, 1922-07-06

IaxLAJ M nullOnS OF central ana SOuln
S1SIrs America are also free and indepen-
h000D1W dent and that America set the ex-
yuQDDG "T when tn. American congress.
adopted the Declaration of Indepen-
dence it was not only announcement to the world
of the independence of the original thirteen
colonies, but also. a prophecy of the forthcoming
independence of most of the Western Hemis-
Iphere. So there are many Independence Days on
this side of the Atlantic.
Mexico celebrates September 16. 1t was on that
day in 1910. that Miguel Hidalgo. pastor of
COlores. rang his church bell and proclaimed in
dependence to his flock. For ten years his head
was to be seen on u spike on a corner of the
Alhondlga de Granaditas in Gunnajuato and in
dependence was not secured until 1921.
The Central American countries celebrate Sep
TENDER 10. Guatemala declared independence on
that date In 1921, the other countries following
its example soon after.
In South America Venezuela deposed its royal
governor April 20. 1910. July 8. 1911, Bolivar
brought about n formal declaration of independ-
ence and Il Republican constitutional form of
government. So Venezuela observes a holiday on
each Of these days.
Chile celebrates September IS. In 1910 it or
ganized Il government when Napoleon tumbled
Ferdinand VII or from the throne of Spain.
Other South American countries celebrate In
dependence day on the following dates: Argentina,
May %: Boilviu. August 8; Colombia. July 30;
Ecuador, August 10; Paraguay, May 1+-15; Peru,
July $3.50; Uruguay, February %.
bEhNu uhteS us INDEPENDENCE from september 4,
1922. the date OF the separation OF Brazil from
Portugal. though the nation did not become a
republic till the revolution of 1889. That is why
Brazil will celebrate a century of independence
by an International exposition to be opened this
coming September.
This centennial exposition will he held In Rio
de Janeiro. 1t will open September 7. and con
tinue until March 81, 1923. Rio de Janeiro Is a city
with more than a million people. 1t Is most
picturesquely situated on the Bay of Guanabara
which is dotted with islands and surrounded by
mountains. Its odd n~ame-Rlver of january
comes from the fact that January l, 1881, Martin
Alfonso sailed through the gateway dominated by
Sugar Loaf Peak Into the almost lnnd-locked hay
and thought IL was the mouth of IA mighty
stream.
Several years ago when the authorities decided
to improve and modernlze Rio de Janerio. this
plan included the condemnation and removal OF
nearly 6O small buildings in order to construct
- wide avenue, known as Avenlda Rio Branco. 1t
extends north und south a distance of about Il
mile and u half, and Is 40 feet wide. Rows OF
Pau Brazil. the species of tree from which the
republic derives It's name. occupy the center. the
sides being used for traffic. This avenue also
serves Ms n connecting link between sections of
the bay, Along Avenida Rio Branco stand many
of the capitals business structures, hotels. cafes.
newspaper plants. and office buildings. AT mp
proximatcly the halfway point of the Avenidu the
electric street ear system Of Rio de Jnneiro cen
tiers.
Aveniiu Rio Brnnco will unite the two sections
W NV FNl'SiAiti ElpNuuS. lHt several HTeuS
designated for exposition purposes lie along or
near the water front. The site where native or
Brn2ilian products will he exhibited is II plot Of
ground having water on two sides and from this
plasl, n street extending along the water front To
tie Moproe Palace, one Of the cty's most heuuti-
fui aud commanding structures. has been desig-
mated ~ the "Avenida do Nacaes" CAvenue of Ma
ticns). along which will stand the official pavlllons
of foreign governments. BY far the largest area
available for exposition purposes is that lying Mt
the opposite end OF the Avenlda Rio Brnnco. In
the yciuty Of the new docks and warehouses.
where large exhibits, such as machinery and
locomotives, find abundant space.
In 4 general way. Brazil will endeavor to show
the world some OF the vital influences that have
made ihr comtry grow and prosper. The exposI-
tion VIII retect agricultural development, progress
IN Slnrt rnising. fishing, and mining: the growth
of mechpuicni Industries transportation progress
on ltud. rivers. and along the coast; postal and
telcgrnph SerVices. the work OF Brazilian artists
nnd s%ricntists; the development or commerce:
anu HE production and conservation of foods.
Ihr unliei Stntes Is to he represented. Plans
ff rs participation have been completed by n
hp"'ahl oHoo,;ssIon appointed by President Har-