davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

The many friends of Miss Mildred
Partain will be interested to learn
that she successfully underwent an
operation for appendicitis, at a hos
pital in Meridian on Tuesday Of last
week.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29
Mrs. Walker To Entertain.

Mrs. w. S. Walker, of Tibee, will
entertain at a bridge luncheon, in
Compliment to Mrs. Middleton Woot-
en-, at her home, on February End.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs. Julian Chisholm and attrac-
tive little son have returned to Bal
timore after a delightful visit to Mrs.
Chisholm's sister and brother, Mrs
Enoch b. Stephenson and Hon. John
f. Frierson.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

.LOST-An old one eyed pointer dog.
Answers to name of Frank. Re
ward if returned to H. Nj. Pratt.
1-29-2t
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Miss Lorraine Epps has many
friends in Columbus who will be glad
to know that she has undergone a
successful operation for appendicitis,
at her home in Prescott, Ariz.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29
"Wednesday Bridge Club.

Mrs. Ira l.. Castor will entertain
the members of the Wednesday
Bridge Club at her home next We'd
nesday afternoon at 3 o'clock.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs. Erwin Thomas. formerly Miss
Siddie Lawrence, Of Caledonia, who
has recently been operated on at the
Columbus hospital, is very much i'm
proved, and will leave for her home in
Caledonia soon.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

The following is taken from the
Daily Clarion-Ledger, of Jackson, and
will be Of interest to a number Of
friends Of Doctor and Mrs. Hewitt in
Columbus:
CDR. and Mrs. w. A. Hewitt, of the
First Baptist Church, very uniquely
and delightfully."- celebrated the TWEEN
tieth anniversary of their marriage
on Sunday This pastor had just de-
livered one Of his very best sermons
bearing on the subject so near his
heart, and then after the last hymn,
asked the congregation to be seated,
and then the gifted little daughter
sounded the familiar strains Of the
wedding march. All eyes were turn
ed with bright expectancy when Mrs.
Hewitt and her handsome and manly
young son advanced to meet DR..
Hewitt, who came from the pulpit
stand The son placed his mothers
hand into that of his father, and then
together, they faced the congregation
and their friends crowded about to
offer congratulations and best wish
es.
"All day long, the pastors home
on Yazoo street, was that in which
sweet tokens of loving interest from
many friends added to the happiness
Of this bride and groom Of twenty
years who do so much for the world
about them"
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Miss Mabel Stephenson and Miss
Eleanor Frierson, who have been the
attractive house guests Of Mrs.
Enoch B. Stephenson, returned to
Columbia, Tenn, last Tuesday, after
delightful visit here.
Mrs. Bye Brownlee and little son,
Charles, of Isola, are guests of Mrs.
Howard holland on Second avenue,
North.
Mr.. Lee Mccullough, who makes his
headquarters in Memphis, Tenn,
spent several days in the city, the
guest Of his parents, DR.. and Mrs.
IJ. ID. Mccullough.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alvin w. Wardas,
who were recently married in Macon,
spent last Thursday and Friday in
the city, guests Of Mrs. Wardas' sis
ter Miss Annie Mae Taylor, on Col
lege street.
Mrs. ]. T. Gregory, of Amory,
spent several days in the city as
guests Of Mr. and Mrs. John Johnson
on North Third avenue. Mrs. Gre
CORY is remembered by a host Of
friends as Miss Willie Mae Locke.
Miss Rice. who is connected with
the Home Economies Department Of
the A. & NJ. College, was one of the
visitors at the Poultry Show.
Rev. Jesse d. Franks, pastor Of the
First Baptist Church, is spending a
short vacation in Tampa, Fla, where
he will join his wife and little son,
who are visiting Mrs. Franks par
ents in that city.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29
GOOD WORK

We photograph any thing, any time,
anywhere. PRUITTS STUDIO, Sue
cessor to Hofmeister's, Columbus,
Miss. 1-15-1m
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29
Celebrates Birthday.

Little Guy Nation, Jr., celebrated
his second birthday with a party on
Saturday afternoon at the home of
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Guy Ma
ton, on College street.
One Of the features Of the after
noon was the donkey contest, Little
Cecil Warren Speed winning the first
prize, box Of candy, and T. f. Whit
ten, Jr., winning the BOBBY. Many
games were played during the after
noon, and later the little guests were
invited into the dining room where
delicious refreshments were served,
The dining room was beautifully dec
grated, the color scheme being or
ange and white. The pretty birthday
cake, with two tiny candles burning
on it, formed the lovely centerpiece
on the table.
About twenty-five little guests were
invited and all wished Guy many
more happy birthdays. Mrs. Nation
was assisted in entertaining by Mrs.
Marion Steger, Mrs. Robert Davis,
Mrs. Wiley Dixon and Mrs. r. Y.
Moore.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Miss Flora Reddish, who is con-
nected with the Western Union, has
many friends in the city who will be
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs w. j. Burt, who has had such
delightful visit with her daughter,
Mrs. Mont Searls, in Memphis, Tenn,
is now visiting in Blytheville, Ark,
the guest of Mrs. E. C. Chapman,
formerly of this city.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29
Mrs. Miller Entertains.

Mrs. George w. Miller entertained
the Mid-Week Bridge Club at her
home on Main street last Thursday
afternoon. Cut flowers and ferns
featured in the floral decoration
artisticaly arranged on nantes and
tables. Mrs. Erie Staggers won the
high score prize, which was gold
bridge score pad, while the guest
prize was won by Mrs. w. H. Fore
lines, a lovely basket Of home made
candy. The consolation fell to Mrs.
Griggs Ussery, a silver lemon fork.
Dainty refreshments, consisting of a
sweet course with pecans and hot
coffee, were enjoyed by the following
guests: Mrs. w. H. Forelines, Mrs.
Vinson, Mrs. A. S. Thompson, Mrs A.
B. Lawrence, Mrs. Ernest Locke, Mrs.
f. H. Kennedy, Mrs. Burdette Wood
and Mrs. Griggs Ussery.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

After delightful visit with Mr..
and Mrs. w. Fl. Carter, Lieutenant
Norman r. Wood leaves tonight for
New York City, where he will be the
guest Of his mother and sister, who
are residents Of Brooklyn. At the
conclusion of several weeks visit with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. W. H. Car
ter Of this city, Mrs. Wood will join
her husband and on this trip will
have the opportunity of visiting her
sister, Miss Lucy Carter, who is
spending the winter in New York,
studying at Columbia University.
During their visit in Columbus, 1t.
and Mrs. Wood have been the recip-
tents of many charming social, court
estes which have been extended them
by a host of friends.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Try a Dispatch Want-Ad. 1t will
pay.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Miss Octavia Allen, assistant to the
pastor Of the First Baptist Church,
has many friends in the city who
will regret to know that she has been
sick for several days.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs. Leslie Guice, of Greenville, is
receiving cordial welcome to Col
umbus, where she is the guest Of her
sister, Mrs. Ida w. SYKES, on Sew
enth street, North.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

There will be an important meet
ing of the Alumni Association Of
NJ S. c. w. next Wednesday at ~
o'clock, in Room IL, Industrial Hall.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

See those $3.50 Mems Belted Rain
coats at Loeb's.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

There are many friends who will
be delighted to know that Mrs. II. II.
Ellis is better, after an illness Of
several days, which has confined her
in bed. Mrs Ellis is the wife of the
city school superintendent, and since
her residence in Columbus has made
many friends who miss her greatly.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs. W s. Walker, of Tibee, who
has been the guest of her sister, Mrs
L. A. Vaughn, has returned home.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

The many friends of Master Bars
well Nash, the little son of Mr.. and
Mrs. r. B. Nash, will be glad to know
that he is steadily improving, after
months of suffering.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

For $5.95 you can buy new wool
dress at Loeb's.
Mr.. Joe Randle, who has recently
been visiting in Birmingham and
Memphis, is now in Rome, Ga, guest
of his sister, Mrs. j. II. Randle.
Mr.. Sidney Blume, Of Greensboro,
N. c., arrived in the city, Saturday,
and is the guest of his mother, Mrs.
Fannie Blume, at the Frances Apart
ments.
Mrs. Louis f. Walker is spending
the weekend in Memphis, the guest
of friends.
Wool Tricotine and Poiret Twills at
Loeb's for S11.00.
Mrs. Arthur Stansel left Friday for
Birmingham, where she will visit rel
atives for several days, returning
Sunday with Mr.. Stansel who has
been in St. Vincents' Hospital for
treatment during the past ten days.
His many friends are delighted with
his speedy recovery. He will be
heartily welcomed home.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Prof Brandon, of the Lee High
School, left yesterday morning for
West Point, where he will spend the
weekend attending a meeting Of
school principals in that city.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mr.. and Mrs. w. /. Walton continue
quite sick at their home on Third
street, South.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs. Bye Brownlee and little SON.
Charles, of Isola, are guests Of Mrs
Howard holland on Second avenue
North.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Among those absent from the city
for the weekend is Professor Won
ack, who accompanied the Lee High
basket ball team to the A. and NJ
College.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

For $5.95 you can buy new wool
dress at Loeb's.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Mrs. S. L. Game will entertain a
few friends at Bridge on Monday
afternoon at 3 o'clock, in honor of
Mrs. Leslie Guice, Of Greenville.
Mrs. w. H. Sherrod, who has been
sick for the past ten days, at her
home on College street, is much bet
ter.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1922-01-29

Wool Tricotine and Poiret Twills at
Loeb's for S11.00.
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

simply amazed at the consummate
generalship Of these prineesses
and offered high prizes for che
capture Of these women patriots
But HinA women warriors could
never be captured. When van
quished. they killed themselves on
the battlefield.
Today, forcibly disarmod. snd
the naked sword OF the Briton
constantly hanging over their
heads both the men and the WON
en- OF India have become effemi-
nate. and criminaliy peace-lovInz
But with the inspiration of the
militant urge Of national awaken
ing the men of India are arduousIy
attempting a revival OF the old
spirit. And they are indeed hslp-
less. IL they are not helped by the
women OF India.
AWAKE YE WOMEN"
SO men in mass meetings and
al home sing the following song
composed by Mr., Dwaraksnuth
Gangopadhya- The songs reads
thus IN translation:
"AtOoAe, rise, ne tOomen Of In-
dial Unless yoH arise Mother
India can never rise.
So. aodze, dear sisters, G,oaks,
and be s0ives of heroes ard gire
birth TO heroic children.
~When you nurse them Uith the
milk Of voptr breast, prov, teu
them Of the deeds Of raIor of
our heroes Of old, so that their
pulses may quicken and their
hearts may throb Nth legiti-
mate pride.
"Unless you, the soenen Of I'cia,
take this sacred vosO. Mother
Tndia can nsVer rise again.
SO GOoks, arise, Ne sOomen Of In
dial Unless you rise, Mother
India eau never rise.
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
By KARL IN. Won wIEGAND.
universal Service staff Correspondens

Unfversai Service stssf Oerresponoent.
Va ERLIN, March 1s.--Ameriso
vespucci was swindler. He
never saw America. And
America was namod after q
swindler. That is the verdict Of a
writer In a late number Of the
German Geographical Magazine"
who bases his accusation upon the
contradictory and nebulous state
ments made by Amerigo in his two
chief works. 'Quattnor Nayigar
tiones" and Mundus Novum."
In these vespuoci claims TO have
made four journeys 10 the shores
OF the New World. but the fact
that in mono Of his writing does
he mention the name OF the ship
nor OF the captain, together with
the highly incredible assertions
made therein. led the present IN
vestigstor 10 examine a quantity Of
fiftssnth century geographical files
By which he found that vespucci's
record as an explorer would not
bear scientific scrutiny.
Upon q very meager background
OF facts he has projected a fantas-
TIC structure Of lies and Raeconsde
which makes him a rival TO the
famous Baron Muenchansen.
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
Vespucci Never Saw
America, According To
German Geographer

South America as seen through
his eyes was land inhabited by
cannibais. who subsisted solely
upon human flesh and lived to be
one hundred and fifty years OF age.
One man whom he met had al
ready eaten three hundred of his
comrades. In a certain city-for
despite its cannfhalIstic tenden.
cies South America apparently
boasted Of cities and other marks
OF civilixation-he saw shops be-
fore which hung quantities Of salt
ed human flesh. Just as behring's
and sides OF bacon are displayed
In the windows es a modern deli.
catessen shop.
Shocked by these sigths and
customs, Vespucci endeavored--
not without success. n we are 70
believe his story--to convert the
natives from the error OF their
ways. His lively imagination fur
thor led him to describe his Jour
ney as having lasted sixty-four
days, during which time they
neither saw the sun by day nor
the stars by night. With a fine
disregard for dates, he mentions
n conversation between Puny and
Aaecenas In the Introduction Of
his "ouattnor Navigationes" re-
ferring TO the latter as II Ne had
died. shortly before bis Vespucci'O
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

where he remains imprisoned to-
day.
When II comes TO the settlement
Of a labor dispute Gandhi has no
better adviser than this young
woman, who has given away all her
wealth for the betterment Of the
condition OF the mill workers Of
Ahmedabad.
Though the daughter OF a
wealthy mill owner, she lives the
life Of a working woman herself.
Her influence Is beyond words.
Mahatma GsndhI himself has more
than once spoken and written very
highly OF her.
The irresistible charm OF Begun
Atiya Fyzee- -Rahamin makes her a
powerful organizer; and no other
woman in Bombay has done more
for the introduction OF spinning
wheels in the homes Of the rich
and the poor alike. and for the boy
colt Of British goods.
Lila singh Is a feminist Of radi.
cal tendencies. She IL the daugh.
ter OF the lsso T. Palit. OF Calcutta.
who gave away his vast fortune
for the establishment Of snstitu-
tlons for the advancement OF scion.
tifio and Industrial education IN
india. She married 20 a progress
aive. wealthy man OF BhsEalpur.
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
mMH

And a woman sings back. and
the song was composed by Mrs.
Kamini Roy. perhaps the greatest
of all women poets who write In
Bengal. the language OF Rabin-
dranath Tagore, such is the tune
and the message OF this song that
It moves multitudes TO tears. The
song translates as follows:
Come, come. nag eorntryDten and
listen to the tale Of my ss0eei
dream G1,d the words Of my
hope. Tears still Iinger IN my
eyes. and yet the pain Of rsy
heart has disappeared.
"The night tods dcrk ard quiet.
and ! t0as floating on my tears.
A mystic charm operpoi0ered
me, aud do not Isaolc l0hen !
fell fast asleep here for elOhiIs.
81 slept and draepaf--and I heard
scored hymns being soIepaly
sltt0 on the boRJes Of the
Gauges and the indus; and /
heard the same on the banks Of
the KrishnG and the Nurmada,
the KaverB aud the GodGvery.
And I sop the children Of the
Motherldnd march lCith a divins
gloio in their faces. They araked
poUerfiI i,t aaity and di0nified
IN k1lotciedge. aid they marched
az cur heroic forefGthsrs i0ere
iOont 10 march n the heyddV Of
our beloved Motherland.
an the homes I sdw the ooHlen
fuI baskets NTH fruits aud
flotoeTs TO Uelcomo the victors;;
the heroic children pere clap
ping their hands crimson; ths
maideils ioere wedVis0 0Gs-
Iands for ovationaI sacraments
and singing songs Of victory ts
raptaross iog.'
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

Mr.. Dip Narayan-singh. / learn
that they have matured plans 70
contribute their immense estate to
the nation for educational advance
ment. Already they support a col
lege for men and several schools
for girls and women. Lila Singh
has Travelled all over the world.
and In the light OF her experience
she Is a great asset to India IN
this period OF radical national
changes and reconstruction.
Her highness Begun Nssli Ra.
fiya, of Janjira, is the only prin-
cess OF India who openly Joined the
political movement against Eng.
land. She IL the president Of the
All-India Women's Political Asso-
citation.
Ever since the beginning OF the
new national movement IN india
In 1905. midas women have been
In the fight. Not only in peaceful
propaganda for educational and
social reform. numerous women of
India have Joined. as in Russia,
under the czars. the revolutionary
forces OF the Motherland. In Civ
ing shelter TO the absconding revo-
iutionists, in distributing revoIu-
tionary literature and other useful
merchandise In dangerous quar-
ters without aruusine the least
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

Whom Gsndfsi apyeais Cor sun6s
for national work. the rich women
offer their precious Jewels for the
acceptance OF the kxahstma. Mrs.
Gandhi IN shown above gathering
fhc Jewels 30 be sold 30 ED the
campaign against Britain.
oc-spsrxtorr have Joined hands
and are fighting for q common
cause. We had here = meeting OF
our leaders on this point and they
are OF the same opinion.
EXPECTS LONG FIGHT.
II see that the fight is going on
an over India, but I expect the
fight win be a stern. long and
arduous one. and I am sure. un-
der your leadership, we WIN march
on to victory. Though myself and
my husband win not be able to at
tend the congress, we shah be
there with you IN spirit. I wish
you success. / am yours.
"BAsANTI DEVIL
In q previous article I point
cd out how midas illustrious
woman poet. Sarojini Naidu, was
helping Gandhi in his non-violent
fight against the British govern
ment in India. Mahatma Gandhi
himself is a feminist. He has
more than once repudiated the
double standard OF morality and
social ethics. Writes the Mahat-
ma; Man and woman are OF
equal rank. but they are not
identical. They are a peerless
pair. being supplementary to one
another; each helps the other. 30
that without the one the exist
ence of the other cannot be con-
ceived. Therefore. II follows that
anything that VIM impair the
status OF either OF them win In
volve the equal ruin OF them
both"
WEALTHY WEAR HOMEsPUN.
Under the dynamic influence Of
Mahatma Gandhi. wealthy women
like Anusuyabai. OF Ahmedabad:
Begun .Atlya Fyzee-Rahamin. Of
Bombay; Lille Singh. Of Calcutta,
and Her Highness Begun Nazll
Rafiya, OF Janjira, have given up
their possessions and costumes OF
luxury. and have undertaken TO
SO about dressed In the coarsest
hornespun, and altogether bereft
Of all Jewels and other sdcrn-
msnts.
They are devoting their time.
money and energy for the national
cause. Anusuyabai Ia the soul OF
the labor movement IN the indus
trial city OF Ahmedabad. the home
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

suspicion OF the police, the women
Of India have rendered an incalcu-
liable service to the cause OF In
dia's independence.
Nine. Bikhuji Rustonyi Cana Is
the most prominent OF all the wo-
men revolutionlsts OF India. Born
and married In wealthy Parsee
families Of Bombay. and quite un-
like the vast majority Of the Par
sees. Mime. Cana became interest
ed in the independence movement
about twenty years ago. Later
she came to London and organ
ized young Indian students into
revolutionary groups. She was ex-
PEELED from London by the Brit
ish Government.
To Paris she went. A little later
she founded a paper called Bande-
matarani. Through this paper she
openly and fearlessly advocated
armed war on England. and even
Individual disposal Of British Off
cials In India She spent her own
money, IN fact she spent her vast
fortune. in securing military train
ing Tor the young Indian revolu-
tlonistA At a time she even sold
her jewels to generously help revo-
lutionary activities in India. and
midas revolutionary propaganda
abroad.
She was the main supporter Of
Deshabandhu ". D. Savarkar, who
Is now in a British prison serving
a sentence OF forty years. And
Madam Lal Dhingra. who shot and
killed Cuzon-wylle. Of the London
British India Office, receiving
much patronage from Nine. Cana.
MADAM Lai Dhingra was executed
in London. and Nine. Cana start
ed a revolutionary paper in Ber-
lin IN his memory and called II
MADAM Talwar Cthe sword OF Ma
dam.
IN PARIS
During the wartime abe was
much harassed In Paris. And
now that the French are discover
ing anew the British tricks and
British diplomacy Nine, Cana is
becoming active again. In the In
transitional Jwomen's conferences
Ehe is invariably present and takes
active part and never misses to
plead the case Cor Indis's inde-
pendence.
It Is a fact that the British gov
eminent would be willing to give
any price Tor the capture Of this
great woman rsvolutionist Of
India.
1t may seem strange to the vic
Tins Of British propagandlsts In
America. but It is an unimpeach-
able fact nevertheless. that worn-
ans leadership IN politics and war
IN not a new thing in India. Be
fore the pollution OF the sacred
soil OF India by the pestilentiai
presence OF the marauding Briton,
the princesses Of India were
trained in military science and
tactics.
There are prinoesses even today
who. II occasion arises. are capable
Of leading an army 10 the battle
fields. History Of India IL fun OF
stories OF thrilling vsior OF WON
en- generals and warriors.
:. When Akbar. the mighty Mogul
emperor. invaded chitore IN 1888,
and all the men generals fell. Il
was Princess Karnnadevi. Rannal-
abati and Karrnabati who held the
superior forces of Alybar at bay
for several days. Akbar was
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
By BAsANTA KooMAR ROY.

Noted Hnda Writer Lseer and Recognized Authority Imd
and the Far East
rTs HE voice Of the woman Of new India Ia being
heard all over the world today. She has, after
all cast aside her exclusive interest in domestic
affairs, and is taking like the of pre- British
days, living interest in the VITAL social economic
and political problems of the day,
Had 1t not been for the cordial cooperation and
self-sacrfcing devotion of the women of India the
present movement for India's Independence would
never have met with such tremendous success as
it undoubtedly has
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
)TED WOMEN OF INDIA SHOWERED MONEY AND JEWELS
LEADERS OF REVOLT TO AID i'm GREAT MOVE FOR FREEDO

Interest of Weaker Sex Makes
Possible Throwing OF Yoke Anti-Dia-
mond League" Organized In Bombay to Dis
courage Personal Adjournment and Boycott
by Turning Cash Into Spinning Wheels and
Looms Thousands Sent to Prison for Join
ing Volunteers, but Sisters Continue Fight.
Energies Bent Toward Building Up Ruin
Left by British.