davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-05-21
New War Seen by Gibbs
If America Stays Out of
European Conference

insists-on using force to extract pay
menf from Germany
Personally l think Il Is possible that
the advocates OF force are right. II
may be that human nature Is inca
pable OF REASONABLE, argument. or at
lcast not ready for any other way OF
governing than that Of force. Ireland
doesn't inspire one with much conf
dence in the effect OF peace offers.
Germany n by no means TO be cred
tied with having abandoned ideas Of
war Of revenge whenever she is strong
enough 10 come back on France. But
u force Is TO be adopted as the only
ray Of logic. then there Is no avoid
ance OF another war on a big scale.
more terrible than the last. We may
make up our minds 70 that; get ready
for II.
France Believe. An Force.
France believes only in force. All
else seems 10 her sentiment. falsity.
she is convinced Germany
win attack her again. whatever policy
she pnrsuex however peaceful. how
ever generous France therefore Is
determined TO strsngle Germany for
as long as her own power lasts. Des-
perately in need OF German money
which Germany pledged herself 10 pay
and now says she cannot pay. FRANCE
proposes 20 seize German Industrial
areas and control German finance:
keep her bled white and poweriess.
That Is logical as ] said last week;
IT'S only fault in logic Is that u merely
postponcs the time OF German re-
venge. white II makes Il inevitable By
OF hate. Germany, I'm
that case. viii use Russia as her ar
senal. and In fifteen years from now.
perhaps. will fan on France with
iigerish ferocity. Great Britain may
stand again by France. Victory again
may be ours. But such another VIC
tory as the last would be our death.
We simply cannot AFFORD n. IL Is
vitally important therefore that some
other policy should be devised and
agreed to between France and Britain.
One good effect Of Genoa was the
shock to sentiment among both peo-
The New York herald., 1922-05-21
Industrial Expert Sees No Hope !
For Future of Russia So Long as
Lenine Is Government Dictator

everybody. From the Bolshevili be-
cause they thought ! could tell them
how to make their system work from
anti-Bolsheviki because they were con-
fident that an unprecedented analysis
would show up the weakness OF
Lenine's system and hasten its over
throw.
Studied Russian Type.
/ felt especially the need Of ac-
quaintance with the ordinary life and
the living conditions in Russia. /
therefore spent three months in a
close study of the Russian type
workers. peasants and the educated
classes as well. I gave especial atten-
ton to a group Of factories in the
Moscow district. While making this
investigation l had little TO do with
Government officials. nor did spend
much time on statistics. / wanted to
gain first hand impressions from di-
rect contact with the industries and
with the average man. My activities
brought me into frequent contact with
Lenine. He was always cordial and
courteous. frequently inquiring after
my health and comfort. One night a
messenger from the Kremlin brought
me letter which Lenine had written
himself. ! quote it verbatim;
DEAR CoMRApE KEELY: must apollo
gize for my bad English.
II have told you that when you wish
to reach me that you must address me
personally. because the lack of order
and punctuality is very great with us
& without my experience it is hardly
probable that all necessary for you in
your exceptional position will be made
well and soon.
Now. / understand your room is
cold, your dinner bad & so on.
II beg you to excuse me. / shall
order Immediately that you must re-
ceive better apartments and better
food. We are in a difficult position
(for food and fueD, but our guests
eve have too few guests from abroad)
we can find and shall find all is neces-
sary.
"Once more beg you address me
immediately TO mc (write personal
from Keely to Lenine on the en-
velope). Yours truly,
"LENINE.'
Near the end of the three months
investigation l had several talks with
Lenine. in which I told him some of
my conclusions. But my words made
little impression on him. He did not
understand enough about the detail
problems OF production to catch the
significance Of what / told him. And,
like all in high places. he was sur
rounded by flatterers. He did not en-
JOY discouraging reports and shifted
the conversation to pleasant subjects.
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

Lenine, Bolsheyik dictator of RUS
sia, does not know what factory is,
writes Royal r. Keely. student of
organization and management OF
American industry. Mr.. Keely in on,
World explains that he spent several
months investigating Russian indus
try at the request Of Lenine's Gov
ernment. After many interviews and
much correspondence he thus sums up
his impressions:
At the first interview in the old
fortress of the Kremlin- Lenine said
to Mr.. Keely:
II have heard of your motives in
coming to Russia. We welcome you.
We shall give you every opportunity
to see and understand our situation.
please go into the factories and
Offices. go out among the peasants.
Try to get not only the psychology of
the average man but also the aims,
accomplishments and failures of our
In return for the free
dom which we give you in travel and
investigation request that you report
to me. personally, the results of your
study-with whatever suggestions you
may be good enough to make.
I'VE seek the friendship of the
American people" he said. I'VE hope
and expect to have Intimate relations
with them in the future
A Man Not to Be Classified.
Lenine is short. thick set. bald
headed. freckled. sandy complexioned,
with small squinty. obscure eyes-not
very impressive. 1 never would have
thought him capable Of controlling a
gigantic revolution. Of directing. as
Chief Executive. the affairs OF a great
nation. of being able TO retain political
power for himself and his followers.
Here was a man for whom / could
hnd. in my own experience. no classifi-
was no profession ,
knew OF for which he seemed fitted.
from this first impression. I
would not have recommended him for
any executive or managerial job
With an order from Lenine / had
entrance into all offices
and factories. An automobile and pri-
vate railway car. with all necessary
assistants. were put at my disposal. /
told oil those from whom ] wanted
the straight facts. was
engaged In scientific investigation of
the Industrial and economic situation
with the object OF making recon-
20 meet the difficulties
I received cordial cooperation from
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

his own authority II. Berthelot had
sent to NJ. Cazenave. the French finan-
cial agent in Washington, once more
concerning the b. !. c., the matter
ended with NJ. Berthelot's resignation.
The Yao.c question is now well in
the political arena. The attack on the
bank and on NJ. Berthelot is led by M.
Andre Tardieu. and It is indeed said
that the absence Of satisfactory as
surances on this point determined his
decision not to accept M. Poincare's
invitation TO join his Government.
The friends of the Banque Industrielle.
,on the other hand. accuse NJ. Tardieu
OF acting In the interests of the rival
Banque de rIndo-Chine. In any case
ihe fight is well engaged. and as in all
affairs OF this kind In France 1t will
be fight with the gloves off. 1t may
even end In the downfall of the Poin-
care Government. which is by no
means friendly to the Berthelot group.
for the Poincare Government may suf-
fer for carrying out the commitments
OF its predecessor with regard to the
saving Of the y. ]. c.
Bertheiot Chsirmsn of Board.
The accusations against NJ. Philippe
Berthelot OF having used his official
position in order unduly to favor the
fortunes OF the B. I. c. are given
color by the fact that his brother. NJ.
Andre Berthelot. the Senator. is the
chairman OF the banks board Of di-
rectors; and although the Judgment
Of more reasonable critics does not
accuse either brother Of direct COM
plicity, there seems TO be little ques-
ton that the affairs OF the bank were
managed with negligence. IL not worse
First OF all. whatever the strict
powers OF the h. /. G. may have been.
Il is held that IL was stretching them
rather far 10 use the 1914 loan as 1t
was done. However. IL Is since jan
uary OF last year, when the l2,00O.Oo
francs advance was accompanied by
form OF Government control that
the worst irregularities are said to
have occurred. This sum Is alleged
10 haze been used in indemnifying
French depositors. to the detriment OF
the Chinese and Indo-Chinese. al
though the Indo-C Chinese Government
supplied part OF the money for the sd-
vance.
As far as NJ. Philippe Berthelot Is
concerned. the sequel has been the
BY NJ. Poincare. In his ca
pacity OF Minister for Foreign Affairs.
OF the coHscii DE- discipline al the Qusi
d'Orsay. upon whose recommendations
he has Just announced his decision.
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

Piles when certain words OF Lloyd
George, twisted and exaggerated in
newspaper reports. threatened to open
breech between our two nations.
That would be the last and most tragic
but a grisly farce of our common
sacrifice and would be a blasphemous
mockery to the dead youth who fought
together on the fields of France. 1t
must -cannot-happen. l, for one,
and millions of British men and
women would abandon all hope of hu-
man progress if France and Britain
were 10 abandon friendship and
acknowledge emnity.
Only One Way Out.
There's only one way, as it seems to
me, out of this horrible dilemma. 1t
is for France and Great Britain to
make new alliance on new and def
mite terms. Britain must agree to wipe
out all debts owed her by France on
condition that France cancel by so
much Germany's indebtedness to her.
And France must agree to modify the
Germany is able to pay without ma
tional bankruptcy. In return for that
concession from France, which Eng
land desires not for any love of Ger
many but to save European peace re-
covery, Great Britain might obtain
pledges of peace from Germany and
Russia regarding France. guaranteed
by all European Powers. That would
be a pact Of peace such as Lloyd
cial reference and guarantees to
France. whose present apprehensions
are fully justified.
In my opinion such solution is
possible on one condition only. 1t is
that the United States should cooper
ate in this peace plan to the full ex-
tent of her political and economic
influence. Is it too much to hope even
now that the United States should
realize that without her influence as
arbitrator and creditor. without her
moral support on the side Of peace,
there is only one alternative in Eu-
rope. and that is a regrouping of
Powers according to the old belief in
force? Unless the United States backs
the Lloyd George school Of thought
the Poincare point of view will win. I
fear in that case France will lose first
and most. because less even than
Great Britain could she afford that
war for which all nations would pre-
pare however long might be the
breathing space Of German peace.
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

lng up Of many naval stations. yards
coast yards Will go. IL Is understood.
One Of those to stay is Hampton Roads |;
the other Il still TO be definitely settled
upon. II Is probable that the second
base viii be either New York or Boston.
This means that thousands OF men are
10 be thrown out OF work as a result.
None ot the Pacific bases can be
dispensed with. as their total facilities
are far from adequate for the needs in
that sphere. However. the Mare Island
or San Francisco base is in hardly
a desirable place and Il Is possible that
some time a new yard viii be built.
The British are enaeting a new set Of
laws 10 make their naval position more
certain under the naval treaty. 1t would
be exceedingly wise Of the United States
10 do the same. We will need laws by
which no time will be lost In the laying
down and building OF prohibited ships
in the event OF war. when the naval
treaty does not hold
Preparations for Emergency.
Our Bureau OF Constructor and Re-
pair should be empowered TO go ahead
on the plans for new warships. When
these plans are completed authority
should be available 10 give the contracts
for the ships 20 various builders. No
money would be available for the con-
strpction OF these ships in time of pease.
but a declaration OF war would auto
matically make funds available by Con-
gressional appropriation.
In this way we would always have
ships ready to be built. The depart
ment designs would be In the hands of
the builders, who would have the au--
thority TO let the subcontracts. Every
one would know exactly what 10 do In
the event of war, and before hostilitjes
were fairly under way the new ships
would be we'll along in construction. It.
is reported that both Japan and Englan |
will have legislation providing for just
this. The move would have an extremely
and would cost very little.
Another thing which must receive
some attention is our war personnel re-
serve. 1t has been pointed out that we
have but a four year enlistment In our
navy in contrast to twelve years in the
British navy and six years in the Japa-
nese. 1t has been said that we are run
ming great trade school and not a
navy Just when man has become
very efficient in his work he is dis
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

Ni'S" " put my report IN
writing.
On December 1s, 1919. / presented
carefully prepared personal memo
randum of fifteen pages My investi
CATION had shown that many factories
We're entirely closed, and those which
were running employed only about 0
per cent. of the regular force. I esti-
mated general Industrial production at
less than per cent. OF normal.
L emphasized two reasons for this
appalling decline. The spirit of the
workers was decidedly bad and the
corps OF technical men had almost dis
appeared. i gave a number of exam
pies OF trained men who were not
profitably employed. One engineer of
high standing was working as a vii
lage blacksmith. Another was leaving
Government service. unable to live on
his pay. to work on farm. | gave
plenty of details. analyzing the condi-
tions in one factory after another.
The dictatorship of the proletariat
may be the only means OF securing
the worker his due" / wrote, but il
is hell for industry. and hell for in
hardship for everybody
Then / made my constructive recon-
mendations. / said the only way to
save the situation was to form an
industrial board similar to our War
Industries Board. to be composed of
their best industrial experts and to
allow this board TO choose a leader.
with full dictatorial powers to control
labor, move material and shape in
dustrial policy.
The effect of this memorandum was
like bombshell. 1t seemed TO amaze
and stun Lenine. He had not paid
could not ignore what was written.
He acted as il II were the first infor-
nation he had received of the serious
ness of the situation. My. memoran-
dunn was translated into Russian for
the sixteen Commissars.
On March 3. 1920, sent to Lenine
the last of my memoranda The gist
of it was that industrial production in
Russia had fallen practically to the
vanishing point and there was no
prospect of Improvement for a con-
siderable time. ! ended this last
memorandum with the request for the
various permits ] would need to en-
able me to leave Russia.
Arrested and Sent TO Jail.
sAfter many aggravating delays the
necessary papers were at last issued
and the arrangements were made for
me TO leave Moscow on May Z for
Esthonia. Before / left l went TO the
Kremlin to make my farewels and
had my last interviews with Leninc
and Trotzky.
Both were cordial and courteous as
usual. but ! have every reason to be-
lieve that my arrest had already been
ordered by them. On May 12 I was
seized at the border. Just as the train
was about TO cross the frontier. At
first I thought IL was some stupid
blunder. which would be set right as
soon as I got to Moscow. But found
that my secretary had been arrested in
Moscow the day / left-two days be-
fore I was.
] spent twelve and half months in
prison, without explanation. without
formal accusation, without trial-be-
cause | had had the opportunity to
learn the facts about the colossal fail
ure Of the Bosheviki from the point
of view Of industry. Lenine, all his
protestations Notwithstanding. did not
want me to give the rest of the world
the same unvarnished. straightforward
report on Russian conditions which
had given him.
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

charged and the navy loses him. The
navy should not lose him.
IL the four year enlistment cannot be
extended to six or eight years, then a
reserve should be made of the thou
sands of well trained men who leave our
service every year. The new naval re-
serve bill Of the Secretary OF the Navy
calls for such a supply OF men. When a
man en,sts for stated period in the
active service he automatically enlists
for an approximate period In the re-
serve. And so when he has become a
well trained man-o'-warsman and re-
turns to civil life he is still potentially
in the service and in time of war the
Government has a call on him in return
for the training and education he has
received
Two Lines of Reserves.
This reserve might be called a fleet
reserve because it supplies men for the
very exacting naval duties. Another
reserve is necessary. Every one realizes
that a merchant marine is potentially
part of the naval service in time of
war and that the merchant marine loses
its identity as such by the acquisition
of guns and a naval crew. We must
have men to commission the merchant
vessels as naval ships in time of war.
The unions have blocked the move on
the part of the Navy Department to
have every merchant sailor member Of
the naval reserve force and so the navy
must look elsewhere for men.
Despite the claims of even our most
enlightened pacifists naval service is
not unpopular in the United States to-
day. That is why we have thousands
-of young men serving in the reserve
without pay. in great contrast to the
militia. IL the average young American
likes the naval service we'll enough to
serve in the reserve without pay when
The New York herald., 1922-05-21
BY eraser sCHoRNsTHEIMER.

NJ "RASnn StHOH y N u A" EN-
SPECIAL Dispatch to THE New YonK HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau.
Washington. D. c.. May 20.
Developments regarding the naval
appropriation bill bring out some start
ling contrasts OF opinion. Men who de-
cried Article XIX. OF the naval limita-
ton treaty. which prohibits the exis-
tence of proper basing facilities in our
Pacific possessions. refused to allow ap-
preparations for the same facilities even
on our Pacific coast, let alone Pearl
Harbor. the only base we may retain
under the naval treaty. The particular
bases under confederation were the sub
marine base at San Pedro. CAL; the
feet base at Mare Island. San Fran
cisco. and the feet base at Bremerton,
Wash.
These naval ports are absolutely
necessary for the proper defense of our
mainland. None of them is developed
to any great degree and It is hardly
possible to maintain our present Pacific
fleet properly because of their limita-
tions And 1t must be remembered that
we have not our full treaty navy.
Our existing capital ship forces are to
be augmented within very short time
by two new battleships. and ten new
cruisers now building will also come
into service shortly. Then within few
years we will have built up our aircraft
carrier tonnage to its maximum exten
of five ships, as provided in the treaty.
Other vessels, entirely unknown at pres
ent in our service. will make their ap-
pearance-new cruisers, f1otilla leaders
and big submarines.
Congressional Reasoning. :
II 1t is impossible for us to maintain
properly even the forces we have in the
Pacific at present how can we maintain
forces approximately 80 per cent. larger
In the future with the same facilities
the understanding of mere humans.
The Mackenzie bill seems certain of
adoption, as the Senate appears to
favor it, The measure provides rea-
sonable revision of the pay of the navy
and most officers are known to favor it.
even though it means a reduction of pay
in some Of the grades.
The $4,000 naval personnel seems
assured for the next fiscal year, despite
the fact that 1t lacks no less than $4,000
men Of properly expressing our treaty
ratio in men. This is attributed to the
aversion of certain Senator's to any fur
The New York herald., 1922-05-21

ther discussion on the subject Of the
naval treaty and 20 the opinion that the
House would not pass amy bal increas-
ing the number beyond sS.o0e. And 80
for this year. America viii have 10 be
satisfied with a ratio OF four 10 ave for
Great Britain and three for Japan.
Battleships. cruisers and desfroyers will
have TO be placed out OF service.
II Is understood that the plans for
the reduction Of our feet are well under
way at the Navy Department. The bat
tleshlps Delaware and North Dakota
will be the first to lose their crews. and
as soon as the situation will permit the
cruisers New Orleans and Albany will
be taken from the Asiatic feet. They
are now on duty protecting Americans
in China. This may seem to be an ex-
treme act. but we can't have everything.
and Congress has refused the men 10
handle properly all the work 10 be done.
Other vessels will have TO be put out
of service when the new cruisers are
commissioned. Just what vessels viii
be relieved Is uncertain as yet, though
it is believed that the Huron. flagship
of the. Asiatic feet. will come home and
be replaced by one of the smaller but
newer cruisers. 1t is also possible THAI
the battleship Utah, flagship OF our
forces in European waters, will be re-
turned and replaced by one of the
cp, chi rt.l, Ao f,,l
crew at present, but when she returns
it is probable that she will be reduced
to the so per cent. complement now In
vogue and the men saved be used for
her replacement cruiser
Reduction I'm Efficiency.
1t is TO be seen from this which ap-
pears to be the only logical solution for
the navy's problem, that any reduction
In our naval personnel means a reduc-
tion in the efficiency of our protection
Of our citizens and interests abroad and
consequent loss of prestige. This
means loss OF power for our State De-
partment and many other disadvan-
tAges. But Congress seems intent on
driving our flag and our navy from the
seas.
1t is the working out of exactly what
the public has been warned by the Sec
retary of the Navy, the Chief Of Opera
tions and other distinguished naval Off
GERS. And it will have its effect on the
nations business.
Under the $4,000 naval personnel the
service will have to be reorganized
This reorganization will mean the CIV
New-York tribune., 1922-05-28

seen that all the boys was there an figured on
the level that if they all done it it could be
done all right
so 1t looks from the outside like the chances
was about one to two that they really was goin'
TO try to work three shifts day, instead Of
two Anyhow, they said they'd appoint COM
mlttee to look into it, an it's cinch they'll do
that
When the committee reports, whv. most
anybody dope out whether thew was fu,, q,
turtle soup or good resolutions
Il worked many twe!vc-hour ;h;44 boh;nd
'he bar, but you wouldn't catch me wcv1n' no
one-hour shift even in one O. them steel mills
seen one O. them once. The mill I seen had
Its floor all laid out like freight ward an,
every little while along would come troop of
Kettle cars on one O the tracks. every kettle
full O. boilin' steel.
when the cars wasn't runnjn' over tho aoor
th's furnace or mat was spttn sparGs that
would burn hole clean through you if thev
MT you, an every once in while one of ,on
would hccough an steel would come holm, ont
all over the floor.
Up overhead all the time they was hoistin'
Dig bundles of rail an scrap iron that voulda
made you look like waffle if YOU was under-
meath when they let go their hold.
Il wouldn't a-stood in the door loolx;n, j.; tou
Twelve hours, let alone woykin' inside whore
you mad to be dodgn' scaldin' steel an sharks
an tWenty-ton bundles O steel rails A r;co
quiet Job tendin' bar on Tenth Avenno ,st
suited me-" '"''