Milford chronicle., 1922-09-08
U. S. TELLS GROWERS
TO WATCH ORCHARDS
URGES GREAT CARE In CHOICE OF ALL
VARIETIES; SAYS The MARKET
And YIELD VARY.

Federal experts in the Department
OF Agriculture point out that, as COM
petition in the fruit industry becomes
more intensive, it is necessary for
growers to give more heed to the
choice of varieties of fruit in their
orchards especially adapted to soil and
climatic conditions as well as to mar
ket requirements. AS it requires seV-
eral years to establish and bring an
orchard up to the age of production,
it is not always possible to anticipate
the requirements of the market at
the time of planting the orchard. It
therefore becomes desirable in some
instance to change the trees which
| have been planted from one variety
to another better suited to the market
or home requirements.
Besides the question of suitability
of the variety to the needs of the
market" statement from the Federal
Department of Agriculture says, "it
has been found with citrus fruits that
there are strains of otherwise good
varieties which do not produce paying |
crops. When trees of such strains are
found in the orchards of any consider |
able number, the production of the /
orchard is reduced in quantity as well |
as in quality. This makes such areas .
less profitable than they otherwise
would be if the unproductive trees
could be replaced by those which bear
abundantly.
There are different methods of ac-
comprising this result. The important
tnlng' however, is to determine which
OF the trees in the variety list are
undesirable. Then the Orchardist
shouid eliminate 'bOarders' by either
grattlng or budding into the tops of
the trees which are to be changed
sclons or buds of a variety of strain
known to be adapted to the reuuire-
ments OF the particular region and
market
In pear, apple or plum trees of ma
Iure size, the changing of the top from
one variety to another is, as a rule.
most satisfactorily accomplished by
On younger trees the
same thing can be accomplished either
Dy whip grating or by budding. With
peaches, however, it is generally more
satisfactory to replace the undesirable
'arletles by young nusery trees of de-
iirable sorts.
with citrus fruits, particularly or
-nSes and lemons, the process is even
more simple than it is with apples,
'ears or plums, because it is POSSIBLE
cry effectively to bud into the bark of
nature trees of these sorts. AS buds
Inserted into large frameWorks
branches make rapid growth, it is
possible in three years. time actually
o replace the head of a tree or rather
nature age by this process.
Grating of practically all styles
dapted to the transformation of ma
lre trees must be carried on while
ne trees and the scions to be used
re in their resting or dormant condi-
on. On the other hand, budding is in
ne main done during the period of
ctiVe growth, while the bark of the
1d-stick, as well as of the tree to be-
is, as the nurserymen say,
condition to slip
When the operation is properly
9rformed, and the condition of the
Ock and the scion is satisfactory, a
bod budder will secure SO per cent
stand in his work in citrus trees,
so a certain species of deciduous
ees, such as peaches, apples, pears
Id plums in the nursery row. In fact,
is usually considered easier to Sc
Ire stand of buds or scions or
lrsery stock than upon more mature -
antings.
Those having trees which are not
satisfactory varieties, and
ose having seeding trees which are
no value because of the inferiority
the fruit, can by budding or graft
g these individuals with scions or
Ids of desirable varieties make them
oductive units in the home fruit
anting or in the commercial or
ard