davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13
THE HOPI SNAKE DANCE
BY ETHEL A. HICKEY

the seven Hopi villages. Its peo-
pie cling more tenaciously to their
age-old traditions and customs:
Walpi shows a touch of theatrical
ism in its religious rites; Hotavilla
deadly earnest faith.
Two Fratcrnities
But whatever the scene, the
dance is practically~> the same
there is only a difference in spirit,
and in detail. Two fraternities al
ways participate, the Antelope and
the Snake. the former as assist
ants in certain rites. For nine
days before the dance the men of
the latter organization go out on
the plains with notched stick, a
buckskin bag, and a wallet of sac
red meal. to hunt for their snake
brothers. As they capture eaAh
reptile, they sprinkle it with tlfe
holy meal and thrust it in the bag.
Towards evening they bring their
captives to the snake kiva. Here
the reptiles are washed, sprinkled
with meal, submitted to chants
and prayers, and kept in captivity
until the great event. Their num-
Der is added to day by day. And
so, for many days, minor ceremo-
MES are held in the kiva.
In the late afternoon of the day
before the dance, the Antelope
priests appear in full regalia OF
painted bodies, dance sashes and
kits of brilliant colors, and with
symbolic equipment such as bowls
of sacred meal, prayer plumes,
saerificial plants, and feathered
wands. For half an hour they
chant and enact a prayer for rain
and for their brothers, the Snake
priests.
The next morning long before
dawn runners have gone far out
on the plain that they may race
to the mesa top hoping to reach it
as the sun rises They come lop-
ing in along various paths, all of
which converge in the trail to the
top. Up they come seemingly un-
winded and unwearied. Young
girls are standing at certain points
with offerings of melon vines and
corn stalks, which the runners
seize as they pass. Old women
have drawn lines of sacred meai
from the trail top towards the
kiva court. No stranger must cross
these lines under penalty of much
chattering and scolding. The rum
ners dash through the lane of meal
and then, in open court, battle
with "a bevy Of girls for their
green offerings, Indian girls, like
their white-skinned sisters, are
voluble in their play--they shrek
and squeal< with laughter. 1t Is
evident that the girl favored of
each runner always wins.
There are no other rites all day
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13

Further information on this and
other Koshare tours will be given
at the office in The JOURNAL build
ing and by telephone 1500-W.
Practically every village on the
Three Mesas in Hopi land has its
story of the origin of the snake
dance. There are scientific ex-
plantations, too, but the most hui
manly interesting-the story most
closely related to the myth-spirit
of Greece, the Schwarzwald, the
Irish bogs, etc.--is the story an
old Walpi grandmother told to her
Carlisle grandson, who, in turn,
translated 1t into English. B.
Long time ago a great drouth
visited Hopi land. The corn and
the melons died, there was no
game. BY and by the. people them
selves began to die Of hunger and
thirst. The old men planted many
prayer sticks The gods were in-
voked In every way the people
could devise. But never any cain
There was great suffering. Then
the children said, 1--WE must help
How can we make the gods listen !?
BY doing something that we hate"
SO they went out on the plain be-
low and gathered snakes, and
played with them, putting them in
their mouths, and singing and
dancing with them. Then came
+tN
were saved. And the old men
said, "The children have pleased
the gods by playing with that
which the gods love. We have
learned our lesson" So they bound
themselves in the great Snake fra
teEnity, made songs and prayers,
and once every year since then
have appealed to the gods for rain
with their "snake brothers, who
are the messengers to the under
world.
Thus was evolved, according to
legend, the snake dance which
falls between August 20 and Is.
The exact date depends upon the
moon. The odd years see 1t in
Walpi on the First Mesa; the even
i'll Hotavilla on the third. There
are three great stone mesas in the
Hopi reservation rising sheer and
high from the plain much as
Acoma does. They are only few
miles apart and are strikingiy
beautiful in their dignity. For un-
told years Oraibi was the alternate
scene Of the dance, but as Oraibi
is now practically deserted, Hota-
VILE has taken its place. Though
not so picturesque as Walpl, o.
even Mishongnovi on the Second
Mesa, Hotaville is the. least influ-
enced by outside agencies Of all
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13
IMMENSE AMOUNT
OF FINE STEEL
PUT INTO TIRES

Automobile tires are thought of
in terms of cotton and rubber, es-
pecially by that part of the public
that rides in cars. The extent to
which steel enters into the manu-
facture of beads. one Of the most
important parts of the tire, is not
thoroughly recognized though 1t IL
used in tremendous quantities.
A. well known rubber company
estimates that 41,250,0O0 pounds of
fine steel will be used In the manu-
facture of the 33.0Q0,000 tires that
will be produced In this country
this year.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13
A PERFECT MUELLER.

according to recent announce
ment made by the Bureau of En-
cheering of the United States,
their experts have now practically
perfected muffllng device which
not only affords almost complete
muffling but with a very light
back pressure.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13

The Chinese criminal code de-
clares that. except for grave Of
lenses, an only son on whom rests
the maintenance Of his parents is
to be let off the panalty Of his
crime.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13

CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY, DETROIT MICHIGAN
Disison Of General Motors Csrporahos
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-08-13

pires were chaotic, Germany is
making the greatest advances and
their motor car registration has
reached the previous high water
mark of 1914"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23

plicity in Cal that compelH admiration. He en- deared himself to us by living in cheap, ''1af- house" and wearing overalls when ths cam paisn photographer hove in sight. In Wash ington he has conducted himself with modesty and decorum.
 Having earned 50 much of our esteem, we are pained to learn that Cal made a two-holr speech before the Presbyterians assembled at Des Moines. Nowadays 1t takes @ glib and facile speaker to hold an audience 45 minutes Even then he must rely on wit and humor, sarcasm and inyective, to keep his hearers in- terested, none of which Cal has in his roper toire. Unless the brethren were inured to long and platidudinous discourse they must have suffered acutely.
 The long winded orator rs as much out of date as the "one-horse shay" and the prairie schooner. We live in 8 rapid age. Thirty minutes Is long enough for any human being to talk on any subject under the sun. If he can deliver his message in less time, so much the better. The five-minute speech did yeoman service during the war. No matter how big a man is he can't perpetrate two-hour speeches without cooling the ardor of his admirers. We hope Cal will govern himself accordingly.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
STILL A PUZZLE

New York Correspondence Pittsburg Dispatch.
 Bud Wymard of Pittsburg, who is in New York to attend the Greb-Tunney fight, looked over the City of Churches today and gave us this one:
 'Last night dropped into Brooklyn movie house, just to see if could forget some of lifes real tragedies said Bud. q was given good laugh while there, but not from the screen.
 Seated in front of me were two girls who were four points past the flapper stage. One of them turned to the other and asked:
 What do you drink now?'
 I often wonder answered the other.'
 And that's all.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
2 -----s--7-----77-7' GOLFERS ABROAD

Lucio, in the Manchester Guardian. 'We are to have new type of tocrist from America this year-the golfing tourist. The golfing American tourist visiting England is expected to come ;n his thousands Lo, the new tourist whose instructed mind Spurns hallowed sites for matters much more
 weightyl Who when he leaves 'lIl' old New York" be-
 hind
 Has but one thought-a round in under 80. No longer London sees him tramping round Till foot and head and eye with pious toll
 ache; He cuts Hampton Court for newer ground And passes Chester to descend at Hoylake. No ancient seat of learning holds him now; Isis and Cam scarcely worth mention. But stay; one name can lure him, anyhow St. Andrews still commands his best atten-
 tion. Changed are his values scorned the older
 earth
 Where records of his ancestry are graven One crowded hour at Westward Ho is worth An age at Plymouth or on banks of Avon. Give him drive well smitten from the tee Who cares what port the Pilgrim Fathers
 quilted? And having fluked bogey five in three He counts the tomb of Shakespeare well
 omitted.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
BUILD THE. AUDITORIUM
 AND DO IT NOW

The people of Birmingha have decided that torium.
 The money has long been in hand and tho city authorities should proceed at once to build. They should get the work under way imme- diately and provide the building which tho pso- pie indorsed two years ago.
 There has been enough discussion of plans to know just what can be done. If the money will build an auditorium seating only $500 people, go ahead and build 1t. If the money will pro- vide greater seating capacity, build larger.
 But the main thing is to build and build now.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
TALKS ON MOVIE WEEK

Tt is the civic duty of everyone in the city to attend the movie programs at the local houses this week. says Mrs. Mertylle Shell, city movie inspector, "that they may inform themselves and know just what kind of pie lures the city is getting and cooperate with the producers and authorities in getting better pictures for the theatre public. The movies on trial this week and it is up to the public to indorse and give their hearty approval to the good shows that are being shown here this week. It is to be hoped that they will do this in loyal manner.''
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
ELECTION RESULT IS NOT BLOW AT SCHOOLS

The results of yesterdays election may seem somewhat confusing to the public mind, and especially to the outside world
 But the result must by no means be inter- preted as showing Birmingham's lack of interest in schools and cultured assets, such as parks, h- braries and auditorium.
 The defeat of the bond issues may be at tributed more than anything else to the fact that the program was too ambitious and was sprung upon the public too suddenly. It can not be denied also that another factor entering into the campaign was public resentment over the manner in which some of the city's affairs have been handled.
 While the city commission has been criticized for good many things, the fact remains that the people have sustained the commission ma- jority in its determination to prevent public dancing at East Lake.
 Advocates of the school bonds need not feel that serious blow has been given Birming- hams school system. The people of Birming- ham will take care of their schools when plan is submitted in which they have confidence. In the meantime plans should proceed for the most equitable and proper expenditure of the moro than million dollars still in the hands of the board of education from the previous school bond issue.
 If wounds have been made during the cam paign, they are not deep and should quickly  heal. There should be shoulder to shoulder ac- tion by advocates and opponents of yesterdays issues in working out program acceptable to all the people of the city. It can be done. All want the best schools possible, the only differ ence of opinion being in the best method of obtaining them. With the greatly increased funds now going to the schools, the results ob- tained should speak accordingly.
 Yesterdays election should not be dscourag- ing, but rather an incentive to renewed en- deavor.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
STEALTHY ANARCHY

From the Montgomery Advertiser.
 The people of Alabama learned with a sense of horror and revulsion of the cruel assault near Birmingham by small gang of criminals upon J. D. Bowling, physician of the highest standing and public health officer of Birming- ham and Jefferson county. Was it possible in Alabama's largest and richest city, city that boasts of educational leadership, culture and of a churchgoing people, few cowardly crini- nals could feed personal grudge by Kidnapping a public official, carrying him miles away and in deep and lonely wood beating him to within an inch of his life?
 The news columns of the Birmingham pa pers have shown that Birmingham has long condoned crimes of violence The victims have been people of no special social or official i'm portance, some negroes, some whites in the obscure walks of life. But nevertheless they were the victims of violent crimes. They should have received the equal protection of the law. But the law officers condoned them; they shrugged their shoulders and said, What we do?"
 But when man or the ulSClncClOn or Dr Bowling is made the victim, they rouse them selves for action and well they may. A state of anarchy was at hand in which no man was safe from the perpetrators of these outrages His private or public enemies might secure the services of gang of thugs, who could invade the family circle of his home and drag him forth to wreak such vengeance as cruelty and brutality might prompt.
 The men who perpetrated the outrage on Dr. Bowling did not take the trouble to mask themselves; they numbered only four when they took Dr. Bowling at the point of pistol from his home. There was never more than nine or ten men at any stage of the outrage and all were without disguise. All of which shows that it must be reasonably safe to per petrete such crimes in Birmingham.
 The people of Alabama, who shuddered at the details of the outrage perpetrated upon Dr. Bowling, will watch and wait for Birmingham to remove this dark spot from her name and record Anarchy, even when it is covert and stealthy, must be stamped out. Its ways are the ways of death.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
M # W STOP I.AWLESSNESS IN
BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham has been shamed and dishon- bred by the flogging of Dr. j. D. Bowling, city and county health officer. To make it all the worse, there is no explanation for this outrage except enmity caused by Dr. Dowling's devo- tion to his duty.
 been so thoroughly incensed. Rewards ap- proximating $3,00o have already been offered for the arrest and conviction of the guilty per sons. The entire state ts aroused and citizens of Birmingham feel that such fragrant disre- gard of law can only be met by the apprehen- sion and punishment of the gang of men who took Dr. Bowling from his home and whipped him unmercifully.
 With city, county, state and federal author ities cooperating, and tho citizenship of Bir- mingham eager to lend it's assistance, it is to be hoped that the perpetrators of this assault may be quickly brought to justice. No man or woman is safe as long as mobs gre permitted to wreak vengeance on individuals for real or fancied grievances whenever it suits their pleasure
 While the DowIin gcase has provided "the last straw" it should not be forgotten that we have had series of whippings in Birmingham, for which no one has been punished. That the victims were obscure, CT had made themselves obnoxious, was excuse for lawlessness- The ease and immunity with which these acts were committed encouraged others until climax was reached in the logging of a prominent official.
 Public sentiment demands that these lawless outbreaks be stopped. Nothing short of swift retribution can clear Birmingham from the stain put upon her good name by mob violence.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
STILL BOOSTS BIRMINGHAM

'T am absolutely dumbfounded at the growth that Birmingham has made in the past 36 years, and 1t really seems impossible that Birmingham is what she is todayo' said J. W. Nelson, promi- nent contractor of Manchester, Ga., formerly of Birmingham and Shreveport
 q was reared here and love Birmingham better than any place on the top side of the earth, but have been compelled to remain away on account of business affairs, and wish that my visit could extend more than one day. The old town is home to me in spite of its strange appearance and give her boost every time I can.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
POINTED PARAGRAPHS

Women can guess straighter than men can reason. the downcast.
 It's all right to love your enemies, but don't slight your friends.
 The common friend of an engaged couple has hard row to hoe.
 Any young man who make living ought to make two, according to what we hear.
 How any woman can bear to have such careless husband is what the other woman can't understand.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
sLEUTHING DoYLE.s LINE

Arthur Conan Doyle is a favorite writer of mine so long as he sticks to detective stories but I can't follow him in this communication with the dead idea that he has taken up,'' said George Ditto of Lacey Springs, who was in Birmingham yesterday en route to the univer- sity to attend the commencement exercises.
 "I read all could of his lectures on his trip to the United States, but he has yet to offer convincing proof to me that such thing is possible. He will not only have to show me photographs of the departed spirits, but will have to see them and talk with them before he can convince me. believe the average person takes the same position"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
SCHOOL HISTORIES AS TEXT BOOKS

From the New York World.
 The report of the Mendel committee of the department of education on 140 school his tories which were said to be unpatriotic is ap- proved by Superintendent Ettinger in memo randum the sense and moderation if which will commend it.
 None of these writers, Dr. Ettinger finds, was Intentionally unpatroitic,'' but their tat titude of mind" toward the revolutionary worthies was often reprehensible. Their mis- take was in writing from the point of view of the critical historian rather than from the point of view of teacher" The distinction is important
 It is wrong to print in book for American children that "John Hancock was a smuggler' or that Samuel Adams was political boss," not because the fact was otherwise, but be- cause there is no time or space to explain this statement and clear honored names from an imputed reproach. To call Jefferson "a dema- gogue, liar and an atheist should bar book from any school. That is not fact but par tisan opinion. To write with an aim of melting friendly feeling toward Great Britain is a more amiable fault, but it does not excuse slur- ring the story of the revolution.
 Writing school history which will influence the minds of American children perhaps for life is no task for a second-rate writer to toss off with calculating eye on the royalties. It is job for men and women of devotion, char acter and judgment, who can remember that they are writing for children.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
UNDERWOOD'S CRAFTSMANSHIP
 THE LUCID KIND

The statesmanship of Senator Underwood lies pre-eminently in the lucid manner inSwhich he presents great problems. Nothing could be simpler or more easily understood than the words uttered by him in reply to the argu- ment of Senator Gooding of North Dakota, who advocates protective tariff. Senator Under wood said:
 4'H we continue to build a Chinese wall around this country by protective tariff, we will die of our own dry rot. We must find surplus markets and we cannot do that by excluding importation. We cannot find sur- plus markets by saying that we will ship abroad and receive nothing in return, because the world has nothing to~pay us with except the product of its toil.''
 As Senator Underwood points out, an Amer ican production of cotton greater than Amer ica can consume and an American production of wheat greater than this country's needs as well as production of iron and steel far beyond this country,s power to consume, clamors for surplus markets We cannot sell this cotton this iron, this steel an dthis wheat to people whose goods. with which they are to pay for what we sell, are excluded by tariff wall.
 Right now this district is sending wire mill and other steel products to South America and we are glad to see trade with the Latin-Amer- icas revive. Steel trade with Japan and China sustained us last year. We sell machinery,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
LAWS OF TRADE GOVERN
 IN THE END

The late E. H. Hartman clearly distin- guished between earning based on valuations that are in keeping with the ability of the public to pay the freight and valuations out of line with justice to the public. The dis tinction is one that 1t were wise not to lose sight of.
 Mir. Hartman is quoted as having written IA years ago:
 Tt is impossible for a railroad company to sever it's interests from those of it's patrons. Its life blood is drawn from their prosperity and 1t must furnish them with adequate fa- cilitfes at reasonable rates wholly irrespective of it's capitalization. If the calculations of the organizers of railroad turn out to be erro- neous and the capitalization Is fixed at too high figure 1t is misfortune. A railroad cannot extort money from the public in de- fiance of the laws of trade"
 Laws of trade were defied in rates on cast iron pipe to the Pacific coast. The ships in- tervened with rate less than half the rail rate and the coast took Birmingham pipe, which otherwise could not have moved.
 n North as well as south inland waterway Transportation is growing by leaps and bounds. Of what service to the railroads and their security holders is 1t to charge rates which cause shippers to seek out untried water routes and. trying them, find them an econ oxny7
 WVa1uafi0pc of all vy+ilfffao fair work for rates, but if the rate kills the business based on valuations the valuations should be rsvamped. Americas captains of industry were forced under the laws of trade to mark down their inventories last year. Utilities cannot escape that law.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
ADRIFT WITH THE TIMES
THE FIBBER

Ere long we'll hear along the shore, 'T never kissed man before" And all the little wavelets breaking Will know that lovely maid is faking.
 -Age-Herald. But this will not beguile some man, For ever since the world began He knows that all the lovely misses Always say that about their kisses.
 R. M. Munroe.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
PART OF A COLLECTION

"Just moment" interrupted the defend ants lawyer. "You say you despise this man you are suing for $50,0o0, yet you bring his alleged love letters into court carefully tied up with pink ribbon"
 There is no sentiment in that" replied the fair plaintiff, haughtily. T merely used a pink ribbon to distinguish his from the others
 PAUL COOK.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
SURE oFHIs JOB

Solomon has a great reputation for wis., dom.''
 How do you suppose he got that way?"
 Maybe he had ample leisure to cultivate his mind. Unlike modern rulers he didn't have to keep to the ground all the time to find out whether he'd die with his crown on or soon be writing home for money"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
RED MEN HOLD COUNCIL

s'The Red Men assembly that opened yester- day at Elk's hall, Ensley, was great success from every point of view," said Frank s. An dress.
 Representatives from tribes all over the state are here, and all are enthusiastic over the pow-wow. The session this morning will be the final one and then we adjourn until next year,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-23
VOICES IN THE NIGHT

Well, if you think it's all right" eve bought it from this fellow before. He's
 reiabe'' "It has queer smell" "You can't always go by the smell.' That's true. Anyhow, one won't kill me- "Of course not. Take ehance.' 'Whew Where's the water?"