davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-08-08
FAIR SEASON is
OPENING AGAIN
Skagit County Starts Fall
Series of Exhibitions

The prize COW. the big potato. the
best sheep ana the most juicy mel
an have all come into their own
again. The fair season is holding
sway thruout the state oncc more.
Starting with tho skagit county
fair, at Burlington. which win end
saturday. the fair season will run
thru TO October Is. which win sig.
nalize the eolsing Of thu snohomish
county fair at Everett.
Tho Burlington fair is noted for
the excellence OF the dairy exhibit.
tons and the quality OF live stock.
IL started Monday, Seattle has sent
a canning team 10 tho Skagit fair
10 compete with the best that the
northern county can muster, The
winning team win be sent TO the
state fair at Yakima,
An exhibition will be held az Van
couver. II. c.. from August II 20 IS.
This fair Is distinguished by the
grain produce exhibited,
SOUTHWEST FAIR
THIS MONTH
The chehalis. Centalia Southwest
Washington fair has set August 90
IS for its dates. This exhibition Is
always looked forward 10 By resi-.
dents OF the southwestern part OF
tho state. The Grays Harbor coun'
~ fair viii be held at Elma from
August 81 to September !.
Interest viii then shift to Eastern
Washington. where the Spokane In.
terstate fair VIII be held September
IS. in Spokane. Exhibitions OF
grain and fruit produce win feature
this session. The Coos and Curry
county fair and the provincial exhl.
hilton. held at Myrtle Point, Ore,
and New Westminster. Il. C.. re,
speciively, viii be held between Sep
TENDER and is.
Lewiston. Idaho. win put on the
srl-state fair from September 10 20
10. This event viii be followed by
the biggest fnir OF the year. the
Washington state fair. nt Yakima
The Yakima fair has always held
precedence in the minds Of the Sc
attic buyers OF stock as one OF the
best In the Northwest. This year
tho Yakima committee has erected
ktwo new sheds for cattle and nu.
merous other small shelters. Many
Seattle people have signified their
intention 10 attend.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1923-03-05

r. L. Freeman. M of M OF SEX OF ne
f. /. Freeman. M of 81 OF nj of Sc
OF mex .................
J. +. Paulson. nwh of nwh ....
Axel Peterson. SEX of sex ..........
Harry Overholser. mex Of nwA 49,.
John. j. and Roy Burke. nwA OF nwA
John ]. and Roy Burke. swA of nwk
p. J. Mccain. SEX of swh ..........
II. j. Mccain. swk of swA ..........
Geo. Saloka. sex OF nwk .............
A. c. Armenian. mex of swk ........
Matthias Bares. mex of mex ........
Matthias Bares. nwk of mex .......
Matthias Bares. SEX of mex N OF River
III. J. Moore. nwh of nwh less R.w. :.
+. johnson. SEX OF nwk ..........
r. johnson, swL of nwL ,...
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1923-03-05
TOWN or OGEMA
Township Forty -one (fD
Range sixteen (t6)

David Tozer, Lot OF ..,.
l.. l.. Croissant. mex of n,
l.. l.. Croissant. nwA OF 7
l.. l.. CroisSant. neA OF ne
r.. T.. Runner. mex OF NV
Steve NJ. GOldunik. swA q
Steve NJ. Goldunik. NV y Z
A. II. Lambert. seh OF 30
A. II. Lambert. sw y OF n
=. Kipp. mex OF neA go.
3. Kip. seA OF neh 80.
Baker Land A Title Co..
Sc y OF swh or Lot 3 &.
VIM. J, McKusick. Lot I O
VIM. J. Mckusick. Lot . q
VIM. J. McKusick. Lot I O
s. kihp, mex OF NV = les
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1923-03-05

Years To-
for tai
Which Tax
Subdivision Sec Del n ana
of Section ton quent PITY
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1923-03-05
TOWN or CLOVER
Township Forty one (tD
Range Eighteen (tsl

=. g. Nogsle 4. A. Fitch. sew Of nwN 1871 itss
r. q, Noggle a A. A. Fitch, swI Of nwN 1891 ltsS
y. q, NoEgle q A, A. Fitch, seN O neI 1891 itss
r., q. Noggie a A. A. Fitch, swA OF neA 1921 1ts1
Mike Skroch, SON OF nwa ....,........, 1891 1teS
Mike Skroch. swA OF nwl .............. 1871 1919
n. q. Nogge q A. A. Fitch, Of 1891 1890
Mike Skroch nwA Of SEX ,,............ 1891 1900
r. q. NogHle q \. A. Fitch, 1891 1Tat
Skroch q = 1891
stner r. q Henry W, Nelson, neN OF nwN 1891 1900
Stiner r. a Henry w, Nelson nwA OF nwN 1891 lsoQ
Stiner T. a Henry Nelson. ~ OF nwN 1891 1895
Clarence $. Sabers, seA OF seA 1891 rt9S
Clarence y. Salherg swA OF sen ........ iiaa
OF ............ 3 1871
pine County Farm Land Invest. Co.,
Undiyded y OF sws o. sws ,,.,,.,I.. isg SIS,
nes Of .eS =, sis'i i,ss
sen Of ses ...,...'....,.....,,, sisai ITO.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1923-03-05


George r. Henson. nwA OF ne
George r, Henson. seA OF ne&
George r. Rcnson, swA OF ne
Fred A. Wiley. nwl of nwA
Fred A. Wiley. swA OF nwA .
Alma Anderson. SEX OF SET
Luther ". Alderman, swN OF
Luther II. Alderman. neA OF !
Fred a, Wiley. nwA OF NV Y
Luther ". Ackerman. seA of :
Fred A. Wiley. swA of nwA
Fred A. Wiley, nwA OF swA
Fred A. Wiley. swA of swN
Gust Mahlcn, nwA of nes -,
NJ. A, Lambert, neA OF swA
NJ. A. Lambert, sew of swA
Helen r.. Robinson. neN OF ne
Joseph Patterson. nwN OF ne'
Helen ". Robinson. SET OF ne
Joseph Patterson. SwA OF net,
Luther ". Alderman. nwA OF
Luther ", Alderman, neA OF I
Luther ". Alderman, nwA OF I
Luther ". Alderman. sen OF
Luther v. Alderman, swA of !
Frank n. Rrucc. swa OF neA
Prank n. Bruce. neA OF NV Y
Frank ". Bruce. sea OF nwL
Julius simon, rex OF nwA -
Julius simon, nwN of nwA
Julius simon, seA of nwN
Julius SIMON, swN of nwA
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
GONG UP

Lister: Chiefs of the Ononddg1
Italians kepe entered an official
profess against stills said to be
4. operation on the reservation.
--Net0s item.
By L. w.
The paleface ever has been taught
That poor Lo was a frantic wet:
That rum was more to him tran
That booze would all his VAIN
pun get.
The legend is that Standing Bear
And Sitting Dog and Running
Deer
And Rising Moon and Sleepig
Hare
Would sell their birthright for
"a beer.
Old stading Bear, the gossips
said
Would trade his buckskil.
pants for drink,
And pawn the feathers from his
head,
Now that was awful, don t you
think?
Poor Lo Is higher up today;
For hooch the white with
wampum parts;
But red men put their thirsts
away
And proudly ride on water
carts!
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
DANGEROUS TO
NEGLECT HIGH
BLOOD PRESSURE
Bi-a-lin Reduces It
Quickly.

Does your system seemed to have
slowed up?" Does your heart palpi-
tate or breath become labored on
slight exertion? Are you weak, nerv-
Gus and a poor sleeper? Do you
have dizzy spells? Is constipation
frequent? Have you ringing in ears?
High Blood Pressure may cause
one or all of these symptoms. And
IL neglected it may lead to a prema-
ture death.
If you have any Of these symp-
toms protect your health by taking
Bi-a-iin. It acts by regulating the
bile. the liver and the organs of
digestion and elimination. Then they
cast out in natures own way, the
wastes and poisons which have
caused your high blood pressure.
Recently Bi-a-lin has been put UP
in pleasant convenient tablets so
that anyone may have 1t without
prescription. 1t is harmless as well
as effective. For not only does 1t
reduce high blood pressure, but
it also tones up the great internal
Organs and thus gives you new
lease on life. Try Bi-a-lin today and
see how quickly you begin to feel
years younger. Sold by all good
druggists, such as Peoples Drug
Stores.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
LOOK OUT FOR

The wrong number when you
want to make a telephone call in
q hurry.
A new set Of furniture when
your brothers. children arrive for
O visit.
The ne1ghbors when you kiss
your wife's maid.
Chairs when you try to sneak
IN the house at a. m.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
Phil Osssify Says

ALI is not tin that cutters the
highway on Sunday.
The only interior decorating
most men are interested in is
their wife's cooking.
Men who lead double lives very
often appear in duel roles.
The ideal girl has been found in
Brooklyn. She refused to marry
q man on the ground it would
ruin their friendship.
Now if only a lot of Congress
men would put their heads on the
bloc the way Captain Smith did
we'd see there wasn't a Poca-
hontas around to save them. +
We have a sneaking suspicion
that the philosopher whoI said
money isn't everything must have
just come from Germany o,
Russia.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

A hundred per cent plutocrat
is the pluto who owns so per cent
of a coal company and 90 per cent
stock in an ice organization.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
Pretty Pests.

The dame who sits down to
play a game of cards and then
insists upon showing her good
hand to her nearest adversary.
The skirt who wears half a
buffalo robe around her neck on
a ninety-five-degree sweltering
day and calls it summer furs.
The f1apper who smiles at you
just to show that she has a
gold front tooth.
The frau who invites seven
people you hate to the house
for dinner on your day off,.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Wonder if a Greek soldier gets
court-martialed if he takes
Turkish bath
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

A husband gets more publicity
by beating his wife than by beat
ing the rugs.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Woman brings man to court for
Offering her peanuts in the park.
Perhaps she had on squirrel
coat.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Germans cancel music orders
with French dealers, states dis
patch. However, the two govern
ments are still exchanging notes.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
HAVE A SMILE
WITH US
By Nat N. DOrfman.

wv HAT chance has the coun-
w try to get dry with all
these radio waves?
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
FTITuTTIES.

Telling her that it Injuries her
skin to paint It.
Advising a small boy to save the
nickel he found.
Asking the boss If 1t isn't about
Expecting wife to keep quiet
when you're running the car.
Requesting a farmer to tell you
how far it is.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Lame ducks: The bird who has
to sneeze in the middle of popping
the question.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Silk stockings have turned
many a girls head; also many
a mans.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
RAPPINGS.

Nip-Heard two chaps arguing
yesterday about departed spirits.
zip-Bet they mentioned cid
John Barleycorn.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Sewers Of wild oats generally
find it hard to raise the price.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

A crossed woman and a thun.
derstorm are not entirely dis.
similar.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

The man who boasts that his
head is full Of brains thereby
casts considerable doubt on his
own contention.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

When the temperature IL in
the nineties, the pessimist is at
his best.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

A hick town is one where the
grocer's wife knows just how
much everybody owes.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

am the boss, I'll have you
know
l give the gate-and get the
dough.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

Mrs. Mosquito-what's that on
your bill, lovey? *
Mr.. Mosquito-That carnine?
o I Just had luncheon with a
flapper.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13

II women keep up this pistol
practice. it may be necessary
to call a new disarmament cen
ference.
The Washington times., 1923-08-13
JINGLES AND
JABS
By La Monte WaldrOn.


~ R little darling's, name Il
Art;
~ He likes to take the flies
apart:
He found bee, and, o gee whiz!
I'll say that little Art got his.
When the temperature IL IN
the nineties, the pessimist is at
his best.
A crossed woman and a thun.
derstorm are not entirely dis
similar.
A hick town is one where the
grocer's wife knows just how
much everybody owes.
II women keep up this pistol
practice, it may be necessary
to call a new disarmament cen.
ference:
Mrs. Mosquito-What's that on
your bill, lovey? So
Mr.. Mosquito-That carmine?
o I Just had luncheon with a
flapper.
PORTRAITS.
I may not be a chicken, but
I'm not 50 old as old King Tut:
With rouge and powder on my
nose,
I'm young enough to grab the
beaux.
I am the boss, I'll have you
l give the gate-and get the
dough.
Silk stockings have turned
many a girls head; also many
a mans.
The man who boasts that his
head is full Of brains thereby
casts considerable doubt on his
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
A GOOD START

wholesale conden-
a ynching Negro
girl After the sherln ana
the official life Of Georgia
would protected at all
the ouldbe menacing attitude that became
voey The desired erect
ynhng This Is the simple
story sufficient the sensational whe press
Georgia
public mind could not De
looked not the slightest
a his duty and up
holding this took place in georgia
suggestion the issuance OIL SEN
other than lend
agement to holiday pastme of ynhng OF burning
conviction home TO he
with crime must De given
Georgia Americas greatest cot
ton labo Is ike pra
of protesting against nus
of
ye' eON'
again agitation for is striking deep 10
"
the Georgia official start in the prop
tion has increase
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
There Is No Such Thing as an international
Banker in America
By OTTO H. KAHN, New York Banker.

HERE such thing international banker in America
the meaning of the term generally understood You might
IL we'll speak of the international farmer because the farmer sells
certain percentage of his Europe of the international
because of his products exported Europe and
some American manufacturers maintain branch establishments
Europe of the international merchant from
Europe.
The banker maintains and maintain international contact and
transact international business the extent that American industry
and agriculture international.
The American bankers market His
conditioned the capacity willingness the investor
absorb the securities which he offers His existence depends
the confidence and cooperation of the public and his fellow bankers
and banker whose activities would justly the that
he auated by cosmopolitan rather than by American interests would
very soon lose that confidence and following
The American bankers principal functions in relation Europe
provide the requisite banking facilities for export and import and for
travellers.
That part of his functions which consists financing
industries has hitherto been with sporadic
on of relatively inconsiderabe proportions compared the vatnes
of the volume of his transactions financing American industry
merce, and enterprise.
In this do not to imply that there anything that
calls for apology in the floating of foreign loans the
loanng of American funds Europe provided that such loans
sdered sound to security and made for legitimate constructive
1t both the duty and the advantage of creditor naion
such this country has become place of its available funds
foreign countries.
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Why Do the Editorial Pages Pretend So Fiercely
to Omniscience?
By MRS. MINNIE MAppERN FIsKE, Actress.

To be asked in mock trial! to lodge complaint against the
American like being forced turn district attorney when
old and generous friend is in the prisoners dock
But needs must make complaint inquiry why
the editorial pages pretend ferc unconncngly omn
cience?
Men who home delightfully."- how short and spy
all knowledge take the editorial than they feel forced
by tradition forth the believing that wisdom will die
with them
No editorial confesses ceeuy such fal
fear They written hearing Pilates of
today asking what TRUTH would be bld Not they They would
dictate answer before going to lunch.
Faced by complex international problem the President of the
United States toss all night wondering and wondering and wonder
but he the morning find that writer knows
just what he should do.
this bewder him and breed within his bosom
faint skepm whether they always know what they talking
about His faith might be restored i some ne astonishing morning
the leader in the Gazette should begin like this: 80
The French movement the ur reaches back springs of motive
invisible American that there all the Gazette
office who what America ought do and probably there not
in the State department either"
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
WAKING UP

continue m uRta aed h
w that sav9Ted Of ] aGso @ poiea %
is @ % what we term southern Maryland states
man shows justice and political independence SON so~M s M t %
ability look ahead that
ANYTHING but firing becoming ashamed
d that the great throw its hands
violations OF the eth s
amid much weeping teeth bemoan the utter d
rard with which this constitution of the United States
then let supposed chr,S'an ] n % d
insist proper regard for all ~
Tio manv of us the Maryland fails to note halo OF
ancty the 18th amendment to the e' a. @ sen w
governmental machinery employed insure s
ments the constitution with no n | nosite is true While
the contrary the exact Opposite Of
o Jealous insismen rigid enforcement
tho nron provisions just as jealous
i'm the same quarter that the be dis
egare Under the alacous gue rights the South has
through its grandfather clauses o tni -, do
very large states and TINS IN @
ance the express amendments to the
of the 40 - - u
tates rights buncome the South fastened war az i
probbtn upo North These sections are JUST
themselves bound hand and loot whh = m @
fool theory from which theS cannot e ca ~ a
The has never been sound and Is only u
~ Every sensible American Eastern states to say
nothing states sentiment is sohgN % a s J
on The yolad positively New York. New 'e
Even in the Middle West light wines
and beer and point realization that
themselves the right to violate a po m @
right can exist In New YORK @ s @ % INV
ent cannot violation is Justified IN any
sense nor sectional from any VIEWPOINT
We and for the rst ue SHE
period. the question OF the neht OIL he e
in Ont thing is certain 1t is
the We assuredy stand o @ en-
hasten rigid en-
So after many lean years would
that plunged this country
Since the 18th amendment so viy affects one
white folks and the appe as against twelve
Negroes willing
aid in enforcing the l4h and loh Up 10 inns W
allowed neither religion sentiment to stand between
he civil and
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Is in Favor of Private Management of Railways
as More Efficient
By ]. R. HOWARD, National Transportation Institute

pay for labor and buy food clothing, fuel
machinery lumber feed and live stock in order produce Not until
after these operating and fixed charges met and surplus earnings
sight does matter to the farmer
whether his land worth dollar thousand dollars
The principle which applies to the farmer applies to the
until the fixed charges and operating taken
dollar that the valuation of the railroad really
enters into the problem of making.
favor of private management of railways because is more
l letting the railways
which
necessary if prosper my farm
What the farmers and all they want is DEAL They
know they will be getting deal until the prices they receive
the things they produce relatively high the they
have pay for things they have to buy
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Damage Done by One Rat.

Fire caused by rat eating through
the insulation of an electric cable
caused about $500 damage and
threw about 600 men out of work tenn.
porarily as steel factory in Sheffield,
Eng. The electric installation was
badly damaged, and the power plant
put out of action.
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Most Asinine Legislation as to Health, Medical
Licensure Education


By / D. in Journal Medclne
Rarely physicians judgment seek election to state legis
hahead and without adequate
the other members of their profession.
result have the spectacle yearly of state legislatures ppea
legislation relation health to medical cenure
legislative committees OF state
their annually deplore the legislative actions
and futile hopes for improvement in the future The way
for the health hcnsure edu
legislation take hand directly in its making
Unfortunately getting elected to do this not easy for the ply
long asuousy cultivated the that
solely the patient patient when turned
the his attendant only and without knowledge
experience beyond that function
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Well Acquainted.

AS Buddy was saying his prayers
one evening. mother named some of
his nearest friends and relatives.
Buddy looked up at her and said:
"Gee, mamma, I've got lot of friends
for little kid. haven't II"
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
First Study, Then Achieve,

Try thyself unweariedly till thoui
hndest the highest thing thou art
capable Of doing. faculties and OUT
ward circumstances being duly consid--
cred; and then do it--J. Stuart Mill.
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Progress,

The man who is ready to give
pledge that the opinion he will hold
tomorrow will be precisely the opin-
ion he holds today has either thought
very little, or to little purpose, or has
resolved to quit thinking altogether
Helen Hunt Jackson.
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
To Clean Aluminium.

The best way to clean aluminium is
to squeeze the juice of a fresh lemon
over a cloth and apply this to brighten
the metal. When the aluminium is
very much soiled a paste of whiting
and water will help to clean it.
The Colorado statesman., 1923-06-23
Zinc Cleans Your Chimney.

Place a piece of Zinc on the Goals
of the stove or furnace when 1t is
red hot, and the chimney will be
cleaned Of SCOT.
The Nome nugget., 1923-01-06
ALASKA TRAIN FIRE AT BROAD PASS
 BURNS NOME MAIL

In reply receipt the following wire 1923
 Fire occurred mail Il that from the blew the required extingush the fire using
 Several sacks destroyed. siderable mail scorched At the inside the door to prevent thrieth stopping day DAUGHTER OF PROMINENT FExASClEK KILLED AUTO PARIS Jan s-ss Hope Har,es the twenty ter of H. H. Harjes of Morgan Morgan Company killed in automobile ,s'F., e,r'5 'Fs s,s2 SACRAMENTO. admitted Industrial workers of the World guilty ALASKAN pANcHENA from Victoria for Barclay Sound A. Bainies and his o pershed
 PROTECT FOREIGN INTERESTS
 LONDON Jan srhe British steps Recent killing of British subject has tuaton the front FINANCE BY ANARCHIST
 PRAGUE twice morning His condition
 |
 CIVIL INVESTIGATION 
 BASTROP La. 6-Legal of the of Louisiana procedure the masked band standing by into the
 
 JUDGE CIRCUIT APPOINTED
 WASHINGTON Crank H. judge of h Yakim today be United the nnth district
 LEGION ANNOUNCES ATTITUDE | w. w's.
 PORTLAND Jan. 6We o once and are going of w. This statement Legion, addressing I.
 MURDER POLICEMAN INVESTIGATED
 SEATTLE 6Anoher Eation into the determine whether the of murder
 
 MELLON REYrsEs TAX RECOMMENDATIONS
 WASHINGTON  to resat issuance of tax securities ~zss aES TIT NEW YEAR RacrT BY synsc9So FOR
The Nome nugget., 1923-01-06

La, entatyes the of Louisiana today began public investigation
  standing by into
The Nome nugget., 1923-01-06
TWO SETS OF OFFICIALS BRAZIL.

BUENoS AIRES, sTwo govern of the State presidents two mce presidents and legislatures parties election the President and he inaugurated. f.S
The Nome nugget., 1923-01-06
FRANCE WILL OCCUPY GERMANY
FIRE ALONG RAILWAY DESTROYS NOME MAIL

. PREPARATIONS VISIT
 ALASKA IN 1923 WASHINGTON Jan. sfIardins will be able visit Alaska this shown orders flower and equip oil unocal admitted that
 
 mind the Alaskan trip The Mayhower will
  Harding and their will journey
 HOOVER REFUsEs FALLS PORTFOLIO. WASHINGTON. s-Aardng ference declared that Hoover would dspdss the pressure brought to bear have hdm
 --
 AUTOMOBILE PLANT DESTROYED SEATTLE
 
 l. night destroyed the plan. of Mitchell Lewis stav The cuded eighty eight automobiles '-i-7- --- POSSE sEARtM NEGRO ATTACKED WHITE WOMAN ROSEWOOD. of hundr whit
  negro convict who wanted connection with girl in killing of men, five men
 
 TURKS OUT LAUSANNE CONFERENCE LAUSANNE Jan. sThe Turkish protest against the Allied establishment of circles seething with
 ATTACK NEGRO PRDCuPIrATFs RIOT GAINESVILLE. by negro upon white woman killed in this
 ROSEWOOD Major portion of the town has been burned by the seeking upon
 TWO SETS BRAZIL. BUENos AIRES parties the govern. men of the State vice presidents and legislatures the State President naugurated.
 BRITISH FGNANC1ERs ARRIVE IN NEW YORK; NEW YORK, British Exche Montague Commission were taken on during the and taken Is under quarantine today They viii Washing { OPEN SHOP VIOLATION CONSPIRACY LAW WASHINGTON contracs having for their the vent conspiracy clauses the Attorney General Daugherty today
 WASHINGTON Jan introduced in the sem ate b John Reed Missouri uncas with Britain island pos ses'ions n the we Indies statss. ...I..-.- L..- -a