The Neshoba Democrat., 1922-02-09
some ASPECTS or the
FARMERS PROBLEMS
BY Bernard NJ Bnruch
(Reprinted +. ON Atlantic Monthly


paralleled volume and intensity of de-
termined, If not angry, protest, and an
ominous swarming of occupational con-
ferences, interest groupings, political
movements and propaganda Such a
turmoil cannot but arrest our atten-
tion. Indeed, it demands our careful
study and examination. 1t is not like
ly that six million aloof and ruggedly
independent men have come together
and banded themselves into active
unions, societies, farm bureaus, and so
forth, for no sufficient cause.
Investigation of the subject conclu-
sively proves that, while there is much
overstatement of grievances and mis-
conception of remedies, the farmers
are right in complaining of wrongs
long endured, and right in holding that
1t Is feasible to relieve their Ills with
benefit to the rest Of the community.
This being the case of an industry
that contributes in the raw material
tional annual wealth production and
Is the means of livelihood of about 40
per cent of the population, it is OBJ
vious that the subject is one of grave
concern. Not only do the farmers
make up one-half of the nation, but
the well-being of the other half de-
pends upon them.
So long as we have nations, wise
POLITICAL economy will aim at large
degree of national self f-sufiiciency and
self-cOntainment. Rome fell when the
food supply was too far removed from
the belly. Like her, we shall destroy
our own agriculture and extend our
sources of food distantly and precari-
Ously, If we do not see to 1t that our
farmers are well and fairly paid for
their services. The farm gives the
nation men as well as food. Cities
derive their vitality and are forever
renewed from the country, but an i'm
poverished countryside exports inteln-
gence and retains unintelligence.
Only the lower grades of mentality
and character will remain on, or seek,
the farm, unless agriculture is capable
of being pursued with contentment and
adequate compensation. Hence, to en-
bitter and impoverish the farmer Is to
dry up and contaminate the vital
sources Of the nation.
The war showed convincingly how
dependent the nation is on the full
productivity of the farms. Despite
herculean efforts, agricultural produc-
tion kept only few weeks or months
ahead Of consumption, and that only
by increasing the acreage of certain
staple crops at the cost of reducing
that of Others We ought not to for
get that lesson when we ponder on
the farmers problems. They are truly
common problems, and there should
be no attempt to deal with them as
If they were purely selfish demands
of a clear-cut group, antagonistic to
the rest of the community. Rather
should we consider agriculture in the
light Of broad national policy, just
as we consider oil, coal, Steel dye
stuffs, and so forth, as sinews of ma
| tional strength. Our growing poPula-
tion and higher standard of living
demand Increasing food supplies, and
more wool, cotton, hides, and the rest
With the disappearance of free or
cheap fertile land, additional acreage
and increased yields can come only
from costly effort. This we need not
expect from an impoverished or un-
happy rural population.
1t will not do to take narrow view
Of the rural discomfort, or to appraise
1t from the standpoint of yesterday
This is peculiarly an age of, fiux and
change and new deals. Because a
thing always has been SO no longer
means that it is righteous, or always
shall be so. More, perhaps, than ever
before, there Is widespread feeling
| that all human relations can be i'm
proved by taking thought, and that it
| Is not becoming for the reasoning ami
NAL to leave his destiny largely to
chance and natural incidence.
Prudent and orderly adjustment of
| production and distribution in accord
ance with consumption is recognized
| as WISE III CNCly UuSlA0SS
but that of farming. Yet, I venture
| to say, there Is no other industry in
which it Is so important to the pub
lic--to the city-dweller-that produc
| tion should be sure, steady, and In.
creasing, and that distribution should
| be in proportion to the need The un-
organized farmers naturally act blind
| ly and impulsively and in conse-
| quence, surfeit and dearth, accompa-
MED by disconcerting price-variations
| harass the consumer One year. pota.
| toes rot in the fields because Of excess
production, and there Is a scarcity of
| the things that have been displaced
| to make way for the expansion of the
potato acreage; next year the punish
| ed farmers mass their fields on some
other crop, and potatoes enter the
| class of luxuries; and so on
Agriculture is the greatest and fun
damentally the most important Of our
| American industries The cities are