davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-11-05
GEN. HALL TELLS
WHAT ARMY is

ippines, whose insurrection from Span
ish days and whose entire history since
American possession has been largely
an army story; OF Cuba, whose Gov
ernment for years has been and at the
present time is directly assisted by
representatives Of the army; of Pan
anna, dug, built and protected by the
army; and, chiefest of all, perhaps, OF
the control and eradication of disease
wherein, working in Cuba, the Philip
pines, Panama and the United States,
the army has been so largely instru-
mental in eliminating or minimizing
typhoid, yellow fever smallpox, plague,
cholera, dengue, beri-beri and even lep-
rosy itself-a mere mention of these
activities, l say, brings forcibly to the
mind the important part the army
has played in our peace time develop
ment.
The first plan. that is, universal
military training, was rejected by the
people and eventually the second was
adopted and established under the act
of Congress Of June A. 1920. This is
defined by President Harding as fol-
lows:
Our present national defense law
establishes an economical and demo-
cratic policy thoroughly consistent
with our national traditions. 1t pro-
vides for a small regular army to be
augmented by great citizen forces in
the event of national emergency. This
is our traditional military policy. But,
whereas in the past these larger war
forces have been extemporized after
the occurrence Of an emergency the
new law wisely provides that the
framework of their organization shall
be established and developed In time
Of peace in so far as practicable
through the voluntary service OF our
patriotic young men,"
In putting this military policy into
execution the Congress has wisely
provided plan OF procedure. Based
on this authority the President has
prescribed the following as the mis-
sions Of the various components Of the
army of the United States.
(a) The regular army
ID To provide adequate garrisons
in peace and In war for our oversee
possessions. (2) To provide adequate
peace garrisons for the coast defenses
within the continental limits Of the
United States. (3) To provide per-
sonnel for the development and train
The New York herald., 1922-11-05

vas in some instances evident that the
irmy officer detailed for duty at the
institution was persona grata In in
erse ratio to the amount OF military
1struction he required.
But as time went on and the results
the work Of these army instructors
hegan to appear many colleges changed
heir views and frankly stated that the
Military instruction given was a dis
net asset to the college and Of inesu-
nable value to the student.
The r. o. r. c. Is a directsoutRrowth
of this system OF military instruction
in colleges. or, rather. It is an expan-
sion of that system. The system r.
exactly the same as heretofore. but
the methods employed are much i'm
proved, the instruction given is much
enlarged, the number OF officers de-
tailed has been greatly augmented and
the Importance of the course has been
greatly emphasized. until now at a
number OF our important institutions
a detachment OF army officers, num-
bering from two or three to six or
more, are actively engaged as MEM
bers of the faculty in carrying on a
deliberately prepared and carefully Sc
lected course of instruction intended
TO direct the moral and physical edss-
cation of the student. to interest him
in the true history Of his country. TO
make him a good citizen. to educate
him in the military fundamentals and
in general to At him, upon his grad
uation. for a commission In the Or
ganized Reserves OF the Army of the
United States.
The second class OF camps is the
citizens military training camp. The
personnel OF these camps comes from
the youth generally Of our country.
who volunteer for the course OF train
ing provided for them. This course is
one month in duration. The object
of this camp Is TO train our youths
for the duties OF their coming man
hood and TO fit them for the military
duties that they may be called upon
20 perform I'm event OF a national
emergency.
The citizens military training camp
is destined to be the principal soorce
of supply of officers and non commits
stoned officers for the Organized Re-
serve. The day will come when the
world war veteran class will have
passed from the active list. and we
shall then depend principally upon the
young men received from our schools
and civil life generally for recruiting
The New York herald., 1922-11-05

and with women representing all pro-
fessions. will make clear the woman's
standard. There are and probably al
ways will be two standards, the mems
standard and the women's standard.
I think when women have voiced and
expressed their own standard that de-
cent people. both men and women, will
rally to II and demand Its enforcement.
II see no sex antagonism rising out
of the work Of the Woman's Party. I
think that the result Of our work Will
be to make women better companions
to men The clinging vine type is not
the type of woman who attracts and
holds a mans devotion and respect.
case. Tho truth Is that men are at
tracted permanently only to women OF
ability"
Mrs. Belmont says that the equal
rights campaign to be launched by the
Woman's Party in forty-two States.
and possibly through national equal
rights amendment, is only the begin
ming OF the party's work.
I'VE have first to clear away the
weeds" she declared. 1.-THE discrimi-
nations against women in our laws are
weeds. After the weeds are cleared
away comes the flower and then the
fruit. The feminist program is a posi-
tive one affecting women in every
phase of their life-in the family, in
the church. in government, in indus
try and the professions. Women must
be free to dictate their own lives.
For twenty centuries men have ex-
pressed themselves as they pleased and
have insisted that women express
themselves as the men pleased, too.
Our challenge to the world must be
that women now take their lives into
their own keeping"
In regard to the immediate legisla-
tive program of the Woman's Party
Mrs. Belmont said:
Three forms of State campaigns
Will be discussed by our conference IN
November.
"The first form would be a campaign
to secure equal rights laws similar to
the one passed In Wisconsin, which
stated that women should have all the
rights. privileges and immunities pos
sessed by men.
THE second possibility Is the intro
duction of a bill which would amend
every statute in which determinations
against women are now found and
would provide a new law TO take the
place OF the old unjust one. Such a
bill was introduced by the Wonan's
Party in Massachusetts,.
The third plan now being worked
collection Of the best laws on all SUBJ
jects affecting women. The best bill.
for instance. on illegitimacy is that of
North Dakota, where no child is con-
sidered illegitimate The best law on
support is that Of Louisiana The best
law on alimony is that In Ohio, the
best inheritance law in Virginia When
we have collected these best laws
they may be introduced to take the
place OF the old laws"
The New York herald., 1922-11-05

possible when it Is already pelng done
at is just such information as this
that the legal research staff of the
Woman's Party is collecting. 1t is
also tabulating all judicial decisions
State and national, on the subject OF
labor legislation, task never before
undertaken. Before we move we are
anxious to be fortified by all the facts
available In addition we are asking
women workers and their employers
to tell us personally their opinions of
laws which aim to protect women, 80
that we may find out whether those
laws actually protect women workers
in their jobs or, al we know In some
cases they DO. protect them out OF
Job entirely"
Heated debates on this subject are
likely on the conference floor, since
many prominent officers OF the Wom-
ans Party have decided opinions on
both sides of the question.
Meeting simultaneously with the ma
tional conference will be the council
Of women lawyers organized by the
Woman's Party. including. 1t is esti-
number of women lawyers in the
United States. and headed by Judge
Kathryn Sellers, appointed by Presi-
dent Wilson as Judge Of the Juvenile
Court in the District OF Columbia
The lawyers council will decide as to
the best form Of legislation required
to accomplish the purpose Of giving
women equal legal status with men.
Mrs. BeImont's Plan
For Woman's Parliament
At the same conference the plans OF
Mrs. Oliver II. p. Belmont national
president of the Woman's Party, for
developing its headquarters into q
great meeting place for the women OF
the nation will be presented. Mrs. Bel
mont's plan is to build a great wom-
ans parliament opposite the Congress
Of the United States where women oi
all States and Of all professions shall
voice their views on national issues
representing what Is now greatly
sought by national legislators. the
"woman's point of Wow" on politica.
matters.
Mrs. Belmont says:
For many years women have sat ir
the galleries of Congress listening tc
the mems point of view on political
questions. At our womans parliament
men will be admitted to the galleries
to listen to the woman's point of view
For many years women members OF
Congress will probably be in the minor
ity in Congress. and even II we Sc.
cure a fifty-fifty representation fol
women in Congress II would take time
before the old idea Of women as sub
ordinates and interiors is done away
with The men politicians will DO re-
luctant to give to women any but un-
important places on committees. They
will naturally fight 20 hold the -reint
of party government In their owr
hands.
Our woman's parliament, with
women from all parts Of the country
The New York herald., 1922-11-05
Screech of the Roller Skate

Q ONGS OF the birds In Central Park
- Immediately following their mi
grafton have been succeeded by
peculiar noises that sometimes mystify
the persons who restrict their wood
land wanderings to the paths above
seventy-second street. II Is a screech
that distance lends no music TO.
To discover where It comes from and
what II is one need go to the Mall be-
tween the hours OF z and TO- II is
thronged TO the degree of impassabality
by boys and girls Of ages varying from
IL years TO 1e all grinding up and
down on roller skates. A few years
ago this sport seemed to be going out
Of favor. this year II is more popular
than ever before
The New York herald., 1922-11-05

from which appointments TO the Re-
serve officers Corps may be made. We
take these officers also from our col
leges, schools and civil life generally
and applicants under these conditions
undergo a course of training at train
camps to prepare them for the
'uties OF the appointments they seek
We have two types Of such camps es-
,ablished; these are known as the Re-
serve Oflcers Training Corps camps
and the Citizens Military Training
camps.
The first of the above named, the
Reserve Officers Training Corps camp.
consists in general OF personnel volun-
teering from various colleges and
schools throughout the country. The
number of these young men permitted
TO come to such camps depends par
ticularly upon the amount of appro-
priation by Congress for the purpose.
The camp is without expense TO the
participants and some of the latter.
Under certain conditions, are paid for
their services. These young men un-
dergo n course of theoretical military
training during their college year while
IT college or school and n practical
course at the camp. The interest
-hown is very marked and the i'm
provement rapid.
Upon completion OF the six weeks
curse at this camp qualified graduates
qre eligible. upon recommendation OF
he regular army officers In charge. for
appointment as second lieutenants In
80 organized reserves. While IN at
tendance NJ their institutions and at
he training camps these students re-
ceive certain emoluments from the
Government in the way OF pay. cloth
'ng and subsistence allowances.
The Reserve officers Training Corps
which supplies the students at the
camps just described. Is an outgrowth
n the old department OF military
science included in the curriculum OF
certain agricultural and state colleges
'vhich are recipients of Congressional
approximations. These colleges under
l16t system we're Obliged. in order TO
remain eligible for the appropriation
70 embrace In their curriculum n pro-
gram of military instruction TO be
oiven during a snecified period of the
term to a specified number OF the
students.
IN some colleges I'm the past years II
developed that this system was dis
tasteful and considerable difficulty was
experienced IN maintaining an efficient
course OF military instruction there. II
The New York herald., 1922-11-05
First Component
In Both Peace and War


The Regular Army is the first COM
ponent of the army Of the United
States in peace and in war.
OBJ The National Guard
~ In time of peace, TO provide an
adequate organized and effective force
which will be available in minor emer-
gencies for employment within the
limits of the United States. by the
States or by the United States. (2)
In time of war or major emergencies.
when Congress has authorized the use
OF troops in excess of those of the
Regular Army. to provide an adequate
balanced and effective component OF
the army of the United States for en-
ployment by the United States without
restrictions.
The National Guard is the second
component of the army of the United
States in peace and in war.
(c) The Organized Reserves
Cd To provide q trained organized
and balanced force which may be read
lily expanded and developed into an
adequate war component OF the army
OF the United States to meet any major
emergency requiring the use OF troops
In excess Of those OF the Regular Army
and the National Guard. (2) The
Regular Army and the National Guard
may be employed separately or to-
gether in minor and in major emer-
gencles, but the Organized Reserves
constitute purely a war force and will
be employed in the event OF a national
emergency declared by Congress.
The Organized Reserves are the
third component of the army of the
United states.
1t is the policy OF the War Depart
ment to develop the Regular Army and
the National Guard to the full strength
provided by law and for the present
to maintain the enlisted tactical units
OF the Organized Reserves as cadres
or skeletons only, but with the officer
personnel complete
The National Guard Is at present a
volunteer force OF citizen soldiers,
which In peace time owes allegiance
TO both State and Federal Govern
ments. At such time 1t can be used
by either the State or the Federal
Government for any emergency with
in the State or the United States.
The organized reserves will form
the bulk OF the Army Of the United
states. It's personnel serves volun-
tarily. and all the members thereof
are assigned 10 some permanent unit
Of the Organized Reserve. The forma-
The New York herald., 1922-11-05

ton of this component OF the army is
a great departure from any military
policy heretofore pursued. Developed
along proper lines 1t Will produce a
force which Is at once adequate, eff
cient, economical and In thorough
keeping with our form of government
and our traditional policy Of entrust-
ing the defense of the nation to the
citizens OF the country.
The general elements Of the plan for
organizing this reserve contemplate
the formation of what are known as
corps areas. The primary functions OF
the corps areas are the organization,
training and mobilization of troops.
The system is based upon the military
population available and under normal
conditions each area should produce
approximately the same number of
troops. On the basis of the military
population the United States has been
divided into nine corps areas. To these
nine corps areas are assigned certain
organizations OF the National Guard
and Organized Reserves. and these,
combined with certain Regular Army
contingents are designed to provide
In peace the framework and In war
the completed organizations required
TO carry on the war. These corps
area organizations. when conditions
permit, retain their old designations
carried during the world war. and this
fact tends to preserve the traditions
of those veteran organizations and
create esprit de corps.
The training of the Organized Re
serves is carried out under the Fed
eral Government. It's aim Is to give
such training that each organization
will be able 20 fulfill its war time mis-
sion. For this training members of
the Reserve Corps are ordered TO ac-
tive duty for not to exceed fifteen
days each year. This is the training
period, and IL affords the principal
means of fitting the Organized Re-
serves for their work. II Is supple
mented by lectures, conferences and
correspondence schools.
Any person who was an officer of
the army between April s, 1917. and
June 30, 1919. or had been an officer
of the regular army at any time. may
be appointed as a reserve officer in the
highest grade which he held in the
army or any lower grade: any person
now serving in the National Guard as
an officer may be appointeS as re-
serve officer in his present or lower
grade.
But these arc not the only sources
The New York herald., 1922-11-05

Belmont, president; Mrs John Rogers,
chairman advisory council and
founder; Mrs Lillian NJ. Meadow,
member advisory council and founder;
Miss Marion May, member advisory
council and founder; Mrs. E. st. Clair
Thompson, member advisory council;
Mrs. John Jay White, member advisory
council and founder.
Mrs. Robert Goelet, founder; Mrs.
Marcus M. Marks, chairman New York
city committee and founder; Mrs. John
Winters Brannan, maintenance chair
man New York city committee and
founder; Mrs. Lloyd Williams. treas
urer New York city committee and
founder; Mrs Clarence M. Smith.
member New York city committee and
founder: Miss Rebecca Hourwich, or
ganizer New York city committee and
founder; Miss Eleanor Brannan,
founder; Mrs. n. o. Havemeyer,
founder: Miss Joan Grayson, founder;
Mrs. william May Wright.
Monticello-Mrs. Elizabeth w. Null
Ter. founder. Scarsdale-Mrs. Will
lam Blauvelt, New York State chair
man and founder. Iamestown-Mis
Edith Ainge, treasurer.
In addition to the planning OF forty
two State campaigns these women
leaders have another question of para
mount importance to decide. They will
discuss and vote as to whether the
time is ripe to introduce the twenty
first amendment to the national Con-
stitution, an amendment which win
be, they believe, as far reaching and as
fundamental as the suffrage amend
ment.
This equal rights amendment would
wipe away at one stroke all discrimi-
nations against women based upon sex
or marriage. If the conference votes
"yes' on the amendment 1t will be in
troduced at the coming session of Con-
gress. probably by Senator Curtis, Re-
publican leader in the Senate. and
Representative Fess. Republican leader
in the House. 1t will become a politi-
cal issue Of prime Importance to be
pushed as vigorously as was the ma
tional suffrage amendment.
The New York herald., 1922-11-05
Two Points of View Arose
As to Measures of Defense

Two schools of thought soon de-
veloped. One called for a system OF
compulsory universal military training
and the other for a system of volun
tary service only. The school of COM
pulsory service is based on the idea
that every made citizen has an obli-
CATION to the nation that protects him
and that he should be willing. and IL
not willing. he should be compelled, to,
devote q certain fixed period of his
time to military training in time of
peace. The second school OF thought
advocated a small regular volunteer
army kept in a highly efficient state
and ready for any emergency at all
times; this to be backed by second
line of defense in the form of a volun-
teer trained force called the National
Guard and, finally. both of these
forces to be reinforced and upheld by
a great national volunteer organiza-
tion called the Organized Reserve.
The first school of thought-that Is,
compulsory universal military train
ing-was, after considerable discus
sion, rejected by our people. There
are many reasons for this unwilling
ness on the part of the American peo-
pie to subscribe TO such a system, but
one of these reasons. l think, Is I'll
founded. and that is the fear OF what
Is usually called 'militarism" in our
country. The American army Is a
conservator of peace. To be sure, It
stands ready at all times to repel law
lessness and quell violation OF ma
tional laws or threat to the national
welfare, but "militarism" is as repug
nant to tho army as II is to our
citizenry.
The American army is builder. not
q wrecker. 1t constructs; it does not
destroy. 10 works in peace as well as
in war. II has been a national asset
in tho upbullding Of our country since
its earliest history. Scarcely had the
Revolution ended than a great ex-
ploring expedition, 1000 miles across
the country TO the Pacific coast, was
sent out by President jefferson. and
tho leader he chose was an officer Of
the army--Capt. Lewis. The early ex-
pioration OF the ATississlppi is a record
of the army, with Wilkinson and Pike
as standard bearers. Young Long en-
, tered deep into the region of the Colo
RADIO. Capt. Bonneville devoted FIVE
wears to a life in the midst OF the
Indians of the far West and Capt.
Fremont secured California 10 the
United States. These army officers
and the small bodies Of soldiers with
whom they worked were the very life
and spirit Of our early development.
The New York herald., 1922-11-05
Think Existing Privileges
Are Not ENDANGERED

The Woman's Party declares that
welfare legislation is not touched by
any OF the State bills, and it does not
believe It would be affected even by a
national amendment. But just to
make sure the party has been study
ing the labor legislation In every
State In the Union during the last
year for the purpose, says Miss Paul.
"of knowing more about this subject
than anybody else in the country"
I'VE find" Miss Paul said. that
some of our less progressive States,
particularly those in the South, have
ten hour laws for all workers. men
and women. Yet we were told by adj
vocates of special labor laws for wom-
en- that 1t was impossible to pass or
enforce law protecting both men and
women In industry. Why is this inn