davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pueblo chieftain., 1922-02-09

hour was ~ miles The highest for
February was on the 10th in 1890. when
n record of SO miles per hour was
reached
The Pueblo street cleaning depart
ment sprinkled the streets OF the busi-
ness district about one o'clock yester-
day afternoon which gave persons on
the streets some relief from the ter
rific dust The wind slowed down
shortly after being but a 10 to 26 mile
breeze interspersed with sudden fierce
gusts or fIurries for time
a number of large globes of the
cluster lights on the electric light posts
of the city were blown to the streets
during the wind storm
Pueblo chieftain., 1922-02-09
THE PUEBLO CHIEFTAI
Insanity Hearings

Dates have been set on the 18th and
18th of this month for insanity hear
ings of four more ex-soldiers of the
World War
This makes eleven live cases now
on hand In the county court.
Seven of these however. are from
other counties, but on account OF the
fact that they are committed to insti-
tutions here, their cases pass thru the
local court, and a local conservator
or their estates must be appointed
Checks for compensation come for
these men. and some of them have to
their credit a considerable sum al
ready. j. ID, King, public admins
TRAITOR, Is appointed by the government
as conservator of such estates.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Famous Explorer Sees Frozen Northland Z
as Home of Cities Within Next 100 Years

l invariably contract colds and lose
the clearheadedness and the fine sense
OF good health and well being that is
with me during every hour Of my so
journ in Arctic regions. The Arctic
summer, starting the beginning Of July
and extending TO the middle OF August.
is in .ay opinion the most delightful
of seesonS Birds sing insects whirr
and flowers bloom, and the caribou
come down to Craze on grass which is
harder and greener than grass in any
other part OF the world. 1t is the es-
sence of all beautiful seasons COM
pressed into one enchanting month, for
in 1t there Is something OF the virtu es
OF all OF them; the warmth and rela x
alton OF summer; the coolness and
freshness of spring; the clearness and
sparkle of fall.
Although there is plenty of vegeta-
tion, such as reindeer moss. nothing
really edible grows. It Is much too
cold to foster the growth of any vege-
table or edible shrub, save only rhu-
barb, one of the hardest of plants,
which grows prosperously in such a
rigorous climate as that or West
Greenland. For food we have fish and
meat made into dishes which could
grace the most eclectic of civilizations
menus. Sea gull's eggs l have found
TO be as tasty and fully as nutritive
as hens eggs. Meat from the rein
deer and caribou make excellent eat
ing. and in many ways exceed the
meats consumed in temperate climes
in flavor and piquancy. Then there
are such It'd bits as reindeer marrow
and reindeer tongues. The latter are
shipped regularly from northern Scan
dinavia into central Europe. where it is
consumed avidly and looked upon by
epicures as a delicacy OF the first
order.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26

at an early age the future leaders"
from the masses is unfortunately not
based upon the facts that the tests
have revealed, but rather upon the
assumptions that the psychologist has
made in the process of developing his
tests. What the tests actually meas
ure is the learning ability" of the in
dividual at the time he is. tested.
While 1t Is acquired ability that Is
actually measured, the psychologist
assumes that back of this acquired
ability is an inborn something that he
calls native mentality" or general
intelligence" No one knows what this
native mentality" actually is. 1t may
represent the "tone" of the central
nervous system, the readiness" OF
the nerve elements to form connec-
tions. 1t may depend upon the glands
that are now believed to supply nerve
"stimulants." Whatever it may turn
out to be or to represent. however,
the group OF psychologists whose writ
ings are now having the widest infiu-
ence maintain that it cannot be essen
TALLY increased by any form of disci-
pline or training. Ability to learn"
according to these writers, apparently
grows in accordance with the same
laws that govern physical growth; If
properly exercised it increases in
power or grasp" up to a certain
point, just as weight and stature in
crease up to a certain point. Then 1t
stops growing, and whatever learn
ing ability" a person may have at
that time he must get along with
for the rest of his life. BY the age of
12, these authorities say, the ultimate
amount of this ability that any indi-
vidual will possess can be safely"
predicted through application Of the
tests that are now available; hence by
the time that most children reach the
fifth or sixth grade 1t is now pro-
nounced safe" to classify them as
predestined leaders" or predestined
followers"
This conclusion is obviously a long
leap from the actual facts with. which
the process Of reasoning started; and
in view of the decidedly misty charac-
ter of the intervening steps and as
sumptions il would seem to be the
part of misdom" to await a little
more light, especially when one is in
formerd that not all competent psy-
biologists are in agreement with this
theory OF the "constancy" of the intel
ligence quotient, while some, indeed,
have presented evidence which seems
to indicate wide individual variations
in learning ability from year TO year
and even from day to day.
.. A most puzzling factor that COM
plicates any effort to formulate extern
sive policies for education on the basis
OF the intelligence tests is the contri-
button that education, experience and
training have made to this something
called native mentality before 1t is
measured. Most OF TIE tests. for ex-
ample, demand knowledge Of read
ing; some require facility in arith-
metic. If tests of this sort are given
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
The Common Man" in Saddle,
Will Stay There

The third and final count against
the proposal TO select the bright chill
dren for special privileges at the ex-
pense of the average child is even
more fundamental. Democracy is no
longer a pretty theory about which
we may prattle irresponsibly. 1t is
the common man" who is now "in
the saddle"-and he will stay there.
Forces of social evolution operating
over a period of seven thousand years
have gradually but surely brought
him into a position Of supreme col
lective control. That control will not
be relinquished. 1t has already cost
too much. The latest installment on
the price has just been paid in the
bloodiest war Of all history.
What was once theory has become
a stupendous fact-and it is this fact
and not another theory that education
must face. To put back of the COM
mon man all of the power that knowl-
edge and training can give him Is the
task of the school in the New World
order. That he will not he so quick
to learn as are few of his more
gifted fellows is not a valid reason
for lying down on the job" Leaders
the common man will have. but they
will be leaders of his own choice. and
that choice must be made lntelligently.
The programs of these leaders are
now and will be in increasing measure
subject to his revision or rejection. He
must be competent to see their mean
ing. If the future Of civilization de-
pends upon any one thing it depends
upon the trained and informed in
telligence of the great masses of the
people: it depends upon the possibility
OF lifting the common man through
education not to new levels of in
dustrial efficiency but to new levels
OF thinking and feeling.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26

year will be devoted to the writing OF
long paper and to a general review
preparatory to an extensive examina-
tion covering the whole field of study
Of the last two years.
The plan, as briefly outlined above,
shows two marked differences from the
'preceptorial' or ''tutorial" systems Of
Harvard and Princeton. on the one
hand. and from the Honor Schools"
of the English universities on the
other. Unlike the ''tutorial system"
1t is restricted TO a small group OF
picked students, thus avoiding" as
President Nelson phrases it, ''the dam
ger of bankruptcy which Is apt to ac-
company the application OF costly
methods to the whole body OF stu
dents, and enabling us to test the new
method with students who have proved
their seriousness and ability" I'm
doubtedly IL college could afford to
apply the tutorial system to the whole
undergraduate body a great benefit
would result: Harvard has found that
the scheme, introduced first in the de-
partment of history. government and
economies, was so valuable that an cx-
tension has been made, and the gen
eral examination system" was applied
to the entire college. beginning with
the class of l922. This means" writes
Mr.. Frederick l.. Allen, secretary to
the corporation, that there will be
tutors in most. II not all. departments.
What is going on here lat Harvard
is a gradual change in the methods Of
instruction designed to bring the fa-
Guilty and students closer together, to
shift the emphasis from the lecture to
the conference. from the test of mem
ory to the test of thought"
The plan differs from the English
Honor Schools" in its requiring that
the FIRST two years hc devoted 10 a
wide range Of prescribed subjects.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
To Class One-HaIf of Adults
As Morons Would Be Tragic

tragic example of the failure to
recognize this difference between
merely using the tests to pick quick
learners In the army and drawing
sweeping conclusions regarding the
native mentality of those tested is to
be found in Mrs. Cannon's Atlantic
article. The army tests showed that
nearly one-half of the enlisted men
ranged between the mental ages" OF
. and 10. So low a mental age in
adults has been recognized as in
dicative of moronity. Mrs. Cannon
consequently infers that nearly one
half of the adult population of the
United States may be classed as
morons. OF course, If one-half of our
people are to be classed as morons the
meaning of the term moron" must
be revised; but this is not the i'm
portant point What the army tests
actually and directly measured was
not native mentality, but acquired
mentality. Half of the soldiers had had
sixth grade education or less, and half
Of the population have been similarly
limited in their schooling This is the
obvious reason for their apparently
low mental ages" II the good people
Of our country are concerned over
the apparent '1ow mentality" of half
of their number they may well look
to the schools--and especially to some
100000 teachers out OF the zoe, 900
who are immature, unframed and
transient in the service. Even the So
called Beta tests'--the army tests
eriuap 70
some have supposed unaffected by
educative influences. No one, indeed,
has yet devised a test that is not
affected and probably affected pro-
foundly, by the varying conditions Of
home life. school life and the general
stimulation or lack of stimulation af-
forded by the environment.
3. The proposal to separate the
sheep" from the goats at the tender
age OF IL is seen, therefore. to rest
upon the assumption of a certain
something called native mentality"
or native learning ability which has
never been isolated except BY a proc
ess OF abstraction based upon another
assumption even more questionable.
That there is a certain germ of truth
IN DOlH OL lHeSe uSSuulpllOHS IL WOulu
be folly to deny, but the truth is still
very far below the surface. Common
sense tells US that there are bright
children and dull children. that some
bright children become successful men
and women. and that some dull chill
dren are dull throughout their lives.
But common sense also tells us that
many apparently slow learners make
steady progress and grow into very
desirable citizens, and that many
quick learners are failures in life.
Common sense tell us. too that COM
petent leadership is not always de-
termined BY mental alcrtness and al
most never by this factor alone. In
tegrlty, originality, push" industry,
sympathy, tact. sociability and other
personal" human" and moral"
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
By CHRISTIAN LEDEN.

Sooner or later civilization must
turn TO the Arctic regions, as it must
inevitably turn to all other untapped
reservoirs of energy. and when that
day arrives white men will perforce
live in the cold North all year around
l do not think / exaggerate when |
venture the opinion that within the
space of 100 years there will be cities
in the north frigid zone. Perhaps
they will not bear much resemblance
TO the cities OF warmer zones as we
know them. but cities they will be
nevertheless in point of size, popu-
lation and Importance.
1t is the tremendous, untouched
wealth of the north that will draw the
thousands to fill the towns that shall
spring up in the land of the Eskimo
Was it not a rumor OF gold and a
story Of a strike that brought the
daring ones from the remotest corners
OF earth to the snowy wastes Of
Alaska? And beyond doubt the
stretches of country north Of Hudsons
Bay will be settled in similar. though
not quite so sensational manner. Parts
Of the Canadian Northeast, | feel Ger.
tain, possess wealth in all the variety
and abundance of the Klondike and II
is thither that the stampede Of ad-
venturers seeking Ell Dorado will pro-
ceed in the not too distant future.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Smith College Special Honor Plan
Innovation in College Education

and time to do large quantities or solid
reading without the Interruptions OF
classroom work. After the large range
OF subjects required by our curricu-
lum in the first two years. the student
is ready for a more intensive appli-
cation to some chosen field, 50 that on
graduation she may carry away not
merely a great variety Of scraps OF
knowledge, but power and method for
mastering a single department OF
learning.
The new plan OF special honors'
then applies to those students who at
the end of sophomore year have
grade of b or better (about 10 per
cent. of the class). or such other stu
dents whose brilliance in given field
leads the department concerned to
approve their candidacy. While the
details differ according to the subject
chosen, the general principles viii
agree. The candidate, with the APP
proval of the department with which
she will work and of the faculty COM
mittee on special honors, will begin
her course in her Junior year. She
will be excused from the routine OF
class attendance AMI course examina-
tions; she will come under the guild
ance of general director" (the
chairman, or head, of the department
in which she will carry on her work.,
who will plan for her a series OF units
of study--two for each semester-and
will arrange the supervision of her
work in each of these units by a 'spe-
cial instructor" The supervision will
be carried on in general by means of
suggested readings. written reports
calculated to train judgment as well
as the power OF collecting and organ
izing facts. and conferences in which
one report is criticized and instruc-
ton given for the preparation OF the
next. The last semester Of the senior
The New York herald., 1922-03-26

deer would be no great bother. In the
summer they would. of course. Craze
AID in winter they would find their
food as they do when in a wild state,
to wit, by digging in the snow for
moss.
OF course Il is cold and many de-
grees below zero. But il is bearabie.
Dressed properly, the person of aver
age health can easily stand the most
chill Of Arctic blasts. Nor need the
absence of a bath disturb him. for he
will discover with astonishment that
the Eskimo never bathes. yet keeps
fresh and clean. feat achieved SIM
ply by proper ventilation of the body.
The early explorers kept their under-
wear ard other pieces of civilization's
uniform under their heavy outer fur
garments, consequently suffered and
were more susceptible to colds which,
lead to death than we who dress more
sensibly are.
Two fur shirts are worn-one with
fur next to skin. one with fur TO out- Il
side air. At night we throw the fuEs
on the snow and jump into our sleep
ing bags. In the morning. after beat
ing the stiffness and snow and dirt
out OF our furs. we get into them
very much like getting into a cold
tub-and in a few moments we are
warm. 1t sounds absurdly simple. but
it is nevertheless extraordinarily ef-,'
fective. s
] go into all this detail to demon
strate the habitability Of the north.
The cold is not unbearable and there
is plenty of good food. There IS work {
to be done. and in time there will be
wealth to be acquired. Gradually men
will push northward into regions
where only an occasional trapper,
hunter or explorer now penetrates.
But my mission in the Arctic is not
to pave the way for it's population by
immigrants from the temperate zones
SO much as that of an explorer and
an ethnologist. Much unexplored ter
ritory remains and many fascinating
chronological puzzles await solution.
The eleventh hour for gathering
materials and scientific data has ar
rived, for it is only a matter of few
years before the interesting old cul-
ture of the Eskimos will disappear by !.
coming in contact with the civilization
OF white men.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
American Colleges
to Raise 100000
fOrLOuvain Library
Plan to Replace Belgian Uni
versity Structure Destroyed
During the War.
DRIVE TO BEGIN APRIL 3
More Than 700 Universities
and Schools i'm U. S. to Aid
in Raising Fund.

Seven hundred American colleges and
universities will unite on Monday. April
.. In weeks drive to complete j fnna
or sl,0Oo.000 for the erection Of q H.
brary at the Belgian University of Lou
vain, which shall take the place OF the
historic structure destroyed by the Ger
man armies. The drive, which il said
to be the biggest ever undertaken bv
educational institutions in this country
so far as the number Of cooperating
agencies Is concerned, will center at
Columbia University and will ultimately
be extended to cover thousands of public
and parochial schools
A new National Committee Of the
United States for the Restoration of tbe
University OF Louvain has been organ
lied and includes educators. high church.
men of all denominations and nrorninent
business men in all parts of the country.
The campaign will be under the active
direction OF an executive committee.
whose membership, announced yester-
day, comprises Nicholas Murray Butler.
president Of Columbia University. chair
man: Archbishop Patrick J. Hayes.
Bishop William 4. Manning. Justice VIC
tor J. Bowling OF the New York Supreme
Court; Herbert Putnam. Librarian Of
congress George Barr Baker, Commits
sioner OF Relief In Belgium; Samuel r
Bertron, president Of Bertron, Grissom
q Co. Thomas ". Lamont of ]. p.
Morgan & co.
The National Committee, in addition TO
Us Work among tne colleges. will en-
deavor to obtain outside subscriptions.
The previous American campaign Yielded
only about s156.000, and in an appeal
70 the American people. signed by DIR.
Butler and his associates, and made pub
nc yesterday. the nation was reminded
OF Its duty TO restore the Iouyain
Library
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Cardinal Mercer in Letter
accepts Plans for RuiLdina

lhis duty, the committee asserted. in
giving out a letter from Cardinal Mercier.
accepting the plans submitted for the
new library building, rested upon Amer
lea as a result OF an international un-
derstanding reached in Paris subsequent
to the sack of Louvain. The other ma
uons are carrying out the obligations
assumed by them at that time. and now
the National Committee calls upon the
Ameriacn people TO carry out theirs
The committee requests that subscrip-
lions be sent to the secretary. Henry s.
Haskell, 407 West 117th street New
York.
An earnest appeal is made by the
National Committee Of the United States
1or the Restoration of the University OF
Louvain to the American people to live
up TO the ideals so nobly expressed by
Cardinal Mercier." said the statement
issued yesterday by the executive COM
mittee.
The privilege Of rebuilding the
library OF the University Of Louvain has
been claimed for the people OF the
United States. A we'll placed site for
the new building has been given BY the
Belgian authorities. The cornerstone
was laid on July 2s, 1921, with most i'm
posing ceremony in the presence OF the
King and Queen of the BelRians, of
Cardinal Mercier. of former President
Poincare OF France and of a host OF
statesmen. scholars and men of science.
representing every country and almost
every institution of higher learning in
the world.
Already several hundred Americans
have answered this appeal in a most
generous manner. The funds thus pro-
cured will permit the work to 60 on for
several months, but not less than $780,
600 additional must be provided in order
to make It possible speedily to complete
the building designed by the firm OF
American architects, whom the Belgians
have honored BY confiding to them the
task.
THE National Committee OF the
United States for the Restoration of the
University OF Louvain confidently and
earnestly appeal to the generous men
and women OF America for the addi-
tional funds that arc needed Checks
should be drawn to the order OF J. r.
Morgan X Co. and marked For the
Restoration Of the University OF Lou
vain and forwarded to the secretary of
the National Committee. 4o7 West 117th
street, New York, for record and ac-
acknowledgement"
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
HabitabiIity of Frozen Belt
Will Advance Colonies

Perhaps a large share of this talk
OF dwelling in arctic regions falls
among skeptics, and suppose It ought
not be surprising that people who live
in comfortable climates should be
rather hard to convince OF the habita-
bility OF the frigid belt, let alone of the
possibility the establishment there OF
cities. Very few explorers have had
the time-even when they have had
the inclination-to pause to look
around and investigate the country
and the natives through which they
were travelling for their great pre-
occupation has always been with trans
portation facilities and the other es-
sentials of the mad, vitality sapping
drive toward the Pole. These eX-
plorers have come back with tales OF
suffering. Many OF them have not
come back at all, and Il was left for
searching parties TO build up a con-
iectural account of their fate. The ro-
nance Of dashing for the Pole and for
seeking gold in the Icy v1stitudes OF
tho klondike has. Of course. made its
appeal to the creator OF fiction. and
they. too. have laid stress upon the
hardships and privations Of the north
ern existence. But very few indeed
have actually studied the problem, and
only a handful have studied the arctic
regions scientifically to determine it,
habitability. The obstacle has been
the fact that 50 few men Of science
with the desire TO solve this prob
lem have had the constitution robust
enough to investigate il on the ground.
Granted that IL is cold and relatively
more difficult to exist in the north
than in warmer climate, ! feel that
the hardship and danger Of life In the
arctic has been greatly exaggerated
The temperature Is an obstacle which
can be overcome once the problem OF
overcoming 1t is attacked scientifically
just as the problem Of fever in the
tropics has been overcome with the
aid Of science.
Personally am never So healthy as
when / am north. Coming southward