davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
DIR. GEORGE OTIS
SMITH SPEAKS

A large audience was persent at
the morning service at the Bethany
Baptist church Sunday when DR..
George Otis Smith Of Washington. d.
d.. was the speaker. DR., Smith's
subject was "Rebuilding the Wall a
Job for 1929"
DR.. Smith said in opening that his
ADDRESS in one respect would be like
a sermon as his text was taken from
the fourth chapter of nehemiah. DR..
smith compared the Old and the New
that the old was the back ground for
Christ's life and the new was builded
on the Life OF Christ and helped in
obeying the Golden Rule. He said
that the Old Testament has many
practical lessons and that even vet II
Is a good guide to follow when trav.
cling IN the Holy Land. DR.. Smith
gave Cratic account OF rebuilding
the wall in Nehemiah's time about
Jerusalem and compared the task of
four hundred and forty years ago
with the work at the present time.
DR.. Smith spoke Of the need then of
prayer and OF the need at the pres
ent time for prayer. He mentioned
Washington and his service for his
country and Of the many memorials
for Washington he said that he pre-
fcrred the one on Wall street, New
York. which depicts the Father of
his country at Valley Forge pray
ing.
DR.. Smith stated that some con-
ditions as the Coal Finding Commits
sion OF which he is q member made
him question whether we America is
really fit TO govern itself. He said
that we must be broad minded and
care for the good of the country at
large and not just for our own town
and that the local officials and state
officials must govern in the local and
state affairs and if there We're a fire
in Portland it would be expected to
send to Washington for the fire
company. DR.. Smith spoke strongly
for law enforcement and the enforce
ment OF the 18th amendment as one
of the laws and sighted a manufac-
turer in New Hampshire where a
strike was in progress who wished
the law to protect his property which
1T was perfectly right to do, but he
was unwilling himself to obey the
18th amendment. DR.. Smith stated
that in another verse in a proceeding
chapter it stated that they builded
the wall working over against their
own house and so today as we build
we are building for the safety of our
own homes and that as then we have
enemies both outside and within and
he urged law enforcement. Mr. Mer-
riam spoke briefly at the close of
DR.. Smiths address.
The male quartet, composed of
Donald p. Burrill. George OuIton.
Lyle Moore and Clyde T.. Decker,
sang two numbers, Jesus Savior
l Love You" and Remember Oh
Mighty One" Mrs. Ethel Whittier
Ames presided at the organ. The
church was beautifully decorated
with flowers raised by the mother of
DR.. Smith. Mrs. Joseph Otis Smith of
Water street, and they We're present
cd to the pupils of the primary de-
p2rtment as a memorial for little
Elizabc Smith in whose memory
DIR. and Mrs. Smith gave the beau
tiful priary of the childrcn's room
at the Bethany church.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Financial
NEW YORK MARKET
Features of the Days Dealings in All
the Leading Stocks

New York, June HPrices pur-
sued an uneven course in today's
| stock market with principal interest
| centered in a few individual is
sues subject to special influences
| There was no disruption on the part
| OF large operators to materially ex-
! tend their commitments, pending a
| more definite indication Of the ulti-
mate market trend. and the volume
! OF sales was one of the smallest for
any full day session in recent weeks.
Initial quotations gave the market
! all appearance of strength but trad
ing Quilted down perceptibly when
! the weekend buying orders had
been absorbed. Expanding crude
| oil production was moderated. Cen
| eral asphalt broke five points to the
lowest figure in several years. Mar
land was sold freely on the an
nouncement Of a new stock Offering.
closing more than a point lower at
f, AZ. California Petroleum climbed
more than point above Saturdays
closing quotation before profit-tak-
1133-S for net loss of nearly .
points.
Standard Oil OF New Jersey dupli-
Gated it's previous loss.
Dawson Chemical was in good de-
mand on reports that contracts for
the use OF its silica-gel process were
under negotiation with the Pan
American and Royal Dutch compa-
MES. Consolidated Gas lost ground
in resopnse to the signing of the
dollar gas bill by Governor Smith.
Marine common and preferred, each
touched new lows on the passing of
the preferred dividend and the poor
100 reports.
Just before the close a buying
demonstration was staged in such
low priced rails as Rock Island.
Southern. Baltimore and Ohio, Pere
Marquette. Pittsburgh and West
Virginia and st. Louis and South
western common and preferred, a
few of which closed at net gains of
n point or more. Union Pacific, up
IS. was one of the strong spots
of the investment list.
Call money held steady at 43-4
per cent all day. There was no
change in time money and CONNER
cial paper rates. the volume of bus
mess being small.
Foreign exchanges were heavy.
Demand sterling dropped IL cent
| to S4.62 10. French francs broke 6
points to GAL cents and Italian ire
dropped Z points to 461 cents. a
new low for the year. German
marks snapped back to .0014 cents
Foreign bonds made moderate
! improvements in today's market,
| but changes in the rest of the list
were decidedly irregular. L. S.
Government bonds moved within a
! radius of Is of point, Liberty
31-2s and the first ALPS making
the best showing.
Bordeaux is. Paris-Lyons-M edi-
terranean 6s, Serbian IS and Bra
lillian Is and IS each closed about a
| point higher. In the railroad list
New Haven franc Is climbed point
despite the heaviness of French ex-
changes. Louisville and Nashville
refunding 51-2s dropped nearly
1 10. other active issues showing
! only fractional changes on the same
day.
Montana Power s.. up 1-S, led
the advance in the active industrials
| in which a few OF the steel and
sugar company bonds took part.
Colorado industrial s. were heavy.
Announcement was made today
that the $22OO0,OOO Iowa soldier
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Extension Work

County Agent c. A. Storer will pass
this week chiefly calling Of farmers
who are conducting the lime and
potash demonstrations. Today Miss
Marion G. Hare, the home demon
stration agent will conduct q founda-
ton waist pattern demonstration in
Athens; Wednesday. Miss Hare will
conduct a petticoat foundation pat
tern demonstration at Fairfield Gen.
ter and Thursday the 18th Miss Hare
will hold a one-piece dress demon
stration in Cornville.
Six ladies from the Revere section
Of the Cornville Farm Bureau met at
the home Of Mrs. Charles Beckwith
on the Athens road recently and
made two fireless cookers, one being
fol Mrs. Beckwith and the other for
Mrs. Ward. A very enjoyable day was
passed. made more so, perhaps on ac
count of dinner of baked beans, and
delicious cakes, pies and ice cream
brought by the neighbors. The next
meeting will be held at the home Of
Mrs. Rose Fall, June Z, when the
one piece dresses will be made. The
members are requested to bring four
or five yards Of material for dress,
foundation waist paper for pattern
and their sewing kit.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Somerset Real Estate Transfers

Anson-Mike Jacobs and Nav
Jacobs of Arson to Oliver Deschenes
Of Arson, land in Arson on Wilson
street.
Athens-Oscar NJ. Mason of
Athens to Harold O. Mason of
Athens, land in Athens with build
ings on the Harmony and Athens
road containing 157 acres: Skowhe-
gan Savings Bank of Skowhegan to
Emilia J.. Martin of Athens. land
in Athens and Cornville containing
$50 acres; Emelia L. Martin of
Athens to George w. Washburn of
Cornville, land in Athens and Corn
vile on the road from Athens to
Hartland containing 14O acres; Bert
c. Taylor of Skowhegan to Henry
McClintock of Athens. land in
Athens village with buildings on
Main street. Ellen Wentworth of
Lansing. Mich, to Eva Andrews of
Athens, land in Athens on road
from Athens to Eaton's Corner.
Bingham to Leonard w. Brown of
Bingham, land in Bingham with
buildings being partAof lot eight in
range four; Evie NJ. Hall of Bing-
ham to BENZ. F. Atwood of Bing-
ham, land in Bingham village on
Oweus street.
Brighton-L. J. Haskell and Ray
mond Haskell of Brighton to S. ID.
Warren company of Portland, land
in Brighton containing so acres, ly-
ing south of land of the estate of
J.. 7. Pike, being part of lot five
range six: Willard H. Haskell of
Brighton to S. ID. Warren company
of Portland land in Brighton with
buildings on road from Brighton
village to Bingham containing 20
acres; Raymond Fl. Haskell of
Brighton to S. y. Warren company
of Portland, all birch and timber on
land north of land of X. w. CraW-
ford and bounded on the south by
land of Bert Corson and three
years in which to cut and remove.
Caratunk-Smith Sanborn of Car
atunk to Albert B. Clark of Cara
funk, land with buildings in Cara
funk. being a store on the Canada
road.
Detroit-Gustave A. Lund of De-
troit to Walter G. Charles ct al of
Detroit, land in Detroit with build
ings on road and a second parcel of
land in Detroit and Palmyra: Cert
rude f. Heath ct al Of Farmingdale
ct al to Sadie NJ. Norris Of Detroit,
land in Detroit.
Detroit and Palmyra-James NJ.
Brown of Detroit to Joseph Bou-
chard of Holden, land in Detroit and
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Brazil. demand 1880.
New York Produce Market
New York, June 4.

New York, June 4.
pa t4vSnssf .p SHADY clears :DF5ns
SIS: hard winter straights 5.so@e.00.
WHEAT-spot weak: number 2 red
winter elf track New York, domestic
1.41a; number l northern Spring cif
2 hard winter and number / Manitoba
ditto 1854 and number mixed durum
coRN@spot firm; No: /. yellow and
ma md No. wat mixed sa S ATTIC 10 Se rail- l0s
oATs-spot quiet: No. 2 White Sc.
family mnSH so.doss;soo. mess z''0o~S'''''
, ,LARD,..dBarely steady; middle west
BUTTER-Firm; receipts $500:
creamery. higher than extras. 400 403;
creamery, extras. % score. 3s1; cream
ss .sts sos ss to 81 sc0r st. 81 n,,Ss
EGGs-1rregular; receipts 2s.412.
Fresh gathered extra frsts 2742S:
ditto nrsts 2siG 2sl; seconds 4s92s:
ar rsts 2ssSassssssi s attic rets S7sess
selected extras $500; nearby hen:
merry whites, locally selected extras 81
hennery whites. first to extras 294 81:
nearby hennery browns, extras 1905.
POTATOES-Dull. New York up
state sections. old crop, round white,
$50 pound sacks 2.00@2.65; new crop,
South Carolina, per barrel. No. cob
blers 4.O0@6.25.
CABBAGES-Dull and weak. crates
about 100 pounds 1.00@1.25.
The raw sugar market was quiet
and prices were unchanged. No sales
were reported. Cubas were quoted at
81 cost and freight, equal to sos for
centrifugal
The raw sugar futures market was
quiet and prices were irregular and
subject to small orders either way.
After early declines of to points
under liquidation, prices rallied on
covering and a little demand from
trade interests and during the middle
of the day showed net gains Of to
points. The advance. however, failed
to inspire much new buying and prices
eased off again in the late trading
and were finally unchanged to points
net lower. Closing: July $40; Sep
TENDER $50; December 5.SO;' March
4.53.
There were no changes in the refined
market and while Withdrawals on old
contracts were Of fair proportions.
there was not much improvement In
new business, prices were quoted at
9.75 to $50 for fine granulated.
In refined futures there was sale
of one lot for June delivery at $50.
or 10 points above the previous close.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Boston Produce Market

Boston. June 4.
BEEF-Choice whole cattle 17@1It.
BUTTER-Extras 403Q4 Al: frsts 80
90.
Checsc-Fresh choice 26926l; firsts
25@25a.
EGGS-Nearby hennery brown ex-
tras 35@36; white and mixed extras
1904: western extras 31@32:
FLOUR-Spring patent. 19G-pound
sackss. special short 7.25 $50; stand
HAYWNo. Timothy 24.50@ $500.
LAMB-Spring 25q2S.
OATS-40 pounds. 59@ 60.
PORK-Medium backs 24.75 q 26.5o
POTATOES-New No. l S6@$6.25
per barrel; Green Mountains S1.665 %
$3.50 per 100 pounds; new No. IS
per barrel.
SUGAR-American Sugar Refinery
quotes 800 cents in 100-barrel lot less
percent for cash.
NEAI-1OM %
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Chicago Cattle Market
Chicago, June

CnlCdSO, JUNE V
Cattle receipts $1,000; closing active.
strong to IS higher: better grades beef
up: three loads 1860 to 1900, pound
bullocks 11.25: several loads heaXie ;s
11.0OG11.15; best yearlings 1880; bulk
beef steers and yearlings 9.0Og1o35;
better grades beef cows and heifers
steady to strong: others slow: bulls
about steady; vealers steady to so cents
lower; better grades showing decline;
stockers dull: bulk Gamers and cut
ters 26O@375: bulk beef heifers 7.2o
$500: bulk veal calves 5000 800 to
packers.
Hog receipts 10000: mostly Is to rs
lower than Saturdays average sort TOP op
7.l5d7.25; bulk ESQ to S25 pound
pigs $50 @6.25; estimated holdover To-
coo
Sheep receipts $4,000; spring lambs b :
strong to csc higher; one double 20
pound prime California sorted to city
butchers 1910; twelve doubles q to q
pounds to packers without sort 1888:
one deck natives 1925: bulk Navels
around 1880; culls HOO; sheep stead 10y
to strong; few handy weight ewes 500;
bulk heaVieS around 400.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
New York Money Market
New York. June

new IOIh, uuc
Foreign exchanges easier.
Call money steady; high Al; low ~;
ruling rate AZ; closing bid ~; offered
at 5: last loan A: call loans against
mixed collateral 5000 days 1906: As
months 8; prime commercial paper 5.
Great Britain, demand S4.62a. cables
$4.62s.
6o-day bills on hanks $4.601.
France, deman 641a; cables 6.42.
Italy, demand 1904; cables 4.61.
Belgium. demand 1854; cables 5.57.
Germany. demand .0014, cables .o0143.
Holland. demand 39l.1S, cables 3921.
Norway, demand 1886.
Sweden. demand 1852.
Denmark, demand 1881.
Switzerland, demand 1906.
Spain. demand 1918.
Greece, demand 1913.
Poland, demand .0018.
Czecho- Slovakia, demand 1884.
Argentine. demand $3.50.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Consul Mooers Soon to Arrive

Sheriff and Mrs. John A. Mooers re-
ceived a wire Monday morning from
their son, II. Tobey Mooers, Amer
lean consul at Portugal, reciding in
the city of Lisbon stating that he
landed at Fall River. Mass. Monday
morning at 4 o'clock. Consul Mooers
will come to Skowhcgan about the
10th of June accompanied by Mrs.
Mooers and their little son who came
to the United States a few weeks ago
and have been visiting with Mrs.
Mooers' relatives in Philadelphia,
Pa.
Prof. Ralph w. Leighton, who has
for a number of years been director Of
the choir at the Federated church and
one Of the soloists, has completed his
duties there as he and his family are
soon to move to Portland where Mr.
Leighton has accepted a position with
Hornblower and Weeks. A quartet
composed of Misses Violet Allen and
Blanche Jewett and Jack Reaf and
Or. Cover sang Sunday and DIR. Ray
mond sang a solo. The organist was
Mrs. Mildred w. Weston.
Harrison Smith, the musical direc-
tol in the Skowhegan schools came
up from Waterville Monday noon.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05

bonus issue had been awarded to q
syndicate headed by Estabrook and
company. There were several
small offerings.
Total sales (par value) were $S.-
AGO 900.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Some Changes in
Teaching Force

Mrs. Sarah Snow Stenhouse, VINO
for some years has taught in the first
grade at the Academy building on
Baptist hill, will teach at Madison
next year as her husband Is en-
ployed there and they are to make
their home there for the present. Mrs.
Marion Caldwell, who has for a rev
years taught on Leavit street VIII
also teach in Madison where she goes
to keen house for her father. Mrs.
Lena Mullen, who has been one OF
the teachers in the Junior High
school for the past year coming here
from Newport. has resigned to teach
in Massachusetts, where she will be
with her husband. Miss Hazel Good
rich of Hallowell has been engaged to
fiji! Mrs. Stenhouse's vacancy in the
Skowhegan school. The other vacan-
cies have not been filled as yet.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05

Women are not suitable substi--
tutes for men in the engine room OF
ship at sea, according to marine
engineering experts.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-06-05
Mrs, Albert CoWett

Mrs. Albert Bracket. wife Of AL
bert Cowett died Monday afternoon
at the Kennebec Valley hospital
where she was taken a week ago last
Saturday and on the following sun
day submitted to surgical operation
and has since been critically III. Mrs;
Cowett was a daughter OF Mr.. ana
Mrs. Frank Bracket OF the lsiand
and was about "a years OF age. pc
side her husband and parents MIS-
Cowett leaves a little son. Kenneth
about a wear old. and the following
brothers and sisters. Mrs. Lena
Myers OF Flagstaff; Doctor Mosslr
Rrackett of Baltimore. Maryland;
Mrs. Ida Dionne of Skowhegan'
Corridan Brackett of Arson; Mrs
clara Cote who moved to Massachu-
setts.a few weeks ago from SKoWhe-
gan. and two young brothers. Aras-
tus and CLYDE, who reside at nome.
Much sympathy is expressed !or .me
bereaved family. The remains 49, w.
taken Monday evening to the noiil1
of her parents where the 1uneI "a,
service will be held at an hour 10 NC
announced later.
The Maine Central Railroad com
pany has announced that the sum
mer schedule for the train servict
over it's roads will 60 into erect a.
|12.O1 Monday morning. June 70.
Mrs. Lila B. Stearns, who mas oee,'
the guest of her mother, Mrs. Joseph
Foss, returned Monday to her hoHie
in StOneham. Mass.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1923-07-09
QUARREL RESULTS
IN FOUR ARRESTS
Officer Just Escapes Being
Struck by Auto,

Four men were under arrest today
as a result of an argument in an au-
tornobile at Washington and New
Jersey Sts., Sunday night.
Clifford Shultz. 80, of 43 N. Jeffer-
son Ave, was charged with drunken
ness, operating a motor vehicle while
under-the influence of liquor and re-
sisting an officer. Guy Giberson, %,
of 712 Fulton St., was charged with
drunkenness, vagrancy and resisting
and officer, and Elmer Grinner. p,
and Ralph Grinner. 81, both of 40 S.
State Ave, with drunkenness and
vagrancy.
Sergeant Nageleisen and Patrolmen
L. Fleming, Sylvest and Gearing
stepped into the street to stop the
men, who were riding in an automo-
bile with license 9S3-269. Instead OF
obeying the order TO stop, the men,
who had been quarreling, drove d.
rectly at the police, almost striking
three Of the officers, according to po-
lice Gearing seized the side Of the
automobile and was dragged twenty
feet. When the police attempted to
question the four men, two of them
started to fight, police said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1923-07-09

and wave her hands when her hus-
band becomes dizzy, after making a
success as a manager Of a great steel
plant. 1t happens that James father
is the president of the great industrial
plant So Jane tells her father to
fire" her husband.
Some idea. Husband discovers that
without his position Of big salary that
the vampire, who caused him to for
get his home, wife and child, even
forgets his telephone number.
Husband discovers what a fool
he has been and, having no other
place to hang his hat, hubby goes
home to his clever little wife and adj
mits what a boob he has been. Then
everybody is happy.
In movies dealing with the divorce
evil, it is the wife who pays and
pays" 1t is a relief to see a movie
story dealing with this subject which
does not make. the wife a weak char
acter. The modern wife realizes that
it is her business to hold on to her
husband If he begins to slip. Tears
will not bring him back. Why not
be diplomatic? Cause hubby to lose
his job and then see how many meals
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1923-07-09
GAS ENGINEERS
START REPAIR OF
DAMAGE IN FIRE
Company Officials Estimate
Loss at S25O,O00-
Service Resumed.

Engineers of the Citizens Gas Com.
lpany started today on plans for re-
building the part Of the by-products
building of the Prospect St. plant,
destroyed by fire Sunday. The dam
age was estimated by officials Of the
company at s250,0OO.
Service was shut off for a short
time, but the normal supply Of gas
was sent into the mains as soon as
the blaze was under control. The
fire was believed to have started from
a hot bearing in a turbine. Several
explosions wrecked the benzol plant
IaImost Immediately. About ten thou
Isand gallons of benzol and twenty
tive thousand gallons of oil were
burned.
Ernest Elliott, fireman OF company
TO. 8, was burned when a benzol
tank exploded. At the city hospital ii
was said his injuries are not serious
Officials Of the gas company praised
ifiremen for their work.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1923-07-09

not do these days as the movie fans
expects and demands as careful and
as intelligent Characterization as
theater patrons demand on the stage.
keenan, is cast as Southern
Colonel who believes in the pride Of
family and as usual such fathers are
blessed with worthless sons.
Father on discovering that his son
has turned his mansion into a resort
for burlesque actors, promptly, but in
a gentlemanly way, escorted son and
his trooping friends to the door. :"
The Colonel goes to the hills of Ala
bama and selects a rough mountain
lad Ia son of mountain bootleggers)
to take the place of his son. Then
the drama begins.
keenan, as the Colonel and Lloyd
Hughes as the rough lad of the noun
tains and other numerous assistants
make this movie seem reasonable by
splendid acting You probably will
notice that the story is theatrical. but
Keenan's artistry puts the acting
above the story.
keenan, belongs to that school Of
actors which teaches one to act with
his eyes and hands. Keenan, actually
talks" with his eyes in Scars Of
Jealousy"
Nearly forgot to ten you that you
might suspicion by the way the movie
starts that it is going to concern
French history during the reign of
one Of the famous Louis, but this is
not the case as the scene suddenly
shifts from the days Of French kings
to the State of Alabama in 1923.
There is no doubt but that you are
going to like Scars of Jealousy" be-
cause Keenan,, Hughes and the 9TH
ers are in the cast.
The keenan, movie is the featured
offering at the Circle this week. The
bill includes Wonders Of the Sea, ~
the regular music and a news movie
showing the Dempsey Gibbons fistic
conversation, not the actual fighting
but scenes in and around Shelby.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1923-07-09
Man May Look Like
a "Boob" and Not Be One

Hoot Gibson has boob" part in
Double Dealings" which is playing
the first half of this week at the
Isis.
Gibson is boob who turns the
tables on the men who think that he
can be fooled into anything.
He seems to have much the worst
of it during the first part Of the pic.
ture, but redeems himself when his
enemies begin quarreling among them.
selves.
The ecenes are laid in a little coun
try town and Gibson appears as the
owner of mortgage smothered drug
store. When the mortgages are fore
closed he is without a job and has
only his grandmother's money with
which to start business again.
A crook gains his confidence, and
the action starts forthwith.
Gladys.-Walton, in Gossip" will be
the feature for the latter part of the
week.-(By Observer.)
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1923-07-09

Of Alice's father with the foolish So
cial customs Of the rich society peo-
pie, the movie fan experiences some
appropriate laughs during the hot
weather. One can see this movie,
laugh and yet not have a serious
thought It is a good hot weather
formula.
"The Man Next Door" Is the fea-
ture at the Ohio this week. The bill
includes Round II of Fighting
Blood" and the regular musical pro-
gram.