Evening star., 1922-09-10
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and Drake had sailed around the
world worthless America was but
. great barrier to a direct route to
Asia.
Consequently when Frobisher re-
turned with the discovery of a strait
upon one side Of which lay America
and upon the other Asia. he was re-
ceived with acclaim and honors.
promptly reftted and ordered back
for moro gold.
Owing to the comparatively crude
Instruments Of our early navigators
for determining their position as
Economically, the exact location of
Frobisher's strait remained q mys-
terry until the work Of an American
explorer, Charles Francis Hall.
brought to light relics of the expedi-
ton in what is now Frobisher
bay on the eastern shores of Bafin
Land.
Bold Geography Makers.
Since the work OF Hall, siKty-two
years ago, practically nothing has
been done to plan this great land.
stretching through twelve degrees Of
latitude and twenty Eight degrees Of
longitude, accurately, on the map.
Much has been done with a boldness
hard to conceive to place 1t mac
curately upon the pages of our
school Biographies. and without pro-
test from the many so-called geo
graphical societies." Cartographers
seem determined to admit of no con-
jectural lines, but fill in with crooks
and crinkles and a sprinkling of is
land dots coast line that the eye Of
man has never seen.
Tho eastern coast Of Baffin Land we
know only from the reports OF Charles
Francis Hail. from English and Ameri-
can whalemen; the southern coast from
the early visits and work Of British ex-
plorers. Parry. Lyon. Batch, and Ameri-
can whaling ships when seeking pro-
teotion from the ice when on their
annual cruises to the whaling grounds
west Of Southampton Island; the west
ern coast from the meager account of
Northwest Fox, who sailed northward
to the arctic circle in 1881. roughly
plotting capes and indentations from
tho ships deck.
First: A Ship to Go In.
Tho most important and very neces-
sary item of the equipment OF any
arctic exploration is tho ship. which
kettle To Vnvifhefa nd
the shocks of contact. the pressure and
the grind Of heavy pack ice. This pre-
caution is most reasonable, when one
considers the physical peculhrities Of
Ice. A common pan Of ice, 50130x15,
against which the ship bumps. grinds
and piles her strength day after day,
weighs 1,350,O00 pounds.
the water, 200 feet long and $50 feet
1890, ,0e0, 600 pounds. In comparison with
such q weight the largest ship ever
built is but pygmy.
Are we surprised that the strong
ships, caught between the relentless
jaws Of the two approaching ice fields
pletely turned inside out. Safety In the
face of such a danger depends upon
ones experience and ones judgment
more than on the material strength or
design of the ship. but much can be
done in the building to mitigate the
danger Of navigation in the Arctic seas.
Small Ship IL Best.
An arctic ship should be as small as
possible. That u, not one whit larger
than Is necessary to carry equipment
and provisions of the personnel, plus
the element Of seaworthiness in tra-
yersink the waters en- route to its OBJ
jective point. theoretically = small
ship can be constructed sounder than
large one: she will lift more easily
when under pressure. she Will negotiate
narrower leads and turn sharper cor
h..ez he La nd fox. Al