davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
INTERNATIONAL RADIO
SHOW TO BE HELD HER e

Another big radio show. the first In
ternational Radio Exposition. is being
organized by a committee of the Amer
lean Radio Exposition Company, just
Incorporated under the laws Of Della
ware. The show will be held at a date
to be announced later in the Grand
Central Palace. Lexington avenue and
Forty-sixth street.
The purpose will be to depict the
marvellous growth Of radio here and
abroad and to demonstrate that Il Is
not n passing fad but a permanent In
dustry. with infinite possibilities be-
yond It's present development
Leading radio manufacturers In the
United States and Europe have been
asked to participate. It Is expected
that every known make Of instrument
will be exhibited. Amateurs are invited
to prepare exhibits. The committee an
nounces II will welcome anw sugges-
tions that will help to make the ex-
position the biggest event In radio his
tory. The management Is busy with
plans for hllotmcnt OF space. arranging
of of,decorations, and getting ready for the
installation of big broadcasting station
on the roof Of the palace.
George Brokaw Compton OF 120
Broadway Is secretary OF the COM
mittee.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04

When Secretary Hoover was unable to
appear at Atlantic City last week to
make the principal address to 5000
members OF the National Electric Light
Association at their annual convention
the engineers of the American Telephone
and Telegraph Company and the West
ern Electric Company solved the diff
Guilty by an adaptation ri the loud
speaking telephone. Through the installa-
tion of special input apparatus at Wash
ington and loud speaking, receivers at
Atlantic City and the cooperation of the
long lines department OF the Bell Sys-
tenn. Mr.. Hoover was able to remain at
his Office and yet talk disectly to every
one In the convention hall without the
slightest difficulty.
Similar means were used to convey
to the gathering the messages of r. II.
Ballard president OF the Southern Cali
forna Edison Company. and w. A.
Britton, president of the Pacific Gas
and Electric Company. both former ex-
ecutives of the National Electric Light
Association. To give those at Atlantic
City some notion Of the novelty and
magnitude of the feat a roll call was
taken over the wire OF the telephone
operating men at the principal cities all
the way across the continent.
In the picture fair idea is conveyed
OF the intricate mechanism required for
the magnihcation at the Convention
The New York herald., 1922-06-04

various explanations have been pro-
posed. but it is definitely known that it
acts, in effect, as a rectifier. Some
crystals are more sensitive than others
because they are better rectifers.
All crystals will work much better II
they are mounted in a soft metal alloy.
in order to get as much contact with
them as possible. If the mineral Is
held in any other way, such as by set
screws. or in fuse clip. this makes in
effect another metal point. working op-
and then current, cannot flow through
the detector In either direction.
Improved by Another Condenser.
The connections shown In Fig. I are
subject to Improvement by the addition
Of another condenser (see Fig. 2) which
Is called the telephone condenser, or
sometimes the stopping condenser.
This should always be used. 1t need
not be a variable condenser, as its size
is not very critical. 1t Is used because
1t has the effect Of accommodating and
magnifying the rapid high frequency
pulses OF current which come through
the detector into less frequent but
larger pulses through the telephone re-
ceivers.
only one Item OF the crystal uetector
set remains. the telephone receivers.
The ordinary wire telephone receiver.
such as used in desk sets, is not well
suited to this use. because It's windings
are not adapted to work efficiently In
this sort of circuit. Special windings,
known as high resistance windings. are
necessary for good results. and so mos.
radio receiving head sets are Of this
type.
In summary, the crystal detector set
Is ideal where simplicity OF apparatus
is desired. and where the distance to be
worked is not too great. The distance
which crystal detector receiver will
cover Is Of course dependent upon the
power of the transmitting station. The
phone stations can be heard on a crystal
detector receiver at a distance of us
ually not over fifty miles. For greater
distances than this the more sensitive
vacuum tube detector must be used.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
GOOD RESULTS DEPEND UPON
EFFICIENCY OF DETECTOR
Expert Explains Conversion Into Direct Currents for
Operation of Telephone Receivers Connections
With Antenn@ Are Made in Two Ways.

Many of the crystals operate better
with a battery so connected. but this or
course adds to the complication OF the
apparatus and loses some OF the great
advantage of crystal detectors. their
extreme simplicity. In between these
two, galena and carborundum, there are
all degrees OF sensitiveness and stabil-
ity and II is usually best to select
crystal which combines a fair share Of
both sensitiveness and stability. Silicon
with a brass point Is such combina-
ton.
Work Well with Battery.
Now to explain how the crystal de-
tector works. Refer to Fig. 1. The ac-
ton of all of the crystal combinations
described is merely that of a rectifier.
that is, current can flow through the de-
tector in one direction only, so that when
alternating current. which flows In two
directions alternately. is applied to It,,
the current flow in one direction gets
through the detector and the flow in the
other direction does not. This. In effect.
changes the alternating current to direct
current.
or course, this direct current Is pull
sating one, because no current Is flow
ing during the time that the alternating
current is applied in the wrong direction
to get through, but the effect is sthe
same. This pulsating direct current
flows through the telephones as well as
the detector. since they are connected in
series. and this operates the telephones.
Current Varies I'm strength.
In radio telephony, the alternating
current which is received in the tuning
elements, is varying rapidly up and
down in strength just as the ,transmitter
currents vary in accordance with the
speech or music sound vibrations. And
the pulsating direct current which re-
suits through the detector and tele-
phones varies the same way. and there
fore the telephone receiver diaphragms
are. pulled back and forth by the mag
netic effects of the currents In their
windings, and so give off sound waves.
y 1t is not known just how or why the
crystal detector works as 1t does, and
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
FLYER RADIOS
FROM PLANE IN TEXAS

The latest stunt in radio was demon
strsted recently by air service officers
at Kelly Field. Texas.
Lieut.. Garfield. communications off,
Ger for the second bombardment group.
sent radio truck to position In front
OF the Alamo at San Antonio. The men
on board rigged up an antenna and
connected It with an amplifying radio
set and loud speaker. A plane.
equipped with transmitting set,
roared by. several thousand fet in the
air and the listening crowd heard the
voice of the pilot high above the growi
the motor.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
Indirect Connection.

The other way OF connecting the de-
tector to the antenna Is not direct
one. In this method the antenna circuit
inductor Is made to one winding OF
transformer whose other winding. called
the secondary, is connected to con-
denser This transformer is often
called coupler, loose coupler or vario-
coupler. 1t is a coupler In the sense
that it couples together electrically the
antenna circuit and the secondary
circuit.
THE secondary coil has currents in
duced in 1t by currents flowing In the
primary coil when the two are placed
near each other. In the usual radio
coupler the secondary coil is made
movable with respect to the primary
so that the effect Of the primary on 1t
can be regulated.
In either the one or two circuit re-
ceiver the detector Is connected to an
inductor. The difference Is mercy that
in one it Is to the inductor in the
antenna and in the other to the one In
the secondary. So that whenever cur
rents flow in the inductor the voltage
which is present across 1t Is applied to
the detector.
The simplest way of connecting the
detector and telephone receivers to the
inductor is shown in figure 1. This
does not work so well as figure A. but
will serve to explain the operation Of
the crystal detector.
Many Kinds of CrystaI Detectors.
There are a large number of kinds
of crystal detectors. They all consist
of a small piece of some one of various
minerals upon which rests with light
pressure a sharp metal point or small
piece of some other mineral. Some OF
the minerals which may be used are :
Carborundum, silicon. galena. telluriur.
molybdenum. pyrites. zincite. cerusite.
&C.
All these have different character
istics of operation. some being more
sensitive than others; that is. they will
make louder sounds in the telephones.
In fact, some crystals will give good
signals on currents which on other
crystals give no audible sound at all.
Unfortunately, different crystals of the
same material differ widely In sensi-
tiveness. and many work only at a few
spots on their services. Therefore. the
sensitive spots on any crystal have tc be
found by trial. and when found do not
remain In the sensitive condition In
definitely, but frequently require re-
adjustment.
Galena, with a fine copper or steel
wire point resting very lightly upon It,.
Is the most sensitive detector. but is also
very unstable. Strong signals, or slight
mechanical vibrations. easily destroy its
adjustment and It has to be readjusted
very frequently. Carborundum with a
steel needle point resting upon 1t, is one
of the most stable crystal detectors. but
is not very sensitive. unless battery of
the right voltage Is connected across IT.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
Easy Adjustments Provided.

Special coupling resistance units have
been devised to make this possible and
to make possible the easy adjustment
observation and replacement of all parts
of the system. The power tube fila
ments are operated on so cycles a. c..
provision being made to reduce the re-
sultant hum to a minimum and to in
crease the tube life through the use OF
alternating current. The amplifier fila
ments. however. are supplied by means
of storage batteries.
Controls are provided for change In
wave length and the changes In coup-
ling on the generating apparatus. for
the control of the supply voltage, the
filament voltage. and for the instantan-
eous disconnection of the entire equip
mcnt from the supplies through the me-
dunn of a quick throw switch. Plugs
and jacks are used for the voice control
circuits. Meters are supplied for the
measurement of the antenna current
supply and voltage. The meters on cur
rents to the several tubes both plate
current and grid current, are so mount
cd on the set as to be under constant
observation OF the operator. All parts
~ .,cripietely exposed for examination.
and the operating conditions can be
noted at a glance.
For the various types OF reproduction,
several types OF microphones are used
For ordinary announcements. the COM
men carbon microphone is used. while
for special types of transmission. mag
netic microphone is used In connection
with considerable additional voice fire.
quency amplfication. A small and sim
pie receiving set Is mounted near the
transmitter, and the operator at all
times listens to his own transmission.
4 test OF this set indicates that the
over all efficiency between the direct cur
rent generator and the antenna Is APP
proximately as per cent. Reports have
shown perfectly reliable daylight COM
munication over range or approxi-
mately $50 miles when two steps Of am
plification have been used with the re-
ceiver. Daylight communication over a
range Of thirty miles with a single cir
cult crystal detector set Is found to be
dependable.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
RADIO ron CALVARY HOUSE.

Patients In the House of Calvary.
Featherbed lane. The Bronx. suffering
from incurable diseases will soon be
able TO enjoy concerts and educational
features az the result OF the vote Of
san Salvador Council. knights OF CO.
lumbus. to install a radio phone outfit
In the hospital.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
RADIO SHOW AT CoNEY.
Has "TroubIe Counter" for Queries
by Amateurs.

The latest radio show OF the many
that have bobbed up this year belongs
TO Coney Island. which Is just bestir-
ring itself after a sleepy winter and
burgeoping forth with new attractions.
Tho new exposition. which will con-
tinue until September. Is billed as
Greater New York's Greatest Wireless
Exhibition" II Is on Surf avenue at
West Eighth street. One OF the features
IL "trouble counter where amateurs
may perplex experts with their prob
lens.
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
By A. F. VAN DYCK,

Radio Engineer, General Electric 90.
Preceding articles have described the
process of tuning receiving apparatus
to make the desired received currents
as large as possible, and undesired cur
rents a minimum. The next step is
to apply these currents to a device that
will convert them TO direct currents,
which are necessary TO operate tele-
phone receivers. This device is called
the detector.
There are several kinds of detectors
known at present, but only two are
in common use, one, the so-called
crystal detector. and the other the
vacuum tube detector
Besides the use of an inductor-wire
wound into some form of coil--for tun-
ing, the inductor is used to connect the
detector to. There are two ways Of
doing this in common use to-day. In
the Single circuit" connection the de-
tector apparatus Is connected directly
The New York herald., 1922-06-04
Secondary

to the terminals of the inductor. Some
times better results are obtained by con.
Meeting the detector across part of the
coil instead of across all of 1t. The
best fraction of the whole coil to use
is from one-third to one-half of the
coil.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04

city OF Nerdun. The communists
claimed satirically that PoiRcare.
standing over the grave Of an un-
known soldier. was griuning sar-
donically
When the affair of the postal
card was mentioned i'm the cham
Der POinCare jumped to his feet
You Have IusuIted I. So
you have insulted not only me
but the representative Of the Unit
ed States government" he shouted.
Down with calumniators, Anyone
can see that Mr.. Herrick and l are
not smiling i'm the picture We are
squirting TO avoid the rays of the
sun"
The premier then demanded an
official Interpolation or the sub
iect of the responsibility for the
war. This Interpolation gave Rene
Viviani. who was premier during
the Poincare presidency opTor-
tunity to defend his colleague i'm a
fiery speech i'm which he recalled
the events of 1914 and sought to
establish the mobilization Of Ger
many as the true starting point of
hOstilities.
At the conclusion OF the speech
Poincare rushed 10 NIviani and,
throwing his arms about him,
kissed him violently on both
cheeks.
The chamber cheered itself
hoarse.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04


pressure from the executives. the big
railroad br5therhoods and perhaps
other sections Of organized labor
VIII call a sympathetic strike. par
a.yzing the entire country
Color was given this latter view
by a labor Official high in the coun-
ellis or the American Federation Of
Labor who stated with earnest en-
phasis
The shop crafts VIII not lose
their fight, YOU can make up your
mind TO that. Right now there are
things i'm the air that would raiss
the hair right on your head if YOU
knew about them"
The federal government one high
Official said. IS now at the point
where il lacks powers 10 force an
ending Of the strike. unless il re-
sorts 10 the extreme step Of Selling
the mines and railroads. move
that is contemplated only as a last
resort.
The president today had before
him the rejection of his plan for
settling the rail strike by the execu-
tives and its acceptance by the
striking shopmen.
He is expected TO make a reply
70 both which will be in the nature
of an open letter TO the country
fixing the responsibility for the con-
tinued menacing situation.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04
hooks OVER GLOBE
GET RADIO NEWS
Potent Agencies of Civiliza-
ton Are Strengthened by
Newest Fad, Expert Says.
by EDWARD ). NALLY
President Radio Corp. of America
lMriftcn for the L. n y. ScrNicc)

\
President Radio Corp. of America
written for the 1. y. =. Scrvicc)
NEW YORK, Aug. 1.-THE future
of radio biography is assured. It
already has a healthy and well de-
fined field. The future of the radio
phone broadcasting. however. is an
other matter and in this we can
speculate with only limitation of the
Imagination.
Contrary 10 popular understand
ing. radio has not come TO MS sud-
denly. II has ben under develop
ment continuously during the last
tW twenty-five years. Commercial ra-
dio communication is. over
seas. radio telegraphy has REACHED
a high state OF development and has
found its place I'm fact. radio now
is carrying a large part of the tele-
graph traffic between the United
States and Japan. The total volume
is constantly increasing
As to radio telephony III has been
under development during the past
fifteen years. and during the World
War was successfully used for both
one-way ana two-way communica-
ton II is not communication I'm a
two-way sense Radio broadcastns
is the application Of fairly we'll
developed science TO new use.
Broadcasting IS the recent develops
ment. not radio.
We ma visualize the future ra-
die as developing i'm quantity and
quality. perhaps, as news distribu-
tion has grown since Frankun's
time and as organized entertain
ment has grown i'm popular favor
since the days of Tony Pastors
theater Badlophone broadcastins
gives IA a new facility 10y means Of
which these potent agencies OF
civilization may be strengthened
and made more popular and univer-
SAL
Isolation Has New Meaning
BrOadCaStiug already has given
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04

tbe condition NJ isolation new
.r,,aa,fnq rsols,io, ro,t r. - evis+s
.r,fst ba lesired condition NJ
man no fan,fI,. 20 natter ,.ro-o y,
rarad ,-aoers-,hios1r,- v,.f.b ~ae,srd ~
,stI~oa7s ~ ,-ira +o1oc,ra,,bs go
bo ho,ord tbo ,..n,o of 5.'fl,. lie
- h,.oadoar.o5 -. 80
n. l. df#o,,It ,l,orofo~o -. -,
-, S..---. 49,
.','''' ~ any .,,,,'l--.7 .,I an
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~ ~ ,'''eu .''''o'' "a
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''' 1o,.,.,, ,a,r.o uo,a.+,.e,,. ,bo~.
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South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04
COURT INTERVIEWS.
ORDERS C4PTORS
TO ACCEPT PRICE

Continued from page one1
be permanently established may. Is
vened and awarded a claim OF $50
for Maue's board
This amount Mrs Kenny paid.
whereupcn she was allowed go lead
forth her 1922 slave on the basis
OF bought and paid for.
Instead Of picking cotton FOR her
new mistress Marie is To- have q
permanent place iu the Neuo1
household with the rank OF dausa-
ter
I'm Your new mamma honey
said Mrs Kenny as she picked mp
her human chattel and walked Gus
of the court building
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04
wALTON's VICTORY CERTAIN

OKLAHOMA CITY Aug. 3.-CBy
A. P.)--Victory by decisive plural
sity for Mayor J. q. Walton OF
oklahoma city. anti-Ku Klux Khan
and farrner-Iabor candidate I'm the
tire cornered race for the demo-
cratic nomination for governor in
Oklahoma, was assured on unofficial
returns from Tuesdays statewide
primary.
With but 200 out OF the states
2.S27 precincts still 20 be heard from.
Walton had piled up lead Of slight
~ more than - 600 votes over his
nearest opponent r. I'll. Wilson
state superintendent Of public in
struction. who received the backing
Of the Ru KIuV Khan Both OF Wal
tons opponents have conceded de-
feat
The examination OF Mayor walton.
En- the view Of newspapers and poll
.tical observers. was an erwheInu-
-ing victory from the Roman Catholic
church o. the state combined with
lthe arUsr-labor element
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04
Married " lille Drunk.
Judge Grants DirOrce

DETROIT. Aug. 3.--Serg't. Hery
recruiting office, has received an hon
orable discharge from matr.mony.
Judge Jayne granted him an uncon-
tested divorce from Pearl Brown.
Brown testified he had married Pearl
during a wild party Al El Paso i'm
1916
ct awoke one morning with a.
headache and a wife. he sud. 1--WE
lived together three months and then
she ran away I haven't seen her
since
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04

fuses except az Isr resort 20 keep
fthelr traiae runuinr
a million dollars was made avail
able FOR expenditure in the STATE
enorr TO mine coal under martial
iaw iE the CLAW county fields today
Is hen me sfsz aus nee committee au-
ahoFized a loan or mat amount
The committee gave 20 Auditor
Oliver ard Treasurer Davies per
. rn .ssion 70 borrow any amount up tc
$1,000. coo.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04
Raspberry shortcake.

Wash and pick over the raspber-
ries. then put them i'm a dish with
two and a half cupfuls of sugar. Use
three baskets of berries if they ave
small. two If very large. Let the
berries stand not more than an hour
before using. and stir them gently
several times. Make the cake "a di-
rected, and butter it well. put the
berries on the inside ana over the
top, and add cupful OF the juice 10
the sugar syrup made as already di-
rected. If desired whipped or plain
cream may be served with this short
cake.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04
KANSAS RACE UNCERrAIN

TOPEKA kan. aug. with
more than 500 precincts yer 10 be
heard from a number of statewide
coutests .n Tuesdays primary cleo
ton tonight were still close enough
20 warrant hope OF The runuer-up.
W " Morgan. candidate for rep
ublcan nomination for governor CON
.tinues 90 gain with western Kansas
counties usually the last heard from.
rally.rg strong fo his support His
plurality over W r Subbs his
nearest opponent was estimated 20
be about 5000
Returns on the democratic vote
have been scarce. comparatively The
oIE farm vote yet TO be counted and
less tran hair the precincts in the
stare heard from the farmer can
sdidate Jonathan Dayz of Bronson.
il leading with $50. Henderson
Martin az Lawrence 9.SeS COL
.Leish Hunt ot Kansas City. 26Si
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04

CHARLESTON. W. Va Aug. a.
(By A. PD-Belsted returns from
Tuesdays primary election tonight
Increased the lead OF T. s. Sen.
Howard Sutherland candidate for
the republican nomination. With
.1S7 precincts. mostly rural. TO re-
.rort. the vote was 52.615 for SUI
.therand and $1,000 for I'll. c. ogden
publisher Of Wheeling.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-08-04

>~-------------r----- --.----
is believed force from the board OF
operation of the lines an offer thar
viii be accepted hy the men and
end the strike in short order
Determined that The city should
take action 10 care for the working
public during the street car strike.
Mayor Thompson personally ordered
the busses into operation yesterday
afternoon
Plans 5000 CITY Buses.
Wen see il Nlr Blair can make
the people Of Chicago walk said
Mayor Thompson as the buses were
ordered into action "I have an
option OF 100 busses IN New York.
They can be placed into operation
within very short period I'm n
few DAYS every section of the city
may have municipality owned busses
running over its streets"