davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-08-12
Scientist Here Produces Temperature
Which Is438 Degrees Below Zero Mark
Frozena
Would
oBeMa

what we call zero. and IL is only 81
that is marked 45s degrees, the place
that scientists have been trying to
reach for years.
The place referred to is in a room
at the bureau Of standards. and in
great container is the thing that is
so cold. 1t is frozen hydrogen, the
result Of the work OF Prof C. W.
Kanolt, who has given to the world
a mark to shoot at in the matter of
getting below the place we have been
accustomed TO regard as being really
cold.
4 LII of US know that mercury
"A freezes at ss below; that the
coolest weather ever observed in this
country was around the sixties; and
that the very lowest natural point in
the world only touched 90 degrees
below. Those who drive automobiles
are aware Of the fact that alcohol,
pure, freezes about 40; that oxygen
liquefies at 297; that nitrogen is af-
fected in the same manner at a drop
or e degrees below that of its COM
panion, and that it freezes at 347:
that oxygen freezes when il reaches
$50 below; and that hydrogen lique-
fies at 421 and freezes at 43s; SO you
can see that Prof. Kanolt has taken
hydrogen, given It an extra push
downward, and there Is no telling
what he will do with IT before the
summer is over.
This man Of science has not only
produced solid hydrogen once or
twice, but 1t Is an old story with
him, and when the bureau wants to
get down in the cellar in the matter
of temperature, 1t simply calls on the
man who, with little trouble, produces
such a degree of cold. He supplies
the frigidity without extra exertion,
for he has tanned hydrogen so that
when 1t sees him coming IL is pre-
pared to be frozen at once and with
out any objection. In making this
solid mass. liquid hydrogen was made
at a temperature OF 42l degrees and
then the fluid was transformed into
fakes that reminded one OF ice.
Hydrogen is a gaseous element, is
tasteless. colorless and the lightest
Evening star., 1923-08-12

begin their grind, the men shovel the
fish in great hunks into the maws,
and up go the fish on the first stage
of a long journey through the factory.
First they pass through the meas
uring wheel. This wheel makes a
turn when 1t has a thousand fish.
IL Is made to check the captains wild
tales. Next the fish are dumped in
the raw box. The raw box is simply
the end of one conveyor and the be-
ginning of another The dead fish
are piled in q small mountain. The
object Of the raw box Is to keep the
next conveyor from becoming con-
gested. A man In the raw box feeds
the fish into the next conveyor. This
conveyor takes them to the cooker, a
huge boiler which revolves while the
fish are cooked in super-heated steam.
Cooked. the fish are soft and ready
for the crusher, or press, an affair
which squeezes oil and water from
the mass Of Ash, this liquid running
out of a vent into a tank while the
scrap--what remains from the fish
is conveyed into a dryer, which rids
Evening star., 1923-08-12

n MEANWHILE the striker man Is
busy as a bee with his fiaying oar.
Every time q fish shows too much ex-
element or gets too nervous and indi-
Gates by a sudden dart that he would
like to leave these parts, down comes
the oar. The, poor fish, Of course,
throws his engine in reverse and backs
himself into more trouble.
At a given signal the steamer ap-
proaches the two boats, now lashed to-
gether on the rim of a circle desig-
mated by the bobbing corks which keep
the top Of the net floating. And while
tho steamer approaches. the crews Ia
boriously begin to haul in the net, the
Ash, meanwhile. becoming extremely
agitated at the narrowing circle which
soon confines them.
BY the time the steamer is along
side. the circle has been getting
smaller and smaller until the fish are
held together in one silvery, kicking,
beating mass.
The steamer lowers a big scoop net,
manipulated by a long pole, to gather
in the fish, which are hoisted aboard
Evening star., 1923-08-12

ening must be done with rare good
judgment and discretion.
Now for the captain and the two
other boats. They have separated. the
crews rowing desperately and in q
circle which will be completed at a
point marked by the striker boat.
Two men in each boat are throwing
out nets. The nets are divided be-
tween the boats. so that at their
starting point the net forms a bar
rier which grows in a big circle to be
completed when the two boats con-
verge at the striker boat. When the
two boats meet, one OF the crews
throws overheard the tom" The
Tom" is a 4o0-pound lead attached to
a rope passing around the bottom Of
the nets and which keeps the nets
weighted down. No sooner has the
Tom" gone overheard with a splash
than both crews begin to pull on a
line which draws the bottom of the
nets together. thus forming a huge
scoop in which the fish, the poor fish,
are penned.
Evening star., 1923-08-12

substance known TO mankind, and IL
Is a gas that. is used in balloons. It's
neighbor, helium, has per cent less
lifting power
No doubt the question arises as to
how they car tell how cold hydrogen
is. IL mercury. with which we meas
ure temperature, freezes at 3s below.
The answer is that the method Of
measurement is gaseous thermom-
eter which can tell many things that
the ordinary glass instrument with
which we are familiar cannot touch.
II
WHEN one goes into the room
w where Prof. Kanolt works his
magic, he sees a large tank with two
indicators on the front. These are
the gauges and they tell just what
pressure is being used. Below these
are the switches which turn on the
electric current. AT the top is a
black box that contains the liquid
hydrogen which in short time Is to
be frozen into solid, and ii then
reaches the lowest point of tempera-
ture known TO mankind
You sit and watch the indicators,
expecting 10 see some sort OF q
miracle, but you are not TO witness
anything of spectacular nature.
The scientist keeps his eyes on the
arrows OF the indicators, and after
a while you see a satisfied look in
his eyes. Then you receive the i'm
preston that he has again done what,
for years and years, was thought to
be impossible. You are not quite GER
tain that the stun Is really as cold
as you are told II is, but you can
dispel the thought, for the physicist
can prove TO you that the hydrogen
in the containers is now at 43S de-
grees below the point that we reckon
as zero.
You cannot grasp the manner in
which this pleasant man Of science
has reached this almost unheard- of
point. 80 you ask him TO explain IL,
and in doing so he says:
Hydrogen was first certainly
iiquefied by Sir James Dewar in Eng
land about twenty-five years ago.
About two years afterward he sue
ceeded in freezing some OF the liquid
to a solid. Since that time liquid
hydrogen has been produced in sew
Evening star., 1923-08-12

always attracts attention by yelling.
There she b-i-o-w-s" SO no further
description is necessary, as every
body has read whaling stories. 1t
takes a man of parts to stand In the
crows nest, however. and we will
remain on deck and watch the cap
tain and the mates who are busily
scanning the horizon.
They scan, IL lucky, only a few
minutes before the captain or one
of the mates points to a spot in the
water and shouts something below.
We cannot understand just what the
captain shouts, but II Is something
like get ready. there below" or has
the same effect, for there is a great
hustle and stir on the decks. and we
must have a care or somebody will
run into us and knock US overheard
and not stop to make reseues, for
there's urgent business at hand.
The captain and the mates are
hardly on deck before the crew
about forty men, usually-has di-
vided into two parties, each of which
gets set and ready to cast of In two
large rowboats towing behind. We
do not know what these boats are
called, but we do know we should say
astern, and not behind.
BY the time the captain and one
Of the mates have hoped in the boats
and are getting ready to cast Oft, the
other mate has boarded a skiff and is
sculling his tiny craft for dear life
toward a dark spot in the water.
which should have been described
when the captain started all this
commotion from the crows nest. The
dark spot Is marked by numerous rip
pies and now and then fish Is seen to
leap joyfully into the air. That dark
spot Is a school Of nnenhaden. One can
not see all the school at once. nor Judge
its size accurately from the ripple on
the surface. 4 large ripple may indi-
cate a million fish or 5000.
The man In the skin 10 known as
striker boat. We must leave the cap
tain and the other mate a minute to
watch this fellow. He circles the
dark spot in the water until he gets
on the opposite side from where the
two other boats are bobbing UP and
down. Then he moves cautiously to-
ward the spot, occasionally beating
the water with his oar. This beating
is intended to frighten the fish. Suffi-
cientiy frightened. they will swim in
tho desired direction. Too much
frightened they may dive to the bot
.tarn Ard laxAl Al11hauxslxAA ThA- -tlikhts
Evening star., 1923-08-12

A FLOATING hotel, equipped
~ with everything imaginable
~ in the way of luxury. No
comfort or convenience that
Is available on land is lacking. Eff
cient service, delicious meals that in
clude fresh fruit and vegetables. Ex-
pensively furnished rooms-in suites
if one cares to pay the price-with
baths. Cardrooms also, and a first
rate orchestra to furnish music for
dancing.
All Of that and more Is provided by
n great modern transatlantic pas
senger steamship.
Yet, in the spring of the year,
there may be very dreadful danger,
peril Of sudden death In Icy waters.
For ice mountains are afloat. drift
ing down from the north into the
lanes of transatlantic travel; mon
ster bergs. some of them ten times
the size of the Capitol building. At
night, or even in the daytime when
there is fog, as is often the case. an
iceberg Is invisible. What will hap
pen If the floating palace strikes one?
The ship will be smashed, with loss
of all. or nearly all, of the lives on
board. That was what happened TO
the mighty steamship Titanic, April
is, 1912 An underwater spur of an
iceberg ripped through her side as
she turned in an effort to escape, and
literally cut the bowels out of her.
That frightfui disaster caused four
teen nations to get together and es-
tablish an lice patrol" which annu-
ally, during the iceberg season, keeps
watch to the northward of the steam
er lanes and broadcasts warnings by
radio.
Two cutters. Tampa and Modoc, fine
new electric drive vessels. capable Of
keeping the sea in all kinds of wealth
er. are now doing patrol work. They
will be on duty continuously until
July. when the danger of icebergs
drifting as far south as the steamer
lanes will have practically ceased.
. XoS sxpfSiuaaptal pHSpossSs The tXo
Evening star., 1923-08-12

goes to bed. the two mates 60 to bed
and the pilot takes the wheel. while
the engineers and firemen below keep
the screw turning over as the rusty
old boat pokes her head out into the
bay and leaves Reedville behind
There's work tomorrow and every
body must get a good sleep while the
sleeping is good. So far as this writer
could learn, the pilot does not sleep.
He is in the pilot house at night
while the captain Is asleep and in
the pilot house in the day while the
captain Is fishing. Perhaps he sleeps
on Saturdays and Sundays while the
boat is idle.
CTEADILY steaming ahead through
~ the night, dawn finds US out
around tho Virginia capes, somewhere
at the mouth OF the bay. Breakfast
and the captain and the two mates
Chamber up the ropes to the crows nest
The crows nest. as everybody knows,
is the point from which the deep-voiced
person in the whaling story books
Evening star., 1923-08-12

the steamer by a steam winch. The
scoop is poised for moment above the
gaping hold, turned up, and down pour
the fish, 5000 of them at a time. Some
catches run as high as 500, 900 at a time.
There are tales of captains who have
caught a million. One hundred thou
sand in days work Is considered a
pretty good haul and the steamers
holds vary in capacity from 100000 to
1,500. 900.
has been a good one, say around 10000
fish. and the captain is in high good
humor and gives us a cigar before he
returns to the crows nest. The crew
busies itself making the nets ship
shape, shoveling the fish which have
fallen on deck into the hold and, If
there is time, shooting dice.
The crews. for the most part. are
colored. They sing while the work and
do everything in unison. Two men set
TO work shoveling fish will never miss
stroke together, both shovels work
ing in perfect time. There's real rhythm
aboard these boats everywhere you
turn.
turns, and good weather, the captain
will have hardly gotten fixed again in
the crows nest before he sings out his
orders 10 get ready below. And SO the
day passes until dusk finds the steamer
headed across the bay and for home,
100, 600 dead or dying fish in her hold
She must get her cargo unloaded as
quickly as possible in this hot weather
for decomposition sets in among the
fish very quickly, and spoiled fish make
d poor product.
IT'S dark night and we are back along
J. tho wharves at Reedville, this time
on factory dock. Our boat ranges
alongside and is tied up. It's a busy
scene. Dim lights here and there show
men hurrying aboard and ashore on
their errands. Steams up in the fac
tory and the engines are sending of
clouds Of kissing vapor. Safety valves
are popping fore and aft. Hatches are
! lifted and look down the hold shows
a mass of fish, Shiny, sticky, cold and
stark Out from the side of the fac
tory descend two great elevator con-
veyors. square wooden boxes with con-
veyor belts inside; down into the hold
! among the fish, for all the world like
! the snouts of two hungry monsters
! ready for a gorge.
! Into the hold descend booted work
men. They hold pitchforks i'll their
! Shiny fish. The elevator conveyors
Evening star., 1923-08-12

July anu curing tne Gays OF
August that have appeared to be
warm TO you. you have erred in the
belief that this beautiful city is a
hot place. for a certain section of IT
is the coldest spot in the world, not
even excepting the north pole or the
south pole. IT has been and Is to-
day so cold at this point that no ther-
mometer that you have ever seen can
record the temperature. II is so cold
that If you were to stick your arm
in the place where the cold is IT would
Immediately freeze. and, If, when 1t
was taken out, you should happen to
bump it against anything II would
fly in a thousand pieces, and bone,
muscles, blood and everything that
went to make up one of your upper
extrcmities would be in tiny bits, so
small that il would not be possible
for you TO get any idea OF what they
really had been.
In this place il is SO cold that even
the most hardened explorer would
freeze to death If he remained in the
temperature for a single minute. He
would be as brittle as your arm under
the conditions described, and if he
were to be hit a smart blow with
even small hammer he would suffer
the fate suggested.
You have been accustomed 10 hear
ing of the low points reached during
the winters out west. From the far
off places you have heard OF 40 and
sometimes 80 degrees below zero, and
you have shivered and blessed your
lucky stars that you did not have
10 be out in that kind Of weather.
You have heard of the men in Alaska
having their noses frozen while walk
ing along the passes over the noun
tains, but these low points that you
have read about are as a fiery fur
mace compared with the weather to-
day in a certain place in Washington.
for out in the northwestern section
OF the city is house that has d
tempe rature that is 43S degrees below
Evening star., 1923-08-12
Wealthy Little Virginia Village
A~ Is Center of Menhaden Industry


Laborl Finished His Beautiful
din
Evening star., 1923-08-12
The Inconstant Sex.
,m the Boston Transcript.

From the Boston Transcript.
Gladys-Men are all hirts-you
can't trust one of them.
Dick--Do you really think so?
Gladys--I know so. Why, I'm en-
gagged TO three of the incest men in
town and I've found that every one
aS than u aixtax With AnothAx Gixl.
Evening star., 1923-08-12
BY JAMES A. BUCHANAN.

7 F. YOU have been complaining
about the heat during the month
of July and during the days of
Evening star., 1923-08-12

A FLOATING hotel, equipped
~ with everything imaginable
~ in the way of luxury. No
rop,fort or convenience that
Evening star., 1923-08-12
BY BEN MckELMAY.

NE bright day in early spring,
long before Christopher Co
iumbus ever dreamed Of try
. ing to sell his great idea to
Seward daily gateway., 1923-07-31
TOURISTS ARRIVE IN SEWARD FROM
 TRIP TO INTERIOR
SECOND PERSONALLY CONDUCT. ED TOUR OF TRAVEL sERV-
 ICE BUREAU HERE

The second personally conducted tour of the Travel Service Bureau, Of Los Angeles, California, arrived from the interior Saturday night, in charge of Leslie w. Hayes, formerly general Northwest Agent of the Hamburg American line, but recently devoting his time to interesting people in trips to Alaska.
 In an interview with Gateway rep resentative Mr. Hayes stated that 1t was his intention next year to send at least 500 persons over the Richard son Highway and probably 1000 more to the Valley of the Ten Thousand Smokes. All of these, NIT. Hayes de clared would stop going and coming in Seward. He stated that his party at the present time was composed of a number of the wealthiest California persons, and that they were but fore runners of what would come next season.
 OIr. Hayes declared that the terri tory needed a large tourist hotel in each town, catering to the wealthy tourist, who would spend several months in the north, is accommOda- tions they thought sufficient were provided He also suggested that the cities of Alaska should combine in a general publication setting forth in- formation of interest to the tourist. Every effort should be made to induce the wealthier class of tourists to come North.
 The personnel of the party with MT. Hayes was as follows: s. R. Rose berg, president of the Roseberg Oil Corporation: Edward J. Bowen, pres ident of the Pacific Wire Rope Co.,, of Los Angeles; Mrs. Bowen and son; Mrs. L. Gillespie, Alice Gillespie, J. Gillespie, family of L. Gillespie, re- tired oil and cattle man. of Long Beach; Mrs. s. R. Roseberg, Miss NJ. Coble, Miss Cora A, and Edna L. Reitze; Mrs. Elaine George of Los Angeles; iyonne Aprons, J. D. Stump ter, Mrs. Sumpter, E. s. Gregg, Mrs. Gregg, Albert Stephens, Mrs. Steph- ems, owners of the Blue Tank group of oil wells; Mrs. M. E. Aller, Coro- nado Beach; Mrs. Frank Turnbull. Miss Jane Turnbull, of Los Angeles: Miss Pauline Edwards, Miss Dorothy Jones, Miss Gertrude Clancy, Miss Helen Clough, daughter and relatives of Frank Jones, real estate man; Don c. Porter. Pasadena attorney; Andrew Porter, John Engle, orange grower; Mrs. Dan Sweeney, wife of a promi- nent artist of San Francisco and her self a famous designer; Miss Martha Hansen, Barcelona, Mich.
 The party took the Alaska for the States Saturday night.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-07-31
BULLETINS ISSUED HOURLY SHOW
 BUT LITTLE CHANGE
LATE BULLETINS GIVEN OUT BY DR. SAWYER SHOW NATIONS
 CHIEF VERY SICK MAN

SAN FRANCISCO, July 31.-This evening a bulletin on President Hard ing's condition reads in part:
 There is some cough and evi-
 lence of congestion in one lung.
 lle has taken some rourishment.
 Except for weakness and restless
 ness he has been fairly comfort
 able throughout the day, though
 his condition has been a serious
 one
 Surgeon General Sawyer supple n,enred tonights bulletin by frank ,alk with newspupor correspondents, in the course Of v'Iich he said to Stc. retary Work: "Seri0ua,' :.3 used ill tu bulletin meant no! tNl! the Pr"si dents condition was grave but as threatening to become dangerous
 ''The storm warnings are up," said Gen. Sawyer, that is what 1 mean by serious"
 The Presidents physician showed no hesitation in declaring that the most threatening complication was the medematous condition of the lungs" which made it's appearance during the afternoon"
 Mrs. Harding has become a heroic figure and her constant attention has been of great comfort to the President in his affliction.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-07-31
J. s. COAST GUARD
 CUTTER UNALGA BE
 IMPORT TOMORROW
FISH COMMISSIONER o'MALLEY, SENATOR JONES, CONGRESS-
 MAN HADLEY ABOARD

Mayor Ray received a telegram last evening from Col. J. c. Steese, chair man of the Alaska Engineering Com mission stating that the U. s. coast guard cutter Unalga would reach this port sometime tomorrow afternoon, and requesting that an informal con- ference be held without any formal functions being extended to the wis itors. The telegram follows:
 Anchorage, July 31, 1923.
 Mayor L. V. Ray, Seward.
 Commissioner O'Malley, accom- panied by Senator and Mrs. Wes- ley Jones, and Congressman and Mrs. Lin Hadley, with Delegate Sutherland, will arrive in Sew ard on the cutter Unalga We'd nesday afternoon, and desire an informal conference, without for nal functions. I would suggest a motor trip for them. I will ar rive on the regular train We'd nesday evening and take them inland on the regular train Thurs day morning.
 STEESE.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-07-31
5. 5. ALASKA TAXES RECORDL|ST SOUTH
 BOUND SATURDAY

The steamship Alaska, which sailed late Saturday night, carried a record trip of passengers, most of whom were excursionists, seventy of whom came over the railway, having made the trip to the Interior over the Richard son road from Chitina. Agent J. H. Flickinger was busy man for a few hours, the crowd desiring tickets ex- tending far up and down the street, on both sides of the office. One hundred and forty took passage from Seward, and about fifty were already aboard, being round trippers. The list fol- lows:
 For Latouche-M. E. LaBlanc, Carl H. Swanson.
 For Valdez-Walter T. Stuart, A. Wallace, M. M. skriven.
 For Cordova-John Amber, J. H. Irving.
 For Juneau-E. o. Tweit, Oscar B. Hart, R. A. Maurer, A. J. Henvick, Mary Slack, Maude H. Wolcott, Nan Clancy, Mary L. Gallagher.
 For Seattle-Mrs. Annette T. Har- per, Frank A. Harper, w. A. Ransom, Mrs. s. E. Mclean, MT. and Mrs. D. A. Bryant, MT. and Mrs. J. A. McDon- aid, Mrs. Frank Skeen and children, G. B. Datson, Mrs. G. B. Datson, A. B. Phillips, Mrs. A. B. Phillips, Jessie Thomas, c. c. Spicer, A. J. Carson, F. F. Welch, Frany Fahey, R. R. San ders, Anthony Tetrow, Mrs. B. let row, Mrs. W. H. Moody, Alice M Low, Lara Riddle, s. s. Gregg and wife, Albert Stephens, Mrs. c. H. Holiday, J. B. Sumter and wife, L. w. Hayes, Gertrude Glavray, Martha Hansen, Mrs. F. Turnbull, Mrs. M. E. Allen, Rose Beamer, Mary Cameron, Flor ence Newman, Cora Reatze, Edna L. Reatze, Pauline Edwards, Dorothy F. Jones, Helen Clough, c. W. Roland and wife, Miss M. Coble, Lena Hazle- ton, Ann A. Young, c. R. Wallace, Miss J. R. Phillips, Bessie M. Miller, Mrs E. George. D. R. Roseberg, and wife, John Engle, Aaron Engle, Ed J. Bow en, J. G. and E. J. Bowen, D. o. Por- ter, A. O. Porter.
 Exclusive of this list about fifty bought tickets and made reservations in Anchorage.
Seward daily gateway., 1923-07-31
NEXT PRESIDENT
 DEMOCRAT FROM
 WESTERN STATES
M'ADoO AND MARSHALL BE ON THE TICKET

LOS ANGELES, July 31.-The next President will be democrat elected by the Republican voters of the west, James Hamilton Lewis, former demo cratic senator said today:
 "The Pacific States elected Wilson, and these states combined with the Middle West, will elect the President in 1924" he continued, observing also that "McAdoo or Marshall would be the head of the ticket of the demo crats of toaay."
Seward daily gateway., 1923-07-31
PRESIDENT URGED
 TO CALL SPECIAL
 SESSION CONGRESS
BROOkHART ANXIOUS TO HAVE UNITED STATES RECOGNIZE
 SOVIET GOVERNMENT

MINNEAPOLIS, July 31.-Following a conference with Senators Brookhart, Frazier, Shipstead, and Magnus John son they wired President Harding urg ing him to call a special session of Congress. The message was sent in care of Dr. Sawyer, ito be declared when the Presidents health permits"