davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14
La Junta de Revision G iguaIa-
mientO rebaja las COntribuCiO-
nes de aIgunas CentraIeS azu-
Careras a $3.50 pOr tOneIada
de CapaCidad diaria
Los abOgadOS BenediCtO y Ortiz AIbran
C0mpareGerOn ante la Iunta en- IN
hearing especial, en- eI que Sc reba-
10, tambi6n, en- un so pOr GentO Ia
,,.s taSaCi6n heCha en- eI material
rOdante, etc.

Ultimamente, la Junta de Revision
Igualamiento celebro una session para
yer los casos correspondence algn-
mas Centra1es Azucareras representa-
das por los Abagados Jose E. Bene-
dicto. j. J. Ortiz Alibran Gonzalez.
Los Abogados presentes solicitaron de
la Junta y esta les concedio, que to-
dos los casos fuesen vistos conjunta-
mente atendiendo que en- casi todos
ellos habia contensiones iguales. Ell
Lcdo. Benedicto hablo en- nombre de
su representada La Juncos Central
Co., y argument6 extensamente alegan
do las consideraciones que debfan te-
nerse en- cuenta para no aumentar la
tasacion de las Centrales Azucareras
en- la proportion hecha por ell Tesore-
ro de Puerto Rico. Explco detallada-
mente desde ell principle, Ia teoria de
la tasacion de las Centrales Azucare-
ras sobre la base de la capacidad dia-
ria de los molinos, y solicito que fue-
ra mantenida Ia tarifa que ha regido
durante Ell tltimo afio econ6mico de
$4,000 por cada tonelada diaria de
capacidad en- los molinos.
Ell Lcdo. Ortiz Alibran tambi6n hi
20 alegaciones tendencies demostrar
que no procedia ahora el aumento de
los $4,000 por cada tonelada diaria
de capacidad nj Ell 20 por ciento en- Ell
material rodante y las Was ferreas y
explico que la Junta de Revision no
podia tomar en- consideration Ell pre-
clio actual del azdcar, sosteniendo que
la contribution tenfa que inponerse
con arreglo a las condiciones existen-
tes ell dfa Is de enero de este aio, fe-
cha en- que ell azicar estaba a un pre-
clio relativamente bajo.
Tambien aleg6 Ell Abogado que en-
cuanto a sus Representatives don Fede-
rico Calaf, Central Columbia Y Sucrs.
de G. y J. Fantauzzi, la contribution
era Illegal, porque Sc habia impuesto a
virtud de una tasaci6n hecha cuando
(Continta en- la pag1na p
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14

La ciudad de Cayey estaba aver de
fiesta. con motive de la vista que ali
hicieran ell gobernador Towner y las
personalidades mas significadas del 60
bierno de la Politica, entire elias el
Presidentc del Senado del Partido
Unionista, senior Barcelo, el Comisiona-
do de Sanidad doctor Ortiz, ell Conf
sionado de Instruction, senior Huyke, ell
Attorney General INFERNO, seior Mu-
foz. representatives de la prensa y otros
cuyos nombres nos es impoqible re-
cordar. =
Estaban en- Cayey representations
de los productores de tabaco de todo ell
distrito.
A la entrada de la ciudad y sobre
Ia Iona denominada del polvorin Sc ha-
bia hecho construir un amplio temple
te en- donde habia. de celebrarse ell ban
quote.
FL siguiente grupo de scfioras y Sc
fioritas prestigiaban con su presenc'a
el salon; sefiora America A. de Plane
las, sefiorita Margarita Elder, sonora
Anita de Lopez de Azia, sefiora Marina
F. de Santiago. senora de Rojas, seiio-
rita Monsita Gonzalez, senorita Resbye
Scott, sefora America P. de Mendoza,
seiora H. T. Wood Mrs. King y sefiora
del rerresentante Gil
Una -animada' orquesta de cuerdas
dej6 OR numerosas melodias regiona-
les ameniz6 tsmbien Ell acto la banda
esco'ar de Csvey.
Ell banquete estuvo espl6ndido, no
tan solo por 10 exquisite y selecto del
menu sino por 10 apropiado del sitio
en- que Sc llev6 cabo.
A la hora de los brindis el distingui-
do Senador por Guayama Presidente de
la Asociaci6n de Productores de Taba-
co, sefor zeno, di6 lectura, siendo in
terpretado por Ell Assistant Attorney Sc
nor Mufioz I'm admirable discurso en-
que puso de relieve ell esfuerzo que vie
nen realizando desde hace afios los pro-
ductores de tabaco para elevar las con-
diciones de esta industria que es una
&c las mas importantes de la isla y
ruso de manifesto las inpumerables di-
ficultades con que siempre Sc han trope-
zado para conseguir realizar sus en-
pehos como ellos desean.
Para que nuestros lectores tengan
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14
LOS SOCIALISTAlS AYUDARAN Al
SoSTENIMIENTo DE PABLO
IGIHsIAS

MADRID, Nov. 13. (United Press).
Los socialistas del Ferrol han acorda-
Go contribuir al sostenimiento del je-
fe del partido socialista Pablo IgIesias
quien Sc encuentra desde hace a'giln
t1enpo en- lamentable estado de salud
Ell ex-sultan de Marruecos Muley
Haffid, ha visitado al general Primo
de Rivera, para pedirle que interponga
au Influenza cerca del Gobierno de
Francia fin de que lie sean devueltos
los bienes que lie confscaron hace al
gun tempo.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14
Fl banquete de Ia Association de PrOduC-
torres de TabaCO en- honor del gObernadOr
TOWner rUSMt6 I'm aCOnteGmlentO de
yerdadera traSCendenGa
POnunGarOn eOuentCS discusses e SenadOr zenO don Pr
denGO Rivera Martinez, e GObemadOr don Antonio R. Bar
cello, Quien hizO impOdanteS dedaraCiOneS pOItCaS
Don lose TOH Soto eniO un grama denandO aC6n qHe hi
Gea pOnCndO una M mas de manifesto SuaOn De deSdVeneRGa
entire e GObernadM So PartdO

una idea de la importancia del discourse
pronunciado por el estimado Senador
vamos a transcribir a'gunos de los pa
rrafos mas sobresalientes, principalmen-
te aquellos en- que el hace menci6n a
las diferentes demandas que ellos los
productores de tabaco esperan que el
gobierno les conceda para mejorar las
condolences dc esta industria.
"Ahora- dijo en- su discurso ell Sc
nador zeno- permitidme que, en- gran
de sintesis, os liable de nuestras diff
lcu.tades.
El sistema dc cr6dito imperante e1
nuestro pals. obligandonos a suscribir
contratos refaccionarios, onerosos v vic
lentos. nos arruina afio por aflo Al re-
colectsrse anualmente la cosecha, ven
cidos los creditos que a duras penas he
mos pod.do conseguir de casas refac-
Cionistas o de instituciones bancarias
nos vemos inape' ablcmente forzados a
vender Ell fruto a precio que Ia mayor
parte de las veces ha sido combinado
por especrls dores sin concitncia, no
establecido por las naturales fuctua
clones del mercado. No Sc ven en- es-
tas manifestations intenci6n a'guna
de censrra para esas casas institucio-
res bancarias refaccionistas, que. cier-
tamente, dentro de las actuales circuns
tanc;as, no pueden actuar de otro modo;
bien Sc We que hasta cierto punto
prestan un senalado servicio los agri-
cultores en- ruina.
Tai estado de cosas no es. realmente.
nuevo. Los cosecheros de Kentucky, de
Connecticut Y de todos los Estados pro-
ductores de tabaco de la Union, han
rasado por iguales amargas experien-
cias. Pero squellos agricultores, mer-
ced a su propio inteligente esfuerzo y
la protection que reciben del Gobier-
no. vienen dia por dia mejorando su
situacion, que al presente parece soli-
da y halagadora. Estudiando los metodos
que ALA Sc han utilizado con 6xito v
asimilandonoslos, no veo por que no
pueda Sc que caminemos tras de ellos
En- ese prop6sito. que es ell de perse-
guir ell mejoramiento de nuestro pals.
derivado del progreso que logramos al
canzar para la fuente de riqueza que
representatives,; claro esta que hemos
de necesitar y esperamos la ayuda de
nuestro Gobierno.
Nscesitamos una institution bancaria
insular, que Sc haga extensive
Puerto Rico ell sistema de creditos fe-
6erales, que ofrezca a los agricultores
pr6stamos pignoraticios contratos re-
faccionarios a baio tipo de interes con
la sola garantia del fruto conveniente-
(Contin1a en- la pagina 10Y
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14
Ell ACTO DE AVER EN- LA
FORTALEZA

Ell ''College club" Sc reunio en- La
Fortaleza aver por la tarde, y la Sc
nora Towner di6 una conferencia illus
trada sobre Washington Y su casa de
Mount Vernon.
Ell discurso duro largo ratio la
ilustre conference.-the fue muy aplau-
dida por la selecta concurrencia, que
lleno la sala de recepciones del hist6-
rico Palacio.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14

ra antes indicada, en- el estableci-
miento Gle una joven llamada Maria
Luisa, Sc encontraban de fiesta.
El presunto autor del crimen es Luis
Reyes Arroyo, quien fue arrestado en-
Rio Piedras, por el policia Rios Ca
rrillo. aver a las seis de la manana, y
conducido presencia del Fiscal senior
Gomez quien practice la investiga-
ci6n correspondence.
10 QUE NOS DICE LUIS REYES
ARROYO.
Un reporter nuestro Sc persona en-
(Contin1s. en- la pagina 81
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14

Aver las tres de la madrugada Sc
desarrolI6 en- ell sitio generalmente CO.
nocido por "Para Buey6n', en- Ell XII
l6metro 21 de la carretera que condu-
ce de Rio Piedras Caguas, TN SAN
griento suceso en- ell que perdi6 la vi
da el chauffeur Manuel Dfaz Leon, ma
tural de San Juan.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14
LA CANGARA DE LES COMUNEs Sc
DISOLVERA Ell VIERNES

LONDRES, Nov. 13 Omitted Press)
4sera disuelts ell viernes proximo la
Camara de los Comunes.
Las elecciones generates han sido de-
finitivamente fjadas para Ell dia seis
de diciembre.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1923-11-14
NUMERosos HIPICos

Demas esta decir que la saIa de la
Corte, desde que Sc anunciara por pr1-
mera vez la vista del case, y tanto en-
las sesiones sucesivas como en- la de
artenoche, estuvo LENA de hipicos, que
concentraban toda SUI atenci6n en- las
alegaciones de cada uno de los aboga-
dos, tanto de la prate demandante como
de las demandadas A las tres sesiones
celebradas por la Corte, en- las cuales
Sc vic la solicitud de sindico, asistie-
ron: el Sr. Deogracias Viera, demandan
tie, los Directories de las dos corpora
clones objeto de la demanda.
PENDIENTE DE RESOLUTION
Oidas por Ell Juez Rodriguez Sierra
las alegaciones de las dos parties, y es-
tudiadas "prima facie'', en- ell argot
legal, las razones de uno otro de los
letrados de cada una de las parties IL
tigantes, queda ahora Ell asunto a dis
posici6n del Juez, quien tomara todo
ell tempo necesario para su estudio, al
fin del cual dictara la resolution ade-
cuada.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

the supervisor for the neat manner
| In which she kept the office records
which were found without one er.
ror. The Mankato revenue Office
now ranks second In the state as Il
efficiency and volume of business.
Every one should hear Mathel
Hilburn ut the Episcopal Guild hall
December 10. Bachelors Romance
Q clever sketch in which Mather
Hilburn, the entertainer, will speak
to phantom forms Of old sweetheaFts
has been declared q classic Of plat
form OF art. Mr.. Hilbnrn is a born
actor and breathes into his types
much Of his own fine spirit and
kindly love Of humanity. He mir
rors life through these characters
and he laughs with his hearers at
their foibles and weaknesses. He
will give one whole evening in Inn :
personation and sketches, one alone
is worth the price of admission.
Witnesses for the defense took the
stand this morning in the trial Of
Gunder K3olberg, charged with bas-
tardy, in the Blue Earth district
court. Besides the defendant, three
other witnesses were called to testi-
~ for the defense. The state opened
Its case yesterday afternoon follow
ing the selection Of jury which
consists q four women and eight
men. Grace Kareles, complaining
witness for the state, took up the
greater part of the afternoon in
giving her testimony. Gunder Kjol-
berg on the stand denied the 40
cusation made against him. Hans
Kjolberg, brother Of the defendant,
Herman Wilde and Arnold Wendt
testified to the good reputation Of
the defendent.
Mrs. Sophia Wachter died at the
home of her son in law, Fred Rue
liter, Woodland avenue, Monday,
the past three years. She was aged
seventy three years and seven
rlonths ct the lime of her death.
She was born on May 3, 1850, in
Mecklenburg, Germany. She spent
her youth there and was married to
Fred Wachter. In 1884 they came TO
America and settled on a farm in
Mendoza, Ill. In 1902 they moved to
Albert City, Iowa. Mrs. Wachters
husband passed away in 1919. She
came to Mankato about three years
lgo. She leaves seven children, two
OF whom have passed away, two
sons. three daughters. two daughters
In law, three sons In law, fifteen
grandchildren and four great grand
children. Funeral services were held
this afternoon at two o'clock from
Landowners Undertaking parlors.
nterment will be made tomorrow
1t Albert City, Iowa.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
NV P-I.at AZ wIraer

window. November 30.-Father
Hiltner has arrived in Window
having been ass'gned to, the local
atholic church by the Bishop. Father
considerable experience, having Had
charge Of the Cathedral church at
Bismarck for twelve years. A little
over q year ago his health had so
far been impaired that it was found
necessary for him to take a years
vacation and rest, which he snenf In
Eurone. He hos lately returned from
a visit to Germany, greatly inn
proved in health.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
Creamery Prov of Elre

Owatonna. MINI, December 5.--
The building and plant Of the Ha-
ya9a Co Operative Creamery as
ISOLATION, fiYe miles east OF this
city. were destroyed by IRE at an
earIy hour this morning. The less
Il Is expected that the creanery viii
be rebuilt. w.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
New Prague Man Ends Life

st. Paul, December 1.-Edwafd
Motel. forty eight Years old, of
New Prague MINI. committed SUI
eide Friday by hanging himself
from a rafter In his room at the U.
8. hotel Third and Roberts streets
His body was found by fellow
roomers and was taken to the NOR
que Motel registered at the hotel
two days ago. No message TO In
d.cate his reason for killing bini-
self has pcen found.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
Death Of AGED Resldent

- S.'5ScIdI 20 I ne FT19 - ST
Redwood Falls. Mimi, December
D. Francis M. 0'Hara, ninety one
years old, resident of Redwood
county continuously since 1866. died
az his home here. The first year
that Mr.. O'Hara came here he rasid.
ed In log cabin in the old stock
ade: with his wife and one of his
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
Play To BE Presented

Preparation is being made for the
presentation Of ''Tbe Pixies .Tri-
lmph" on the evening Of December
II at 7,30 o'clock by the pupils
Of the Union school.
Rebeceas Held Enjoyable Session
The Minpeopa Rebecca lodge
held one OF the most enjoyable as
well as one OF the best attended
meetings OF the year, last evening.
There were five candidates initiated
and others balloted upon. Follow
ing the business session, musical
program was given. Misses Florence
aud Lois Page, played group Of
piano selcctions and duets. Two
whistliEg solos were rendered by
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

A wolf bounty was paid to Frank
Fierce Of Mapleton last Saturday
tor Q woh ne. snot on Thanksgiving
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
Little pauahter,s Birthday

Mrs. A. o. Daehn entertained
eight guests at her home, SGT Hick-
DRY street, in honor of the first birth
day Of her little daughter, Beatty
Jean.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

r. L. Eldridge, with the Mac.
Gregor, Hines & Company public
accountants moved the company's
office equipment from 201 /. o. o.
r. Building to 30S National CitI-
zens Bank building.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

Mr.. and Mrs. o. G. Olson of
State street are in receipt Of tel
gram from Baltimore which states
that a son was born to Mr.. and Mrs.
G. !. Humphreys on Thanksgiving
Day. Mrs. Humphreys was former
ly Miss Alma Olson.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
ReIatives Were Entertained

Senator and Mrs. Gus WideH and
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward P. Becker en-
tertained the following guests
Thursday and Friday: Mr.. and
Mrs. William Mauthe. Fond du Lac,
Wis.,; Mr.. and Mrs. Harry H. Quig-
gle and son Minneapolis; Mr.. and
Mrs. Kenneth H. Smith and daugh-
ter, Anoka, and Mr.. and Mrs. Lewis
G. Widell, Minneapolis.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
NEWS FROM LOCAL FIELD SOCIAL AT D PERSONAL NOTES

Wade Page and q group OF vocal
solos by Master Jack Morgan. Miss
Ruth Wrath gave a clever reading.
Dainty refreshments were served
at the close o. the meeting. -
Willing Workers Entertained
Misses Florence Buggert and
Nina Trautman were hostess to the
willing Workers Sunday school
class Of the Evangelical church at
the latIers home, $40 North Filth
street, FRIDAY evening. A dainty
Iuncneon followed the business SEES
sion.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
Miscellaneous Shower

In compliment to Miss Anna Har-
tig, who is 20 be a bride this month,
q miscellaneous shower was given
by Mrs. Norman Moe at her home,
ITO North Fourth street, last even
ing.
The evening was spent in doing
needle work and making articles for
the brides household.
A two course luncheon vas served,
covers being laid for twelve guests.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07
Social Evening.
Informal Affair

Mr.. and Mra. William johnson
entertained a few friends Informally
at q social evening at their home on
Fourth street, last evening.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

The state game and fish commits
sioner has recently mailed to g l.
Kennedy, county auditor, nuSiber
of fish house licenses. Any one
wishing to obtain these licenses
may do so by calling at the County
auditors office. The licenses were
previously obtained direct from the
state fish and game commissioners
office.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

Mrs. Chris Yenter. 124 Rhine
street, received word today Of the
death. Of her brother, Robert Adams
ON wednesday, November 28, at
Portland, Ore, Mr.. Adams was a
former resident OF Mankato. leav::
Ing here thirty- five years ago and
was q former section foreman for
the Omaha railway. He died at the
age Of seventy three years. He was
a brother. OF the late John, Adams.
ward alderman OF Mankato. Mr..
Adams came to Mankato from
Pittsburg when a small boy. He Is
survived by his widow and six sons
and one daughter at Seattle. Wash.
Major T. E. Parkhill, supervisor
Of United States internal revenue OF
hces ia the northwest states. spent
Mopday and Tuesday in this city in
company with H. P. Gardner, chief
deputy, checking up the records in
Division Chief Frank J. Nenno's
offices. which he found to be In the
pink Of condition. Miss Ruth Lones.
gtenographer and clerk Ia MT, Men
nos offices, was complimented by
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

Two marriage licenses were issued
from the district clerk OF court Of
f'ce yesterday. william F. Rirr was
given a license to wed Miss Elsie H
Fischer, both of Besuford township.
Carl c. Nelson was granted a licens"
to wed Miss Palma B. Stordall. both
being from Butternut township.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

/. n. E. Wolfe, former superintepd-
INT Of schools In Fairmont and later
n charge Of schools at Deer River.
has become a newspaper mar,
through the purchase of The Itasca
News at Deer River.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

Harry Kelson driving Ford car
and James .Brantley, operating q
Page car. collided at the corne, of
Liberty and South Second streets
at nine o'clock this morning. both
cars were damaged but the drivers
escaped injury.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1923-12-07

,Housebreakers are Juggling OF
clothing and valuables from Ro-
chester homes. They leave no clew
on which the police can work.
, 1923-05-26
NEWS AND QUOTATIONS By LEASED WIRE
STOCK TREND
STILL UPWARD
Trregularity in Evidence at
Opening of Short Ses-
sion Today:

NEW YORK. May 26.-opening
prices in today's stock market were
somewhat irregular. but the main
tendency appeared to be upward.
There was a good demand for a num-
Der of the popular oils, Houston lead
ing the early advance with a gain
Of one point. United States Steel.
American Locomotive. American Can
and S~tudebakef all opened fraction
ally higher than yesterdays final fig
ures but Baldwin Locomotive. Beth
lehom and Crucible Steels, Northern
Pacific and California Petroleum
yielded slightly.
Buying operations became more
confident as trading progressed and
tho ADVANCE spread over most Of the
list. California Petroleum climbed
up more than a point to 115&, its
highest price for all time. and gains
Of a point or so were recorded by
Pan-American A and r, and Mexican
seaboard. Sugars again were good
demand. Porto Rlcan jumping 3
points and American /. Beechnut
Packing rose 2 points and Postum
Cereal "a. Other outstanding strong
spots were American Can up 3 points;
International Paper. Colorado Fuel
and General Cigar up l to IA. For
eign exchanges opened slightly easier.
Demand sterling dropped * OF a
cent to S4.62&; French francs were
unchanged at 6.61 cents and German
marks dropped one point to .oO17%c.
, 1923-05-26
GIRLS AND MORE GIRLS
SEEN IN C0MPS0N FILM

Tall girls n short girls: slim
girls and plump girls; pretty girls
aud-well, girls not quite so pretty.
but girls. girls, girls. scores of them,
all dressed up in their incest frocks.
stormed the office OF the Doyle Tour
ing Service in Honolulu to apply for
Jobs as minor actresses in Betty
Compson's latest Paramount picture.
''The White Flower" which was pro.
duced in the Hawaiian Islands. and
which will be an unusual feature nj
Tho Rlalto theater tomorrow and
Monday.
A general invitation had been
issued TO Honolulu girls by Manager
Griffith Of the Compson company to
apply for places in the scenes requir-
Ing many people. And how the Homo
lulu girls hoped to I'll Unfortunate
ly, however. several attractive misses
loitcred about the neurby street cor
ners. apparently appalled, by the mob
like proportions OF the crowd around
Duyle's office and failed to muster
sufficient courage to run the gauntlet
Of the crowd which gathered 10
watch this novel event.