davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31
Farm Work For June.

What cay in the year is worth
most on Southern farm? l think it
is the average day of the first half
of June or the latter half Of May.
Can other readers of The Progressive
Farmer nominate any other average
day as including more work to be
done? At this season there is real
jam of work, not exceeded in conges-
tion by the grain harvest season on
a Western grain farm. For not only
must cultivation be promptly done
lest moisture be lost or weeds become
unduly large but there is grain to
harvest before rain, and land to be
prepared for summer forage crops
before the ground becomes too dry.
L. Cultivation.
Corn and cotton make chief de-
mands for cultivation, and it is a
matter requiring good judgment each
day of this busy season to determine
which should be titled first. When the
rush is especially urgent probably the
wisest course is to follow the exam
ple of some of the old farmers, in
cultivating every alternate middle,
thus holding at least part of the
moisture Till the other half of the
surface can be stirred.
As to method of tillage. My OBJ
servation is that in shallowness OF
cultivation mad thoroughness of weed
destruction, the methods practiced
by the best Southern farmers are
more thorough and commendable
than those methods Of cultivation
generally practiced in the Corn Belt.
However, in one important detail
they have us completely beaten. This
is in their customary use of two
horse cultivators and even of two-roW
cultivators, while we are too general
" content with such work as can be
done by one mule. Now that cotton
has risen to the point that has
brought about many sales, is it not
a good time to consider whether the
use of some of this cash may not be
for the purchase of two-horse cul-
tivator?
II.-Harvesting
1t is chiefly at the time of harvest
ing grain or hay that l almost envy
the Western farmer his absence OF
rain, in spite of his consequent pay
ment of water rent or irrigation tax
of several dollars per acre. But oats
or other grain must be cut with such
selection of weather as the judgment
or the foresight of each farmer may
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31

....nsr weather damage. After Try
ing nearly every common plan--but
only farmer fashion" and not as ac-
curate experiments-the writer is
not yet prepared to say which method
of shocking is best. On the one hand
there is the plan favored by some
farmers in Louisiana of merely stand
ing four bundles together without
Gaping; here the reliance is wholly
upon prompt drying after rains. On
the other hand there is the usual
method of setting up large shocks as
well capped as possible, the latter af-
fording brighter colored grain if all
goes we'll, but in protracted wet
weather these shocks are liable to
greater weather damage than are the
small uncapped shocks. The latter,
however, require the prompt reset
ting of each fallen shock, which in
deed should be the case whatever the
method employed.
One method of protecting shocked
oats that the writer has employed,
and that he considers practicable for
those farms having sufficient capital
for complete equipment and for
growing considerable acreages of
both grain and leguminous hay, is
tn, use of hay caps of cotton duck. l
do not, of course, recommend their
purchase at this late date and prob
ably only when the price Of cotton
duck is exceedingly low.
In spite of the rush of other work,
prompt thresting of oats is desirable,
at least in the satisfaction that it
gives. With wheat there is still anoth-
er urgency for prompt. threshing
This is because the tiny grain moths
quickly attack shocked wheat and
their larvae may seriously damage
it if threshing and fumigation in
tight bins be unduly delayed.
III.-Boll Weevils.
June is the month in which we ex-
pect, after the weather conditions
of the past winter and spring, to find
great number of boil weevils on the
young cotton, unless the weather con-
ditions for the next few weeks should
be adverse to them.
If they appear in spots or in small
numbers, it will probably pay us as
heretofore to pick the weevils from
the young plants before squaring,
and, if there be an abundance Of
cheap labor, to pick the first infested
squares. Apparently the tendency is
towards increasing reliance upon
busting with calcium arsenate and it
would seem wise for much more gen
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31

ly late and to a far less extent than
injury to cowpeas. Mention of these
facts will enable each farmer to make
his own choice between these substi-
tutes.
AS we struggle each June with the
congestion of work in this month,
largely due to the necessity for sum-
mer blowing plowing for the hay
crops mentioned, we have strong
incentive to examine our several sys-
TENS of farm management to deter
mine whether under the conditions Of
the individual farm it might not be
possible to avoid much of this June
blowing. In general the most practi-
cable method of reducing it consists
of substituting lespedeza for the le-
gumes mentioned above. AS the lespe-
deza seed are sowed on the growing
grain in early sprnig, plowing for this
crop in June is avoided. Of course
the methods heretofore in general use
have not resulted in lespedeza grow
ing tall enough on many soils for
cutting. If this be permanent con-
dition the next alternative is to make
such changes in the farming plan as
to increase the amount of livestock
and thus be able advanteously to
Utilize lespedeza for pasturage.
V.-The Garden.
No blowing in June is worth so
much per acre as that done in the gar
den. Here doubtless turnips, mustard,
and numerous other winter and spring
vegetables have passed maturity and
need to be plowed under, together
with weeds in preparation for the
vegetables that should constitute a
large part of the support of the fam
ily in late summer and early fall.
The list is not confined merely to
corn, butter beans, tomatoes, and
okra, though it would be far better
to have the summer garden occupied
entirely by these plants than to neg
lect it. Horticulturists will doubtless
suggest in the columns of The Pro-
gressive Farmer number of other
garden seeds that should be planted
this month. Let such list include
along with the choicer vegetables the
old standby, the collard, even though
winter comes there may be such va
riety of more tempting "greens" that
the collard may be partly relegated
to the hogs and the cows.-Progress-
i've Farmer.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
Application For Discharge

In the District Court of the United
States For the Western Dis
trict of South Carolina
IN THE MATTER OF
Victor Daitch, Edgefeld, S. c., Bank
rupt.
No. B-387 in Bankruptcy
To the creditors of the above named
Bankrupt:
Take notice that on May 8, 1922,
the above named bankrupt filed his
petition in said Court praying that he
may be decreed by the Court to have
a full discharge from all debts prov
able against his estate, except such
debts as are excepted by law from
such discharge, and hearing was
thereupon ordered and will be had
upon said petition on June 8, 1922
before said Court, at Greenville in
said District, at IL o'clock in the
forenoon, at which time and place all
known creditors and other persons
in interest may appear and show
cause, if any they have, why the
prayer of said petition should not be
granted.
D. C. DURHAM,
Clerk.
Dated at Greenville, S. c.,
May 8, 1922.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31
Abbeville-Greenwood Mu.
tuaI Insurance Asso-
citation.
ORGANIZED 1892.

Property Insured $17,226, 600.
/; WRITE OR CALL on the under
signed for any information you may
desire about our plan of insurance.
. We insure your property against
destruction by
FIRE, WINDSToRM, or LIGHT
MING
and do so cheaper than any Com
pany in existence.
Remember, we are prepared TO
prove to you that ours is the safest
and cheapest plan of insurance
known.
Our Association is now licensed
to write Insurance in the counties OF
Abbeville, Greenwood, Mccormick,
Edgefeld, Laurens, Saluda, Rich
land, Lexington, Calhoun and Spar
tanburg, Aiken, Greenville, Pickens,
Barnwell, Bamberg, Sumter, Lee,
Clarendon, Kershaw, Chesterfield.
The officers are: Gen. ]. Fraser
Lyon, President, Columbia, S. c.,
j. r. Blake, Gen. Agent, Secretary
and Treasurer, Greenwood, S. G.
DIRECTORS
A. O. Grant, Mt. Carmel. S. C..
j. M. Gambrell, Abbeville, S. C.
J. R. Blake, Greenwood, s. c.
A. W. Youngblood, Dodges, S. G.
R. H. Nicholson, Edgefeld, S. c.
J Fraser Lyon, Columbia, S. c.
W. C. Bates, Batesburg, S. G.
W. d. Wharton, Waterloo, S. G.
]. R. BLAKE,
General Agent.
Greenwood, s. C.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31

v-Ufle memUeIS Oh CNe
intercollegiate debating teams COM
posed of C. j. Allen, H. M. Reaves,
E. F. Haight and N. D. Zimmerman.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31
Honorary Degrees Given by
Furman.

Greenville, May 25.-Six honor
degrees were conferred, SO diplomas
awarded and medal winners of the
year announced at the final COM
mencement exercises of Furman uni
versity held today and attended by
a large crowd.
The event brought to close Fur
mans best session, the graduating
class being the largest in history and
the total enrolment being the larg-
est the university has ever had.
The honorary degrees were con-
ferred as follows: Prof. Charles Love
Durham of Cornell university, doctor
of literature; the Rev Croswell Nc
Bee of Devon, Pa, doctor of divin-
ity; the Rev. Waddy Hampton Hud-
son, missionary to China, doctor of
divinity; William Capers Miller, law
yer of Charleston, doctor of laws;
Federal Judge Henry Hit Watkins
of Anderson, doctor of laws, and Jas
per Adams Campbell of New York,
honorary master of arts. All of those
upon whom degrees were conferred
are Furman alumni.
Medals for the year were awarded
as follows: Durham medal for best
senior class orator, to Albert Elias
Tibbs of Great Falls. The Feaster ex-
cellence medal, offered to the student
adjudged filling best those require
ments of Christian character, scholar
ship, college activities and general
culture, was awarded to Howard M.
Reaves of Union. The Wharton medal
for best declaimer of the freshman
class was awarded to Remington T.
Chewing of Newport News, Va.
The Endell medal for the best de-
claimer of the sophomore class was
awarded to R. T. Hallam of Pickens.
The Mcmillan medal for the best de-
claimer of the junior class was award
ed to N. D. Zimmerman of Edgefeld.
The faculty. Echo medal offered to
the student having the best contribu-
tion of the year in the monthly pub
lication of the college, was awarded
to C. j. Allen of Latta, a member of
L
offered by the faculty for the best
translation appearing in The Echo
during the year was awarded to D.
S. Burnside of Greenwood. The
Feaster orators medal for the stu
dent winning the inter-society de-
bate was awarded to C. j. Allen of
Latta. The SIN piece offered by
n to the student
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1922-05-31

ne best article on
to G. F. Posey
;hman debating
,ffered to the best
shman class, was
mallwood of Lau-
nors for debating
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06
WAkWuuUD
Kings Daughters Meeting,

The fRst meeting since the summer
months OF the Kings Daughters was
held last evening at the home or MISS
Nellie More on Warwood avenue. .iftcr
the business session a very pleasing
program was rendered aud social time
enjoyed. Dainty refreshments were
served.
Ttve Hundred Club.
The members of the Warwood Five
Hundred Club will meet this afternoon
at the homo OF Mrs. John Kenny. Cards
will be the pleasant diversion until
o'clock when a delicious chicken sup
per was served Amony those who
will be present are: Mesdames william
Anderson. James Edwards, William
jackson. Howard Miller. Russell Steers.
Albert Schoffer. Charles Klein, Louis
Dawson and John kenney.
Dinner for Guests.
Mr. and Mrs. Howard Wylcs. Jr. Will
entertain few guests with chicken
waffle dinner at Nelson's Inn at ST.
Clatrsville this evening in honor OF Mr.
and Mrs. Fred Myles of Dayton. O..
who are visiting here. Those present
will be Messrs and Mesdames Fred
Myles. John Cummins. George Miller
and Howard Myles, Jr.
School Opens
Yesterday all the Warwood schools
opened after the summer vacation. Very
few new teachers were seen but there
were quite a number OF new students.
School will begin this year at $40 and
close at $50 in tho high schol. very
large enrolment is expected both ~
the grades and high schol.
Bible Glass Meeting.
The woman's Bible Class Of the Pres
byterian church will hold their first
fall meeting Thursday evening at the
church. AS this Is the first meeting
and plans for next month made. All
members are urged TO attend. After
the business session a delightful social
time Will be enjoyed. The hostesses
are Mesdames Charles Henderson. L.
3. McNickle and R. II. Mcclure
W. H Z,
The members OF the W. II. l.. Club
met last evening at the home of Mrs
c. L. Helm on Ohio avenue. Plans were
made to hold supper in the near
future. Mrs. Geo. Minor presided at
the business session after which a
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06
ROTARY PLACE OF
MEETING CHANGED

Owing to the fair and the consequent
congestion in local hotels the meeting
n,,ce of the wheeling Rotary club was
transferred yesterday from the Mcclure
hotel to the dining room Of the Cnited
PRESBYTERIAN church. The kings
daughters class acted as host ana pro-
yided an entertaining program.
John c. Davis, vice-president OF the
club, presided at the meeting IN inc
absence Of President ]. B. Baum snort
addresses were delivered by DR.. Charles
Robinson. DR.. Thomas Downing ana
1oseph r. NayIor. Several musical sell
octions we're rendered by the orchestra
If the United Presbyterian sunday
school.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06

social time was enjoyed on tempting
Cupid Club.
The members of the Cupid Gun Jour
rcycd to Camp Star last evening where
The, enjoyed roast. After spending
several hours =; this pleas raShm"'
dnnrInu WAS enjoyed Musi' <aS FUR
n!shed by the cupid orchestra.
Supper.
Don't forget ;hat delicious supper on
Thursday night Sept 18th. AT the Pres
hvtcrlau church given ny the Ladies
Aid A very good menu is being plan
ned and tickets aTc now on sale Tor oVc
and Csc.
Real Estate Deal
one of the real estate deals or last
wcaK was the selling az The house OF
John Schacffcr on Nineteenth street
to Mr.. Lovejoy Of Wheeling. MI.
Schacffcr will huI!d n new home on
Narwood avenue In the near future.
Personals.
Miss virginia rethtel of West Alex
auler IS tho guest Of friends and rela-
tlves here
Mr. and Mrs. James Mcfarland and
DAUGHTER OF Newark. O. arc me guests
~ Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Neuman ana
family Of Nineteenth street.
Miss Helen Morrison OF Warwood
avenue is confined to the City hospital
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06

Mayor Thoner. il is said. refused 10
make The appointments. Il am glad OF
being relieved OF making the appoint
meat Of the three members" said Mayor
ThoHer. II viii not. however. appoint a
committee after council 'nstrrcts ne
who shall appoint In every case
where 7 appointed a committed I have
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06

where she was operated on far ap-
pcudiCcs.
Mr. and Mrs. VIM. Huss Of Nine
t"eI IN street SpS1j Labor Day with MI
and Mrs. Fred Morrison Of Wheeling.
Mrs Noll Hawicy and son Elvin OF
nineteenth street spent Labor Day with
MI and Mrs. Fred Morrison OF Wheel
ing.
Miss Kathryn Montgomery one or the
h!Gh school teachers arrived in War
wood Monday raady for the next school
term.
Miss Marie Smith Of Short Creek one
Of the teachers Of tn" high school ar
rived Monday {" begin school worK for
tho coming year.
Miss Garnet Brooks has returned
after spending the week end with
friends in West Alexander.
Mrs. \. NJ. HidglCy has returneL
home after visiting relatives in Beaver
PA.
Miss Emma Jacobs is visiting rela-
tivcs in New York.
Miss Hazel Baker has returned from
visiting friends IN West Alexander.
MIR. and Mrs. Howard Maxwell and
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06

family Of Columbus. O.. are visiting
relatives here
Miss Helen Emerson Of Wayncsooro.
IA. is The guest Of Mrs. Ed. rent u
Cherry Hill
Mr. and Mrs Claude Gator Of DAYTON
O. have returned home after vlsitihs
relatives on Hess avenue.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph thompson %
Morgantown are the guests OF Mr.. ana
Mrs Charles Bowers Of Vance avenur.
Mrs. Laura X. Brooks is In Atianuo
CITY. where she Is chapcronng MISS
Dague, Wheeling's beautiful daughter
Mr., and Mrs Harry Bender OF Car
ington are visiting Mr.. and Mrs. oaE'
BENDER Of South Warwood.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Kelley and son are
the guests of relatives in Pittsburgh.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Hilinann OF far-
kersburg are visiting relatives here.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06
COUGHS DISTURB SCHOOL WORK

School teachers should give the .sane
advice TO children who have coughs as
this Florida teacher. II recommended
Foley's Honey and Tar 10 the children
In my school who had the fiu and good
results came whenever II was USED
writes Mrs, l.. Armstrong. Okeechobee.
Florida. Foley's Honey and Tar con-
taIns no opiates-ingredients printed on
the wrapper stood tho test OF time
serving three genera lions. Quickly re-
lieves. colds. coughs and Group, throat.
chest and bronchial trouble. adv
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06

srFE FIRST rrsrE COUNCIL EVER
DICT TED APPOINTMENTS 70
MOE" SAYS MAYOR rHoNER-EE-
FUSED TO APPOINT MEMBERS
SELECTED BY SEVERAL COUNCIL
HN.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06
FIVE

L. S. Veterans bureau. MISS DuroiH
will leave Saturday for the FORT Mc
Henry hospital at Baltimore MO-
where she will enter government SERVICE
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06

EXECUTIVE SESSION CALLED ON
REQUEST OF COUNCILMAN NC
aREaoR- RESULTS IN oNE-SrpED
VOTE.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-09-06
NURSE PASSES TEST

Miss Blanche Viola Durbin or Gamer
on. w Va. qualified as nurse AT d."
examination held yesterday at the LOCAL
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-01

HAD BAD STOMACH TROUBL:

rs soon as one notices that run
n""h feeling, lack of appetitc nor
Nonsness and shortncss of breath fcr
mcnt!ng Of food and costivrn.s.
'h'Sc are the warning symptoms Of a
"e'ahecu stomach. One should no,
VIII "h'ii the color has left the
ChctKs. until the lips are white and
""'h hrcleS under the eyes. with th,.
feeling that he is dragging ono foo,
after another like a worn-out MN
IL ~ so much easier to correct tbcsc
symptoms in the earlier stage than
later. "
In order TO keep ones systcm f.,
.hr highest state of efficiency. Plant
Juice. the new herbal stomach mrdi-
cine rs uneNeelled. scores of locol
people are now telling OF their cyne
i'ci'ceS with the use of Plant Juicc
ana perhaps no other article ever mn,
on thc market has in so brief u tinc
brought forth so much favoruhi.
! comment
Among those who may be pubIic,v
| quoted is Mr.. Percy l.. Crouch. :, v.I.
! SHOWN farmer OF Ellison. Hanover
| county Va. and who has n wide ac .
| luAintancc IN this section of the conn
try. He said:
| FOR some time | have been iron.
"'cu WIKI my stomach ana was in
ned Tor SIX months. l had a bad Al
'"'h OF the hu. and since that tlpc
was in terribly run down cnnL,,jI.,.
Han no appetite. and was not aIlc
70 "ig"St me liShtest kind OF food
ana IL would fcrment in my stomach
h"a P'a pains from gas. got so
bah could not work, ana ,v,s u,,,,,
treatment i"r some time. and alec
TOOK number of different medicines
Nohc OF them did me any good. and /,
maS ohiy when started 10 take your
RANT Juice that ! got relief. / am
oN '"ie l" ea' my meals and enjoy
my i"oh. sleep well! and am ahi. "a
return 10 my work after bcin,, nor.
'or SIX months. am glad to rec.
| ommcnd Plant Juice
Plant Juice is sold ia Richmond =,
iraSies pruE store; in Petersburg
ny MORRISON The Drug Man. and in
4 Chase City by The Chase city irn,,
Co.--Adv. "
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-01
HDAVIS REGIME FEATURED BY
FOUNDING OF BUDGET SYSTEM
Elected During War, Retiring Governor Kept Firm
Hand on Helm of States Affairs and Instituted
Number of Progressive Measures.

recommendations as 20 the specific
cnactmcnts considered necessary for
the relief Of the commerce of Hamp-
ton Roads from the so-callcd handi-
cap of present pilotaGe rates and
regulations.
Increased Pension EunGs.
He has been instrumental i'm pro-
viding additional funds for veterans,
OF the War Between the states and
their widows.
lie created Il WAR History Com
mission so that the efforts of Nir-
Ginians during the period of the
world war might be preserved.
He directed his energies toward
reorganization of the National Guard.
In the selection Of officers for the
new National Guard. he has given
preference to cN-servicc men and to
veterans of the world war.
He suggested the appointment OF
Il special comm ission for the develops
mcnt of Hampton Roads
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-01
HOLDS Off 50 POLICEMEN
At TER KILLING OFFICER
62-Year-Old Negro Held in
Boston Jail on Murder
Charge.
[Ry AssocIated Presa.l

! BOSTON. Jan. 3l.-Renzy Murray.
| 62-year-old negro. who stood OF
hity policemen for. more than an
hour early today In gun battle that
conferred around his South End home,
spent tonight in Jail, charged with
the murder of Patrolman Daniel Nc.
Shane. The policeman shot by the
negro from window of his strong
hold. died at Il hospital at noon. Two
hundred shots are estimated to have
been fired before Murray was can
tured
william Jackson, Il negro who lives
In the same house. and Julia Scott, a
resident OF the neighborhood. were
IN hospitals tonight suffering from
bullet wounds. and fivc-months.
ola BABY was suffering from burns
sustained while on it's bed in cu uD-
per room of the Murray home. The
fire. which nearly consumed the mat
trcss. is believed to have been caused
by powder flashes from Murray's re-
volver.
The trouble started when woman
,o"ser ieft the house to tell the po-
lice that Murray had threatened To
shoot her. McShane and three other
policemen accompanied hc~ back to
the residence They found the door
barricaded and Murray shouted an
Invitation to them to come to
WINDOW.
They did so and McShnnc started
I" Chamber in. lie was greeted with
three shots from the negro's revolver
and dropped to the sidewalk with n
bullet in his abdomen.
McShnnes comrades promptly
summoned assistance. Lieutenant
Dunlap at the La Grange street sta
ton ordered out the reserves, sent
several patrolmen from their beats
TO the scene and directed the dis
patch of two riot guns to NIurray's
barricaded dwelling. Meantime, the
IRE department had been summoned
and was prepared To bring out the
negro by the use OF high pressure
MOBILES. From both front and rear
the police fired several volieys into
the house, hut Murray refused TO
come out Two natrolmen who
worked their way through the house
finally found him in the attic and
brought him downstairs
When the officers appeared in the
doorway with their prisoner the
crowd which had gathered loudly
threatened Murray.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-01
HOUSE ON
BOULEVARD APPROVED

Building permits issued yesterday
Inciude one TO j. l. Gray and w. T..
Purcell, Jr.. to build a threc-storv
prick apartment house on the, cas-,
side or the Boulevard. between Main
and Cary Streets. to cost $4,000. The
guiding VIII house eighteen families
ana VIII front seventy feet, extend
Ing back $50 feet.
other permits issued were to G..
Con. to build a brick dwelling at 3lOi
kensington Avenue. to cost S7.5OO:
}. w. Hall. to build u brick garage in
rear of 2Sl3 Floyd Avenue. to cost