davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
FIRST STEPS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Frenchman Named Niepee Produced
Permanent Picture About One
Hundred Years Ago.

About hundred years ago the first
permanent photographs were secured
on a compound of sensitive bitumen
of Judea by Frenchman named
Niepce. AS early as 1902 process
by which records could be made by
the action of light was discovered by
a certain Tom Wedgwood, but no
method of fixing the print was then
known, and it was not until Niepce
came along with his process that this
was made possible. In 1929 Niepce
entered into partnership with Da-
guerre, another Frenchman. whose
name is remembered in daguerreo-
types, the earliest Photographic rec
ords that remain at the present day.
A monument was erected in France,
near Chalons, upon which an inscrip-
ton names the year IF 1872 as that
in which Niepce discovered phOt0g-
raphy."
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
Arrangements With Royal Uni
versity of Rome Designed to
Promote Friendly Relations.
TWELVE SCHOLARSHIPS OPEN
Diplomats and College professors 10
Address the Glasses This Sum-
mer-Language, History and
Culture Featured.

New York.-A series of courses Tor
Americans, to be given in Rome dur
ing the summer of 1922, has been
organized by the Associations ltalo-
Americana, in collaboration with the
academic authorities of the Royal uni
versity of Rome and under the patron
age of the American ambassador TO
Italy.
The courses are planned with a view
TO making better known in the United
States the language, history. culture
and economic conditions of Italy, so
that the mutual understanding and
friendly relations Of the two countries
may be increased and strengthened.
Instruction in the courses, which
will extend from July 10 to August
81. will be adapted to the needs OF
the American student. A large num-
ber of the courses in the literary, his
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
MANUELITO, THE GREAT CHIEF
OF THE NAVAJO

TT HAPPENED at Fort Dehance,
/ Ariz. One tissue day" crowd OF
Nayaioes gathered around the corral
looking hungrily at the steers-Dig'
rangy longhorns which would soon be
fresh beef for them. Unnoticed by
anyone a little Indian boy slipped un-
der the fence and toddled out into the
inclosure.
In an instant big steer had trotted
out from the herd and, shaking Its
long, sharp horns, advanced upon the
tiny figure, who curtously watched the
animals approach. There was mo-
ment of Mortified suspense-then tall,
straight Indian jumped from the cor
raj fence and in few flying leaps had
placed himself between the baby and
the oncoming steer. There he stood
with arms folded across his breast.
At the same instant the steer charged.
The animal came on with the force
of a locomotive. At the last second
It stopped and stood swinging its head
back and forth with the points OF the
sharp horns just missing the breast
Of the Indian. But the erect figure did
not finch. Not a muscle moved. The
steer was puzzled. Evidently deciding
| that Il was not worth while to bump
his head on something which might be
| a post, the longhorn turned and trot-
| ted back to his fellows.
As the Indian walked back to the
| corral fence with the baby on his
shoulder there was no agitation In his
| manner. For was he not Manuelito.
| war chief of the Navajo? He gained
this position in 1855 while the Navajoea
were a constant terror to the early
settlers of Arizona. Several expedi-
lions sent against them had failed, but
in 1868 Col. Kit Carson, the famous
scout, whipped them SO thoroughly
| that they never again were guilty OF
any organized hostility towards the
whites.
| After that Manuelito, the war chief
became peace chief, and in 1872 he
was appointed captain of the native
police force organized to keep order or
the reservation. Once when number
of Young bucks were planning an out
break Manuelito called them into coun
ell. Picking up handful of sand he
said, "Do you know how many grains
OF sand are in my hand? There arr
fust that many white men for you t.
fight. Now do you wish to make war;
| They did not, for Manuelito's symbo
Of the Americans strength brough
them to their senses. From then ol
until his death in 1898 he proved him
self a wise and far-seeing leader ant
his name is still reyered by the Navajo
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03

he had failed. Yes Davis fell sure
that Ed would initiate and forward
any little. scheme of deviltry to get
even.
AS they reached the theater Davis
threw back his shoulders. "Don't
worry. little girl" he whispered ten
derly. "Just leave everything to me-"
But 1t must be confessed that during
the entertainment which followed his
thoughts were too deeply centered on
the problem to get his moneys worth
out Of the program.
On the night of the wedding an un-
dercurrent of excitement was distinctly
evident at the supper table at Mrs.
Barker's. The ceremony was sched-
uled for 1880, the expressman was to
come for the trunks at seven and Doris
was to put on her going-away suit in
which shS was to be married immedi-
ately after she had for the last time
cleared the long table. In view Of the
occasion her aunt had thoughtfully ex-
cused her from further duty in the
kitchen.
Every one was prompt at the meal
that is, every one except Davis. In
fact, it was well along toward the end
of the meat pie course when the tele-
phone behind Jerry Green rang noisily
Jerry jumped to answer. Then he hung
up the receiver, doubled up in laugh.
ter, slapped his thigh and all but
choked. THAT bird Davis will be the
death of me! He's clean gone and for
gotten it's his wedding day. Says tc
expect him in about an hour or so, tt
take Doris here to the movies. He's
eating at quick lunch SOS to stop al
the library!"
There was utter silence. Then to 9
man the boarders laughed, only sober
ing slightly when they saw Doris, face
| bowed in her hands, rise and leave th'
room. Behind her fingers hid trem
ulOus smile.
Thus it was that, while the GROVE
waited for Dave and Mrs. Barker at
tended to the expressman, Dori
slipped out and met her bridegroom q
the corner. A few minutes later, in ,
quiet little parsonage uptown, pei
fectly satisfied couple said Il do" an
Il will" before only four spectators
the minister, his wife, his daughter ant
the parsonage cat.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
An Absent1ninded
Bridegroom
Bv H. LOUIS RAYBOLD
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES,

,eas. by Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate,
swell well, congratulations, old
man ~ and Jerry Green gave Davis a
SIAN on the back which caused him to
vince. even as he had an inward doubt
of the sincerity of his fellow boarder's
falicitations. "When is the happy
event to be?"
"Can't say as to that" returned
Davis, pleasantly enough. "The scan-
or the better."-
ITO be sure, to be sure. Only, mind
Won. Dave" and Jerry shook a wag-
ish finger under the others very nose,
"don't get one of your aDsenr-minded
streaks on and forget there is to be
such thing as wedding when the
joyful day comes. That would be
tough on Doris! And count on your
fellow boarders, old top. They'll be on
hand, every man of them!"
The affable Jerry left Davis at the
next corner, and the latter proceeded
more slowly, rejecting bitterly that if
he and Doris could only skip their
wedding day their marriage would be.
gin much more auspiciOusly. The very
thought of going through the solemn
ceremony with that bunch of conspira.
tors eyeing him and nudging each
other il he fumbled for the ring OF
Doris hesitated over the promise tC
obey, oh he hated it in anticipation.
nor;S hp knaw wQS of tho Same
mind as himself. But ten years hum
BILE subservience to her aggressive aunt
had induced in the girl docile acqui
escence in all things. 1t would never
have occurred to her to combat hel
relatives wishes, even in so personal {
matter as her own wedding.
Yet that night Doris, with troubled
eyes, poured out her heart to Dave al
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
Americans Plan
to Study Italy

torical and economical development OF
Italy will be in Italian, supplemented,
when necessary, by the use of Eng
lish.
Twelve Scholarships.
Twelve scholarships, to be assigned
by the universities on the basis OF
merit among the applicants, are Of
fered by the AssociaZiOne ItalO-Ameri-
cana to students in the several Ameri-
can universities. All students enrolled
for the summer courses of lectures
will be entitled to the daily use of the
Library of American Studies in Italy.
and various rooms open also in the
evening, for social gatherings and for
study, situated in the center Of the city
of Rome, not far from the university.
Here many American newspapers and
magazines will be available. Stu
dents will also be entitled to the
use of the university library. Each
student will also gain free admission,
during the period of the courses, to all
the antiquities, monuments, galleries
and museums of the Italian govern
ment and of the city Of Rome.
The offices of the Associazione Italo-
Americana in Rome, Of the Institute
of International Education, 419 West
| One hundred and seventeenth street,
this city, and of the Italy-America
society. % West Forty-third street,
will furnish on request information
| %Io
questions and make suggestions con-
cerning living conditions in Rome
hotels, boarding houses. etc.
To Promote Friendly Relations.
| The Associations Italo-Americana
was organized in Rome in 1919, under
the auspices of persons prominent in
governmental, scientific, Industrial and
financial circles, for the following pur-
poses: "To foster cordial relations be-
tween Italy and the United States by
means of courses of study, publica-
tions. lectures, etc.; to establish CO.
operation with Italian citizens living
in America and Americans living in
Italy: to increase economic relations
and to assist industrial and COM
mercial organizations of Italians and
Americans, under conditions which
shall not affect the economic inde-
pendence of the two countries"
Among the speakers in Rome this
year will be Tommaso Tittoni. presi-
dent Of the Italian senate, who visited
the United States last fall; Professor
podo,fo I.anciana. authority on an
cient Rome, and Professors Pietro
Ronfante and Carlo Formichi, both OF
the Royal University Of Rome. The
association has undertaken to arrange
for the exchange of professors. as well
as the establishment of scholarships.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03

"sweetest. lovelest things in creation"
The purpose and object of the Rep
tile Study society, as set forth in their
prospectus, is to educate everyone
everywhere about the life histories or
reptiles-snakes, crOcodlles, lizards,
turtles and tortoises, and amphibians
frogs. toads and salamanders." The
society aims to benefit mankind ana
these animals by substituting intelll-
gent consideration and kindness for
ignorant dread and atrociOus cruelty"
1t was said by members at the dinner
that the fear of snakes was not In
stinctive, as generally believed. but
was inculcated in children by scared
grOwnups.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
Famous Zoo Curator Says
Snakes Are Endowed With
Startling Intelligence.
POSSESS VERY KEEN EYESIGHT
Distinguish Sound by Their Tongues
and Scales-Sense of Taste Very
Acute-Teils of Lizard That
Walks on Water.

New York.-When next you meet
snake in the woods or fields do not,
as you leap nimbly out of reach, give
way to thoughts of loathing ana con-
tempt. Snakes are extremely usetui
members of sOciety-even the poison
Gus ones-and they are endowed win
far more intelligence than they get
credit for, according to Raymond L..
Ditmars, curator for reptiles at the
BRONX zoo.
Also. Mr.. Ditmars told 60 or 70 men
and women, members OF the Reptile
Study society, at the sixth annual
dinner Of the organization, that snakes
might even have a sixth sense, an
attribute that man cannot even gauge,
for human beings have to be content
with only five.
"There is a possibility that snakes
are far superior to any supposition re-
garding their attainments," said Mr.
Ditmars. Though their ears have
deteriorated, we know that they hear
quite well. They are sensitive to SOUND
| on their tongues and on the scales on
their bodies. Their eyesight is wonder
| fully keen, especially for moving oo'
jects. They have a marvellous sense OF
taste and Of smell.
Investigate Pit Vipers.
"Science is now investigating the
various species of pit vipers for proof
Of another snakish sense that as ye'
we know nothing about. A pit viper
you know, has a strange organ In tne
skull, a deep pit which is lined witt
microscopic nerves all joining maiI
nerve that goes straight to the brain
Science has not yet fathomed the us'
of this pit. 1t may be that snakes
are actually superior to man with
sixth sense we can't even gauge, TO
we do not have it."
The dinner at which Mr.. Ditmar
made this assertion was held at tn
Cafe Boulevard. The average person
who attended the dinner would ge
something of shock to find the guest
passing around two or three-foo
snakes In punches and longer fellow
singly, handling the reptiles as tloug
they were interesting curios or relics
While these snakes, which, of course
are all harmless, were crawling aroun
the necks and shoulders Of men an
women, a member Of the societ!
Arthur H. Gillian. brought out bat
He got wide space despite the ger
>eral craning of necks, for in that ba
were rattlers and rattlers are rattler
even to the enthusiasts of the Reptil
Study society.
AS Gillian cautiously unwound tn
cord from the bag a kissing. buZzin
sound filled the room. Nevertheless
Mr.. Rattler was left loose on the foo
forked stick pinning his neck befol
he could wriggle an inch. Then Gi
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
Reptiles Have
Sixth Sense

lam took him by the scruff Of the
neck (if snakes have scruffs) as a
child picns up kitten. The venemous
reptile held thus was passed around
for inspection.
4 "cottOn mouthed" mOccasin was
then put on display. Another snake
that received a great deal of attention,
being allowed to recline on the speak
ers table at the start Of the dinner,'
was an eight-foot boa constructor.
Boas, it was said, make great pets
and are absolutely harmless, so long
as they are not too big. Then a play
full squeeze might crush the ribs of
man or woman, as an inquisitive child
crushes a beetle.
Lizard Walks on Water.
Professor E. r. Dunn Of Smith Col
lege told of experiences with snakes in
Central America and Mexico.
"At water hole" he said 1--WE saw
a two or three-foot lizard that stood
upright when it saw us and ran to the
water. Without pausing it kept right on
running and crossed the water hole on
top of the water. l hardly expect any
of you to believe this, but it is true.
The lizard had webbed feet that carried
it over the water at top speed. OF
course. he couldn't stop or turn around
on the water, but must keep going
ahead"
Edward F. Bigelow, editor Of Guide
to Nature, described snakes as the
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
DEAD REBELS ADVERTISE U. S.
Pajamas Of Hanged Albanians Bear
Label "Gift Of American
People,"

Scutari, Albania. - "Gift Of the
American people, read labels on the
pajama-clad bodies of two notorious
insurgents which hung from a tree in
the center of this town for several
days.
The incongruity Of the labels evil
IDENTIFY did not strike the Albanian au-
thorities who carried out the execu-
tions, as all the pajamas given out to
the poor by American relief workers
are so marked, and these garments
evidently were the only ones available
In which to clothe the condemned men.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
rhi. oil Camp Pretty.

Perhaps the last place in the world
which one would expect to be pretty"
II Mexican oil camp, but United
States fuel oil company recently made
the boast that it has the prettiest oil
camp in the Tampico district, disre-
parding the rule of modern fiction
that such spots should be hard-boiled.
This nonconformist camp, at Saliva
suchi. lies in bend of the Panuco
river. in the midst of orange groves.
There are lawns and gardens around
its houses, good swimming pool,
carefully tended water gardens and
hedges of such flowers as delight the
honey-bee.-New York Evening Post
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
TRY TO STOP AIR ACCIDENTS
the executive committee of the aero
nautic organization.

the executive committee Of the aero
nautic organization.
The new engine, high speed air
plane wing, and a device which Is
being developed for obtaining data and
making tests under actual service
conditions, will be reported at the
semi-annual meeting of the advisory
committee in Washington.
No special processing of the oil en-
ployed in the new engine is required,
Doctor Ames said. The motor itself
is a modified Liberty, with pistons
made much longer to provide greater
compression. L has no valves. The
oil, very thick and gummy, is forced
through jet by compression pump,
and enters the cylinder under high
pressure.
The greatest problem involved, Doc
tor Ames said, was to make motor
| of this sort light enough for aviation.
but he regarded this as largely accom-
pushed. He added that the oil could
be used for automobiles.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03

the two walked down to the moving
pictures, their one escape from the
noisy phonograph-ridden parlor.
'.It's not the ceremony part, or even
the supper, 1 dread, Dave" she confld-
ed. "The crowd will be decent enough
then. It's af.erward. was getting
clean towels out of the closet for Aunt
Fanny as that awful Jerry Green and
Ed Barrows came down the hall. They
didn't know I was anywhere around,
but / heard Jerry say that we DIDN'T
stand a chance Of getting away TO-
gather. There are to be couple OF
fiiyyers-owned by friends Of Jerrys-
at each end Of the street and you are
TO be-well, kidnapped, and I'm to De
taken to the wrong station, and, on
Dave, it'll be just cheap horsepiay J!
Tet's chuck the whole thing, DEAR
said Davis thoughtfully; slip away
and be married by ourselves"
"rye thought Of that. Of course "
confessed Doris, "only-well, aunt
would never consent. I'm sure sne q
he mad enough to hang on to my
clothes and all. You know she isn
INV own aunt, and she's always cared
more for the boarders than TOT me-
Disanpointing them would make her
desperately angry with the two OF US.
IF we could only get my trunk away
first!'
Davis was silent for several mo-
ments. He suspected the existence OF
: state OF affairs Of which Doris was
ignorant. In the first place. ever since
hi. arrival at the boarding house some
Years ago. he had been an object OF
fnn. II not contempt. to the gay
dog" young crowd of clerks which
boosted Mrs. Barker's place as real
10 live iointI" Davis had chosen 1t be-
cause Of its low rates and its nearness
to a branch library, where SO many OF
his evenings were spent. That trait
was especially provocative OF criticism
--tbat a man would prefer mulline
ovar hooks to a good, snappy, game OF
cards or billiard party with the other
roomers. The fact that he was really
ahsent-minded at times = forgetting
meal hours or his hat or some eQuaiis
important item-had furnished furthel
opportunity for their shafts OF rl0l
cule.
Rut most vital of all. Davis sus
cacted that a very real enmity towart
him existed on the part of Ed Barrows
and that Doris was the cause. Ed
who faniced he had a way with al
ladies. had tried to philander witt
Doris, had had his passing interes'
.stayed and fiamed by her quiet indif
ference, and had seen shat absent
minded bookworm' make good wher'
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
Wireless.

Eastern radio clubs protest against
government ruling which prohibits
them from brOadcasting music, con-
certs or news. These are allowed to
be sent only by designated stations
Some wireless amateurs charge this
is the first step by corporate interests
TO obtain a monopoly Of the air.
Such monopoly, by natural processes,
will be attempted later. For the pres
ent, the ruling is wise. 1t aims to con-
fine "sending" to experts, to prevent
the cluttering incident to two messages
being received at the same time.
Primary function Of wireless still Is
saving life at sea. Wireless lines
must be kept open.-Chicago Post.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
| Ctories Of
OGREAT
INDIANS
PETALESHARO ENDS THE RITE
OF HUMAN SACRIFICE
Bv ELMO SCOTT WATSON

IN THE valley Of the Platte river
L dwelt the Skidi or Wolf Pawnees, a
tribe in the age-old confederacy OF
Chahiksachahiks, "men Of men," Their
gods were the stars, the morning star
representing the masculine element,
the evening star the feminine. Unuer
the direction of tribal priesthood the
Skidi held a series of ceremonies SYM
bolical of the creation and perpetual
ton of all living forms and culninat-
ing In the sacrifice of young girl 10
the morning star.
About 1924 captive Comanche girl
was chosen as the victim for this sac
ritice. All of the Skidi had assembled
at the altar, the priests had bound the
girl to a cross and were preparing to
begin the dreadful rites. Suddenly
young warrior sprang to his feet. 1T
Is the wish of my father that this prac-
tice be abolished" he shouted to the
priests. "You may do one OF two
| things-free this woman from the sac
| rifice or accept me In her place"
Before anyone could interfere ne
sprang to the womans side. cut the
thongs which bound her, seized her In
his arms and bore her swiftly through
the crowd to place where two feec
horses were waiting. Mounting. they
fed before the dumfounded Skidi had
recovered their wits. After riding
some distance with the woman the
Pawnee warrior stopped. Pointing to
the south he said, "The trail Is open
before you. Here Is food to supply
you on your long journey. This horse
I give you, too. He will carry you
safely back to your people" linen ne
turned to the Skidi village.
His bold deed was accepted without
protest by his people, for he was re.
talesharo (Pitaresharu - "Chlef OF
Men'), the son of Chief Old knife
netalesha) and their greatest warrior
And so impressed were the Skidi by
his act that they never again offered
human sacrifice to the morning star
Petalesharo's fame spread to the
whites and a few years later the STU
dents of a woman's seminary in WASH
.ngton. D. c., sent the Pawnee warrior
silver medal, accompanied by an ad
dress which ended with these words
Brother accept this token of our es
TEEN; always wear it for our sake, ant
when you have the power to save
Door woman from death and torture
think of this and of us and fly to he
rescue"
That medal became Petalesharo'
most priced possession and he wore
until the day of his death In the sum
mer of 1874.
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
New Aircraft Engine Eliminates
Use of Gasoline.
Use Of Heavy Fuel Oil, It Is Believed
by Experts, Will Prevent Such
Disasters as That to Army
DirioibIe Roma.

Baltimore, Md-Experiments con-
Quoted by the national advisory COM
mittee for aeronautics, under the gen.
eral direction Of DR.. Joseph S. Ames,
have developed an aircraft engine
eliminating the use of gasoline, which
Doctor Ames described as the ''funda-
mental cause" of fire accidents in the
air.
BY the use of heavy fuel oil, Doc
tor Ames said, 1t is hoped to prevent
such disasters as that to the army
dirigible Roma, In which only three
men out of forty-five escaped. Doctor
An.es Is professor of physics at Johns
Hopkins university and chairman Of
The St. Charles herald., 1922-06-03
Falls Dead ii y.
!. He Dug for

Weehawken. IN. J.-After
completing the digging Of a grave
In the cemetery here Christian
Book, forty-two years old, OF 8
River Road, North Bergen, was.
stricken with acute indigestion
and fell into the grave he had
dug for another.
AS the man toppled over the
funeral cortege bearing the body
of Mrs. Mary Bruggman. OF Jer-
sey City, had entered the gates
of the cemetery. When the
casket was about to be lowered
to the grave, the body of the
grave digger was discovered.
Book was veteran of the
Spanish-American war, ana
served as one of the late Colonel
Roosevelt's Rough Riders.