davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

Of Europeans on the area now
known as the United States was
that of the Spanish at St. Angus
tine, Florida, in 1865, the English
at jamestown, Virginia, in 1907,
the Dutch at the mouth of the
Hudson in 1881, the Swedes on the
west bank of the Delaware in 1887,
while the French who made their
first permanent settlement in
Quebec in 1868 soon extended
their claims southwark by ex-
pioration and settlement, and by
1850 were claiming all of the area
drained by the Great Lakes and
the st. Lawrence. By 1855, "New
Sweden" had been taken over by
the Dutch; in 1864 the Dutch ter
ritory of New Netherlands" was
taken over by the English. The
French meantime had extended
their explorations down the Mis-
sissippi to its mouth and were
claiming all Of the area drained
by that river as a result of 'orig-
inal explorations" of the valley.
This claim, however, was resisted
by the English who assumed that
their colonies fronting ON the At
lantic were by their charters to
extend across the continent to the
South Sea-" a. the Pacific was
then called, and in the war be-
tween France and England over
this question the French were de-
feated and ordered to transfer
their territorial claims to Great
Britain, which they proceeded to
do, secretly, however, ceding to
Spain their claims to the western
section of the Mississippi Valley,
which, however, was subsequently
Te-ceded to France by the Spanish
Government.
It was when the English Gov
eminent found itself in full pos
cc-Sion of not only Canada but the
c.lts--e eastern half of the Missis-
ci-2i Valley that its parliament
attached to the Province Of Que
bee, for temporary government.
the area now known as Michi-
G-n, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wis
concin and a part Of Minnesota,
ard this action bv the British
Parliament proved the STRAW
that broke the camel's back"
with certain OF the colonies which
claimed that their original grants
extended 10 the Mississippi River,
ard increased their willingness to
ioi5 ~ Il movement for Indepen-
ds.n.s- tbcn ueading amorg tho
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

sequently became part of the
present states of New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and
Wyoming.
The ink on the documents which
admitted Texas ass state of the
Union was scarcely dry when there
began series of events which ex-
tended the area of the United
States from the western border of
Texas to the Pacific Ocean. A dis
pute between the United States
and the MEXICAN Government re-
garding the southern boundary Of
Texas resulted in the war between
the United States and Mexico,
which began in 1916, and in which
the Mexican area then known as
New Mexico and Upper California
was over-run and captured by
American troops, and at the close
of that war was attached to the
United States on payment Of $751;
100000 by the United States to the
Mexican Government, though this
sum was subsequently increased
by the assumption of about 49,
100000 of debts Of the Mexican
Government to citizens of the Uni
ted States. BY this absorption
of the former MEXICAN area of
New Mexico and California our
territorial area was extended to
the Pacific Cast. This great area
obtained from Mexico was sab-di-
vided into California which was in
1850 admitted as a state without
territorial probation" and the
remainder divided into the Terri
tories Of New Mexico and Utah.
Subsequently Utah was transform
ed into three Territories, Utah,
Nevada, and Colorado and they
were later admitted as states. New
Mexico was later sub-divided into
the territories Of Arizona, and
New Mexico and subsequently adj
naitted as states.
simultaneously with this extern
sion of our government over the
area lying between Texas and the
Pacifc-the Mexican cession-an
agreement had been reached be-
tween the Unhed States and Great
Britain regarding our claims TO
the Oregon Country" and in 1848,
the very year in which California
and New Mexico were acquired
from Mexico. the area lying north
of California was ests blished by
the United States Government as
the Territory of Oregon" and the
single year 1S48 thus brought us
our entire Pacific frontage. he
Oregon Country became the Z i
tory of Oregon which was E e.
quently subdivided into the .ri-
tories of Oregon and Washington
and later admitted as states, the
eastern part having been cut off
and forming the Territory of Idaho
and a part Of the Territory of
Wyoming.
In 1853 small area lying south
of the Territory Of New Mexico
was purchased from Mexico for
sum of s1n,o0O,0o0 to settle a
boundary dispute and attached
to the Territory of New Mexico,
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

United States. In the Virgin Islands
the governor is also designated by
the President of the United States
and the legislative functions are
vested in a colonial council The
governors of Guam and Samoa are
naval officers of the United States.
designated by the President for
that service, AM the Governor Of
the Panama Canal Zone is an army
officer designated for that service
by the President. The population
of the Philippine Islands is about
10,500,000, Porto Rico 100000,
Hawaii 100000, Alaska $4,000, the
Virgin Islands 10000, the Pan
anna Canal Zone $4,000.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

was transformed into the State of
of Georgia, coded to the Common
Union in 1903 became the Terri
tory of Mississippi and later the
Territories of Mississippi and Ala
bama until they were finally adj
mitted as States of the Union in
1877 and 1919. The Transformation
of the western front Of Virginia
into the new state of West Vir-
ginia in 1923 was an incident of
the Civil War.
The louisiana Purchase.
Meantime had come the first
great addition to the area of the
United States, the Louisiana Pur-
chase. The area west of the Mis-
sissippi which had been originally
claimed by France as a result of
exploration and been secretly
coded to Spain in 1862 prior to the
expulsion Of France from the con-
tinent, had subsequently been
again secretly transferred and re-
coded by Spain to France in the
year 1900. The complete control
Of the mouth of the Mississippi
River by the United States was
extremely important to its people
and the commercial interests,
controlling as it did the exit from
the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf
of Mexico, and when the cession of
the area west of the Mississippi
to France in 1900 became known a
commission was sent to France by
the United States Government to
negotiate for the pufchase of the
area adjacent to the mouth of the
Mississippi and including the city
of New Orleans. The French Gov
eminent, however, fearing loss
of the entire western area to Great
Britain offered to sell it all to the
United States for S15,000,000, of
which S11,25o 00' would be in six
per cent bonds of the United States
Government and the remainder to
be paid to citizens of the United
States having claims against
France, and when this treaty
reached Washington it was quick
ly ratified, in October 1903, and
the area of the United States thus
doubled by single stroke of the
pen.
This Louisiana Purchase" thus
completed in 1902, which as above
indicated more than doubled the
area Of the country, included $685.
600 square miles, while the total
area prior to the purchase was
only $4,000 square miles. The
entire new area was given the title
of the Territory of Louisiana"
but in 1904 the southern tip was
cut off and es'1hlished as the "Ter-
ritory of Orleans" and in 1912 the
Territory of Orleans" was admit
ted to the Union as the State of
Louisiana and the remainder of
the purchase given a new title. the
Territory of Missouri" with its
capital at the city of St. Louis.
Later. after the States of Arkansas
and Missouri had been cut off from
its southeastern section the re-
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20
By OSCAR P. AUSTIN
-5iatish clan. The National City Bank cf
New York.

The difficulties which accom-
panied the Transformation of the
twenty pre-war countries of Eu-
rope into the thirty which now
appear on the map Of that CONT
nent recall some interesting
features Of the process by which
the territory Of the United States,
which is now about equal to that
Of all Europe, was enlarged, adj
lusted, and readjusted into the
fifty political divisions which now
appear upon the map of our own
country.
We have been busy, very busy,
IN this big country of ours in the
comparatively short period since
the Swedes, the Dutch, the Span
ish, the French and the English
We're stalking out" their respect
I've claims upon the Atlantic
frontage from the southern tip of
Florida to the frozen north But
when we recall the steps by which
that area was united, enlarged,
populated and then divided and
sub-divided into territories and
states, we find many interesting
and almost forgotten incidents.
How many of the twenty million
people living in the states of Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and
Wisconsin recall the fact that the
area which they now occupy was
at one time part of the province
of Quebec?
How many of the nine million
people in the states of Wisconsin.
Iowa, Minnesota and a part Of the
Dakotas realize that the section
which they now occupy was once
a part of the territory of Michigan,
whose area in 1884 was eight
times as much as that when the
territory was established and SIX
times as much as that of the pres
ent state of Liichigan?
The Territory of Missouri once
included the area forming the
present states of Iowa, Nebraska,
North Dakota, South Dakota,
Arkansas, Missouri and part of
the present area Of Minnesota,
Wyoming, Montana, Kansas, Okla
homa, and Colorado.
The Territory of Indiana in 1904
included what is now Minnesota
and part of the Dakotas.
Texas, which is now nearly
twice as large as any other state
of the Union, is at the present
time only about two-thirds as big
as when admitted, and part Of
her original area now forms parts
of five other states, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and
Wyoming.
The area relinquished to the
Common Union by the thirteen
original states after the close of
the Revolutionary War now forms
part or all of thirteen other states
having a combined area greater
than that Of the present area of
the original thirteen which gave
their western area to the Common
Union.
The Nations Beginnings
The first permanent settlement
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

William II. Seward. who Negotiated the
Purchase of Alaska.
ton lying west of Lake Michigan
which included the area now
known as Wisconsin, Iowa, Mime
sofa, and parts of North and South
Dakota. When the original Terri
tory Of Michigan applied in 1887
for admission as a state, there
existed a bitter dispute between
that territory and the State of
Ohio as to the boundary line be-
tween them, Michigan claiming
an area which would have given
her the port Of Toledo at the
southern tip of Lake Michigan,
and to settle that dispute annie
ably, Congress gave to Michigan
the area now known as the North
ern Peninsula" which subsequent.
~ became extremely valuable
through the development of its
great copper and iron and timber
interests. The section at the west
which had been temporarily at
tached to Michigan was then es-
tablished as the Territory of Wis
consin," while the area lying d.
rectly west Of the State Of Ohio
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

followed in detail within the limi-
tations of this discussion. Ken
lucky was admitted as a state in
1892, and Tennessee in 1895. In
1900 the western part of the terri
tory northwest of the Ohio and ex-
tending to the Mississippi and the
Canadian line was cut off and es-
tablished under the title of Indiana
Territory and in 1903 the State of
Ohio established. In 1905 the ter
ritory lying between Lakes Michi-
gan and Huron was established
as the Territory Of Michigan"
and it later proved a convenient
nucleus to which TO attach for
temporary government the Sec
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20
Our Recent Accessinns.

the area thus added being about
$4,000 square miles.
y
Our Recent Accessions.
In 1867 Alaska with its enormous
territory was purchased from Rus
STA for $7,200,000, and is now
the only area o. continental Uni
ted States still governed as ter
ritory, all other parts of the great
continental areas added having
been transformed into states after
passing through their probation
period" as territories. The great
Territory Of Nebraska at one time
part of the still greater Terri
tory of Missouri was sub-divid-
ed into the States Of Nebraska and
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

1856, North Carolina 1884, and
1890, South Carolina 1887, and
Georgia in 1902. Vermont, which
had been claimed by the State OF
New York as a part of her area,
purchased independence from that
state by paying $4,000 and was
subsequently admitted to the
Union as the first new state.
Maine, which had been claimed and
governed by Massachusetts, for
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

1898 on downward, was admitted
in 1898 and the group of islands
established III 1900 as the Territory
of Hawaii. The Virgin Islands
which lie just east of Porto Rico
were purchased from Denmark in
1917 for S25, 900, 900, the chief pur-
pose being their control as naval
station. The Panama Canal Zone,
five miles on each side of the Pan
ANA Canal, was in 1903 granted
in perpetuity TO the United States
by the Panama Government on
the payment of S10,000,000 by the
United States, to be followed by
annual payments of S250,000 be-
ginning nine years after the agree
ment. Alaska, the Philippines, the
Hawaiian Islands and Porto Rico
have their own legislative bodies.
but the governor is in each case
designated by the President of the
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20
le Process by Which Our Original Thirteen"

colonies. The British flag at that
moment flew from the southern tip
of Florida to the northern border
of Canada, for Florida had mean
time been brought under the Brit
ish flag; and following this extern
sion of Canadian Government over
the area lying south and west of
the Great Lakes, the colonies
claiming that area Joined with
those which were already clamor-
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

subsequently divided into Alabama
and Mississippi.
The Territories Absorbed into
the Union
The steps ny (which these two
great areas, the Territory North
west of the Chic and the Territory
South of the Ohio, were trans
formed into separate territorial
and state examinations cannot be
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20
Texas AMI the south.Mest.

The third addition to our terri
tory came in the form of the State
of Texas VIII ch had in 1886 seed
ed from Mexico and established
itself as an independent republic
and Immediately made application
for admission to the United
States. This application was, how
ever, rejected by Congress when
made in 1897 and again in 1874,
but in January, 1S45, Congress
passed an act giving its consent
that the territory properly includ-
ed within the Republic Of Texas
may be erected into a new state
to be called The State of Texas"
and in December of that year the
Joint resolution admitting Texas
as a state &c the Union passed
both House and Senate, the area
being thus admitted as State
without preliminary probation"
as territory Subsequently Con.
grss PURCHASED from the State of
Texas a part of its original area.
paying s10,000.000, and the $4,000
square miles thus purchased sub
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

ing for independence, and all of
the British colonies on the North
American continent except Florida
at the south and Canada at the
north united in the declaration of
1776, declaring themselves no lon
ger colonies but free and indepen-
dent states.
The First Territories.
It was at the close of that mem
orable struggle, when the peace
treaty with Great Britain in 1888
gave to the new United States of
America the entire area extending
to the Mississippi at the west and
the Canadian border at the north,
that the question of the method of
government in that great interior
area came to the front and de-
manded solution. Seven of the
Massachusetts,, Connec-
ticut. New York Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and
Georgia-clajmed that their orig
inal grants extended westward to
the Mississippi. if not farther. and
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

under the title Of Indiana Terri
tory had meantime been divided
into the territories of Indiana and
Illinois. Indiana became state
in 1915 and Illinois in 1918.
The Territory South Of the Ohio
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

but $4,000 square miles. These
cessions of the western territory
by the colonies did not occur 81
simultaneously hut began with New
York in. 1871, Virginia in 1888,
Massachusetts 17S5, Connecticut
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

mainder was renamed the Indian
Country"
While this Indian Country" was
slowly being transformed into ter
ritorial and state divisions, there
came the second addition to the
area of the United States in the
purchase of Florida from Spain to
which country Great Britain had
re-ceded it in 1888. The considera-
ton of its purchase from Spain
was to be the payment by the
United States of various claims
by American citizens against the
Spanish government, which
amounted when paid, including in
terest, to $4,000 and the terri
tory thus purchased subsequently
became, in 1926, the State of Flor
ida.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1922-12-20

control of Virginia until It's adn1is-
sion as state in 1892, nor did it
include the western area Of Geor-
gia which was not ceded to the
Union until 1908, and then became
the Territory of Mississippi, and
The Ocala evening star., 1922-12-27

The elementary department of the
Methodist Sunday school brought
much pleasure and happiness to the
sick and disabled when on Christmas
evere the children and some of the
singers. of the church sang Christmas
hymns and carols at the homes of the
sick. They were accompanied by a
number of the school band and the
leader, Mrs. Cole, and from the north
ern limits to the southern part of the
city they made their visits. Although
they were unable to visit every one
they made seventeen stops, which in
some instances included several fam
lilies in a neighborhood, and every
where they stopped they met the
warmest of welcomes and made num-
bers of the sick happy who otherwise
would not have heard the Christmas
music.
The Ocala evening star., 1922-12-27
ODD FELLOWS ELECTION

At the semi i-annual election held by
Tulula Lodge Tuesday night the fol-
lowing officers were chosen:
Frank Churchill, noble grand.
Chas. E. Tubbs, vice grand.
George L. Taylor, secretary
Fl. D. Stokes, treasurer.
Representative to the Grand Lodge,
E. E. Converse and F. ". Ditto; alter
mates, ". E. Linderman and W. L
Colbert.
The secretary and treasurer are
eletced for a year; the other officers
for six months. The appointive off,
GERS will be chosen on the night of in
stallation, which will probably be next
Tuesday evening. At the meeting
Tuesday evening, Dec. 18th, the fol-
lowing received the third degree:
Messrs. Sam Phillips, Grover Stafford,
j. S. Tucker, W. H. Terrell, Charles
Thomas, Ben Daniel, W. E. Nelson,
Roy earn and W. r. Atkinson. AT
the meeting of the lodge Tuesday
night, a new class, Messrs. Evans
Bell, J. T. Atkins and George Luff-
man, began its course with the initi-
atory degree.
The Ocala evening star., 1922-12-27
WEDDING AT INGLIS

Wednesday, Dec. 20, at noon, at the
home of the brides parents on the
gulf, it was my privilege to unite in
matrimony Mr.. II. w. Knight and
Miss Nancy Hodges, both of Inglis.
After the wedding we were invited
into the dining room and of all the
dinners / ever sat down to, this was
the best. Mrs. Hodges is in a class
ell by herself when it comes to pre-
pairing a dinner. The groom is super
intendent of the Dunnellon Phosphate
Company's plant at Ingls. He has
held this position for over three years
and has the highest esteem by all who
know him. The bride is one of the
loveliest little women it has ever been
my privilege to meet. She is the
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Hodges of
Inglis. They left Immediately on
their bridal tour on the east coast, far
down as Miami. After January 18th
they will be at home to their friends
| feel especially interested in this pair
as it was my privilege to baptize and
receive them into the church and nc
truer did the Lord select Isaac and
Rebecca than he did Horace and Nancy
to be man and wife. May their joys
be as deep as the ocean and their sor-
rows as light as the foam, and may
Heavens richest blessings ever attend
them. E. D. Boyer.
The Ocala evening star., 1922-12-27

large gathering of young people at
the Strickland home Christmas night
is another yearly function. Mr.. Strick-
land insists on having ali his children
with him all day and gives an enter
tainment so all may come
Mr.. ]. F. Parker has his son with
him as is his custom every Christmas.
Mr.. and Mrs. W. J. Seckinger ate
dinner with Mr. A. W. Woodward and
family.
Mr.. Dan Barco goes to Wildwood to
spend part of the holidays with Mrs.
W. E. Veal, his daughter.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jess Williams went to
spend the day with Mrs. Williams
father. the venerable Lum Gaines, OF
Lebanon
The Ocala evening star., 1922-12-27
COTTON PLANT

Cotton Plant, Dec 26.-The Christ
mas exercises at st. Johns church were
very much appreciated. The children
showed competent training, rare selec-
tion and the whole was crowned with
the jewel of brevity. Every one
thoroughly enjoyed the evening. The
tree was tastily decorated and pro-
fusely hung with multitude of pres
ents for gathering from a large
area. The Sunday school undertook
the carrying out of the program only
and invited everybody to come and
bring their presents for all their
friends and it was such a success we
can recommend the plan for future
occasions.
Mr.. J. A. Parker suffered quite a
loss Friday night by fire with no in
surance. The neighborhood is equally
the loser as any loss within the COM
munity is loss to the whole. The
fire wiped out the entire mill plant,
consisting of rice cleaning mill, feed
grinding mill, grist mill, large cane
mill, gas engine, shafting, betting,
tools, ETC., all modern and valued at
S2500. Our enterprising neighbor has
the sympathy of all.
Mr.. J. F. Parker and some of the
family were again at the bedside Sun
day of Mr.. Parker's sister at Orange
Lake who is still very low and there
is little hope of her recovery.
Rev. X. FL. Koestline, one of the four
pastors in Ocala district, returned to
his old work and filled his pulpit Sun
day. He preached the ablest sermon
of his pastorate of two years. It was
truly a great lesson. He taught us
what we ought to know. He fed US or
the word and not on the husks of the
world, as is so often the case in this
of enlightenment.
Miss Margaret Overton has gone tc
Gainesville and Miss Elizabeth Mer-
shon to Lake City to be with theil
parents for the Christmas holidays.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Caldwell OF
Lucerne Park are here with Mrs
CaldwelPs parents, Mr.. and Mrs. J. B
Trotter, for Christmas Everyone vel
comes the happy couple. We all like
friendly people.
Other home comers and visitors OF
the Christmas season are Mr.. Fred
Veal of the commercial staff of the
S. A. L. located in Miami, who is visit
ing his mother and brother, Chas. R
Veal. They all took dinner with the
latter Christmas day. Miss Betty
Barco is home from Clearwater to
spend her vacation. Mr.. Willie Veal
attending high school in Ocala, is also
home for Christmas
Mr.. W. T. Strickland's home re-
minds us of the sixties Every child
and grandchild, two sons and their
families and four daughters and their
families, besides a number of friends,
about forty in all, for Christmas din
ner They came from Lakeland, Plant
City, Dunnellon and Heidtville. 1t
was a grand old family reunion. A