davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-02-12

fleet that commands the air" will win
in the next sea battle, other conditions
being approximately the same. There are
many officers and students of naval
science who go much further and claim
that an inferior surface feet, supplied with
a greatly superior air force, will defeat
If not destroy fleet stronger in battle
ships but weaker in bombing and torpedo
planes. In other words, il is asserted that
sea power in the future will be dependent
upon air power-the latter will dominate.
But, even admitting that the conserva-
tives are right in their contention that the
battleship remains the backbone of the
fleet" IL is manifest that any fleet, how
ever powerful, should seek to carry with It
into the next sea fight as strong an air
force as possible in order to clinch the
victory. Winning the preliminary air bat
tie will greatly increase the chances of
ultimate success.
The Washington Conference has placed
a limit upon the total tonnage of airplane
carriers in various navies but 1t has not
limited the number of airplanes that any
country may possess. Nor has it forbid
den the use Of the airplane as a part of
the offensive battery of naval vessels other
than carriers.
Planes are needed for scouting purposes
The New York herald., 1922-02-12

the 4,O0O-pound bomb has ever been util-
lied in the great guns, torpedoes or depth
charges of the past. One such bomb will
destroy any ship If it lands on deck or
strikes the water within distance of
thirty feet This is conservative state
ment. In fact, the report of the Joint
Army and Navy Board on the bombing
tests declared that modern bombs could
sink any ship that ingenuity could design.
About ten years ago, Captain Washing
ton Irving Chambers, United States Navy,
then in charge of naval aviation, outlined
a design for a catapult to project an air
plane from the deck of a ship. The inven-
tion was success in the main and il was
installed for trial on board ship. But
in those days the Navy Department gave
scant attention to aviation, notwithstand-
ing the constant and persistent attempts of
Admiral Fiske to develop this important
branch. The war followed and the catapult
was virtually forgotten or discarded.
The recent establishment of a Bureau
of Aviation, under the direction of Rear
Admiral William A. Moffett has given
aviation a boom at the Navy Department
Energy has replaced Indifference and
among other things the new bureau has
perfected the catapult This device pro-
vides the means by which the airplane
The New York herald., 1922-02-12
No Limit on Air Craft.
Under Conference Terms

The conference quickly agreed upon a
scrapping carnival as to battleships, but
IL placed no limitation upon air naviga-
tion, nor upon the future development of
the airplane. Commercial considerations
forbade such action and the same reasons
will inevitably dictate the world policies
of the future.
We may, and We should by all means
borbid the bombing of cities and non-com-
batants or other inhuman practices in war;
But such measures will not and cannot
prevent the effective employment of air
forces against fleets and forts. 1t must
always be kept in mind that air forces
alone may suffice to protect the weak ma
tions of the world from invasion or aggres-
sion from overseas.
No nation, however powerful. will dare
to send fleet or an army across the ocean
to attack a country which can rally a
strong air force to its defence! The
defender, commanding the air, can defy
an armada. 1t is amazing, to say the
least, that this fact-and it is fact
has escaped the notice of many dis
tinguished writer's and naval experts. But
they cannot long ignore it. The officers
of our army and navy must face the truth
and tackle this modern situation. The
safety of the nation is at stake
Conservatism in the army and navy has
always worked to greatly delay the recog-
milton and adoption of new weapons in
land and sea warfare. Within reason this
resistance to innovations that are not fully
and practically developed and the refusal
The New York herald., 1922-02-12
Scrapped Our BattleshipS-
NOw We Must Find the
Way to Fight Without
Then1"- "-Napal Expert
Points the Way for America
to Dominate the World

may be mounted and utilized on board
ship as an important element in sea
fight, combining as it does the functions
of long distance scout and long range
gun of unrivaled power.
From the accompanying plate the lay
reader will see that this catapult Is a
very simple affair. 1t turns on central
table, so that it may be pointed toward
the prevailing wind. In this position the
plane is projected from the 50-foot runway
by compressed air and starts in its flight
without any change of course by the ship
upon which it is mounted.
1t has long been admitted, even by the
ultra-conservative naval officers, that the
The New York herald., 1922-02-12
The AirpIane in Battle
And Place in Next War

The airplane as weapon of war is no
longer in the experimental stage of de-
velopment. 1t has stood a crucial test
Its offensive power has been clearly dem
onstrated. The bombing experiments by
night and by day leave no doubt as to the
appalling possibilities of air power.
The existence of great fleets and forts
undefended as they are against attack from
the skies, is menaced to such degree as to
force upon us a complete revision of the
governing principles of sea power and coast
defence. There is no escape from this con
clusion.
The accompanying plates will illustrate
the wide range of the airplane as an often
sive weapon. No gun can rival 1t. No gun
ever has or ever can use, effectively, such
a variety of powerful explosive agencies, or
project them to such distance. In addi-
tion to the torpedo and the bombs, large
and small the airplane can also transport
and lay mines around a fleet at sea. In
other words, the airplane can attack the
ship from the two directions in which 1t
is virtually unprotected-from above and
from below!
Nothing equal in destructive effect to
The New York herald., 1922-02-12

with the fleet, and
for controlling the
fire of big guns at
long ranges. These
are most important
functions w h / C h
may decide the is
sue of the u n
battle between two
fleets in the event
that the result of
the contest in the
The New York herald., 1922-02-12
BY Rear Admiral w. r. FULLAM,


u. s. Navy (Retired).
THE DEGREES Of the Washington Con-
ference will inevitably force avia-
tion to the front as an agency in
war. In scrapping sixty-eight capital
ships in the three great navies Of the world
and In halting the construction Of bat
tleships for q period of ten years. We
may expect that the energies Of our naval
officers, which have been almost COM
pletely centered upon battleships to the
exclusion of other weapons, will be in
great measure set free.
In other words, the conference will mod
ernize naval minds. 1t will enlighten our
naval policy. It will save countless
millions which would otherwise have been
devoted to building more battleships-a
type which appears to be ultimately
doomed, by reason of its vulnerability to
air and submarine attack. And it must
be plain that foreign navles and foreign
naval officers will be similarly affected. We
may expect to see an immediate and power
full movement looking to the development
of air power the world over. new race
will begin. War has not been and cannot
be abolished
All nations will seek to anticipate the
future Self-preservation demands pre-
paredness. No nation can pin its faith to
pacifistic dreams. We may postpone war.
The sentiment of the great nations of the
world just now revolts at the thought of
war. But who can read the discussions at
Washington and fail to note that national
jealousy still exists? The Allies that fought
shoulder to shoulder against Germany are
not permanently bound together by piety,
love and unseishnessl
The New York herald., 1922-02-12
The Night Attack by Air
Dread of All NAVY Men

1t is in the immediate and perfectly prac-
tical possibilities of the night attack by
air forces that fleets and forts may find
their existence most seriously jeopardized
This Is the one problem of supreme i'm
portance. Night flying will unquestionably
be perfected and under cover of darkness
the full offensive power of air forces will
be brought into play.
The attacking planes may neither be
seen nor heard, either previous to or dur.
ing the attack.
This fact was demonstrated in the night
bombing Of the Alabama. Will some "ex-
pert" or layman tell us how a feet or
fort can protect itself against a night at
tack by planes using torpedoes, mines or
1000 pound bombs? Is it not probable that
the planes. unseen and unheard will sud-
denly swoop down SO near to the fort or to
the ships masts that they will deliver their
fire with certainty of hitting?
These questions must be answered. They
cannot longer be evaded. Up to the pres
ent time, however IL would seem that they
have not been seriously discussed or even
considered in shaping the naval and coast
defense policies Of the great maritime
Powers.
Distinguished writer's during the Wash
ington conference and many army and
navy experts as well have dwelt at length
upon the probability of again sending large
armies overseas In helpless transports in
the face of a rain of bombs! And faith
was placed in Notifications that can easily
be blown off the surface of the earth by
an enemy that commands the air.
Wien may we expect that the weapons
The New York herald., 1922-02-12

equipped with catapults, in
order that the total air force
of the fleet in battle may be
increased to the limit.
1t is not at all improbable
that every submarine may carry
one or more planes disassem-
bled and slowed, part on
deck and part below, In a con-
dition to be assembled and used
for offensive attack under
favorable conditions. T h e
writer has pointed out that
an enemy of the United States
wOuld seek to block the
The New York herald., 1922-02-12

air should be inconclusive.
1t must be plain, therefore, that all ships
in the Navy-battleships cruisers, de-
stroyers and small craft-should be
The New York herald., 1922-02-12

Panama Canal as the first blow at the be-
ginning of hostilities.
Even a layman will realize that the
blocking of the canal would place the
United States at serious disadvantage,
especially If our battle fleet should be
divided, as 1t is to-day. And is it not
reasonable to suppose that our future
enemy would anticipate and make all pos
sible plans to quickly destroy the canal
locks and thus prevent the mobilization of
)ur fleet?
The long range submarine, carrying one
or more bombing planes, would provide
the surest means of a successful attack on
the canal. At the first alarm of war such
craft could be secretly ordered to the
vicinity of Panama to await the declara-
tion of war or to strike when instructed by
radio to do so. Such an attack would be
made at night. Imagine the effect of drop
ping few heavy bombs on the locks of
the canal The attack would be made
daringly and without warning.
What would be the defence? 1t is virtu.
ally impossible to see or hear a plane at
night until 1t reaches the goal and the air
pilot would unquestionably fly so low in
such case that he could not miss the
target!
Aside from the use by submarines of
bombing planes in offensive attack, they
may usefully employ one or more small
scouting planes to discover enemy vessels.
The submarine lies low in the water and
its range of vision at sea is limited for this
reason. In pleasant weather, therefore,
small messenger or scouting plane would
be of great service to a submarine. 1t is i'm.
portant to prepare for such contingencies
in modern naval warfare.
The New York herald., 1922-02-12
farming About Blindness
In Considering Conservatism

In granting the virtues of conservatism,
however we must not justify blindness of
conception. We must not put obstinacy
upon pedestal. Military minds must be
open to conviction. Army and naval Off
GERS must be quick to recognize dem
onstrated fact. They must not sit back
and say that what is and has been must
always be. 1t is their duty to keep the
army and navy of their country up-to-date
in all things. They must be ahead, not
behind. They must lead, not follow. Pre-
paredness for war demands intelligent
anticipation of the future, and the prompt
adoption of modern weapons, modern
methods and modern organization. other
wise the enemy may win the first battle.
And the issue of the first battle may spell
the winning of the war.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
His klandicaps.

"Well, no reckon not replied Gap
Johnson of Rumpus Ridge, to the APP
peal of the able editor of the Tlm-
iiEyiie Torch of Liberty. Tin taking
II paper now that one of my kin over
in Oklahoiny sends me, and its durn
nigh working Inc to death. What with
being puny now and ag'in, getting
down In the back every once in a
while, snd having more or less work
to do, l KANT keep ketched up with
my reuding no way l can fix IT. As
It's, l INST sorter pile up the papers
as they come, and read from the bot
tom of the stack rs get time But at
that, I'm just to the middle of last
March, and the outlook !ain't special
~ promising for my ever arriving up
even.'-kansas City Star.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09

'There's no fool like an old fool"
of course. A week or two ago one of
our members of tie Leg-in-tt e-Grave
club got caught in bridge fight tint
lasted unti! th4 small hours. He was
not much concerned about 1t since his
good wife, once parked for the night,
sleeps CO through, or, at least, has the
grace no, to ask when he got in. low
ever, merely as matter Of habit, he
turned the key softly ana was siirTing
quietly to his room, when the childish
voice of his small granddaughter piped
up through ths open door of her bed
room:
"Granddaddy Where did you get
job ms. night ?"-Indlanap
| oils Star.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
In Indigestion and
Dyspepsia
Overcome

Victims Of stomach trouble, indiges-
ton, dyspepsia and their allied COM
plants find Tanlac an ever-ready
source Of relief and comfort. Thou
sands of people have rebound the joys
of health by it's use after everything
else they tried had failed.
"ranlac helped me wonderfully"
said Mrs. W. H. Hooker, 81 Rose Ave-.
Clifton Forge. Va. "For over q year
I suffered tortures from indigestion,
and had to live on the simplest foods.
I became almost nervous wreck.
Tanlac restored me to the best OF
health"
Tanlac helps the stomach digest
the food properly and eliminate waste
Soon the whole system is built up, the
blood is purified and the entire body
takes on new tone, vitality and en-
ergy. Get bottle today and start or
the road to health. For sale by al
good ts.-Advertisement.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
y@2Eig9aal1
@a9da6kRnaauf >!
TO FIGHT GOOD ROADS FOES
National Campaigns Launched Against
Ancient Enemies Of Motor World
MANY Sign Up.

officials of the newly organized Ma
tional Motorists association declared
war on a number of ancient enemies
OF the motor world following an or
ganization meeting at Chicago. They
launched national campaigns against
political interference with highway
building programs, overloaded trucks
which are breaking up paved roads,
and on increasing motor tax levies,
and declared that the campaigns will
be carried out consistently in every
section Of the country.
Their attention was called to the
damage done by Illegally loaded
trucks to roads about Chicago by Sen.
ator H. e. Kessinger, who predicted
that the new organization will become
the champion of 50,000,000 people II
its program for improved motor con.
ditions is carried out.
E. E. Ertsman of the Illinois associ
auon and Fred III. Galley of the Ohio
State association were named secre-
taries of the new national body and
delegated to open national headquar
ters shortly in Washington, ID. G
An immediate survey has been ordered
to determine why gasoline prices
should continue at their present peak
A number of the $50 delegates sent
to the initial Chicago convention were
empowered by their local clubs to ap
| ply for immediate membership in thu
| new national body.
The first to formally sign up wa
| the Ohio State Automobile association
with membership of G0,0OO. The Ill
inois State Automobile association, in
cluding 10000 members outside of Chi
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
NEW IDEA IN ROAD BUILDING
Cement Mixed With Certain Types of
Soil to Alter Characteristics
Being Tried.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricuiture.)
Mixing cement with certain types Of
soil to alter the characteristics of the
soils and make them more suitable for
road surfacing and subgrades is an ex-
pertinent recently conducted by the
bureau of public roads, United States
Department of Agriculture, which is
now proving its value in actual use.
The treatment was first suggested and
tried out at the Arlington expert
mental station of the bureau. Results
warranted field test. and it was ar
ranged with the California state high
way department to try it on the adobe
soil there.
A part of the federal-aid project in
Solano county was selected for the
test. The dry soil was well broken up
and narrowed to Il depth varying from
6 to 70 inches and mixed with cement
in the proportions of l part cement
to 10 parts soil and | part cement to
20 parts soil. 1t was intended to
water and roll the surface but rain
prevented. One section was allowed
to remain untreated for purposes of
comparison
A recent inspection showed that the
untreated section was badly broken
up, due to the usual shrinkage cracks
characteristic of adobe soils. The
treatment is not intended to make a
hard surface like concrete, but to alter
the properties of the soil so that it
will be stable and lessen the effects of
| moisture.
California plans to conduct addition
al experiments, which will be OBJ
served in detail by the bureau and
cost data obtained.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
PROPER CARE OF
MOTOR BATTERY
Corroded Terminals Are Fre-
quently Source Of Trouble,
( Says Prof. Brokaw.
FLOW OF CURRENT RETARDED
After Corrosion Has Formed Best way
to Get Rid Of It Is to Scrape ths
Terminals Until There 10
Bright Lead Finish.

Corroded terminals are the chief
source of battery trouble, according
to Fl. Clifford Brokaw, technical dlrec-
tor of the West Side Y. M. G. A. Auto
mobile schools He explains that
occasionally the self-starter will not
work while the lights, horn and igni
tion operate smoothly.
"This condition may be traced" he
adds, ITO corroded or poorly fitting
battery terminals which will only al
low sufficient amount of current to
pass to operate the lights and horn.
AS the starting motor takes a larger
amount of current, the resistance may
be great enough to prevent 1t from
operating.
To Remove corrosion.
"Corrosion is formed by the action
of the electrolyte or acid In the bat
terry. After it has formed, the most
satisfactory way to get rid of 1t is to
scrape the terminals until there Is
bright lead finish. Washing the ter
minals with ammonia or some other
alkaline solution will neutralize any
acid that may be present and prevent
corrosion. When such washing Is
done. care should be taken that none
of this solution gets into the battery
After the terminals have been
scraped and the parts assembled, care
should be taken to see that the ter
minaIs make contact for the full area
of their surface. A Arm and full con-
tact Is required to supply the amount
of current for the starting motor.
| Some motorists coat the terminals
with yaseline or other grease to pre-
vent the acid from coming In contact
| with the joint.
| Liahts Burn Out Entirely.
"If the corrosion becomes too great,
or II the contact from any other rea-
son becomes poor, the lights are apt
to fare up to excessive brightness, and
II the contact Is so poor that no cur
rent can pass or If the wire should
| become disconnected from the bat
tery. the lights will burn out entirely
in most systems. This Is because the
generator which charges the battery
is designed to deliver sufficient cur
rent to charge the battery at low
speed, and when the engine Is speed
ed up 1t will deliver more than is nee
essary. The system OF regulating
the voltage in most cases is such tina
the battery plays an important par
In keeping the voltage from rising T.
a point where it will burn out th'
lights and damage other parts.
Usually about the only attention
battery requires is to keep the plate
covered with an electrolyte by addinl
distilled water. Water containing
minerals might damage the battery o
at least interfere with Its proper &C
tion."
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
LESSON IN GENTLE BRAKlNG
No Quicker or Certain Way OF Sending
Tire to Junkman Than to Stop
With Jerk.

Apply the brakes considerably and
the car will soon show Its gratitude,
because gentle brake application re-
duces the strain on tires, wheels,
springs and other parts. If the
brakes are applied with full force at
least one, If not both rear wheels are
likely, to lock, and in sliding along the
ground a noticeable amount Of rubber
is scraped from the tire at the point
where it contacts with the ground.
There Is no quicker nor more certain
way of sending tires quickly to rub
bish heap or the junkman. Harsh
brake application wears the brake lin
ing unduly and pulls and racks the
whole car. Much greater economy will
be obtained and much less trouble will
be experienced If the brakes are used
as sparingly as possible.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
How Sherlock Could Tell.

Sherlock and the faithful Watson
were strollng down Picca1illy.
"Thrre's woman in very short
skirts lust behind rs, my dear doctor"
murlnlred the great detective.
"Maryelous ~ cnthused Watson,
after he had corroborated the state
ment by n glance lbehird. "How in
the world did you ever know without
turning your headr
purely elementary, dear old fellow.
I merely observed the faces of the
people WHO are walking toward U.S.
American Legion Weekly.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09

don't even have a backache every month.
/ cannot pr ise your Vegetable Com
pound enough and highly recommend it
to those who have troubles like mine. /
am willing for these facts to be used as
a testimonial to lead all who suffer with
female troubles, as l did, to the right
road to health. Mrs. LULA VANN, Box
43, Fulton, Arkansas.
Its this sort of praise of Lydia E. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound, given by
word of mouth and by letter, one woman
to another, that should cause you to con-
slider taking this well-knownmedicine, if
you are troubled with such symptoms as
painful periods, weak, nervous feelings,
miserable pains in your back, and can
not work at certain times.
Here is woman who is SO grateful
and glad to be relieved from painful
and nerve racking ply sical condition
that she wishes to tell Ill sick women.
Middletown transcript., 1922-09-09
AUTOMOBILE
MnHUN1ISMA

Children and dogs are not response
BILE for their actions on highways.
Flake graphite mixed with ordinary
lubricating oil to the consistency or
butter is labor-sayer, rust prevent
i've and an enemy of sQueaks on mo-
torcar.
The carburetor should be- adjusted
for summer driving so that the mix.
ture will be leaner than in cold wealth
er. Only an expert, however, should
look after this.
In summer the radiator has to be
filed oftener than in other seasons be-
cause water evaporates more quickly
in hot weather. At intervals 1t should
be flushed out.
Throw out the clutA before going
over bump In the road. The car then
merely coasts over the mound. the
shock is reduced, and the occupants
are prevented from hitting the ceiling
of the car.
Knocking In an engine is most com
monty caused by loose bearings, carbon
in cylinders, causing pre-ignition, and
knocking at high spark. opening the
throttle too quickly or driving Will
shark too far advanced.
Never leave your car unprotected on
the street. Secure serviceable lock
and always take time to use 1t, nc
matter how short time you are leay'
ing the machine.
During the hot weather, 1t is ad
visable to inspect thesfan belt occas
ionally, for If 1t Is loose the engine
! will heat.
/ Stop, look and listen before attempt
ing to cross railroad track. More
than 10000 persons were killed al
grade crossings last rear.