davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

There are now 4,120 leaders Of boys and
girls clubs. Club members are setting
the pace in yields Of grain; they are raising
the kind of pigs, calves, and sheep that
win prizes at state and national live stock
shows. They are learning to sew, can
and prepare foods, and beautify their
homes, They are not only learning
scientific farming and housekeeping but
large part Of their work is to demon
strate these progressive methods to others.
At the same times they are producing
wealth. In 1920 there were 331 900 men,
bers who produced $685., ,0o2 worth of
products.
These boys and girls will be farmers
Of the next generation and their interest
in remaining on the farm will not only be
stimulated but the profession will be ele-
waited by the new ideas which the Farm
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10
Farm Bureau a Dirt
farmers Organization

The Farm Bureau is absolutely dirt
farmers organization. In order to keep
its record straight, one Of the State Farm
Bureau Federations recently conducted =
survey among county farm bureau presi-
dents to ascertain their farming activities.
Only one of the whole list was not actually
working his farm; he had been farming As
years and owns a 3,0OO-acre farm over
which he. has supervision. Although he
is entitled to rest, he is giving freely Of
his time to Fasm Bureau work These
county farm bureau presidents had been
farming an average OF more than 2o years.
The shortest period Of farm life for anyone
was 6 years, and the longest 46 years.
Twelve Of the list have held no public
positions. Others have served their COM
munities in such capacities as township
supervisor, school treasurer, township
constable, president of school board, presi
dent Of shipping association, county COM
missioner, president of farmers telephone
company and state LEGISLATOR.
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

serious than this, is the enormous economA 4
loss due to the breakage of more than FIVE
million dollars worth of eggs every year.
The Transportation Department has sent
out bulletin to all the states and agri-
cultural papers calling attention to the
need of very carefully packing egg ship
ments, and is also preparing to take further
steps to reduce this loss, which in the end,
illogical as it may seem, is taken from the
pocketbook both of the consumer and of
the farmer.
Faulty refrigeration in the transporta7
ton Of perishable products Of the farm
causes loss to the farmer and to the pub
lie of not less than two million dollars per
year. Every possible means is being
used to persuade the carriers to increase
their supply Of refrigerator cars and also
to improve our present methods of hand
ling products.
A Conference Held.
A transportation conference was held
In Chicago last October. At this meeting
the representatives of the various organi-
cations worked out definite program of
work to be undertaken by the national
organization, as well as by the state organ
izations, which would avoid duplication.
and overlapping of effort. In general,
the Transportation Department Of the
national organization is to confne itself
to national problems and to collect in
formation on such subjects as inland
waterways; motor truck transportation;
Improvements which will add to the safety,
economy and speed of transportation, and
to serve as clearing house of information
for the states. The states through their
transportation departments are to handle
all local questions, to serve as sources of
information for the national office and
to handle all immediate problems of the
farmers, such as claims, securing equip
ment, elevator side tracks, stockyards,
etc. At the same time a careful program
of cooperation was arranged so that either
the state or national organization can
secure the assistance of the other.
Organized Department.
The Transportation Department of the
American Farm Bureau Federation was
established in June, 1920, with Clifford
Thorne as director and c. B. Hutchings
as traffic manager. The impetus to or
ganize this department came from des-
peration Of the farmers during the car
shortage Of the west. ~ During July and
August of 1920, 100000 box cars we're
ordered sent into western territory and
thirty-fve lake boats were induced to
carry grain TO Buffalo on their way out to
sea.
The Transportation Department has
been continuously before the Interstate
Commerce Commission. hearings ever
SINCE
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

These savings were brought about in
several ways. The Farm Bureau got
railroad valuations for the purpose of com
putting guaranteed earnings reduced by
the sum Of 81, 00,00O,000. This of course
resulted in an annual saving Of per cent
on that amount or $1O2 100000. The
Farm Bureaus arguments in the grain
and live stock cases won the day, and
saved the farm shippers another 800, ,000,-
600 on their annual freight bill. Then a
petition was fled demanding immediate
reductions in freight rates On basic neces-
stiles of life, to be followed by further re-
duction as fast as savings in operating
expenses could be effected. This was fol-
lowed almost at once by the railroads an
nouncing voluntary reduction of 10 per
cent on agricultural commodities, a clear
saving of another $43 100000 The ac-
tivities of the state Farm Bureaus in Sc
curing intrastate reductions on limestone,
fruit, molasses, ETC., have saved the ship
pers at least enough to make up grand
total OF billion year, or $50 per farm.
State Bureaus Active.
Much has been accomplished by the
state Farm Bureau acting in cooperation
with the American Farm Bureau in bring
ing about revisions OF railroad rules and
regulations affecting farm products. For
instance, it seemed wise to make an
effort for substantial reduction in rates
on agricultural limestone within a state
as test case which other states might
follow. At the request of the Traffic
Manager OF the American Farm Bureau
Federation worked out scale of rates.
The railroads accepted it; it is lower than
any other scale on agricultural limestone
within the United States and is being used
by majority Of the lines in several states.
The Traffic Department has also made
special survey of the rates on agricultural
limestone in the southeast, the benefits
of which are available to all the states in
that section.
A history of the rates on cattle, hogs,
sheep, horses, wheat, corn, oats, barley,
hay, eggs, poultry, butter, cheese and wool
has been prepared by this Department,
together with history Of the prices on
these articles at the various markets for
the Congressional Joint Commission of
Inquiry.
Egg Breakage.
Another problem is the transportation
Of eggs which are today usually shipped
in honeycomb filters, whose protective
power depends almost entirely upon the
very weak tips. The railroads prohibit
the use Of secondhand filters, but find it
absolutely impossible to police the situa-
ton. The result is that large numbers of
the shippers use these secondhand filters
and then find it impossible to collect any
claims from the railroads. But, more
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10
BEET GROWERS
CONFERENCE

One Of the seven commodity marketing
meetings called by the Farm Bureau was
sugar-beet conference, which drew grow
ers from Ohio, Michigan Indiana, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, and
Utah, and was held in Chicago on January
17-18, 1921. At this conference it was
planned to evolve the United States Beet
Growers Federation into a national CO.
operative beet marketing association
The conference also recommended
nationally uniform contract as between
sugar companies and the growers
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10
En- dorses Great Lakes
To the Sea

The plan to doctor the St. Lawrence
river so that ocean ships can dock and
unload at Chicago, Duluth and other Lake
ports Of the middle west is a present
protege of the American Farm Bureau.
Farmers are enthusiastic, for it is reducing
the rail haul and then by cutting the
freight charges will give them more for
their products. Grain can be delivered
without expensive transfer to other car
riers, to all ends OF the world Trans
portation by water is FIVE times as cheap
as by rail. It Is figured that middle west
wheat can be laid down on the Liverpool
markets ten cents bushel cheaper than
it can now.
1t is proposed that the United States
and Canada cooperate in this great
undertaking, sharing in an initial ex-
pense of $252, 900 for deepening the
St. Lawrence river and enlarging the
canals around its rapids. Engineers have
figured that the hydro-electric power that
will be subsequently developed can pay
for the whole project in fifty years
transportation is prohibitively costly
at the present time because the crowded
condition of New York and other At
.lantic seaports necessitates much ware
housing and loading and unloading Of
goods at those terminals
The addition of new seaports would
relieve this congestion. By building a
canal across Illinois from Lake Michigan
at Chicago to the Mississippi river at St.
Louis, the United States would autonat-
ically create seaports at Kansas City,
Memphis, New Orleans, Louisville, Gin
cinnati, Minneapolis St. Paul, Milwaukee,
Chicago, Duluth, St. Louis, Detroit,
Columbus and Buffalo It is estimated
that the saving to the farmers Of the rich
middle west would run up into the bill
lions of dollars year.
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

I nod American citizens, we each have def'-
III functions to perform. If we are
.e.rhers. we must look carefully to the
h,,siue,s Of teaching; if we are farmers, we
nust g devote ourselves earnestly to the
dyelopment Of agriculture.
ss I'VE frequently hear that there is an
/ alarming amount Of unrest among the
Il ,ronle 81 the world today. May we not
4 & ronrIude that our present unrest is sign
4 d pfogressf
..The Universities of this nation are the
naential leaders in the nations thought;
Ihe American Farm Bureau Federation
and the Agricultural Colleges are the po-
ttential leaders of agricultural thought.
] il We live up to the challenge Of service
isit not possible so to direct the present
I day tendency critically to examine con
\ sditions under which we are living, to the
epdsthat NOT disaster but progress will
1esultl For ages wise statesmen and
economists have been telling US that ma
tipns must maintain self sun c;,1cy in
7 fhe necessities. Of life. This is only an
other way Of saying that our national
agriculture must be made sufficient and
reasonably satisfying for both producers
and consumers How best to 90 this Is
t1e real challenge before us. If we Meet
Ii, the value Of the service rendered is in
sakulable. We are in tie main nation
of indiyidualists and in our ambition to
advance our individual interests we some
times combine with others to the mutual
advantage Of those so organized. This
tendency has been highly developed in
crrtain commercial undertakings In fact,
ito over-deyelopment has caused US to
rex ways and means of checking abuses
that have become evident Antitrust
legislation and other regulatory measures
resulted
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

Many people feel about the Farm
Bureau as they do about church:
that it is splendid thing for the
community: they would be sorry if
it should fail. They hope that
somebody else will see that-it keeps
going-keep it around handy. May
be if it gets to be real good thing
they will want to join sometime.
Shucks!
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

The Committee of Eleven has organized
itself into subcommittee and assigned to
each definite study. The Milk Market
ing Committee is studying the various
plans now followed in territories adjacent
to the big cities. 1t is endeavoring to get
an accurate understanding of the successful
and unsuccessful features Of each regional
organization.
The Butter and Cheese Committee will
study the cooperative creamery, the local
creamery. the cooperative centralizer
and the cooperative cheese factory and
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

Pntg
tm
Food H c.
HnnsA
sAuua
O ah for eli ypoducs
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10
. Keeping the Boys on the Farm:
Farm Bureaus Biggest Interest Is
Farm BOYS and Girls

FIER ALL the biggest interest of the American
boys and girls The Farm Bureau has large child welfare
program In practically every County the United
States girls clubs have been being organized
leaders placed in charge.
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

N-NA ~1
are proud of its
accomplish men is.
viii we be as proud
of our record in the
future as we are Of
our record in the
past? Do we have
the right view
point2 Are we ap-
preaching our
problems from the
proper angle?
There is no
room in America
today for prejudice
or ~lnlproper con-
sCiousne we
must be American
citizens, first, last
and all the time. AS
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10
CUTTING DOW N
FREIGHT RATES
THE FARM BUREAU AND THE
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

fHE farmers happiness and his pocketboo both intimately
tied the problem of transportation It has
farmers their entire market The
been effective total Of third billion dollars per year
saved the farmers freight bills every year you average
farmer this at least $50 for pay
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

|also the attempts at federation. 1t will
also investigate the cream selling organi-
cations and study the markets where the
bulk Of the butter and cheese is handled.
The Dairy By-Products Committee will
investigate the manufacture Of all kinds
of by-products of milk 1t will see
whether it is not possible to develop new
uses for these products and new markets.
The Committee on Cooperative Ad-
vertising and Publicity will obtain the
best thought on dairy publicity by inviting
leading authorities along these lines to
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

ouo,e than a million farm families are
= ho,s Mo of the American Farm Bureau
St. Tammany farmer., 1922-06-10

counsel with the Committee. The Com
mittee will endeavor to determine the
best form of organization and the best
means of financing the advertising of dairy
products. The Committee on Co-opera-
tive Laws will investigate existing CO
operative laws of the various states so
that the Committee OF II will know that
plans made will function in all states.
The day when the Farmers Dairy
Marketing Committee of II reports will
be the greatest day in the hisotyr of Ameri-.
can dairying.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
ADJUSTING THE TAX BURDEN

The resolution to amend The federal con-
stitution forbidding the issuance of tax-free
securities by national and state governments
Is based on a sound principle of economics
The resolution Is too sweeping, however,
for it should apply only to national securi-
ties, leaving to the states the option with
regard to state and municipal bonds Con-
gress is primarily concerned with the ma
tional revenues, and the resolution should
affect state securities only with respect to
federal taxation.
Those opposed to the resolution in its
general aspects sallege that there would be
no relief in the tax burden because the in
terest on such bonds would rise to offset
the resulting tax, and the people would have
to pay this increase. A little figuring, how
ever, will show that investments in securi-
ties cannot escape proportionate share OF
the additional interest, no matter how high
it may be. Furthermore, interest on ma
tional bonds will not rise above prevailing
rates of interest, while, on the contrary, it
is very likely that interest 2p such bonds will
occupy lower level than prevailing rates,
for the simple reason that the security of
federal bonds is unimpeachabe.
The result of the abolition of exemptions
from federal taxation will thus distribute
the tax burden and eventually will reduce
the federal tax rate. In consequence, the
entire property valuation of the nation viii
bear lighter burden. 1t appears that,
with the state securities left out of the case.
the resolution is sound and worthy of pub
lie support.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
THE FOUNDATION OF HEALTH

Influenza, which is reported in many parts
of Alabama, is also said to be spreading in
Georgia, although in mild form. 1t will
be recalled that when the first influenza
epidemic took heavy toll of life in the
United States, having been brought, it Is
believed, from some foreign country, ply
sicians predicted that it would recur for
several years, but would probably be de-
creasingly fatal in its effects. These pre-
dictions seem to be borne out by the pres
ent type of the disease. 1t is a disagreeabe
complaint and great many people are fail
ing victims to it, but deaths are compara-
lively few. This knowledge has prevented
the public from becoming unduly alarmed,
but it has not removed the necessity for
taking precautions to keep well.
The best protection against influenza and
most Of the other diseases that afflict hui
mainly is obedience to the fundamental laws
of health. Cleanliness, fresh air, exercise,
regular habits and careful avoidance Of
excess lay the foundation for resistance %
disease. When the human system is run
down or weakened from any cause, it be-
comes an easy prey to prevailing ailments.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
----------------------et -
PRIVACY ON PULLMANS
From the Pullman News.

From the Pullman News
How many Pullman passengers of today
recall the time when certain sections in
standard sleeping cars were curtained off,
day as well as night, from the vulgar gaze?
They would appear strange nowadays, yet
they existed around 1886, and were the
idea of Mr.. H. H. Sessions. The end sec
tions of car had permanent metal frames,
silver plated, on which curtains were draped,
enabling the occupants to have the privacy
of drawing room at a lesser price. Appar-
emily American human nature then, as now,
preferred the opportunity of looking about
on fellow travellers in the day time, because
the day curtained sections were not popu-
lar and were quickly abandoned.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
A Timely Editorial
Farm Exploitation Enda

From the Louisville Courier-J Journal
1--WE have come to the end of the
period of the exploitation of agricul-
ture. The farmer no longer hopes
to profit solely from an increase
in the value of his land" These two
sentences, uttered by the federal
Secretary of Agriculture at the
Washington meeting of the National
Council of Cooperative Marketing
associations, constitute the keynote
of the movement the meeting repre-
sents.
A general and considerable adj
safe long-term investments, but the
landowner has had actually less an
nual profit than he seems to have
had when sale shows that the land
has brought twice as much per acre
as it brought twenty years ago. A
typical farm has improvements
which represent large part of its
value. The cost of maintenance
and improvements, rarely included
in a farmers bookkeeping, is likely
to amount in twenty years to a
large part of the original invest
ment. Yet when the farm is sold
the superficial view is that the far
mer who bought his hundred acres
for $4,000 when he was 25 years
old and at As sold it for $4,000
doubled his money in addition to
making a living for twenty years
as the operator of his plant. As a
matter of fact he may have sold
his farm for not a great deal more
than the original cost plus his in
vestment in improvements and his
maintenance expense.
If farmer with an original in
vestment Of $4,000 has been fortu-
nate enough to earn net per
cent upon that amount for twenty
years, and has invested in improve
ments in the course of that period
$4,000, and then sells for $4,000,
the profit upon his investment, as 4
result of the increased value of the
land, is by no means 100 per cent,
or 5 per cent year, while the re-
turn upon his personal efforts has
been practically nothing. That,
numerous investigations have shown,
has been about the average expo
rience of the small farmer in the
last twenty-year period. The far
mer is entitled to return upon his
work, as we'll as a return upon his
investment. He has had, up to this
time, modest return upon his in
vestment, with return upon his
work somewhat less, in the typical
case, than the monthly wages of his
hired man.
The great agrarian movement
nows under discussion in Washing
ton has as its aim the procurement
of return for the farmer upon his
work. That return he is going to
procure.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
PROGRESS IN NAVAL SCRAPPING

Information transmitted to Congress by
Secretary DENLY shows that the nations
signatory to the naval treaty are disposed
to mark time on their scrapping program
until the treaty has been ratified by all the
powers concerned. The United States, Great
Britain, Japan, France and Italy have all
made some progress toward disarmament but
the vessels they have scrapped, sold or other
wise disposed Of are chiefly obsolete yes
sells, or ships not included in the treaty.
According to the secretarys report, the
United States and Japan will not complete
the scrapping of any existing capital ships
until the treaty is promulgated, but they
have stopped work on their building pro-
grams for capital ships. Great Britain is
getting rid Of number Of larger warships,
but they are Of older types. The United
States has also decommissioned all completed
ships affected by the treaty, with the ex-
cepton of the Connecticut, which will short
ly be put out of commission. The Maine and
Missouri, two famous battleships in their
time, have been sold and are being broken
up. Japan has done some preliminary work
toward dismantling first-line ships, but will
not break up their hulls or sink them until
the treaty is ratified by all the powers AL
though neither France nor Italy was requir-
ed by the terms of the treaty to scrap any
completed vessels, France has had one bat
tleship wrecked, Italy has lost one in the
same way, has sold one ship under construc-
ton and Cancelled contracts for three others.
Most Of the powers have disposed of or re-
tired number of smaller vessels, but, while
it is gratifying to know that at least start
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
"The Drudgery of It"
By REV. H. C. OFFERMf.N


After all, great deal of just
plain drudgery is necessary for
success.
Whatever You do, keep on work
ing.
In order that you NAV reach out
after larger sum of happiness,
you must have the capacity Of long
and continued work and effort.
If you are happy in your work,
reach out after more; you can al
ways stand little bit more.
Put your whole effort into every
thing. and keep your eye on the ac-
complishment of the result.
Everything must have solidity.
We must be able to touch it.
The love of God will be yours, if
YOU love work.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-21
- s---------
ONIONS AND AUTHORITY

From the New York Times.
Next after hard boiled eggs M.
Clemenceau made the American
public familiar with onion soup.
But all that is purely material, only
a question Of restoring the tissues
and keeping them in health. Far
above any such association with
the onion is the dictum, or meta
phor, of one Of our high-soaring
and untrammeled poets. Writing
of one whom he rather vaguely de-
scribes as an infallible authority on
literature, art and all life, he says
that this genius speaks 'from the
very center of the onion" This may
mean to convey that his ideas carry
far, in the spirit Of what George
Eliot wrote about "the waftings of
that energetic bulb" In any event,
the appearance of this smile is
worth nothing if only as reminder
of what all those who desire to be
Sin the movement" have to keep
up with. Possibly we have here the
dim beginnings of adumbrations, we
may say odors, of new and rev J
lutionary onion-philosophy.