davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
[RRIGATE BEDS FOR
STRAWBERRY RESULTS

Strawberry plants should be set out
about the middle of May, in rows four
feet apart, and two feet apart in the
rows. says A. F. Yaeger, horticultur.
lst at the North Dakota experiment sta
tion. If any blossoms show before the
middle of July, they should be remov-
ed; while the plant might produce
some fruit, it would be at the expense
Of future crops that would be formed
IN the new plant. Best varieties are
"Senator Dunlap" and progressive
Everbearing."
Careful cultivation must be given
the plants throughout the season. With
everbearing varieties and good wea ther
some crop may be expected in the fall
of the first year. If the plants do we'll,
; there should be space two feet square
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
ENGLISH SPARROW IS
ENEMY OF NEMATODES
Benefactor to Humanity at Least
in One Respect.
Bird Seems to Have Special Liking fos
Calls Formed by Parasitic Worm
--other Means for Control.
ling Disease.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Recent Investigations conducted by
the United States Department of Agri-
culture have shown that the English
sparrow is benefactor to humanity
at least in one respect. 1t Is able to
kill nematodes parasitic on wheat.
In this nenatOde disease of wheat,
the parasitic worm forms gals which
take the place of the normal kernels.
During the early development of these
gals the sparrows seem to have q
special liking for them. At first it was
suspected that the sparrow might
spread the infection in this way. but
IT was found that the sparrow's diges-
tive apparatus sufticed to kill the
nematode.
The nematode disease of wheat Oc-
ours in Virginia. West Virginia. and
North Carolina. 1t also attacks rye,
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
GRADING EGGS IS ESSENTIAL
Uneraded, Unstandardized Product 10
More or Less Of an Uncertain
Quantity.

When pullets begin laying, their eggs
are not up to standard weight. There.
fore, grading eggs Is essential, not only
from the producers standpoint but
from the buyers, for en- ungraded, un.
standardized egg is more or less Of
an uncertain quantity. The market.
ing Of such a product is never advised
since it puts an unnecessary handicap
on the buyer who never knows what
quality he will receive. The buyer in
order to protect himself against loss
must pay correspondingly low price.
Fresh eggs should be graded by size
to meet the requirements Of the mar.
ket. The first grade of eggs ordinar.
lily consists Of clean, fresh, reasonably
full, strong, sweet eggs with an aver
age weight Of 4G pounds net per stand
ard 80 dozen case or over "a ouncea
to the dozen. The second grade must
weigh a. pounds or more net, per 30
dozen case The third grade must
weigh II pounds or more net per 80
dozen case. They also make a grade
Of pullets' eggs which weigh "a pounds
or more net for 30 dozen or 16 ounces
per dozen.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20

emmer, and spelt. The disease be-
comes serious If precautions are not
taken for it's control. Fortunately
practicable control measures are
known. They necessitate Q) the use
of seed free from nematode gals. (2)
sowing such clean seed on nematode-
free land. (3) keeping wheat or other
susceptible crops Off infested fields
for at least one year, and (4) keeping
nematode-infested straw and manure
off land to be used for wheat within
Il year.
The nematOde is not able to move
laterally in the soil by its own efforts
except for very short distances. Be
cause of this fact the disease can be
effectively controlled by the farmer
on whose land it may occur.
No wheat variety adapted for cul-
ture in the infested sections has been
found resistant to this disease.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
IL These Radishes Had Not Been
Trimmed They Would Not Have
Been So Perfect in Shape.

grow. almost anywhere if the soil is
rich and in almost any sort of soil ex-
cept clay. Clay soil needs to be light
ened with ashes or sand and copious
dressings of manure spaded into it If
radishes are to do their best In It.
Radishes may be sown broadcast pro-
yided the seed Is not scattered too
thickly or in rows as close together
as six inches.
Clean Up Rubbish.
Clean up last years garden If this
was not attended to in the fall. All
remnants Of vegetables and flowers
must be gathered together and
burned. This will destroy the eggs Of
innumerable insects. Weeds should
likewise be destroyed, but do not yet
destroy mulches which have been
placed over hardy plants and around
shrubs. If you have not already
sprinkled limestone over your garden
area, this is good time to do it so
that the spring freezing and thawing
and the early rains may help to dis
integrate and carry the lime water
into the soil to sweeten 1t. Lime Is
especially beneficial to grapes.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
WHEAT GOING STRONG
Not Much Change In Hog and
Cattle Market.
u. S. Bureau of Markets. Washington, D. c.,
for week ended April II, 1922.

for week ended April IL. 1922.
GRAIN-Wheat prices trended up.
ward during the week eliminating in
a sensation advance on the 18th.
Principal market factors were higher
.exshange rates, unexpected strength
in foreign markets, cold wet weather
over wheat belt, reports of abandoned
acreage in Kansas, revival in export
demand, and cash situation. Visible
supply wheat 33,129, 900 bu., decrease
of 1,0S4, 900 bu. for week. Visible sup
ply corn 43.146,000 bu., decrease of
2,159,000 bu. for week. Closing prices
in Chicago cash market: No. 2 red
winter wheat SLAP; No. 2 hard win.
ter wheat s1.40; No. mixed corn 60c;
No. 2 yellow corn Gle; No. 8 white
oats &c. Average farm prices: No.
2 mixed corn in central Iowa 47c; No
1 dark northern wheat in central
North Dakota s1.42A; No. 2 hard win
ter ws:eat in central Kansas $1.26. For
the Wee; Chicago May wheat up seven
cents closing at $1.4O9s; Chicago May
corn up 1c at S0A. Minneapolis May
whet up SIC at $1.5o%; Winnipeg
May wheat up 4Ac at $1.39.
HAY-Market continues firm prin.
'cipally because of the light receipts
which are scarcely equal to the light
local demand. Bad roads still curtail
country shipments in west. Glover
and clover mixed in less urgent de-
mand because of rapid growth of pas
lures. New alfalfa being marketed in
Arizona. Quoted April 18th: No.
timothy Boston $3.50, New York
s31.50, Philadelphia $3.50, Atlanta
$31, Pittsburg s24, Cincinnati s23, Chi
cago s27, Minneapolis s22. No. 1 al
falfa Atlanta $32, Memphis s26, Gin.
cinnati $23, Minneapolis $685.. Kansas
City $23.50. No. prairie Chicago
$1S, Minneapolis $3.50, Kansas City
$12.50.
FEED-Wheat feeds quoted higher
in most markets though demand for
middlings and other heavy feeds re.
ported as poor. Transit and mill Of
ferings of wheat feeds are light but
stocks appear ample in most sections.
Oil meals were easier and hominy feed
weak on continued good production
Gluten feed pirce unchanged. . De.
mand for corn feeds and oil meals
Tight. No export inquiry of any con.
sequence Alfalfa meal conditions and
prices unchanged. Demand for most
feeds light, stocks fair, movement
good. Quoted April 18th: Bran S22,
middlings s23, linseed meal $50 Min
neapolis; 3695 cottonseed meal $42
Memphis, $42 Atlanta; white hominy
feed $2050 st. Louis, $2O.50 Chicago;
gluten feed s32.65 Chicago; No. al
falfa meal $19 Kansas City.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
k)O(L<IH|
Il ~ 44y2 ..,
INTEREST IN LAM0NA BREED
White-Egg-Laying General Purpose
Fowl Developed by Department
of Agriculture.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
The Lamona, the new white.egg-lay-
Ing general-purpose fowl originated
and being developed by the United
States Department of Agriculture,
made Its first public appearance at
the Madison Square Garden poultry
show, held in New York from january
% to 30, where 15 of the birds were
shown in the open classes. In nddi-
tion to the L.amonas, and other govern
ment-bred fowls of standard breeds.
the department put OH an extensive
exhibit consisting of models Of poultry
houses. a display of feathers Of the
standard breeds, appliances such as
feed hoppers. brood coops. and q fat
tening battery. A series of panels.
made up of photographs charts, and
placards. showed the more important
standard breeds, the feeding of hens
for egg production. the preparation OF
birds for exhibition, the advantages
of early Matching. the Improvement re-
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
HOW TO MANAGE PIGS
EOR PORK PRODUCTION

The SOW and litter should have pas
cure as early as possible, while good
pasture. all summer is essential to
profitable pork production, says George
J. Baken, extension livestock special
st of the North Dakota Agricultural
college, in discussing pig care aid feed
Ing.
When the little pigs are from two to
three weeks old they know quite we'll
how to eat grain and should have a
yard where they may be fed; this yard
being separated from the sows by a
creep.
Skinned milk is very good for young
pigs and may be fed with flour midd-
lings, and later on, with standard
middlings and ground oats. Pigs also
do well on corn meal with the above
feeds.
When the pigs are five to six weeks
old they may be fed cracked corn and
whole oats: and Il little later, whole
corn and oats.
The pigs may be castrated at about
four to five weeks of age; they will not
ordinarily be weaned till they are nine
or ten weeks old. This gives them a
chance to recover while they are still
nursing. When older pigs are castrat-
ed it is very essential that the incision
be made low. and that every last bit of
the colored portion of the cords be re.
moved.
When only one litter of pigs is rails.
ed per year, it is sometimes advisable
to let the sows wean the pigs them.
selves. Ordinarily, however, 1t is bet
ter to wean the pigs at nine and ten
weeks Of age. Cut down on the feed
OF the SOW and take the pigs away. If
you can keep the SOW on dry feed and
make 1t very limited she will soon dry
| up.
The pigs must be fed as before wean.
Ing. continuing on pasture, (alfalfa if
you have it) and eating all the oats
they will clean up. Some corn tank.
age may he fed to advantage.
Plan now to have field of an early
variety Of corn ready to turn the hogs
into about the last week of August. let
ting them continue on pasture. This
is the farmers self feeder.
Get the hog ready for market. weigh.
Ing around 200 pounds, by the middle
to the last of September as hogs are
usually good price at that time.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
EFFECTIVE CONTROL
OF CATERPILLARS

Egg masses of the forest tent-cater-
pillar, which are removed form twigs
before the leaves begin to conceal them
from view, should be burned, as the
eggs may hatch out if they are thrown
on the ground near the trees, says DR..
Il. l.. Walster, entOmologist of the
North Dakota experiment station
These egg masses are. ring-like bands
around twigs of trees whose foliage
the caterpiilars eat after they hatch
out in the early spring.
In orchards where spraying with
arsenic poisons is regularly practiced,
these insects rarely cause damage.
Lead arsenate paste, two or three
pounds to fifty gallons of water. will
poison the caterpillals Oh foliage. If
the powder is used, only half as much
for the same quantity of water is nee
essary.
When the caterpillars come into
the orchard from an adjoining piece
Of woodland. control is more difficult.
Spraying, supplemented with banding
the trunks with tanglefoot, is reconl-
mended.
The caterpillars feed on the foliage
of such trees as linden, oak, ash, apple,
cherry, maple, and plum. This insect
spends the winter in the egg stage.
Hatching in the early spring. the cat
erpillars feed in colonies en- the leaves,
sometimes webbing in the foliage
where they are feeding.
The full grown caterpillar is about
two inches long, hairy. and with row
of cream colored, wedge-shaped spots
running down the back. The caterpl-
lars form their cocoons in curled
leaves in late summer From these
cocoons emerge the brownish moths,
the females of which deposit the egg
masses, ringlike in appearance, which
are found on the twigs in the colder
months.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
TEACH CALF TO LEAD EARLY
Young Animals Are Easier to Handle
and They Should Be Fitted
With Halters.

Calves, especially those to he used
in the show-rirg or purebred bulls or
heifers should be taught to lead when
very young. They are easier to handle
and much time and trouble will be
saved later on.
When calves are few months old
they should be carefully fitted with
halters and tied up short time each
day. This will cause them to lead very
readily. Lead the calves to suckle or
to water for few days. In leading
them for the first few times pull
diagonally first to one side and then
to the other.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
|D0UIIM N0TF(|
|h zSSSsSSSSSS$SS S$AjO|

The young chick drinks great deal
of water and plenty Of it is necessary
for its health and development.
The first food the chick should re-
ceive after being removed from the
nest or incubator is clean, fresh wa.
ter with the chill removed.
Don't feed any more mash at one
time than the fowls will eat up per-
1ectly clean. To allow more Is not
oaly wasteful but promotes unsant
tafy conditions.
Accumulated moisture In the poultry
house and an overcrowded condition
are directly responsible for the colds
and roup which weaken the vitality Of
the birds. causing them to easily sua
:vmb to other diseaSeG
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20

sulting from the use of high quality
sire, capons and caponizing, culling the
farm flock, and the pedigree breeding
Of poultry.
A number Of department representa-.
tives took part in the program Of the
show and gave information to the Wis.,
itors concerning the educational exhib-
it. They reported an extraordinary
interest on the part Of the public and
various poultry breeders in the La-
mona breed. many persons desiring to
obtain breeding birds. The depart
Elent believes 1t necessary to perfect
them still more as regards certain
chara acteristics, and 1t Is not likely that
any will be for sale during the coming
year.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
Minneapolis Butter, Eggs and Pouitr

Minneapolis Butter, Eggs and Poultry.
Minneapolis - BUTTER - Extras.
sec; firsts, 29c; seconds, 24c; storage
extras, 29c; packing stock, fresh
sweet 16c; stale goods, sc; grease, 1cs
EGGS-Country receipts, rots out,
per case, $6.75 No. l candled, good
extras free from rots, small. dirties
and checks out, per dozen, 231@c; sec
onds mall, 1Sc; checks rots and leak
ers out, dozen, 16c; quotations on eggs
include cases.
LIVE POULTRY-Not advisable to
ship turkeys under Z lbs. in weight.
Hens lbs. and over. Csc: hens under
lbs. zoe; cripples and culls unsal-
able, ducks, fat, 1sc; geese, fat. 12c;
Ihurkeys fat, oyre 8 lbs, 25c; turkeys,
thin and small, 10000; cripples and
culls unsalable; guineas, per dozen,
IS; young roosters zoe; old, Ice.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
FEED HORSES SWEET CLOVER
Better for Them Than Any Other
Glass Of Animals Because Fiber
10 Easily Dioested.

Sweet clover, If allowed to become
fairly mature, is very coarse and STEM
my. Hay Of that character is more
favorable for horses than any other
class Of animals because horses can
consume and digest larger percent.
age of crude fiber In plants. This is
because the horse has an intestine Of
large capacity and the crude fiber is
dlgested In the intestine rather than
the stomach.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
sELF-FEEDER PLEAsEs HOGS
Better Gains Made by Use Of Device
and Are Built In Many DIFF.
ferent Ways.

It is a fact we'll recognized by feed
ers that hogs having access to self
feeder make better gains than those
that do not. These feeders for hogs
are made in various types. Double
side feeders with single door on top
double-side feeders with double door
on top and single-side feeders with a
single door on top. all have proved
practical.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
Robbed Of His Savings.

Missoula, Mont.-Gus Erickson was
robbed of $4,000, his savings during
the II years he. has been employed
as section foreman on the Northern
Pacific railway at Perma, Mont. The
loss included uncashed pay checks for
the last three years, currency and
Liberty bonds. He carried his saw
ings in a money belt.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
Minneapolis Closing Cash Prices.

neapOIlS-Wheat NO. dark NOT.
thern, 1.61@1.70; No. northern, 1.59
@162; No. 2 dark northern. 1870
1.64; No. northern, 1.55@1.59; No.
3 dark northern, 1.50@1.61; No.
northern, 1.49@1.55; No. 1 durum.
127@1.32. Corn. No. yellow, $50
54: No. yellow, 52@53 No. 2 mixed.
SEC; No. 3 mixed, 51@51. Oats No.
White, 35@36 Barley. choice to fancy,
61@63. Rye No. 2, 5000. Flaxseed
No. /, 2.6S6272.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
N. o. College to Broadcast Markets.

N. D. College to Broadcast Markets.
Fargo-Weather and market reports
will be broadcast over North Dakota
and northern Minnesota by wireless
from the engineering department of
the North Dakota Agricultural college,
Dean E. s. Keene announced. Appa-
ratus to complete the present set has
been ordered and reports will start
rs soon as it is. set.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20

The best care to give setting hen
Is to leave her alone-she knows her
business better than most men know it.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20
South St. Paul Live Stock.

So. St. Publishers. s5.25@7.50;
COWS, $35O@750; calves, $3.0O@$6.25;
hogs, $1O.O0@$1O.65; sheep and lambs
$5.O0@$14.00.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20

Next years farm income tax will be
simplified by the use of farm account
books. Your county agent has 'em.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20

national dairy show In St. Paul this
year.
Mr.. Dice points out that the last fed
eral census credits North Dakota with
an income of $23,OOO,O0O from dairy
products in 1920, totaling one-fourth
of the value of the states wheat crop
for the same year. The number Of
purebred cattle in the state was given
as 1890, Holsteins leading with 2,937,
with Jerseys, Guernseys, and Ayshires
following in order. The increase dur.
ing the 10-year period preceding the
1920 census was 78 per cent.
That increase was in the face Of ex-
ceptionally good grain crop conditions
and without any particular stimula-
tion. With interest at its present
height, and the consistent efforts be-
ing put forth by leaders who realize
the value to the state of greatly in.
creased dairying activity, Professor
Dice is confident that it will take only
two years to accomplish results in this
field proportionate to those achieved
in 10 years between 1910 and 1920.
~~~~~~>-.e~~>~~~~>~
well covered with the plants. These
will produce the crop the following
season.
In the fall, as soon as the ground is
frozen hard enough to form crust
the bed should be mulched with four
inches of clean straw. The straw is
raked off the plants in the spring as
soon as growth begins, and either left
in the rows as mulch or entirely re.
moved so that the ground can be cult.
waited. Ordinarily bed is good for
two or three years, when it should be
renewed.
The bed will do best If it is irrigated
as the dry weather is one Of the great
est obstacles to getting crops Of straw.
berries in North Dakota. If the water
does not come at the right time, the
berries frequently dry up instead of
ripening.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-20

Buying new clothes and hats instead
Of making over old ones isn't extrava-
gance If the old material wasn't worth
the time and effort necessary to make
1t presentable.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-12-06
: aEAR! 3 [;ss S9gM N! Z PR ,llBLEMSl

Dear Mrs, Thompson: am O
young man In high school and
would like what advice you car
give me, ] have a girl friend with
whom l correspand. She likes me
very much l suppose ny the let
tiers she writes. but still she treats
me as though she were ashamed
Of me. When we meet I always
speak and sometimes she speaks
and sometimes she doesn't. l have
asked her not to be so friendly
with other boys, but she says she
will do as she pleases. Do you
suppose she likes me at all?
admire her greatly and yet she
treats me as II ] were her enemy
How can | gain her affections?
IGNORANT HERMAN OF
HORTON.
Girls who are in high school are
sometimes ashamed to admit even
to themselves that they are grow
ing up. They avoid anything thai
would give the appearance that
they have passed out of childhood
This may seem strange, but ] know
for fact that many girls do not
speak to boys when they are Will
some one else, simply because they
feel embarrassed. IL the girl you
like consents to go to school par
ties with you, you may be sure she
likes you. Do not ask her to give
up other boys. because she is toe
young to go with you and no one
else.
Dear Mrs. Thompson: an
twenty-five years old and have beer
married fourteen months. We have
little baby girl four months old
My husband is very good to me
but he has had a lot OF hard luci
since we have been married and
so we have had to move home witt
mother. have two sisters and
a brother who are living at home
ed now, but we enjoy being to-
gether.
My husbands mother Is q widow
and lives all alone in a house she
owns. She wants us to come and
live with her. Before we were
married she made 1t very evident
that she did not like me and she
did everything she could to stand
in the way of our morriage, Since
we have been married ! have tried
to forget the way she used to &C
and / have had her in my home
and gone to hers, but even yet
can feel that she doesn't like mt
but has to put UP with me because
am her daughter-in-law.
She thinks it is terrible for III
to stay where we are so crowded
when we could have plenty Of room
with her. She has convinced m!
husband of this, but he says l cal
do as ] please and go or stay.
don't want to go. but do you thinl
! ought to go for my husband
sake? r. ].
1t would be a great mistake 70
you to go under the circumstances
You and your mother-in-law hav
patched up old scores and can ge
along amicably IL you do not tr,
living together. But ! am afrai'
that once you lived in the home o
your mother-in-law she woul'
make you unhappy. Since you ar
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-12-06
AN ATTEMPT TO HIDE
UNHAPPINESS
Chapter 60

Chapter 60
/ Miss Jones, by her handling OF
Nellie, had aroused her initiative.
There are times when an em-
ployer is away, or when business
is brisk, that one has to use their
own Judgment to certain eX-
tent" she told her 1.-THE aver
age business man may not per-
haps look for it, may not expect
it. But the big man, the man OF
big business and ideas, both eX-
poets and appreciates it in an en-
ploye close to himself"
Nellie had taken an interest in
filing, and worked out many lit
tie improvements for the file
clerk, rather a Flooding sort of a
girl. When Mr.. Fallon found it
out he was much pleased, al
though he pretended to scold,
saying:
you mustn't work too hard.
We can't have you getting ILL.,"
I'm too tough to get sick"
Nellie had answered rather
brusquely then turned away that
he might not see the pleased look
in her eyes. He had thought of
her, feared she might become i'll.
Acting upon Mrs. Roberts ad-
vice, Nellie had commenced TAX
ing books from the library, many
books OF a serious nature, as well
as lighter reading. In one of the
former she read
"A girl who is in earnest, WHO
is sincere worker, bears in mind
her work is not for today or to-
morrow, That perhaps it is for
life. She is not sure-she cannot
be sure that she will meet any
man for whom she will care
enough to give up her freedom,
her independent income. So she
wisely shapes her course for a
business career which will furnish
her not only living wages, but an
interesting occupation; one in
which she is contented, and to
which she gives the best she has.
Equip yourselves in the line you
have chosen as If you were going
to spend your lives in 1t. If you
do marry and have homes of your
own the very effort you have made
to raise yourself above the COM
mon herd will strengthen you, will
make you better wife and
mother"
Nellie thought long Of this pass
age. She would never marry-but
she would try to so thoroughly
equip herself that the firm could