davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
Showlow Wins An Excl
ting Base Ball Game

The Showlow baseball team,
after having apparently and
hopelessly lost the ball game to
the Snowflake team on Pioneer
Day at the Fair Grounds, turned
the tables on the home team and
won the 1st prise of SIS by a
score of Is to Is.
Snowflake scored 2 runs in the
first inning, and not to be out
done, ShowloW did likewise, one
of the two being a home run by
Buckles. After the first inning
Showlow did not score for five
innings, while the local team
piled up a total of 13 runs. At
this stage of the game Snow
fakes crack pitcher, Geo. Smith,
asked to be released from pitch
ing, because he had not done any
pitching for three years. Stem
Frost replaced him in the box,
but not receiving gilt-edge sup
port from his team mates, Show
low had no trouble in running in
five runs on him in one inning.
McCloskey, who had not done
any pitching for over three years,
was asked to warm up and pitch
the last two innings. In the
eighth inning he Jared first rate.
allowing ShowloW but one run.
However, in the last inning
the Snowflake team practically
threw away the game by almost
every man in the game, except
the outfielders and Brown Capps,
our crack first baseman, going
to pieces. The score up to the
last inning standing 8 to i in
favor of Snowflake. McCloskev
was unfortunate in not receiving
the support he deserved in the
ninth inning; the score then
standing IL to Is in favor of
Snowflake. At this stage of the
inning Geo. Smith was asked to
again go in the pitchers box
and save the local team from de-
feat, but the Showlow boys kept
up the stick work and before the
inning was over they had the
necessary runs to win the game.
Credit for bring in the win
ming run is due Charlie Woolfrod
who although crippled with
swollen knee from one of the
previous games, came to bat as a
pinch hitter scoring two men.
and putting an end to the
game.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

| hereby announce myself as a
candidate for the office of Re-
corder, County of Navajo. State
of Arizona, subject to the deci-
sion of the democratic party at
the primaries Sept, IL, 1922.
Lucretia w. Flanagan
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
Thorwald Larson
For Co. School Supt.

| wish to announce my candi-
dacy for the office of County
School Superintendent of Nava-
jo County. subject to the wishes
of the voters in the Democratic
primary held Sept. IL, 1922.
Hattie Penrod Flaharty
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

| hereby announce myself as a
candidate for the office of Re-
corder, County of Navajo, State
of Arizona, subject to the de-
cision of the democratic party at
the primaries, Sept. IL, 1922.
Mrs. James Donohoe.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
For Superior Judge

I hereby announce myself as a
candidate for the office of Su-
perior Judge, County of Navajo,
State of Arizona. subject to the
decision of the democratic party
at the primaries Sept. IL, 1922.
Thos. r. Greer.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

Have You Registered?
You can register at the
Herald Office. Do it to-day
so you can vote at the Pri-
mary September, 18th. 1922.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
For Treasurer

| wish to announce my candi-
dacy for the office of County
Treasurer. subject to the wishes
of the voters in the Democratic
primary, Sept. IL, 1922.
George j. Shaefer
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
The Snowflake Lumber Co.
For Sheriff

hereby announce myself as a
candidate for the office of Sheriff
of Navajo County subject to the
decision of the voters at the De-
mocratic primary Sept. IL, 1922.
John Lewis
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

Lest you forget, we say it yet
The Herald has complete plant
for turning out high class job
printing.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

| hereby announce myself as a
candidate for the office of Coup-
ty Attorney, County of Navajo,
State of Arizona. subject to the
decision of the Democratic par
ty at the primaries September
IL, 1922.
ThOrWald larson
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
For Sheriff

| wish to announce my candi-
dacy for the Office of Sheriff of
Navajo County, subject to the
wishes of the voters in the De-
mocratic primary held Septem-
Der IL, 1922,
Tom Hubbard
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
George j. Shaefer

Special attention given to town and
country trade at the Commercial Hotel,
Holbrook. Rates 81 per day and up
Feb 24-tf.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28
A NON-PARTISAN NEWSPAPER
Political Announcements

political announcements under this
head for county and state candidates
at the coming election will be at the
following rates, strictly in advance.
Don't be bashful, you aspiring candi-
dates, Send in your announcements
State Officers $25. 90
County Office ----------------Sl5.OO
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

You can now afford to
buy a good, substantial,
complete bed at Wetzler's.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

WANTED-A few water shares
of the Snowflake and Taylor
Irrigation Co. T. C. Hoyt.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

Fresh, homemade ice cream at
residence in quantities from l at
to 10 gallons. Minnie F. Willis.
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

The Herald for fine job print
no
The Snowflake herald., 1922-07-28

Tom Hubbard
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
FUNERAL 1NcolCP1xTD

Funeral arrangements for the services
Of Nelso Mitchell. Sc years old. who
died yesterday morning At his home, No.
% Vermont street, Island. were incom-
plete late last night but will probably
DO held Friday from his late residence.
Mr.. Mitchell lived in Wheeling for
the past seventyfour years. He was
born at Glenn's Run and lived there
until he was twelve years old. For
twenty-one years he was employed as
manager OF tho old Fisher Foundry at
Martins Ferry. He retired thirteen
years ago.
His wife who was Miss Katherine
Bennett. preceded him in death four
teen years ago. Three daughters sur
vive. They are: Misses Ada. MAude and
Georgianna at home and brother, WILL
bur Mitchell Of Mansfield. Ohio.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
OBITUARY
MRS. MARY HOWE
Is DEADA HOME
NEARELM GROVE
0Atb Follows x1ansss Of Complications
-W3ASV Of Howe Machine Com
pAly 1oS1AsR.

Mrs. Mary C. Howe. widow OF tho
tate A. D. Howe. founder Of the Howe
Machine company. died at o'clock yes
terdsy morning 1t the homo Of her
daughter. Mrs. Walter Springer at
Point MIL. following an illness OF a
coupNestion Of diseases. She was the
Las, Of family Of nine sons and dansh-
NYS.
Nra Howe was prominent In church
circles here. She was q lifelong member
OF the Methodist church and for many
wear q leader IN the work OF tho
vensn's organizations OF the Fourth
Street church here.
Mrs. Howe was born In New 10TH
ststs, coming to this district 30 years
aeo. Her husband prseeded her In dsatn
by II years.
! HSsidss har daughter she leaves ono
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
0U7-THE-P|kE


Work upon the new section OF con"
crote road through DiInmiedale has been
completed and ~ill be opened to traffic
on tho first Of the year. according to
statements made today BY the contrac-
tor, Vincent Vercollitti. The building
Of this road has consumed several
weeks and upon completion has been
pronounced one Of the best In tho Tenth
ward.
Ian YlA1Asl
Preparations ara being made for the
giving Of q ball by tho members Of the
". ". A. lodge Of Elm Grove on New
Years day. Although tho committee n
charge Of this event has net complsted
ARRANGEMENTS various members have
stated that every effort 10 being made
70 make the affair one that will be re-
nemhered BY both tho weodmsn and the
many visitors wAs will b present
0tys 3AS1s o0R
At the Meeting held last Thursday ~
hnSslf Of the Sufferers Of The Near
East Ia the nsiEhborheod Of one hun.
dfSA dollars was subscribed by the
students Of Triadelphta district HIN
school. The students have tasen quite
an Interest in the verk SoinG en
Of aid for the sufferers Of the Near
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27

East and have made several contf'oo'
t!ons In the past.
Although Christmas has just passea
tho members Of the Philathea ciaSs W
the stone Presbyterian church haSo
decided to give tureen supper at me
church this evening. some OF we
ladies were In favor OF holding me
supper at 4 later date on account OF the
abundance Of food partaken OF on
4 supper Of the kind 10 be given wouid
prove a welcome event At any time anu
preparations for such are now uhoe'
full Roadway.
Al the last regular meeting Of the
Royal Seighbors the election otilceEs
closing Of the books for this year. The
officsfS elected for the ensuing year
are - follows; Oracle. Mrs: Clorls
Lyons: vice oracle. Mrs. Olive Wiil!ams:
past oracle. MrS Daisy Beeerot,; cnan'
mes, Miss Ella Bray; outer sentinel
Mrs. Gussis MARBLE; recorder; MIS-;
Mary Heddrich: receiver. Miss Grsthei
Heddrich: marshal and manager, MISS
Blanche Ga.y:n; Several ,o5 new a mgm,
s s wsre sddsd n 70 hs .tf soqs is to be
is,s. '' e
SriAfA
Mike Prayer OF Triadt.nhia was AZ
rented by OFFICERS McEwan ana Quit'-
gan after crashing into a. Martins ma.
chiae at the LeatheYwood bridge las'
night Prayer was charged with driE
Ing y machine while under. the inriueh's
Of liquor. , o,,
Albert Walter Of Park View. wei
known eXpressin.n spent Christmas gay
with his brother Ernest OF Akron. ONO
Miss Ann England of Az Main stree
will spend the ensuing week with ner
sister. Mrs. Richard Carter OK Elm
Grove. -.
Otficer Kramer, night p2trolman or
Film Grove, was slightly injured In an
automobile accident Saturday night.
Miss Sara L. Kidd OF Wheeling ave.
rue win spend \ lew days with her aunt
Mira !. ". smith Of Coffee Crossing. Pa
Mrs. Ella Sample Of near Cameron -
the guest Of Mrs. Edward McCausiaha
: J. 1. Sherrich and family OF West
Alexander spent Christmas day Al the
home OF 8. l.. Crider on Keys Lane.
Lester walters and wife Of Akron. %.
viii be the guess Of the former par
Avenue A. during the holidays.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
Rev. John Thomas Grove
Writes Own Obituary

Bluehc!d. W. Va. Dec. s6.-The Rev.
John Thomas Grove. rector of the Holy
Trinity Episcopal church. Bramwell.
died today al the rectory In BrNmwell.
For fifteen years In the coal felds, tho
Rev. Mr.. Grove had been the sponsor OF
everything that resembled progress and
christianity
est man In the whole section. 1t 10 said
ne could remember anything and with
only one reading could recite from mem =
ory almost any passage. When dis
charged from the hospital in Washing
ton and told he could not get we'll, the
prelate wrote his own obituary. leaving
the date Of his death to be filled In. It
was his request that tho papers print
what he had written while waiting for
death.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
RANDOLPH IS GIVEN
HONORABLE MENTION
ON CAMPS SELECTION

Harry Randolph. Bethanys brilliant
captain halfbaok during the is7: foot
ball season. has been awarded honor
able mention by Walter Camp, dean OF
American football. on his 1922 ALL
American football selections, While
the honor Is not as great as Randolph's
many friends believed ne should have
been accorded, It 10 . peculiar one be-
cause Of tho fact that 1922 marks tho
second year In succession that the
Bethany star received mention.
Randolph graduates from Bethany In
Juno. and with his passing Bethany
loses ono of its greatest athletes. He
has starred In football. baseball. basket
ball and track. and In all has proved
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
SIDING PLANNED FOR
CECIL LUMBER YARDS

ArYsnrSmsats have been completed
BY thu Cecil Lumber company TO in
stall q railroad siding 1t their plant
for the purpose Of taking care OF their
Increasing demand for building mate
rial. Rumors Of tho proposed siding
have been circulating for the past sew
eral months. but the confirmation OK
the report was not made until today.
AseordinE to General Manager J. NJ
Meek. tho fnsl survey Of the location
Of tho switch has been made by tas
Baltimore 4 Ohio. and . gang OF men
are expected to start work on the pro-
5sct In the near future.
The siding will be s,ightly over l'ooo
feet In length. and will require several
weeks work before completion. This
ianStn Of time II required because OF
tho tact that ditsiuelitss will be eneeun-
tered In raising the entire seetioa OF
track near the siding by the railroad
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
0CIAL And BUSINESS NEWS OF ELM GROVE

hismsslf . valuable man. He Is a zen
tlsman both on tho held and on. ano an
athlete any school could be proud 10
have in III enrolment.
Randolph will play baasoall WIN
Bethany this summer. and then 60 In Tor
the professional end Of the sport. IN
the fall he will enter Harvard. wheIe
no will study law. It was rumorea nsl
week that Randolph was scheduled TO
succeed D. l.. Boyd as graduate manager
Of Bethany, but this has been denied.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
M'CRECOR FUNERAL
Last Rites Held for Prominent wheel
ing Businsrs Man At his Island
HoIns Yesterday.

Final tribute to Mr.. II. P. McGresor.
prominent Wheeling business man.
whose death occurred Sunday. was paid
yesterday afternoon with services at
the Thomson NJ. r. Church. Rev. w.
z. Craig and DR.. Jacob Brittingham Of
the st. Luke's p. Z. Church. ofrtciated.
Following the services the ritual Of
the Masonic order was held. The lodge
services were in charge Of members Of
the Osiris Temple Of which Mr.. MeGre-
Gor was an active member.
The palloearers. all business associ-
ates and admirers OF tho deceased. we're:
John e. Schellhase. C. II. Merkle,
Charles Sturgis. w. E. Stone. +. p. Nc
Nell. and Cecil A. Robinson.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
1RoWNLHY kE1Y1cHs

Funeral services for Ellis ]. Brown.
ley. II years old. who died yesterday
morning at $50 o'clock after an illness
Of SIX weeks, will be held Thursday
afternoon At 2 o'clock from his late resi-
dence. No. 625 South York street, Island
Interment will follow in Greenwood
cemetery.
Mr.. BROMLEY was we'll known hero
He was born In Wellsburg and came to
this city with his parents when but a
young boy. He resided since on the
Island.
Besides his widow who was Miss
Birdie McWiillams. Mr.. Rrownley is sur
vived by one daughter and three soma
They are: Miss Josephine. Russell and
Richrad Of Wheeling and John Of Pitts
burg. Also four brothers and ono Sis
ter. Mrs Mary Porter, Marshall mad
William BROMLEY Of Washington, Pa.,
and John 70 Bridgeport. and Walter
of Fairmont.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
Nau-Wagner

The many friends Of Miss Clara Nsu.
daughter Of George Nau, prominent East
Wheeling barber will Be surprised to
learn Of her marriage TO Paul Wagner,
local taxi stand proprietor. IT Wsllseurg
yesterday afternoon. Mr.. and Mrs
Harry Havker accompanied the newly
weds to WellsburE. They returned to
this city last evening and are now At
tho home Of tho brides father on Six
teenth street whore they are receiving
the congratulations Of their many
friends,
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
MnoR oBsEouHa

This afternoon at 40 o'clock At the
family residence. No.26ls Vance avenue.
warwood. funeral services will ben con.
Quoted for Kenneth Edward Minor. two
year old son OF Mr.. and Mrs. Sidney Min
or viii died yesterday morning. Dr.. r.
B. Mcdaniel will otficiate. Burial in
Mt. Rose cemetery at Moundsv,lie.
This Is the second death to occur In
the Minor family during tthe past two
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
JAMES rITxsInaroNN.

The body Of James Ftzslmmons.
former Wheeling resident, who died In
Pittsburgh. will be brought to this city
and removed to the Altmeyer G. Mccoy
Funeral Residence where funeral serv-
ICES will be conducted.
Mt Fitzsimmons was we'll known
here. He 10 survived by . widow and .
sister. Mrs. Kate Whitney Of Pittsburgh,
md brother. Bernard of Colorado.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27

son. Ross Howe. head Of Tho Howe Ma
chine company. II grandchildren ana
six great-grand- children.
Funeral services viii be hold Thurs
day afternoon at $3.50 @clock in the late
home. DR.. c. Z. Allen. pastor OF tho
Fourth Street Methodist church, Will
have charge and !nterment viii DO MADE
In Greenwood cemetery.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
DRlScoLI EUNEGAG.

Funeral services for Mr.. William
Driscoll 81 years old. who died Sunday
following a brief illness, will be held
this morning at $3.50 o'clock at his home
On Jefferson street, Bellaire. Requiem
high mass will be celebrated at 8 o'clock
at the Bsllaire Catholic church. Burial
VIII follow In Nj Calvary cemetery.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
HRpEM SERVICES,

This afternoon at 80 o'clock at tho
St Marks Lutheran church funeral
services will be conducted for Mrs.
Caroline Schacht Herden, who died Sum
day night at the home Of her daughter,
Mrs. Elmer E. Ramsay, at JacobsburS.
Ohio. Rev. +. G. Alpers will ofhciate
Interment In Greenwood cemetery.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
weeks. Another son succumbed
melsles:


Mrs. Matilda Howard Of Bsnweod.
Richard B. Turner. $50 Market street
II. p. MoGregor. North Front street.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
Wednesday, Dec. ~

Tho Nut"-Star, Douglas Fair
banks, a United Artists picture,
and a two-reel Bison. Law OF the
Sea-"
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27
Tuesday, Dec. 20

Tho Kick Back"-star. Harry
Carey. an R C. picture. and TWO
reel Timber Queen No. 8.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27

Married y1apper-etaf. Mt
Provost q Univefsal' picture. e4d
Buffalo Bill No. : and . ee0e11
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-12-27

Saturday, Dec. 50
"CouraSs'-Stlf, sidney yraAk:
lin, Q First NauonAl plet1fA -
. two resi- comedy. s1Aoet Rea1aS
The log cabin Democrat., 1922-01-10
No Time for s Precedent

A negro couple, about middle age presented themselves to justice of the peace the other day for the mar riage ceremony. After they were duly pronounced man and wife, Mandy drew away to one side while Jack paid the justice When they were out in the hall Mandy inquired:
 "What'd you-all pay dat man fer marvin us?"
 "Jes what he said it was wuth," Jack replied.
 Well. what-an did lie say it was wuth?9 Mandy insisted.
 Five dollah>,' Jack informed her.
 Five douahs ;" exclaimed Mandy. Man, man dat ain't no way 10 do authn', You-all 70 right back dar and give dat r.arryin-man another five dollahs. Dis : de third time Ah been married ar Ah a!nt nevah vet been married f. less 'en teu dollaAs, and An ain.t gonna stat now .'-kan- Sas City Star.
The log cabin Democrat., 1922-01-10
WHEN ROMANS RULED PARIS
Masters of the World Left Many Traces Of Their Occupation of the
 French Capital.

"Nothing has been spared to make the Pafais des Thermes a truly splen- <ttd abode. An agueduct brought pure and wholesome water from the springs of Rungis, that is about three leagues from the center of Paris. For the longest part of its course it was un- derground, but it crossed the valley 0f Arcueii bN a series of high arches, some foundations of which time has respected, admirably constructed and finished like the walls of the hall of ThermeS De Guilheuny
 N B.-The Roman remains. always known as Palais des Thermes. in the garden adjoining the Hotel de Cluny, probably belong to buildings erected A. D BOO. when Paris was a Gallo Roman town, by ConSlantiuS Chorus it Aas been sometimes affirmed that Emperor Julian the Apostate was proclaimed and resided here, but il is fsr more probable that he lived on the island in the Seine. and that these buildings were simply those of mag of the baths is d great hall, decided to have been the frigidarium which Is exceedingly massive and majestic; of the tepidarium. only the ruined walls remain-"Walks In Paris" Augustus !. c. Hare
The log cabin Democrat., 1922-01-10
BETROTHED AT ELEVEN YEARS
Anne of Austria a Mere Child When Her Marriage to King of France
 Was Arranged.

Anne of Austria. whose full name was Marie Anne Mauricette, was the daughter of Philip III of Spain and Marguerite Of Austria Her marriage to Louis NH, king of France, was ar ranged by the rulers of the two coun- tries to bind them together. Anne was but eleven years old when she was hetrothed to Louis. which plainly proves that she did not marry from choice.
 The marriage ceremony took place in France. Louis was unable to meet his conSort when she arrived in France, >o he sent his favorite. Luyne>. to meet her with a note from his majesty. Al this time the dark cloud, of nnhappiness which were to mar their furure married life were hot Ni>ihsc. and Anne sent in answer to leaiS' 1aHant note charmia. ue>sa 1e in her own musical language
 Th5 intriGue> of state were far too sinister to allow much marital joy for the royal couple. Personal inter- ests were >wamped in the court inter- ests Anne outlived her husband, who left q son and heir to the throne of France. She was very sad at the death of Louis. who seemed to have a place in her heart, even though she had not married him from choice.
The log cabin Democrat., 1922-01-10
Too Much Expected Of Milk.

The use of milk as food has been 90 extensively exploited by the milk interests that there exists a somewhat erroneous idea about it which a recent spesker, before the American Pedia- tKte society. is endeavoring to correct. These errors principally concern the group of children between the ages of one and six years. These errors might be classified under the headings :. 1. Prolonged use of milk as an ex- csux!ye article of diet. .. Increa sed quantities of milk given along with ether foods. Milk might not only be Sseo too long as an exclusive article of diet and in excessive quantities with other foods, but its nutritional value might be injured by boiling The SAity were taught, and rightly se. that sniIs was an ideal breeding place for germs, and that the growth of these germs might te inhibited by keep sOg the milk on ice or the milk might be brought to q boil The use of boiled milk was becoming more prevalent and many injuries to nutrition oc- cured.
The log cabin Democrat., 1922-01-10
PUT ANTIQUARIANS IN FLURRY
Historic Old English Building, Long Hidden Under Improvements"
 Recently Brought to Light.

Lost for centuries, building of his toric and civic importance was dis covered at Hereford, England, owing to the collapse of a modern chimney in the Booth Hall hotel during repairs. The building Is an ancient. timber built structure known as the Booth Hall. According to local antiquarians license was granted in 1884 for the purchase of the site for municipal building. and 1t was afterward used as a house of detention for freemen and bankrupts. When the chimney col lapsed parts of the roof and the cell ings of upper bedrooms were brought down. and some fine oak beams and rafters were exposed Closer exami- nation showed the portions of carved and nodded work. A member of the Hereford Woolhope club. local soci- ety whose chief interest Is the preser- vation of ancient work of the county, persuaded the owners to restore the building, and after the partitions and ceilings of the old attic bedrooms had been removed three handsome ham, mer-heam principals and two tie-beam principals were discovered. the ham, mer-heams having carved brackets, with fgureheadS. and the tie-beam principals with paneled king posts contained beautiful tracery panels Cusped wind-hraces between the prin- cipals decorate and strengthen the structure