davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

is bound TO grow stronger, and the
prospects are far from bright. Whether
there will be serious conflicts between
the Arabs and the Jews remains 20 be
seen. but the feeling is such that there
Is nothing rosy about the future.
The Mohammedans are also bitter
against the concessions made to parf-
Gus Christian churches and schools by
the British. Sir Herbert Samuel has
authorized a certain number Of acres
to be given the different religious
orders, and these orders. churches and
schools are to select this land for them
selves. Naturally they all want their
holdings where there is now water or
where water may likely be found. TO
assure the success Of their projects.
II takes time 20 study the whole
question OF the British mandate and
the racial antagonisms. IL is not easy
TO get at the facts, and even II is not
so very easy to travel In tho country
IL one Is of the prying disposition
necessary In a newspaper man, for
British officials are curious as TO what
such correspondent is looking for.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
No Basis for Franco-ItaHan
Opposition TO Naval Treaty


II Germany ever again attacks
airplanes. shoals OF submarines and
clouds OF poison gas. This is the one
and only menace to France. And
Italy is In exactly the same predica-
ment.
France cannot bring up the danger
OF the Russian navy to justify her in
wrecking the treaties. This is merely
setting UP man Of straw! The Rus
sian. navy is vastly inferior to the
French. 1t would take twenty years
to overcome this handicap even IL
Russia were foolish enough to attempt
it, And what would Russia do with a
battle fleet? It could be easily block
AIDED and confined to the Baltic and the
Black Sea by submarines and air
forces alone, supported by a small sur
face fleet. If it ever got out II would
never get back. 1t would meet the
fate of Rodjestvensky! Russia will
soon realize that battleships are use
less expense to her and she. too, will
resort to submarines, airplanes and
poison gas. An alliance between Ger
many, Russia and Turkey with these
new weapons in offensive and defen-
sive operations Is the one great pos
sible menace in Europe to-day. 1t is
against this combination that France
and Italy need to be safeguarded.
These same weapons will be their only
hope. Battlesnips by the score will
not protect them against each other
or against anybody else. This is per-
fectly plain.
The truth is that all nations have
enough battleships to-day and all they
will need in the future. The present
type will be obsolete in less than ten
years A new type Of capital ship
will appear-it may be the airplane
carrier: nobody knows. But we can
say in all truth that when the United
States scrapped the 1916 program 1t
got well rid of a very expensive and
useless white elephant! And England
and japan were equally sensible in
scrapping their building programs. 1t
is gratifying that Secretary DENLY
stresses our need of fast cruisers, sub
marines and airplane carriers. These
will be the effective naval weapons OF
the future. Defensively they can beat
off hundred dreadnoughts. Often
sively battle fleet Is absolutely use
less without them. 1t can go nowhere
and do nothing.
France and Italy should congratu-
late themselves that they have no
more battleships. They need other
weapons vastly more if they need any!
If France fails to ratify the treaties
and does 1t soon the United States
England and Japan should proceed
without regard to Frances doings
And Italy would show her good sense
if she follows suit. IF she spends more
money on battleships she will simply
shovel it into the Mediterranean. That
is all the good 1t will do.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Benevente, Another Winner.
Is Spanish PLAYWRIGHT, Due Here

Jacinto Benevente, the Spanish
playwright, who is on his way to this
country TO see the production of his
play In English called the Fields of
Ermine." is the second OF his country
TO receive the prize for literature. 1t
is, in fact. a double prize, covering the
years 1921 and 1929.
A reputation for bitter satire earned
in part by the first piece by this author
TO be done here, ''The Bonds of Inter-
est" has not yet been lived down, al
though following this and other early
plays Benevente has written much en-
a wider scenario.
Benevente is So years old. He was
born i'm Madrid. where he studied law,
but never practiced the profession.
From the beginning his interest was
the theater. His first play, Thy
Brothers House." was serious, but
even at the start he showed less anx-
iety about the plot than he did about
Characterization. Spain is very proud
Of him and believes that it has pro-
duced another commanding figure in
literature, a modern instance, as it
were. of Lope de Vega or Calderon. He
is said to be an admirer of these
ancients and in his new position of
director OF the Teatro Espanol in Mad
rid he is bound TO give every season
a certain number of representations Of
these classical authors.
Last year the Royal Society elected
90 membership Or. Francis William
Aston, who is a Research Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge, England.
In the present year he visited the
United States and delivered lectures
on aspects of modern science. DR..
Aston was educated at Malvern Col
lege. Mason College. Birmingham and
Cambridge universities. He became
assistant lecturer in physics at Bir-
mingham University in 1909 and en-
tered Trinity College and Cavendish
Laboratory a year later. taking his de-
grees there, the +. A. in 1910 and the
research degree in 1912. Cambridge
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

and the notes are sometimes not paid
A composition disposes of the whole
matter except that the debtor must
pay the referees and receivers fees,
which In composition are small. He
of course pays the lawyers
If there is no compromise a trustee
is elected by the creditors. Both in
the election of trustee and in a COM
ally attempts to safeguard himself by
creating friendly creditors. He fire.
quently finds his father or brothers
or friends on the lists~of creditors fer
large amounts, and alsp a number of
small creditors, thereby enabling him
to have the majority of the votes nee
essary for a compromise or the cleo
tion of a trustee.
The duty of trustee Is to pay all
the expenses of a bankruptcy In
amounts fixed by the court and to dis
tribute what Is left In dividends to the
creditors. The attorney for the bank
rupt. the attorney for the petitioning
creditors, the attorney for the re-
ceiver and the attorney for the trustee
present statements Of their servicesl
from which the amount of their fees
are fixed by the referee In bankruptcy.
Fees for Lawyers. Receiver, DC;
All Get Theirs" Except Creditors
AS to these fees and charges, the
report Of. the committee OF the Mer-
chant@ Association says: Look at
the papers In a completed bankruptcy
case and see the amount that has gone
to keepers, commissioners, referee.
trustee. receiver, auctioneer. appraiser,
attorney for petitioning creditors, at
torney for bankrupt, attorney for
trustee and attorney for the receiver,
and you will wonder why It is that the
estate OF bankrupt is not at once
forfeited to these gentlemen"
The theory of the bankruptcy law
is sound, that the court should ap-
point a receiver to conserve the as
sets until the creditors elect a trustee
who shall act for them. This theory
also is that where the debtor of his
own accord goes into bankruptcy he
shall do so by a voluntary proceeding,
and that there shall be involuntary
proceedings only when the creditors
deem bankruptcy advisable for their
interest.
The difficulty is that the bankruptcy
practice has seriously departed from
the theory and intent OF the law.
AS to this. the report states: THE
present methods OF administering the
bankruptcy law are seriously defec-
tive and tend needlessly to divert from
the creditors an exceedingly
large part OF the assets in bankruptcy
cases. The procedure could
readily be greatly simplined B.
and the entire business community
would he greatly benefited by bringing
about such reforms"
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

made him a master of arts in 1915
The prize awarded him is for chemis-
try, 1922. DR.. Aston has been the sec
retary of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society since 1920.
Prof. Frederick Soddy, who wa
made Fellow of the Royal Society il
1910 and Lees professor of inorganic
and physical chemistry at oxford Uni
versity in 1919, was born at East
bourne, September 2, 1877, and received
his education at Eastbourne College
the University of Wales and at Mertof
College, oxford. For two years (1s00
1902 he served as demonstrator o
chemistry at McGill University, Mont
real In 1913 he was awarded the
CanIiizzaro prize at Rome, Italy, and
his most recent award is the Nobel
Prize for 1921 for chemistry. In u
lecture delivered in the Digbeth In
stitute, Birmingham, England. Prof
Soddy suggested the revolution ia
mans existence which will follow the
finding OF tho secret of the artificial
transmutation of the elements, goal
now before science as the result Of the
discovery of radio-activity.
y
researches into the structure of the
atom earned him the physics prize
for 1922, was born in Copenhagen I'm
1885. In that particular domain he is
the youngest scientist to be so hon
ored by the Nobel prize committee
Since 1916 Prof Bohr has held the
chair In theoretical physics at the
University of Copenhagen. For some
years he was also attached TO an Eng
lish university as instructor. In his
studies and findings he has gone fur
ther than Sir Ernst Rutherford. a
former Nobel prize winner. in that
the Danish scientist has solved the
problem of the relations OF the inner
structure OF matter to the planetary
electrons.
Prof. Bohr, however gives full credit
TO Sir Ernst as leader. and declares
that his researches have been built
on what the English scientist already
had revealed. He likewise says that
he owes much to Prof. Planck's theory
which broke definitely with the classi-
cal mechanism, such as Newton's, as
well as the classical electro-dynamic
theory advanced by Maxwell.
When presented with the award
Prof. Bohr expressed his satisfaction
that the 1921 prize had gone TO Prof
Einstein. whose 'lsbors in hts indi-
vdual field the. Danish scholar had
utilized to the Pull He gave Il as his
opinion that the day of merely theo-
rotical opinion was vanishing quickly
TO give place TO practical application
OF Just such scientific deductions as
Einstein's. Chemistry and physics, he
affirmed. were striking UP a much
closer partnership than in the past.
and the photographic experiments that
now yielded such big results were
gradually bringing the big men OF
science into al inter-relationship that
promised much for mankind
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
BY REAR ADMIRAL w. F.
FULLAM, u. S. Navy (Retired). !.

~ URING his speech making tour,
NJ Clemenceau never once
- mentioned the Washington
Arms Conference nor the treaties. HIS
silence seemed ominous though it was
rumored that both Clemenceau and
Ambassador Jusserand had cabled
home that non ratification would dam
age the relations between France and
the United States. This rumor was
not confirmed but it is now reported
that upon the eve of sailing Clemen-
ceau has declared in favor of the inn
mediate ratification of the treaties by
France! If so he has at the last mo-
ment felt the pulse of the American
people and said the one thing OF al
others that would best tend to make
his mission to this country a success.
In the meantime section of the
French Chamber has expressed hos
tility to the treaties and NJ. Mandei
an important member, has resigned
from the committee having charge of
these measures because OF President
~
ratification! The situation is puz-
zling. An explanation from Farls Is
awaited!
Il Is beyond question that France
will lose the sympathy IL not the
friendship of the United States If
she obstructs the acceptance of the
treaties. The vast majority of the
people Of this country heartily ap-
prove the work Of the Washington
conference in every detail. They re-
gard the naval holiday and the battle
ship ratios as righteous and fair. They
rightly consider the treaties as the
most wonderful and benef1cent ac-
complishment Of u century. IL any
nation or combination Of nations
wrecks or seeks to wreck this work
they may be regarded as inimical to
world peace and will bring upon them
selves the just censure Of humanity.
The United States. England and
Japan have done their duty. japan
has fulfilled all her obligations de-
spite many predictions that she would
play a selfish and sinister game in
the East.
The attitude Of France and italy Is
snexplicable even on the basis of their
own interests. Against whom would
they use dreadnaughts? Are they
thinking Extensively of Japan, England
and the United States? If they were
to enter the building race they would
bankrupt themselves to no purpose.
Have they the money? Would it not
be better for them to pay their debts?
There are no nations on the' conti-
nent Of Europe~ that can threaten
France and Italy upon the sea. They
are the only Powers in Europe proper,
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Tobacco the Least
of Social Poisons

or tea, coffee, alcohol and tobacco
which have been called the social pol
sons. the last named is said by many
physicians to do least harm to the
human system. Alcohol by these doc
tors is admitted to be most deleterious
and tea and coffee are about equal IN
their harmful effects. In the case OF
tobacco the heart Is said to quickly
accustom itself to a certain amount.
and smokers who one day exceed or
do not smoke up" to this regular ra-
ton feel that something Is wrong. In
three days of abstinence the system
entirely frees itself from nicotine,
while weeks and months are re-
uuired to drive out the alcohol taint.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Yakima Indians Mourn
Loss of Huckleberry Crop

Yakima Indians in tho State OF
Washington are highly incensed be-
cause sheep grazing on Mount Adams
huckleberry fields have destroyed their
age old natural resource.
The red men who each year make
trips 60 the wild berry fields OF the
mountainous regions have appealed 20
Governor Hart 20 protest the pastur-
ing Of livestock in certain parts OF the
national forest reserves where Wild
fruit abounds.
Klickitat and Yakima Indians from
the earliest traditions Of these tribes
have annually depended upon the prod
ucts OF the berry fields for part Of
their winter, supplies and the part OF
Mount Adams where huckleberries
grow profusely they call Sweet Mecca.
by the Indian name Of Husum.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
The Home Town
On Broadway

A part of the days routine in any
small town for the men takes them
out to the street corner. where a
group forms about o'clock and dis
cusses affairs of the United States
and international problems, with here
and there a mouthful OF small town
gossip.
Migrating TO the city villagers say
they miss this sidewalk forum. But
IL is here. A stranger has only to
go to the nearest corner on an avenue
through which the IL runs to find
the same conditions. the same opin-
ions. the same scandal restricted to
the immediate neighborhood.
II won't be long before the villager
finds his level and begins to feel at
home. for actually wheatville and
Metropolisville are alike In human
essentials.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

this question. What did their battle
ships accomplish in the world war?
Did they force the Dardanelles? Did
they blockade andsbombard the Aus
trian coast and defeat submarines
in the Mediterranean? They did not.
And it is only fair to them to state
that the combined battleship fleets Of
England and America-about three
times the strength Of Germany-did
not force the DardaneHes nor the
Skagerrak, nor did they lombard or
attack the German bases. They failed
TO do all these things. Submarines and
mines prevented. And now, to-day, air
forces using bombs, torpedoes. and
mines will greatly add to the limita-
tions of battle fleets. What can they
do? Where can they go?
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

with the exception of England, that
have navies! Are they threatening
each other. or afraid of each other?
Even if this is the explanation of their
attitude it does not justify them in
building battleships, These are the
most useless of all weapons to them,
either i'm warning against each other
or against any other power.
Air forces and submarines are the
weapons they most need-and the
weapons that each has most reason to
fear. What would France and Italy
do with battleships? Let them answer
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
British Military Activity
And Efficiency Everywhere

Coming into Palestine from the
north and taking the railroad at Haiia
for Jerusalem there is evidence every
where OF British military acuvity'
Haifa is the first large town IN tne
north in which there are extensive
evidences of British control, but mere
IL moves in that efficient manner for
which the British are noted. The cab
drivers In Haifa no longer ask any
price they think their fare can pay.
They have schedule. fair one ana
any attempt at overcharse has only 10
be reported TO the British controi ana
that cab driver bas vacation from
work for several days. AZ a result the
rates In Haifa and other cities OF
Palestine are fair.
Going into Jerusalem from the nortn
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
News Service
Busy Among All Classes

That Intangible but efficient news
source Of all the Orient which Tor a
better name we of the Western nations
call the grapevine" is working in its
usual efficient manner in Palestine.
AS an example, the bootblack at my
hotel a few days ago asked me II 1t
was true that the French were going
to withdraw from Syria and turn part
Of the country over to the Kemaiists.
The same evening, talking with a STAN
officer of Sir Herbert Samuel, he
asked me the same question.
This question was put to me in both
instances because J had been travelling
with q French official mission through
SYRIA for nearly three weeks. but the
fact that the bootblack in the street
and the staff of the High Commits
sioner were both informed on the same
question which had not been mentioned
by the press is significant OF the way
news travels in this country.
And these questions were put many
days before anything had como up In
the French Parliament in Paris reia-
tive TO cutting the budget for french
occupation in Syria and long before
there was any rumor that Gen.
Gouraud, French High Commissioner
might resign because his appropria-
ton and his military forces were TO
be cut. II tho program In the Cham
Der went through. This Gouraud IN
cident was followed by n report that
Aleppo. HONS, Hama and Damascus
might be given autonomous govern
ment or be turned over to the Arabs,
another disquieting report to the Brit
ish here, who do not want anytnins
like the Turk on the northern frontier
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
RACIAL ISSUE
IN PALESTINE

Special Correspondence TO THE NEW YofK
HnRALD.
JERUSALEM, Nov. IL.
"HE protection of the alleged
weak is a fine theory, beaut-
l. full conception, of altruistic
minds. but when applied TO people In
the mass. as is the case under the
British mandate In Palestine, it has Its
disadvantages, especially to the pro-
teetors. The British are finding this
out more and more as the months go
on in Palestine and they work on
the scheme for a great homo for the
Jews of the world.
Sir Herbert Samuel, holding his
headquarters at Government House.
short distance outside the walls Of
this ancient city, must have many bad
moments in trying to govern this
melange OF races which inhabits the
HOLY City and the country round
about. He and his officers, civil and
military, have to keep their eyes to
the north, where France rules Syria,
and IL a barrier between the Turks Of
Asia Minor and Palestine, for any
change in policy which might give the
Turks a foothold on the borders or
Palestine.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

University, and in 1911 he was given
the chair of physics at Prague. In
1914 a special position was made for
Einstein at the University of Berlin,
where he was elected member of the
Royal Academy of Sciences. He was
elected foreign associate OF the Royal
Society of Great Britain in 1921. He
began his studies in relativity in 1905.
to the United States and lectured on
his theory.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
All Near East in Ferment:;
Jealous of Western Powers

In fact the whole Near East is more
or less In a ferment, and the peoples
Of those countries whose civilization
is among the most ancient IN the
world are one and all suspicious, Jeai-
Gus and hostile to the government or
Western Powers. This may sound ex-
treme. but IL any one with an un-
biased mind, with no pre-conceived
prejudice against the Mohanmedan
peoples, will pass short time In
these countries and talk to people or
every race and every stratum OF So
ciety. he will soon become convinced
Of the seeming impossible task or
amalgamating the Mohammedans,
Jews and Christians
There is an especially hard feeiing
against the large numbers OF jews
who are coming into Palestine from
other countries, backed by the money
of the great Zionist movement, most
Of which cash comes from the United
States. Sir Herbert Samuel, who
rules the destinies Of Palestine unoer
the British mandate, Is Jew, ana
naturally he gives special consioera-
ton to his own people.
This has caused and is continuing 10
cause friction with other inhabitants
Of the country, especially with the
Arabs. and as a. result England is In
no happy position while controiilns
the destinies Of the country. her
large Mohammedan populations In
various parts Of the empire make IL
inadvisable for her to be severe on the
agitation and occasional acts OF vio-
lence by the Arabs against the Jews,
and yet she must stand up for the lat
ter because Of the great financial and
moral backing they have from coun-
tries of the Western World.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
By WILLIAM M'MURTRIE sPEER.

TIME Merchants Association
through a special committee
= will try TO reform the bank
ruptcy law and the bankruptcy prac-
tice. The results of many recent bank
ruptcies have been so unsatisfactory
to the creditors that a study has been
made by the committee on CONNER
cial law of the Merchants Association
OF the evils that have developed. Their
basic criticism is that bankruptcy
proceedings are too involved, too ex-
pensive too long drawn out and that
the creditors are the losers.
The original object Of the bank
Suptcy law was to enable man who
had made an honest failure to start
over again with a clean slate and to
insure that his creditors had fairly
distributed to them all of his assets.
Without bankruptcy law judgments
might hang over a man for years and
prevent him from doing business in
his own name or getting on his feet
again. One creditor by harsh methods
might secure advantages over more
Jenient creditors. The theory of the
law was that man who was unable
70 pay his debts should turn over to
an officer appointed by the court all
of his assets; that the creditors should
then elect trustee who would realize
on these assets and distribute the pro-
Ceeds. unless terms of settlement or
compromise satisfactory 10 the cred
stors were made with the debtor.