The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1923-07-13
RED RUST is
one THAT Is
GREAT MENACE
saOst Damage Done While
Disease Is in That Stage
SAYS A. C.. Bulletin

"Red" rust and "black" rust are
wo stages of the same disease, and
The "black" rust has about as much
fleet on a wheat plant as a scarlet
lever sign has on patient. The
hlack stage Of this disease is not the
one that plays havoc with the wheat
fields, but the damage is done by the
ear4ier, red stage that as rule is
usually passed over with, ooh, yes.
There is lot of red rust in the
wheat but that won't hurt it any"
This is the pronouncement of author
ties on plant diseases at the North
Dakota Agricultural college.
"This disease, which has recently
appeared in the fields in the Red
River valley section, is not caused
by heavy rainy and sultry weather,
insects or phases Of the moon," is
the statement from the college. at
is due to an infection by specific
organism just as smallpox or typhoid
fever is in human beings or cholera
or blackleg in livestock. Hot wealth
err aids rust destruction after a
heavy infection has taken place.
Damp, cool nights with heavy dews
with light dry winds during the day
are ideal for development and dis
tribution of the disease.
"This disease manifests itself by
four different forms Of spores, or
seed-like structures, during the
course of year, and the black rust
as it is commonly known is only one
OF these forms. In the spring Or
ange-colored spores are produced on
infected barberry plants, which are
carried by the wind often for many
miles before they are dropped on
prairies, rocks, buildings and vege-
tation of all kinds. The vast ma
jority of these spores then die, but
comparatively few, which fall on
growing wheat plants and encounter
favorable weather conditions, infect
the plant and start fine growth
of mycelia, or thread-like structures
which may penetrate the leaf sheath
or attack the stem of the growing
plant This microscopic fungus
growth of filaments robs the plant
of the food material which is
brought up by the roots and is des-
tined to make plump kernels of
wheat in the head, causing the pro-
duction of lightweight wheat. Mean
while, these filaments produce red
spores on the surface Of the wheat
plant, and it is this stage which is
known as the red rust and which
actually causes the damage. These
red spores are scattered by the wind
to1other plants and they start simil-
ar growths and more red spores are
produced.
later in the season, when the
wheat plant is nearly mature, the
black spores are produced by the
same mycelia, giving the disease the
name of BLACK stem rust The red
and black spores will often be found
together on the wheat plant. The
black spores, however, cannot spread
to other wheat plants, but live over
the.Hinter on the wheat straw and
produce growth in the spring which
infects the barberry bushes.
sThe earlier the red infection is
produced on the wheat plant, the
grezter is the likelihood that large
quantity of the black spores will be
and this is perhaps the
reason for the incorrect idea that it
is the black stage which causes the
destruction Of the crop.
nT6ere are six or eight different
kiHdl Of black stem rust. classified
to the kind of cereal or
'o<ake crop they attack, and almost
] S0tntl4ss number Of other rusts
vhicA stack many different kinds
,f9D7ck stem rust, classified accord
~ n the kind Of other rusts which
TT many different kinds Of |
,Id13S. keaf rust or orange rust |
II ppmetfmes be confused with |
u stein rust, but the oranse-col-
- ap18oS are confined most !
olfenblj - the leaves 81, the wheat |
lAtt Damaes from oranssSr lest
d - a1iehf rs compared TO thu
49, 4ost. according TO the J
4 ltery night. Pat
Pa1lfon. Me-
y