The New York herald., 1922-02-11
DETAIL OF TREATIES
OUTLINEDBY HUGHES
Results of Arms Conference
Should Be Taken as
Whole, He Says.
NAVAL CUTS ASSURED
Race of Nations in Fleet
Construction Now
at an End.
SHANTUNG CASE SETTLED
Finish of Anglo-Japanese AL
lance Emphasized as One
of Features.
sHANTUNG CASE SETTLED

Special Dispatch to TIE NEW YonK HERALD
New York Herald Bureau.
Washington. ID. c., Feb. 10.
Secretary Hughes's official analysis
of the treaties adopted by the Confer
ence on the Limitation of Armament,
Pacific and Far Eastern Questions,
contained in his official report as
chairman of the American delegation,
which President Harding to-day sub
mitted to Congress, is as follows:
ITO estimate correctly the character
and value Of these several treaties, res
olutions and fcrma, declarations they
should be considered as whole. Each
one contributes its part in combination
with the others toward the establish
ment OF conditions IL which peaceful Sc
curty will take the place of competitive
preparation for war.
''The declared object was. in it's naval
aspect, 10 stop the race of competitive
building of warships which was in proc
ess, and which was so distressinsly like
the competition that Immediately pre-
ceded the war OF 1914.
Competitive arr ament. however. Is
the result of a STAT of mind in which a
national expectation of attack by some
other country causes preparation to
meet the attack. To stop competition 1t
is necessary to deal with the state of
mind from which /. results A belief in
the pacific intentions of other Powers
must be substituted for suspicion and
apprehension.
"The negotiation which led to the
four Power treaty were the process of
attaining that new state OF mind. and
the four Power treaty itself was he ex-
| preston of that new state OF mind. 1t
terminated the Ans lo-Japanese alliance
and substituted friendly conference in
place of war as the first reaction from
! any controversies which might arise in
the region OF the Pacific: 1t would not
have been possible except as part OF a
plan including a lin itation and reduc-
ton of naval arr.aments, but that
limitation and reduction would not have
been possible without the new relations
established by the four Power treaty or
something equivalent to II.
Fair Treatment for China.
"The new re.ations declared in the
| four Power treaty could not, however,
! inspire confidence or be reasonably as
sured of continuance without a specific
understanding rs co the relations of the
Powers TO China Such an understand
ing had two asuects. One related to Sc
curing fairer treatment OF China. and
the other related to the competition for
trade and Industrial advantages In China
between the outside Powers.
"An agreement covering both OF these
grounds in a rather fundamental way
was embodied in the first article OF the
general nine power treaty regarding
China. In order however, to bring the
rules set out in that article out of the
realm of mere abstract proportions and
make them practical rules of conduct. 1t
was necessary to provide for applying
them so far as the present conditions of
government and social order in China
permit This was done by the remain
ing provisions of the general nine power
treaty and Chinese customs treaty and
the series of formal resolutions adopted
by the conference in It's plenary ses-
sions. and the formal declarations made
a part of the record of the conference.
THE scope of action by the confer
ence in dealing with Chinese affairs was
much limited BY the disturbed condi-
tions OF government in China which
/ have existed since the revolution OF
1911, and which still exist, and which
render effective action by that Govern
ment exceedingly difficult and in some
directions impracticable. In every case
the action of the conference was taken
with primary reference to giving the
greatest help possible 10 the Chinese
people in developing n stable and erfec-
tive Government really representative OF
the people of China.