davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-07-15

of this land OF granite and pine
where the black coal is SO poor that
1t runs out in peat. Fifteen million
horsepower! Some engineers esti-
mate that 1t takes ten tons Of black
coal turned into steam to make one
horsepower, so that this white coal
must be multiplied by ten to appre-
ciate Its value against the black coal
Of the world. According to that, 1t
is. annually worth just one hundred
and nifty million tons Of soft coal, or
one-tenth Of all the coal product of
the whole world today. We produce
more coal than any other country,
turning out annually something like
six hundred million tons, or four
times as much as Norway's possible
product IN her waterfall value. Eng
land produces only half as much as
we do and the other lands of the
world produce less. This white coal
of Norway lies in waterfalls all over
the country, and the rainfall and the
reservoirs. in the shape of lakes and
basins which can be filled by mex
pensive dams, are such that the sup
ply of electricity would be steady
throughout the year. In many other
countries, the hydro-electric power
can be used only six or eight months
when the streams get 80 low that
steam ,must be used for the rest of
the year. This Is So at the Zambesi
Falls. the Niagara, OF South Africa. At
times. it is said. they produce what
would be- thirty-fiye.,. million. horse
power If the zambesi kept up. but the
power dwindles almost to nothing
when the river is low.
AS to the horsepower already devel-
oped. Norway has more than 1.2o0, 600.
but this. although only about one
fourth our development. far exceeds
that Of any country in Europe. Many
OF these waterfalls are right on the
ocean, They compare with a few we
have in southeastern Alaska. The
water plunges from the high cliffs di-
rectly down int the deep flords. so that
the largest steamers can dock near the
power stations. The fiords are free
from ice throughout the year, and the
opportunities for large factories are
many. Some of the falls on their
course from the hills to the sea have
drop of from 1900 feet to more than
mile and the many large lakes en-
able their discharges to be easily regu-
lated.
The falls are scattered throughout
the country so that long transmission
lines will not be needed TO bring the
electricity right into the homes Of the
people. OF the 100000 horsepower
already developed. onefourth is devot-
ed to supplying electricity for light
ing. for street car systems and house
hold and farm use. while the balance
is consumed by large industries. OF
the available horsepower about one
seventh is owned by the government.
an equal amount by municipalities
large and small, while the rest is in
the hands Of private parties.
Evening star., 1923-07-15
tumn Clothes Promise Long Goats for Street Wear

ad1ures the jumper Jacket. There Is
short, coat used with a TERED skirt,
the two forming the semblance Of a
frock and the Jacket carries a cape at
the back which gives an exit to the
arms.
On new suit Of black crepe Marc
cain the cape is edged with narrow fur.
It is the only part of the costume that
carries peltry.
There is a renewed usage Of fur on
suits, but 1t is gently done. somewhat
after the manner Of last season when
odds and ends were turned into spe-
cialized accessories by the dressmakers
after the medieval fashion. It was a
likable trick, allur1ng to the econom-
LIST, pleasing TO the worker whose
shelves are usually crowded with bits
Of precious peltry too small for the
conventional decoration.
X X X X
A FEW Of the new coat sleeves
have wide gauntlet cuffs that are
attached to the elbow below a line of
embroidery or braiding An ornamen-
tai button will make them tight at
the wrists. Gauntlets, by the way, re-
appear on several of the recent i'm
portations for autumn. Gold lace is
used on a black satin sleeve as one
Of the novelties.
Satin Is revived for new frocks and
suits. Crepe de chine, printed and
plain, will continue to be chosen with
as much enthusiasm as though it were
newly christened. Thin kasha, silk
broadcloth, fine English suitings, wool
rep and some serge will be used for
coats and skirts when they are need
ed. There is nothing radically new in
fabrics for sturdy clothes, although
the brocades and watered silks, fine
| silks and printed crepe for conspicu-
GUS clothes fill the counters. The
weavers and dyers have done their
best this season to initiate the splen-
doris of China and East India. and
their success will give US a chance TO
be as glorious as birds of parable
when social life starts.
Old-fashioned watered silk, called
moire, Is revived for autumn along
with satin. France has shown many
Of them to our buyers. and they have
been sufficiently worn at the races TO
exploit the style. The weave is sup
pie. 1t is imperative that all fabrics
should be soft, for there is a continu-
ance Of clinging clothes. The pres
ence Of width does not alter the sill
houette. Magnificent brocades, despite
their formaiity of design and costn-
| ness, have lost their stiffness. They
show no resistance TO drapery.
Evening star., 1923-07-15

rode. looked In vain for farm villages
such as have photographed In Belgium
and France Instead there were farm
houses and good sized farm barns stand
ing alone on the landscape. The build
ings were about the same as we have
I'm America, and, except for the fact
that there were many women at work
in the fields, the farms were not diff
ferent.
Turing my stay in Christiania l
- have motored out through the
country. The farmers are now gath
ering in their crops for the winter.
They are harvesting oats and digging
potatoes. The potato is the chief
root crop that can be grown here at
a profit, and the annual yield is about
twenty five million bushels. ! stop
ped at a field where men and women
were gathering the tubers into bar
rels for the market. Some of them
were digging. The field contained
sixty acres. It was the largest body
of farm land I saw during the trip.
The chief grain crop of Norway is
oats. 1t is grown all over the coun-
try and a large part of it comes from
little patches surrounded by rocks. In
this ride, it seemed to me that every
patch of good soil was yellow with
oats. Some Of the fields made me
think of an octopus, its back contain
ing the body Of the crop and its yell
low arms stretching ont into the
rocks. Where the oats was cut, the
shocks were no bigger around than
my waist and about eight feet in
height. There would. be scores of
these tall, golden figures standing like
ghosts in one single field. In other
places the grain, tied In lean sheaves,
was hung upon racks like so much
laundry to dry in the sun and the
wind. Some Of these racks were ten
or twelve feet in length. Others ran
across the field making walls or
fences Of oats as high as my head.
The racks are made by driving posts,
with projecting pins, into the ground
There are three or four pins on each
post. Long poles are laid on the pins
and upon these the oatsheaves are
hung, overlapping one another, SO
that they shed the rain.
You all remember the poem Of the
Judge and Maud Muller:
Maud Muller on summers day.
Raked the meadow sweet with hay
That is the American version. In
Norway 1t would read:
when the young Judge was seeking
votes. He saw Maud Muller binding
oats
Maud Mullers and they all vote. They
are fairhaired, blue-eyed blondes and
they work bare-headed and bare-arm-
ed side by side with the men. The
whole family Of the farmer helps
with the harvesting. stopped at a
grain field today where father with
Evening star., 1923-07-15
rank c. Carpenter Writes of 1.-THE Land of the Midnight Farm

a LONG the lines of-future develop
\ ment, the greatest, perhaps, will
be in. the electro-chemical and electro
metallurgical industries. Norway Is
now taking nitrogen from the air and
by means Of these waterfalls is turn
ing it into artificial fertilizers that will
compete with the nitrates of Chile.
Nitrates Of lime and cyanide are also
produced in large quantities. There Is
one firm which uses a quarter-offa mil
lion horsepower for such purposes!
They are making a great deal Of
calcium carbide. and several years ago
the eIectro-chemical products had
reached an export value of more than
$500. 100000.
Among the largest of the resources
of Norway are those contained in the
sea. One of these is fish. These sons
of the vikings are expert fishermen,
and before the war they were shipping
almost two and. a half million pounds
of dried fish to America. The Norwe-
gian dried cod. or split fish, goes every
where, and" especially TO Spain and
Portugal. although the export to those
countries just now has been reduced
o.
Norwegians for their new laws of par
tial prohibition. In the past the cod
have been paid for by the Importation
Of liquors. These imports have been
cut and the Portuguese are putting on
big 4harbor duties and refusing to buy
Norwegian goods,
AS far back as 1912 Norway ex.
ported 100000 pounds of dried cod.
and she now sells to other countries
more than thirty times that amonnt
The government considers the business
SO important that 1t sends men to
lecture to the fishermen and tell them
how to split the cod and dry them
best for the market.
Another big fish export is the her
ring, and just now the whale fishing
Is paying we'll. These Norwegians go
all over the world hunting whales and
recently their best grounds have been
in the Antarctic ocean, where as many
as 10000 whales have been caught in
one year. The ships use the harpoon
grenade which was invented by q Nor
wegian. This is a bomb with a time
fuse so set that it explodes inside the
whale. 1t Is discharged from gun,
mounted on the poop of the ship. the
bomb either kills the whale outright or
so wounds 1t that It can be easily
taken.
A large part of the profits Is now
coming from the whale oil. which. by
new invention. Is hardened into fat
that takes the place of butter or mar
garine. Scientific tests have proved
this fish butter can be absorbed into
ones system quite as easily as natural
fat. 1t is due to this hardened whale
butter that Norway was spared the fat
famine which was common 70 most
countries Of Europe during the war.
loarpenter's World Travels. Copyrighted. 1875,
Evening star., 1923-07-15

- low would you like to farm In
land where the sun works for
you all night long1 Where
- - you can harvest oats or dig
potatoes at / o'clock in the morning
and where the long days make the
crops fairly leap from the ground?
That is what they have here In Nor
way. 1t is the same in parts Of Alaska,
and in all other lands where the sun
shines at midnight, and the twilight is
working when the rest of the world Is
asleep. The sun stays up till IL
o'clock in the northern part of this
country. I have seen the same thing on
the Yukon in the heart OF Alaska, and
I have read newspapers in both coun-
tries by daylight between night and
morning. The shortness of the summer
is compensated by the long light and the
fact that nature works sixteen or more
hours every day.
This is one of the advantages of
Norwegian farming. It has disadvan-
taRes as we'll. One is that there is not
much land to farm. The country Is so
covered with rocks and trees that only
three acres in every one hundred has
been put under the plow, and seventy
Ave of them produce nothing of value.
There is only one large tract of good
farming land, and that is not half as
big as Rhode Island. It lies at the
southwestern end of Norway near Den
mark, which country 1t greatly re-
sembles. The land is smooth and gently
rolling and it produces good crops.
COMING northward from Copenhagen
~ to Christiania, I passed through
Sweden, and rode for four hours on the
train through southern Norway. The
whole way was spotted with what might
be called handkerchief of land in the
midst of the rocks. In some places the
handkerchiefs lay amid half buried
boulders Of granite and fat black and
white cattle were feeding upon them
Some of the patches were cultivated
and had little crops of oats and potatoes
II was nowhere out Of sight Of the
prtmesal rock, and the land made me
think of the half-bald head OF old
Mother Earth, with patches of hair. the
pine trees, scattered here and there over
it. The rocks had been secured by the
great ice sheet which rolled from here
down over Europe and it reminded me
es the Matoppos hills in South Africa
where Cecil Rhodes is buried. Every
few miles we passed lakes and streams
and the latter were filed with logs
or pieces of pulp wood floating down to
the mills to be made into paper. Every
now and then we went by a sawmill
or a pulp factory and in many places
they were shipping lumber and pulp.
Here and there the farmers had cut
their hay and hung 1t on racks that II
Nigh dry the moro quickly, and every
whore they wers harvesting oats. AZ
Evening star., 1923-07-15

artificial wool has been recently ac-
has. it is estimated. about three mil
have PAPER coats and trousers from
these pines and frs.
During the, last two years. they
have been using cellulose as cattle
feed and they are now finding a way
to use the waste for the making of
alcohol. A number Of the cellulose
mills now have alcohol factories, in
connectionaw with them, and it is be-
lieved that this will greatly add to
the industry. which already employs
some thousands of the best workers
of Norway. n~ =
During 4his trip to Europe / have
found every country through which
I have passed wide-awake to it's
electrical possibilities. The. compli-
cations OF the coal situation during
the world war led to the study of re-
placing coal with electricity wher-
ever possible. either by establishing
electric work At the mines or by har-
Messing the waterfalls, / have al
ready written Of the great scheme
for making the River Rhone run
the railways and factories Of France,
and told how Belgium expects to
electrify some Of her trunk lines.
They are considering 1t even in Hol-
land and Denmark, countries which
have no coal and are so fiat they can
have no waterfalls of great value,
and here in Scandinavia, where the
whole peninsula is peppered with
falling water, It Is one Of the live
questions Of the hour. / shall write
Of Sweden later.
Norway has more waterfalls than
Sweden, 1t leads all the countries of
Europe and comes next to the United
States in the extent Of its available
waterpowers. The government is
now investigating the matter and. ac-
cording to tho latest surveys there is
enough falling water to produce If
teen million horsepower. Our avail
able waterpower is not more than
sixty millions and Sweden, which
comes next to Norway, has only half
or perhaps two-thirds as much.
France has less than six million
available horsepower. and Spain only
Ave. The new republic Of Finland
lions and this is twice the possibili-
ties OF Switzerland, which one would
naturally expect to have the most
extensive falls OF the world.
- \ + 4 y
FEIrTDEN million horsepower! These
- are the figures fer the white coal
Evening star., 1923-07-15

might be profitable to spend a few of
the hot hours thinking what Is best
to do when they are over.
+ The kind OF long coat that fashion
provides for the autumn has been
In service at the French races to
please and stimulate the American
buyers who are there looking for our
new clothes. Two most conspicuous
examples OF the promised garment
were three-quarter in length, with
decided flares at the hem. One was
cut like the raglan men wear In
England. The other was suggestive
of the formal Bourbon court coats
for men. The first was OF thin cloth,
beltless, long of sleeve and high of
neck, a comfortable wrap with pro-
tective qualities. Fur-encircled neck
and wrists and three huge buttons
held the fronts together over the
chest. In America this coat showed
five buttons. We do not like that
trick of the French in giving our
hands too much to do in adjusting
the wrap to the wind and snow.
Their hands must have been fash
ioned for this work, for they never
cease their activities in this field.
That is the reason the great mass Of
our women are compelled to have
nearly every French garment reme-
died to suit our lack of gesture and
our disinclination to constantly keep
our garments in place.
X y r
FRENCH clothes are designed for
the French temperament and pc
culiar movement OF the hips and
hands. Why our buyers do not real
ize this with more force Is hard to
explain The French dressmakers
cannot understand the difference be-
tween types. Their women like to
keep the obIong shoulder line in
place by their hands, doing 1t a hun
dred times a day.
We adopt the olive-shaped open
ing. which slips from side to side.
making US look more or less gro
tesque. without giving our hands the
work to do. We don't know that the
fashion Ats the French nervousness
of gesture.
But back to long coats. CHow hot
weather makes one stray from the
broad and beaten highway
The second notable coat worn at the
Evening star., 1923-07-15

his son and two daughters were reap
ing oats. The son was a husky six
footer and the girls, fifteen or six
teen years OF age, were fair-haired
and blue-eyed. The boy was cutting
oats with a scythe and the girls fol-
lowed behind and raked 1t together,
binding 1t In small sheaves with the
straw as binder.
X t \ rH
At the same time the father was
shocking. He did this by making
a hole in the ground with crow bar,
and then driving down a@pole about
eight feet in height. When this was
fixed firmly; he would take the first
sheaf of oats and pullit down around
the pole to the ground. He would
then put on another, and so continued
until the sheaves reached the top Of
the pole, which he so capped that the
shock sheds the rain. In the United
States, most OF our oats IL cut by ma
chinery and often bound and threshed
by the reaper. 5" t>
The fields here are too small for
heavy implements. although on the
larger estates some reapers and iron
hayrakes are used. The first Amert-
can tractor which was brought here
four years ago created q sensation
and there, are now about three hun
dred Of them in use. Most. Of the
crops, however, are still cultivated
and harvested by hand. In some parts
of the mountains the hay is rolled UP
into bundles and slid down on wire
ropes to the barns far below. :
should like to write fully con-
cerning farming on the edge Of the
fiords and the beauties of this Euro
pean Northland. but scenic Norway is
another story. There is no other
country on earth where the teeth of
old Neptune have so gnawed through
the gigantic rocks lining the shore
that the ocean runs far into the land
with cliffs on each side half mile
or more high. There IL none but
Alaska that has such q necklace of
islands. and few that have pine
woods which compare with the for
ests that half cover this country.
In my rides through the farm re-
gions I have been in the woods al
most all the time. The pines grow
right up to the edge OF ~Christiania,
and there is scarcely place where
the birch and the fir are not to be
found. One acre in every hve is COW
cred with woods and among the chief
Evening star., 1923-07-15
Sandwiches Worth While.
jelly Sandwiches,

Use thin slices of white or whole
wheat bread. Butter the slices and
spread half with currant, crabapple
or grape jelly and sprinkle with
chopped walnuts or pecans. Cover
with plain buttered slices to make
sandwiches
Nut Sandwiches.
There is plenty of choice here Be
sides the peanut butter, which is one
of the handiest things to keep on
hand where a quick picnic lunch Is
often in demand. there may be al
monds chopped fine or run through
the coffee mill or meat chopper, salted
and moistened with a little mayon-
naise or sherry, chopped pecans mixed
with mayonnaise. or Boston brown
bread buttered and spread with fill
ing of chopped waInuts or butternuts
Mushroom Sandwich.
Mix boiled chopped mushrooms
with yolks of hard-boiled eggs,
creamed butter, a dash of lemon juice.
chopped parsley. paprika, caper and
grated cheese. Force through a sieve.
Spread on buttered toast.
Ham and Olives Sandwich.
Spread two slices of bread with
butter. Chop the ham and olives very
fine. AS soon as done put at once
between the slices of prepared bread
Evening star., 1923-07-15

Turing the war Norway furnished
q great deal OF cellulose, an ex-
tract Of wood pulp used for making
munitions. At that time an industry
sprang up in Germany based upon q
wood-wool that might be woven into
textiles of one kind or another The
paper clothing. used by the Germans.
was Of that nature. The patent for
Evening star., 1923-07-15

back an old and familiar outline to the
figure.
Crepe de chine is TO be continued
into autumn for street suits because
of its convenient weight. It does not
take to itself the long coat and it
Evening star., 1923-07-15

The choice between warm and
looking youthful Is the new dilemma
forced upon us. We choose the
least of two evils, as a rule. So let
the individual decide. 1t is we'll to
think ahead of the moment when the
choice must be made, however, so It
Evening star., 1923-07-15

buoyancv in their appearance But it
leaves the knees cold. None there
are to deny this. In winter weather,
in certain sections of our continent
IL is. imperative to be protected from
collarbone to knees. The warmest
short Jacket of fur fails to do this.
Evening star., 1923-07-15

tailored suits is their lack of belts. Many
Of the coats swing free from the shoul-
ders. Their width at the waist is so
pronounced that it accentuates the pur-
posefuI narrowness of the shoulders.
Tho addition of q narrow skirt brings
Evening star., 1923-07-15

exports are timber. lumber, wood
pulp and news print. which means the
kind of paper on which these words
are printed. The pulp is made in diff
ferent ways and some OF 1t comes
from the boards and slabs ground up
by the sawmills. Most of it is manu-
factured with chemicals and the bulk
Of the soft wood is cut for pulp max
ing. only. -
Evening star., 1923-07-15


Oats-Fe1d
Waterfalls of NorhBack White Coal Nrat
Fromth rand FRESH Fromth
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1923-06-28
Natures Alleged Attractions Spoiled
For Her By. Thunderstorms
and Birds.

asrn when we started there was
none now.
Baskets were unpacIxed as if
they contained all of Iife's bur.
dens. Somebody had spread the
crinkIy paper table cloth and nap
kins out and You couldn't tell the
picnic plates from the potato
chips, they were SO small.
BIRD PESTS APPEAR.
/ might mention here that in
that park was the freshest flock
of birds I ever met.
They were SO fat they could
hardly fly, or SO tame L don't
know which, but it seems they
just went from one picnic to an
other, and nothing short of an
unopened sardine can stalled 'em.
If they didn't like your picnic they
pecked at you!
They didn't chirp, they cussed!
just as we were about to sink
our tired teeth into the first mouth.
fuI OF good, a crack of thunder
broke the silence of our picnic
crowd. And in less time than it
takes fancy diver to leave the
spring board and hit the water.
S4AC LdAA uEOpS puHcIuAGG0 our re-
marks. They may have started
as commas, and quotations marks.
but they were soon coming down
in exclamation points, and grab
bing our baskets, bonnets, table
decorations, which were mostly
ratiOns, we made a mad dash to
the rooted enclosure nearby, which
l noticed all the local picnic spots
had, proving that even a cloud
burst stalls picnic i'm those parts
once the date has been set.
LAID UP FOR THREE WEEKS.
The birds came right along in
with us. The roof being amply
ventilated and the sides being
open, 1 saw no real reason why
the trees wouldn't have sheltered
us just as well.
1t seemed to me the crinkIy
paper tablecIoth and napkins had
shrunk considerably en- route.
and as we sat i'm more silence
eating. l noticed the paper table
cloth and paper napkins had blue.
birds on them. couldn't help
thinking that smart cracker who
once said, "birds of a feather
flock together" must have bic.
nicked a lot, because we were
sure a blue bunch of birds.
That was my first and last
picnic. 1t took me three weeks
to recover from a cold and in.
digestion.