davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1923-04-29

A CONCRETE conduit nine miles
~ long, able to carry approx
n Inately .o.ooo.0oo gallons of
water daily from Great Falls
t" the proposed new filtration plant
to he built near the District line
subterrancau waterway that will
cost about $500. 900 is now under
construction. and when completed by
New Year day, 1925, will be an i'm
proved and larger counterpart Of the
old Washington aqueduct which WAS
built during the period from 1858 TO
1868 and which subsequently has
served AS the only channel of water
supply for the City OF Presidents
v.nen the new underground pipe
'1e IS finished and harnessed for
sst.ice Tashington's daily water
supply will be doubled and the men
water tamine-a dreaded nightmare
;.;at has jeopardized well-being in
nur Capital city during the last few
ycars-will be warded off.
The old conduit. built over six dee.
as ago when the combined popu-
-" oT Washington anl George
town aggregated less than $4,000 in
iabitants. merits premier honors as
1.-THE champion aQueduct of the United
States. for it not only has withstood
The trying tests Of time. but il has
catered TO the demands Of the ever
increasing throne& cf temporary,
transient and permanent residents
thar have locked to thai little land
"f the 10! gotten ballot boz. the Dis
.t-:"t OF Columbia.
There is rot another cit. in the
'' untry rs large as the National
Capital that has been served for SO
long a period by & veteran aqueduct
Without very significant repairs. ad-
ditions, improvements and rearrange-
ments. Unreasonable. credit is ow-
ing 10 the vision and farsightedness
Evening star., 1923-04-29

daily and was to cost S1,a21,el4. 1t
was finally accepted an the most sat
isfactory proposed system and, dur
made large enough to carry an av-
,erage Of 100000 Gallons OF water
daily and a peak load of S5.000,000
gallons daily for short periods. Con-
sidering that in pre-civil war days
the London water supply amounted
TO less than 100000 gallons daily,
while those Of New YORK and Phila
delphia, respectively, aggregated 3d.
C00,0J0 and 100000 gallons, the
magnitude Of the Washington prof.
ect can be better appreciated.
The work on the aqueduct was be-
gun in 1868. but Congress was 50
penurious in assigning funds to the
project that it was not until three
years later that much continuous
work could be done. Tunnels were
cut. culverts were built, trenches
were dug and the circular, brick
waterway, nine feet in diameter, was
we'll started. In some places the
walls Of the old conduit are cut
through solid rock: while in other
sections. they are composed Of brick
and rock plaEtered inside and out
The big building puzzle which finally
arose was how to carry the water
across the gap at Cabin John. 1t was
first planned to build a sequence OF
a half dozen sixty-foot arches across
the chasn which was over 100 feet
deep. Mr.. 4. T.. Eives. assistant to
Capt. Meigs, who at that time was
employed in the construction OF the
United States Capitol Extension. final
ly suggested the building of single
span go feet long. His plan was ac-
cepted and he was detailed to direct
that particular piece of work.
This engineer built crib work
across the Cabin John creek, raising
it's waters to the level OF the Chesa-
peake and Ohio canal. A short con-
Meeting canal was then constructed
and all the materials used in building
the bridge We're hauled in by water.
Special hoists were used in elevating
the material TO points Of construction
and trio Of travelling cranes were
yoked to distribute these rocks and
boulders. Two fixed cranes were
operated by the use Of special
steam engine. All OF which goes to
show that aid OF every mechanical!
building agency then available was
recruited in the bridging Of the gap
When completed the bridge was not
intended for travel. but residents of
Evening star., 1923-04-29
Taking the Hazard Out of Washington Present Waite

government engineers has been to
provide for adequate pressure in the
remodeled water system SO that even
the highest and newest resident dis
tricts potentially Will be protected
against fire.
The national engineers expect to
let the contract Tor the construction
of the new filtration Llant which
Will lie built near the nalecarlfa
reservoir close To the District line
during the current year. The pro-
posed elariiicatton rlant will have q
capacity of 100000 0on gallons daily.
aud it will. nquestionabl.-. he of the
most modern construction and equip
meut for water purificatioil. This
new filter plant Will cost about ST.
100000. and will supply the residen-
tial districts now under development
which for the most part are located
in the sections Of higher elevation.
where pumping is necessary. The
rehabilitated Washington water sup
Fly, When finally scared fer active
service. will be about equally appor-
TONED between gravity and meclaai-
cal pumping methods of distribution
that is to say, one-half OF the supply
will flew through the old conduit. be
rutified in the extensive system ct
filter beds now IN use, ant; then will
be distributed h. gravity t" the lower
levels. T.ls ,tl.cr one -n;tlf viii surge
through the rev cJucre12 pipe ln.a
TO tie uro,,1%-d Hev filtration plant,
where !, MI he nlu'iii u al ti..u'
forced under pu11r Pressure :" the
thousands OF District hnn4es thai ara
located outside u tho naturd' zones
Of gravity TOW.
+; !. : ..
|TNIE t:te may come w-i.ea tie Dis
i trict will be equipped With a see
ondary water supply. available eI-
clusively for the lighting of fires.
sprinkling streets, washing motor
Evening star., 1923-04-29
AROUND THE CITY
BY Mamie Lancaster.

CPEAkINC cf autonobiIes-well, IF
- course. nobody was. but anyhow
The Diving Vents has stepped out
of her sphere Of high arr and is taking
JOY ride on the radiator end Of =
cara car that apparently started oU-
to be a polished olive. but changed
its color 10 more seriously inclineG
taupe. 1t was Of such splendid flaw
iessness that il might have been fes
tured in window rather than stand
ing at the curb across from the L
brary OF Congress, with the new
leaves Of a nearby tree reflected Of
its poollike surface. And at the cap
edge stood the Diving Venus, a hand
high and as shiny as new minted sill
YER. To see her with arms extended
swimmer fashion, as II 10 take a
header on the asphalt, was enough 70
make any passer-by wonder If the
driver ever got the whimsy notion
that sooner or later, she would nake
the suicidal leap. Comparisons arr
odious, but all the same:
WHY not a Winged Eictory. with
her draperies blowing TO the breeze
OF speeding wheels?
JUDGE MARY O'ToOLE is one ca
~ owner who never rides alone ex-
cept for business goings and cominss
When her honor is off the bench these
afternoons she is never happier than
when gathering load Of carless
woman friends for spin in her new
Betty Z. There is no telling how
many women in this town are in
debted to the judge for a sight of the
cherry trees in blossom, for visits to
the memorial temple, views of the
pool at every angle Of reflection, trips
to Arlington and like beauty places
and restful rides along country roads.
Familiar with every point of interest
in the vicinity and every street in
town, carefully expert at the wheel
and in warm touch with every mood
OF every companion, each trip is =
breezy adventure into such hours OF
delight that when some one-with a
car OF her own-asked the Judge II
she really got pleasure from whizzins
other people around, the answer came
1T wouldn't be pleasure if / couldn.t
share it with my friends"
To be judge, shrewd LAWYER. =
bank director and a founder OF ;,
powerful club are honors that an,
Woman-or any man-right be proud
or, but, at its very best, glory is ONLY
the toy Of time. Kindness is eternal
Which shows the wisdom OF tho
owner of Betty E.
CHE was u. 4. II. He was an 4
~ j.. +. And both were +. F. VS.
Tou could tell because she wore !.
badge. His sleeve showed service
stripes and both had accents that
combined the English of Virginia's
first cavaliers with the rich slurrins
of final letters by brown women from
Africa who Graded white children in
their arms.
Behind commandments Wis
itor from the prairie west who was
so intent upon what the two wer.
saying that when the orchestra start
ed up she said to her hostess:
IT love to listen to foreigners, don.t
YOU? They have such an funny way
of pronouncing."
The hostess must have been a rare
sort Of woman, otherwise she might
have reminded her companion tha,
she also had brought with her to
Washington "a funny way of pro
nouncing"-due to a Swedish fore
hear toned down to prairie west.
Wouldn't this be one exasperating
world to live in if we told nothing
but the truth?
Evening star., 1923-04-29

nf the government engineers who
planned, perfected and built the orig
inal Washington aqueduct They
sensed the future development and
growth OF our seat Of government
and provided an adequate water sup
ply which satisfactorily served the
Washington consumers for more than
half century after the first water
rowed through 1t from the highlands
OF the upper Potomac. Since its
completion enough water has flowed
through the old conduit to noat the
United States Navy.
:: i :: =
THE remarkable efficiency of the
L Washington water supply up to
the time of the world war becomes
even moro outstanding when one
stops to consider that whereas many
municipalities have an auxiliary river
or lake water supply for fighting
fires. sprinkling lawns and washing
streets, the District of Columbia has
depended On her filtered drinking
water, resources to serve all these
purposes. This, coupled With the
fact that our most beautiful city has
grown like Il ten-year old stripping
during the last decade. explains why
Washington latterly has been threat
ened by water famine as acute as
any that ever visited the most bar
rem sands of the Sahara.
During the droughty periods of our
as thirsty as ID camel that has not
Tad ii drink for a week or so. the tax
on the Washington water supply has
heen severe. Warnings have been is.
sued regularly by the District au-
tl.orities for consumers to save water
in every way possible-to refrain
from sprinklinG lawns and washing
automobiles during the season when
the peak output OF the conduit was
but barely sufficient TO supply the de-
uand.
Strange to tell, however, the cor
sumption Of water in the latitude of
Uncle Sans headquarters is almost
as great during the cold DAYS OF win
ter as during the heat of summer,
probably because SO many property
owners allow. their faucets to run
constantly to prevent the pipes from
treezing. There are a dozen or more
impc rtant factors which in one way
or another vitality affect the con-
sumption Of water. At first glance
lpany Of these circumstances appear
insignificant but. when measured ac-
curately and interpreted in terms of
they MAJ govern the success or fell
rrc of a municipal water supply:
contrary 10 popular opinion. the sup
ply of water in the District CT CO.
iumbia has never been so low as to
srrikinsly increase the fire hazards.
Water pressure is the -all-important
actor in the control of destructive
Th> concern OF thst
Evening star., 1923-04-29

examine the complexities and ex-
cellences of the veteran duct COM
pliment them most highly. The
Cabin John bridge since its incep-
ton has been the largest individual
ma sonry arch in the world. although
recently a. number of concrete arches
have been built which surpass it in
size and length. The water con-
duit is sixteen miles in length, ex-
tending as it does TO the filtration
beds near Soldiers Home, and cost
in the neighborhood of $4,000 O0c.
expended during construction
period of seven years.
The writer thumbed through an
sge-yellowed record. Senate docu-
Capt. NJ. c. Meigs, detailed by. the
War Department to investigate the
possibilities of developing a satis-
factory water supply for the city of
Washington, which bore the recon-
rrendation of President Fillmore.
Capt. Meigs later on had charge Of
the construction of the aqueduct. He
SGTNeu aS SeHeTdl Ol
the United States Army throughout
the civil war, during a portion of
which period the building of the
Washington aaueduct was carried
On by the Interior Department. Capt.
Meigs also is the engineering officer
who built the pension building,
which. like the old conduit. is a me-
mortal to his enterprise and initia-
tive.
THERE were three possible sources
J. of a water supply for Washing
ton. An aqueduct from Rock creek
would have cost s1.25S,S63, and pro-
vided 27,O00,O00 gallons Of water
daily, according to the official esti-
mates of 1852. An aqueduct from
the Little Falls Of the Potomac would
have cost little more and, IL pro-
yided with extra pumping equip
r,ent. would have yielded about as
much water. The Great Falls project,
indorsed by Capt Meigs, was planned
10 carry k.U15,244 gallons OF water
Evening star., 1923-04-29

the curvinS and arch like pathways
Of the aqueduct. The couplings Of
the different portions Of the forms
OF the curve. This allows for turn
ing the forms slightly as they move
along in correspondence with the
natural curve Of the temporary track \
way. Three sections Of metal forms
Evening star., 1923-04-29

metal forms. Then by us of turn
buckles. they are narrowed until in
exactly the right position. The con-
crete is then poured into place di-
rectly from tho mixing machine,
which is moved along the trench line
as work progresses. And as you watch
the concrete being deposited and
worked into proper position you
Evening star., 1923-04-29
Ginger Snaps That Snap.

Boil one pint of molasses for five
minutes. Remove from the fire and
stir in one tablespoonful of baking
soda, one cupful of lard, one table
spoonful of powdered ginger. one
tablespoonful of powdered cloves. one
teaspoonful OF powdered cinnamon.
and -four enough to make stiff bat
ter, Set away to cool. Roll out thin
and bake i'll a hot oven
Evening star., 1923-04-29

labor that. Bit by bit. carved out the
chaunelWay and raised the circular
brick walls OF the original Washing
ton aaue duct arc operated by gaso-
line and steam power and utilize all
the latest data of scientific search
and research in the solution OF :he
construction tconundrums hat arise.
At the time it was built. however,
Evening star., 1923-04-29

marvel al its extraordinary proper
ties. As il comes from the mixing
device. il looks as weak and spineless
as a f'edeling. notwithstanding. a
week q" SO later, it has developed
such astonishing power Of adhesion
the strength OF a chemical Hercules
that il requires the wrecking ability
OF the most powerful explosive to de
nojish il.
tfter the mass concrete js!d in a
Evening star., 1923-04-29

the old conduit was one If the en-
aineering feats Of the century. Even
today. after about $1,000 days of ac-
tive service. the patriarchal aqueduct
still stands the rack and rigor OF
constant wear in admirable fashion.
ii is remarkable monument-an
underground monument al tha;--:o
the skill and ability Of iis authors.
The best building experts of the err
rent times who have chance to
Evening star., 1923-04-29

that section sort Of confiscated IL a%
a roadway. In 1872 stone parapets
were erected and thereafter, the pres
ent permanent road above the water
pipeline was constructed. There are
manholes approximately every l,00n
feet from Great Falls to the filtration
plant, SO that minor breaks in the
conduit Or other repairs may be
made ST any time. There are three
waste weirs or overf'Dws in the old
conduit adapted for the discharge OF
large quantities of water in case of
sudden rise at any time in the
Potomac river. The water froly
Great Falls can be delivered fourten..
feet above the top floor OF the CaDitti
by gravity, one of the chief concerns
Of the early builders being the pcn.
vision Of a water supply that wou.G
protect our most famous America
building from holocaust or ruin.
!: = i: =
IN passing is Il worthy Of men
i tion that the water storage facil
tiles Of the District are such tha
the danger OF dire water famine
would not threaten health and 1appi-
ness in Washington tco seriousl,
unless a break in the cid conduiT
should occur between Georgetown and
the present filtration plant. AS soor,
as the new conduit is completed, even
such dan ger will be eliminated as the
two tubes Will he practically inter
changeable for repair purposes. j.
the old conduit should break between
Great Falls and the District line
there would he enough water OF
hand in Washington for three days
or the basis OF average present con
sumption. Unless the break was VERY
serious and extensive. il probabi>
could De repaired in that time. IF
big leak developed between Distric!
line and Georgetown. our storage
water would be sufficient for two day
while, if the break developed be
tween Georgetown and the filtra
tion plant. there would be onl>
enough water on hand for single
day. The chances are that no such
ems rgencies will. develop.
When the new water supply systelir
and filtration plant are completed
during the next half decade. appro,-
inlately s9,000.000 will be spent il
fortifying the national capital againsr
all potential possibilities OF water
shortage will be one
the "wettest" cities in the world. s.,
far AS possible water consumption l.
concerned.
Evening star., 1923-04-29

certain section of the aaueduct has
hardened sufficiently, the inside forms
are lowered and collapsed and hauled
to the next point of set-up while the
outside forms are raised and extend
ed and likewise moved to a new loca-
ton. The arrangement is such that
these forms can even be moved along
Evening star., 1923-04-29

both exterior and iuterior-that
cover a total distance Of 246 feet are
operated unit. The system fol
lowed is 10 lay the concrete in the
initial form first and to work from
that point toward the opposite end
OF the set-up. In this way, the con-
crese is usually hard enough 10 per-
nit OF moving the first 50 feet OF the
forms about the time the material
is being poured in the last similar
Evening star., 1923-04-29

section. Accordingly. the first section
of forms is then moved e4o feet
farther up the ditchway to the next
point of construction. Subsequently
as the concrete in the other forms
hardens they also are shifted to their
new positions This method obviates
the necessity for stopping the opera
tions at any time in order to wait for
the concrete to set Thoroughly.
i X 4 x
4 $ soon as the concrete duct in
completed portion of the aque-f
duet has hardened sufficiently. the
steam shovel is moved into position
and used to fill in along the sides and
surface of the trench. The new con-
duit is being cross CONNECTED with the
old aqueduct in three different places.
so that as the need for so doing
arises. part or all of either one of
these waterways can be shut off
temporarily for inspection and repair.
In fact. as soon as the new conduit is
completed the old conduit will be
shut OFF and retired IRON service
temporarily for complete and thor
ough repairs. Present indications are
that it will take at least several
months for this thorough renovation
of the sixty-year-old veteran aque-
duct.
The new waterways which will be
completed during the next twenty
months will be product of the most
efficient engineering methods Of the
twentieth century. In its construc-
ton every eff1ciacious expedient
known to modern methods of con-
cretemaking is being employed. 1t
will be the offspring Of mechandized
era which in every manner possible
has substituted mechanical labor for
handwork 1t will be built in con-
siderabIy less than 'one-third of the
time that was consumed in the con-
struction of the old conduit--the
progeny of arduous and extensive
toll.
The modern and more efncient sub
sututes for the slow-handed slave
Evening star., 1923-04-29
BY GEORGE III. DACA.

A CONCRETE conduit nine miles
: ~ long, able to carry approxi-
~ inately 100000 gallons of
watar daily from Great Falls
Evening star., 1923-04-29

=, - :, - > s.1>-s>.-~> - - 4
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1923-09-06
LAD RUNS AWAY
LANDS IN JAIL
Awaits Parental Forgive
ness at Police Head
quarters.
NABBED WHILE ASLEEP

Another young knight of the dusty
roads ended his tour in Kenosha late
yesterday The boy is George R.
Butler, Is years old, who halls from
Pelican Lake. George had paused for
moment in his journeying at the
Northwestern station.
One of the long wooden benches had
lure that was simply irresistible.
He obeyed the impulse and the next
he knew, he was in the custody of
Officer Robert Mitchell. On the way
to headquarters, the boy, whose re-
naming capital consisted of 20 pen
MES, blurted out his story.
Farm Life Pales.
A few days ago, after an argument
with his father, he said the farm life
began to bore him. Collecting his val
uables he left at midnight. He climb
ed out second-story window down
with two bedsheets which he had tied
together. 1t was a lot of fun hook
ing the freights as long as his money
for food held out. But now that he
was getting down to the bottom of the
pile, he had again begun to think of
the long table in the kitchen at home,
he confded to the officer.
George is making his home at DO
lice headquarters while the depart
ment is investigating.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1923-09-06

Chris E. Nelson, then whom no 9TH
err Kenosha baritone is more popular,
will don cap and ferule as member of
the Kenosha School of Music faculty,
it was announced today. Mr.. Nelson,
who is one of Kenosha's most popular
vocalists and has been a well-known
figure on local programs for years, will
open his voice at the school on Septem-
Der 8.
At the beginning of the fall term
of the Kenosha School of Music, sever
al new artists will open their studios,
some Of them taking only a limited
number of pupils. Mr.. Nelson will
be in the latter category and can ac-
cept only a few more students at the
school.
He is a pupil of Madame Aren't, a
European artist, who is now teacher
at the Sherwood School of Music of
Chicago. Madame Aren't herself is
lavish in her praise of Nelson, and is
enthusiastic over his caliber of voice
and his knowledge of music.
Nelson has recently been the object
Of quite little press comment in
neighboring cities; one paper stating
that he was zone OF the foremost bari
tones in this vicinity" He has en-
joyed a successful musical career in
the past few years. He was a soloist
with the Schuman Glee club of Chi
cago for two years and is at present
director of a successful choir at the
Park avenue M, E. church here.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1923-09-06
FIXING QUOTAS FOR
JAP RELIEF WORK
Collecting Over $5,000,000 to
Aid Stricken People.

Washington, D. C.-Fixing of chap
ter quotas throughout the country to-
day was the signal for the form al
launching of the campaign of the
American Red Cross to raise $5,000,-
Japanese earthquake zone.
Divisional quotas totalling $780,,
900, the excess above the 100000
goal being fixed to permit adjust
ments, were announced at Red Gross
headquarters last night and divisional
managers were instructed to assign
quotas for all of the $500 chapters
of the organization.
The managers of the six divisions
were urged to impress on all workers
of the organization the necessity, of
meeting the responsibility placed up
on it in President Coolidge's procla-
nation of representing in this crisis.
Red Cross here expressed hope that
the total would be quickly subscribed
and pointed out that for the quake
relief made it impracticable to at
tempt the collection of any but cash
contributions. Meanwhile the organi-
cation has placed an advance relief
fund at the disposal of American
diplomatic and consular officers in the
stricken area. Despite the continued
handicap of communication difficulties,
the state department today was press
ing its efforts to obtain information
as to Americans in the stricken zone.
Not only have lists of those of whom
relatives and friends have sought in
formation been sent to American
diplomatic and consular officers IN
Japan, but consular officers stationed
at other points in the orient have been
ordered to assist in the work of OBJ
tanning advice as to American citi-
zens and giving them any assistance
necessary.