davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
a NoturoI-Born Income
Tax Collector

Upon the Cuban shore Columbus ST
up a miniature government of his own and
began a process Of pitless exactions frcH
the panic-stricken Indians; they were iteralf
ground to death for gold. Each native abce
the age of fourteen was compelled to psy
tax Of hawks bill full of gold every little
while. which was as often as the stern con-
queror demanded it. The men higher up IN
the tribe had to pay a proportionatey larger
amount Where the land yielded no gold cot
ton was accepted. Eventually it became m-
possible fer every individual native to ac-
cumulate as much as a hawks bill Of goc
(about SIS WORTHY and the tax was reduced
one half. To the mind of Columbus this wsi
the topnotch of good government, and he has
said so. He might have justified himself more
brilliantly had he lived to fill position in the
income tax collectors department at WASH
ington. But even the money nlaniacs back
the Spanish terminal couldn't stomach such
methods, and one day Christopher locked up
from his graft list TO confront sour-visago
person named Aguado, sent by the Big Chia
in Barcelona to take over the adnllrafs books
am not sure but that in the end AmefsV
has had the best Of the show, for while "
lunlbus can boast few bronze and stons
efRgies blocking the way of traffic in American
cities, Amerigo has had his name permanen"s
woven into the fabric Of continent. He was
a pioneer, 8 man of ginger, an optimst was
could wreathe smile while his heart was
mourning. He was the original advance sgsn'
Of the new civilization, the discoverer not ohp
of unsurveyed territories but of sureH'
method Of making them known. If you WE. ~.
to study .amerigo Vespucci's monument. ~
your head, glance out of your window a. ~
procession of automobiles rolling past, wa'ss
your busy neighoors at WORK, hoslee si., =
homes, their families, their happiness. ~
these are part of that half Of the w0i.
dedicated to the first real American. hs
our national great -granddaddy-yours s0
mine.
Suppose Chinaman, by his genius fof !. :.
preston, had compelled the interest OF =
country's masses and later gone 'for % =. 3
and for to admire" those new lands WITH y
own eyes, returning to Peking OF Hones.s.
to start a stampede Of yellow millions IN =.
direction? Well, you would be wearing
pigtal and reading this from right TO -
Amerigo? Here's to him, good old scous'
r.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05

oughness with which he tackled his lob rs
sociated Amerigos name for all time with
this virgin neighborhood. He Qrasped it's
portent and magnitude. in his own words:
There new countries which it is allowable
to call the New World are things not written
about either by the ancients or by modern
writer's"
When he embarked at Cadiz in one of feet
of four ships commanded by Alonxo de Hojeda,
which after comparatively quick run Of
thirty seven days reached the American coast,
Amerigo had upon his shoulders the entire
responsibility Of the several vessels carQoes
and commissariat, their equipment Of arms,
all their merchandise intended for barter with
the natives. Just what this responsibility
meant in business way IL best explained by
checking off some Of the stores carried in those
bumpy, little, high popped ferryboats Of the
fifteenth century. There were substantial
foodstuffs-beans, -four, peas lentils, biscuits,
dried fish, dried pork, anchovies vinegar.
olive oil, garlic, onions, sugar, mustard, rice,
hundreds Of cheeses. There we're several cows
and pigs aboard each boat, and horse or two.
There were daintes~--almonds figs, currants.
raisins, honey. Amerigo saw to it that suAi-
cient supply of lotions salves and medicines
were slowed where they could be grabbed in
a hurry. Besides an ample supply of armor.
arquebuscs, halberds, spears, lances, bows and
arrows and long cannon, there was plenty
or ammunition. Fiercely patterned cloths in
quantity, beads that screamed primary coors
brass baubles that yeped highlghts, and
mirrors suitable for insertion in the bodices Of
native evening gowns formed the basis Of each
ships trading stock. The cost Of eauippine
the fleet ran up to S25, 900, equivalent to-day
IN our money to about 100000. Such an
enterprise was no make believe.
Amerigo wrote his first advertisement" as
letter covering his trip of 1897 -'98, and ad-
dressed It to Pier Soderni, Gonfalonier Of
the Republic Of Florence. This Soderini had
been schoomate quarter Of century be-
fore. Amerigo, with true instincts for the
most businesslike way Of spreading tidnes of
interest, selected this old school friend. be-
cause ne was in touch with the political, COM
mercial and ecclesiastical life Of Italy and the
rest OF Europe. Having written the letter
and nominally superscribed it to one who
would make it widely known this COPY writer
turned explorer promptly had it printed in
Spanish, Dutch and Latin. The effect was
magical, instantaneous. The pamphlet went
through thirteen editions within a few days.
1t was Europe's BEST seller The impression
it created was profound. It was the biggest
SCOOP in history
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05

perslsting Indignantly through the centuries.
that Amerigo was a ruthless impostor not
hesitating to flourish at the Genoese navi
gators expense, and rising to favor while
Columbus sank. For Anerigo reversal of
fortune was new incentive to effort; it urged
nm to throw his bus into high Up against
an lmpregnable royal combine and the greed
or B. crowned boss whose divine right sane
toned his thievery, Amerigo smiled, drew
from a stacked deck and played for new,
deal with never-failing faith in his own
luck. Columbus, robbed, humiliated, stepped
upon, just clrled up and took the count. He
died damning the exalted crook who made him
cats paw. Amerigo had the determined
business mans gift for converting defeat into
profit, He was of the hardy breed that doesn't
know when it is licked. CHRISTOPHER and
Amerlgo had nothing in common save the stvle
ct their neckwear and their sincere friendship
for each other.
AmerIgo inherited many OF his shrewd trait
from his father, Anastaso Vespucci. famous
throughout Florence. The old man was law
yer and financier. Amerigos mother was, by
all accounts, lady of beauty and ability-al-
ways rare combination in woman of anv
period. An,erigo deliberately chose for him
self commercial career, but he was no
stranger to books. He was privately tutored
ny his uncle, Georgia Antonio Vespucci. q
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
"The FoUosD-up System"
as Applied to America

So when Amerigo sailed he was fully aware
that the world knew Columbus was the original
patentee of the new "Indies.' Amergo's mis-
sion was clean cut and simple. He was one
Of company in four ships going out under
q commission from the king and bound upon
voyage Of promising adventure, but follow
ing the ocean path laid out by Columbus. He
was not nustiag Ia but sasseiy ioia!ag up.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
An1erigo Did Not Wait
for Glory to Croun Hin,

1t has been established beyond comeback
that Amerigo did not claim to be the discoverer
OF the land which has all these centuries borne
his personal trademark The first suggestion
that the newly found continent should be called
after the Florentine came from disinterested
scribe in Lorraine in 1907, and Amerigo's
name, following popular approval, crept into
an edition of Ptolemy's Geographic in 1922.
But being registered in "Who's Who doesn't
bring fame, If it implies it. All the facts as
stated fall short of explaining why the name
America came to be generally accepted in
Europe, establishing forever the appellaton Of
what Amerigo himself was content to call the
Nueuo Mu'do, or New World.
Fate double-crossed Amerigo; he never saw
the map OF the western hemisphere which
hazoned his monker across its shiny surface
IN fat, black letters. He had been gathered
unto his forebears full decade when that first
<~teful parchment appeared. One feels sorry
for Amerigo when one thinks Of the healthy
thrill he missed. 1t would have been generous
Of Kismet to have allowed the old fellow TO
hang on just long enough to enjoy one good
gloat over that ink -harried drawing OF our
continent
He had mind that delved below the surface
Of things. And he had a still more unusual
asset-an imagination. "Imagination rules
the world" spouted Napoleon, and although
Amerigo did not anticipate the Corsican's quo
cation, he anticipated it's meaning. In the
sew world, which was in time to be famous as
sAs Ssst6ias rssHn4 e$ iAdvsesie, and financial
kiagss this man 81 s4sieu with 81 itch for
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
.SPER AE MAT


Q C1au1 Phoom9us non pofuital illud ter9r ro1aodox
Yelt)pi incogntum upsriorbusluratumiit 8zdicj
surD squod iplus principiun1C que paraeus ab
&quatorexxvi )re{eme per Tlenlt proels Ct aut Tvle
Sepfemronalisinlulad dequa Marc noReET Tib lerue uL
TINA IYe.
Vg 6ar n,odo d;ce Is 40 nens.
len1 ad Autrun1 quorum ex oontraria osna habenfx
sunflutrata etdc poGune eoes tjdia Rlexa,
ofias:Antdia R}odon:A Antdia RhorreSanedia Bori(ce
mesa parreula antique oppotn uel contra demo
sasAsB friexeo climate Atarcl eri1s; & bars exren,a
Atric9 nupG repeGta & lZanzbarlaua minor g. i'm
AmefD suI1 quarsa orbsp uenir
s91unf. quibuS Xura bns sI;Safib p5Son
usn eli1 Geogfaph (unrubi air zoxha
S nnes para agut1f ann sepora non parieer Anect
s'As tnoes aiseraos incoljmus oh ardo
1en nintefceaert psgs neogus:huius icedus ef Vbi
n,madueedum eft quod cnaaeur1 auoda alios flaliud
prOduSatcun1 diuerg lure & ALA
Banafyderu Ii rsute nodeefur Vtfde ViroIius
Virgli Meeuero @ferreomnes osnla poGunr
VS. kticiegeteSllic uerune fcslicius ulas
Arboret toeeus aI1b:atg iaiuna uireicune
Saraml'a.fN fNonne uides Uoeeos T71nolus odores
India tnttr ebursmiteuntlua thura Salxi
AeCalyoe nudi fesrutn;uirofag ponsus
Coterea Eliadump palmas Epjrosequarusn8
Cdauum Capue sueres.
g Saoaii iupeforbusu aliqua1do ineidetef
snenores fuiusC cum fecet poll Bofei :pol Nohidi:
aoDid genus ALA dxmu ipfous coe1to non itl mo
menti irnn1o i1agnam uilitace Coooraphiam habey
eed9noielsuEideohocfubeq capite tuadasndeueu
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
An7ersgo a "Rcst Seller"
Of Thirteen Editions

1t was, of course, customary for all return
ing explorers to publish reports The differ
ence between the others and Amerieo was that
his were readable and read By clever distri-
button of his pamphlets describing the new real
estate he reached the most influential men Of
his days we'll as the multitude It was
straightforward publicity by live one who
sensed the value of ADVERTISING His stuff was
couched in terms understandable by all who
could read. He dealt in clear terms and plain
details. He began by addressing his old friend.
the Gonfalonier "Magnificent Lord" but
speedily got into his theme and stuck to it
without honey drip until he had covered every
point, making in the end a fascinating story
of great cruise. His subject was novel, sen
sational, but only because of its inherent in
terest.
Columbus penned two letters, on the home
trip, regarding his first voyage; one to Suis
de Sontangel, chancellor of the House of Ara
gon, dated on the Nina, off the Canaries; an
other to Gabriel Sanchez, the treasurer Of
Aragon, dated off the Azores February Is,
1893 But Columbus was of the dry-as-dust
reportorial school, Amerigo knew something
of psychology and made his narrative pulsat-
ing, human thing.
Amerigo's direct, forceful method of de-
scripton was necessary, and he realized the
need Of it in utterly insular Europe. Not
even the finding Of a new continent could stir
the masses unless the appeal could be unusu-
ally prepared Mulhall estimates the popula-
tion of Europe just before this period to have
been 50,000,000, and a majority of the people
were in helpless ignorance. The publications
Of Amergo, for he followed all his voyages
with graphic stories of the strange lands and
their undraped peoples, were the first clarion
announcement to a sodden civilization that
there were fresh opportunities and an untried
life across seas. OF his subsequent letters one
was addressed to his old employer, Lorenzo di
Pier, head Of the House of Medici another was
to the King of Jerusalem and Sicily. He knew
the value of good type, sound paper, clear
transations and simple wood cuts for the
establishment of his text. It is wondrous
strange that historians have overlooked this
fact--that Amerigo was as modern in his
principles OF exploitation as the most up-to-the-
minute "advertising engineer" of our fearfully
articulate century. The initial brochure for ex-
ample the one nominally addressed to the
lronfaloner of s'lorence, contains quaint but
effective wood cut on the front page, showing
the author writing his memoirs. Another pic
ture represents throned king pointing with
his right hand to the seas upon which three
sailormen eager and ready to clsenlbark, with
groups of nude and nervous natives in the fore
ground hurrying forestward In fight.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
This is how AmeYigo, the first o,...
publicity expert, compelled *.
worlds attention to his ochieuen...
0s an explorer

bear his name as long as the earth tur,. +.
space. u
Lopez de Gomara, writing to Charles V ror.
than three and half centuries ago. had s-s
IDENTIFY come under Amerixos consecratsd ~
thusiasm, for Gomara said: "The grs.,...
event which has happened since the creation ~
the world (leaving aside the incarnation md
death Of Him who made it, is the diseovs~.
Of the Indies
Those words we're penned fifty years aAs.
Amerigo published his pamphlets, and "rndia,p
the discoveries we're still called, though msns
with America printed on them had been ont fo~
nearly forty years. We can best cali to mini
Europe's mental torpor as compared with
Amerigo's clear vision by remembering that
while Columbus, Amerigo and Cabot were con.
temporaries it was not until more than hun.
dred years later that England established /,
Virginia it's first American colony. EngIan5
missed her chance of scoring in the big gan.
Of continent, continent, who's got the cop.
tinet?" when Columbus, pedding his dream
and convictions from court to court. turne,
down by one king after another finally sent hi
brother, Bartholomew, to lay his propositios
before Henry VII. That pepless monarch
couldn't be persuaded to invest money in
chlnlera, and it was perhaps just as well for
Columbus, since it was this king who af.erwarj
paid John Cabot $50 for discovering Newfount
land. The entry in the treasury account O.
Henry VII reads: "To him who found the nev
isle, s10." If there is any choice between Two
evils it is perhaps better to die Of broken
heart than an empty stomach.
There are one or two grave charges acains:
Columbus which show him up in rather bad
light. and which had not Amerigo been
stanch friend, must have alienated the two
men for all time. After returning from bis
first voyage Columbus was the man Of the
hour He staggered under the honors heapsi
upon him. He was made noble and given
coat-of-arms. He was entitled to have cres:
in two colors on his letterheads The king
took him out for joy rides through the streets
in the royal jitney. and what was more to tfs
point. gave him plenty OF currency ont Of ths
Spanish treasury. Life for Columbus vas
roseate, and he was in position TO oe sfaht
and generous toward all men. But-and you
can never divorce anything in this life from
that blighting "but"-the pension promised By
Ferdinand to the first man who should see
land was calmly copped by Christopher. he
has been properly criticized for snitehing this
pension from one Of his own sailors No one
had ever questioned the atter's announcement
of land from the masthead of the Pinta, where
as tie light which Columbus claimed to hsw
seen some hours before was never seen by am
Of his crew.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
Ferdinand krexu a Mor
When He Saw One

In 1897 Anergo Fespucci was in his forty
sixth year and merchant banker ct Cadiz
year before this he had undertaken q new line
OF work; the completion of the financing and
Quitting g fleet of vessels for the Indies
and ordered from Amergos compatriot. Be
rard by King Ferdinand. Through the Span
lsh monarchs consent and wish, following the
death Of Berardi and the ncompletion of the
latters contract, Amerigo was chosen to take
up the eXpcdtionary stunt. The e0uippinr of
these ships was important, and the facts con-
corning them essential to a grip on Ameri-
COS connection with the exploration venture.
Hi1g Ferdinand, though merely monarch had
the plebean gift Of seeing through a milstone.
He could interpret the motives of the male
species without the aid Of palmistry. He had
AmcrlGos number from the first and had
seHsed his worth. The King also knew that
Amerlgo's long service in the interests Of the
Medicis had peculiarly fitted him TO carry out
government contracts; the Spanish sovereign
weighed the Italian commoner in the balance
and found he wanted him. Amergo accepted
the Kings proposal to go abroad his bust
ness representative this and other world
batting expeditions, and, in his own words:
"The King Don Fernando of CASTLE being
about to dispatch four ships to the discovery
of new lands toward the west, was chosen by
his highness to go in the feet to aid in the
discovery.''
1t let's out Anerigo from anything like self
seeking at the expense Of Columbus to know
that while the monopoly granted to the latter
as admiral of the ocean sea-" controlling the
navigation of all new waters, had been re-
yoled, an amended concession had been ex-
tended TO the renowned navigator whereby he
had the right to load or control the loading of
one-eighth part OF the tonnage capacity of "all
ships leaving for the Indies'' Amerigo and
Columbus both believed the newly discovered
land formed part OF the Asiatc continent and
its islands, although Amerigo had rather the
larger idea of the two men as to what the new
discoveries promised. This was developed in
Amerigos first report-the report that tray
eled Europe and gave Amerigo his renown
But between the two explorers there were no
misunderstanding, lack of recognition on
Amergos part of the prior discoveries and
exclusive claims Of the man who sailed from
Palos to impershable fame. Columbus had
made his second voyage before Amerigo re-
ceived the Kings commission TO annex Ameri-
unregistered suburban property for the
glory OF Spain and the increase of it's revenue.
Amerigo, having charge as supercargo, was
sadded with the responsibility of protecting
the rights Of Columbus and his agents-the
rights referring to the one-eighth parts of
loads. These legal and conceded rights Of Co
lumbus had been advertised in the public
squares of all towns and all ports of Anda-
lusa Moreover, Columbus at this time and ss
the Kings reward for his cracoveries was en-
joying the rank and title of grandee Of Spain
and First Admiral Of the then al-oowe-ful
SDanish navy
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
He Caught Europe's Eye
With Illustrations

Thus by eye-arresting methods Anlerigo
awakened interest in the most sluggish minds.
He photographed with words the attraction
of our continent, it's seas and archipelagoes,
and suggested the name Nuevo Mundo. And
because this merchant, hnancier and shipper of
the ffteenth-sixteenth century invoked honor
able, straightforward methods, America will
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
BY PERRITON MAXWELL

THIS about Anego Vespucc greet little understood
rval of Columbus. Written American 2anenaoe the
author has introduced facts of history This
" Prooooy the first time modern tUrter has undertaken
set old Anergo rghf before the World has
mudged him for than four feu of Americas
hundred million be Uing gve thought on March,
'c rightly 0e should set apart and ceebrae do Febru
ary IL and %, October ~ and July 4
New-York tribune., 1922-03-05
Publicity That Christened o. Continent

page from to."Faph inrod"ci~' by NJ
from cork issued i" 1907 and
after
me aese o." the sixteenth
edardate
'0 Minor and n the
"*fe"ed continent Hylamyus
pmnAkL
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-29
CAPPER FAVORS IT
Senator Declares Profiteers
Owe Bonus to Soldiers.
Says That Bill Is Nothing More
Than a Square Deal.

Washington, Aug. 29.-Announcing
his support of the soldiers bonus as
nothing more than a square deal for
the boys who did the. fighting, Senator
Copper, Republican, Kansas. told the
senate today that war profiteers and
peace profiteers owe a bonus TO the
soldiers"
against miiitarism than to require the
men who profit out of war to pay for
it, he said. Those who remained at
home made enough/here in the United
States to enable US to pay many times
fought our battles. Wall street wants
to pay it with a sales tax, which
would be paid largely by the farmers,
the laboring people, and others in the
form of a tax on food and clothing
and othr necessities. -.
"Profiteering during the war pro-
duced one American millionaire for
every three American soldiers KILLED
in France. I would like to see the
government recover the hundreds of
millions of dollars stolen from the
treasury by the crooks and grafters
who profiteered off the government in
war contracts and then use that
money to pay the soldier bonus.
Would Go After Foreign Debt.
''Then there's another way we can
raise the money. Let's go after the
billions that the foreign governments
owe us, collect the interest promptly,
ana pay IL loSOur SotQ1erS. Ihere Is no
use Disgusting the fact that our inter-
national bankers want us to wipe out
this foreign debt. 1t will make their
foreign securities that much stronger.
II we decline to concel this debt these
governments probably will try to bor-
row more money from us. yto4 pay u3
what they owe. So, far ASH am con!
cerned. will never vote to cancel one
dollar OF that debt, andAI will never
vote to lend another dollar of gov
eminent funds to. any foreign nation"
Attacksk U. S. Chamber of Commerce.
Senator Capper said the most pow
erful influence against the bonus was
the United States Chamber of Com
merce, which he charged had taken a
referendum of it's membership not
upon the measure before congress but
upon a measure OF it's own "copcoct-
ing"
"OnIy SIS per cent of the Chambers
membership voted upon the PROPOSE
ton he continued, ''and a large pro-
portion. of these votes came from the
large centers Of industry. In spite of
this only one proposition out of the
four received less votes in favor than
it did against, and of the total votes
on the four propositions submitted,
4,116 votes were cast in favor of all
propositions to asst against them"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-29
A BIC DEATH TOLL
CareIesSness Cost Life Every
Six Minutes in 1920.
Motor Car Accidents Lead, Re-
ports at Detroit Show.

Detroit. Aug. z9.-Careless Amer
ica's toll of accidental deaths during
1920 was $4,000. life every six min
utes, according to a report of the ma
annual safety congress here today.
While the 1920 toll from all public
and industrial accidents was de-
crease of $500 over 1911, the begin
credit side of the 1880 ledger was only
400 over the 1919 figures
Automobile accidents were held re-
sponsible largely for the unfavorable
there were 1,2o0 more deaths from
that cause than in 1919. Thirty
deaths day, a total of 1900 was
the record of automobile fatalities in
1920 Reports now available indicate
an increase in 1921 General traffic
accidents in s1921 are expected to
show a per cent decrease the re-
port stated.
People died from falling accidents
of all kinds at the rate of "a a day in
1920. Burns claimed % a day. a total
for the year of S,OSS and an Increase
of 215 over 1919. Other major causes
of accidental deaths We're: Railroad
accidents. 1853; drownings. 6,O66;
gas, 3,61S; fire arms, 2,767; mine ac-
cidents. 1850; machinery. 1850;
street cars, 2.12S; other vehicles, O.
022; conflagrations. 1,277; deaths
from crushing, poisons, sharp instru-
ments, heat, cold, injuries by animals,
lightning, and electricity were among
the general causes
Accidents in industry showed a de-
cline of Is deaths per 100000 popu-
lation for each year of the ten year
period, while public accidents de-
creased IL per cent. In round num-
Oers, $4,000 men and 21,0G0 women
were killed in accidents during 1920.
Isaiah Hale, safety superintendent
of the Santa Fe, is chairman of the
steam railway section of the national
safety council meeting in Detroit to-
day. Several Topeka firms are mem
bers of the council.