davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

The wampum makers purchase,
CARLOAD of conch and clam shells
for Is cents, delivered at their
doors, and when a shell OF sufficient
thickness is selected it is broken
with hammer and chisel into cubes
of about two inches in length and.
one-thrd of an inch square. The
piece of she'll is then securely
wedged into a wise made OF two
pieces of wood, connected with
hinge in the center. The jaws OF
The wise are opened and the shells
inserted. Then the wise is closed
tightly and held by pressure
against the grindstone. In TINS
manner, in a short time, the edges
of the She'll are rounded, and then
the drill is brought into use.
The workman sits at a three
legged table, the top OF when IS
fashioned from the half OF log
the under side still retaining the
original bark covering, and afilx-
inc one end of the drill TO play
freely in a button on his jacket,
he next takes up whalebone bow
similar to the kind used by jewel
ers, and, giving the cord a turn
about the spool on the drill, ne
works the bow rapidly back and
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

The second and third generations
Of wampum making Campbells
supplied much wampum to John
Jacob Astor, who used it in buy
ing iurs from the Indians. 1t was
probably Mr.. Astor who opened up
the way for the Campbells' exten-
sive wampum trade on the plains
and in the far west. which has last
ed to the present, although ITS
manufacture is now very rapidly
diving, as the Indians have become
more and more civilized and ac..
customed to the intrinsic value of
the white mans money. Yet some
wampum is still made on the New
Jersey Coast.
A Wampum Workshop
The interior of wampum work
shop is as different as it is possible
TO Be from q regulation mint. In
fact in its primative nature 1t more
nearly resembles limekiln. The
floors are hidden from sight by
great heaps of shells, and the rude
benches and tools are covered en-
tirely with whitc-hying dust as the
shells are being ground and drilled,
and suggests the application OF IA
Vulnerable coats OF whitewash,
which in fact it really is.
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
Unsportsmanlike Fishing
Occasions Much Needless
Destruction Of Lnnocents

, emitting the "stream limit IN TWO,
and as the dollar license contributions
of anglers are not equal to Keeping Il
deputy at every fisher S elbow, 1t comes
up to the true sportsman everywhere
to constitute himself committee OF
one' to prevent this utterly lndetensi-
BILE and reprehensible practice IN as
far as pointing out its consequences TO
the unthinking will accomplish. other
wise, had fishing conditions improved
this month instead of experiencing the
present really welcome set back because
] of the heavy rainfall, the expected ex-
eellent summer and fall fly fishing
would have murdered in its infancy
The drains made upon up-coast
streams "Opening Day" were an eye
opener to MANY an observing sports
man, fishing conditions being on the
whole more favorable up that way than
| in the drainage from higher watersheds
south and east of Los Angeles Many
man who heretofore viewed salmon
eggs as q sort of Unnecessary evil,
was converted in one day when he saw
the streams fairly running red with
the Cumming of the misguided,
spelling sport for those who came after,
and fairly greasing the rocks with the
cleanings of small troutlings, when IN
deed they saved such at all.
1t never seems to occur to many tyro
fishermen of the "after me the de-
luge' class, that if they resorted to
the "original principles of boyhood
days in high waters by worked shotted
leaders deep and batting with red an,
gle worms, they would get bigger and
better fish than by poisoning last
years planting with these damnable
"pink pills. and spelling the sport
for all who come after. When fish get
educated to this degenerated diet,
which particularly appeals apparently
to the tiniest, but from which even the
big 'Bear Lakers' are not immune,
they become impossible to ''raise' to
the fly; and worms worked deeply and
lintelligently, are about the only effect
| i've lure for ''quarter-pounders'' and
better. These then can be caught with
out such shocking waste of finger
lings.'
Just what can be done to prevent by
law the spelling of sport by the very
classes who are paying for its main
tenance, is question bothering the au-
thorities greatly this year, as it is i'm
perative that the paintings be left in
the streams at least a year if expected
benefits are to follow this far-sighted
and efficiently executed public work.
Information is being sought by the
fish and game commission from its
patrol deputies and volunteer cores
pondents throughout the southern coun.
ties as to the apparent damage done
the nesting of quail by the week Z
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

in no way resembles United States
coinage. Nevertheless in certain
sections of the West it was once
quite extensively used for sale and
barter. and is still limitedly en-
ployed. In brief this money IS
what has always been known to
the Indians as wampum and tor q
long time, after the arrival OF the
white man. it was very much more
valuable to the original inhabitants
OF America than the white mans
coinage. In fact the Indians
loathness to dispense with his
wampum is the reason for the ex.
istence right down to our time OF
demand for this primitive cur
rency.
Whites Manufacture Indian Money
The Indians, of course, were the
first wampum makers but when 1t
became a medium of exchange tor
the early colonists and traders the
| white men took up its manufacture
and have continued to make 1t long
wears after the Indians themselves
have stopped doing SO.
There are several reasons Tor
this but the principal one IS that
by the encroachment OF the set
tiers upon their territory, the In
| dians have been gradually driven
| away from the sea to the interior
| plains where the proper shells for
| the manufacture OF wampum are
| not obtainable. The white man
living near the coast can. however,
still secure all the sea shells re-
ouired. Thus the Indians have
come to depend entirely upon
them for their wampum.
A Family Affair
| Most of this wampum making
came finally to be carried on by a
few old families of Southern New
| Jersey, foremost amongst whom
for many years were the Camp
| bells. From the early part OF the
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
Dy OSCAR P. AUSTIN.
Ssotis.ieion, The National City Bank
of New York

During a Bolshevist labor dis
sute in Moscow recently some
: printers, turning out paper money
Tor the Government, struck Tor
higher wages. The strike was I'M
ally settled by an agreement that
, each printer should be entitled to
: the amount OF money he could
turn out in one hour each day,
printing the notes for himself not
higher in denomination than oOo
Yubles.
When, in comparison, We con-
s;dar how Uncle Sam nanutac-
tures our money down in Wash
. inpton and at the several mints
and how carefully every penny IS
guarded against loss this loose
method of money making in Rus
sia al present seems almost unbe-
lievable TO a good many Amer
leans.
A Private Mint
Yet il is a fact that at the pres
ent day a certain form OF money
once widely current in America but
now quite unknown to most peo-
ple is manufactured in this coun-
try in just as free and easy a man
ner as anything the Bolshevists
might attempt. Moreover, it IS no
more counterfeit than the Russian
coinage, although our Government
has nothing to do with Its produc-
ton and does not in any way rec
ognize it as specie.
Quite recently there was placed
on exhibition il the Bergen Coun-
ty, New Jersey, Historical Society
q private money making machine
which had been in use for nearly
one hundred years, no less than
four generations of one family en-
making purposes. With this an
nouncement the question naturally
arises: What are the operatives. Of
Uncle Sans Secret Service doing
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
Above William Treayv the Indians From rare old Pn.


forth. from right to left, till the
sharp end of the drill penetrates
through the cube of shell from end
to end lengthwise.
When sufficient number OF
cubes are completed they are then
snoothed and polished with emery
paper and strung on wires, pre-
cisely the same as children string
beads. and they are then ready for
the market. The wampum that IS
made from the streakcd, blush
parts OF hard clam shells is the
most beautiful, and therefore more
valuable, and is harder and tough
err to work. The price paid for the
products Of this now almost obso-
iete industry is IA cents running
inch on the string, and the average
amount of money made by these
shell money makers is about 30
day during the season.
Origin of Wampum
In the Hall of the Indians OF. the
Woodlands, in The American
Museum of Natural History, New
York. may be seen case contain
ing strings and belts of curious
looking white and purple beads.
This is wampum. and was used as
currency by the Indians, early col
onists and traders, and the Indians
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
PRIVATE, MONEY MAKING IN AMERICA

also employed it in their ceremo-
MES and IS badge of authority.
Among other traditions explain
ing how vampum first came to be
used, the Iroquois have one to the
effect that once Hiawatha, on
journey, came to little lake, and
was wondering how to cross it
when flock of ducks appeared and
settled on the water. When they
flew away, the water had disap-
peared, and Hiawatha, looking on
the dry bed of the lake, saw that
it was covered with shells. OF
these he made the first wampum.
Despite this legend and similar
ones, however, it is believed that
the earliest wampum was made of
small pieces of wood of equal size,
stained black or white. Porcupine
quills are also said to have been
used. Later, wampum was made
from shells, sometimes of the
fresh-water varieties, but generally
OF. sea-shells. The best wampum
was made from the hearts of the
common hard clam of Long Island.
While shell beads were early
manufactured by the Indians along
the Atlantic shore, they were rare
West of the Hudson Rive before
the seventeenth century. With the
arrival of the colonists, the Indians
were supplied with tools which
made it possible for them to work
greater variety of shells and to
produce more finished work.
Paying Fare With Wampum
For ages wampum was used by
the Indians almost solely as
money. The making of wampum
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

surface Of the ground and II feet from
the earth IS surface is n shaft of cold
water.
The management is working on
plan to run a large pipe directly to the
hot water vein and cap the flow. An
other pipe will handle the cold water
and the two temperatures can be used
as desired. More hot water will be
supplied to the plunge and thereby re-
duce the temperature of the water.
1t is believed by the owners that the
combination well will greatly aid them
in filling the wants of the guests at
their resort.
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

While general regret is being ex-
pressed by hunters of experience be-
cause of unreasonable rains sportsman
like anglers, with fishing of the fu-
ture in mind, are rather glad of the
temporary set back in the salmon-egg-
raids upon last years heavy stream
paintings of the trout fry made by the
fish and game commission in all South
ern California s "River' systems
With more water added to already
too much, it is certain that much
larger number of 81 fingerlings' will
have more time to make the probable
inch month growth that they will
come very close to averaging with the
streams fairly thick with assorted food
worms, bugs, insect-larvae of every
name and nature. Even before the
storms, the little fellows were so fed
up' that it took something unnatural
to tempt them much of the time. Here
came in the "canned dynamite' possi-
bilities of the salmon-egg, which has,
under the reduced "stream-limit - of
% trout not exceeding ten pounds and
one large fish, assumed new, but not
unexpected, menace.
Deputies of the fish and game COM
mission repeatedly have had attention
this year called to salmon-egg fisher
men snatching tiny " fingerlings'' from
the streams and either hiding them in
the brush to pick up later if needed
and safe, or deliberately swapping them
off the hook, regardless of releasing
them uninjured, when possible. AS the
poor little things usually swallow the
salmon-egg, most of them are killed
anyway. Such a slaughter of the in
nocents is defeating the purpose of
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

a penny, the black beads at four
for a penny. The use of wampum
as money among the colonists of
New York was continued until 1900
at least, as at that time, according
to an old record, "the ferriage for
each single person from New York
to Brooklyn was eight stivers in
wampum, or a silver two pence"
Wampum As Ornaments
Messengers from one tribe OF
Indians to another used strings
and belts of wampum as creden-
tials. In time the articles made of
wampum came to have great SYM
bolical importance dependent ON
the colors and arrangement of the
beads. They were also used as
memory aids TO the keepers of the
oral traditions of the Indians.
While, as a medium of exchange,
the dark beads were rated higher
than the light and white beads, for
symbolical purposes, these latter
beads, however, were auspicious
while the dark ones were inauspi-
cious, having to do, in the mes
sages or records, with death, war,
etc,
Wampnm was also worn for
ornament by the Indians, both
men and women. 1t was worked
into collars, necklaces, ear pend
ants, bracelets, armlets, girdles,
anklets and headdress decoration.
"Wampum pipes" long tubular
shell beads OF about the length of
the common pipe-stem, and per-
forated disc-shaped shells, as we'll
as shells ground into various
shapes including the forms of anil
mails, were also in common use at
one time by the Indians.
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

belts by them Stems to date back
only as far as the advent OF the
white men. All the belts which
have been found are of beads which
were undoubtedly made either by
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
CAMPO HOTEL AN
HISTORIC SPOT BY
BABBLlNC BROOKS

Now that the Fishing season is ON III
full blast at Moreno dam the Campo
hotel, operated by Mrs. A. r. Yelling
ton and her brother in law G. F. Per-
kins, is enjoying u bumper business
from throngs of anglers and campers
at the dam. Folks from San Diego and
Imperial Valley like to stop at campo
hotel because of the congenlal hospltai-
itv given them. There is an air of home
at this hostelry, home cooking, large
airy rooms and regular linen and com
Portable beds.
The hotel was purchased by Mrs. Wei
lington and Mr.. Perkins last January
New furniture, kitchen equipment and
household supplies were bought and the
building remodeled throughout, making
il one of the best hotels in the noun
tains.
The management has number OF cot
tages for rent for the summer. campo
is an historic spot. In the pioneer days
the town was headquarters for the
Moreno dam construction engineers ana
laborers. Mexicans and Americans hai
numerous battles here and interesting
tales are related by the old timers con-
cerning the differences among men. "A
babbling brooklet runs through the town
and in front of the hotel. From the
porch of the hotel one may look up the
CANYON and see the winding mountain
brook and adjoining narrows and pas
lures where contented cows are graz
ing. 1t is q pretty scene. Those vino
like mountain scenery will find that
Campo offers Incompatible delights.
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
WONDER WELL AT
,JACUMBA FLOWS
HOT and COLD

Hot and cold water from the same
WELL
This is phenomenal statement from
the proprietors of Jacumba Hot Springs
who have for the past two years been
developing the well now supplying the
plunge and The bath house with spark
ling water. They have discovered q
vein of hot water 80 feet below the
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

the white men or with tools sup.
piled by them.
For a long time after their ar-
rival wampum was in use as com-
mon currency among the Dutch
colonists. Its value was at one time
four for a penny, and at another
time six for penny. In Massa-
chusetts, in l648, wampun, if OF
good quality, was legal tender to
the amount of forty shillings. The
white beads were rated at eight for
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20

rains, and reports will be made as soon
as the conditions have manifested their
effect sufficiently to enable reliable
verdict
Imperial Valley press., 1922-05-20
Curiosity Shop

Curiosity Shop
Flax straw, formerly thrown away
as waste is being successfully used in
the manufacture of rugs, carpets and
upholstery.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
To the Holders OF
Athens Railway and Electric Company
General Mortgage and Collateral Trust Sink
~ Fund Gold bonds. EiEht Per Cent. Series
"a" Dated June I, 1891.

"a" Dated June I. 1891.
Proposals are itrited to b, made 70 the
Colonial Trust Company OF Philadelphia.
18TH and Market Streets. Philadelphia, Pa.
se trustee under the 1ndenture OF Athens
galway and Electric Company and said
trustee. secur ug the above bonds. for the
sss .sis on March !. l922, to said Trus,e. ior
IN said Indenture. OF bonds Of said issue at
prices not to exceed par And accrued interest
thereon to March I. 1892. on March l.
Iv22. the Company will deposit the sum OF
TWO Thousand Six Hundred Eishty-Five Do:
lars t26s5b to he used for the retirement OF
sad bonds at prices not to exceed par and
accrued Interest to said date: and II IL the
provisions Of said Irdenture. to apply the
money so TO be received TO the purchase or
redemption OF bonds OF salt issue at prices
not TO exceed par and accrued interest.
All proposals should be securely seated
and marked Proposal for the sale Of Gen
Fund Gold sonis Of Athens Railway and
Electric Company, dated June 1, 1921 must
b. for all or any part OF the bonds offered
and must state the aggreBate face va ue
and the denominations Of the particular
bonds SO offered for sale. and must be re-
Ssiv.d by the Trustee a; its soo oSo.Pgrsse P TN"
Advices as to bond, accepted will be
nailed on or before February 20 1929. by
Athens Railway and Electric Compare.
Federal Income Tax ownership certificates.
cover ng accrued interest. should accompany
ell accepted bonds
Athens Railway and Electric Company
By FRANK W. EEs.fA.EIds; EIs. pS..Id.n,
n.t.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15

I3SSt Comma nv I'd Wal street New
rfIty. "a Trustee under an indenture
n gun (,on,pany and said trustee.
XDrii /. 1921 for the sale on April l.
q said Trustee for the account OF the
~ Fund proyided for in said indenture
Ind OF ssid issSe MT prices not 10 ex-
~ les pcr cent OF the principal Of said
xe. plus unpaid accrued interest theFeon
a NSnkere Trust Compony. as Trustee, will
1UPchase said bonds so offered OF. April l.
I148 Al the ioyyeat prices for which the same
1kaH 81 offereS. Ia an amount sun .cient 10
1hattet A nearly ss NAV he the sum Of
HSS@:av ,yith nr r.eat. az, iIahis n sa td
$vstss on M'n or Ss,ore maas knr,i Z ipss the sum
~ El6Sl 900 nd accrued interest for the pur-
~ 81 On iii honda FOR The account OF sa i'd
Mimi Fund ~ peauired by Tho terms OF
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
Annual MIeetinEs

PENN TRAFFIC COMPANY
q. z, Ger. 9th and Chestnut Strests
Phlls1slphts
February I. 1899.
70 the stockholders Of
You are hereby notified that or Thursday.
FeSgusry %. 1929, at 100 A, ~. the an.
SSssvsny WI ). held st tSis once for ths
pSrp6io y the election Of d!rseters. and for
Eb Is iS;!'si ! s.sT y ;s'::::'s:s s:::::s;s
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
iCA" SIX PER CENT. FIRST MORT
GAGE. TWENTY-FIVE YEAR GOLD

che tcrms OF the indenture Of Mortgage.
dated March !. 1918. 81. 900, 90 Of said bonds
numbered u, Ga. 100. i07. have been drawn
ana accrued interest as Of March I. 1922.
whom all Interest thereon shall cease.
! The above bonds with ell unmatured cou.
sons alta ched should be presented for pay.
insnt At the ONCE OF the Trustee on or after
SoYERSFORD TRUST COMPANY. Trustee,
Royersford. Montgomery County Pa
II. +. GRANDER.
, Treasurer.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
LEBANON VALLEY IRON s. STEEL.
PER GENT SINKING FUND GOLD

Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the
Sinking Fund provision Of the above Mort
GASe dated March l5 1919, proposals will be
recsived at the Ofiice OF the Commerc. al
Trust Company Tsusise city ", HaL! I-,! square:
Gnrch I. 1879, Of a sufficient number OF
Sonds to consume the sum Of s.7 75487 now
IN the sinking Fund at y price not to exceed
IL reserved to reject any or al proposals in
whole or in part. Sealed proposals. stating
:Proposais for tho Gale of Lebanon Valley
Iron Stee! Company First Mortgage eO-Year
should be presented to the undersigned before
IL O. clock noon. Tuesday, fsbrusry y. 1929.
IENRY Q. GIBSON, TreasurAr.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
1TNKING FUND OF ROANOKE RAILWAY
ELECTRIC co. CONsOL. s. T. 81.

DUE 1868.
Pursuant to terms OF the Mortgage of the
Roanoke Railway & Electric Company 10 tn.
REAL ESTATE TRUST COMPANY OF
fHILADELPHLA. Trustee. dated Feb. g.
dated Mortgage SO Bonds offers OF said
g absorb the sum OF 3S73s.a0. now in the
Sinking Fund will be received by the Trus.
- Up 10 5 o'clock =. NJ. February as. 1899.
koANoKE RAILWAY q ELECTRIC Co.
- wALTER W: PERNINs. secretary.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
Special Notices
Is HEREBY GIVEN THAI

Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT
- arplica lions have been made TO the
Public Service Commission OF the Common
wealth Of Pennsylvania. under the provisions
of the Public Service Company Law by the
mia Tor certificates OF public convenience
evidencing the commissions requisite sp-
provai OF contracts between the City Of Phil
a de phis and the Keystone Telephone Com
psny, OF PhilGdelphis. for furnishing mu-
city OF Philadelphia during the year 1922
as required by the Eleetricsl Bureau Of the
viii be held in Room 400. City Hall, Phiis
dsiphia. on the I'd day Of March, 1929, At
10 .50 o. o'clock A, NJ when and where ali per
sons in interest may appear and be heard. il
thefS SEYsTONE TELEPHONE COMPANY
OF PHILADELPHIA
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15

1xGE CSILArEkAL iRUsT 81 SERIAL

Noiiss, 4 hereby sl%T.n %N,, that Gyr,p.pt 70
:iandins ps.uss,ns Mare MrrSh 1923 have Ss.n
Garch !. lo22. at 10lh % and accrued in.
issSt to that date u., ~ -
SSymeht at the OFFICE OF Commsrclsi rrus, M
1sIphia on or after March l., 1922. on which
no ali said bonds become due and payabls
S1d ali interest thereon will cease.
" INLAND COAL COMPANY.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15

Dplutss; DS 4. az MMl99r y a.ee .ree iS,5F1a.se.a =.
2.S2H: May. s2.soM. hid; July. is.SSsGSX N, .
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
LlVEsrock oUorATioNa

Chiease. FEB. Is. - CATrLn-Rscsipt
quality plain. Top early $500: bulk bssf
bulk ist %: s.oeH ,1.Ss @5.75: bulk siOok-
taFS setSs ios ss.r .Ssn ss:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-02-15
Dividends
tT Dividends
north PENNsYLyAN!i RAILROAD co.

NORTH PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD CO.
No. eco South Third Street
Philadelphia. February II. 1922
: The Board OF Directors OF tho North Penn
Oytvouia Railroad CemDnny have this day de-
cIarod quarterly dividend Of two (eJ Der
eeat on the capital stock OF the Company
said dividend to be credited TO the stock.
holders as they stand registered at tho clos
inR OF tho books at Q o clock p. NJ, Wednes-
isy 18th inst. and payable on the eSth inst.
The transfer books will remain closed until
W -''A JOHN S. WISE. Treasurer.
THE PROVIDENT LIFE AND TRUST
COMPANY or PHlIADELPHIN
s Philadelphia. February "a i322
A. 4 meeting OF the Board Of Directors
Ma thts day. a quarterly divtd.nd OF Fye
II Cent, (5c+) was decls sred, payable April
IA ~, to stockholdsrs of record on the
efs o. the Company at the close OF business
IA fRsois for dividends will be mailed. unless
ri1S;r directions shall have been filed with
c9fIaRo5SSyx aRoSxRp c. ASHTON. Secretary.
\ rs,rsp aHs aHs''i 'iixiF.soyEx1sr I. co.
q; !, IAlladslphia. Dscembsr u. 1921.
= RlsSeeoss hays this az declared 2
~ - sassel on ~. fve(sr.fd