, 1923-02-18

easily. That is what oil in a motor
does for the automobillst.
There are three things necessary
to start an engine in an atto-gas
in the cylinder. compress'o on and n
spark. To keep it going there must
he a cooling system and lubrical ion.
Cooling is necessary to keep tn, cyl.
enough so thas the oil will not Turn.
And It is essential to keen n f.ln, OF
oil between the cylinder wall and
the biston which travels up AMI down
within 1t.
II 1t werc rot fol fabrication the
Eric On of the r:rts sliding over each
o'rer would be 80 great that thu.
ans ne could not develop sucrIcrcat
L 'wer to drive -tsnl: to say nothing
the car wah Messengers o. freight
n IL. If an SI.gina should be made
u run without lulr.. elton Il would
dts;rty Itself IN Il "ery short time.
Object Lcssun 81 Need.
Die importl1'c of lubricAtIca
m'FHt be l'rH'rn.cd by sliding ones
shoes strenuous'y along n paved road.
In n short distance the feet become
hot and tn eshoes begin to wear u
But If in this process one steps on
a banana peel,ng at once the feet
begin to travel with such speed that
the owner has difficulty in keeping
them under control. The banana skin
acts as n lubricant. It Is equivalent
to pacing n film of nonfriction ma
teral between two sliding surfaces.
In the auto engine there are a
Fumhsr of points that have n sliding
contact, and therefore require lubri-
cat on. These inciucc the cylinder
walls, p'stons, piston rings. bearlnge
of crank shaft and crank pins. lite
bearings in the piston that support
the piston pin, bearing on which the
cam shaft revolves. the cams and the
valve filters which they operate. the
guides for valve filters, the gears and
chains which operate cam sha fits. pos
sibly the pump shaft, the shuft for
ignition timing anil the generator.
These parts are usually all contained
inside of the engine, and arc lubr;.
stated from the common supply sthat
ir placed in the crank case OF the
erg. ne.
Types Of Systems.
r. ere are a number of different
tVie e. of angina lubrlcntln= systems.
S'-n in which oil IN !Jr,sd under pres
sure TO practt, t.i, every sliding pilrt
rIt perhaps the most common sys-
tenn is that in which the oil is car
ried | ma compartment called a stump
or reservoir in the bottom of the
crank case. On the top or SIDE of
the crank case provision is mad for
filling this sumr, and there is usu-
ally n float or some other device to
t-lt.-Nz t-V.V .-..-N a 49, l.
time.
This a $ may carry a gallon or
more of oil. As the indicator shows
1t Is being used out It may be re-
placed as needed. In this system
there is usually a pan placed directly
over the stump IN which there hre
small depressions directly under each
crank pm to which the lower end
OF the connection rod Is connected.
When the engine is going a small
hump takes oil from the stump and
forces 1t to this pan. where It runs
INTO the depresslons. As the SON
meeting rod comes round 1t dips into
the oil and throw It up into the
cylinder. l~ubricatng the cylinder wall
below the piston.
II OIL Works Past.
II too much oil is picked up or II
the plstons and rings do not fit the
cylinder properly. the oil will work
past the piston in large quantities,
get into the combustlon chambers,
be burned and exhausted in the form
OF smoke. This Is one OF the causes
Of carbon deposit in the cylinder
which causes knocking. In addition
TO lubricatins the cylinder well this
oil lubrlcates practically all other
working parts of the engine.
As the crank shaft revolves at high
speed and the ends OF the connection
rods DIP into oil, the oil is spIashed
and broken up into a very fine spray
or fog. This is circulated by air in