, 1923-02-22
TO HANDLE A.,
CHILLED MOTORS
Suggestions and Tips That Make
1t Easier to Start Car Dur
ing Cold Weather.
DIFFICULT TO START ENGINE
Much Trouble Caused by Lack Of
Knowledge on Part of Driver as
to What Takes Place Under
Hood-Other Causes.

It is not infrequenr in cold weather
to see cars being flowed in" to service
stations because Of difficulties of the
motorist in getting the engine started.
These difficulties in a great many
instances are due to lack of under
standing on the part of the driver
as to what takes place under the hood
when e~ndeavoring to start the motor.
For the benefit of those motorists
who nave not yet learned precisely
of the influences of cold weather that.
retard the easy starting of the en-
CINE the following instruction has been
obtained from an experienced service
man.
Causes of Difficulty.
There are three main reasons for
difficulty in starting the motor in
cold weather:
L. Poor mixture of gas.
.. Reduced efficiency of battery.
3. Stinr motor (most frequently
caused by lubricating oil hat is too
thick or viscous for winter use).
An understanding of the changes
brought about by a lower temporal
ture on the ca%rburetor, electrical
equipment and oil will help overcome
the difficulties of driving in air sea
sons.
The functioning of the carburetor
is to vaporlze the gasoline and mix
ii with IN adequate proportion of air,
which, under compression, constitutes
the explosive mixture. Heat and cold
have very definite influences on the
carburetion of gasoline.
Gasoline is n volatile liquid and
easily vaporized under the influence
of heat, being less susceptible with Il
decrease in temperature. The gaso-
line vapor is just as easily reduced
back TO liquid form under the infu-
ence of cold. Thus a cold thrush of
air through the carburetor will re-
suit in a very weak mixture OF air
and gasoline vapor. Therefore 1t fol-
lows that the carburetor must be adj
justed to give a stronger or richer
mixture when starting the motor UNI
der cold weather conditions.
Battery Has Limitations.
The only part of the electrical
equipment influenced by the cold Is
the battery, which provides both the
power to rotate the starter M the
current which induces a spark at the
plugs. When called upon to rotate
the motor by means OF the starter the
battery sets free all its stored-up en-
ergy to be used without restraint.
However, even a battery has Its limi.
atlons and can only store up so much
mercy.
Furthermore, II is true that with a
lowering OF the temperature the eff
iectlveness OF the storage battery de
SO II follows that In cold
weather the starter is less able to do
its work because Of deriving less
power from the battery than under
normal weather conditions.
Heat causes oil TO become thin and
low easily. Cold causes II to CONCEAL
nd become vlscous OF sticky. II is
'eadily susceptible to either influence.
Tho moving parts of the motto are
.overed with oil. which becomes con
senled II the motor Is left to stand
die at a low temperature. IL It be
,oid enough the motor Will literally
become frozen. 1t Is then that the
starter Is called upon to perform Its
hardest work.
Lubrlcating oils are obtnlnnble In
sarylng degrees Of vlscoslty or thick
aess Mt normal temperatures. They
hre usually termed arctic. light, me
ilum and heavy grades, arctic being
the thinnest. 1t Is the arctic grade OF
oil that Is recommended for use In
cold weather.