davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01
Pope Not iii, Merely Busy,
ExnIains POSTPONED Audience!

ROME, Aug. 81 (By The Associated
Press) AT the Vatican to-day denial
was made that the postponement Of
papal audiences was due to Pope Plus
being ILL., 1t was asserted that a post
ponement of the audiences announced
for tomorrow was due only to a desire
of the Pontiff to complete several tasks
he had undertaken during what he
termed his vacation while the floors
f of the consistoral hall and the pom
tifical chamber were being re-
paired.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01
Miss Ruth Ely, of Red Bank,
Bride of War Gross Winner
specsa, Dispatch to The Tribune

SpecsdE Ds8pdtcH 70 TIC ITabNNe
RED BANK, N. J., Aug. Miss
Ruth Lupton Ely, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry Douglas Ely, was married
to-day at the home Of her parents to
Mr.. Benjamin Leonard Atwater, treas
urer of the Borough Of Red Bank The
ceremony was followed by wedding
breakfast, after which the couple left
for a trip through Nova Scotia.
Aero Club of America, and as a lieu
tenant of the Goth Aero Squadron was
awarded the Distinguished Service
Cross for heroism in action near
Landres-et-St. Georges, France, in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01
Newspaper Editor Quits
After so Years. Ser

When the issue of the Boonton, NJ
j., weekly Bulletin" was completed on
the presses yesterday afternoon, S. T..
Garrison, editor and proprietor for the
last fifty years, laid aside his pencils
and proofs and retired from business.
New Jersey.
Mr.. Garrison served two terms as
member of the Legislature and was
Mayor of Boonton.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01
DANIEL P. DUNN.
Special Dispatch to The Tribune

Special Dispatch to The Tribune
HARTFORD, Conn, Aug. 31.-Daniel
P. Dunn, Mayor Of Willimantic for FIVE
successive terms ending two years ago,
died this afternoon in Willimantic,
where he conducted news and sta
tionory store. He was one of the lead
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01
MSS Mary appleton
20 BE Bride October a
. pc Welded { 10 William II.
p1o''n Sd at ST. Thon,as's:
LII, Ldse Bishon,s 60, :, M

Hiss fga. III 10 IFgUTFY
81. ana nary nary Appleton. daughter II
ensfsII BITS nrs, Murry La b ont. Of loo 90
~. Win arA South, will be Inay,;ad Z ~ ~
Mr. ans MN NJ Hartman Brown al son so o ~
On Wesnaaaas. William Harman Ryovn
mons ss sissaay, October 4. Tbs ea ~
s1r. Erne.. oe performed By the Psv
eaEreh q Stires at ST. Thonaaa as ~
sisters :, Va .iarse Milholland will h. har
tss's a- Haid Of honor. Mics 49,, nsf
'aesmaid via iaslaSe g gl!s.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Helen Johnson, Miss Joan Brown, Miss
Beatrice Post and Miss Constance Will
cox. Mr.. William Fahnestock jr. will
act as Mr.. Browns best man. The
ushers include Mr.. Herbert Lee Pratt
jr., Mr.. ]. Clarke Milholland, Mr..
Carne Weeks, Mr.. Russell C. Clark, Mr..
Donald F. Bush and Mr.. Walter D.
Plaza after the ceremony. Upon the
return of the couple from their we'd
ding trip they will reside on the north
shore Of Long Island.
Mr. Albert c. Burch, son of the late
Bishop Of New York and Mrs, Charles
Sumner Burch, will be married to-mor-
row to Miss Lucille Delmel, of San
dusky, Ohio, at the country home of
the brides parents, Cedar Point, Ohio.
They will make their home in San
dusky, where Mr.. Burch is in business.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick Sidney Bowen
have announced the engagement of
their daughter, Miss Marjorie Bowen,
Co Mr.. George 4. Niedner, son of Mrs.
George A. Niedner, of Summit, n. j.
Mrs. Robert T. Ford, of S75 Park
Avenue, has announced the engagement
Of her daughter, Miss Juliet Trim BILE
Ford, to Mr.. Godfrey T. F. Royle, son
of Mr.. Vernon Royle, of Stanmore
Park, England.
Miss Ford worked in the New York
office of the postal censorship during
the war. Mr.. Royle served in France
throughout the war as captain in the
awarded the Military Cross early in
1915. The wedding will take place in
London during the winter.
The Spanish Ambassador and Mad
anne De Riano have arrived in the city
from Washington and are staying at
the Ritz Carlton. They entertained in
the Japanese Garden at the Ritz yes
terday at luncheon. Mrs. Peter C..
Gerry was among their guests.
Mrs. Alfred N. Beadleston also en-
tartained at luncheon Yesterday in
the Japanese Garden at the Ritz.
Among her guests were Mrs. Richard
T. Wilson and Mrs. Patrick F. Murphy
Miss Jean Potter entertained in the
Roof Garden at Delmonico's yesterday
at luncheon for Mrs. Charles II. Sabin.
Mr. VI. Louise pOlSSeVdiH, WIZ ido
been in the city for the last few days,
has gone to Newport and will not re-
turn to his apartment at. the Wander
bilt for about two weeks.
Among those who entertained at
luncheon yesterday at Pierre's We're
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Shipman, Mr..
and Mrs. Alfred B. Maclay, Mrs. Vain
wright Home and Miss Virginia de
Haven.
Among those who entertained at din
ner last night at Pierre's were Mrs.
Charles H. Sabin and Mrs. j. Philip
Bernhard.
Mr.. w. A. Weldon Carter has arrived
in the city from New Haven and is
staying at the Lorraine.
Colonel and Mrs. George William
Burleigh, of AZ West Ninth Street, have
gone to Bar Harbor, where they will
visit Mrs. Burleigh's sister, Mrs, M.
Taylor Pyne.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

ing Democrats Of Connecticut ard IN
1919 was elected State Comptroller or
the ticket with Governor Simeon r.
BALDWIN.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

they provide the assistance necessary
to enable tho older boys and girls to
establish themselves in regions where
they have been entertained There are
literally thousands of men and women
to-day in the country regions SUR
rounding New York who FIRST went to
those regions as Fresh Air guests.
Stockbridge Entertains 500
One hundred girls and boys re-
turned to the city yesterday brown
and happy from vacations at st.
Helen's Home, near Stockbridge, Mass.
They were the fifth hundred who had
had vacations there this summer.
Every day for two weeks they had
bathed in the waters of the Stock
bridge Bowl, the prettiest lake in the
Bcrkshires; every day they had liked
and romped over the hills of that
lovely region Three times every day
they had drunk at their meals milk
from Jersey cows They showed the
results of all this in their appearance.
And they had had the times of their
lives-they said SO vociferous'y time
and again as they filed off the train
and tramped through the Grand Cen
trai Terminal.
Fifteen other youngsters came back
at the same time from Sunrise Farm
at Ridgefeld, Conn. These were all
girls, as plump and happy lot as
you could find in days journey. For
their two weeks Of vacation there was
placed at their disposal 400-acre
farm in what Is said to be enc OF
Connecticut's most beautiful regions.
Sunrise Farm is the newest vacation
home for New York Fresh Airs" II
was opened just month ago by Q
group of young women Ct Fairfield
Conn, who felt that they wanted to dc
something besides kill time during the
summer. Their venture has been 6
great success.
Contributions to the Tribune Fresh
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Birth, Engagement, Marriage,
9eath and In Memoriam Notices
may be telcphoned 10 The Tribune
any time up 10 midnight for in.
scrtion in the next dap's paper.
Telephone Beekman 5000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Sibe9our is remaining at the Ritz
Carlton.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01
ENGAGEMENTS

R0YLE--FoRD--Mrs. Robert r. Fosd, OF
SI6 Park ay., announces the engagement
OF her daughter, Mics Juliet TrinlblA
Ford to Mr.. Godfrey T. r. Royle son
Of Mr.. Vernon Royle. Of stanmors Park.
England.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Total August 81, 1922. ...... ss3,s22.1o
Contributions. preferably by check
or money order, should be sent to The
Tribune Fresh Air Fund, The Tribune,
New York City.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

prev,opa,v acknowledged ..$s3,3 7147
M nd Mrs I n - 400
Mrst = RI uufnaael - 1000
A friend OF Johnnie ana Susie. 10 90
f't tee w. e'esn ~" ] 1os72
Mrs, Robert a. Loveland ~ 500
The Misses Helen, Rosalind and
barbara Laimbeer ............ 2l.e0
mittee ................. 500
Mr. and Mrs George T. Ames f. 500
Miss "a T Smith ..'..... 200
Anna M. Ford ............ 200
Mrs. Christie pher G. Atwater. 500
Mrs A Murray Young ......... $500
Daniel Bacon ............... 1900
Adele Corey Hanson .......,... 500
Miss Bertha c. Brooks ........ 500
Funice Thomas .............. 1000
John O. McLenathen ........... 1000
Total, August a. 1922. $s3,s22.1o
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

The Spanish Ambassador and Mad
anne De Riano have arrived in the city
from Washington and are staying at
the Ritz-Carlton. They entertained in
the Japanese Garden at the Ritz yes
terday at luncheon. Mrs. Peter c.
Gerry was among their guests.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Mrs. Alfred N. Beadleston also en-
tartained at luncheon yesterdays in
the Japanese Garden at the Ritz.
Among her guests were Mrs. Richard
T. Wilson and Mrs. Patrick F. Murphy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Miss Jean Potter entertained in the
Roof Garden at Delmonico's yesterday
at luncheon for Mrs. Charles II. Sabin.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Mr.. Albert c. Burch, son of the late
Bishop of New York and Mrs. Charles
Sumner Burch, will be married to-mor-
row to Miss Lucille Delmel, of San
dusky, Ohio, at the country home of
the brides parents, Cedar Point, Ohio.
They will make their home in San
dusky, where Mr.. Burch is in business.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Mr.. G. Louise Boissevain, who has
been in the city for the last few days,
has gone to Newport and will not re-
turn to his apartment at. the Wander
bilt for about two weeks.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick Sidney Bowen
have announced the engagement of
their daughter, Miss Marjorie Bowen,
TO Mr.. George 4. Niedner, son of Mrs.
George A. Niedner, of Summit, n. j.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Among those who entertained at
luncheon yesterday at Pierre's were
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Shipman, Mr..
and Mrs. Alfred B. Maclay, Mrs. Vain
wright Home and Miss Virginia de
Haven
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-09-01

Colonel and Mrs. George William
Burleigh, of AZ West Ninth Street, have
gone to Bar Harbor, where they will
visit Mrs. Burleigh's sister, Mrs. M
TAYLOR Pyne.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
American Business in
 Germany Most Healthy

MERLIN. Aug. IA membership mark of 2.000 is rapidly being ap- preached by the American Chamber of Commerce in Germany, as com pared with a maximum enrolment of $50 before the war. The chamber was established in 1903 for the pur- pose of promoting trade relations be- tween the United States and Ger many. and especially the promotion of American foreign trade.
 For the past four or five months, it is officially stated. more than 100 applications for membership have been laid before the board of direc- tors at each of it's monthly meet ings. The constitution of the cham Der provides for two classes of mem bership. active and associate. The former includes the right to vote and hold office and is limited to Ameri can citizens; the latter is open to all non-American nationalities.
 The status of membership on June 12 showed 509 active and 1,041 as sociate members, the latter comprs ing exclusive life and honorary mem bers.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Poland Sending Testimonial
 To Hoover

WARSAW, Poland. Aug. 7.-One ol the most remarkable books ever made in Europe has just been completed here and will be sent to America It is "The Book of Signatures" and is addressed to Herbert Hoover in the name of scores of thousands oI Polish children, whose actual sigma ture. are included in the several hundred pages of the volume.
 Marshal Pilsudski. the Polish chic of state. wrote the first page. and other pages were written by mem bers of the Polish Parliament. the Cabinet, Cardinal Kakowski the Pol ish Protestant clergy. the Jewish Rabbs, the students and professors of the universities. and represents lives of all the arts. sciences, trades and crafts of Poland.
 The book is made entirely of Pol ish parchment and is bound in mag nificent hand-embossed leather done in the style of the mediaeyal manu script volumes.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
New Subterranean River
 Has Been Found in France

GENEVA. Aug. "A greats sub terranean river, with an outflow of 67 900 gallons of water a minute, has been discovered in the Mont Blanc region. Known as Faux Belles this river has thrown out many un derground tributaries which have formed small lakes and wells of ex tremely pure and cold water in the southeast districts of France and in some of the southern cantons of Switzerland.
 The origin of the river is the an cfent lower glaciers of Mont Blanc which 1t has been proved flow from the bottom as well as the top, the latter supplying indirectly the Rhone and the Rhine.
 The waters of Eaux Bellies at a depth of 9 10 5s yards beneath the mountains have carved ont wonder ful and beautiful caverns. grottoes and couloirs full of stalactites and stalagmites.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
NEW HAMPSHIRE PR|M ARIES TO
 BE VERY QUIET
No Senator's Term Expires Candidates for Congress,
 State Offices.

CONCORD, N. H.. Aug. 7-(By the Associated Press.) New Hamp- shMe's primary election will be held )n Tuesday, September ,, and nomin- ations will be for congressman gov arnor. members of the governor s council and the state legislature. There will be no senatorial primary Henry w. Reyes, junior United States Senator from this state, will not again face the voters until 1924, while George H. Moses, the senior senator. is secure in his place until 1926
 Candidates for governor on the Re publican side are Winsor H. Good now of Keene and Arthur G. White more of Dover The former ran sec ond in threecornered contest in he primary of two years ago, losing 70 Albert O. Brown. of Manchester. who was later elected. MT White nore has served in the Governor s "Cunci and was a member of the old tate railroad commission. John C. Hutchins of Stratford has declared himself es a gubernatorial candidate m the Democratic side
 Congressman sherman F. Bur ~ouehs of the First District has an 1ounccd that he will not be a can iidate for reelection Hobart Pills bury. fellow townsman. wishes to succeed Mir Burroughs and has re.
 -------------------
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
WET AND DRY WAR DECLARED
 IN MICHIGAN
Prohibition Question Will Play Leading Part in
 State Elections.

DETROIT, Aug 7.-(By the Asso- ciated Press. 1.-The wet and dry ques- tion is expected to play leading part in the political dramas that will be enacted in Michigan this year.
 Decision of the Michigan division of the National Association Opposed to Prohibition not to submit to the voters next fall proposed amend ment permitting the sale of beer and light wines within the state in the event of the Volstead acts modifica- tion, leaves this organization free to press it's fight in the various sena- torial. congressional and legislative campaigns. it was indicated.
 In announcing submission of light wine and beer amendment would be postponed, at least until the state election in the spring of 1923, Rob. ert Wardell Of Detroit, secretary of the anti-prohibition organization de clared his group would concern itself in every division of the campaign in Michigan this year, both in the primaries and general election.
 Drys Are Busy
 This announcement closely followed one by the state division of the Anti Saloon League, that said the drys were busy checking the record of every candidate for public office and would make flat-footed declaration concerning the leagues stand on each candidate sometime before the days set for balloting. The league al. ready has undertaken its investiga- tion of each candidate, it is an
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Railroad Riots Call for
 State Troops at Joliet

JOLIET. Ill.,, Aug. '. Special Agent Philip Reitz, of the Elgin. Joliet & Eastern, and an unidenti fled striker are dead and Sherir Jewkirk was seriously wounded Tn d riot today in the railway yards.
 Shortly after noon. Sherin Jew kirk called for state troops to take charge of the situation here.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Big Conference Is Held Be- tween President and
 Labor Union Heads.
SENIORITY QUESTION
 TO NOW BE DEBATED
Entire Matter Is Submitted to Railroad Labor Board
 Decision Final.

WASHINGTON, Aug. :. - Presi- dent Harding after a conference with the strike leaders this after. noon, made public telegrams call ing beth sides to submit the sen- ority question to the Railroad Labor Board The plan involves the men returning to work and the rail- roads assigning them jobs.
 Chairman Cummins, of the Sen ate Interstate Commerce Committee. attended the conference.
 The telegrams reminded that both parties had agreed to recognize the validity of the decisions of the Rail- road Labor Board.
 It is said at the White House that President Harding regards the step as the governments final move for voluntary action of railroads and men. Ms &
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Labor Agitator Is Run Out Of Colorado

DENVER, Aug. William z. Foster, noted labor agitator. was run out of Colorado yesterday by state Rangers. Foster is said Salt Lake City, Utah.
 to have come in disguise from
 The election of Foster was for the best interest of the state" Adjutant General Ham rock said, and mo law was con suited"
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
TRYING FOR
 GOVERNMENT
 FOR CHINESE
Supporter of Deposed South China President Slated
 for Premier.

PEKING, Aug 7.-President Ii Yuan Hung attempted his second reorganization of the cabinet on progressive lines and for the second time offered the premiership to a supporter of Dr. Sun Vat Sen, de- posed President of South China. The man named to head the ministry is Tang Shao Xxi, graduate of Colum- bia University and Sun. Yat Sens representative at Shanghai.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Fast Missouri-P acihc Passen. ger Hits Another Train
 at Water Tank.
FOUR REAR COACHES
 ARE CUT IN HALVES
Thirty-eight Are Killed and Over Hundred Injured
 Many Dying.

SULPHUR SPRINGS, Mo, Aug. :. Failure of the engineer to heed a block signal caused a rear-end colli- sion Saturday night in which 38 per sons were killed and 137 injured, 25 seriously.
 According to the railway officials, the death list will probably be in creased
 The block signal was set to warn Missouri & Pacific passenger train that another train was stopping to take water. The engineer either failed to see the signal or misinterpreted and sped on and the four rear coaches of the train were telescoped.
 Among the passengers on the train which was wrecked was troop of Boy Scouts returning from the sum mer camp.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
END OF STRIKE IN SIGHT.

CLEVEIIAND. Aug. T. - It Wfs stated this afternoon that the plan to end the strike of coal miners will be presented to the meeting here on Wednesday and has the approval of enough operators to insure sue cess if accepted by the men.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Right Rev. Paddock
 Suffers Breakdown

NEW YORK. Aug. 7-Right Rev Pohert Lewis Paddock. Bishop of Oregon. who came here last spring to appear before the Presiding Bishop to answer charges of disloyalty made against him by Episcopal clergy, and save his ministry. hes suffered a nervous collapse and is today sericNs- ly ill
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
British Delegation to
 U. s. Here Next Month

LONDON, Aug. ITO meet the United States governments conven- fence. the British delegation to ar range for the funding of the British debt to the United States will not arrive in Washineton until the end of September, Sir Robert Horne. chancellor of the exchequer, stated in the House today.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Atlantic Cable
 Is Cut Between U. 5. and Europe

NEW YORK, Aug. 7.-Com- munication from the United States with Ireland, France and Southern Europe has been cut cable station at Waterville, off probably by seizure of the Ireland, by the Republicans.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
SIN VAT SEN ILL.

LONDON, Aug. 7.-Dr. Sun Vat Sen is sufferng from mental trouble. Two foreign specialists have exam ined the deposed president of South China and issued statement to the above effect according to a Hong kong despatch to the Daily Tele- graph.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Lieutenant Doolittle
 Does Not Get Far Away

JACKSONVILLE, Aug. "A soft sand spot ended Lieutentant H. l.. Dcolittle's transcontinental flight, one stop at San Antonio for fuel, within 500 yards of the start last night.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Council of the League
 To Meet on August 30

PARIS. Aug. 7-The next meeting of the Council of the League of Ma lions has been definitely fixed for August 30 to September 4, Ii was an nounced today. The sessions will be presided over by Dr. De Leon of Spain.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Editor Gets Nomination
 For Governor in Kansas

. TOPEKA, Kan, Aug. 7.-Returns from all but 2S6 precincts put the plurality for W. Y. Morgan, Hutchn- son editor, over w. R.Stubbs former Governor, past the 12,000 mark for the Republican nomination for Gov ernor.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
CHINESE CITY SACKED.

PEKING, Aug. '. = The City or Kiukiang. in Kiangsi Province, has been sacked by muntinous troops Two hundred shops have been footed land destroyed The damage is esti- mated at $3,000, 900.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
FINAL MOVE IN RAILROAD STRIKE
38 Killed: l37 Injured in Railroad Train Collision
10000 Dead as Result of Tidal Wave and Typhoon

HONGKONG, Aug. 7.-Thc casualties resulting from the typhoon and tidal wave last Wednesday is estimated now to
 at least 10000.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
Catholics Are Urged to
 Organize Against Klan

ATLANTIC CITY, Aug. 7.-Reso- lutions deploring the Ku Klux klan were passed here yesterday by the National Board of Hibernians and American Catholics were urged to organize against the Klan.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
TRAIN CATCHES AFIRE

SEATTLE. Aug. 7,sThe lives of 30 passengers were fmperaled last !. night when the rear sleeper of the Columbian Flyer on the Milwaukee was destroyed by fire at Rye. 130 miles east of here. Fred Ketch, a vaudeville performer, was seriously injured
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
.KU KLUX KHAN
 RAIDERS FACE
 COURT TODAY
Famous Inglewood Raiders Co to Trial for Crime
 Committed Last April.

LOS ANGELES, Aug. 7,-The trial of 37 Klansmen, each on three counts, following the raid on Eldua- yen home and bonded winery at Inglewood last April. opened here this forenoon.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-07
CONFERENCE IS CALLED.

CINCINNATI, Aug. (. IAo heads of the four railroad brother hoods not on a strike have been invited to participate in a confer ence to be arranged with President Harding to protest against the use of guards in railroad shops and yards in telegrams sent by E. H. Fitzgerald, President of the Broth erhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handlers. Station and Express Employees.
 The five organizations are said to represent approximately SOO,OOO men and include the telegraphers, main- tenance of way men, signalmen and train dispatchers.
 Fitzgerald sent telegram to President Harding asking for con ference ito prevent further fatali- ties to our membership on account of defective equipment and armed guards in shops and yards.