davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
RAPS CHILD LABOR.

Closely related to this problem
Of education In the abolition Of
child labor. Twice Congress has
attempted the correction Of the
evils incident to child employment.
The decision Of the Supreme Court
has put this problem outside the
proper domain of Federal regula-
ton until the Constitution 10 %
amended as TO give the Congress
indubitable authority. recon-
mend the submission Of such an
amendment.
We have two schools Of thought
relating to amendment OF the Con-
stitution. One need not be COM
mitted to the belief that amend
ment In weakening the fundamen-
tai law, or that excessive amend
ephemeral whim. We ought to
amend to meet the demands Of the
people when sanctioned by delib-
crate public opinion.
One year ago I suggested the
submission Of an amendment 30
that we may lawfully restrict the
issues OF tAx-exempt securities, ana
! renew that recommendation now.
Tax-exempt securities are drying
up the sources Of Federal taxation
and they are encouraging unpro-
ductive and extravasant expendi-
lures by States and municipalities.
There is more than the menace in
mounting public debt. there IL the
dissipation of capital which should
be made available to the needs Of
productive industry. The proposed
amendment will. place the State
and Federal governments and all
political subdivisions on an exact
equality. and will correct the grow
ing menace OF public borrowing.
which II left unchecked may soon
threaten the stability Of our IN
stitutfons.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
PLEADS FOR LABOR.

The intent Of Congress to estab-
hsh a tribunal to which railway
labor and managers may appeal re.
specting questions of wages and
working conditions cannot be too
strongly commended. 1t is vitality
important that some such agency
should be a guaranty against sus-
pended operation. The public
must be spared even the threat
OF discontinued service.
Sponsoring the railroads as we
do. 1t Is an obligation that labor
shall be assured the highest JUS
tice and every proper considera.
tion Of wage and working condi-
tions. but It IL an equal obligation
to see that no concerted action in
forcing demands shall deprive the
public Of the transportation serv-
Ice essential to its very existence.
1t is now impossible to safeguard
public interest. because the decrees
OF the board are unenforceable
against either employer or en-
ploye.
= The Labor Board itself is not 30
constituted as best to serve the
public interest. With six partisan
members on q board Of nine, three
partisans nominated by the en-
ployes and three by the railway
managers. It Is inevitable that the
partisan viewpoint is maintained
Throughout hearings and in de-
cisions handed down. Indeed, the
few exceptions to a strictly partt-
san expression in decisions thus
far rendered have been followed
by accusations or betrayal Of the
partisan interests represented.
Only the public group Of three is
free to function In unbiased de-
cisions. Therefore the partisan
membership may well be abolished,
and decisions should be made by
an impartial tribunal.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
FOREIGN POLICY.

Let no one assume that our
provision for maintained good
fortune at home. and our un-
willingness to assume the correc-
ton of all the ills of the world.
means a reluctance to cooperate
with other peoples or to assume
every Just obligation to promote
human advancement anywhere In
the world.
War made us q creditor nation.
We did not seek an excess DOS
session Of the worlds gold, and
we have neither desire to profit
unduly by Its possession nor per
manently retain It. We do not
seek to become an international
dictator because Of its power.
The voice Of the United States
has a respectful hearing in in
ternational councils, because we
have convinced the world that
we have no selfish ends to
serve, no old grievances to
avenge. no territorial or other
greed to satisfy. But the voice
being heard is that of good coun.
sci. not Of dictation. II is the
voice OF sympathy and fraternity
and heiprulness, seeking to as
sist put not assume for the
United States burdens which ma.
tons must bear for themselves.
We would rejoice to help re-
habilitate currency systems and
facilitate all commerce which does
not drag us to the very levels of
those we seek to lift up.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Member Of the congress:

Members Of the Congress:
80 many problems are calling
for solution that, q recital Of all
Of them. In the face Of the known
limitation OF O short session Of
Congress, would seem to lack sim
certty Of purpose. 1t II four
years since the world war ended,
but the inevitable readjustment of
the social and economic order Ia
not more than barely begun
There IL no acceptance Of pre-war
conditions anywhere in the world.
In O very general way humanity
harbors individual wishes to 60
on with wartime compensations
for production. with pre-war re-
Quirements In expenditure. In
short, everyone. speaking broadly
Graves readjustment for every
body except himself. while there
can be no just and permanent
readjustment except when all par
ticipate.
The civilization which measured
fits strength of genius and the
power Of science and the re-
sources of Industries. In addition
to testing the limits Of man
power and the endurance and
heroism of men and women
that same civilization 10 brought
to its severest test In restoring Q
tranquil order and committing
humanity to the stable ways Of
peace.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

because of his prodiQi GxDsn1k
turs and his emotion q sGrv1oA
but Government might wu1l ssrvs
70 point the way Of narrowfng tAs
spread Of prfca, especially b.
tween the production of food ana
tts oonsumptton.
a euperpower survey of The
Eastern Industrial region has rs-
Gently been compIscsd. looking 20
unfficAtion Of steam, water, and
electric powers. and 70 q unffisd
schsme Of power distrfbuticu- The
survey proved that vast econc-
mics In tonnage movement OF
freights. and In the efficisncy OF
the railroads, would Be effected n
the superpower program were
adopted am convinced that
Constructive measures calculated
TO promote such IN Industrial de-
velopment-I am tsmptsd 20 say.
such an Industrial revolution
would be well worthy the carxfui
attention and fostering interest OF
the National Government
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
NAVY TREATY.

Whether all nations signatory
ratify all the treaties growing out
of the Washington Conference on
Limitation OF Armament or some
withhold approval. the underlying
policy Of limiting naval armament
has the sanction OF the larger
naval powers. and naval competi-
ton IL suspended. OF course,
unanimous ratification Ia much to
be desired.
The four-power pact. which
ebolishes every probability OF war
on the Pacific, has brought new
confidence In q maintained peace.
and / can well believe Il might
be made a model for like sssur-
ances wherever in the world any
common interests are concerned.
We have had expressed the hos
ttlity OF the American people TO q
supergovernment or to any COM
mitmsnt where either a council or
an assembly Of leagued powers
may chart our course. Treaties
Of armed alliance can have no
likelihood Of American sanction,
but We believe In respecting the
rights OF nations. in the value of
conference and consultation, IN the
effectiveness OF leaders Of nations
looking each other In the face be-
fore resorting to the arbitrament
OF arms.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
NATIONAL DEFENSE.

The proposed survey of . plan
20 draft an the resources d. the
Republic, human and msteriai, Cor
national defsnse may well have
your approval. I oommendsd
such Q program IN cass Of future
war. In the inaugural addrsss Of
March 4. 1921. and every expsr1-
encs In the adjustment and nqui-
dation Of war claims and the set
tlement OF war obligations per-
suades me We ought 20 be pre-
pared for such universal call 70
armed defense.
bring you no apprehension OF
war. The world is abhorrent Of
It, and our own relations are not
only free from every threatening
cloud, but we have contributed
our larger influence toward
making armed conflict less likely.
Those who assme that we played
our part In the world war and
later took ourselves aloof and
apart. unmindful Of world obi
cations. give scant credit 70 the
helpful part we assume in inter
national relationships.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
LIVE IN MOTOR AGE.

Manifestly, we have need to be-
gin on plans to coordinate all
transportation facilities. We
should more effectively connect up
our rail lines with our carriers by
sea. We ought to reap some
benefit from the hundreds Of MIL
lions expended on inland water
ways. proving our capacity to
utilize as well as expend. We
ought to turn the motor truck
into a railway feeder and dis
trfbutor instead of q destroying
competitor.
1t would be folly to ignore that
we live in a motor age. The motor
car reflects our standard Of living
and gauges the speed Of our pres
ent-day life. 1t long ago ran down
Simple Living, and never halted
TO inquire about the PROSTATE fig
ure which fell as its victim. With
full recognition Of motor car
transportation We must turn It to
the most practical use. It cannot
supersede tho railway lines. no
matter how generously we afford
It highways out of the public
treasury. II freight traffic by
motor were charged with its
proper and proportionate share of
highway construction, we should
fine much of It wasteful and more
costly than like service by rail.
Yet we have paralleled the rail-
ways, a most natural line of con-
struction. and thereby taken away
from the agency expected service
much of its profitable traffic,
which the taxpayers have been
providing the highways, whose
cost Of maintenance Is not yet
realized.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

is need to magnify the American
viewpoint TO the alien who seeks
a citizenship among us. There is
need to magnify the national
viewpoint to Americans through
out the land. More, there Is q
demand for every living being IN
the United States to respect and
abide by the laws of the Republic.
Let men who are rending the
moral fiber of the republic
through easy contempt for the
prohibition law. because they
think II restricts their personal
liberty, remember that they set
the example and breed a con.
tempt for law which will ulti-
mately destroy the Republic.
Constitutional prohibition has
been adopted by the nation. 1t
is the supreme law OF the land.
In plain speaking. there are con-
ditions relating to its enforce
ment which SAVIOR of nationwide
scandal. 1t is the most demoral-
izing factor in our public life.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

prssstng problems sFoving out Of
drlstjo deflatiou Of three years
aGo, but permanent and deserved
Agricultural good nprtune depends
ON hstter and cheaper transpor.
tation.
Here 10 an outstanding prob
lem.. demanding the most rigorous
consideration Of the Congress and
the country. It has to do with
more than agriculture. It pro-
vides the channel for the flow Of
the country's commerce. But the
farmer IL particularly hard hit
His market. 20 affected by the
world consumption. does not ad-
NIT Of the price adjustment to
meet carrying charges. In the last
half Of the year now closing the
railways. broken in carrying ca
pacity because Of motive power
and rolling stock out of order,
though insistently declaring to
the contrary. embargoed his ship
ments or denied him cars when
fortunate markets were calling.
Too frequently transportation
failed while perishable products
were turning from possible profit
to losses counted In tens Of
millions.
know Of no problem exceed
ing in Importance 10 this one of
transportation. In our complex and
intsrdapendent modern life trans
portation 70 essential to our very
existence. Let US pass for the
moment the menace In the DOS
sible paralysis Of such service as
We have and note the failure, for
whatever reason. to expand our
transportation to meet the ma
ton's needs.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
DUTIES OF LABOR.

Public interest demands that
ample power shall be conferred
upon the labor tribunal, whether
1t Is the present board or the
suggested substitute, to require
Its rulings to be accepted by both
parties to a disputed question.
Let there be, no confusion about
the purpose Of the suggested con-
ferment of power to make de-
cisions effective. There can be
no denial of constitutional rights
Of either railway workmen or
railway managers. No man can
be denied his right to labor when
and how he chooses, or cease to
labor when he so elects. but,
since the Government assumes to
safeguard his interests while en-
ployed in an essential public serv-
Ice. the security Of society itself
demands his retirement from the
service shall not be SO timed and
related as to effect the destruc-
ton Of that service. This vitality
essential public transportation
service. demanding 30 much Of
brain and Drawn, so much for
efficiency and security, ought to
offer the most attractive working
conditions and the highest Of
wages paid to workmen in any
employment.
In essentially every branch,
from track repairer to the man
at the locomotive throttle, the
railroad worker Is responsible for
the safety Of human lives and
the care of vast property. His
high responsibility might well
rate high his pay within the
limits the traffic will bear; but
the same responsibility. plus Gov
ernmental protection. may justly
deny him and his associates a
withdrawal from service without
a warning or under circumstances
which involve the paralysis
of necessary transportation. We
have assumed so great a RESPONSE
bility in necessary regulation that
we unconsciously have assumed
the responsibility for maintained
service; therefore. the lawful
power for the enforcement of de-
cisions is oecessary to sustain
the majesty Of government and
to administer to the public well
fare.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
u. s. FORTUNATE.

Doubtless our own people have
emerged from the world war
tumult less impaired than most
belligerent powers: probably We
have made larger progress toward
reconstruction. Surely we have
been fortunate in diminishing un-
employment. and our Industrial
and business activities. which are
the lifeblood of our material ex-
istence, have been restored as in
no other reconstruction period of
like length in the history of the
world. Had we escaped the coal
and railway strikes, which had
no excuse for their beginning and
less justification for their de-
layed settlement. we should have
done infinitely better. But labor
was insistent on holding to the
war heights, and needless forces
Of reaction sought the pre-war
levels. and both were wrong. In
the folly of conflict our progress
was hindered. and the heavy cost
has not yet been fully estimated.
There can be neither adjustment
to readtust in which all do not
somehow participate.
The railway strike accentuated
the difficulty OF the American
farmer. The first distress Of re-
adjustment came to the farmer,
and 1t will not be readjustment
fit to abide until he is relieved.
The distress brought to the
farmer does hot affect him alone.
Agricultural i'll fortune is a ma
tional i'll fortune. That one
fourth Of our population which
produces the food of the Repub-
Ec and adds 50 largely to our ex-
port commerce must participate
In the good fortunes of the ma
ton. else there is none worth
retaining.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
RESULTS OF PACTS.

II has been our fortune both
to preach and promote interna-
tional understanding. The influ-
ence Of the United States in
bringing near the settlement Of
an ancient dispute between South
American nations is added proof
OF the glow Of peace in ample
understanding. In Washington
today are met the delegates of
the Central American nations, gath
cred at the table OF international
understanding. to stabilize their
republics and remove every wee
tige Of disagreement. They are
met here by our invitation, not
In our aloofness. and they ACCEPT
our hospitality because they have
faith In our unselfishness and
believe In our helpfulness. Per
haps we are selfish in craving
their confidence and friendship,
but such q selfishness we pro
claim to the world, regardless of
hemisphere. or seas dividing.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
AGRICULTURAL AID.

Agriculture Is a vital activity
IN our national life. In II we
had our beginning, and .ts west
ward march with the star OF the
empire has reflected the growth
Of the Republic. 1t has its yicis-
situdes which no legislation will
prevent. It's hardships for which
no law can provide escape. But
the Congress can make available
10 the farmer the financial facili-
lies which have been built up un-
der Government aid and super
vision Tor other commercial and
industrial enterprises. 1t may
be done on the same solid funda-
mentals and make the vitality i'm
portant agricultural industry
more secure, and It must be done.
This Congress already has taken
cogniance OF the misfortune
which precipitate deflation brought
TO American agriculture. Your
measures Of relief and the reduc-
ton Of the Federal reserve dis
count rate undoubtedly saved the
country from widespread disaster.
The very proof of helpfulness al
ready given is the strongest argu-
ment Tor the permanent establish
ment Of widened credits, hereto
fore temporarily extended through
the War Finance Corporation.
The Farm Loan Bureau, which
alre -dy has proven its useful
ness through the Federal land
banks, may well have its powers
enlarged to provide ample farm
production credits as well as en-
larsed land credits. 1t is entirely
practical to create a division in
the Federal land banks to deal
with production credits, with the
limitations of time so adjusted to
the farm turnover as the Federal
reserve system provides for the
turnover In the manufacturing
and mercantile world. Special pro-
vision must be made for live
stock production credits. and the
limit Of land loans may be safely
enlarged Various measures are
pending before you, and the best
Judgment of Congress ought to
be expressed in a prompt enact
ment at the present session.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
RAILWAY NEEDS.

The census of 1880 recorded q
population Of $4,000, 900. In two
decades more we may reasonably
expect to count thrice that num-
Der. In the three decades end
ing In 1920 the country's freight
by rail increased from 631 .000, 900
tons to 2.234. 900. 900 tons; that IL
to say. while our population was
increasing less than 70 per cent,
the freight movement Increased
over $50 per cent.
We have built 40 per cent Of
the worlds railroad mileage and
yet find It inadequate to our
present requirements. When we
contemplate the inadequacy of
today 1t is easy to believe that
the next few decades will wit
ness the paralysis of our trans
portation-using social scheme or
a complete reorganization on
some new basis. Mindful Of the
tremendous costs of betterments,
extensions, and expansions, and
mindful Of the staggering debts
of the world today, the difficulty
is magnified. Here is a problem
demanding wide vision and the
avoidance of mere makeshifts.
No matter what the errors of the
past. no matter how we &C.
claimed construction and then
condemned operations in the past.
We have the transportation and
the honest investment in the
transportation which sped US on
to what we are, and we face con-
ditions which reflect its made
quacy today. its greater made
quacy tomorrow, and we contem-
plate transportation costs which
much of the traffic can not and
will not continue to nay.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

Il w1l fAcilitats the nssdsl Amsr.
canixtug OF those who mean 70
enroll - fellow -citissns.
Before enlarging the tmmi-
gfation quotas We had better pro-
vide registration for aliens. those
now here or continually pressing
for Admission. and establish our
examination boards abroad. to
make sure Of dssirables only. BY
the examination abroad We could
end the pathos at our posts, when
men and women nnd our doors
closed, AFTER long 'voyages and
wasted savings, becsuss they are
unit for admission. Il would b
kind1ier and sAfer 70 ten thsm
before they embark.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
OTHER PROBLEMS.

We are 90 vast and % varied
in our national interests that
scores Of problems are pressing
for attention. / must not risk the
wearying OF your patience with
detailed reference.
Reclamation and irrigation pro-
made available for settlement
and productivity. are worthy Of
your favorable consideration.
When 1t is realised that we are
consuming our timber four times
as rapidly as we are growing #.
we must encourage the greatest
possible cooperation between the
Federal Government. the various
States, and the owners of forest
lands, to the end that protection
from fires shall be made moro
effective and replanting encour-
aged.
The fuel problem is under study
now by a very capable fact-find-
ing commission. and any attempt
TO deal with the coal problem. Of
such deep concern to the entire
nation must await the report OF
the commission.
There are necessary studies Of
great problems which Congress
might well initiate. The wide
spread between production costs
and prices which consumers pay
concerns every citizen OF the Re-
public. II contributes very large
ly to the unrest in agriculture
and must stand sponsor for much
against which we inveigh In that
familiar term-the high cost Of
living.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
LOWER RATES VITAL.

The Federal Government has q
right to inquire into the wisdom
of this policy, because the National
Treasury is contributing largely
to this highway construction.
Costly highways ought to be made
to serve as feeders rather than
competitors Of the railroads, and
the motor truck should become a
coordinate factor in our great dis
tributing system.
This transportation problem can
not be waived aside. The demand
for lowered costs on farm products
and basic materials can not be tg-
nored. Rates horizontally in
creased. to meet increased wage
outlays during the war initiation,
are not easily reduced. When
some very moderate wage reduc-
tions were effected last summer
there was a per cent horizontal
reduction in rates. I sought at
that time. in a very informal way,
to have the railway managers go
before the Interstate Commerce
Commission and agree to a heavier
reduction on farm products and
coal and other basic commodities,
and leave unchanged the freight
tariffs which q very large portion
OF the traffic was able to bear.
Neither the managers nor the
commission saw fit to adopt the
suggestion. so we had the horizon
tai reduction too slight to be felt
by the higher class cargoes and too
little to benefit the heavy tonnage
calling most loudly for relief.
Railways are not to be expected
to render the most essential serv.
Ice In our social organization
without a fair return on capital
invested, but the Government ha,
gone so far in the regulation of
rates and rules Of operation that
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
MORE MEMBERS.

1t need not be surprising that
there is dissatisfaction over de.
layed hearings and decisions by
the present board when every
trivial dispute is carried to that
tribunal. The law should require
the railroads and their employees
to institute means and methods to
negotiate between themselves their
constantly arising differences,
limiting appeals to the Govern.
ment tribunal to disputes of such
character as are likely to affect
the public welfare.
This suggested substitution will
involve a necessary increase in
the membership Of the commits
sion. probably four. to constitute
the labor division. II the sug.
gestion appeals to the Congress, it
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
BLAMES CONSUMER.

No one doubts the excess Is
traceable to the levy Of the mid
dieman. but Il would be unfair to
charge him with all responsibility
before we apprsiee what 10 ex-
acted Of him by our modernly
complex life. We have attached
the problem on one side by the
promotion Of cooperative market.
ing. and we might well inquire
into the benefits OF cooperative
buying. Admittedly. the con-
sumsr n much TO blame himself.