davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
Edna Richmond Undergoes Operation
Al Nashville.

Edna, the ten year old daugh.
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. j. Z. Rich
mond of Rough Poinl, who was
carried to the Woman's Hospital
Nashville for an operation for
plurisy several days ago, is re-
ported getting along nicely.
The operation was performed by
DR.. w. A, Bryan, who states
that she will be able to return
home inside of three weeks. A
portion of the sevenths rib was
removed and a large quantity of
puss taken out The child was
stricken with pneumonia fever
while attending the school field
day here Dec. End. 1t is hoped
that she will soon be restored to
health.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
Popular Young People We'd.

A wedding which came as a
surprise to many of their friends
was that of Miss Mary Oma
Hanev and Garland Jackson,
which was solemnized in Gaines
boro Monday evening Dec. 26th,
at 6 o'clock, in front of the
residence of R. A. Montgomery,
Esq. Montgomery performing
the ceremony in the presence of
a few friends of the bride and
groom.
Immediately after the cere-
mony Mr.. and Mrs. Jackson
motored to the home of the
groom's parents in the 18th dis.
trict, where an Celebrate supper
was served.
Inc pride is an attractive
young lady and is the daughter
of Henry Haney Of the 10th dis
trict. The groom is Register of
this county and is the son Of Mr.
and Mrs. S. r. Jackson of the
18th district. Both have numer-
Gus of friends, who wish them
much happiness,
Mr.. and Mrs Jackson will set
up housekeeping in Gainesboro,
having rented the Gainesboro
Telephone Co.'S property in west
side of town.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
BLACK NEW YEAR PUDDING

Ingredients: One cupful black mo-
lasses; one cupful thick sour milk |;
one dessertspoonful soda; beat well.
Add one teaspoonful salt; one grated
nutmeg; one-eighth pound citron,
chopped fine; one-fourth pound suet.
chopped fine; four dry figs, chopped
fine; one dozen almonds, minced fine i;
one cupful seeded raislns; three raw
tart apples, chopped coarsely; three
cupfuls -four Mix all together, steam
in buttered mold for three hours and
dry for 10 minutes in an oven. Serve
with any good pudding sauce. This
will serve Is persons.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05

moved to the property belonging
to his daughter. Mrs. Ella Burton
Washburn on west side, formerly
occupied by Mrs Minnie Nc
Dearman.
M. P. Bailey and familey have
moved to Gainesboro. after re-
siding at Meagsville for three
monts Mr.. Bailey has rented
rooms at the Telephone office
for the present.
Miss Lora Young has returned
to Nashville, after a visit of
several days with her mother,
Mrs. Sadie Young
H. Raggio Young. Duputy
Internal Revenue Collector who
spent the holidays with his fami-
lly here, has returned to work.
John Landon Quarles. returned
| to Nashville. last week after q
few days visit with home folks
| All the local merchants re-
ports big sales during the holi.
days. Most all the toy depart
ments were cleaned up. besides
heavy trading in other lines.
Tom ]. Meadows. of Nash
vile. and two sons, Carmen and
Mabry, of Livingston, spent the
weekend with relatives here.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
The New Year
~ HE year that has just closed
w means something different
ta ,,,neA a,,or,kaJ,, NO

~ HE year that has just closed
W means something different
to most everybody. To
some 1t has brought great
Joy; to others great sorrow; to
many, both grief and gladness In
full measure. Many Of us have
gone along the regular, unevent-
full path, filled with the happiness
of love and work and the Joy Of
everyday things, which, after all,
Ii the best happiness.
To youth the New Year means
a long, pleasure-fllled evening and
the writing of new date on their
letters. They look neither for
ward nor back. They make reso-
lutlons because 1t seems the cor
rect thing to them to do, They
keep them sometimes and II helps
make them better men and women,
but 1t Is not a serious matter with
them-just as is natural for youth.
Older folks involuntarily look
back a bit on the even of a new
year--not Systematically, but with
general sweeping glance that
usually makes them a bit uncom-
Portable at things left undone or
failures to make good as they
had intended. Maybe there has
been just one thing accomplished
that gives them little warm feel
ing round their hearts-maybe not.
The great sorrow or great joy
stands out with more meaning to
them than TO youth. 'Tis another
milestone passed.
The New Year may not present
very bright prospects to some, but
these same older folks know that
there is something better In store
than what the immediate future
seems to otfag-kiiJw That unhappy
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05

things can't last-that they are
pretty sure to lead to something
greater and better-know that
even If they can't understand the
reason for sorrow and trouble that
there is a reason-know it deep
down within themselves, though
outwardly they resent and rebel
against fate. 1t is not blind faith
or optimism that teaches this, but
reason and knowledge of life.
Older folks know that the year
is bound to bring happiness and re-
lief TO those who are now bearing
sorrow and trOuble.-Mrs. ]. K.
Leslie, in the Detroit News.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
Destroys Big Still

w. f, Hawkins, deputy
sheriff of this county. and Leo
Purcell, destroyed a large copper
still on Pine Lick one day last
week, and poured out a large
quantity of beer. They also de
stroyed a number of boxes and
barrels and other accessories
found at the still. No arrest
were made, the operators had
evidently been Informed of the
approach of the officers, and
made their getaway.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
established in connection with
the soldiers vocational school.

established in connection with
the soldiers vocational school.
Marshall Hall of Cookeville,
was the guest of his parents. Mr.
and Mrs. Henry Hall on RI,
last week.
Jas 7, Quarles. popular travel
ng man of Cookeville, was the
guest of his brother, l.. G..
Quarles several days last week.
Mrs. P. j. Anderson and two
sons. Russell Burton and Wayne,
and her brother, Harry Page,
have been visiting their parents,
DR.. and Mrs. w. B. Page al
Granville.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. NJ. Pate and
little son, A. NJ. Jr.. after a two
weeks visit with Mr.. Pate's par.
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. S. L. Pate
have retutned to their home ir
Dallas, Texas.
! Mrs. Ola Johnson and family
have moved to the old Murra,
property, belonging to D. B
johnson, in east side of town
Mrs. Johnson has had charge ol
the Gaiaesboro Telephone ex
change here for the past thre,
years.
! Rec Roberts and family hav,
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05

G. F. Halle of Gallatin, RI,
after visiting his son, H. R.
Halle and wife. and other re.
latives in tn county. has return
ed home.
Mrs. Leslie Hargis and child
rem have returned to their home
in Granville, after a week s
visit here.
Nan and Ruth Young. of
Cookeville. visited friends here
last week.
J. B. Spurlock, who has been
teaching the fall term of school
at New Salmen, left last Satur
dav for Berea. KY, where ht
i'll enter Berea College.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
Child Suslains Serious Burn.

Bill, the little 3.year old son
of MIR. and Mrs Ben Fowler
Baugh, sustained a very serious
burn in one of his eyes. when he
ran against an iron. with which
his mother was ironing. The ac-
cident occurred about two weeks
ago, and it was thought at first
that he would lose his eye, but
it is the opinion now that the
eye will will get all right with
proper attention.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
SLAUCHIERS BIG SPOTTED POLAND
CHINA HOGS.

G. L. Dudney of Free State,
one of the leading farmers of
the county, killed three unusally
LARGE hogs one day last week.
Tney were the Spotted Poland
China. and weighted 2lOO
pounds The largest one. which
was three years old. weighed
even 800 pounds. and the other
two weighing us and 525. Three
hundred pounds of lord was
rendered from the three hogs.
Mr.. Dudney has been raising
this type of hog for sometime
md has been very successful.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
HIGH SCHOOL BEGINS WIN
TER SESSION With
LARGE ENROLMENT.

The total enrolment for our
school to date is 264. 81 of whom
are in the high school.
There are q in the Home
Enconomics Department. This
department, under management
of Miss Myers is doing good
work
We have two good classes in
Teacher Training work. The
subjects taught are Psychology.
School Methods and Management.
This is a splendid opportunity
for any one who has taught. or
is preparing to teach, to take
advantage of this professional
work. 1t is something that
every teacher needs.
The fall term examinations
were held on Thursday and Fri
day, Dec. 22 and % Complete
fall term reports for all high
school pupils will be ready to
hand out in a few days. Quite
a number of the high school
pupils have done good work and
have made splendid grades.
Others have studied less at
night and have done only fairly
well. A few have fallen low.
No high school pupil will do well
without doing night work. The
high school pupils are distributed
fairly well among the four high
school grades.
We were glad to enroll the
following new pupils. in high
school. this week: Doris Halle,
Ora Smith. Mamie Vanhooser.
Sallie Vanhooser. James Welch.
Wallace Halle, Raggio Dudney.
and Balm Hawkins. Some others
from various points of the coun-
ty are expected to enter within
the next few days.
Mr.. Beck has taken charge Of
the seventh and eigth grade
room and we feel sure that he
can and will do good work in
that department. He will have
quite a lot of good material to
work with, and feel sure that a
large percent of the eigth grade
pupils can be promoted at close
of school year to high school. I
am insisting that these boys and
girls, especially of the eighth
4
grade do more night study, and
make sure of promotion.
No one will do we'll in school
unless ne is willing to pay the
price. The price of an education
is hard night work. Lincoln
used the pine torch by which to
study at night. The boy or girl
who will study at night, their
esson for next day, will learn
more in one year than those who
do not study at night will learn
in two years
| On the whole we have q fine
student body, and both students
and teachers are doing some ex-
cellent work. st
Expression work is greatly
! needed in the school, and we are
especially desirous that this very
essential part of a well rounded
education be offered in our
curriculum.
We have a splendid music
class under the management Of
Miss Bolen. -
II. ]. Cox, Prin
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
RESOLUTIONS.

Resolved: To save my money
And lead frugal life.
Resolved: To do my duty
And still abstain from strife.
Resolved: To give UP smoking
And never touch drop.
Resolved: To heed the speed laws
And ne'er offend cop.
Resolved: To quit complaining
And smile whene'er l can.
Resolved: To cease from knocking
And praise my fellow man.
Resolved-but what's the use of
My plunging In so deep?
I've made more resolutions
Than any man could keep.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05

Joe Tinsley. principal of the
Fairview High school at Denver.
Tenn. was at home during the
holidays Joe is looking fine
and is very much pleased with
his work. He states that the
people in that section are behind
the school and cooperate with
the teachers in every way to
make the school q success.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
CHAIRMAN HULL
POINTS WAY BY WHICH
DEMOCRATS CAN WIN.

The following message of hope
by Cordell Hull, chairman of the
Democratic National Committee,
was deliver ed to Tennessee Dem
ocrats assembled to do him honor
at the Hermitage Hotel in Nash
vile last Wednesday night:
Il know that the great body
of Tennessee Democrats are tired
of strife and factionalism. They
want to win. They deserve to
win. We must and do recognize
that the success of the party
means far, more than the success
of any group or faction. We
may have our friendly rivalry III
the primaries. but we must for
get and bury all our differences
thereafter, if we are to win. Let
the Democratic party then offer
the people a program so big, 50
concrete, so sound and construct.
i've, and so comprehensive and
convincing by reason of its
strength and its honesty that it
will command the support Of the
of the voters. On SUCH a plat
form we will inevitably win."
There was little in Mr., Hulls
address that touched upon Tenn
essee affairs as separate from
the affairs of the nation, but in
his capacity as leader OF the
party he made vigorous arraig
nment of Republican leadship.
He charged the reactionary
Republican leadership with hav-
ing made wholesale and unscru-
pulous promises to the American
people from 1918 to 1920" and
declared that if wholesale
breach of solemn and unqualified
promises to the people constltut-
ed a statutory crime every re,
dictionary Republican leader,
state and national, would, under
a plea Of guilty, be in the custo-
dy Of the law"
In comparing the Democratic
and Republican records of the
past eight years, Chairman Hull
asserted that the latter had been
content to play cheap, narrow
and venomous politics at every
step." at the expense of the
American business man, farmer
and laborer.
A promise of tax relief was
made in the last campaign, he
said. but so far the people have
obtained nothing tangible or at
all satisfactory" and he added
that the Republicans have nev-
er studied internal taxation"
They took the campaign con
tributions of a few big taxpay-
ers." he said. 'and bargained to
relieve them during 1921. This
contract embraced their real tax
program.
Declaring that there was mo
deadIier weapon with which to
destroy foreign trade than a
high tariff" he pointed out that
there are $4,000 idle freight
cars, ITO idle merchant ships,
hundreds of mills. factories and
mines closed and millions of idle
and hungry laborers because of
the failure of the administration
at Washington.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1922-01-05
Gainesboro Locals.

Miss Ethel BOlen spent the
holidays with friends in Celina.
Mrs Lou Terry of 'R2, was
the guest of relatives here Mon.
day.
Wallace Halle, of Flynn's
Lick, entered school here Mon
day.
Willard Johnson has returned
to Pulaski, where she is attend.
ing Martin College.
Tom Gailbrcath has returned
to Swe etwater Military school,
after spending the holidays here
If you are feeling badly. put
your troubles away by taking
Tanlac Anderson & Halle,
Gainesboro, Tenn
Mrs. Minnie McDearman and
son, W. Z. McDearman and wife
have moved to Mrs. McDear-
mans farm in Free State.
Mrs. Bird Lee Quarles, Jr.,
and little son. spent Seveal days
last week with her parents, Mr.
and Mrs. B. p. Sadler, near
Whitleyville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo Ludney, of
Free State, have moved to the
old David LOFTS home in Gaines
boro. Mr.. Dudney recently pur-
chased the prop erty of Quarles
q McCauley Company for $2, 750.
+. L. Pate has resigned his
position with Joseph, Frank &
Son, Nashville. and returned to
Gainesboro. Mr.. Pate is yet un
decided as to what he will do,
but will remain here for awhile.
H. Grady Gore, local attorney,
spent the week of Dec. 18th in
Manchester. Tenn, where he
attended Chancery Court. Mr..
Gore made the return trip in a
Buick car, for which he traded
his Ford and a little boot.
B. P Shirley. of Shirley &
Huff, Granville, was in town
Monday. Mr.. Shirley called at
the Sentinel Office and left an
order for some job work. Con-
Sidering the financial strain, Mr.
Shirley says their business has
been good during the past IL
Esq. John B. Billingsley of
R-3, was a visitor at this office
Tuesday. Esq Billingsley is
one Of the old standbys of the
Sentinel and never fails to cal
in at the first of the year and
renew his subscription. We
would be delighted to have about
a thousand more subscribers just
as prompt as Uncle" John.
II. l. McDearman and son,
w. P. McDearman of Aberdeen
formerly of Gainesboro
came up last Week and remained
several days visiting friends and
looking after personal matters
Everything is moving along
nicely. he says. and his family
satisfied with their new home.
John L. Meadows of Milligan
College, Milligan, Tenn, has been
visiting his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
CALVIN Meadows on R-2. Dur
ing his visit ne filled the pulpit at
Hurricane seveal days, preaching
some interesting sermons. Mr..
Meadows has worked his way
through college, and will at ex-
piration of the present term,
receive his deploma. He de.
serves great credit for what he
has accomplished.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. w. Fiske, OF
Monterey, were in GainesborC
last week en- route to Celina,
where they visited relatives
Mr.. and Mrs. Fiske have beer
conducting a job printing plan
until recently. They have NOV.
ed to Cookeville, where Mr.. Fisk,
will take a course in Linotyp,
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
ADMIRAL EVANS IN < PORT SUNDAY FROM
 WESTWARD; SOUTH

The steamship Admiral Evans ar lived in port at ] o'clock Sunday afternoon from the Westward and ;ailed at 3 o'clock, southboand. The steamship had only 36 passengers or Seattle from the Westward towns. Nine passengers arrived al Juneau.
 Passengers arriving here were :; Sadie J. Conley, Helen R. Lyons, Mrs. F. I. Burger. l. c. Anderson. 5. J. Johnson, Mrs. s. J. Johnson, H. Mckenzie, E. w. Strong.
 Passengers leaving Juneau for the South were: For -Scattle-Albert P. Leid, Mrs. Beulah Leid, Elmer Wal Scrg, Bonnie Loid. w. E. Jones. For Tetchikan-A. w. Fox w. Bryant. Miss Josephine Scott. For Peters 1urg l.. Paul.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
WEDNESDAYS TIDES
ALASKA STEAMSHIP co. GIVES SPECIAL RATES
 EFFECTIVE JULY Is

The Alaska Steamship Company has made a special rate for first-class passenger fares from Southeastern Alaska to Seattle, effective July 15 to July P inclusive, according to ldvices received by w. E. Nowell, local agent. Tho rate is given on account of the merchants convention and the 25th anniversary O. gold shipment from Alaska, at Port land, this month.
 The fares from Southeastern Al aska towns are as follows: From 1aines, $6S.S0; from Skagway, $6S.80; rom Juneau, $62.40; from Douglas, s62 40; from Petersburg, $54.40; from Wrangel, $52; from Kctchikan,
 40
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
SUIT IS DISMISSED

Orders were entered Saturday by Judge T. M Reed dismissing the abatement action against the Salmon Creek roadhouse so far as Mrs Rob ort Clark was affected. Mrs. Clark was named as defendant in the orig inal action as she was shown as be. ing mortgagee of the property. It was later shown that the mortgage had been satisfied about three years ago and the case against Ter was discontinued
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
AT MT. MCKINLEY

Mir. and Mrs Woodbury Abbey and two children arrived at McKin- ley Park from the coast yesterday. Mir. Abbey will resume the survey of the park boundaries. commencing at point near the Mckinley Park Hotel and, continuing south to Windy Creek, from which point the fine will swing west to the summit of Mt. Russeit.- 'tNenana News.)
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
STEAMER MOVEMENTS
Northbound

 SPOkANE,} due to arrive tOmOr- row night or Wednesday morn ing.
 PRINCESS ALICE due to arrive late tomorrow afternoon or early evening.
 Scheduled Salirgs SANTA RITA will leave for Skagway tonight at II o'clock. JEFFERSON scheduled to sail from Seattle July }. PRINCESS LOUISE scheduled to sail from Vancouver July ,. NORTHWESTERN scheduled to sail from Seattle July 8. QUEEN scheduled 10 sail from Seattle July 8. ADMIRAL EVANS scheduled 10 sail from Seattle July II.
 Southbound ADMIRAL WATSON sched- uled southbound about July II.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
QUEEN ARRIVES
 FROM SITKA;
 IS S0UTHB0UND
In Port Saturday Evening Has 5 Passengers for J Ju-
 Stop Overs Here.

With 8 passengers for Juneau and filled to capacity with round trip pas sengers, ,the Pacific Steamship Con- pany steamer Queen arrived in port Saturday evening at S30 o'clock. The ship sailed at l o'clock Sunday morning, southbound.
 The Queen brought the Juneau Camp Fire Girls from Sitka and a number of Juneau people who have spent the past two weeks visiting at Skagway. Haines and Sitka. Several round-trp passengers are stopping off here until the next trip of the steamship.
 Passengers arriving at Juneau were: Miss S. w. Holt, Miss M. N Holt, Miss C. M Wheeler Miss B. E. Carey, A. E. Johnson, G. c. Jones' Mrs. Jones, A. E. Austin, Mrs. Aus tin, Julia Austin, Ruth Austin, Miss Sully, Mrs. Weston, Etalene Camper, Dorothy Lang, Helen Carter, Florence Bathe, Mrs. Bathe. Evaline Judson, Kathleen Tolch, Alma Wiedl, Iris Gray, Hansena Camper, May Ramsey, L. c. Gore, Mrs. L. c. Gore, Lafe Spray, Mrs. l.. Spray, w. M. Munford Esther Kaser, Mrs M Raven, Jane Kaser. L. M. Carrigan. Mrs. c. D. Beaumont, R. A. Maurer.
 Passengers leaving Juneau were: For Seattle-C. J. Wooftor, Miss Nadia Kashevaroff, w. A. Eaton. Mrs. John C. Campbell, J. E. Rhods. For Ketchkan-Eldred Ireland, L. J. Me Donald, L. R. Doggctt, Mrs. J. B. Marshall, J. B. Marshall. For Wran- gell-R. J. Suratt, Carl Palmer, M. Mayett.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
FOR RENT-Atartments
CLIFF APARTMENTS

On the cliff next to the Court house - ''The Cozy Corner of Juneau" 2, 3, 4 room apart ments, fully furnished for housekeeping. Clean and re- spectable. Suitable for small families, ladies or gentlemen. Each apartment a home by It. self. Strictly private in every respect, including linen, lights, baths, etc. Telephone services. Warm and comfortable. Rates $10 and up.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
INFERIOR MERCHANT WEDs

Jack B. Reagh. for many years one of the owners and managers of the Dominion Commercial Company of Dawson and Fairbanks and now one of the owners of the Northern Commercial Company. was recently married in Seattle He expects to make trip into the Interior during the summer.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
CANNERY BOATS IN
 FOR FOURTH OF JULY

The cannery tenders Electric from the Wilson Fisheries at Little Port Walter and the Excursion, from Taku Harbor, are in port today and expect to eremain here for sthe Fourth of July celebration
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
SPECIAL POLICE APPOINTED

Chief of Police T. E. P. Keegan has appointed three men to act as city patrolmen tomorrow, the Fourth of July The men appointed are: Fred Lynch. John l.. Mccormack and Roy Noland.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
Classified Ads
 As58
HE E M PR E
N THE MEDIUM

F N 1dG mGUlUh Through which the general public can always have its wants supplied. Closing time for classified advertisements: 2 P. II.
 JlosinS time for display ad' yert;sements: II A. II.
 CLASSIFIED AID RATES
 Ten cents per line frst in. pertion. Five cents for subsequent in- pcrtion. Count i've average words to the hne.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
FISHING BOAT IN

The fishing boat Anna H. arrived in port Saturday night with 1000 pounds of salmon. The salmon was taken by the Juneau Cold Storage plant.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
PETROLEUM II HERE

The Standard Oil Company boat Petroleum II arrived at the company dock Sunday afternoon. The boat will be in port until after July 4.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
PETREL IN

The U. s. Fisheries boat Petrel, Captain Earle Hunter, arrived in port Saturday.sA
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
ARMY SHIRTS. $3.50.

You can get a genuine. all-wool Khaki army shirt now for $3.5O at he store of H. s. Graves, "The Tlothing Man" adv.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03
JUDGE REED CANCELS SiTKA
 TRIP WITH ELkS' OFFICIAuS S

Judge T. NJ Reed Saturday aban- doned plans to go to Sitka with the Elks' officers. who left yesterday morning to initiate a class of 20 candidates at that place He was unable to go on account of a hearing scheduled to take place in the Dis trict Court here this morning
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-07-03

New styles Tn engraved calling cards at The Empire office. Prices reduced.