The New York herald., 1922-03-12
Continued from First Page.

of the treaty based upon the vari-
GUS suggestions which had been ex-
changed between the delegates. This
draft was first submitted to Senator
Lodge and Mr.. Root, as you were
then absent on account Of TIE death
of your mother. After the approval
Of the American delegates who were
here, the draft was submitted to the
representatives Of other Powers and
became the subject of discussion
between the heads Of the delega-
tions concerned, and with a few
changes, which were approved by
the American delegates and which
did not affect the spirit or sub
stance of the proposed treaty. an
agreement was reached. Incl
IDENTIFY upon your return went
over the whole matter with you
and the proposed agreement re-
ceived your approval.
I should add that, in order to
avoid any misunderstanding, pre-
pared a memorandum to accom-
pany the treaty with respect to its
effect in relation to the inundated
islands and reserving domestic
questions.
AT this stage, while it was not
strictly conference matter, In
order to insure publicity at the
earliest possible moment, the
treaty, as thus agreed upon and be-
fore it had been signed, was pre-
sented by Senator Lodge to the
conference in plenary session and
it's import and limitations stated.
His statement met with the ac-
quiescence of all.
The treaty as thus drawn and
notified was deemed to embrace the
mainlands Of Japan. Later, in view
of the sentiment both in this coun-
try and Japan, it was deemed to be
PltAGkaDlc ~ CACAA01 lAOoC
lands, and supplementary treaty
was prepared to this effect, which
designated the islands Of japan
which it was to include.
There is not the slightest mys-
terry about the treaty or basis for
suspicion regarding 1t. 1t Is a
straightforward doc ument which
attains the most important objects
the American Government had in
view and is of the highest impor-
tance to the maintenance Of friend
ly relations in the Far East upon a
sound basis.
AS the President recently said,
in his communication to the Sem
ate, it is an essential part Of the
plan to create conditions in the Far
East at once favorable to the
maintenance of the policies we
have long advocated and to an en-
during peace.
In view of this, and in view of
the relation Of the treaty to the re-
suits Of the conference, its failure
would be nothing short of ma
tional calamity.
Underwood's Speech.
Senator Underwood's defense of til
treaty and justification OF the work
the American delegation had been locke
forward to with great interest. tt
Democratic leader was baited by men
bers OF his own party, but RENAME
master of the situation during a Ion
process of senatorial Interrogation.
The Horsepower treaty" said Senate
Underwood, represents a political Sc
tlement which undoubtedly was neceI
sary before the treaty providing for tn
limitation of armaments was signed
that is, IL the agreement to limit arms
ments was intended to mean more tina
a mere saving Of money to the natior
who had engaged in the wild race I
building battleships.
THE terms of the treaty clearly ca
for a conference to consider difficulti,
that may arise. just as the conferens
on the limitation of armaments wa
called in Washington some months ag
1t is a conference in which all of II
four Powers must agree and none
the Powers will be bound in advance
any way. In other words, the agre,
ments that are reached must be by II
unanimous consent of all.
"The opponents OF the ratification (
this treaty In the main appear to ba,
their objections on two grounds, e,
pressing positions that are opposed or
to the other. II is asserted that II
treaty in effect is an alliance betwee
the four great Powers for offensive an
defensive purposes, or, at least. 1t is col
tended we will be drawn into that pos
ton in the end and that we may |
forced into war without our consent.
Interpretation Not Justified.
II maintain that there Is nothing
the treaty itself that justifies such a
Interpretation being placed upon Il
that an agreement by man or a natio
TO respect the rights of his neighbol
is an obligation that relates 10 his ow
conduct and does not bind him to al
gressive action beause the other part
to the contract, whose rights he IA
agreed to respect. becomes involved
difficulties.
But the question Is not left her
The Foreign Relations Committee Of III
Senate have moved a reservation to III
treaty, which beyond doubt will /
accepted by the Senate as follows:
"The United States understands this
under the statement In the preamble, {
under the terms Of this treaty, there
no commitment to armed force, no a
lance, no obligation to Join in any d,
fense.'
when the treaty is ratified with thi
understanding on the part OF our Go,
ernment, what ground Is left to thos
who contend the treaty is an offensiv
and defensive alliance to stand upon
None that can see.