New-York tribune., 1922-11-04

With the deposition Of Mohammed
Wahid Ed-din, known as Mohammed
VI. ends one OF the oldest dynasties
and oldest empires in the world. 1t
was thirteen centuries ago on July 16
last that the Mohammedan Era began,
with the Hejira or flight Of the
Prophet from Mecca to Medina. It
was in 1927, or COS years ago, that the
tribe of Ottoman Turks first came into
notice under the leadership of Oghuz,
son of Kara Khan: when several thou
sand of them, driven from Central
Asia by the Mongols, sought refuge in
the Seljuk Cultanate of Konia. Being
repulsed, they turned back eastward; !;
their leader was drowned in crossing
the Euphrates, and under q new
leader, Ertoghrul, son Of Oghuz, they
returned and were permitted to settle
ct Angora. There Ertoghrul died in
1888 and was succeeded by his son
Osman. from whom the tribe there
after took it's name. The Osmanli or
Ottoman Empire may be dated from
pire crumbled into ruins.
Osmans son Orkhan conquered
Brusa, or Broussa, in 1926; in 1855
Orkhan's son Suleiman, crossed the
Straits and established an Ottoman
fortress at Galllpoli, and soon after the
famous-or infamous-corps Of janis
saries was established, composed of
captured Christians. Orkhan's son
Murad captured Adrianople in 1881
and made it the capital of the empire.
In 1889. the battle of Kossovo was
fought, in which the Serbian Emperor,
Lazarus, and the Ottoman Sultan,
Murad, both perished, and as a result
OF which the Turks gained control of
most Of the Balkan Peninsula.
Survives Tartar Victory
Tinur Leng, the Tartar, came from
Samarkand, and in the great battle of
Angora in 1402 almost annihilated the
Turkish Empire, but it survived and
soon resumed the aggressive in Europe
From 1882 to 1448 they were battling
with Janos Hunyadi in Hungary. In
1853 the siege of Constantinople, which,
had been undertaken internationally for
many years preceding, was resumed in
earnest, and on May 20 of that year the
byzantine capital fell and Mohammed
II the Conqueror entered in triumph, on
the next Friday transformed the
Church of Santa Sophia into mosque
and made the City of Constantine the
capital Of the Mahometan world.
The zenith of Ottoman power was
reached under Suleiman the Munif-
cent, in the middle of the sixteenth CEN
tury, when the Turkish Empire extend
ed from the frontiers of Germany to
| those of Persia, and in Africa from
the Sinaitic Peninsula to the Pillars of
Hercules. Thereafter internal dissen-
sions and corruption slowly but stead
lily caused decay and disintegration
| greatly promoted by the rising power
and remorseless aggressions of Russia
At the close of the Napoleonic wars
Mehemet Ali made Egypt all but inde-
pendent. The Greek revolt secured the
independence Of that country in 1929
| After the Crimean War new era
seemed to have dawned for what was
left of Turkey, that empire being then
for the first time admitted as an equal
to the European family of nations
But in 1861 Abd-ul-Aziz became Sultan
and embarked upon career Of un-
paralleled financial extravagances
which hastened the empire toward
bankruptcy.
The Bulgarian atrocities" exposed
Gahan and Eugene Schuyler, in
! 1875-76, reused the wrath Of Europe
end provoked intervention. Abdul
Aziz was deposed and committed
suicide. and Murad V. reigned in his
place. Rumania declared war and was
Joined by Russia, and at the Congress
of Berlin in 1878 the Ottoman Empire
in Europe was reduced to mere frag-
| ment of its former extent. Meantime