New-York tribune., 1922-01-22
turkey Adds to Troubles of
Politicians in World Parlevs
euces of Great Britain and France Conflict in Near
East, While Internal Strife of Islams
Complicates Difficulties
By Leo Pasvolsky

s - edly became one or the most
.xaeular feature Of the Washington
.,.rence. has not been born Of any
s.-sssion or difference of opinion pre-
,.s...d by the conference itself. 1t
Il. echo Of events which have been
aiding themselves behind the diplo-
-..;. scexes of Europe herself. And
~-;ously enough, one of the principal
s .....;ons for this latest outbreak of
,,imosty between the two great pow
-. uh;ch face each other across the
WOW English Channel is concerned
..., that most fertile Of all the sources
!. :, International complications in Eu-
! i,pe-Turkey.
The strange nation which has been
br many ages IN possession of the
33osporous, the keystone Of inter-Eu-
3vpean politics, has been known for gen.
rations past as the "Sick Man of
Europe" Turkey has long degenerated
! =, state, and yet she has been left in
! untinual control Of one of the most inn
I wrtart points on the whole Continent,
tspt there by the dissensions and
I srangngs among the powers which
1 AVE formed and reformed what has
1 Yen known as the Concert of Europe.
he confgurations of this concert have
ssdergone many and various changes.
| BIT through all these changes Turkey
nnsined where she was Shorn of
.M Of her power, of much of her ter
ssr, she had been reduced from
r.r empire that had swept the Rome
Il tanstantine out of existence to the
raninious role of the "Sick Man of
Ianpe" Time and again it seemed
sit the "Sick Man" was near the end
AID yet that end would never come.
The World War came closest Il
ssned in 1919, to bringing about this
hag-deferred end. Only a mere shadow
d Turkey remained when the smoke of
tie four years stupendous conflict be-
rn to clear away. Yet to-day, on the
Areshold of 1922, the "Sick Man"
lsoms up again as the center of a new
tscord among the great powers of Eu-
npe, while his shadow, suddenly grown
70 huge proportions, has fallen-across
continent and an ocean-upon the
mnference table in the capital of the
New World.
Treaty of Sevres Was
-phce Turkey Paid
The Treaty of Sevres, signed in
!@9' was the price which Turkey paid /
sM choosing wrong alliance during
h; World War. For months after the |
Whad begun, the leaders of the Turk
sa scvernment hesitated between the
lTo sides in the conflict, neutrality
0eng nanlfestly impossible. Finally,
"e German gold, which had flowed so
l'sely into the Golfers of the Turkish
leaders, won the day, and Turkey de-
cared against the Allies. By the end
'i the war, the leaders who had made
sals decision had already fed, and the
SICK Man of Europe" faced the day
Of reckoning.
Inc Treaty of Sevres virtually
pusned the Turks out of Europe-back
'D'o Asla' whence they had come, strong
ana vigorous, to capture Constantine
PIC 1orty years be ore Columbus dis
covered America. Only the City of Con-
=. ..a"s'nop!e and small territory along
'"e Dosphorus and the Sea of Marmora
were left to the Turks in Eurone Their
territory went to the Greeks.
ana IN Asia, too, Turkey lost much
,"ef territory by the Treaty of
S1S. Turkish Armenia was taken
sy from her. Syria, Silica. pales.
: s4e' Mesopotamia, and the other lands
lying between the Eastern shores of
W sas Mediterranean and the shores of
as ned Sea became mandatory colonies
VI france and Great Britain. Italv OH
a'ned foothold in the southern mart
'' Asia Minor.
'ae sultan and his government still
unnamed in Constantinople. But his
"Wes became almost nominal. An in
ssAled y commission, consisting of
S'"Sn' y French and Italian representa- |
s'ss' was created for the administra-
s'a OF the territory of the Straits.
..14'arly, . practically all the important
s.'aeial functions fell into the hands
sas Allies.
!. Nse government of the Sultan found
"'sa forced to submit to the Allied
wa, s'HS' principally because it was ut
=, ,''y powerless to resist them. But
.''a0ss . Immediately after the provi-
.'0As OF the treaty became known, a
w began in the interior of Asia
'..40'' ~ which had for it's object the
y ''sa.ion of the arrangements which
!. sultan had made with the Allies.
:. =. .ae latter part of 1919 a congress
o. .. we cities and organizations Of the
:. ,,S''nce OF Anatolia met in the City
- 1mir and resolved to continue the
~ =. against the Allies. A prominent
sure at this congress was Mustapha
''na'' one of the leaders of the move {
.I1' !, against the Treaty Of Sevres, and
ss" 'ne decision was taken to con- i
,sN' tne war, Kemal was appointed S
'nmander-in-chief of the Turkish
'oops IN eastern Anaialia. .
4ae lzmir congress marked the he 8
.4a'ag OF the Nationalist movement in r