Arizona republican., 1922-04-12

| Americans, must bow also to the
prior claims of those whom we call
Mexicans-people whose forebears
were in the Southwest a century or
so before the alleged American ap-
peared.
The American occupation of Ari-
Sona in reality dates from the Civil
war. feel there should be applied
TO the men of the period, some of
them still living, the title of Mem
bers Of the Grand Army of Arizona"
It was in 1852 that General Carleton
led from Yuma to Tucson and east
ward an army composed mainly of
California miners. Incidentally,
federal force was captured at the
Pima villages, not very far from
where we are today, and there was
pitched battle on the slopes In the
Black Picacho. this side of Tucson.
in both Of which the Johnny Rebs
had the advantage.
While the Civil war, as a whole,
was far distant from Arizona, it new
this state. This influence came
mainly through the discharge, in Ari-
zona and New Mexico, of hundreds
OF the California niners-men fanil-
lar with frontier life, men who had
left the east in the hope Of finding
wealth in the Golden state and who
preferred to stay here, where the
mountains invited them and promised
them wealth. Almost casually, can
remember the names OF a number of
these California volunteers, who
thereafter lived in Arizona and who
here died, including John Y. T. Smith,
the first miller Of Phoenix and after
ward territorial treasurer; NJ. II. Cali
dn,-rxvncA wa-f7r "a ono Erfq
station; Jim Monihon, who became
mayor of Phoenix; William A. Han
cock. q surveyor who laid out this
city, and Jim Doran, who was in
charge of Fort Barrett on the Pima
reservation, who later repeatedly
served as q member of the territorial
council and who was the first super
intendent of the Pioneer Home, and
there is not an old-timer here who
cannot add as many other names to
the list. You remember that these
men were real nen-intelligent, law
abiding, patriotic, and men who in
variably took keen interest in the
betterment of the country and in the
execution of the territory's laws
From the east, about the same time,
came a large number of former Con-
federateS, their home ties disturbed
by the way, and 1t happens that the
Jack Swilling, the man credited with
making the first settlement OF the
Salt River valley. had been 8 heuten-
ant OF the very troop of Texas Ran
gers that, in 1852, had raided South
ern Arizona.
The identity Of Arizona was estab-
lished in these same Civil war days.
The very formation of the territory
was due to Civil war conditions, as
RiAhfw~a ~ ehA firGf aanitaI
at Prescott, in the middle of an
Apache ridden wilderness, that had
been penetrated only by the Weaver
and Walker prospecting parties that
found gold in the sands of Lynx and
Granite creeks, on the Hassapampa
and on the top of Rich hill. l am
told that when Fort Mohave was re-
established by the California column.
the Indians soon were pacified and
the soldiers were allowed to prospect
through the hills to the eastward.
Thus it happened that the Califor-
mans soon established San Francisco |
and Sacramento mining districts, |
first locating, nearly so years ago,
ing worked Ia the wonderful Oatnlan |
district.
There was still another source of !
Arizona development that came from |
the North, from Utah, across the Col !
orado, by the Crossing OF the Fathers, |
Lees Ferry or Pearce'g Ferry, of |
which the ferryman was James |
Pearce. who was an attendant OF this |
celebration last year and who has |
died since that time. ] believe that
in this gathering, the Oldest Arizo-
nian, in point of first arrival, is AM
mon M. Tenney, who came with the
A. RTaw NHNT eV1 3
sent to visit the Hopi, who were said
was in 1858. On the trails laid out,
thereafter, came many Mormon en-
igrant train. until the valleys of Apa-
che and Navajo counties were filled |
with small farms. which spread to
the southwark, to the establishment |
of rich settlements on the Salt, Gila |
and San Pedro rivers. This was real |
for the settlers not only |
raised their own food, but provided |
food for others.
The primary qualification for ad- |
to this society is residence |
for at least IS years in Arizona. This |
defines an old timer as someone who |
came in or was born before the year |
1887. That year, though your COM
mittee possibly did not appreciate |
the fact, was a very notable one, in |
that 1t marked q new Arizona era, in |
which the wild Indian no longer need |
be considered as a factor. 1t was |
in 1886 that the Geronimo band was |
captured by General Miles. down in |
Sonora, and shipped from Bowie sta !
tion to Florida. Before that time, |
life and property were not safe in |
the southeastern quarter of Arizona. |
Thousands of lives had been sacri- |
feed in the apparently neyer-ending |
war that rarely came to open blows. |
but one in which death lurked behind |
every boulder or bush of any lonely |
trail. The immigrant road through |
Apache Pass was marked by the lit |
tie cross that had ben raised above
the shallow graves of the slain. At |
times a quarter OF the military force
of the nation had had to be MAIN
tanned in Arizona. Military posts
were in every part of the territory.
The spread OF mining was prevented
and the roads were unsafe and no
farmer could be secure in his occu-
pancy Of any of the rich southern
valleys.
The terror of savagery removed,
Arizona thenceforth leaped ahead in
prosperity. population and develop
ment. This especially was true of
mining. Capital was secured for the |
development of mines that today |
have established Arizona as the
greatest copper producing section of
the world. There has been storage |
and diversion of water at several |
points, to the end that national gram
aries have been established, worth
far more to the nation than even to
the communities benefited. Every
trail and every road is safe to the
wayfarer and the tourist has come
to know that from the Grand Canyon
to the Mexican border, Arizona pre-