The Holly chieftain., 1922-07-06

SHas ny America also free and ndepen-
h01OnHW dent and that America set the e1-
yQQDDDS a%S's %nsn the American congress,
adopted the Declaration of Indepen-
dence 1t was not only announcement to the world
of the independence of the original thirteen
colonies. but also. prophecy Of the Forthcoming
independence Of most of the Western Hemis-
phere. So there are many Independence Days on
this side of the Atlantic.
Mexico celebrates September 49, 1t was on that
day in 1910, that Miguel Hidalgo. pastor of
Colores, rang his church bell and proclaimed In
dependence to his flock. For ten years his head
was to be seen spike corner Of the
Alhondlga de Granaditas in Guanajuato and In
dependence was not secured until 1921.
The Central American countries celebrate Sep
tember 10. Guatemala declared independence on
that date In 1921, the other countries following
Its example soon after.
In South America Venezuela deposed its royal
governor April 20. 1910. July 5. 1911, Bolivar
brought about formal declaration of independ-
government. So Venezuela observes holiday on
each Of these days.
Chile celebrates September 1s. In 1910 1t
ganzed government when Napoleon tumbed
Ferdinand VII off from the throne Of Spain.
Other South American countries celebrate In
dependence day on the following dates Argentina,
May 25; Bolivia, August g. Colombia, July 30;
July 1880; Uruguay, February %.
Brazil dates its independence from September Z,
1922 the date of the separation Of Brazil from
Portugal, though the nation did not become
republic till the revolution Of 1889. That Is why
Brazil will celebrate century Of independence
by an International exposition to be opened this
coming September.
This centennial exposition will be held In Rio
de Janeiro. 1t will open September Z, and con-
tnue until March 81. 1928. Rio de Janeiro is city
with more than Il million people. 1t is most
picturesquely situated on the Bay of Guanabara
which Is dotted with islands and surrounded by
mountains. Its odd name-River Of January
comes from the fact that January l. 1881, Martin
Alfonso sailed through the gateway dominated by
Sugar Loaf Peak into the almost land-locked bay
and thought II the mouth of a mighty
stream.
Several years ago when the authorities decided
to improve and modernize Rio de Janerio, this
plan included the condemnation and removal Of
nearly 600 small buildings in order to construct
a wide avenue known as Avenida Rio Branco 1t
extends north and south distance of about n
mile and half, and is 110 feet wide. Rows Of
Pau Brazil the species of tree from which the
republic derives its name, occupy the CENTER the
sides being used for traffic. This avenue also
serves as a connecting link between sections Of
the bay Along Avenida Rio Branco stand many
of the capitals business structures hotels, cafes,
newspaper plants, and Office buildings. At ap-
proximately the halfway point Of the Avenida the
electric street car system of Rio de Janeiro GEN.
ters f-sa.'.
Avenda Rio Branco will unite the two sections
Of the exposition grounds. The several areas
designated for exposition purposes lie along or
near the water front The site where native or
BRAZILIAN products will be exhibited is plot Of
ground having water on two sides; and from this
plaza a street extending along the water front to
the Monroe Palace. one Of the clty's most beautl.
full and commanding structures. has been desig
mated as the "Avenida do Nacaes" (Avenue of Ma
tions), along which will stand the official pavons
of foreign governments. BY far the largest area
available for exposition purposes is that lying at
the opposite end Of the Avenida Rio Branco, In
the vicinity of the new docks and warehouses,
where large exhibits, such as machinery and
locomotives find abundant space.
In general way. Brazil will endeavor to show
the world some of the vital influences that have
made the country grow and prosper. The exposl-
tion will reflect agricultural development, progress
in stock.raisng, fishing, and mining; the growth
of mechanical Industries; transportation progress
on land, rivers, and along the coast postal and
telegraph services; the work of Brazilian artists
and scientists; the development OF commerce;
and the production and conservation of foods
The United States is to be represented. Plans
for its participation have been completed by
special commission appointed by President Har-