The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1922-02-16

4 grow her cattle better TO fully salts
lfy our demand"
| Vermont has an excellent demand
for its surplus cattle, but in ordertore-
tain this demand farmers must pay
more attention to raising better stock
There is danger Of diminishing the
number Of high grade cattle through
shipping them out Of the state unless
farmers begin TO breed and to grow
better cattle.
| Vermont, with It's abundance Of nat
ural pasturage and its abundance OF
skimmilk, should be the breeding
ground for unlimited numbers Of the
highest type Of dairy cows. BY feed
ing and thus marketing skimmilk
through calves, farmers will not only
enhance the fertility and value Of their
farms. but will receive more for their
skimmilk in this form, will help solve
the ever present surplus milk problem
and will build up better. bigger and
greater industry in the whole state.
Microscopic Bacterial Analysis of
Milk
The use OF the microscope in the
dairy industry in direct microscopic
examination Of raw milk and cream in
determining the bacteria count or stan
dard Of quality has gained much favor
among the dairy plants, dealers and
Boards Of Health during the past few
years. II is recognized by the Ameri-
can Public Health association as an
official test for counting the bacteria in
milk or cream, Of differentiating the
standard Of quality as good, fair or
poor. The essential feature in the use
Of the microscope is the fact that the
test is rapid, practical and gives
history Of the general conditions un-
der which such milk has been produc-
ed. Such factors as unclean utensils,
inefficient cooling Of milk or cream,
age Of these products, and udder in
fection, affecting the bacteria count,
can easily be detected. The time is
not far off when the ereameries ship
ping fluid milk or cream will consider
the microscope an essential part Of the
factory equipment. During the past
four months more than a dozen coop
erative creameries in Vermont have
added to their equipment the micro
scope. Several Of the plants are grad
ing milk on bacteria count basis, and
paying the patrons according to the
standard Of quality
The State Department Of Agricul-
ture will be glad to assist any factory
in Vermont in giving instructions in
the use Of the microscope for grading
the quality Of milk and cream.
Storing Ice for Factory Use.
The storing of ice at the creameries
and shipping stations for cooling milk
and cream during the summer season,
and also for icing cars in milk and
cream shipments, is imperative in or
der that full supply be stored in sec
tions of New England states where
the natural ice can be secured.
The amount Of ice to put into stor-
age for creamery use depends upon
local conditions and methods Of hand
ling the products. As a basis for fig |
uring the approximate amount needed,
the following may be used: one ton Of
ice per year for following amount Of
products handled: milk, $4,000 lbs,
cream, 10000 lbs, butter 1000 lbs.
These figures are based on actual
amounts Of ice necessary for cooling
purposes, and do not take into consid-
GRAFTON shrinkage, or ice used for icing
cars. II is assumed that the water
supply will be used for part Of the
cooling. The amount Of ice is based
on a period Of eight months. II cars
are iced in shipment Of milk or cream,
not less than one ton per car per day
should be figured. The percentage Of
shrinkage will vary from 10 to 20f6 4
depending upton the construction Of
ice house and the manner Of packing.
Size of ice house: one cubic foot Of
ice weighs SIS lbs. A space Of 40
cubic feet will hold approximately one
ton Of ice
Annual Dairy Statistical Reports-Is2I !
Section 1898 Of the Vermont Gener-
al Laws reads - follows:
"on or before the first day Of March
of each year all creameries, cheese
factories, condensaries and receiving
stations shall send the commissioner h,
n agriculture q full and accurate re-
port Il the amount u business done
turing the preceding year. together
with such other statistical information
b he may require 4 person who We .
ates 9 provision of this section shall
le fined twenty-five dollars"