davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-02-23

Needless 10 say. President Austin
slel ped Oh the gas hard when he
made his welcome speech. II n
fumored that he told 'cm that the
o c, w. Is absolutely the greatest
institution In the state Of Oklahoma.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-02-23

Wen say the bankers wero a pref.
~ well.bohaycd lot of fellows. Dlg
lion didn't have 20 deal with them.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-02-23

For one thing, Mayor coffman
don't mind telling 'cm that they
were at liberty TO do most anything
~ long an they didn't start a riot
or shoot up the town.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-02-23
EXPRESS PAcKAcRTTEs

II a fellcf'n home IL happy.
lie can meet with smiling face
The troubles and the hothora
That happen any place.
Anon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

first years supplies have.been pro-
vided in some cases.
= 4
UTHE Russian refugees Of Con-
stantinople and those of Anto-
soni and Haiku are practically all
cultured people. nearly all aristocrats.
though they do their best to keep
their identities in the background.
They are my friends. I do not 60
among them as charity worker, but
as friend making little social call.
They all have a remarkable spirit Of
optimism and their philosophy is
quite pathetic, for they never COM
plain Of the fate that has overtaken
them. The most they do say under
stress IL 1T Is q little dificult, but it
might be so much worse! 1t takes
optimism to live in tents without fire
through the winters cold, to put
through long evenings without light,
TO sleep on the damp ground. to live
on one potato a day for weeks, to do
without soap. to wash clothes in ice
cold water and not complain, espe-
cialIy when the future holds out no
Of anything better than
years OF hardship. privation and exile.
But they cling tenaciously to, the be-
lief that they will >ons day all go
home to Russia and take up their
lives again. when shelter. had to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

the class mammals that lived along
with the glyptodons in lower South
America. 1t was ponderous land
mammal. related to the sloths and
ant-eaters, and we have discovered
not a few remains in the bone caves
of certain parts of South America.
The remains collected by Sir Wood
bine Parish were discovered in the
river Salado, which runs through the
fiat alluvial plains tpampas to the
south of the city of Buenos Aires
(1S32). The megatherium possessed a
skeleton as big as Jumbo, the monster
elephant 1t had length of nearly
twenty feet and was an animal of ire
mendous strength. especially in its
hind parts. 1t was strong enough TO
pull over a tree of no small size. to
feed upon its leaves and fruit should
it have any.
THESE great sloths had no teeth
in the upper jaw. and Sir Wood
bine Parish was of the opinion that
they fed on the agave, or American
aloe. DR.. Hutchinson. who has given
US several works on Extinct Mon
sters," says Of the mesatherium that
after reading these descriptions It is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

has been absorbed into the popula-
ton Of the Balkan states. Both ST.
IBERIA and Bulgaria have been glad
to get the Russian soldier refugees
as auxiliaries to their armies. to use
them as border police and constabu-
larry, while the civilians have been
put on the road building.
ZEN. wRANGLE had promised his
" men that he would be the last
Russian among them to leave Con-
stantinople, and he kept his word.
Just how much Of the traditions, GUS
toms and ideals Of their new homes
these Russians will absorb and the
effect Of the new environment will
have upon their strong nationalistic
temperament is question for the
future to decide.
notwithstanding all this aid. the
Russian refugee problem in Constan-
tinople is not yet solved. nor even in
the way Of solution. as $4,000 remain.
more than half Of whom are totally
dependent owing to old age. tubercu-
losis. infancy and the crippled condi-
ton of the war veterans. For these
the outlook for supplies il so serious
that the relief committee has con-
Guided to limit the free feeding to the
women ana children, leaving the men.
70 matter how deserving, to look out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

keen edge Of their terror so notice.
able in each fresh group that escapes
from Russia. Many Of them have
been fusitives in flight for four years.
travelling down from the north Of
Russia, never having been allowed to
stay more than q week or 50 in one
place before being bounded out by the
bolshevik. Some Of them have been
through such terrible experiences
that one wonders how they relate the
details 50 calmly. Some have wit
messed the torture and execution Of
their men, others mourn daughters.
whose fate has been too horrible for
words, and they have lived through
it all. but their sense Of emotion
seems dead. They have suffered past
the point Of feeling Or expression.
IA frequent occurrence has been
to have \ man or woman apply tor
work or help and drop from exhaus-
ton and die before anything could be
done Tor them. But the most piteous
Of all are the ones who will not ac-
Dept charity. who do not allow their
condition to overcome their pride and
die in silence Of hunger"
what of the education OF the
ohildrsn?" Mrs. stearns was asked.
EDUCATION IL very important ana
some small schools are now being
started, but educationy- clothing. work,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02
SCIENTIST. SAYS THERE is
NO CHANCE OF FINDING PLESIOSAURUS
xpEDToN Into Northern PATAGONIA Searching Animal Heretofore Only Known by
- Fossils Will Fail According
AHsnhonWhere and When These Animals! Mammals Of South America

not difficult to form a mental picture
Of the great beast laying siege 10
tree. and to conceive the massive
frame OF the megatherium convulsed
with the mighty wrestling, every vi
bratins fiber reactinE upon its bony
attachment with the force of a hun
bred giants; extraordinary must be
the strength and proportions OF the
tree IL, when rocked to and fro, 10
right and left, in such an embrace, it
can long Withstand the efforts of Its
assailant. It yields, the roots ny UP.
the earth is scattered wide upon the
surrounding foliage. and the tree
comes down with a laundering crash.
cracking and swapping the great
hpughs like glass. Then the coveted
food is within reach. and the giant
reaps the reward Of his herculesn la
bors"
1t is possible that a mesatherium
co-existed with the very earliest
types of man, but they have been ut
terly extinct for thousands of years,
the largest species having existed in
South America They occurred as far
north in This country as the shores
of Georgia and South Carolina, and
LIE Conte tells us that lat the mouth
of the Savannah river the remains of
several individuals of a species OF
this genius have been found" The
present expedition runs about as
much chance of meeting with a liv-
ing specimen Of the megatheriun as
would an expedition fitted out to ex-
plore the least known areas of the
District Of Columbia have OF meet
ing with a wild American buffalo. an
animal that formerly herded in such
parts in thousands.
There is absolutely no chance
whatever of the South American ex-
petition now in the field meeting
with such an animal as plesio-
saurus. 1t fourished in the age OF
reptiles. and has probably been ut
terly extinct for nigh two million
years. The creature was a ponderous
aquatic saurian (see cut), and. as
the late DR.. lie Conte has said, ''it
was remarkable for its short, stout
and almost turtle-shaped body; its
long. snakeiike neck. consisting of
twenty to forty vertebrae: its small
head. its short tail. unsdapted for
powerful propulsion; its long and
powerful paddles. which were its sole
swimming organs, and its bi-conclave
vertebral bodies" One species found
in Great Britain wonderful fossil
was nearly thirty feet in length.
and possessed paddles about seven
feet long.
The late Prof. Sir Richard Owen
was Of the opinion that these greas
aquatic. Iizardlike animals had smco+;l
skins like a porpoise and were very
lonelived. They existed ages upon ages
before man appeared upon this
planet, became utterly extinct many.
many thousands Of years ago and
are now only known through the fine
fossils we find of them in the de-
posits of the geological age in which
they existed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

by the government at that time, he
was forced to learn to fly at his own
expense on the unsafe machines then
available. Succeeding in this. he or
ganized the First Aero Company OF
the New York National Guard. in
spite Of apparently insuperable diff
culties.
To find time for flying it is said he
often left his home in Greenwich at
am. flew to Mineola. where he at
tended to his air service duties. and
then took train to town for his own
work of the day. During this time
he allowed himself practically no
time for amusement, and as soon as
America entered the war did not
hesitate to leave home and family
and business and professional OPP
portunity to enter the struggle.
The spring Of 1917 found him mus
tered into the Army as a captain of
the officers reserve corps. But his
knowledge of aeronautics and the
activity which had brought him to
the front in the preparation of the
air service campaign enabled him to
secure permission to organise the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

in certain parts of Texas. There is
extant an extremely interesting lit
erature on these remarkable extinct
animals, and it has come from the
pens OF both American and conti-
mental authors. Some of the types
had much about them to remind one
of a gigantic tortoise. especially sucn
species rs could retract the head within
the she'll, and possessed an abdomi-
nal bony plate, together with eharac-
tiers in the feet evidently turtle like.
They were toothless and doubtless
had many most interesting anatomi-
cal characters. They came in with
the age Of mammals in South Amer
lea, but are now utterly extinct and
have been for a few thousand years.
Their remains occur in the bone
caves Of certain parts of South
America, mingled with those of other
animals also long since extinct. 1t
IL a question whether the glyptodon
existed up to the period when man
appeared in that part Of South Amer
lea where 1t lived. 1t possibly may
have, as other early quaternary ami
mails doubtless did.
Passing to the megatherium, we
have another monster extinct type of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

found for 50 many there could be but
little or no choice Of places. and any
thing with or without a roof was
utilized.
There il one large caravan shed
or stable-karavan serai, they call
it-where 1.4O0 people Nave been
quartered. One small corner Of this
huge E-shaped. mud walled covered
barracks is curtained off with old
burlap so as to make a more private
sleeping place for the sixteen women
and ten children who belong to this
group. The center space. which for
merly was used by the muieteers and
camel drivers to store their packs. is
now the assembly or mess hall, where
each man fixes his own meager meal.
Back against the walls are the
stalls or rude booths used for the
drivers. Each man marks out his AL
lotted sleeping space in this Enclosure
by a row Of pebbles pounded into the
earth. That to him is all that he can
now call home. He rolls up in his
overcoat. IL he happens to have one.
or in any nondescript covering he
can And, and sleeps on the ground
Every day is the same as the one be-
fore it-no papers. no books. no COM
forts, nothing but a weary search for
work, which is not to be found. One
man has been made commander OF
this little colony. He arranges de-
bates, story feelings and band con-
certs by q small group among them
who use primitive musical instru-
ments which they have made. These
rather pitiful attempts to entertain
each other are much enjoyed.
UN-O. they do not talk much, but
~ they appear to have lost the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

for themselves. except those who are
i'll.
From Mrs. Foster Stearns. wife of
the secretary of the United States
embassy in Constantinople, who re-
Gently returned to this country, many
interesting facts have been obtained
relative to the refugees of these col
onles. She is the daughter of Prof.
Genung Of Amherst College, and she
rendered tireless service for the ref
ugees as the volunteer secretary to
the Red Cross and in assisting Ad-
mira1 Bristol in the establishment Of
the disaster relief committee. She is
conversant with every phase of the
refugee situation in Turkey and has
camps, hospitals. schools and feeding
stations where the refugees are cared
for. Regarding the people in whom
she Isl SO deeply interested, Mrs.
Stearns spoke with enthusiasm:
Il find there Is a false impression
here in America, and I desire to cor
rect it. The Russians refugees are
not lazy, nor are they stupid-enly
starved, Twelve thousand OF Wran-
giles army quickly became self-sup-
porting. The Red Cross alone placed
about 1000 OF them on their feet in
500 vocations. showing a versatility
and energy that proves that the Rus
sian needs opportunity. But when
they have systematically starved for
two years on one meager meal day
they cannot hold down any Job for
any length of time that calls for en-
durance or great physical strength.
and their inevitable collapse is not
malnutrition. Fifteen hundred fam
ilies have been placed on farms in
Thrace. Tools, seeds and even the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02
Boiling Statue Unveiled at Greenwich, Conn.

First Reserve Aero Squadron from
men recruited in New York city. He
was then called TO Washington. where
his legal and business training were
devoted to the preparation OF legis-
gram was founded.
When it became apparent that only
by obtaining the most complete in
formation from the allies air service
could the American aviation pro-
gram become effective, Boiling was
logically sent to Europe at the head
OF an aeronautical mission for the
purpose of formulating a program OF
manufacture that would contribute
most toward the allied cause. This
work lasted until August Is, 1917.
1t 10 reported that the mission ac-
complished its purpose and estab-
lished relations which would have
been impossible without the clear
vision and personal power OF Col
Boiling.
THE submission of his final report
led TO his being placed in charge
Of all air service matters within the
zone Of the interior, A. z. F. His
title was later changed to assistant
chief Of air service. lines of COM
munication, and his duties covered
all air service activities except the
zone Of advance. His work covered
practically the creation of the entire
combat arm. and it is impossible TO
enumerate the difficulties Of this un-
q II I'M ~
planes and equipment from European
governments. forwarding to the
United States information as to ma
terials and types of airplanes. motors.
ETC.: distribution OF raw materials
furnished by the United States and
the allies air service, the establish
ment Of training schools and the crea-
tion of a personnel to carry out the
activities form only a part of the
work involved.
Col. Boiling was then assigned to
the headquarters of the British
royal air force to study operations.
and when the British line at Amiens
crumbled during the great German
drive in March, 1918, when for the
first time in warfare there was pre-
scheCo ehO piooiSAi Va hdHdiiue ING
air service in a war Of movement, he
threw himself into the thick Of the
fight in order to get frst-nand rn-
formation. One day he started out
from Amiens in a motor driven by
his military chauffeur to his observa-
ton duty at the front, and. according
to Information received months
later, they ran into a machine-gun
ambuscade. The car being disabled.
he commanded his chauffeur to jump.
and the two escaped the hail Of bull
lets by occupying adjoining shell
holes. At the same instant that Col.
Boiling shot q German oficer who
was firing at the chauffeur one of
many German officers sent a bullet
through his heart.
The chauffeur was captured and
taken to Germany, and the story of
Col Bolling's death was not known
until the return OF the chauffeur
from q German prison camp.
Lord Northcliffe voiced the feel
ings of many leaders OF the allied
service by saying. Boiling is OUT best"
And the self-sacrifice OF one of such
character and personal worth should
be a fitting dedication Of the first
American airway.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02
BY DIR. R.w. sHUrELDr. G. M. 2. 8.

BY DR.. R.w. sHUFELDr. G. M. q. 9.
10 general has been the interest
taken in the extraordinary ex-
petition now in the field In
- northern Patagonia IN search
Of an animal or animals heretofore
only known from fossils that . re-
view of what has taken place up TO
date is quite unoallsd for: but. upon
the other hand, not one lay reader
In q thousand has the slightest mo-
ton of either the histories or the
appearances Of the animals sought
by the scientific expedition sent out
from Buenos Aires by Prof. Clement
Onelli.
Be it known there are three ami
mails that have been mentioned, any
one Of which, the South American
scientists claim, may be the one that
has excited this world wide interest
and resulted in equipping the most
remarkable expedftionary OUTFIT in
the history OF biological science.
The majority Of reports have 1t that
p1eisiosaurus is the most likely
form to be discovered should any
creature Of the three that have been
suggested be in existence ana re-
ward the search Of the explorers. In
other quarters, on the other hand. 1t
is contended that a pleisosaurus is
out OF the question and that every
thing points to the megatherium as
the only animal that could have been
observed by the one who brought
in the original report. Finally. still
others claim that neither a pleis:o-
saurus nor a megatherium 10 to be
thought of in the connection, ana
that should any archaic species be
discovered it surely will prove to be
glyptodon.
PERSONALLY, / am Of the opinion
that mono Of these three ancient
forms will be discovered and that the
expedition will no more meet with
them than it will run the chance Of
finding the mythical keel Of Noah's
ark. However, it will surely not
come ar1iiss At this time to let in q
little light upon what we really know
about the above mentioned forms up
to date.
When the report first came in and
began to circulate among scientists
Of Argentina the opinion was gen.
orally expressed th&t. were there
anything in the tale. the animal
would prove to be q slyptodon. At
the time these creatures dourished
there were several different species
of glyptodon. The remains Of one
was discovered many years ago in
Buenos Aires. and when living it had
a body as big as an OK. There is
every reason to believe that these
glyptodons were the early ancestors
of the existing armadillos. an average
one Of the latter being about the
size Of an opossum. Their bodies are
covered above by q bony shell. trans
versely tointed, % they possessed the
power Of rolling up into a ball, and
when one OF them rssorted to this
tho body was protected at all points.
No glyptedon could perform SUCH
q feat as this, but its head and tail
were protected by dense bony plates
Extinct glyptodons have been found
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02
"High.Speed Steel"

"H1GH-sPEED STEEL" for cuttine
tools has been we'll known for
years, and an improved form of this
material has been introduced in Shelf
field, England. 1t is reported that
this steel has four times the cutting
power OF any other in use. The com :
position is, it appears, still q secret.
but It is said to be the first "hikh.
speed STEEL that can be hardened II,
cold water without danger. 1t can
also be hardened with oil or in 4 cold
blast. Tools made Of It wear out
much less rapidly ana require much
less grinding than those made OF tha
older kinds Of steel. They will Also 10
On working At 4 high temperature
longer. But the nhAksra themselves n y
that this steel does not by any means
mark the Anal development Of .hirh.
speed STEEL"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02

solicitor OF this great organization
At the age OF thirty-five, and by his
continued study Of the Industrial
problems Of the day contributed much
to their settlement in the interests of
the employees. He was married in
1910 and lived with his wife and four
children In Greenwich, Conn.
The world calamity of 1914 made
its call to him as an extremely busy
and successful lawyer. The first shot
fred in Europe was his clarion, and
in spite Of arduous legal duties he
had always maintained q keen inter.
&st in military affairs. He had been
1 member OF Squadron A Of the New
York National Guard and excelled in
horsemanship and shooting. He con-
sidered that American Intervention
was inevitable and spoke and wrote
vigorously in accordance with his
ideals.
r h
IN 1915 he organized q motor ma
= chine gun company and was also
instrumental In establishing an air
service training school at .Mineela.
Ii. As no provision had been made
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02
Weathering of Coal.

TT is probably not generally known
= That coal exposed to the Atmos-
phsre undereoes chemical chanses
greatly affecting its quality. Mois.
turs IL the most powerful agent IN
producing such changes. It IL 4 mat
ter Of common knowledge among
men engaged In the making of
Illuminating gas that coal that has
bean stored FOR = long time expert
eness . loss Of hydrocarbons, and the
effects Of the change are shown in a
diminution Of the volume Of the coal
and In 4 loss Of Illuminating power
in the sAs produced from it. suc,,
chemical changes occurring in great
masses OF coal may even produce suf-
ficient accumulation Of heat to cause
spontaneous combustion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1922-04-02


Boiling statue in Greenwich,
Conn, brings to mind the man
i whose memory has already
been perpetuated by the Washington
aviation center. Boiling Field. bear
ing his name. Although Boiling Field
is becoming known throughout the
world as terminal of the Arst Amer
lean airway, the personality OF the
man after whom it was named ana
the fact that he was the first Ameri-
can oficer Of high rank to give his
life in the war are not generally
known.
1t is said that only those who ex-
perienced with him the trials ana
hardships Of establishing the air
force in Europe can appreciate the
loss that his heroic death meant to
the growing United States air service.
Born in Arkansas in 1877. RaynAl
cawthorne Boiling moved east as
boy with his family. He entered Har-
ward University. graduating with honors
from the academic department and
from the Harvard Law School. He
anpearAd to be marked for leader
ship even in his college days. being
intensely active mentally and physi-
cally and possessing charming per-
sonality. Those who knew him say
that his energy and force OF charac-
ter Influenced every one with wnom
he came in contact.
I.THouoH 4 fine, intellectual
A worker, he was essentially an
outdoor man, trained and hardy In
hodv- vet Of a sensitive ana sympa-
thetio nature. with Will that fofceo
to action in spite Of delicate, Nigh
strung nerves.
II "a An axiom in aviation circles
that q good horseman can be 4 good
aviator. and no doubt the influence
Of Col. Bollings life in the west
which bred In him the love OF horse
nAnship AZ we'll as other manual
aports, was the best basis for the
mental and physical training required
for the part he was destined to play
in life. However, only to the extent
that. this love Of physical activity
and snort fitted him for the more
serious affairs aid he allow them to
enter his life. 1t was his ideal to be
A. for whatever might be done
which was also Lincoln's ideal-thAt
maintained the health and energy
which make the corner stone OF char
acter and the key to success OF any
kind.
Going to New York In 1s02, he be-
gan his career as an unknown lawyer
BY entering the law department Of
the United States Steel Corporation.
He advanced rapidly, became general