New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
BY II. Clifford 3roksw
Technical Director, West Side 7. ".
c. A. Automobile School

Technical Director, West Side 7. ".
c. A. Automobile School
whats all the plumbing about ?"
That il what the motorist wants TO
know when he forgets 20 take the water
out Of his radiator some cold night and
the cooling system freezes. That is the
question he asks when he forgets 10
put water in his radiator before he
starts out on trip and the engine gets
hotter than Dante's Inferno and
smokes like 8 four-alarm FIRE. That DO
the query Of the driver Who finds here
q leak. there q leak, everywhere a leak.
One Of TIE frst and most important
factors in automobiling which the own
er Of . car should study and try 20
comprehend thoroughly is the cooling
system. The principles underlying the
various systems Of cooling are not com
plicated or difficult 20 understand To
know them is TO avoid a lot Of ineon-
venience
The automobile engine IS hest
motor; that IL. its power is derived
from taking fuel into the cylinders
burning IL and producing heat, which
because Of its being confined, produces
pressure. This pressure IS what moves
the piston IN the cylinder and ultimate
ly turns the wheels.
Burning gasoline produces a very
high temperature, much higher tnan
that AZ which the engine can be sue
cessfully operated. For instance the
ternperature Of the burning mixture In
the cylinder Is approximately 5000 de-
grees Fahrenheit. Cast iron melts az
approximately 1000 degrees and lubti-
eating oil, a Aim of which must be
maintained between piston anc cyhnder
wall IN order 70 have the pistons oper-
ate freely, burns a. approximately bOy
degrees. To keep parts sufficiently cool
so the engine will function II is nee
essary to absorb some Of this neat.
This, OF course, represents a waste Of
fuel which cannot be helped.
Methods for Cooling
There are two general methods used
for cooling the engine, namely, the
air cooling system and the water cool
ing. ia the former, projections arc
built or placed on the outside Of the
cylinders so ss 20 present a large sur
face for the air. which is caused % cir
culate over them to act upon. The air
is circulated by means Of fan so ar
ranged as 70 either force or draw the
air around the cylinders. This system
has the advantage Of using no water,
thus eliminating the possibility Of
freezing in winter or overheating, as
when insufficient water Is kept IN the
water cooling system. The nir cooling
method also makes for lighter en-
CINE.
In water cooling systems, which are
in the large majority Of cars, the cylin-
der Is cast with hollow space between
the inner and outer walls in which
water is circulated for the purpose OF
carrying of the excess Of heat. There
are two types Of water cooling systems,
thermo-siphon and forced circulation.
With both types Of water cooling
systems a radiator is employed through
which hot water from the jackets
around the cylinder is circulated and
cooled. The radiator Is constructed so
that water passes through it In very
small streams and provision is made
for circulating air through i in close
contact with water 20 that the heat is
very rapidly carried away. A ian is
usually placed hack Of the radiator %
insure a good circulation OF air.
In the forced circulation system q
pump is employed which is driven from
the craukshafl OF the engine and
therefore keeps the water in circu-