davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
more WOMEN WORK FOR LIVING
r. Than CENSUS FIGURES DISCLOSE
Papabk Errors Detected by Labor Department May Lead to
Chanes Next Time in Methods Of Enumeration.

A situation which may result in
changing the methods of enumerat-
ing women by the census has been
uncovered by the women's bureau of
the department of labor. In an Off
cial report which is being issued,
the women's bureau points out that
the total of bread-winning women is
in excess of the census figures. and
that important data vitality affecting
the economic status of women work.
ers has been collected by the census
and buried in government archives.
simultaneously, the General Fed
GRAFTON of Women's clubs is initial
ing movement of protest in every
state In the union, claiming that the
census not only under estimates the
number Of women workers, but that
it is at fault in listing housewives
as unemployed"
The report of the women's bureau
is based on survey which it has
made in Passaic, N. j., in which it
AcS AASSOu SsOO "O1uSE1 anu girls dS
bread-winners, number more than
1000 in excess Of that given by the
1920 census. The difference in fig
ures is due to the fact that the CEN
sus lists as bread-winners only those
women whose method Of earning IS
their main source of income, while
the bureau took the women who are
employed in gainful occupatinos,
such as renting rooms or caring for
boarders in their own homes. Apply
ing similar method to the entire
country would considerably raise the
1920 census figures of 8,549,511 wo-
men bread-winners, or one-fifth of
the total woman population Of the
nation.
Reveals Amazing Conditions.
The data which the women's bu-
reau has secured relating to these
women workers reveals some amaz-
ing conditions. The states are giving
pensions to widowed mothers to en-
able them to stay. at home with their
children, but in Passaic, hundreds of
mothers are going to work each day,
leaving at home children under S,
in the care of older children, or to
the kindly but intermittent offices
of neighbors. The wages of men are
based on the assumption Of family
needs, but in Passaic, hundreds of
women, paid on the basis of their
own individual needs, are support
ing parents, sisters or children.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18

Data such as this for the etnire
country is in the possession of the
Bureau of the Census, declares the
women's bureau; in fact, much
money is spent by the Bureau of the
Census periodically collecting the
data" but, Except for the bulletin
published nearly a quarter Of a CEN
tury ago, these fundamental. facts
concerning the entire body Of bread
winning women have gone into the
archives of the government unpub-
lished. Hundreds Of thousands of
dollars are spent by public and pri-
vate agencies to get this same in
formation as a basis for much-need-
ed intensive studies, such studies be-
ing confined necessarily to selected
groups in selected localities"
The Passaic survey shows that
nearly one-half Of the adult Woman
population is in gainful occupations.
One-half Of these women were or
had been married. Nearly three
fuorths of the married or once-n1ar-
ried women. bread-winners were
mothers. More than one-half the
mothers were working outside the
home and more than one-half of
those working outside the home had
children under five years old.
Facts Challenge Attention.
The facts challenging attention
with relation to-: these mothers of
young children under five years old,
officials Of the bureau give as,
"Over one-fifth of the mothers
worked at night; caring for the chill
dren in the intervals Of rest during
the day. Nearly one-fifth left chill
dren with neighbors, landladies, or
boarders. Another fifth left children
with relatives, a: goodly proportion
living outside the home. Over one
tenth Of the mothers left children in
the care of husbands, who were
night workers, unemployed or work.
ing at home. More than one-fifth left
the children virtually without care
in the home.' !
Leading directly to the question as
to how large a'wage was paid to the
husbands are the figures revealing
that less than 5 per cent of the mar
rled women were sole bread winners,
IS per cent being in families where
there was second bread-winner,
usually husband, and 10 per cent
being in, families where there were
two other bread-winlers besides
themselves.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
LOSSES FROM STRIKE To
MAINTAIN FREIGHT Rates

When the railroad shop mems
strike was at it's height, rail man.
ayers assured the public: "Poof!
This is nothing. Business as usual"
Reports by "hard-boiled" eastern
rail managers who led the fight show
that for September their operating
expenses increased 1877 per cent
over those of the same period in
1921. The cost of the strike is made
more impressive by the added state
ment that in September the roads
expended $120,00O,O00 for mainte-
nance of equipment, an increase of
1877 per. cent. over the same month
g. year ago.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
BIG SMELLING TRUST GETS
GOOD PRICES and PROFITS

The American smelling and re-
filming company has advanced lead
prices fraction of cent per
pound. This trust recently divided a
bond issue Of $7,50o,00o, bearing
about ~ per cent interest among
insiders" In advertising the bond
issue, merely ''as a matter of re-
cord" the trust said:
During the past 10h years the
company has charged off to depre-
citation and depletion $37,651,339.
and has paid $77,259,244.35 in cash
dividends"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
SEWING MACHINE PROFITS
. RUN into MANY MILLIONS

The Singer manufacturing COM
pany will issue stock dividend of
33 1-3 per cent. This will increase
the capital stock from $4,000 900
to $120,000,000. The company has
nine sewing machine plants in this
country and other parts of the
world. The company has made a
remarkable record of cash dividends
the last 20 years that has ranged
from Z per cent to 100 per cent. The
100 per cent cash divide end was paid
in 1899, the year prior to the dec
laration of a 200 per cent stock
dividend. In most years, however,
cash dividends ranged between 10
and 20 per cent.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
COAL RETAILERS ADMIT ROBBERY
OF MILLIONS BY WEIGHT CHEATING
National Association Of Retail Coal Merchants Resolve 10
Make II Hot for Dealers who DeIaud Small Consumers.

b. Eighty per cent of the poor. peo-
Eple of the country are robbed of
Hundreds of thousands Of dollars
annually through short weight" says
a resolution adopted by the Board
Of Directors and the Executive Com
mittee of the National Association
of Retail Coal Merchants.
The coal retailers ought to know
what goes on in their own business.
Examination into the facts by the
International Labor News Service in
dicates that actual conditions are
even worse than the confessions of
the retailers. The retail robbery is
estimated at $250,000,00O annually
and the number of househo!ders who
know that they are being robbed is
negligible. The National Association
explains why in its resolution:
Goal is cumbersome and bought
seldom" reads the resolution. 1T
is impracticable for householders to
have big scales at home and there
fore crooked coal dealers take ad-
vantage Of shortage periods and un-
der the pretense of serving the poor
people at cut prices, these crooked
dealers deliver 1900 pounds, instead
of ton of 1000 pounds. If coal is
SIG a ton, the customer is robbed
OF 81"
The outrageous prices charged
those who buy coal by the basket
has nothing to do with this story,
which concerns those who buy by
the ton. There is no discrimination
by crooked dealers in favor of
wealthy customers. When a. dealer
Is able to sell 81 tons out Of car
loan of 4S tons there is something
wrong, something for investigation
by the United States Coal commits
sion. 1t is believed that such an in
vestigation will be made, and the
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
WALL STREET IS ASSURED
OF RAILROAD DIVIDENDS

This bit of Wall street gossip Is
interesting, in view of the oft-re-
peated statement that railroad earn
ings are not guaranteed:
although it is I popularity sup
posed the 5A per cent represents
the maximum amount that railroads
are supposed to earn on their VAL
uation, railway executives maintain
that the 6 per cent rate specified in
the first ruling has been suppressed
ed, and that therefore, the higher
rate is to be accepted as the mini
num-"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18

retail coal dealers have named a
committee Of five to represent the
National association in the .investiga-
ton. The association directs it's criti-
cism against those who cut prces.
but the blame for short weight resist
upon a large number who do not
pretend to cut prices.
According to figures on the con-
sumption Of coal in the United States
prepared by the Geological Survey
In response to requests for such in
formation, householders buy $780,
600 tons Of bituminous coal annual
ly and 100000 tons Of anthracite
coal. If 80 per cent Of this is sold
at short weight for So and SIG re-
spectively, the public is mulcted to
the sum Of $3.50, 100000. =:
Large consumers Of coal have long
since ceased buying coal on faith.
They not only have scales to- check
every ton of coal delivered but the
larger industrial consumers test it
and buy according to heat units.
They have found through costly ex-
perience that anything that looked
black would be sold as coal unless
the consumer be sold as coal unless
the consumer protected himself. The
old maxim LET he<buyer beware"
seems to be favorite in the coal
trade and since the big buyers are
all bewaring, the little buyer, the
householder is getting trimmed
When the. United States govern
ment buys coal it specifies that the
coal must be dry and practically
free from slate, dirt. sulphur. and
other foreign substances, subject to
the usual inspection and test and
must weigh 2,24O pounds per ton"
The householder, pays for 1000
pounds, but is lucky, according to
the retailers own statement, if he
gets 1900 pounds delivered.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
MINIMUM WAGE BOARD.

The tnewamintmum wage board Of
Alberta, Canada, includes Mrs. Har-
riet j. Ingram, president Of the Gar
ment Workers union Of Edmonton.
The board is now classifying indus
tries of Alberta for the purpose Of
arranging meetings of representa-
tives Of employers and employed IN
the various cities. ~
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18

STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
st. Louis Districe Court, Eleventh
Judicial District.
Mulcastre Iron. Company.
Antonio Catonzaro, Carolina Cation
faro. Tamma Fracassi, and "also all
otner persons unknown, claiming
any right, title, estate, lien or in
forest in tho real estate described
In the complaint herein"
defendants.
named defendants: >.
You, and each of YOU, are herebv
summoned and required to answer the
above entitled action, which COM
PLANT is on file in the office Of the
Louis County, Minnesota, at his Of
ice in the Court House. in the city
OF Duluth. in said County and State.
ana TO serve a. copy Of your answer
20 SAID complaint on the subscribers
ing, Duluth, Minnesota, within twen-
ty t2o) days after the service of this
summons upon you, exclusive Of the
DAY or such service and If you fail
20 answer the said complaint within
apply to the Court for the relief de-
manded In the complaint herein.
Dated at Duluth, Minnesota. this
18th day of October, 1922:
Attorneys for Plaintiff,
500 Torrey Bldg.
% Duluth, Minnesota.
same parties as in summons i'm
mediately preceding this notice."
Notice Of Lis "Pendens.
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN. That
an action has been commenced in the
above named Court by the above
named plaintiff against the above
named defendants for the purpose Of
Determining the adverse claims of the
fa N and each Of .thems to the
lands. described in the complaint in
said action and for judgment quiet
ing title In the plaintiff in and to
said lands. which lands are described
as. follows, ato-wit: Lots numbered
eight z(8) mine 90 and ten (10), in
block numbered four a., First Addi-
ton to Bull, according to the re-
corded plat thereof on file and Of
record in the office of the Registrar
Of Titles in and for st. Louis County.
Minnesota. r te.s,<#E. ss 4 -: -
Notice Is also given that no per-
sona1 Judgment IL sought against any
Of said defendants. IF 81 = d. 50
Dated at Duluth. Mimi, this 2Sth
day Of October, 1922. lE.r=E IT,
S<zr ~, Attorneys for Plaintiff, q
a !, ..s,4I hi -. l5E 500 Torrey Bldg,
II Duluth, Minncsota,
1AK. NoY. l-11.la. 1922. az e.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
BROOM MAKERS GAIN.

The International Broom and
Whisk Makers union has renewed
agreements with every union label
shop in the United States. In many
cases improved working conditions
have been secured. The union has
issued new charters to Norwich, On
tario and Louisville, Ky.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
HOW ABOUT sUBsIDIEs?.

Vice President Coolidge made this
statement in & speech in Atlantic
City: ....'.
Neither individuals nor corpora
lions can rely on government sources
for success. Unless they have
within themselves the necessary, ele-
ments to continue to prosperity,
prosperity will not prevail"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18
BUILDING COSTS GO UP.

The level of wholesale prices of
building material rose 1871 per cent
between March and September, the
season of active construction, ac-
cording to nationwide survey by
the department of labor. The SUR
vey covered all principal markets
and materials, including lumber,
brick, steel, cement and hardware.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1922-11-18

GIVES 'ENI EXTRA STOCK.
The Union natural gas company
has declared its usual dividend and
an extra IS per cent stock dividend.
The capital stock is increased to
$20,0OO,OOO.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05

time to take profits, or at least part
Of them, on all firm spots or further
bullish demonstrations. Suffici""t con-
flicting currents have crept ih.j the
general market situation to suggest both
caution and discrimination. The steady
expansion Of loans indicates a reluc-
tance on the part of security holders
to take their profits. which precedent
shows, Is often 4 forerunner Of sharp
reactions. This does not mean to i'm
ply there has been any dangerous ex.
pansion Of stock market loans. but It
does reflect a top. .henvy long account
which is likely to leave the market in
a vulnerable position in the event OF
some unfavorable development.
Hecker 4 Co.-"All things consid-
cred. the market acted very well this
last week. That prices have not as yet
discounted the Improvement in the gen.
eral situation is shown by the behavior
Of the market. which instead Of sharp
ness esch time followed BY activity at
still waiting in vain for a chance to
get in again"
Newhall. Gross 4 Dinenderfer-.
1--WE wish to again point out the fact
that the technical position Of the stock
market has been considerably weakened
by the almost continuous rise in prices.
and that brokers' loans arc now as high
or higher than they have been at any
time. 1t is stated that on May II
brokers' loans amounted to 81 .452 .O0O,.
600, and they are probably as large to-
day. These are the highest figures since
the fall Of 1910. Tie above figures in
dicate an extended speculative position,
and we feel that the time has come to
use extreme caution in making COM
mitments."
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05
CURB SHARES SELL
At CONCESSIONS
Interest Centers in New To-
bacco Products lssues-North
American Steel in Supply

New York. June The market on
the cur5 was marked down in this
mornings trading, fow issues showing
any improvement, while many were
supplied on a large scale at concessions.
Most interest was attached to the
dealings in the new Tobacco Products
shares issued in connection with the
absorption Of United Retail Stores. The
common stock. when issued started at
- and dropped to ,5a. before mid day.
and the preferred sold down from SlM
to ISIs. Other stocks in the tobacco
group were fairly we'll held. Tobacco
Products Exports selling AT 81. to = and
Philip Morris at 106s to 1912.
North American Steel. representing
the corporation formed by the three
company merger. was in supply and
ranged. during the forenoon. from 4Si4
to iir2. Developments N the housing
investigation checked bullish activity
in this stock. Motor stocks were quiet
without special change. Durant Motors
selling at 3IHi and Daniels ut IA,
to II.
The petroleum. stocks were lower in
Nritc Of the advances in crude oil and
gasoline.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05
PHILA. CREDIT MEN GO
TO INDIANAPOLIS MEETING
Local Speakers Are on Annual Con.
vention Program

A large delegation of Philadclphians
is to attend the annual convention of
the National Association OF Credit Men
in indianapolis this week. Several local
credit men are on the program.
William Is. Monroe Is chairman of
the automobile accessory. electrical sup
ply. hardware and allied lines groun
conference. &. NJ. Bolton will deliver
an address on "The Credit Depart.
ment in n Business En- erprise--iIow
Productive Should 1t MI-lIow Should
Its Maximum Of Production BE OBJ
taincd?' j. s. Thomas will report on
the activities Of the Executive Com.
mittce Of the Mercantile Agencies Serv-
ice Dcpartmen II. u. Bailey will
report on the work OF the Bankruptcy
Law Committee. Frcas Il. Snyder IL II
director of the national association.
The following representing the ihila-
delphia Association of Credit Men left
yesterday:
rs.s. T.is . n sEya;I 8 rayol g. L. Ley s.isy aHs.
william u. Munroe. Harry C., Barnes. x.
X, aMs. Hq!ms Glarenss L,s, Kssssr; y; l. s9airk,
t:nSSsS unSsrSown T ir ff'is" Wood % osa "'tS
q, .kimber Jr.. Hora;io Batezeli, Frank p,
II. gossard. J. T. Howsnsts.n. Lewis M.
Sssls. csSsss:'nK K.in.. H'ssTd' 4onss. rS@smfs
i Sssgi,. 'iNSn seylsss aS~ P.Hd =. c.!sen. % ~,
D. Cas- and DsvaS y LssSss;s. y =
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05

Of Indiana had made definite offer for
the control Of the Phillips Petroleum
Company. According to the story. the
Standard Oil OF Indiana had offered one
share Of its stock for two shares OF
Phillips Petroleum. but that officials OF
the latter had refused to accept the
proposition. The suggestion was. made
that perhaps the deal might eventually
be carried through on the basis OF one
and a half shares of Phillips for each
share Of Standard OIL Of Indiana.
The Phillips Petroleum Company is
producing around 10000 barrels OF oil
a day from over 1000 wells located on
1856 different properties and its earnings
are now the largest on record. In May,
the company's net was the largest for
any similar month on record, being at
the annual rate of about $40 share.
N. Y. Central's Conversion Bonds
Much interest was shown in the an
nouncement from Washington that the
New York Central Railroad had ap-
piled to the Interstate Commerce Com
mission for authority to issue go,
OOO, 900 Of refunding and Improvement
mortgage bonds. series c. bearing In
terest at the rate Of 5 per cent.
The purpose Of this undertaking Is
to proyide funds to retire that corpora /.
tion's Z per cent bonds at 1O5 and
thereby effect q saving Of 2 per cent per
annum in interest charges for the road,
which is a factor Of Importance from an
operating point Of view. Not SO very
long ago the Northern Pacific Railway
made application to issue b per cent
Northern Pacific. Great Northern joint
81bs, or to bring about conversion OF the
els into the IS. This action was quite
similar. to that now taken by the New
York Central.
It ia not improbable that numerous
other corporations which have put out
callable bonds at the high interest rates
obtaining a few months ago will initiate
steps similar to those of the New York
Central and the Northern Pacific over u
period Of the next several months.
Copper Consumers Balky
Consumers have shown an inclina.
ton to fight any further advance In the
price Of the. copper metal. Some have
withdrawn from the market. at least
temporarily. and are insisting that they
will not return until the market has been
stabilized at around the prevailing fig
ure. One reason for the halt in price
advances IL the fact that the demand
has fallen off perceptibly.
While. Of course. the situation in the
market Mt present Is different from what
prevailed in the past when efforts were
made to push up prices too rapidly. the
more conservative sellers agree that
the best thing for the industry has been
the falling off in the buying for the time
being. -.
They point out that II consumers had
continued to place orders sorne sellers
would have rushed up prices too fast,
with the result that contest would
have been started with consumers on
one side and sellers on the other, and
this might have developed into a long
drawn .out affair, because many Of the
larger users have covered for their re-
quiren ents for some time ahead.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05
FINANCIAL.

CENTRAL COAL AND COKE CoMPANY
0ooeral Consolidate3 per cent Gold Bonds
Dated April IS. 1902
Woeice Of Gail and r. lemr tion OF All Out.
stsnd ny Bonds
~ All Holders Of AL Outstanding above de.
Notice is hereby given tina, pursun, to
Article Tenth OF the General consoii ted
Mortgage. dated April IS. 1902 of Centrs'
Coal and Coke Company tt ! fcrnsELNuniN
COMPANY tor lnsu-arres % 1I,"s AVID Grant.
trustees, securing the q per cent Gold Bonds
iesued hereunder. said Central Coal and
Coke Company has elected e. exercise its
option to call IN and pav IN on the hrst
Day Of July. Nineteen Twenty-Five. at the
office Of DREXEL 4 co. ath and Chestnut
scnds secured by said General Consolidated
sss,u% s On the pi"f pneira ers'an ,Ssrs"t OF 'ef
Pursuant to this cal, all said outstanding
Pond, ,osy vi, use use to ara In':rs.t ate, Jn!y
for the payment OF said principal said pre-
terest to July First Nineteen Twenty.two
Wiil be deposited with SAT- DRENEI 4 CO.
en or before July First. Nineteen Twenty.
twc; twc; for the Senea, Of the h,,ders of al
lhereatter whether said bonds are presented
for redemption and payment or nct) said
bonds shall be redeemed from the holders
Shereof and said Central Coal and Coke
SHmpany shall be acquitted from all liza.
siity thereon and VIII become entitled to .
f said General Consolidated Mortgage.
rxr rirss ppbilsation May !, ia??. 1922.
BY. Chas: :. Keith. President.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05
PRAYER RADIO TO HEAVEN
Dr.. MeHenry breaches at First
Qpen.AIr Service

Prayer is like sending n wireless to
heaven" the Rev. DR.. II. Cresson Nc
Henry. executive secretary of the Epis.
copal City Mission, told a large COM
pany OF worshipers who braved the hot
sun yesterday afternoon to attend an
open lair service on the site Of the Ca =
thedral Church of Christ on the Park
way.
In these days of scientific wonders.
when messages are carried across land
and sen by Marconi and radio, without
wires, DR.. McHenry said. 1t requires
no stretch Of the imagination to realize
that q prayer from man or woman OH
this earth Is received by God.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-06-05
SHOT IN DEFENDING WIFE
Man May DIE as Result Of Resist.
Ina Housebreakers

Uniontown, Pa. June 5.-(By A.
P.)-Stephen Bell, Of Cool Spring,
three miles north Of here, was seri-
ously wounded yesterday when two
men forced their way into the Bell
home, engaged in an argument with
Mrs. Bell and then shot her husband
when he came to her assistance.
When Bell saw the two men he
change Bell was perhaps fatally
wounded. Milton Boyd and Harold
Martin were arrested by State police
in the vicinity of the Bell home. in
connection with the shooting. Martin
is suffering from a gunshot wound In
the leg.