land Bank 40 Bonds
emahIe January
Interest 1 % $S S 81 : @ e. @ & s 5 payable
T'E yavh @-' '
% ann, of
Operation: active
well ls re dv-
Government a
Ac thai the han be awhl
ana
savings
The United States
whchw
now sove FedAaI Lane BanBo
GovenmenuI s
""' the s Farm "
Price 1oo1z% and Interest, yield 4.45m
to emsb and I
Alex Brown & Sons Harris, Forbes Ga.
Brothers & Hiuunson =
National City Company Guaranty Company oil ewyork
which . :.