Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-04

ference at Lausanne to bring to some sort of settle
ment in the foreign affairs of Turkey, interesting
developments are in progress within that country
itself. The affairs of Turkey have been complicat-
ed by the fact,that. the sultan, the head of the state,
is also the head Of the Moslem church. The situa-
ton has of late been further complicated by the ex-
istence of the Angora political organization, claim
ing governmental rights and apparently superior
both in military strength and in the support of pop
ular sentiment, to the Old governmental organiza-
ton. ,-.,
The Angora government has just repudiated
formally the political authority of the Sultan, de-
clared the office't ITO be non-existent, and announced
that authority is vested solely in the Angora assem-
bly,, which is ID described as a representative body, re-
sponsible for the government of the country. In
taking this step the Nationalist have drawn a line
between. the sultan as a political official and the
same person in his capacity as caliph of head of the
Moslem faith throughout the world. This religious
office is declared still to be vested in the Osrnan
family, but the Individual who is to serve as the re-
ligious head is to be selected by the assembly from
time to time.
II One Of the most interesting features Of this lat
rst development is the effect that it may have on
Ahe attitude of the vast Moslem populations in Asia
4nd Africa toward the western powers which for
gears have held them under some sort of guardian
ship. Great Britain is affected in a larger way than
any other nation because of her Indian possessions
With their million of Mohammedans. Unrest in that
country has been rendered more acute by the asser-
lion by revolutionary agitators that Great Britain
wa the enemy of the sultan, the head of their faith:
The act of the Turkish Nationalist in deposing
their own sultan must remove a good deal of the
force of this argument and it seems likely to intro
duce an element of division into the coupcils Of those
who have worked for a general Moslem revolution.
In Italy there has been apparently completed
a revolution which, though not aimed at the exist
ing form of government or the person of the mon
arch, has been one of the most important political
upheavas since the war. The essential feature of
the Italian situation is the complete ascendancy of
the Fascist, a new political organization which is a
direct outgrowth of the war, and which is in sub
stance a political organization, organized and main
tanned in the open, responsive to strict discipline,
and committed to, the. cause of a free, united and
powerful Italy, maintained in peace and order, and
operating under whatever political system seems
best calculated to bring the desired results. For
the time being the society stands for the mainte-
nance of the present monarchical system, and pledg-
ed loyalty to the monarch. The reception given
throughout the country to the selection of Musso-
sslini as premier and to his cabinet selections, gives
promise, at least, Of stability.
While awaiting a ray of light from former Pre-
nier Lloyd George as to his political intentions, the
British voters have been enjoying a political inter
II Jude in the shape of a set of municipal elections.
U The result Of these elections has surprised and
shocked not a few people, for, the candidates of the
Labor party have been defeated, right, left and cen
ter. The overwhelming defeat of the Laborites in
dictates that the British taxpaying worker has turn
g and ~ displaying an indication tosbite.
For severalsyears Great Britain has been a YER
TABLE shotbed Of paternalistic Legislation, with those
who are described as the labor classes as the chief
81 i erle6ciariess ThroughSt tax exemption laws and a
long dist 81 apensions laws providing for old age,