The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1922-02-16

InedTdi it Tdlocu his HdHd duu DC
slowed upon the multitude his hrst
public benedlctiOn. He then returned
TO the Vatican. where the popes in re-
cent years have remained virtual pris-
oners until their deaths.
American Cardinals Too Late.
Three cardinals from the new world.
though making all speed TO Rome.
were too late to take part In the cleo
tion of the new pope. Cardinal O'Con.
nell of Boston landed In Naples al
$3.50 this morning from the steamer
President Wilson and left at once for
this city on a special train which was
arranged for him by the Italian gov
eminent. Cardinals Dougherty Of
Philadelphia aud Begin Of Quebec
are expected to arrive here on Thurs
day. The absence Of these three was
deeply regretted by the members Of
the sacred college for they especially
desired that America should be repre-
scented In the solemnities at the an
nouncement of the new pontiff even
II Its cardinals could o take part
In the election. Before the ~cOnclave
opened II had been rumored that II
might be delayed to enable the Amer
lean cardinals TO be present, but this
was found to be inadvisable.
The new pontiff will be crowned
within the next week and cardinals
now en- route for Rome who were I'M
able 10 get there in time for the on
clave election, will be at hand for the
elaborate coronation rites.
The popes date their certificates
from the day they assume their tiara
rather than from the date of election
by the conclave OF cardinals.
BY taking the name of Plus. the new
pontiff has shown his preference for
a designation that has been a favOrite
with occupants of the chair Of st, Pc
ter. The pontiff before Benedict XIV
was Plus X. He occupied the Vatican
from 1903 to 1914.
Seven Ballots Taken.
Balloting for the new pope began
Friday morning. Two ballots were
taken Friday, two on Saturday. and
two on Sunday. The regular morning
ballot was taken today, as usual.
AS ballot after ballot was taken and
the black smoke announced n
choice the belief became fixed that
neither of the powerful factions Of the
sacred college would be able to win
over the other ard that a compromise
candidate seemed certain. When the
weekend passed without a choice on
Sunday interest grew TO fever heat.
The biggest crowd since the conclave
opened was gathered In the great
square fanking st. Peters. There
was a feeling of expectancy the dead
lock was about to be broken. probably
through a compromise.
Before the conclave last Thursday
the name OF Cardinal Ratti had been
mentioned more or less conspicuously
as the candidate Of the reconciliation
faction headed by Cardinal Gasparri.
papal secretary of state. Cardinal
Gasparri and his adherents pledged
themselves to carry out the political
policy OF the late Benedict XIV. which
was to renew friendly relations with
the q%ulrinal without impairing the In.
ternationaI prestige Of the church.
II was understood that Cardinal
Mafi. archbishop of Pisa, was favored
by the nonreconciliahle faction, led by
Cardinal Merry del Val.
Was Pspai Nuncio To Poland.
Cardinal Rattl was for several
years papai nuncio In Poland. where
his discharge of important ecclesias-
teal functions. when the Polish ques-
tion became acute earned for him the
esteem of Benedict XIV. and the
gratitude OF Vatican authorities. II
was because of his service that the
red hat. was conferred upon him on
June 10. 1921. when a similar honor
was bestowed on Cardinal laurent.
Cardinal Ratti was horn In Italy on
Oct. u. 1898. For many years he was
librarian OF the Ambrosian library
and archives at Milan. Later he he
came librarian of the Vatican. In this
position he remained until the new
republic OF Poland established official
diplomatic relations with the Vatican,
at which time Ratti was appointed
archbishop and was assigned to Po-
land as the representative of the holy
see.
That country was then torn with
the estrangements from church
brought about by the communistic
propaganda from soviet Russia. Arch
bishop Ratti co~unteracted the spread
Of radicalism. He also won the es-
TEEN Of Polish Catholics by his ef-
forts In behalf Of destitute children
orphaned by the war.
Cardinal Ratti ms the archbishop OF
Milan presided over one Of the most
important archdioceses In Italy. TIE
city being a great Industrial center.
one of its main requirements is that
the cardinal possesses a thorough
knowledge of political and social
problems. He IL big physically and In
reputed TO have liberal tendencies.
Confined to the Vatican.
The pope upon his election be
comes a virtual prisoner In the Vatican.
for In 1870 II was decreed by Plus
TX that a pope must never pass It's
confines.
This decree was a result of the
first definition OF the legal status Of
tha Vatican THE axacf da&arrafnatior