The Birmingham age-herald., 1923-07-25
NEW TREATY BRINGS PEACE: 'TO I NEAR EAST
Turkey Makes Great Gains
 By Terms Of Pact Signed
 At Lausanne, While Many
 Problems Yet To Be Solved KEMALISTS WILL JOIN IN LEAGUE OF NATIONS All Foreign Troops Will Be Withdrawn From Constanti-
 nopIe Which Is Definitely Awarded To Angora Leaders

LAUSANNE, July 24.-(By Asso- ciated Press. )-The Lausanne peace treaty formally establishing peace between the European powers and Turkey was signed today.
 The general treaty, formally end ing the state of war. was signed by Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Rumania and Turkey.
 Jugo- -Slavia announced at the last minute her refusal to sign, on the ground that to do so would be harm full to her national interests. The treaty distributes the Ottoman debt among countries like Jugo-Slavia which acquired parts of the former Ottoman empire.
 Jugo- -Slavia maintains that she an nexed her former Turkish territory as the result of the Balkan wars and not as a consequence of the general European or Turco-Greek wars. She prefers therefore to abide by the treaties of London and Bucharest. which fixed the political status of the Balkans. She has agreed to me- gotiate directly with the European powers regarding her possible re- sponsibility in connection with the Turkish debt
 Comprises 143 Articles.
 The general treaty comprises 143
 
 political. financial. economic, com munications and general clauses.
 The commercial section stipulates the application of the Turkish tariff, inaugurated in 1916. multiplied by a CO., efficient corresponding to the de- preciation of the Turkish curreIcy.
 The great amount of work done by Near East peace conferences, of which the peace signed today is the outcome, is indicated by the number of documents 1t produced. In addi- tion to the general treaty, these in- clude the convention setting up the regime for the Turkish straits. tc which Russia and Bulgaria adhere and a separate agreement on the frontiers of Thrace, commercial ane amnesty accords and rotocole or concessions. minorities, Judicial safe guards for foreign CTS and documents by which Belgium and Portgual ad hero to certain parts of the treaty. What Turkey Gains.
 Turkey regains eastern Thrace and becomes the bridge between the east and west She joins the League of Nations in the footing of equality.
 >Constantinople goes definitely to Turkey.
 All foreign troops will be with drawn.
 The treaty makes peace between  Greece and Turkey.
 It permits the patriarch of the Greek Orthodox church to remain in Constantinople.
 It launches one of the most stu pendous and in some ways, the most cruel human movements in history by It's compulsory exchange of popu- lation. the Creeks in Turkey return ing to Greece and the Turks In Greece returning to Turkey.
 It fails to solve the Armenian problem, Armenians being obliged to find new havens.
 It reduced Turkeys size by it's recognition of detached mandated states like SyriaA Mesopotamia and Palestine.
 With one stroke of the pen 1t rids Turkey of the judicial capitulations such as China vainly sought to ac- complish for itself at Washington and which Japan achieved only after two decades of struggle
 In only one way Is Turkey treated differently from other countries: foreign legal advisers will be em- powered to receive complaints re- lating to arrests and Imprisonment of foreigners.