davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
PROPOSALS.

COMMISSIONERS. d. C.. WASHINGTON.
August 9. 1922. Sealed proposals win be
received At Room 500. District B''iiainE.
until 2 o'clock p. m. August %. 1922. for
furnishing and delivering ASA net tons
cast Iron coated water pipe and 81 net tons
cast iron coated water pipe specials. For
speeihcat tfons and informatinu apply 10
Room 80. District Building. CUSO II. RU-
DoLPH. JAMES y. OYSTER. CHARLES
KELLER Commissioners. d. c. iss
arge. 10. H.
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

APARTMENT HOUSE. APARTMENTS
Of rooms & hath; splendidiy buiit: mod
rrn: can he turned into spts of 3 rooms
& hath. Price very low. q. s. BENNETr
SG' Cont Trust Rde. Main 6se4
ROOMING HOusE-wtth u rooms: an er-
rri'cni location Near Washington Cir~ie
Would h~ fne Investment Act quickly
Price 81. 500. DAVID r. BARRY. 1907 q
~ NV Main 1905 .-
Sc cdo: : APT RI.DG NJ RMS AND
hath each: urar 9Th All sts ne rented
st col sn . month: tenants furnish heat
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
HELP WANTED
Male.

e-r>~~~~s-~->>~~~-~~~->-~~-
WANTED-By the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company,
following railroad mechanics md helpers
10 Cents Per Hour
Maehinists.
Boilermakers
Blacksmiths.
Sheet Metal Workers.
Electrical Workers
~ Cents Per Hour
MsehinisfG Helpers.
Boilermaksrs' Helpers.
Biacksmffhs' Helpers.
Sheet Metal WORKERS Hel2ers.
Electrical Workers Helpers.
Carmen's Helpers.
Passenger car repaires and inspectors. 70
cents per hour.
Men who have had some experience In me
ehautcsl work. also young men for helpers
to be placed under instructions will be ad-
vanced to ,ositions carrying higher rates Of
pay A. they become efficient
In accordance with resolutions issned BY
the United States Labor Board July 3. new
men accepting employment are within their
rights and are not atrikebreakers. and have
the moral as well ~ legal right to Engage
fn railroad service. and will have protection
Of every branch OF government. both state
and national Appiy to J. r. BROOKS. En-
ployment supr.. III @ st. nv. -
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
INSURANCE

rIRE. AUTOMOBILES. rlarE GLASS. rrn.
giary tnauranre. LOUIS p sHOEfAkEK
it07 y Y. ave. nk hsis fies. lnaairs
for NE EiIiott.-
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
WASHINGTON PRODUCE.
Eggs-strictIy fresh. ssc.


Live Pouitry-spring chickens.
lbs. and over. s2c: white Lekhorns
ssa2sc; hens, 22a2sc; roosters. l5c
Dressed Pouitry-Hens. lbs. and
up, 27a.sc. springers. 2 lbs. up. ssa
s3e: roosters. 17a1sc; hen turkeys
30a33c: toms. 2sa2sc.
Livestock-calves, choice. sac;
undergrades. 4asc: lambs. tor
spring. lie: undergrades, case
sheep. tops. 4a5c.
Hbdes-Salted. 1oc: green. 1Oc;
5bull. green. Sc; bull. saited, Sc: calf.
skins. per h.. l2aisc: horse hides.
each. sta1.50.
{, Beeswax.r23c.
Tallow. 4c.
Walnut kernels. dry and clean
40c.
wool-Free of burrs. 35c; wool
bury, 2oa25c.
Market in good condition. strictly
fresh eggs in liberal demand. Fancy
chickens in good demand. small
broilers selling slow. Hens still In
good demand. but lower.
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
MISCELLANEOUS WANTED

wANTED-BooKs OF ALL KINDS, NEW
or used; highest prices paid for good clean
hetion THE GRAIL BOOK SHOP. SIS Eye
st NV lxS
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11


EtPsrt Of wheat from the four ports New
4 York Boston. Philadelphia and BaltimOrel
were 11s, 600 bushels; last yea. none.
CHICAGO, Aug 10--with the ex-
ception of December wheat. which
eauaifed the inside figures of the
previous day. all deliveries of grains
sold AT new low prices on the crop
today-with scattered liquidation
under way early. There was a good
class OF buying on the breaks and
strong rally from the inside hg-
ufes came toward noon that car
ried prices up around 1 cent from
the low. but the market failed ITO
show any great strength. and the
bulk of the buying~was attributed
TO short covering. While some op-
orators were inclined to look for a
rally on the belief that the tech
nical position was strong. major
ity, of straders can see only lower
prices in the end Export demand
at the seaboard was slow. due part
ly to cable trouble, but exporters
advanced their bldg for No. hard
elf Buffalo y cent to cents over
September. Receipts falling due to
the rail and coal strike. the easier
tonessin exchange. especially mar
kets,s had some fact on sentiment.
There was rather persistent selling
of September and buying of May
q by'a local commission house.
Coarse Grains.
Corn and oats were lower early,
but September corn was bought by
cash houses and rallied 1 cent after
a break to a new low for the sea
SON The best figures were not
maintained. however. official re-
ports show that rains are needed
in parts of the corn belt. but with
a lack of speculative interest and
the government report. general
sentiment remains very bearish-
Cash. corn basis was firm as COM
pared with the September with No.
2 yellow selling as high as cents
over the future.
rsuus Provisions.
A belief that provisions were en-
titled 7tc a rally with reports. OF
some Improvement in the export
demand for lard. advanced prices
somewhat. Offerings were lighter
and shorts covered. Hogs were 10
a25 cents higher, with top $40 and
bulk of sales at s7.25a9.s0. Re-
eeipts $4,000. with $4,000 for to-
morrow. Western run, $1,000
against 7s.sOO a week ago. and SO
7O0s last year. Money. steady; CALI
4%a5; time, 5a6 exchange. par.
CHICAGO BOARD oF TRADE.
FURNISHED by W. B. Hibbs and Col
wheat-
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
lNDusiNiAL rnurEKIiES

NEAR DELAWARE AVE q CANAL ST
se-Abolt $4,000 square feet. at 20 cent,
per foot LOUIS p. SHOEMAKER 1907 y
Y ave NV Main 1856.
on B 4 o r R. AT BETHEsDA AND
near Rockville Pike and car iine-Abeut
49, 200 SQUARE feet snitahle for lumber yard
or other IKE purpose. Price. S25.o00 LOUIS
r SHOEMAKER. 1907 N. Z. ave. nv
Main l16a
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
Phonogranhs.

THOuUKfdpnS.
sTLvrRTnNE TAXING MkrUTEv- ory
nrice. so cabinet size HUGO woRCH
111o st. NV.
CnrrMBII GRArovnrI sTunr
"ak on'v; -~--i-- prf~. ssS. our nrice
sse. HrGo woRcF. 1I1n q ST. NV.
CnrrWRIA GptroNoII- sTyJy -.
r~er'sr rr'~( BITS: our price. 500. HUGO
wnrrH 1Iin'c at nv
cor rrMRTk GPkpoNoLls- srYE De.
reerlar 7rice. sen: our price. So HUGO
woRCH. 11In st NV
cor rWpb Cr.roNoTI sTyur -.
rerr'sr rr'"~. sss: our Price sTa HUGO
woRrH rrrn q at NV
srrvrpT0Nr TALETvr vIrurSr- cIp
ine' s'ze. sss. HUGO wofscH. Iiio q
e nv
CnrTNprk GpspN~nTA sTYrr q ..
re-nlar price. t'eS. nv rri~e IN fum.d
ynek o-'v. Hrco woRcHrlIo q at. nv
CoIrNPrt GRAFoNoTI ~. ppcrrAe
rricc. s1on: "nr price. soe. HUGO woRCH
111n st NV
cnIr"nrt crsrnNnrI srvTv q =.
rerulsr n-'~r. s1cs: our price. sIos HUGO
woRrH Ir1n at NV
rnTrWprs cpAroNnI.l sryrE Kle.
resu,ar ,ri~. sr5n: orr price. sIfn HrG0
woIrH IIra q ct nv.
oSr Cuuvry rtTEINr NXCur%E. prc.
r''- ~-i~e s'an: ,rice. stIs -UuGo
wnrru I11o <t. NV
crr rurNrv -NrVrNC WICurHr- pvc-
rlsr nri"~ eton: o"r rrice s1as HrGo
wop~u rr'n e a. Nv
oVr prcvH- rsrErvr: wtrurSr. r~n-
-'-r rri~. etnn- r-r nri~e ssn Hrco
woD~u 1.-n r 81 Nv
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
DECEMBER WHEAT
STRONG AS OTHER
MONTHS DECLINE
Scattered Liquidation
In Establishment of
New Low Marks.

new YORK. Aug. o.-rh. following
shows the movement Of breadstuns at New
1ork today In bushels Of grain and barrels
Of -four:
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
FURNITURE,

ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE WANTED;
enough to furnish large boarding house;
bedroom dining room. pa arior. misc. articies-
p eas- call Fr "a. or W. COT. so7
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

-~~~--~~-~~~~~~~~
con. DEL. STORE IS coon sw. sFc
tion; store and Z rocns: rent $40 90: hsi
nice scds fountain. Priv r.eeo.
p. Y. cARLEY.
ei' x st nv. ". sIn.
sCBrRBAS GROCERY STORE DOING 4
Fccd business; rent s2S 90; prize 50 M
Including delivery trvok; terns.
p. y. cARLEY.
S7 z I" nv. n. ass.
rent 5000; price $4,000 including deliv.
ery truck
Pr cARLEr.
SIT :" nv n SIS. ,.s
GROCERY q MKT: sw.: sToRE Iyp /
rooms; rent $500: price s2,7so.
'I' z St nv, n.s- e
GROCERY: GOOD sE LOCATION; sroRI
and rooms; rent SIS: prio. q 600. - :,
GIT ST ~. SIS.
Ise
CIGAR AND con. STORE AND ROOMS
~ ciRIrf. '''
Is2
PA AVE. sR.-TAILoR sHoP AND APT
store, rms and bath; b. ". D.. slee.,
ceIlar; Al condition: $4,000: terms
wILDMAN a CO..
9th and sta nv. Fnnkrs ssos
GOOD CoLORED PR0PosfTIoN,- LARcf
cafe. In one Of the best co,or~d business
sections; rent only $50 must seil; nsks
offer. .r-t
R.r. cARLKY.
sII St. nv. rrnhiis siss
LUNCH ROOM. IN GOVERNMENT BIDo.
one of the best propositions IN town: rsui
$50. Price. 1900. Terms arranged TO sui
buyer.
p. v. cARLEY. DfSrs
siI st. n. W. Funklin si5s
LAUNDRY IN ONE OF THE BEST HUsT
ness diSricts In wsshington; has rwo Dc
uvery trucks. two press mschines. vsxherx
distrn~fors and other up-to-date mctert
equipment: mnst he sold Immediately a
viii consider partner: cash. ts-eoo. b.isrrs
easy trrms. For other details connect wlu
my Office at en~e. -
r. v. cARLEy. a5x 7
SIT st M. r.nkiin erssf
t.aor: Brs . Dwfe.: Y n Nv, ~
ieth--s rms. q store. price -. 800. WIZ
MAN q CO.. Oh q II. ". eso& ~
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11

THREE AUrooAB rEucKs;
ROTARY HorsrS; gTEEL
LINED BoDIDe: TRADED II
AND TOR eALu cHEAp:
CONF ELY ovEn-
HAULED AND PAINTED.
PRICE FOR THREE. t1.ooo.
TERMS. WTTT-WfLL Oo-.
INC. 81 u ct. En- YRAHK-
LIN cess. ec1
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11

ONE Two-roS wrTr-wrLL rnucK wrTB
dump bcdy; 81 200. srrna
WITT-WILL CO., INC,
81 st. ne. Phens rrsnkn. ssss.
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
TYPEwRITEEs REPAIRED.

We specisiise m overhaufins all stsp6sr
nskes cf typevriters. no Typ~wrfter ship
Inc. sil iith ST.. nv: tel Frsnklin e<ss.
n
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11
GARAGES

1STH ST. NR. roC-sTABIE: WILL RI
model for good tenant. LOUIS r. SHOE
MAKER. 14eT n. Y. svs. NJ. Msis 1feA
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11

s.Hoc: BrsL . DwtJe-: v II NV, ~
ietb--s rns. q store. price ss.soo. WIZ
MAN q CO.. Oh q n. ~. sso4
The Washington herald., 1922-08-11

SLIP COVERS CIT AND MADE. vrrxr
turp upholstered: lowest Price. IN t,~,
SIS a. No. J. HoLoBER q 90 n. sr0
The New York herald., 1922-10-05
TO-DAY'S GENERAL SESSION
PROGRAM FOR CONVENTION

oLLOWING program the general session of the
~ Association convention to-day the
Hotel Commodore:
A. A.M-Sharp-Call order by the president.
A. Coffin, d. ID, Madl-
son Presbyterian Church.
Charles de b. Claiborne chair
A. Membership Committee Harry ]. Haas chairman
945 M-"The Public H. Ssson,
chairman
Policy Commission" NJ A. Traylor chair
1905 M-Addres Responsibility Indus
trial Justice" Henry j. Allen
1926 A. M Herbert Hoover
resolutions committee business In
o officers. Announcements. Adjournment.
TRUST COMPANY DIVISION.
2:3O p M-President j.. Arthur House presiding
president Bankers Trust Company New
York N y committee fortyeighth
annual convention A b. A.
president by Arthur House. president Guar
Savings and Trust Company Cleveland, Ohio
Faith With Europe by Alvin w Krech president
Equitable Company, New York, N. Y
The Growing Liabilities
pos by waldron Rand Jr vcepresdent Common
Trust Company, Boston, Mass
Telling Story Companies Francis
president Guaranty Trust New York,
N. Y. chairman of committee publicity.
vcepresidens fill for Election
president, vicepresiden members the
three Unfinished business
this session.
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

passage of any future laws which would
permit branch banking in any form.
Thomas B. McAdams. vice president
of the Merchants National Bank, Rich
mond, Va, and president of the Ameri-
can Bankers Association, called the
first speaker in the branch banking de-
bate at 1:35 A. NJ. Andrew j.. Frame
of Waukesha, Wis. opened the debate,
speaking for fifteen minutes on "Monop-
oily vs. Democracy in Banking He
was answered by Waldo Newcomer,
president of the National Exchange
Bank, Baltimore, Md, who favored
branch banking. After the principal
speakers had concluded their argu-
ments discussion became general.
At times the convention resembled' a
turbulent political meeting rather than
a gathering Of staid bankers. Speakers
taking up too much of the conventioy's
time were unceremoniously shov!ied
down and such remarks as Alta boy"
cheap stuff and don't get personal"
were banded about. Chairman Nc
Adams at times found 1t hard to keep
order and finally was compelled to close
the debate for lack of time. When the
chairman called for ayes" and mo"
on the resolution the "ayes" had 1t by
a large margin and the motion was car
ried.
Among the other speakers for and
against the resolution on branch bank
ing were: T. r. Preston, president of
The New York herald., 1922-10-05
Mellon Tells Bankers
Normally Is on Way

D RESIDENT McADAMS read
ta the delegates of the con-
= venficn of the American
Bankers Association the following
letter from A. w. Mellon, Secretary
of the Treasury:
please extend my greetings to
the members of the American Bank
ers Association in convention in
New York, and express to them my
appreciation of the way in which
they have worked together to bring
the country through this difficult
period of postwar adjustment. 1t
has been the fixed policy of this
Government since the war not only
to balance it's budget at the end OF
each fiscal year but to provide for
the gradual liquidation and funding
of the war debt.
"In order to avoid spectacular re-
funding operations, disturbing to
the country, the Treasury has Of
fered, at convenient intervals dur
ing the last eighteen months, short
term notes which were used to re-
tire Victory notes and other early
maturing obligations. The response
with which these offerings have
been met on the part of banks and
the investing public has been re-
assuring, both as regards the
Treasury's plans for the refunding
of the early maturing debt and also
as regards the soundness of finan-
cial conditions in the country at
large"
The New York herald., 1922-10-05
Organization Formed to
Take Battle Into Every
State in Union.
SETTLES BITTER ISSUE
Decision Against Additional
Officers eliminates Fight
of Years.

The American Bankers Association
in general session in the Hotel Com
modore yesterday went on record as
opposing branch banking in any form
1t brought to an end controversy that
in the last few years has caused dis
and at times has threatened to split
the association into two camps. The
resolution opposing branch banks was
adopted after a stormy debate lasting
about an hour and thirty minutes, dur
ing which speakers were freely heckled
and cheers and dissenting cries filled
the convention hall.
Many of the delegates who favored
branch banking were outspoken as to
their dlsapproval of the action.
Encourage by their victory. the bank
ers leading the fight against branch
banking Immediately started prepara-
tions for the organization of a National
Association OF National and State banks
and Trust Companies Opposed to Branch
Banking.
An organization meeting was held in
the Biltmore Hotel last night. Murray
Mcleod, vice-president of the Irving
Park National Bank, Chicago, was
elected chairman and Z. ". Baty sec
retary. Mcleod was directed to organize
a committee of three delegates from
each State Bankers Association TO meet
at the call of the chair in Chicago. Plans
will be drawn to carry on the fight in
Congress. The new organization will
open headquarters in Washington and
conduct a campaign for the passage of
a Federal law prohibiting national banks
from having branches or more than one
office in any State. The fight will be
carried into every State and memorials
sent to the Legislatures for the repeal
of all existing laws permitting State
banks to have branches and to defeat the
The New York herald., 1922-10-05
PEULICHER IS ELECTED
PRESIDENT OF BANKER S
w. w. Head of Omaha and
w. e. Knox His Aids.

The American Bankers Association at
its session yesterday elected John H.
Puelicher president. 1t chose Walter
w. Head for first vice-president and
William e. Knox for second vice.
president.
Mr.. Puelicher. first vice-president OF
the association in 1921 and 1922. was born
in Milwaukee, December 26. 1869. He is
president of the Marshall and Ilsley
Bank there.
Mr.. Head, second vice-president of the
association for 1921-22, was born in
Adrian, ILL.,, December IS, 1877. He is
now Eresident of the Omaha National
Bank, Omaha, Neb.
Mr.. Knox, president of the Bowery
Savings Bank of New York city, was
born in Strabane, Ireland, October 81,
1862 He came to the United States
while young. and received his education
in the New York city public schools.
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

ONcE month, more frequently we issue publication
called Bauens Wedge. Each issue is devoted single
editorial phase Of business If you are business
executive and would like receive copies, write U.S.
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

Company and chairman oi ktAs commits
sion on commerce and marine. Ays.e,ican
Bankers Association. in speaking ~ the
bankers in general session yesterda.t-
The United States. asserted Mr.. Ke>>I
should use the trading force which 1t
holds through the indebtedness of the
Allies to the United States to help
foreign Governments correct broken
morale. unbalanced governmental bud
gets and initiation
The speaker said America should be
prepared to extend credit to Germany
to enable her to balance her budget, stop
initiation ard help her meet her repara-
tions payments.
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

Hamilton National Bank, Chattanooga.
Tenn. Roy West, Chicago and Cook
County Bankers Association: F. 0.
Watts, First National Bank In st. Louis ;
N. p. Prince, vice-president Hartford
(Conn.) Trust Company; j. G. Ions
dale. president National Bank of Com
rierce, st. Louis; w. A. Bonynge, presi-
dent Commercial National Bank, Los
Angeles J. A. Latta vice-president
Northwestern National Bank, Minne-
apolis, and William Alden Smith, presi-
dent Grand Rapids Savings Bank.
The New York herald., 1922-10-05
URGES u. S. TAKE PART IN
PREPARATIONS PROBLEM

1t is the duty of the people of the
United States to identify themselves
with the problems of war reparations
through representation on the Repara-
tions Commission. said Fred l. Kent,
vice-president of the Bankers Trust
The American Jewish world., 1922-09-22
Page Fifty-sis

sand children and grown ups come
into it every month.
For years the directors have
dreamed of a new building to ade-
quately carry on the work, but only
recently have they had the courage
to actually plan it. This was made
possible by the bequest of $5,000.0O,
left to the Neighborhood House by
the late Charles Straus, for years the
treasurer and the real guiding spirit
of the association; also by the gen.
erous promise of 100000 from Mr..
and Mrs. Jacob Dittenhofer.
A good lot has been secured on In
diana Avenue across the street from
the present house. The architects
plans have been completed and ac-
cepted by the building committee. The
only reason why the new building is
not now under way is because only
one-half the required sum has yet
been promised. The joint drive some
months ago for the Neighborhood
House and the Old Folks Home was
not as successful as had been hoped
for.
The lease on the present building
expires next May and it will be nee
essary to have the new building ready
at that time. For many years Mr..
Charles Straus and the directors had
great difficulty in raising the funds
for the support of the House, but for
the last two years the Community
Chest has given the money for this
wonderful work.
The American Jewish world., 1922-09-22
September 22, 1922

bodiment, they see a strong, solid,
well-knit, enthusiastic, working or
ganization that will carry their aims
and ideals to a definite working reali-
zation.
1t was visional outlook, this ideal
istic preamble to the Gymal Doled
constitution, but an outlook tempered
with reason, with patient working
and building, with steadiness Of
purpose-an outlook visualized ma
terially in the work Of the present
officers and Board of Governors.
The following are the officers: I.
S. Joseph, president; Arthur M. Har-
ris, vice president; Irving Robitshek,
treasurer; and Meyer d. Stern, sec
retary.
The American Jewish world., 1922-09-22
THE AMERICAN JEWISH WORLD

The present officers of the organi-
cation are A. N. Rose, president;
Mrs. j. Wirth, vice president; Mr..
Bernard Marx, treasurer, and Mrs. E..
D. Libbey, secretary.
The following compose the Board
of Managers: Messrs. L. D. Cod
don, David Aberle, Ira Baer, Chas.
Bechhoefer, Rabbi Jacob I. Meyer
ovitz, Adolph Hirschman, James Nei-
ger, and Mrs. j. Westheimer.
The American Jewish world., 1922-09-22
THE STORY OF THE GYMAL
DOLED
CONTINUED from page 54)


men: B. M. Goldman, A. H. Karatz,
Lucian Karatz, j. G.. Cohen, DR.. H. O.
Cooperman, Louis Rosenthal, DR.. B.
S. Rauch, Mitchell Goldstein, DIR.
Samuel Rauch, julius Price, A. L.
Hershman and DIR. A. A. Steinfeldt.
This small group, founding the pres
ent Gynal Doled on April 27, 1908,
adopted the following resolutions as
the preamble to their constitution:
"To develop, quicken and perpetu-
ate the highest of Jewish ideals and
the spirit of American patriotism; to
inculcate the principles of good-fel-
lowship, charity, justice and mutual
respect; to promote the welfare and
enhance the happiness of it's members;
to seek the elevation of their mental
and moral character and the develop
ment of the spirit of unity and friend
ship; to lend it's aid to the furtherance
OF. Jewish communal work in promot-
ing the best interests of society,""
Early Aims and Ambitions
The ideals and aims of the organi-
zation are being realized in the
steady, sturdy, factionless growth of
the membership, and in the occupa-
tion of the splendid home which hous-
es their varied activities.
The Gymal Doled has grown and
developed from every standpoint; it
has fulfilled the aims and purposes it
was created for and has tried to serve.
From a mere handful, it has now at
tanned membership exceeding four
hundred in number. It's roster en-
braces Jewish manhood of almost
every shade and walk of life consist
ent with it's unfailing high standard.
1t consists altogether of young men,
men whose spirit and outlook on life
is bracing and full of vision, men who
are jealous of the name they bear as
men among men.
In early days, sessions were held
at the firesides of the members where
the spirit Of friendship with all it's
full significance welded the spirit of
the men together, the strong founda-
tion girder of the present Gymal
Doled. Growth and progress was
steady, certain in it's development; as
it's membership first warranted the
change, space totalling 800 square feet
was taken in an old theater building.
This change realized the first aim
of the founders of the Gymal Doled-
centrally located meeting place
where the members could get together
under congenial surroundings and mu-