davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-06-06
100000 Calls
On City Phones
k Is Days Record

Telephone calls in, Washington
have increased enormously since.
the Shrine convention started
The telephone girls handled over
half million calls yesterday, the..
peak coming between and s
course, was occasioned by the fact
that so many, people were leav-
ing early to g6 down to the
parade.
peake and Potomac Telephone
Company for visiting. nobfes; has
handled between $4,000 and 20
600 calls a day, of which a third
were from people asking for all
kinds Of information.
Evening star., 1923-06-06
SHRINER DISAPPEARS.
Search Made Here for Asheville
Doctor

Doctor.
Search is being made in Washing
ton for DIR. w. c. McCurry of Ashe-
Vile, N. c., a member of Oasis
Temple of Charlotte, n. c., who was
last seen at Salisbury, N. c., while
en- route to this city.
DR.. McCurry was in company with
]. H. Hutchins of Kingsport, Tenn,
and started Monday from Asheville
for Washington. He was last seen
on the train at Salisbury. Ehriners
are asked to communicate with Oasis
Temple members, at 35 B street, or
yards, IL any trace is found of the
missing man.
Evening star., 1923-06-06
President Receives Offcers.

Probably'.the most imposing and in.
spring incident at the White House
today was the arrival of Imperial
Potentate James McCandless and the
Saembers OF the Imperial Divar and
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Pruning Apple Trees to
Make Profitable Gains

For several years an experiment
was carried on at the horticultural
station at Vineland, Ont, to determine
whether summer or winter pruning Of
apple trees gives best results. There
has also been comparison with trees
that are not pruned. The summer
pruning consisted Of thinning out In
August when growth is ceasing and
the maturing of wood commences.
The conclusions drawn are that the
lighter the pruning, the greater the
growth the earlier the tree comes in
to bearing, and the heavier the yield
during the early period of the trees
life at least But although the I'M
pruned trees have made the greatest
gains to date, the lightly summer
pruned trees are very little, If any,
behind, especially when the increased
cost of spraying picking, growing
lack Of color, and the general I'M
desirable condition of the tree for
future crops are considered. To re-
deem such an unpruned orchard would
necessarily retard its crops for a
period and thus the earlier gains
from no pruning would possibly be
lost.
Light annual pruning just sufficient
to retain the proper shape of the tree
to allow sunlight and air to get
through and to keep out all crossed
and broken branches, seems, therefore,
to be the proper method to pursue
for the young orchard until it comes
into bearing. After bearing age is
reached, pruning will likely have to
be more severe so as to maintain a
proper supply of new wood each year.
What constitutes severity of pruning
will, of course, vary with the variety.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Cows on Scant Pasture
Need Mixture of Grain

Whether or not to feed moderate
amounts of grain ration to producing
cows on pasture is entirely a matter Of
judgment on the part of the feeder
Wise dairymen will play safe and add
an inexpensive grain mixture, especial
ly late in the summer when pastures
are dried down. Cows that are dry
will benefit to great extent by this
plan, care being taken not to pile up
excess flesh beyond the acceptable con-
dition for dairy cows due to freshen
in the fall. In any event the rate of
grain to correspond with milk flow
is much less under average summer
conditions on pasture than for winter
stable feeding. High producing cows,
or cows due to calve in the fall, should
not be allowed to get into a rundown
condition, and so the short pasture
season is a critical period in the years
cycle.
On ordinary pastures oats with corn
or barley will furnish the bulk of tho
grain mixture, but when pastures get
short one must reckon on adding bran
and oilmeal in limited amounts.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Cocklebur Poison
Menace to Stock
Swine Particularly Suscepti-
bic, but Other Farm AMI
mails Also Injured.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture,)
Live stock running on pasture infest-
ed with young ,cockleburs is liable to
be poisoned, Investigations by the
United States Department of. Agricul-
ture show. This is particularly true of
swine, but also cattle and sheep. and
especially in the Mississippi Valley and
Great Plains states. Young pigs up to
two months of age are more suscepti-
BILE than other stock, although occa-
sional reports of cocklebur poisoning of
other animals have been coming to
workers in the pathological division Of
the bureau Of animal industry, where
the Investigations of stock poisoning
by plants are carried on.
Amount of Dose.
There seems to be considerable vari-
alton in the quantity of cockleburs
necessary to poison. but in general the
dose that causes poison is not far from
one and one-half pounds of the green
plant to 100 pounds Of animal Appar-
emily there is little difference between
the dose that causes only sickness and
the dose that kills. The symptoms OF
poisoning are depression, nausea ac-
companied with vomiting, rapid and
weak pulse, and a low temperature.
The symptoms appear within "a hours
after the plant is eaten and commonly
last only few hours. Since it is only
the young plant, before the formation
Of leaves, that is poisonous, cases of
poisoning may occur at any time when
young plants are found These cases
begin in the latter part of winter in
the Southern states and somewhat la
ter in the Northern states, while the
losses may be spread over several
months.
Best Remedy.
The best remedy, of course, is to
keep stock away from the young
cocklebur plants, especially when there
Is scarcity Of feed or when the ami
mails are very hungry. The plant may
be exterminated in good many areas,
but since it is an annual there is usu-
ally a crop the second year from seed
that failed to terminate the preceding
season. The department has not rec
commended any special medicinal RENE
dies, but when milk is given to affected
animals they recover or when sailed
bacon grease, lard or raw llnseed oil is
substituted for the milk treatment re-
coveries occur also.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
[NNlLIM NQIF(]


Do not handicap the chicks by I'M
natural restrictions. Let them hustle.
Keep all young poultry thrifty and
growing; The profitable fowl is not
the sick one made well, but the
healthy one kept healthy.
Lousy fowls will not lay, and will
require much more feed to keep in
good condition than those free from
the pests.
Hens like a dark nest for laying in.
If a covered nest is used, it is well to
have it face the wall, and to have a
slanting cover, to prevent roosting.
Always keep in mind that the con-
stitutional strength and vigor of the
flock must be kept up to certain
standard that the fowls may have the
necessary power of disease resistance.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Direction for Tanning
Leather and Fur Skins
Farmer Can Make Use of
Hides Produced on Farm.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricuture.)
Directions for tanning hileS on the
farm are given in new bulletin just
published by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, and issued as
Farmers Bulletin 1884, "Home Tan
ming of Leather and Small Fur Skins"
This bulletin was prepared in response
to the thousands Of requests received
from farmers for information that will
enable them to make use of the hides
produced on their farms and for which
there is often no market Sometimes
hides can scarcely be given away, yet
farmers must pay from 81 to $1.50
pound for leather in small pieces.
Under such conditions farmers natural
" feel that they must either work up
their raw materials or do without the
finished leather.
While it is possible to do fairly
satisfactory job of tanning on the
farm, it requires some skill and con-
siderable amount Of experience. Only
in the event that the margin of price
between the raw hide and the finished
product is such as to warrant the
farmer in tanning for himself is it adj
visable to attempt home tanning The
inexperienced cannot hope to make
leather equal in appearance or posi-
bly, in quality, to that obtainable on
the market, but farmers and ranchluen
should be able to make serviceable
leather for most farm purposes by
carefully following the directions given
in the bulletin.
It is never advisable for an inexperi-
enced person to try to tan valuable fur
skins or large hides to be made into
coats, robes, or rugs. The results would
be disappointing, both in appearance
and quality. Small fur skins of low
market value, however, can be tanned
for home or country use, according to
directions given in the bulletin. copy
of which may be obtained from the,
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, as long as the sup
ply lasts.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Practical Suggestions
Given for Silo Filling
Must Use Corn at the Right
State Of Maturity.

1t is important to fill the silo when
the corn is exactly at the right state
of maturity, that is. when the grain
is in the dent and glazed, but can
still be broken with the thumb nail.
Under average conditions, the two bot
tom leaves will be turned brown and
the shucks will be turning yellow at
the ends.
There is more danger of putting
the silage in too dry than too moist.
With stave silo the hoops should be
frightened up so as to exclude the air
and generally loosened a little after
the silage swells the slaves.
The corn should not be cut down
too far ahead or it will dry out. 1t
will take at least six teams to keep
the average silo-cutter busy The
silage should be well tramped in order
to exclude the air. 1t should be kept
higher at the walls than in the cen
ter. At least two men in the silo are
necessary when a distributor is not
used. 1t is advisable to use concrete
hampers to pack the silage This pre-
vents molds from developing. The
silage should be cut into pieces one
half to three-fourths inch long to make
it pack well and save waste in feed
ing. This takes more power but it is
worth it.
The silage should feel wet after 1t
is put into the silo. If corn is very
mature when cut and is therefore dry,
add water. A small stream may be
run into the blower from a barrel or
tank The blower should be run a
few minutes each morning to clear
out the air before anyone enters the
silo.
Shock corn may be put into the silo
If water is added at the rate of one
pound of water for each pound Of
shock corn. 1t may be advisable.
under certain conditions, If the high
price of corn continues, to shuck out
the corn and put the stalks into the
si1o. There is no objection to begin
ming to feed as soon as the silo is filled.
This prevents waste through spoilage
on top.
No definite cost can be given for
silo filing, as it depends upon variable
factors, such as the distance from the
field to the silo. weather conditions,
the efficiency of the machinery and the
men. The cost will be somewhere be-
tween 81 and 50 per ton Probably
about $1.25 would be fair average.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Peach Tree Borers Are
Troublesome in Orchard

Borers are very troublesome when
they get a start in the orchard. Peach
tree borers can soon injure tree
very seriously 1t is true that trees
infested with borers may live and
bear a few years after they are in
tested with these pests, but such trees
begin to fail and soon die
Early fall is a good time to look
for peach tree borers. If they are de-
stroyed in the fall no further trouble
will be had till the next brood begins
in late spring.
Examine the trunks Of the trees. IF
you find wax" exuding from the
trunks of the trees and the roots, I'M
less the tree has had a mechanical
injury, you may conclude with a good
deal of proof that there are borers.
Look for them. They are little white
worms" and may be found readily.
The best way to destroy borers is
to take a sharp knife and cut them
out and destroy them. 1t may be nee
essary to scrape away the surface soil
and look into the roots near the sur
face, as these pests are likely to bore
into roots.
Good results have been obtained by
digging out little trench in the
ground around the tree about a half
inch from the trunk of the tree and
pouring carbon bisulphide in the
trench and covering it quickly. The
fumes of the gas will kill the insects.
But care must be taken not to let any
Of the liquid carbon bisulphide touch
the roots of the tree, as it is likely to
kill the tree. This is not very expen-
sive, as 1t does not take much carbon
bisu1phide to use around one tree.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
POULTRY.
IE,lY&,~zyG~lyQz7
Avoid Overcrowding Of
Chicken House in Fall

Overcrowding of poultry houses
which generally means overheating,
and is likely to cause colds and finally
roup, is strongly deprecated by poul-
trymen of University Farm. A. G.
Smith, in charge Of the division Of
poultry husbandry, says:
Because of the noticeable change
in living conditions = from colony
coops and free range to the poultry
house and conference.-the young
birds are timid and group themselves
together in corners against the walls
and partitions on the floors and roost-
ing platforms. The birds become too
warm while so closely grouped and,
consequently, chill easily when they
separate. To correct this habit, house
only a few birds at a time When
these few become sufficiently accus-
toned to their quarters to take to the
roost, house more birds, as those first
in the winter shelter will act as teach
ers to those that follow.
Until early winter sets in give all
the air possible from one direction
and do not subject the birds to a
draft. In short, make the changes be
tween the range and the winter quar-
tiers as gradual as possible. Provide
a light loose litter of straw or leaves
in which the fowls can get the exer-
else necessary to maintain health.
Succulent food must be supplied as
the birds are cut off from the green
food of the range" q
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Campaign for Pure Bred
Sires Wins Many Members

During July, 172 persons qualified
for the official emblem of recognition
Issued by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture to persons who use
pure bred sires exclusively for all
classes Of animals kept. The work is
conducted jointly by the various states
and by the department. The total num-
Der of persons participating at the end
Of July was 11,705.
The department is now distributing
a autographed sign, "Pure Bred Sires
Exclusively Used on This Farm to
live stock owners who enroll in the
Better Sires- Better Stock" campaign
and who request the sign. Each sign
issued bears a number which identities
the live stock owner with the nation
wide movement for live stock improve
ment.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Moderate Pruning Each
Year Will Help Cherries

Probably there is no commonly
grown fruit tree that is so little
pruned as the cherry, unless it is the
ounce. This is not viewed as neg
lect by the fruit growers but rather
as an unnecessary operation. It is
partly due also to the fact that the
! cherry is likely to throw out mass
of gum wherever the bark is injured
or mutilated. But as matter Of fact,
the cherry will respond to a moderate
pruning, just as does any other fruit
tree.
When the centers of the trees be
come thick and the twigs and
branches throughout the inner area Of
the trees are seriously shaded it re-
suits in unfruitful and dying
branches. Also, what fruit is borne is
likely to run small in size. It has
been observed that cherry trees (both
sweet and sour) which are left I'M
pruned and underfed are likely to pro-
duce spurs which are irregular In their
bearing.
For proper functioning Of the cherry
tree it is necessary to have good light
conditions, and any Impairment of the
foliage weakenS the tree. 1t is well
known that the cherry tree should be
planted very early in the spring or
else late in the fall, SO that it be-
comes established as soon as possible.
This is partly due to the dependence
the tree places upon the leaves as
soon as they are put out.
Therefore the cherry tree, contrary
to popular belief, should be given a
moderate pruning each year or every
other year, opening up the tree so that
light can penetrate to all parts. This
applies particularly to the trees which
are found in the door yard of so many
city, suburban and country homes.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Milk Should Be Cooled
Without Waste of Time

Milk should be cooled to the tenn
perature Of cold drinking water as
soon after drawn from the udder as
possible. In order to insure the cool
ing of the whole mass of milk it must
be stirred thoroughly and long enough
so that the temperature Of all the
milk is that of cold water. It should
be kept at that temperature by chang
ing tho water or by other means until
the milk is delivered.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
HOW MARKETING Is
MADE SUCCESSFUL
Seven Keystones Form Founda'
ton for Rendering Proper
Merchandising Services

Seven keystones form the foundation
for merchandising success, according
to Theo. Macklin, marketing specialist
at the Wisconsin College of Agricul-
ture.
The first stone in the foundation is
commodity marketing company to
render the necessary merchandising
services. Second, there must be an
adequate volume of business. Next,
the product must be standardized, be-
ing Of dependable quality. Fourth,
this product must be advertised and
presented to the buying public in an
attractive manner. Then the hearty
cooperation Of the distributing trade,
such as wholesalers, brokers and re-
tailers, must be won and maintained.
Following this, constant, steady,
well-timed supply must be furnished,
and In the last place, the farmer who
makes the highly-demanded product
must receive better price.
But what Is a commodity market
Ing company7 A commodity market
ing organization is one which handles
exclusively single raw material, or a
single finished article. The most sue
cessful marketing organizations are
formed around one or, at the most,
two closely allied commodities, and it
Is essential that a cooperative sales
organization specialize in one or, at
the most, two closely allied products.
variety" Versus "commodity."
The marketing organization that
handles large quantities each Of nu-
merous different farm products is in
no sense a commodity enterprise.
Such concerns are variety marketing
organizations" While there are few
companies Of this kind in operation,
their success has been slight and their
future remains matter of doubtful
outcome. Success in these complicated
variety marketing companies de
ponds upon many times the normal
amount of educational work among
farmers and upon unusual need for the
operation Of a new and improved dis
tributing system.
Commodity marketing organization
definitely means that virtually single
raw material or single finished ar
ticle is being handled exclusively. OF
course there may be slight deviations
so that few other commodities are
tackled on, as it were, but these only
complicate and confuse the business
and the membership. Where a variety
Of products are in evidence, commod-
ity marketing strictly would require as
many separate companies as there are
distinct products, each necessitating
handling in a separate and character
1stic way.
"a cooperative sales organization is
only as good as its general manage
ment," says an experienced commodity
organization leader. SIN other words,
if the management and policy of
concern is not right no amount of adj
vertising will make the concern success
full. On the other hand, if the sales
policy and the management are tip
top, the concern might be successful
without a nickel's worth Of advertis-
ing. The first essential of success for
a cooperative sales organization is
first-class management"
Poor Prices for Poor Goods.
To make money in any line, the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Cut Bone Necessary to
Provide Balanced Ration

One pound of cut bone for dozen
hens every day is just about right. On
farms the cost for bones should be lit
tie or nothing, yet some folks think it
does not pay to procure bone cutter.
This is a mistake. Bone cutters are
now cheaper than many ordinary gar
den tools and are strong, durable and
efficient. The cost Of the cutter is an
investment soon returned by the in
creased number Of eggs laid. 1t is al
most indispensable in providing fowls
with balanced ration. The regular
use Of bone also effects a great saving
In the quantity of grain feeds necessary
for the flock.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Guinea Fowl Does Well
With Little Attention

Guinea fowl might well be bred in
the United States more extensively,
either along with other poultry or in
larger numbers by themselves. The
varieties have been improved In recent
years and there is reason to believe
that the improvement will continue
and breeding them will become an. in
creasingly important branch of the
poultry industry The birds do well
on comparatively little food in adj
dition to what they will gather if al
lowed to range.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04

honey and these are sold to the bee
men at a minimum cost. This makes
it possible for the small producer to
enjoy the same advertising privileges
as the larger producers.
Honey likes and dislikes vary great,
". Many people prefer buckwheat
honey while others prefer Eastwood
honey. The greatest demand, how
ever, according to. Wilson, is for
clover honey blended with Eastwood.
Pure food laws have completely done
away with honey adulteration.
is a Valuable Crop.
Wilson estimates Wisconsin's honey
crop at between five and ten million
pounds and It's yearly value between
one and two million dollars. Definite
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Pullet characteristics
Denoting Good Layer

Any one who has studied and under
stands judging beef cattle will have but
little difficulty in understanding the
characteristics that pullet destined
to be good laying fowl must possess.
She must be built with a somewhat
rectangular shape-much on the same
order as is desired in a fine beef steer
Her back should be bread and fat on
top, with the sides deep.
Her head should be neat and trim,
with no hint of masculinity about it.
1t should be short and broad, with a
short, well-curved beak and 4 bright
eye.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Best Results Obtained
From Chickens on Milk

In Ohio, a compilation Of the laying
and feeding records Of 981 poultry
demonstration farms shows that the
fiocks which are fed milk give the best
results. Milk contains protein that is
necessary to make eggs and has a
tonic effect on the fowl The Ohio
poultry expert says that those poultry
men who have access to skim milk from
creameries at few cents-a gallon are
missing an excellent opportunity for
profit if they do not buy the milk at a
cent or two gallon for feeding pur-
poses.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1923-10-04
Chickens Self-Feeders
When Given Free Range

Chickens will "pick up" good part
OF their living from waste that other
wise would never become of any value.
They will feed themselves, to an ex-
tent, from grass, weeds, insects and
crumbs, and small scraps, that e not
eaten by chickens, would not become
of food value to man. They will eat the
eggs and larvae from which come vari-
Gus destructive insects, particularly
orchard pests. In some orchards where
chickens range, the brown-tail moth
has almost disappeared while nearby
orchards, where chickens do not run,
are damaged by the pest.