The Red Cloud chief., 1922-07-13
BY JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN

800 NJ America are also free and indepen-
h11nntXH dent and that America set the ex
UlllIll'IER, ample.
c}QQpV' When the American congress
adopted the Declaration Of Indepen
dence 1t was not only announcement to the world
of the independence Of the original thirteen
colonies but aso prophecy of the forthcoming
independence of most of the Western Hemis-
phere. So there many Independence Days on
this side of the Atlantic.
Mexico celebrates September 16. 1t that
day in 1870 that Miguel Hldago, pastor of
Colores rang his church bell and proclaimed in
dependence to his flock For ten years his head
was be seen spike corner of the
Alhondlga de Granadtas in Guanajuato and in
dependence was not secured until 1921.
The Central American countries celebrate Sep
tember Is. Guatemala declared independence on
that date In 1921. the other countries following
its example soon after.
In South America Venezuela deposed its royal
governor April 20, 1870 July s. 1911, Bolivar
brought about formal declaration of independ-
and Il Republican constitutional form OF
government. So Venezuela observes holiday on
each Of these days.
Chile celebrates September 49, In 1910 1t
ganized government when Napoleon tumbled
Ferdinand VII off from the throne of Spain.
Other South American countries celebrate In
dependence day on the following dates: Argentina,
May %; Bolivia, August 6; Colombia, July 80;
Ecuador, August 10; Paraguay, May 1415; Peru
July 2S30; Uruguay, February 2S.
z,
1922 the date of the separation OF Brazil from
Portugal, though the nation did not become n
republic till the revolution of 1889. That is why
Brazil will celebrate century of Independence
by an international exposition TO be opened this
coming September.
This centennial exposition will be held In Rio
de Janero. 1t will open September 7, and con-
tinue until March 81, 1923. Rio de Janero Is city
with more than million people. 1t Is most
picturesquely situated the Bay Of Guanabnra
,,lnII Ixy
mountains It's odd name-River of January
from the fact that January l. 1881, Martin
Alfonso sailed through the gateway dominated by
Sugar Loaf Peak into the almost land-locked bay
and thought 1t was the mouth Of mighty
stream
Several years ago when the authorities decided
to improve and modernlze Rio de JaneriO, this
plan included the condemnation and removal of
nearly 600 small buildings in order to construct
wide avenue, known as Avenida Rio Branco 1t
extends north and south a distance of about
mile and n half, and is 40 feet wide. Rows Of
Pau Brazil. the species of tree from which the
republic derives its name, occupy the center, the
sides being used for traffic. This avenue also
serves as a connecting link between sections Of
the bay. Along Avenida Rio Branco stand many
of the capitals business structures hotels, cafes,
newspaper plants and Office buildings. At ap-
prOXmately the halfway point OF the Avenda the
electric street car system OF Rio de Janeiro CEN
ters
Avenda Rio Branco will unite the two sections
of the exposition grounds The several areas
designated for exposition purposes lie along or
near the water front. The site where native
Brazilian products will be exhibited Is plot Of
ground having water on two sides; and from this
plaza street extending along the water front TO
the Monroe Palace. of the city's most beauti-
full and commanding structures has been desg-
mated as the "Avenida do Nacaes" (Avenue of Ma
tons), along which will stand the official pavilions
of foreign governments. BY far the largest
available for exposition purposes is that lying at
the opposite end of the Avenlda Rio Branco In
the vicinity OF the new docks and warehouses,
where large exhibits, such as machinery and
locomotives, find abundant space
In a general way Brazil will endeavor to show
the world some Of the vital influences that have
made the country grow and prosper. The exposi-
zion will reflect agricultural development, progress
in stock-raisng, fishing, and mining; the growth
of mechanical industries; transportation progress
on land, rivers, and along the coast; postal and
telegraph services; the work OF Brazilian artists
and SCIENTISTS; the development Of commerce; (;
and the production and conservation of foods.
The United States is to be represented. Plans
for its participation have been completed by a
special commission appointed by President Har-