, 1922-01-12

caused Il lot Of trouble. A ptebiscite
was held there In March, but both
sides asserted it was unfair and curly
In May the region was invaded by
Polish irresulnrs. Thinly veiIedS support
WAS given them by the Warsaw gov
ernIncnt and also by the French and
there succeeded IL long series of fights
between them and German volunteer
forces. The entente cordialc of the
allies was near to rupture, but In June
British troops entered the territory
and began clearing o the Poles The
dispute was referred TO the league
council which in October announced
the boundary lines. Neither Germany
nor Poland was satisfied but both ac-
crptel the decision.
All through the year the Greeks
fought the Turkish natinnalistS in
AnaI"lia, with varying fortune. while
the allied powers held aloof. though
offering mediation which Greece re-
fused. In November France made II
treaty with the Kemalist government
which aroused protests from Great
Britain and led to diplomatic negutia-
tons.
The United States formally made
peace with the central powers. the
treaty with Austria being signed Au-
gust n, that with Germany August -,
and the pact with hungary August %.
In these i~rcntics America reserved all
that was given her by the treaty of
Versailles which the scuate had re-
fused tn ra:lfy.
President Harding on July 10 is
sued informal Invitations to Great
Britain, France, Italy and Japan to
send representatives to Washington
for II conference on limitation of
armament and Far East questions.
Acceptance from all was already as
Surpd by II process of feeling out"
and on August II the formal invita-
tons went out. China. Belgium. 1lol-
land and Portugal being asked to par
ticipate in discussions involving the
Far East. The foremost statesmen OF
these nine powers We're named as
delegates and on November l. the mo-
m%entnus conference opened with i'm
posing ceremony. Almost Immediate
ly Secretary Hughes put forward
Americas plan for reduction and
limitation of naval armament, includ-
Ing II naval holiday for ten years. the
scrapping of all shipbullding pro-
grams. destruction Of vessels to a cer-
tain point and the maintenance Of
the navies Of America, Great Britain
and japan on n 5-5-3 basis. The plan
u.rf. avn, Ilx, ox.rnptnJ Nv, tl,a NolnuntnS
Of those nations on December Ii. and
to the agreement were added clauses
for the preservation of the status quo
OF naval bnses and fortIficatiun In the
western Pacific.
or almost equal Importance was the
fOur-power pact accepted by the con-
ference OH December 10. This was
cast In the form Of Il treaty by which
the. United States. Great Britain.
France ami Japan agreed to maintain
peace In the Pacific. the Anglo-Jap-
anese treaty being a~brosated.
China offered some very difficult
problems to the conference and all the
demands Of her delegates were not
satisfied. The cOnferees. however, did
ltt tnto uh ~ !" -
mnny Of the foreign restrictions on
China and to respect the territorial
and administrative integrity of the
oriental republic and preserve the open
door for trade and industry Of all a
lions. Direct negotiations between the
Chinese and Japanese delegates re-
suited in Japan's agreeing to restore
Shnntunu prnviucQ tO China uDOn re-
ceiving payment for the railway.
1t was evident from the first that
the conference could not do much in
the matter Of limitation Of land arma-
ments so long as the situation In CEN
trail Europe remained so unsettled.
Premier BRAND was present to give
voice to Frances needs OF protection
and fears OF aggression by Germany
and possibly by Russia. His eloquent
speech so fur convinced the confer
ence that the other powers gave as
surance that France would never be
left In the moral isolation" which she
feared.
President Harding has chung to his
Idea that an association of nations can
be formed which would do what the
League Of Nations cannot do. and on
November % he put forward the sug-
gestion Of n continuing series Of o
f~erences like that In Washington.
which presumably might result In the
formation Of the association. The
idea was received with favor every
where, except that the French de-
mrrrod at The nrOnoSpd Inclusion of