davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
DONATE PRIZES
FOR NEWSBOYS
Lads viii Have Own Ball
Thursday Night

Thru the generosity OF a number
OF Seattle business houses a list OF
prizes "a 20 ~ given away az a
dance TO be given for tho bencft
OF It's sick fund by Newshoya' union
No. isssi. al Eagles hall. seventh
ave. ana Pine a.. on the evening Of
washlngton's birthday, February e..
TIE donors and the prizes 10 be
awarded during the evening follow.
Fahey nrockman. s. merchandise
certificate. Wehfiold Goldberg. pair
cuff buttons. Woodlawn Flower
Shop. a ferns fricdman'a Market
Stall. ham. Eckart Cigar company,
a box of cigars and jar Of tobacco;
Mecca Rrfrcshmcnt parlor box 81
chocolates. YounE'a shirt Shop. s.
merchandise certificate. State. queen
City and Crystal markets. a ham
each; stall No. Sanitary market slab
OF bacon. National Market company
two quarts OF olive oil, CAROLS
Iowclry store. silver sandwich tray.
Hatton. Oliver. box of rox. Western
Trunk q Rag factory. money pouch.
e, q. Sutherland. icweler. Tie pin.
w r. IAne. jewclrr. pair cuff but
tons. Tailored Ready company.
boys blouse and suit, owl Drug com.
pany. Third and Pike store. per.
fume atomizrr LundquiHt 8 Lilly.
cap. Smith JCWelry company. scarf
pin.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Another Broadside
Is Fired by Morris

MONTERREY. Cal, Feb 2i=
GoNerneur Morris, author. today
Joined with Peter u. kyno la firms
brohdHidoa "a the movies
''rho industry b controlled by 10
iitcmte opportuniHts." Morris de
clared in statement publhhed
under his signature.
IL II pity. I'm the right hand
Il might have saved America from
many foolish mistakes ana Il might
have been the greatest power for
good In the world"
lie declared he agreed with every
ihlng Kyno shid.
1T y not business Morris
went on. III a cross between a
canncry and a nightmare"
The producers. with "auch glitter.
ing exceptions a. Charles Chaplin.
Doug Fairbanks and Buster Kea.
ton" De characterized an probably
the most ignorant and un,American
set Of men IN the world"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
POLICY LOSES
CHINA TRADE

The cash policy In dealing with
Chinese importing firms is losing
American companies millions OF dol.
lars worth or trade each year. nc.
eoriinE TO V. s. Giles. who has re-.
turned to Seattle. after spending four
years In China "a the representative
Of a trade development company.
Ho asserted that Chinese customs
and modes OF living demand class
OF articles designed 20 sell consider.
ably under the prices quoted In
American markets.
European firms arc producing wares
suitable 10 Chinese prices and modes
and are boosting their products by
the proper use OF propaganda. &c.
cordlng 10 Giles. and are thereby get.
ting much Of tho trade that should
so 20 American dealers.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Ruin MOUieS,
Declares Peter Il. Kyne
Author Continues Heavy Bombardment of
Producers Demands Artistic Stories

los ANGELES. Feb. si- Holly
wood ontrrnehcd Itself today aud
threw out additional bsrbod wire
while Peter ~ Kyuc. noted author
increased his bombnrdmcnt In the
general direction Of tho movies.
"tuder the present HyHt0m 90 pro-
duction Il Is impossible 90 make
good pictures" said Kyne. 80
many people who know nothing
about am or Ia construction al ALL
have a rayHo. each one thinking
his point Of Wow better than that
OF tho other,
"Thc result u frequently chaos
and even when n director has made
la splendid production and the pie
TURF u sent 10 tho home ofrcc IN
New York. various halfwiia there
get out their little scissors and start
Tho work. which II later completed
by tho Pollyanna school OF censor
aftlg
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
MEN TO SEEK
SIBERIA GOLD

Banded under the name Of the 81.
bsrian Exploration company. num-
Der OF Pacific coast men are plan
ming an expedition TO the gold fields
OF that region, according to an
nouncement from Los Angeles. head
quarters OF the company. wedncs-
day.
The Siberian fields were the prop
erty OF the car under the old Rus
sian regime. but the Far Eastern re-
public has announced that foreign
exploration Of the gold deposits will
will be welcome. under leases that
will guarantee the government n
small percentage of the gold taken.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
TRY SULPHUR ON
AN ECZEMA SKIN

Any breaking out Of the skin. even
fiery. Itching eczema, can BIO quickly
overcome by applying Mvntho.sul.
phur. declares n noted. akin special.
ist. Because OF it's germ destroying
properties. this sulphur preparation
instantly brings ease from skin irri.
tation. soothea and heals tho eczema
right UP and leaves the akin clear
and smooth.
II seldom fails 10 relieve the tor.
ment without delay. Sufferers from
skin trouble should obtain small
jar OF Rowles Neutrality-suspicious. from
any good druggist and uso Il like
cold Advertisement
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
PRODUCERS REPLY
TO NOTED AUTHOR

II produced Cappy Kicks ppe.
tioally Rs Kync wrote tho stories -
said Forman. ''and then he had the
nerve 20 como around 20 me tho
frat time no met mr and ray so
ypu are tho man who ruined my
Cappy Rickar II there was any,
thing the matter with n. 4 was
thc fault Of tho story. not tho pro.
ducinE II vas a very successful
picture"
Barker. who rejected several Kyno
stories. said
''Mr Eyne has written many won.
dcrfui stories. but those saw were
no, suited Tor tho screen. am
sorry 20 sse him turn nEainKt US.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
FASHION SHOW
OPENS MARCH 5

Dame Fashion viii relgn In Seat.
tie stores. March 3. and 7. when
the 1928 spring styles viii be on din.
play In all Seattle stores The retail
trade bureau OF the Chamber OF
Commerce viii offer five prizes to
the five merchants having the most
superior window displays. and com.
mittce OF judges viii visit all stores.
Merchants are mnrvellng at the
beauty and quality OF the spring Of.
ferinEs. The fashion show viii DO
advertised during the present week.
and outside buyers win be invited to
inspect the goods offered.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
PREPARE FOR
SPORTS SHOW

Preparations are complete for the
opening Of the first annual sports
mems show. which will open at the
Crystal Pool Thursday. at / p. m,
organizers announced Wednesday.
A feature OF the opening day will
be a parade OF members OF sports.
mems associations OF Seattle and
other Washington cities. for which
number OF floats have been built.
The fair viii be staged under the
auspices Of the Seattle sportsmen's
association.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Chamber Pledges
Aid to Speedway

Speed demons will continue to
provide annual thrills at the Tacoma
speedway II the support OF the Seat.
tie Chamber of Commerce can bring
them TO this state. a report of the
unity committee Of the chamber. IA
yoring maintenance OF the speedway,
was adopted by the board OF trustees
Tuesday. The local chamber win
give every aid to make the annual
raceg a success.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Arrange Rites for
Seattle Patrolman

Following hls sudden death from
brain hcmurrhaEr. at his homo nj
bio Harrison VI, Tuesday afternoon.
the body of Patrolmna Oscar Holm
was bSlnE held nj the parlors Of the
Cremation Society Of Washington
"wednesday Holm. who WIS 10. IS
survived b. his widow, Faith Holm.
and his daughters. Thclma and
Evelyn.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Professor VIII
Speak at Temple

Professor +. J. Saunders. OF the
university will lecture on '-Tha
Earth's Early Eruptions. and Their
Effects" AZ the Labor temple sixth
and University. Thursday evening.
at 8. This In tho third lecture Of a
series on a Geologic History OF the
World" illustrated with slides. given
under the auspices OF tho Seattle la.
Dor college.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
"Pape's Cold Compound" Breaks Cold in Few Hour
Colonial Dance
by Girls Club

The spirit Of the Colonial period IN
American history will be carried out
az d ffoafnm 10 be given BY the High
School Girls Reserve clubs az tho Y,
W G. A. building Friday evening.
A onc-aci pluylei. readings and songs
viii be staged In Colonial settings
The minuct viii be- danced as a spo-
cihi feature.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Stabbed by
Neuritis!

Many peopie -~frer attacks By this
archfierd. commonly called nerve
inflammation" The first warning Is
usually a sharp. staobing pain. which
may come and 90" or hurt con-
stantiy. You may seel u IN the
shoulder, neck. forearm. small of the
back or down the thigh and leg 10
the heel. 1t Is sometimes mistaken
for sciatica. rheumatism or neural
gia. which often end In neuritis.
No matter where you have had
nerve pains or what caused them.
you can get quick relief without
using narcotics or poison Apply
Tysnoi over the part that hurts. and
the pain will be gone
Tysmol 10 absor bed through the
pores OF the skin. IL has soothing.
healing effect upon the diseased
nerves, gradually helping to restore
them to healthy condition.
Don't suffer any longer. Price 81
at any reliable druggist.
TysEioi Co. Mfg. Chemists. 400
Sutter ST.. San Francisco.-Adyert
meat
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21

business. All women try 10 dress 20
be attractive. as they should. That's
a woman's main occupation. she
viii always dress 10 make the best
impression and II tho current style
calls FOR silk hose and sleeveless
gowns. plus iow.eut necks. you can
bet that they viii wear them regard.
less OK the time or season"
Il am not fond ot cold weather be-
cause chill very easily and am quite
susceptible 10 slight colds. hut In
view Of all that. I wear just what l
please. Should the notion strike mo
TO wear one OF my summer gowns
in the middle OF a New England
winter. certainly would do IT,"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Colleens to Plead
for Aid of Irish

Three colleens from Old Erin will
plead for aid in conducting relief
work in Ireland ut tho Knights of
Columbus hall, Thursday evening
They are Mrs. sheehy Skefflngton,
Miss Lynda Kearns and Miss Rath.
leen Boland. The meeting is spon.
sorcd by the United Irish Societies OF
Seattle,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21

This talk about thin waists. silk
stockings and low.eut gowns being
dangerous for girls In the winter
months or making them susceptible
TO all kinds OF winter ailments. il
the bunk" says Jessie Busley. the
clever Coincidence at the Moore this
week.
silk stockings. evening gowns
and other women's fashions which
have been condemned from time 20
time BY the so-ealled health experts
for cold weather. are no more inIur.
ious to ones health than bodied hair
or wrist watches"
''women's fashions are women's
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Back Red Raven
in Old Car Race

SAN DIEGO. Cal. Feb. si.--Rcd
Raven. an automobile that las
buried for six years in tho sands Of
the San Diego river. Is the fRvoritc
In tomorrow'a ancient automobile
race here. The Dsvcn will be- pl.
lo,cd By Eddie Pullcn. famous driver.
II was completely buried in the
floods OF 1915 and discovered when
the floods Of last year uncovered il.
The car runs perfectly. Entrants
must agree TO sell their cars for
$50 at the end OK the race.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Lloyds Back From
Their Honeymoon

LOB ANGELES. Feb. 2i.-Harold
Lloyd. film comedian. and his bride,
Mildred Davies, returned from their
honeymoon today.
They have settled In n hotel pend.
ing elimination or their plans 20
build a house Lloyd Immediately
resumed work az the Hal Roach
studios on a new comedy.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Count VIII Talk
on Ruhr Invasion

Events that transDired during the
French occupation Of the German
Ruhr district will be tie topic Of an
address 20 be given In Seattle BY
Count Hugo Lcrchenfeld. former
prime minister of Bavaria. who -
expected 10 arrive IN Seattle on
March /.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Gov. Pierce Signs
8-Hour Day Bill

SALEM. Orc Feb. 2l.-The bill
providing an sisht.hour day Tor lum.
her workers. recently passed By the
Oregon legislature. was signed by
Gov. Walter II. Pierce yesterday.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Rheumatism
"A Remarkable Home Treatment Given
by One Who Had IL

by Ono Who Had II
In the year Of 1888 was at at
lacked by Muscular and sub-Acute|
| Rheumatism. ! suffered AZ only those
who are thus afflicted know for over
three years. ! tried remedy after
remedy. but such relief ~ I obtained
was only temporary. Finally. I found
a treatment that cured me complete
liz and such a pltifui condition has
never returned. / have given Il TO
number who were terribly afflicted.
even bedridden. some Of them seventy
70 eighty years old. and the results
were the same as in my own case.
want every sufferer from any
form OF muscular and sub-acuts swell
ling at the JointsJ rheumatism. 70 try
the great value Of my improved
'fHome Treatment for its remarkable
dealing power. Don't send cent
simply mail your name and address.
and I will send Il free 20 try. After
you have used II. and it has proven
Itself to be that long look ed for
means OF getting rid OF such forms Of
Irheumatism, you may send the price
of II. One Dollar. but understand
10 not want your money uniess you
are perfectly satiaflsd TO send II. Isn't
that fair7 Why suffer any longer.
when relief Is thus offered you free
Don't delay. Write today.
Marx II. Jackson, No. 1851, Durston
Bldg, Syracuse. ~. Y.
Mr.. Jackson Is responsible. Above
statement true.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21

bat am sure the cameras will
continue 10 grind"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21
Like a Knife
Thru the Heart

That's how tho sharp, shooting
pain caused by gas pressure feels 10
the average sufferer Many people
endure 1t, thinking the heart liz ar
fected. when in reality tho stomach
Is ut fault.
To get rid Of tho pain you must
prevent the formation OF cxccssiyc
gas In the stomach and bowels. This
may be done quickly and RRfcly by
taking Bnalmnnn'H Gas Tablets be.
fore and after meals.
Bnalmhnn'A Gas Tablets nro used
throughout America for tho relief
Of gas and evils resulting thorefrom.
They contain no dopc-no harmful
drugs OF any kind. Anyone can take
them. Relief IN usually given In n
few minutes.
Leading druggists carry Bnnl-
mnnn's Gaa Tablets, The genuine
come In n yellow photographer. ono
dollnr. j. BaRlmnnn, Chemist San
FranCiFco.- Acknowledgement,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1923-02-21

5zG7'cCI
Four Reasons Why You Should
Buy Your Ford Car This Month
The throughout the winter months
has taken plants working at capacity nd
eating that the demand this ngwibe
of Ford Cars that can possibly be built
January which retail deliveries ex
ceeded 100000 Ford March, the
month when preparations already Spring business
called for 200 36 $4,000 excess of the
number al possibly produce
Ford dealers country already finding it nece
specify delivery because there
o stocks to FROM.
Your order placed protect you against delay or dippon
men later OMIT the of reasonably
prompt delivery
We consider important to you these facts so that
planning to purchase Ford Car Truck or Fordson Trac
tor for this Spring Summer you can list your order at
and take advantage of dealers first opportunity to
make delivery
a&1AtGst~!6@emaav~
Detroit Michigan
See any Authorized Seattle Ford Dealer
Small Deposit and Easy Payments if Desired
See Our Exhibit Fods and
to March Bird
Evening star., 1923-06-10
NORTH POLE FLIGHT
TO START JUNE 20
Amundsen to Hop Off From Alaska
on Twenty.Two-H Hour Trip to
Spitzbergen.
By the Associated Press.


BERGEN. Norway, June s.-It is
now settled that Capt. Roald Amund-
sen and his pilot, Omda1, will start
on their north pole flight from VAIN
wright, Alaska, to Spitzbergen on or
about June 20. The flight is expected
to take about twenty-five hours.
1t Is thought that the greatest dan
ger of engine failure will arise after
the machine has passed the pole and
is approaching tho edge of the polar
ice north of Spitzbergen. In summer
this ice pack IS at a considerable
distance north OF the island.
If Amundsen and Omdal are forced
to land and abandon their aeroplane,
they will, If within reasonable dis
tance OF the ice edge. try to reach 1t
The Norwegian government has as
signed two naval hydro -airp1anes and
one fishing patrol vessel to assist in
the quest for the pole. AS soon as a
message Is received at Spitzbergen
stating that Amundsen has started.
the airplanes and patrol ship will at
once proceed to the edge of the ice.
The vessel, which already has
sailed for the island. will cruise
along the ice rim, while the air
planes will continue a northward
flight toward the pole to meet
Amundsen and escort him home or
to render help should tho explorer
need 1t.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
TURKEY ADAMANT
ON DEBT QUESTION
Lausanne Near Wreck as
Ottoman Delegates Insist
They Will Never Sign.
By the Associated Press.


LAUSANNE. Juno s-The Swiss
government invited the entire near
east peace conference delegations and
correspondents today on an excur-
sion to Lake Leman. Every one
seemed happy, but nobody found a
formula to save the conference from
shipwreck on the jagged rock Of the
Ottoman debt.
Ismet Pasha, hero OF the excursion.
informed the Associated Press cor
respondent: 1T is q charming ex-
cursion. but I hope the American
people will understand that we can
never sign a peace which means the
financial strangulation Of Turkey.
We simply cannot pay our debt in
foreigA cufrencies, so why should
the allies ask me to sign Turkeys
death warrant?'
Fears New Clashes.
N. Venizelos. head of the Greek
delegation, told a tale scarcely less
important 1T this conference is
adjourned. as it may have to be, be-
cause of failure to agree over the
Turkish debt problem" he said, Il
shall ask the conference to authorize
the signature of peace preliminaries
between Turkey and Greece before
we separate. That is only Just.
Practically everything is arranged
between Turkey and Greece and ad
journment of the conference would
only create risk OF new CLASHES
between the Hellenic and Ottoman
armies.
Mind you. I do not say a separate
peace: but peace preiiminaries. guar
anteeing peace at some future date -
Allies See No Light.
-, The allied leaders said their posi-
tons were diametricaIly opposed to
mitted they saw no light.
Somebody must retreat from the
advanced line. and the next few days
Will disclose who is to be conciliatory
II the conference is to be saved In
the meantime Joseph c. Grew, the
American representative. continues
active in his mediation efforts. Before
embarking on the excursion he
brought Representative Stephen G
Lausanne hotel. lsmet Informed the
correspondent later: I'VE had a fine
chat. which convinces me that the
United States has the most friendly
sentiments toward my country"
Moratorium Likely.
The solution of the really grave
situation may be. found in tho appli-
cation of some kind Of mora toriun,
to Turkey: indeed, 1smet Pasha gave
the impression tonight that if the
moratorium were for sufficiently
long period Turkey might accept this
in the way of settlement.
Porter explained tonight that the
main object of his visit to Ismet
Pasha was to induce Turkey to ad-
here to The Hague opium convention
He expressed confidence. after talking
with the Turkish leader, that Turk ey
will come in IL peace is signed al
Lausanne and Turkey gets started or
the road to reconstruction.
Turkish adherence would leave only
Switzerland and Persia outside this
convention.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Cuno's Family
Costs Germany
S5 Each Month

BY the Associated Press.
BERLIN, June s.-If DR.. Carl
wirth we're still chancellor. Ger
many would be saving about Sc
month, for DR.. Wirth is a bachelor.
Chancellor Cuno, in addition to his
own salary Of 5,372,25o marks for
June, will receive an allowance
Of ss1,750 marks for his wife and
ave children.
The official pay rolls of the
reich vary monthly with the in
creased cost Of living. Chancel-
lor Cuno's $50 salary check. how
ever, compares very favorab1y
with the remuneration paid this
month to others in high positions.
For instance, a railway president
will receive 2,e79.0O0 marks, and
an ambassador 3,71S,o00 marks. A
postman gets 560,475 marks, a
railway conductor 627.450 marks,
a fireman 694.725, an engineer
771,975. q ministerial undersecre-
tary S29.375. A charwoman will
receive 51S.175 marks. According
to the economic experts, anything
below the last named amount Is
less than the minimum monthly
requirement for the sustenance of
a family of four.
Each federal employe Is al
lowed $4,000 marks for his wife
and from 10000 to 105,750 marks
for each child.
Evening star., 1923-06-10
Harden Sees German People
Fiddling as Country Burns
Can't Pay Reparations, But Waste Mil
lions on Girl Shows, Choice Vines
and Expensive Vacations.

Foolish Virgin" "The Lady With the
Monocle." THE Battle of the Sexes"
The Blue Pajamas." The Chaste
Joseph" The Breeches" and The
Sins OF Berlin"
These and other things like them.
presented not only in the theaters,
but IN cinemas and cabarets, cannot
be described for decent ears. With
possibly a single exception. these
pieces are utterly worthless and de-
pend for success solely upon elaborate
decorations, collections Of smutty
jokes and the exhibition of naked or
half-naked women.
These "enjoyments' cost 5000
marks NORMALLY s1.250l for the poor
est seats, up TO $4,000 and $4,000
marks for the best places. Wherever
two or three shapely women can be
seen quite naked, together with al
most naked chorus girls, ticket specu-
lators easily get 100000 marks for a
seat. Business flourishes: the pro-
ducers ride about in automobiles and
buy themselves fine villas.
OF course. you get the excuse daily
that these shows and the bars and
cabarets and dance halls are support
ed solely by visiting foreigners with
a lie. dictated by a false patriotism
which excuses every crime Since
prices in Germany ascended above
the peaks Of the Rocky mountains the
tide or the foreign invasion has ebbed,
and those few whose business brings
them here turn away Disguised from
these spectacles.
Why Mark Declines.
Germans today are paying 500
marks for street car fares, 700 marks
for an egg. 600 for a pound OF tea,
100000 for a suit Of clothes and the
most fantastic prices for wines.
liquors, Havana cigars and Californ. "a
fruits. At Whitsuntide they made ex-
cursions in such numbers that all
railway records were broken. Sum-
mer resorts everywhere are so full
that many persons are glad TO sleep
on a billiard table or In a bathtub.
All of this at enormous prices And
all in Germany. whose national and
state officers struggle with deficits in
trillions-a nation that demands
world sympathy and Is indignant be-
cause the world does not believe its
assertions that it cannot pay any
debt whatever.
The reason the mark declines Is
easy to discover when 100000, 900. 900
new paper marks are printed daily.
In the circumstances 1t is q wonder
that the mark has any value what
ever
Evening star., 1923-06-10
BANDITS IN MEXICO
ROB TRAIN, KILL ONE
Engine and Four Cars Derailed,
Flying Column Pursues Brigands
After Bitter Fighting.
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, June Am at.
tempt by bandits to rob a passenger
train bound from Jalapa to Puebla
north of Amozoc. last night, was
foiled by military guards. The bandits
were not driven off. however, until
after one passenger had been killed
column from Puebla is in pursuit of
the marauders.
The first intimation Of trouble was
when the locomotive ran into a pile
of rocks In the roadbed and was de-
rallied, together with four cars. In
the subsequent fighting, which lasted
half hour. Eduardo Mauri, promi-
nent Puebla business man, was killed
and two brakemen, one soldier and
another passenger wounded. The
robbers casualties are unknown.