Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1923-08-16
Different Terms
Used by Farmers
Certain Expressions Used in
Discussing Subject of Feed
Should Be Understood.

Every farmer should know the
meaning of certain terms commonly
used In discussing the subject OF feed
ing. This is essential for the proper
understanding of the literature relat'
Ing to the subject and for the intel
igent application of its recommends
tons TO feeding practice.
In discussing the chemical comno-
sition of feeds the terms protein, car.
bo~hydrates. fat. ni~trogen-free extract,
crude fiber and ash are used. These
terms are explained briefly by w. ID.
Salmon, assistant animal husbandman
of the Clemson college.
protein-This is q complex nitro
gen-containing compound. Roughly
the amoun of nitrogen In a feed
multiplied by 6.25 gives the amount
of crude protein. Protein is essen
tiaI for the production OF lean meat.
milk, the white of egg, connective
tissue. skin, hair. horn and hoof.
Reproduction and growth OF the anil
NAL body r impossible without pro-
tein. Hence larger amounts of this
nutrient are required for young
growing animals than for mature AMI
mails. although the latter must have
some protein in the feed to maintain
the normal body functions. The chief
source of this compound for live stock
feeding are cottonseed meal, iinseed
oil meal. soy beans. or soy bean meal,
peanut meal. velvet beans, ~tankage,
fish meal. blood meal. skim milk. and
or clover hay. The green for
age crops and grasses while young and
are also important sources.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES are-coms
pounds Of carbon. hydrogen and oxy-
gen. They furnish heat to keep the
body warm and energy for doing work.
Any surplus is converted into animal
fat. The carbohydrates are the most
nutrients for fattening anil
mails. The chief sources are starches
and sugars In the grains and the crude
OF the ~roughages. Some feeds
high In carbohydrates are corn. rice
meal, wheat, barley, oats, potatoes,
sorghum and timothy hay.
Fsts.-The composition Of fats re-
that Of the carbohydrates and
hey are used for the anne purpose by
he animal. They furnish 2.25 times
as much energy per unit as the carbo-
lydrates. The chief sources are the
and leguminous seeds-soy
,eans. peanuts and velvet beans. Some
the by-products like tankage, coco
meal. peanut cake. sunfower seed
AXE, and oil meal. are rather high in
NItropen-Free Extracts.-This en-
traces everything In the carbohy-
except fiber. The term has at
lines led to confusion by people think
ng II meant nitrogen-carrying com
whereas IT meant compounds
arrying no nitrogen.
Crude Fiber.-This Is the woody por-
ion of a feedstuff. 1t Is a carbohy-
rate, but 1t is less digestible and has
lower nutritlve value than the other
of feeds. Certain forms
( fiber are almost entirely Indigestible
nd are used only al filters In feeds.
he roughages are all high In fiber.
Ash or Mineral Mstter.-Ash is used
/ building bone and In many of the
re processes. The minerals most
kelly to be deficient In the rations OF
arm animals are calcium tiime),
hosphorus and common salt. The le-
ume hays-clover, alfalfa. soy bean,
nd cowpea-are rich In calcium.
heat bran is high In phosphorus
ankage, fish meal, and skim milk con-
In both calcium and phosphorus In
,nsiderable quantities.