davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-04-09

turers and wage-earners. Some said
America must buy more of Europe to
collect the debts due US: therefore, an
increase in tariff rates was unwise
Others said that higher duties were
the only cure for American unem-
i ployment.
The hearings before the ways and
means committee revealed the high
spots of these two contending factors
in business America. More than 5000
printed, covering a multitude of sub
jects and more than $500 articles in
common and uncommon use. The
battle in the House hearings during
the preparation of the bill and in the
House itself waged for six months
tariff bill was passed by the House
It was defended Loyalty and de-
nounced bitterly.
This bill has been before the SEN
ate finance committee for more than
six months. The same differences as
committee. Experts with so-called
expert knowledge were summoned
facts and figures from departments
and interested parties were arrayed
on both sides. Never before in Amer
ican tariff history have such power
full arguments been presented to es-
tablish the truth of both sides as in
the sessions of the finance committee
Here the fight was even more bitter
than in the House. All the power and
influence of importers. of American
wholesale dealers, of retail dealers, OF
chambers of commerce, of manufac-
turers, of producers and of farmers
organizations were brought to bear or
the members of the finance commit.
tee. Thousands of pages Of testi-
mony. much of 1t duplicating the tes.
tfmony taken by the ways and means
haard and nrinted
Makes an Economic History.
In these arguments, in these many
pages of printed testimony, may be
found a detailed statement Of the
economic and industrial history OF
America during the last three years
Condensed, it would make an in.
teresting and valuable story of eco.
nomtc--America, Of American eco.
nomic thought and of the wide differ.
ences of opinion on questions vital te
America. While there is high leve
of American welfare and patriotism
through it all, nevertheless there is g
distinct thread of self-interest mark
ing the half lf-concealed personal equa.
ton Of each pleader. On the whole
however, the main thought of all ap.
pears to be the economic. industria
and financial promotion of American
interests.
hill amid such conflicting interests
and apparently honest and convincing
arSuments was no small matter. Te
the committees 1t seemed one day as
~ an adequate protective tariff wa:
impossible. The following day doubts
and RIogres5s ss Was %nsmniax made
n,enf could be solved by raising the
tariff rates: to others it appeared tina,
we must buy more of Europe If we
wanted to sell, and this production
for foreign markets would cure un-
empioymeat TO some s% the rats Of sx
ha rrier against increased foreign
commerce; hence America must, fe.
within itself Again. 1t appeared As
if exchange would speedily cure IT.
self and that an increase in tariff
rates would not retard but rather pro.
mote that cure. To some 1t appeared
that the United States would never
Evening star., 1922-04-09
BY EDWARD NELSON DINGLEY.

BY EDWARD NELSON DINGLEY.
n YEARLY thirteen months have
nj elapsed since preparation Of
the so-called permanent tariff
bill was begun in the House
ways and means committee. How
many more months will elapse before
the bill will reach the White House
for the Presidents signature no one
can tell The length of the battle in
the Senate win determine that ques-
ton largely, unless there is a pro-
tracted discussion in conference or
reference of the Senate bill back to
the ways and means committee.
The purpose Of this article is to
point out briefly the unusual national
and world conditions accounting for
the long delay in the preparation of
the tariff bill, to discuss the high
spots of the different claims, and, II
possible, to inform the average reader
as to what the big battle Is all about.
Always Bone Of Contention.
Every one knows that the tariff
question, ever since the days of Henry
Clay, has been a bone of contention
between two schools of opposing po-
litical and economic thought. All the
rules and formulas laid down in text
books on the subject and aired in
debate nave been founded on approx
mately normal and stable economic
conditions. Before the civil war and
subsequent thereto, until the years
of the world war, nothing extraordi-
nary has happened to throw these
rules and formulas out OF joint. The
world war created conditions both
unusual and perplexing.
1t is not proposed here to make an
argument on any one of the PROPOSE
tions suggested as solution of the
perplexing problems. Suffice to say
that fundamental principles, if sound,
establish themselves under any and
all conditions. In seeking to prove
the truth of this statement. both
sides in this prolonged tariff contro-
yersy have argued ably. we'll and
long. The success of some Of these
arguments account for the apparent
uncertainty in the minds of not q few
Hitherto unwavering in their prin-
ciples and views, and explain a large
nortion of the delay in the final prep
aration of a bill acceptable to both
houses Of Congress and the executive.
At the outset 1t was seen that %
unemployment in the United States
was extensive and perhaps unpar-
alIeled; (2) prices and the cost of liv-
ing were high; go foreign commerce,
at its highest point in 1919. was de-
clining gradually; (D the rate of ex-
change with European countries was
abnormally high and changing fire.
ouently, making business with those
Countries difficult, if not impossible,
temporarily: co the United States
was a creditor country to European
countries to the extent of $11,OOO,-
000, 900 government and about $s,O00,-
600, 900 private loans.
Caused Conflicting Views.
1t appeared to some that these con-
ditions made it impossible to frame a
permanent tariff bill that would stand
any length of time. 1t appeared to
others that an increase in impor.
duties was necessary to restore nor
NAL business to American manufac-
Evening star., 1922-04-09

The Commissioners housing COM
mittee has set out to determine
whether it costs more to build homes
in Washington than in other nearby
cities and if so why. Mrs. Eli Hell
mick, chairman, stated yesterday.
The subcommittee on building
practices, headed by Frank Upman.
reported to Mrs. Helmick today that
his group is going into comparison
of methods and costs of building
here and in such cities as Phi!adel-
mia. Mrs. Helmick indicated that
there appears to be a higher build
ing cost here, and this the committee
will endeavor to settle definitely,
with the reasons thereof. Mr.. Up
mans subcommittee will meet at the
District building Thursday night.
Report ON Survey Of Rentals.
The subcommittee on survey, head
ed by John Ihlder of the United
States Chamber of Commerce, report
ed today that it has undertaken the
big task of determining the value
and rental of homes in every part OF
the District. together with a map
showing the sections that are con-
,gested and those that are under
built.
William Deane Ham, chairman OF
. the subcommittee on land, reported
to Mrs Helmick this morning that
his group is sending 1000 question
naires to real estate dealers to OBJ
xain data as to the prices of vacant
tracts of land in all sections of the
CITY that would be suitable for home
building. Mr.. Ham reported that a
preliminary survey of vacant ground
in the District indicates that much
of this land is heavily mortgaged.
Subcemmittees to Meet.
other subcommittee have begun to
collect the dates assigned to them and
will meet next week as follows:
On finance, Thomas Bones. chair
imam, will meet at the District build
ing tomorrow at 4 O'Clock; building ma
terials, DR.. John M. Cries. chairman,
will meet some time Tuesday; rents
sand rent legislation, Clinton James,
lchairman, will meet at o'clock We'd
mesdays labor Charles A Baker.
Evening star., 1922-04-09
Cost of Building Elsewhere
To Be Studied by Commission

chairman, will meet early next week,
date not fixed.
"All of the subcommittee have set
earnestly to work." said Mrs. Hell
mick, land there is every reason to
believe the full committee will soon
have a complete line on every phase
of the housing situation in Washing
ton.
1.-THE alley problem will be gone
into thoroughly with a view to work
ing out plan for the erection of
suitable homes for these people,"
Evening star., 1922-04-09
EXCHANGE PROBLEMS
MUST BE SETTLED,

The Russian and German questions
may be vital from an economic and
financial standpoint, but it is more and
more considered essential that there be
some agreement tending to stabilize
currency and exchange throughout the
continent. True, renewed economic en-
deavor and agreements will aid trade in
the future. but the financial situat ton
all over the continent has been going
from bad to worse. and it is more than
likely that out of the Genoa conference
will come some definite plan looking to-
ward the stabilization of exchange dn all
countries. those that really do not need
it and those that need. it most. Even
this question is fraught with dangers of
politics, for in discussions sure to arise
various nations will attempt to grind
political axes in the hope of gaining
favorite alignments.
1t is very difficult to see how the
Genoa conference: with the VARYING
shades Of opinion that must necessarily
be represented. and the centuries -old
antipathdes that are existent, can
emerge without much turmoil and strife,
with the possibility of far-reaching pri-
vate understanding as between states
men which in reality will overshadow
public engagements. This is the nature
ments have been the pampered pets of
European statescraft for many centu-
ries. They are favored today.
And no one dare state what the tides
will wash up in the Genoa maelstrom.
The world hopes that it will be the
very-much-needed adjustments and
agreements looking toward permanent
advance.
But actual conditions today still war
rant only hone
Evening star., 1922-04-09
, WANT An OFFICIAL
DELEGATION SENT.

can participation memorable on.
in keeping with the friendliness and
mutual helpfulness which always
have marked relations between this
country and Brazil. Secretary of
State Hughes has requested Congress
TO authorize the appointment of =
special delegation which will visit
the exposition on a mission of cour-
tesy TO return the visit of Brazilian
delegation. headed by Emperor Dom
Pedro, which attended the Philadel-
phia centennial exposition in 1Sie-
The delega tion requested by Secre-
tary Hughes will represent the Presi-
dent of the United States, and doubt
less will be composed of men high IL
the government.
Evening star., 1922-04-09
BH BEN NckELWAY.

INHE people Of the United States
| will be represented at the
Brazilian centennial exposi
| tion in Rio Ge Janeiro next
/, fall by strictly officiar' exhibits from
; the government departments. now be-
F; ing prepared here for shipment in
i time to reach South America and be
installed before September :. The
leading industries of the country and
! the customs and life of its people will
be adequately portrayed in the sew
; eral score exhibitions which will eX-
plain in detail the workings and pur-
departments.
The exhibitions will be confined to
| those entered officially by the govern
| ment. The business man, the eX
! porter or the manufacturer will be
| represented only as he is connected
| with the work of some government
| department. The American exhibition
| is to be an official advertisement of
| the work of the American govern
ment. and will bar commercialization
, in any form. a studied attempt is
| being made by those in charge to
avoid the appearance of 'going out
! after business" in competition with
lbitors. and the American exhibits
/ will attempt a dignity commensurate
! with the significance of the occa sion.
! MILLION-DOLLAR FUND
VOTED BY CONGRESS-.
| John A. McGibbon. executive assist
ant TO the commissioner general for
| American participation in the Brazil
! ian centennial exposition. has estab
! lished offices in the Interior Depart
i ment, and is actively directing the
work of preparing the American ex
j hibits. Congress recently appropri-
! ated s1,000.000 for the expense of par
ticipation in the exposition. and a
/ good part of that sum win be eX-
! pended strictly on the exhibits.
=; An idea of what these will show is
gained from the plans upon which
! work is now progressing. The De-
| partment of the Interior will show
! the mining industries of the country
! the great work of reclamation in the
! west. by which barren areas are
, turned into fertile farm lands. and
the work of the bureau of education
in its connection with the schools and
colleges of the United States.
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT
| TO BE EXTENSIVE ONE.
; The Department of Agriculture will
{! have an exceptionally large group of
exhibits, among which will be an eX-
PLANTATION of the work of the forestry
! uood ro,d copstr,,cr.op irl,IS-
Evening star., 1922-04-09
GENOA CRUCIBLE IS READY
TO BREW NEEDED POTIONS
Future Salvation Of Europe Depends
Upon Alchemy Of Those Preparing
Necessary Economic Panaceas.

! oppose Introduction of the question.
but should these states present their
reconstruction plans predicated upon
ailevfation of Germany's burdens, the
whole issue cannot be lodged with
any degree of grace on the part of
the allies, in as much as all have
tacitly agreed to approach the ques-
tions coming before the conference in
the broadest possible light and with
the fullest consideration, in order that
GERMANS ARE READY
FOR ANY OPENING.
into the breach once the reparations
question is introduced, and it cannot
be seen how 1t will be escaped, but
generally speaking it is believed
they will be loath to directly bring up
the question if others will do it for
them, thus hoping to avoid antag-
onizing the French and facilitating
other German plans looking toward
the more prompt recovery of Ger
many.
The Teutons are particularly in
terested at the moment in the agree
ments which will bring Russia and
western Europe in closer touch. Any
scheme that will tend toward the re-
vival of German trade with Russia
will be given hearty support The
Germans and Lloyd George are ex-
pected to construct policy as af-
fecting Russia that will predominate
in the conference. for anything that
will remove the fears Of Russian
military aggression in eastern
Europe and will open Russia's unde-
veloped mineral and agricultural
lands to outside capital and open the
marts of Russia to the tradesmen of
the world will have hearty general
support. even though Russian recog-
milton be a prerequisite
Already it has been rumored that
, there is definite understanding be-
tween Chancellor Wirth and
their united course in Genoa, and if
they meet with favorable support
! from Lloyd George the bloc of
smaller nations in eastern Europe is
sure to join in.
The bolsheviks have much to offer.
much to demand and have even gone
SO far as to make threats as to what
they will and will not do in case their
demands are not met. but it is be-
! lieved that all of these have been
for trading purposes and that the
bolshevik regime. afraid of it's
ing conditions prevailing throughout
the nation, will welcome any fair
allied proposals and that after all
the Russian question will be the easi-
est of the many to be solved
The little entente group of nations
to the east undoubtedly will have
deciding voice in the deliberations
affecting the future of Russia and
undoubtedly the statesmen politicians
seeking to effect agreements look
ing toward the stabilization of con-
ditions will be to this gallery more
than once in the attempt to win de-
ciSive influence
Evening star., 1922-04-09
| PREPARATIONS QUESTION
: SURE TO COME Up.

Agreement on reparations and Rus
sia does not necessarily mean that
French and British will have an easy
time standing together, for in the
discussion of general reconstruction
processes undoubtedly there will be
other nations who will present the
very questions so opposed by the
French and even British. 1t is a
known fact that those nations neu-
trail in the war have conferred and
decided to automatically espouse the
cause of general reconstruction of
German reparations more in line with
prompt German rehabilitation. They
will argue that prompt recovery of
Germany is the only salvation for
Switzerland. Holland, Norway and
Sweden. particularly. these states al
ways having been more or less eco
nomically dependent upon the pros
perity of Germany. The French may
Evening star., 1922-04-09
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT
TO BE EXTENSIVE ONE.

The Department of Agriculture will
have an exceptionally large group of
exhibits, among which will be an ex-
planation of the work of the forestry
service, good road construction. illus
Evening star., 1922-04-09
AMERICAN EXHIBIT ATRIO
PLANNED ALONG NEW LINE
Government Will Avoid Appearance of
COmmercialism, and Will Aim Instead
at Being Helpful.

rations Of plant aud animal INDUSTRY
in the United States. together with
an explanation of methods in This
country for the propa CATION of agri-
cultural education experiment sta
tions. demonstrators, bulletins. NOV
ing pictures and the like.
The Treasury Department VIII have
an interesting exhibit on the work OF
safeguarding the public health. a sub
ject which is vitality interesting TO all
South American countries.
The Department of Commerce will
show the South American how the
coast guard service is maintained in
this country. what the bureau of fish
cries and the bureau of standards ac-
complish. and how the bureau of for
eign and domestic commerce seeks to
link the business men of North and
South America by up-to- the III in u -
service of Information on supplies and
demands
Evening star., 1922-04-09
EXPOSITION BUILDING
TO BE 4. =. EMBASSY.

In other words. the United States
government has wisely chosen to pu'
its exhibits on d basis of educationa. !.
value TO those who see them. ir>
stead of attempting to lure the pros
pective South American customer
a market in the United States bH
showing him what he can buy. tn =
government exhibits will seek to eX-
plain some of the syst ems which hav5
proved successful in government
work here, in order that those who
wish may take them as examples.
Brazil has extended every courtesy
TO the United States government ia
its invitation to the centennial expo
sition. A beautiful and advantageous
site has been set aside for the build
ing. now under construction. which
will serve to house the American eX-
hibitors and after the exposition be-
come the permanent home of the
American embassy.
Evening star., 1922-04-09
Caused Conflicting Views.

1t appeared to some that these con-
ditions made it impossible to frame a
permanent tariff bill that would stand
any length of time. 1t appeared to
others that an increase in impor.
duties was necessary to restore nor
NAL business to American manufac-
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1922-12-12
"sCADs'' MAKE A Difference
Romantieists May Deny It, but Aver
age Man Beyond Middle Age
= Knows It to BE Fact.


acknowledgement Hitchcock. I
think-used to siIg little song about
the difference just few hours makes.
He might have gone a little farther.
What difference just few dollars
make. 10 30: > - p HaAl ~ II
RebeccahJ ! CDlt-itf is 9ltGole.. now;
though ;taussd htos be something elsa
when OldaAbeyopened his boots, bottles
anu iron 'elnporiunis2i H6ar9 'jack
and EiGsed to be good
friends. She was atfarnation pretty
girl, Becky was: !sMorerthan that: She
was Il ripping, raving; tearing beauty.
She didn't !hayetfe ci6thespthen.~ The
most you gould rsa for them was that
they" were 4cleane 10 HTiIe girls in our
town were just, finding out that hair
could be marcelled, waved and what
NOTED by hired help. Their mothers
had always washed their own hair and
sat on the back porch until 1t dried.
Becky had to wash her own and fluff
it around with her hands until 1t could
he put up. Entrancingly pretty, Becky
was, at such moments.
I was in love with her, of course.
But my mother savaged me whenever
the fact came to her attention. Becky
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1922-12-12
SAVED BY: Intelligent DOG
How Animal in Austraiia Brought Re.
lief to Helpless Man Severely
injured IN Accident.

* A, remarkable instance Of intelll-
gence in a dog. leading to the relief Of
an injured man, is reported from the
neighborhood Of Grafton, Australia.
~, Riding a horsecten miles from home
in a lonely spot 4 sman hails ms thigh
broken. by the horse stumbling, failing.
and then rolling on him. -: 5e1s<>o9o--'-N y
g. The horse regained it's feet and Gal!
,loped jawaH, leaving it's master on thu
ground i'm great agony. His only hope
was his dog. which ran around in. a
state of great excitement. evidently
aware Of the gravity Of the accident.
The injured man thought our a
scheme for making his whereabouts
known. Calling the dog TO him he
tied his coat round It and ordered 1t
to 60 home. At first 1t did not realize
what the plan was, but suddenly it
understood and raced away, and in
two hours returned, guiding rescue
Earty Of the sufferers relatives. 30,
Shall we say that the dog had no
thought in understanding and carry
ing out this complicated process Of re-
lie11 ..;. |.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1922-12-12
PREVENTING CHOLERA
in VARIOUS. STATES
Department of Agriculture Is
| Extending Control Work.
Farmers VIII Save More Hogs and
Avoid Disastrous Losses II They
Do Net Delay in Reporting
Suspicious Cases.

prepared by the United States Department
or Agriculture)
The United States Department OF
Agriculture this year extended its CO.
operative hog-cholera control work to
South Dakota, Washington, New Mex
leo and West Virginia, making total
of "a states In which work is being
done in cooperation with state au-
thoritlcs. Cooperation among the diff
ferent agencies is now ut its best, and
is therefore more effective than ever.
The object Of the work with the va
rious states is to prevent und control
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1922-12-12

One Way to Prevent Disease Among
. Hogs 10 to Provide Good Sanitary
. Quarters-Hoo Cot in Use at Belts
vile Farm.
outbreaks of hog cholera. and TO pre-
vent the spread Of the infection and to
reduce losses.
During the year, hog cholera has
been kept we'll under control, but spe-
clal care must be taken when there is
an increase In its prevalence. Farm
ers will save more hogs and prevent
disastrous losses If they do not delay
reporting Immediately to the state
veterinarian, the county agricultural
agent, the representative Of the bureau
of animal industry, or local veterinary
practitioner any suspicious cases OF
sickness among their hogs. Hog.
cholera serum Is not cure. but pre-
,ventive treatment, and should be ap-
piled as soon as possible when the
disease appears in the herd or in the
neighborhood. The preventive treat
ment is good insurance againEt
losses from hog cholera.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1922-12-12

was pretty, she admitted, but that was
about all that could be said Of her,
and she was handicapped by that
boots bottles, and old iron ancestry.
Becky was sort of in love with me,
think. Just propinQuity. probably, but
her eyes used to shine very pretty
when hove In signt. Well, I was
chased away from the paternal hamlet
for one reason and another, and when
| got back the old man had moved to
Il better street, and mother rode down
to market in glass-lnclosed car thar
had a sort Of family likeness to a
hearse, and the town newspaper printed
my picture, as the son Of the we'll
known and popular, etc.
So I sort Of looked down on Becky.
When we met we were both embar-
rassed. We could not get back to the
frank camaraderie Of our youth. That
internal boots, bottles and old iron
skeleton ratified Its dry bones in our
ears. walked down Main street with
Becky one day, but was conscious OF
my condescenslon.-
met Becky again yesterday, for the
first time In years. Old Abe has run
that secondhand shoestring Of his in
| to a large and odorous tannery. He
will always be Old Abe, essentially
bootsy, bottley, and old irony, but new
ertheless rich. Becky has married a
, rising young millionaire. They have
more bottles in their cellar than l
ever saw in fancy grocery.
| Becky condescendel to me. Nothing
nasty. But she, was conscious Of her
social superiority. Amt 1t funny what
a difference just few scads make -
Chicago Daily News.