davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-02-09
METALS

NEW YORK. Feb. Stopper steady: eiectrolytic. spot and futures. 15915Mc. lures 4os7c. Iron steady: prices were unchanged. Lead steady: spot, s@s.25c. Zinc steady: East St. Louis. spot and nearby delivery. 7@7.1oc. Anthony. spot. 7.12c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-02-09
Hubbard Bros & Co.

STEEL NEW YORK. Feb. s.-Steel unchanged.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-02-09

RAW SILK
 NEW YORK. Feb. s.-Raw silk was un- changed today.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-02-09
CITIES SERVICE QUOTATIONS

(Furnished by Henry T.. Doherty Co.,,
 American Trust Bldg)
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Newark Auto Club Organized

The directors Of the newly formed
Newark Automobile Club met at the
Chamber of Commerce rooms Mon
day evening and organized by elect
ing the following officers: Lee Boiler,
of the American Motor Truck Co.,
president; Robert Hamilton, of the
Hamilton Car Co., vice president;
William Pettibone, White Lumber
Co., secretary and Charles McGruder
Home Building Association, treasurer.
Merle Montgomery, Clarence Kelsey
and ". w. Davis were appointed to
select permanent headquarters. The
Club starts out with about five hun
dred members, which it is expected
will reach the thousand mark within
the year.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

Thirty-five candidates were initial
ed into the Newark Knights of Co.
lumbus, after attending early mass
at the Church of the Blessed Sacra-
ment Sunday morning, and the GER
emonies were enjoyed by many visi-
tors from Columbus, Mt. Vernon,
Coshocton and Dennison. The first
degree was put on in the morning
and after dinner at O'Neill's restau-
rant, the second and third were con-
ferred in the afternoon, by the cele-
bratde Columbus team, under the di-
rection of Past State Deputy Thomas
j. Duffy and staff.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Defunct New King Co. Paws 7O%

The first report of G. C. Barber,
receiver for the bankrupt New King
Co., shows the cash receipts to have
been $21,717.97, disbursements $3,-
3O6.43, leaving cash balance of
S18,411.54 for distribution among the
creditors, which is approximately
seventy cents on the dollar.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Death of w. III. Mercer

William H. Mercer, of So North
Pine street, aged thirty-nine years,
died at the City Hospital Tuesday
morning from complications, follow
ing an operation for hernia. He is
survived by his wife and two broth
ers. The funeral, conducted by Acme
Lodge, No. 554, F. & A. M. was held
in the Methodist church Thursday af-
ternoon and burial made in Cedar
Hill cemetery.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Able to Be Taken Home

George Provin, the B. & 0. brake
man who had his foot badly mashed
a couple of weeks ago, was removed
from the City Hospital to his home on
Wing street Sunday.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Dance by Young Women's Club

The Young Women's Catholic Club
has issued invitations for dance at
Elks hall on Tuesday evening, Janu-
ary 81, from nine until half-past
twelve. The program will be arrang-
ed by the Reichert-Wyeth orchestra.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
+. Nj. M. Club Meets

The members of the F. M. M. Club
held an enjoyable meeting at the
home of Mrs William Dover, on Leroy
street, Thursday afternoon.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Social Event at Somerset

At the dance at Colonial Hall, Som
erset, on Wednesday evening, Janu-
ary 81, the program will be arranged
by the Reichert-Wyet orchestra of
this city.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Birth Announcement

A son, Arnold Jesse, was born to
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Stasel, 121
South Second street, Tuesday, Janu-
ary 16.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION Ness
Meets first Monday Of each month,
t.15 p. M, at Trades Assembly Hall
Charles Roeser, President; W. Z.
surton. Secretary Treasurer.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
City Notes
Has the Grin

j. S. Teagarden, of rs Allston ave
nue. is confined to his home by a at.
tack of the grip.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

Plasterers and Cement Finishers
Local No. 303 meets first and third
Tuesdays, 7:30 p. n, at Engineers
hall 11h East Church street. J. D.
,!vers. Pres; c. d. Fleming, Sec.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Harbin ger of Spring

The first robin so far reported
made its appearance on West Church
street Sunday afternoon.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
Roster OfLOCaIUniOns

TRADES AND LABOR ASSEMBLY
Meets second and fourth Sundays,
900 q. M, at Trades Assembly Hall
Victor Walk, President; Gottlieb
Zinn, Recording Secretary, J. Oscar
Juch, Financial Secretary.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26
RETAIL CLERKS, LOCAL 1.s

Meets last Wednesday each month
at Trades Assembly Hall, West Main
street. Chas. Cooper, Prs; VIM. A.
Archer, Secretary.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

ELECTRICAL WORKERS No. 172
Meets first and third Thursdays,
Trades Assembly Hall, d. e. Mason,
Pres; Sam Alsdorf. Sec'y-Treas.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

Electrical Workers No. 1105, Inside
Wiremen, meets 1st and 3rd Friday
evenings at o'clock, at Trades Ass
hall. A. N. Evans, Pres; Chas. Belt,
Fin. Sec'y and Treas; G. O. Roe, Corr
Sec'y.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

Engineers Local $50, 1. U. of 8. & o. E.
Meets 1st, I'd and Sd Wednesday
nights at Engineers hall 111a East
Church ST Chas. Iden, Pres, w. L.
Jackson, Rec. Sec'y, Jamss Banner,
Fin Sec'v
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

BARRIERS LOCAL UNION No. ia
meets in the new Trades and Labor
hall, 1914 West Main st., every third
Monday evening at 8 o'clock. Joseph
Spettle, pres, J. H. Sharritt, secy-
treas
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

CARPENTERS LOCAL No. 1876
Meets second and fourth Fridays of
each month at convention room in
court house. G. Fl. Morgan, pres;
Stanton Hilleary. secretary,
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

Boot and Shoe Workers Union Local
286, meets the last Tuesday in each
month at s p. M, 81 Hudson avenue
All members are requested to be
present. J. M. Broughton, Pres;
Paul Fatig, Vice Pres; VIM. Fish
baugh, Fin. Sec'y and Treas; Frank
Fishbaugh, Rec. Sec'v. Phone 52O7
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

BREWERY WORKERS LOCAL 1862
Meets every second Monday of each
month at Trades Assembly Hall, 1880
p. m. Charles Dean, President; John
Dix, Fin. Sec'y, 43 Wilson street.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

BLACKSMITH, DROP FORGERS
AND HELPERS UNION No. 323,
meets End and 4th Monday nights at
Fromholtz hall, Cor. East Main and
Webb. Clifton J. Hawkins, President.
Harry Clemings, Rec. Sec, r. D. 8.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

A. A. Of St. & E. Ry. Empl. of a..
Meets third Monday of each month,
at 1000 a. m. and Z p. m. at Trades
Assembly hall, West Main s.. Martin
Luther, pres; Stanley r. Bishop,
recording sec'y; c. F. Martin, financial
secretary,
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

B. & o. LOCAL FEDERATION
Meets every Wednesday evening at
$50 o'clock at Engineers hall, East
Church street. w. H. Pugh, Pres.
G. F. Tagg, Vice Pres; Frank Kane,
ecretary-TreaSurer
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

AMERICAN FLINTS No. 80
Meets first Saturday of each month,
p. M, in Trades Assembly hall. Vic.
Walk, pres; Gottlieb Zinn, sec'y;
Fred Gebhart, fin. sec'y-treas.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1923-01-26

tNTERN'L MOLDERS UNION 2O5
Meets second and fourth Tuesdays
Vogelmeier's hall, 4th and Railroad.
Geo. Lewis, Pres; Henry Staugh, Vice
Pres; Warren Wort, Fin. Sec.; Earl
Howell, Treas; w. E. Schoeller, Rec.
and Corr. Sec'y.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
IOwa's Reserve Army Will
Hunt Down Bootleggers

Des Moines, Ia, Feb. 5-A
reserve army of 200 deputies,
ready for instant duty in their
respective townships, will 90 far
toward solving the difficulties
which vicious roadhouses, boot
leggers, and speeders have caus-
ed Polk county authorities,
That is the belief of Sheriff
Park Findley. successor to Win
fred E. Robb. the fighting par
son, who went out of office Jan.
= in the middle of a legal SQUAD
BILE over ''who got the county's
booze" ~t .-.,
Under the system which Sher-
iff Findley has instituted. at the
suggestion of County Attorney
Vernon Seeburger, every town.
shin has a captain who was
sworn in as a deputy and given
permission to carry q gan,
The captain, with other depu-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
Washington Man With
Suit Case Held for
Grand Jury
GIVES $500 BOND
After Case is Dropped on
Street Unmistakable
Odor of Liquor is De-
tected.

- Thefsaestion of what e0nsti-
tutes personal baggage will pro-
badly figure prominently in a
most interesting case shortly be-
fore the corporation court when a
man giving the name of Jack
Davis and his address as Wash
ington. will face grand jury on
a charge of violating provisions
of the state prohibition law.
Davis, following a preliminary
hearing in police court today be-
fore Acting Police Justice A. B.
Nicol, was held for the grand
jury.
A suit ease containing a shirt,
a big bandana handkerchief, and
other articles, together with two
broken half gallon fruit jars and
the unmistakable odor of liquor
was the evidence offered. In ad-
dition there was a small glass
such as is usually used for whls-
key. .
According to the testimony OF
Policeman Lawrence Padgett, the
man. after he came upon nm
last Saturday afternoon on lower
Queen street. gave his suit case
several bumps on the ground, and
soon the case began to leak
When he arrived at police head
Quarters Policeman Magner
squeezed some of the fluid out OF
the clothing and held it for evi-
denee which was offered the court
today. 80.
Attorney Charles Henry Smith,
who represented Davis, held that
Davis carried within the meaning
of tbe law bona f1e baggage. lie
.contended that, therefore DAVIS
could not be legally held.
! Coz .Conamonwealth's Attorney VIII
liam P. Woolls, however, said ne
thought the case was Tor tne
~rand jury to settle. Davis Ia la,
49, rava hond in the sum OF S5oo
for. his appearance before 'ne
grand jury.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05

ties under him, has authority to
inspect roadhouses, hunt bootleg
gers and chase speed maniacs.
He is empowered to make arrests.
The plan was recently laid be-
fore the leading men from the
townships and received their sup
port, Prominent men ina each
township were chosen as cap
tains and made responsible to the
sheriff for the men under, them.
The sparsely populated rural
districts have always furnished a
problem to authorities. seeking to
apprehend criminals and several
states, have organized state. police
to meet these difficulties. 5,,.
With county police ready, for
instant mobilization and serving
asa nucleus for. a posse tina,
might be organized at any time,
Sheriff Findley thinks he. can
make Il the 'hand" of q the law
fully as quick as the "eye."
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
Pile Driving
Task Complete
Cement Block For Forln-
dation Of 0. D. Boat
Club to be Poured

The work of driving the piles
for the clubhouse of the Old Do
mirion Boat Club 10 be erected
at the foot of King street has
been completed. Workmen are
now engaged in tie task of dig
ging holes for the pouring Of the
cement block which will corr
stitute the foundation of the
club house. It is expected, if the
weather conditions prove favor
able. that the work Of pouring
the block will be started this
week. As heretofore stated the
D. F.. Bayliss hopes 10
complete the building and have II
ready for occupancy by May /.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
Richmond Man Is
Tied And Robbed

Richmond, Feb. 3.-A report OF
an alleged daring robbery was
made TO the police last night ny
Charles II. Roserfeld, about %,
who said ne was bound, gagged
and robbed by two white men last
evening ut $50 O'Clock in his
fathers jcwclry store, 1906 West
Broad Street, according to in
formation obtained at Police
Headquarters.
Rosenfcld, according to his re-
port to the police, was forced by
the two men to go to the rear OF
the store. where he said a pistol
was Eointcd in his face. He As
serted that he was then bound
and a handkerchief placed over
his face.
I A chisel was used by one of
the robbers to prize open a cash
box in the safe, from which sos
was stolen, Rosenfcld told the no
lice. The young man also said the
two strangers ransacked his pock-
cts and stole SIS from him. The
two men, Rosenfeld asserted. also
stole two Ingersoll watches from
a show case. Other watches in
the same place were not touched.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
CONFERENCE AT LAUSANNE "
FAILS WHEN TURK ENJOYS .
REFUSETO SIGN PEACEPA
Narrow Escape
In Auto Wreck
Arthur King, Wife and
Child in Auto-R. d.
Holloway Fined

Arthur King, of the firm of
Charles King and Son, incorpor-
ted.. and his wife and little baby
had a narrow escape from serious
injury at s o'lock last night
while going north OH Washington
street when an automobile driven
by p. L. Holloway OF No. 6 No.
Washington STREET, extended, col
lided with the Hupmobile Mr.. King
was driving. Tie King machine
was badly wrecked and damage
done is estimated at $3.50. The
Ford car driven By Holloway was
as a result Of the col
iisicn.
Holloway was taken in custody
Sy Policeman Magner and was
charged on the blotter by the po-
liceman with colliding with pr.
Kings machine AID he was also
accused by the p.lice of operating
an automobile while under the
influence of liquor.
Nh, King stated he was going
north on Washington street and
was on the right side and that
came over on the
wrong side of the street. Police
man Magner testified that Hollo-
way had n hall pint of liquor on
his person when taken in Gus
tody.
Holloway denied being drunk,
but told the court he had taken
one drink from the bottle and ne
further stated that he endesvored
to get out of the way of an ap-
oroaching machine at the inter-
section and this caused him to be
On the wrong side Of the street.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
.Elks To Put On
Class Initiation
200 Washington Elks
With Band Here
Next Monday

Alexandria Lodge No. 758, Ben
evolent and Protective Order of
Elks is planning a big time next
Monday night when a class of
fifteen candidates will he initiated
by the degree team of the local
lodge. The degree team of Wash
ington Lodge of E!ks aecompan-
led by about 200 members of that
lodge and the Elks' Band wilt
come here for the event and they
will stage a parade on King
street from Alfred street to the
Ell;s' Home. After the degree
work social session will be held.
Arrangements are also being
completed by the local lodge for
participating in the big parade
which will be held here February
90 gu-Crf! frf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
Cold Wave Will Hit
All OF East Tonight
By United presso

Washington, Feo. 3-A cold
wave of marked intensity will
grip the entire eastern portion of
the United States tonight. the
weather bureau forecast today.
Every state east of the Mississip-
ri will be affected, the bureau
stated. Present indications are
that the cold weather will hang
on for several day.
Even Florida viii be enveloped
by the cold wave, with frost and
below freezing temperature fore
cast for Sunday night in the
central and extreme northern sec
tions.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
british Plan to Bomb
arAngora in Case of War
M un.tcd rress.l

London, Feb. 5,-Britlsn ar
forces will bomb Angora, capltai
of Turkey, if the turks attack
Mosul. it was understood today
as plans of the war office and the
cabinet in the near east crisis
we're p partially disclosed.
Britain having left Lausanne
because the Turks refused to sign
a peace, treaty drawn there after
months ,rof negotiations now
plans to make formal representa-
tion to Turkey through Ismet
Pasha, warning the Kemalists to
maintain. the Hudania armistice
pact or theqBritish carefully pre-
pared to defend. their interests
in; thes near east.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
TO CLEAN UP
BOO1LECCERS
ON ATLANTIC
Huge Drive Starts in
Pennsylvania and
D. c.
MAKE GREAT PLANS
States of Interior Not in
Fight is Opinion of
Dry Workers.
MAKE GREAT PLANS
1Ry United Press.l


Washington, Feb. 5.-The Fed
eral Prohibi:.::5n Bureau has set
out to purge the Atlantic sea-
board of bootleggers and snug
glers in the greatest cleanup
campaign it has ever launched,
Iii was revealed here today.
Intense drives against profes-
sional violators in Pennsylvania
and the District of Columbia dur
Ing the past week inaugurated
the campaign which is destined
to spread in coming weeks to
New Jersey, New York, Maryland
Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and
ultimately to the South Atlantic
states.
Inland states whose enforce
ment problems are not urgent
have been practically stripped of
general prohibition agents 10
form great mobile force now
concentrated in the East for the
present drive. They are under the
leadership OF the most capable,
trained chieftains at the command
OF Federal Prohibition Director
Haynes.
The campaign is the result of
months of careful planning and
work by federal prohibition au-
thorities here. 1t has entitled the
reorganization of most of TIE in
land divisions of federal enforce
merit forces and the delegation OF
routine local enforcement, former
ly handled by federal agents, to
state authorities. 1t is the first
manifestation of new enforce
men, policy of the Federal Pre-
Inhibition Bureau. - at
For months Prohibition Com
missioner Haynes has been seek
Ing to- free federal forces from
the burden Of doing enforcement
work for states which he CON
siders bound by the Concurrent
provision Of the eighteenth amend
ment to handle their own en-
forcement problems, in order that
the federal government may un-
6ertake a big drive such as the
present one.
On every occasion Haynes has
preached the gospel of concur
rent responsibility with this OBJ
iect in mind. His efforts have
been drowned with enough sue
cess to make the present concen-
tration possible.
As above slater more and more
local enforcement, the federal
forces will Withdraw from it, to
be diverted to the mobile force
just created, As the mobile force
grows, it may be divided to make
simultaneous operations in wide
ly separated points possible.
The bureau here is reticont to
the point Of secrecy on its dc
tailed plans for the present cam
paien., Officials Of the bureau de-
clare they have no intention of
advertising their movements for
tho information Of bootlcggcrs.
1T is not denied however. that
the concentrations are under way
in specified localities, and that
Commissioner Haynes recent ef-
forts have been principally ac-
tive to make them possible.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
Alexandrian is Indorsed
by Many
Posts ....
JUNE CONVENTION
Reports Are to Effect He
Will be Without OPP
position at st. Paul
Meet in June

According to word from Rich
mond every post Of the Travellers
Protective Association in Virgin
ia will indorse Col, J. I. VIII
liams for national president Of
the Travellers Protective Associa-
tion at the annual convention of
that organization which will be
held in st. Paul. Mimi, next
June. In addition hundreds Of
letters from other posts through
out the country have been re-
ceived indorsing his candidacy, it
is announced
For a number of years Mr..
Williams has been national COM
mittee chairman and is very pop
ular with the members of that
organization from all sections,
especially so at the present time
following the victory of the trav-
cling interests of the country in
their fight for mileage tickets,
which was engineered by him and
for which he is said TO be largely
responsible. It is predicted that
Mr.. Williams will be without OPP
position for the head of the Or
ganization. i,,,..A t..t
The state will elect delegates TO
The national convention at the
Virginia convention in Newport
News next May.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
ReRport, Uncon1lrmea'
Says French Killed
9 Germans
CURZON GOES HOME
Ishmet Pasha Seeks to
Place Blame For Par
ley Break on Other
Shoulders.
INV United Press.l

Lausanne, Feb. 5.-Allied dip
lomats sought a means to avolo
war in the near east today, fol
lowing collapse Of the Lausanne
conference.
Ismet Pasha, Turk delegate, al
so attempted peaceful maneuversi
seeking to avoid responsibility
for the breakdown that followed
his refusal to sign the peace
treaty presented by the allies,
Marquis Curzon, head OF the
British delegation, went TO Paris
last night, quitting the parley
after the allies and American
observer Child had pleaded vain
ly with the Turks to sign.
The French and Italians re-
manned here.
Ismet PashA issued a state
ment. saying the Mudania armls-
tiee pact will remain in effect
"until Lausanne ends" he pre-
tends not to recognize that the
British withdrawal is tantamoun'
to collapse of the conference.
Still arguing details OF the
proposed treaty, the Turk insist
cd allied proposal regarding for
eign Judiciary are unacceptable
because they retain spirit of thi
capitulatiops. 1t was one of the
chief tasks of the parley to fine
a substitute for the capituations
The French and Italians gave
indications they would follow the
British example, and bring the
conference to an end, letting
Turkey take full responsibility II
the eyes of the world in trouble
in the near east ensued. There
was possibility, however, tina
the French government would IN
struct its delegates to attemp
agreement with Ismet Pasha ol
the points under dispute, for II
certain Paris circles complete
breakdown of the conference wa
not recognized; it was polnte'
out that France recently refuse'
to abide by the British ultima
tum which put a time limit oi
Turkeys acceptance of the treaty
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1923-02-05
FRENCH TIGHTEN HOLD
ON GERMAN RAILWAYS

Berlin, Feb. o.-Ihe Freneh
extended their hold on German
territory over the week end and
today consolidated positions that
give them strangle hold on rail
transport between Germany and
Switzerland.
Cavalry, infantry and artillery,
pushed forward from the Kehl
bridgehead. held 0ffenburg and
Appenweier, on the edge of the
black forest. The Frankfurt
Basle Railway lies in the French
grip.
The move, which was entirely
unexpected here, was declared by
the foreign Office to be a viola
tion of the Versailles treaty, etc
but the French point out the Ger
mans have stopped two important
Paris expresses, the Orient and
the Paris Prague. from crossing
Germany and it is believed the
new occupation is in the nature
of a reprisal. 1t also gives the
French strategic control of Slut
tgart, across the Black Forest.
Trouble was reported from va
rious parts of the Rhineland Sun
day. A German child was shot
apparently accidentally by a
French sentry at Duisburg, An
unconfirmed report from May
enee said nine Germans had beer
killed following q rail tie up near
that point, in which French troops
were delayed and fired into &
crowd. Disturbances startei by
Communists in the Ruhr were
broken up by French machirs gur
fire.