davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Dartmouth May
Lose Coach Hawley

New York. Nov. 80 (By A. P)-
Dartmouth may be without the SER
vices of Jesse B. Hawley as football
coach next year, 1t was learned to-
day. 4
Hawley, here with his big Green
eleven for the Thanksgiving Day
game with Columbia, admitted that
his business duties in Chicago were
such that he doubted whether he
would be able to obtain the neces-
sary leave of absence for gridiron
coaching at Hanover in 1924. !.
The record made by Hawley's
team this year. his first in direct
charge, stamped it as one of the best
Dartmouth has turned out in recent
years. Graduates and undergradu-
ates are particularly anxious to have
him continue in charge because of
the stiff schedule Dartmouth has ar
ranged for next season, when Yale
will be added to a list already in
Guiding Harvard, Cornell and other
powerful foes.
Hawley, 1909 Dartmouth graduate
and star halfback while at college,
first gained fame as a coach at Iowa.
leading that team from the western
conference cellar to second place.
coach to Clarence Spears at Dart
mouth and last year was member
of the Dartmouth advisory staff,
along with Larry Bankhart and
Clark Tobin. AS head coach. he sue
ceeded jackson Cannell. who had
charge of the team in 1921 and 1922.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Frog Farming

From his backyard frog ranch
near Oshkosh, Wis, Emil Neuenfeldt
ships 100000 frog legs year. The
frogs are kept In concrete trenches
SO feet long and feet wide, in
which are refrigerated pipes and
running water. The cold water
makes the frogs hibernate and ST.
lences the frog chorus. When an
order is received the required num-
Der is scooped from trench and
the frogs are placed in a tank of
water charged with electricity. This
kills the frogs. straightens out their
legs and makes amputation easy.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Chicago Cattle Market

Chicago, Nov. 80.
CATTL $4,000: steady to
strong; few head fancy yearlings 1900
. 1925; best in load lots 1875; bulk
short fed steers and yearlings $3.50
100; Gamers slow; other classes she
stock active; bulk weighty bologna
bulls 400@425; beef bulls 6000600
mostly; bulk veal calves to- packers
900@950; few selected heifers above
1000 to shippers.
HoGS-Receipts $4,000; mostly 10c
higher: bulk good snd choice 80 to
325-pound butchers 700@710; top Ills;
desirable 100 to 200-pound average 665
q sos; packing sows 650Q675; better
grades weighty slaughter pigs $500
900; estimated holdover 5000.
SHEEP-Receipts $4,000; fat lambs
25 to Soc lower: sheep and Gull lambs
Csc lower: bulk good and choice fat
lambs 1875 @1300; top 1926; best clip
ped lambs IT'S: recent shorn kind
downward to 100; most Gull natives
1000 q 1860; best fat yearling. Gwethers
1875: top fat ewes 700; feeding lambs
1i50@12Oo.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

Fillmore worked az q village
school teacher and borrowed the
money to enable him to study law.
The early struggles Of Abraham
Lincoln and the disadvantages
under which he became one Of the
greatest men Of all time. are known
the world over. As boy Lincoln.
1.-THE .rail.splitter," worked for ten
years on his fathers farm. and It
Is said that all OF his schooling
amounted to only one year. An
drew johnson came fromAa poor
family In North Carolina, and as .
boy was apprenticed for ten years
to q tailor during which time he
taught himself to read and write.
James A. Garfield had practi-
cally mo- educational advantages as
q young man. and was compelled
to maintain himself early In life
by the hardest OF farm labor. At
one period he earned his livelihood
by driving q team OF mules for q
canal boat. ~
Warren @. Harding started life
doing chores on a farm In Ohio.
For several years he earned his
livelihood as type-setter. school
teacher. insurance agent and news
paper reporter.
Calvin Coolidge's frat Job was q
chore boy on his fathers farm. He
worked his way through college
part Of the time. His vacations
all were spent in earning money.
One might easily add to the list
Of our Presidents who have
learned the value Of thrift as an
element of success. Hayes. Cleve-
land. Mckinley and Wilson learned
its value out of. the book of their
own early struggles.
These are not new facts. Every
schoolboy should know them. Ev.
cry young man beginning a bus
mess career should be reminded Of
these splendid examples of OBJ
stacles overcome.
The lives OF most really success
full men constitute our best lessons
In thrift.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Boston Produce Market
Boston, Nov. 3

Boston, Nov. 80.
BEEF-Choice whole cattle 164@17
BUTTER-Extras 5SQ $50; firsts As
@5:
CHEEsE-Fresh choice 2602Ga;
CORNING. . yellow new YoO@1oe.
EGGS-Nearby hennery brown ex-
tras 7S@S0; white and mixed extras IS
97S; western extras 64@66.
FLOUR-Spring patents. 19g-lb.
635 a 705.
HAY-No. timothy 27@2S.
LAMB-Genuine spring 26@25.
OATS-Forty pounds 61@62.
PORK-Medium backs 2S@31.
POTATOES-Green Mountains best
160@165 per 100 pounds; sweets 225.
SUGAR-American Sugar Refinery
quotes 9.25 cents in 100-barrel lots
less per cent for cash.
VEAL-S@20.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Boston College-Holy
Cross Grid Clash Today

New York, Nov. 30-Already past
it's climax, football in the East will
close it's season tomorrow with sew
eral games of interest.
Catholic institutions will meet in
two of the principal contests. Boston
College battling Holy Cross at Bos-
ton in a contest upon which the
Catholic title hinges. In the other,
Fordhlm faces Georgetown at the
Yankee Stadium.
At Boston, the rival elevens are
closely matched, but Georgetown is
favored to take the measure of Ford
ham, which has had a disappointing
season.
The Marine Corps. of Quantico. Va,
ar1 Thir / Army Corps, of Baltimore.
will clash at Washington in one of
the most interesting service contests
of the season.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
How America Is Growing

America is growing.
To compare or contrast the Amer
lea of today with the America of ten
years ago or twenty years ago would
be like contrasting q railway train
with a stage coach.
Most of the things pessimists and
alarmists take fright at are simply
manifestations OF our progress and
development as a nation.
Many business men and bankers
who ought to reason more soundly,
have fallen into the habit of COM
pairing current facts and figures and
conditions prevailing at the peak OF
the boom caused by the imitation
brought by the World War.
Eddies there always have been
and always will be in our national
prosperity. But the all-important
ward.
Ponder these illustrations:
The value of our manufactures Is
four times what it was in 1000.
Four times as much money was
paid out in wages last year as was
paid in 1900.
Workers-persons gainfully occu-
pied--have increased more than H.
COCO since 1900, and total popula-
ton has grown nearly 35,OOO.OOO.
Bank deposits have increased from
81. DOC, GOO. 600 to $37 ,0OO, OO0. 900.
Savings bank deposits have in
creased 200 per cent, to fully 81
600 100000.
Bank clearings have gone, since
1900, from under $S5, 600, OOO,OOO to
fully 377,O0O.0O0.0
Money in circulation has jumped
up almost 200 per cent.
Pig iron output has doubled what
it was when the century opened.
Petroleum output has more than
doubled since 1914 and is nearly III
times what it was in 1900.
Coal production doubled IN the
last 90 years.
Exports of manufactures are four
fold what they were in 1900 and total
exports threefold.
|. imports of manufacturing mate
rial last year were five times the
value of the 1900 imports, and total
imports have jumped from below
one billion to not far from $4,OOO,-
600 900.
Our total national wealth is now
estimated at $500. GOV. 0OO,OOO; in loOO
it was less than 100000, O00, 900.
Our output OIL AkLHSi dlS Aco AASCi
800 per cent. 10 ooo
Our farms were valued at $2O.OOO,-
OO0. 900 in 1000. contrasted with not
far f-om $50, 100000 twenty years
later. -
Farm products have scared In
value from we'll under S5,OOU,OuO,-
600 to over $21 600 10000
Use Of electric service has In
creased 1000 per cent, and use OF
gas service go per cent. in the last
20 years.
Our railroads carried more than
twice as much freight last year as
they did in the first year of the cure
rent century.
The number of passenger automo-
biles manufactured in 1879 was
300: last year the total exceeded
100000, and this year the round
figure will be 100000.
We imported less than $1OO,OOO,-
600 worth of raw silk in 1914, con-
trasted with more than $4OO,OOO,OoO
for the year ended June 30 last.
Twenty years ago the amount OF
life insurance in force IN the United
States was $10.6O0. 600. 900; this year
the forty leading insurance com.
panies are estimating that at least
81. 750. 600. 600 worth of new insur-
ance will be written.
Twenty wears ago we had less than
100000 telephones: we now have
more than 14,000.000.
Our wheat production has In
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Series Good Bouts
Thanksgiving, Portland

Seven ring battles that ranged
from a one-round knockout to six
rounds Of whirlwind milling thrilled
a holiday crowd at the Exposition
building last night, and made up a
unique card offered by the Pine Tree
A. c. that was turkey and dressing
for boxing fans.
The outstanding bout of the eve
ming was a smashing melee between
Spike" Hennessey of Wa1tham and
Kayo Laroux of Berlin, N. H., and
this was the kittens robe de mutt.
Y The windup of the evening, which
introduced Johnny Mcintyre of
Glace Bay, N. s., and Walter Riley
of Worcester, Mass, was tinctured
with speed in every round, but not
so gruelling conflict as the semi
final. There was a lot of scoring,
and Mcintyre with his superior
knowledge had the edge, although
Riley. just as fast but not quite so
sfiffty made the Nova Scotia boy
extend himself.
There was a hectic Suggest when
Johnny Laroux collided with Eddie
Fitzpatrick of Waltham. The lat
ter is just out of the amateurs but
he put up a superb battle against
the more seasoned Granite Slater.
Young Brown of Biddeford, who
boxed first with his left hand out,
and then with his right, stopped the
victory streak of Barney Grant, Au-
burns fighting fool.
Chick Wills hung shade decision
on Kayo Mayo of Lewiston in a
tied-up fight. Wills scored a pair
of knockdowns, one in the second
and one in the sixth round, and was
the aggressor, earning a decision al
though he was far from giving his
opponent a bad beating.
The evening was pried off with
one of the most cyclonic prelims yet
staged at the Exposition building.
George Lee of this city and Kid
Brooks Of Canada fairly hammered
one another all over the ring for
three rounds.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

]; With the exception Of February
Of the FIRST nine months 81 1898 Tar
more than In the corresponding
months of 1921. Earnings OF January
1928 were at the rate of SIS percent
compared with 2.75 percent in jan
uary, 1922. February, 1928, earnings
fell Off to 373 percent compared
with ass year ago while in March,
1928, the rate was 5.S4 percent COM
pared with SOS percent last year. "a
In April, 1923. however. the roads
earned at the rate of SIS percent
compared with 4.01 a year ago. In
the following I'VE months, the rate of
the current year is shown as well
above that of last year.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Rroken Main Blood. Street

Old Orchard, Nov. 30--Traffic on
the Western division of the Boston
G. Maine Railroad yesterday after
noon, when d. water main broke In
Union avenue and flooded the street,
WISHING away a section of the rail-
road md forming lake that extend
ed from Union avenue. to Atlantic
avenue.
1t was half hour before the mains
could be nut off and the flood check
ed. Later in the afternoon the track
was repaired so that trains could
pass over. but the permanent repairs
will take much longe:. Automobile
and team traffic on the avenue will
be stopped for several days.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Middies May Meet
U. Of Wash. in Pasadena

Pasadena, Cal, Nov 30-The Tour
nament of Roses Association today
telegraphed the University of WASH
lngton football team an invitation to
meet Annapolis Naval Academy team
IN the annual east versus west game
on New Years Day in the Rose
Bowl here.
New York, Nov. 30.-Donations of
1900 each from John D. Rockefeller,
Jrs and from Colonel Robert nj.
thompson chairman of the American
olympic Committee, were announced
Today IN connection with the OPEN
ing Of New York's fdrive to raise
Noe.oo0 Of the S350.000 budget re-
CURED to- finance Americas repres-
entstion in the Olympic Games at
rarls, next year. Gustavus T. Kirby,
.oimer head of the olympic commit
we, has accepted leadership of the
Metropclitan campaign.
-- -S---A
Following receipt of an invitation
,.f the University of Washington tn
play football with tue United States
naval Academy at Pasadena, New
feaTs Day. Darwin NJ. Msisncst.
sfauuHte manager at Washington,
.VuhCcu tnat iris Dlu ana one from
sae community Development Asso-
eiation of Los Angeles to meet SYRIA
svVse University Christmas Day will
ne considered by the faculty athletic
eomm.ttee Monday morning at 8
oc,ock.
Joe II. Johnson, the Portland reins-
,,rah. has purchased the sensational
western PAGER. Roger c., with a heat
record of 2.02 1-2 taken at the Toledo,
~ Grand Circuit meeting last July.
roger G., although 10 years old next
aapans, has done his best racing In
als mature years. The big chestnut
smiggler" took win race record of
~ AZ at Toledo in 1922. and has
esn racing well around this mark
4 tsi tue past two years.
New York, Nov. so.-.The New
xsosk Giants today announced they
haa purchased John Cross, right
ianued pitcher, from the Mt. Ester
rs. ny. club of the Blue Grass
ssne. The purchase price was not
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
psnslty o. eeru lee.

Berg ice is the densest ard most
solid form in which fec exists Ire
mon ious pressure has squeezed the
air out of it and have given 10 1t
a resisting power that is not pcs
sessed by any other form ~ ice.
A steamship ramming al iceberg
drawing several hundred feet Of
water has but little chance OF escape
IL Striking It under full speed. Nov
even an iice- breaker can Withstand
a collision with such an object.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

WAN 0N0A1
taught school
as . young
man to obtain
money for his
education in
the law: Zach.
airy Taylor la
bored as .
boy on hts "a
TIERS south
ern plantation
and had prac-
cally no
early educa-..
ticnal advan-
takes: Millard
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
outIawed Moth Baggage

Empty grain bags have been out
lawed in Guatemala, their importa-
ton being prohibited by presidential
decree. The purpose is TO prevent
the introduction of a meth, called the
"gorgojo''. found in many of the cof-
fee propducing countries and very
harmful to the coffee beans.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Here's : New Word

You can't beat the flapper for coin
ing new words and expressions. Two
young girls were aboard a Waikiki
car. One had on new dress. the de-
sign of which might or might not
have been semi Egyptian. She was
explaining to her friend that 1t was
the latest style.
Quite tootankish. Ill say" her
friend remarked.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

An old captain and his mate went
Into a restaurant near the docks and
ordered dinner. The waiter placed a
plate of curious liquid before them.
IT say. young fellow. what's this
stuff?" shouted the captain
Soup. SIR replied the waiter.
Soup shouted the old sea-dog.
"Soup, Bilr' (turnine, to the nate,
Just think of that! Here you and me
have been sailing on soup all our lives,
an never knowed it till now!"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Phone Workers
Win Prizes for
Extraordinary Stunts

Chicago, Nov. so (By A. Ply
Risking their lives in a binding wy
oming BLIZZARD to restore telephone
service over the transcontinentai
line while a nation awaited election
returns won for Harold C. Daggett
and Earl J. Taylor, the Theodore N.
Vail gold medals and $500 awarded
annually for noteworthy public SER
vice among telephone company en-
ployes.
Announcement of the two gold
awards and seven silver medals, each
carrying $3.50 cash awards, was made
today.
Daggett and Taylor won their
medals on the evening of election
day, November Z, 1922, when q heavy
blizzard had blocked railroads and
crippled telegraph service.
A gang sent out from Cheyenne in
an army tractor the day before
fought eight miles through the storm
and found their way blocked. Dag
gett volunteered to repair the line
and travelled 81 miles during the
day, afoot and horseback.
Being told of another break three
miles farther on, he plodded through
the evening to the top of Sherman
Mountain. S.013 feet above sea level,
repaired the break, and spent sew
eral more hours finding shelter in
deserted bunkhause.
Taylor, in charge of the gang of
which Daggett was a member, learn
ed of Daggett's location and knowing
his exhausted condition. started out
late that night to find him. Early
next morning he found Daggett, his
clothing frozen stiff, asleep from ex-
l<,,,, LII, 1,.Str h
hold. He dragged the sleeping man
inside and both beat their way back
to Cheyenne the next day.
\ Among the silver medals was list
ed Ruth Cooke who was information
chief operator on duty at Washing
ton when the roof of the Knicker-
booker Theatre collapsed and who
sent out calls to police. ambulance
and medical forces.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

covering brought about moderate
rally in the tate positions, with final
prices to II points under Wednes-
Jays close. December closed $50,
March 4.5O May $50, July 4.69.
No fresh developments were noted
in refined sugar and prices continued
on the bases Of 500 to 9.25 for fine
graduated.
!, Refined futures nominal
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Force Of Habit

:Guy--waters has bad case Of
observation-disclosures.
Girl-Oh?
Guy~-Yes( he's just back from
motor boat cruise and the other
night he sat down in the bath and
baled II out until the whole moor
was flooded. New York sun and
Globe.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Furnished 10 The kenncbec JUurna.
through the courtesy OF y A Gamage
g Co. OF Augusta and .WateryiiIel

G Co. OF Augusta and tWateryiiIel.
Washington. Nov. 80 Earnings of
the principal railroads this year win
be sufficient to yield return on
valuation close to, If not above the
rate of SIS percent fixed by the In
terstate Commerce Commission, it is
now believed. Earnings of 1922 were
far below this rate.
In September, the last month for
which official returns are yet avail
able. the lines earned at the rate of
4.46 percent In September, 1922, the
rate was 2.S9 percent.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Likely 10 Endure.

~ restaurant keepers in convention
rte rte the passing of the white
ses.I The cracked cup. however,
Nus destined for immortality
-seatur Herald.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Crack Splinter Injured

New York, Nov. 80 (By A. P)-
Leon Murchison, crack sprinter of
the Newark, N. j., Athletic Club and
holder of the national 100 and 22O
yard dash titles, may be forced to
retire at least for a time from the
cinder path through serious injuries
to his back, sustained in an auto ac-
-cident at Philadelphia recently, it be-
came known today.
Murchison, who come to New York
today to undergo examination and
treatment by specialists, did not re-
veal details of the accident, but adj
mitted he had strained several liga-
ments and displaced a vertebra. He
expressed the fear that the injuries
would force his retirement for con-
siderable length of time, but he ex-
pressed confidence he would event
ually run again.
Murchison was ranked as a lead
ing candidate for the Olympic team
which will invade Paris next sum-
mer and should his services be lost,
Americas chances for sprint tri-
umphs would be dealt body blow.
He competed in the 1920 Olympics
at Antwerp. placing sixth in the 100
metre dash and fourth in the 200
metre event.
The Man Who Made Us Laugh
The death of a clown is like 1.-The
death of laughter. Recently the king
of clowns dropped out of the line.
Al Miaco, whose name was unknown
to the world but whose antics had
amused millions OF people for sixty
six years. kissed his fingers to the
crowd and slipped out of life.
Behind that gay makeup, that
fantastic chalked face with it's smil-
ing lips, real suffering had been hid
den from the world for at least the
last two years of his never-failing
appearances.
In the ring al was the spirit of
Youth turning his SomerSaults, fall
ing off his donkey. getting in every
body's way, being slapped and
knocked down and bumped over.
Out of the ring he was an old man
living quietly with his old wife. to
whom he had been married since
1867.
The day before his final curtain
dropped some one asked AL il he
thought it had been worth while.
Making them laugh isn't the
easiest thing in the world" was his
reply. And If you don't believe it,
try it yourself"
But there's a deeper philosophy
than that back of the antics of the
clown--if you will remember what
the great; French writer Beaumar-
chais said: Praised by some. blamed
by others, ridiculing the fools and
Irritating the wicked, am COM
relled to laugh at everything for
fear of heing forced to tears!"-
From Delineator.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Coburn Gridsters
Trim Amesbury

Classical of Waterville, Me-, yester-
day defeated Amesbury High 20 to 0.
Coburn's great punting featured the
game. Summary:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

'VT ITS urIlTdHtf dyureSSIV6 tedmS.
Place the hands on the upper half
of the ball with fingers spread and
pointing down, thumbs pointing up,
arms in close to body and flexed.
With the bali evenly balanced in
both hands. bring it near the body
above the waistline. Push ball up
ward, and outward toward the bas-
ket, giving the wrists a slight up
ward turn as you let the ball go
SO that it has it's proper English, or
twist. Body should be erect when
shot is completed.
Copyright, 1923, Associated Editors)
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
soPHoMoREs

Score. Freshmen II, Sophomores IA.
Goals, Nickerson 3, Johnson l.. O'Don-
nell 2. Dunnack 1, Burke 4. Peabody 2.
Referee, Weymouth rs. Timer, Nc
Phcrson &c. Scorer, Jacobs rs.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
Boys pon,t.. Either,

~ Roger. a farmer does not have
Ms suay navigation to get the bear
lcrIn. q fruit tree.-Boston Tran
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
EARLY THRIFT 4 NECESSITY
WITH MANY PRESIDENTS
BY .. w. sTRAus.

By .. w. sTRAus.
President American Society for
Thrift.
r. ron would learn . lesson in the
constructive values Of Thrift.
study the lives Of our Presidents.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01

creased W per cent and corn pro-
duction DO per cent. since 1000.
Forbes Magazine.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1923-12-01
(0) AMESBURY

: IOucndOWnS made by Shanahan 3.
Points after touchdowns made by
Shanahan, dropkick; Weston, rush.
Substitutions: Coburn-Matoski for
Deveau. Minihan for Grady. Danton
for khoury; Amesbury-Cote for
OKeefe, Wallace for Lancaster, Cur
rier for Wallace. Cote for Newell,
Wallace for Cote, Alenty for Ryan.
Referee. Sibley, Lawrence. Umpire,
J. GilrOy, Haverhill. Head linesman,
Mccarthy, Portsmouth. Time, ~
minute periods.