davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Plus X. Recorded as the 268th Pope
Causes of the Differences in the Numbering of the
Successors of Peter Explained by Historian.
BY PAUL BERCHAUS.

reigned without a rival for more than
year. at the end of which time he
was forcibly expelled and subjected to
shameful cruelties at the hands Of an
opposing faction.
Boniface VI, A. ID. s96, reigned only
fifteen days after disputed election
Christopher A. ID. 903, seized and
imprisoned his predecessor. Leo w., and
usurped the papal throne. but after es-
tablishing himself appears to have been
accepted as Pope.
Leo VIII, A. d. 964, apparently ac-
quired valid title to the papal dignity
upon the resignation of Benedict w..
although originally an intruder. He was
Crst set up in December. 963, by the
Emperor Otto, in opposition to Pope
John XII. whom Otto attempted to de-
pose. John XII. died in May, 964. and
the Romans elected Benedict ". as his
successor. But Benedict fell into the
hands of the Emperor in June, 964. and
was forced to resign in Leo's favor.
Leo's title is questioned because of the
uncertainty whether Benedict's resigna-
tion was genuine.
person as Benedict VII. The name is
variously written Donus or Domnus or
Dominus Before his elevation to the
papal throne Benedict VII. had been
Bishop of Sutri, and hence was set down
in the papal lists Of certain ancient
chroniclers as Dominus (Lord) of Sutri.
In after years unskilled copyists mistook
this title for a proper name and made
two Popes out of one.
Boniface VII, "A. d. 9S4, mar re-
peated attempts to seat himself Y. the
papal throne by violence and f..aliy sue
ceeded after imprisoning his ., edecessor,
John XIV, who was allowed to die of
neglect In the castle of SAINT Angelo.
John XIV, A. d. 9S5, the son Of Rob-
ert, Roman. died unconsecrated within
the month Of his disputed election to the
papal throne.
Sylvester III. A. d. 1o45. was chosen
after the forcible expulsion of his prede-
cessor, Benedict TX, and was himself
expelled after reign Of forty-nine days.
John XXX, A. d. 1045, was of the
house of the Counts of Tusculum and
was ordained by his kinsman Benedict
TX, who resigned in his favor after
the expulsion of Sylvester III. John
reigned from March 10 to May of
the same year.
Benedict X, A. D. 1858, resigned un-
der pressure of an opposing faction.
Alexander w., A. d. 1909. was elected
to succeed Gregory XII. who had re-
signed but continued to cling to the
papal Office after his resignation.
John xXIII., A. d. 1410, was elected
to succeed Alexander ", after the lat
ter's death, Gregory XII. being still
alive and still claiming the pontificate.
The number Of the Popes therefore
depends upon how many of the above
are included in the list. The writer's
History OF the Popes." now in prepara-
tion. makes the number 26S, including
Plus XII. the Sovereign Pontiff now
reigning.
This number does not include any of
those anti-popes. about twenty in num-
ber. whose pretensions to the papal dig
nifty have been rejected by the common
consent of historians and who are uni
versalfy regarded as impostors.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
The MacMonnies Statue.
Is 1t . First Step Toward Ending
W0man's Monopoly In SymbOIisms

To THE NEW YORK HERALD: The con-
troversy concerning the statue OF Civic
Virtue is drifting into such irrelevancy
that I feel I must intervene TO set maj
ters straight. The chief issue OF course
is the question of the propriety of rep
resenting Civic Virtue as man and the
temptations overcome by lovely but bale
full women. Here is where have some
thing to say.
The women OF New York seem TO
object to having such an honor con-
ferred on man and the insult of being
represented as temptations heaped on
women. 1t is out OF date. they say,
not in accord with the new c-Sc:. g'i,cy
are wrong. This is the new order. not
the old. Let US array the facts, as busi-
ness men say.
Isn't it fact, then, that practically
everything decent and proper has in the
past under the old order been repre-
sented as a woman? In nearly every
court house in this broad land. as the
politicians say is a statue or painting
or Justice. What sex? A woman, OF
course Every child knows that How
is Columbia, the gem of the ocean, rep
resented in statues, on coins? A woman.
of course Why? Did a woman dis
cover America?
How Is Britannia, who rules the
waves represented? A woman! Did
women beat the Spanish Armada and
the German high seas fleet? How is
Germania represented? How poor, sad
Austria, ON her prolific paper currency?
Women, women! How about the Statue
of Liberty in New York harbor? 4
woman, bigger than many Civic Virtues
Even such distractions as Learning,
Art. Science. Industry and Agriculture
% are frequently. If not universally,
represented by women.
Here's solemn fact There are many
monuments erected to men-great men
or locally admired men-whch, instead
of a likeness Of the deceased or the
statue of a man symbolizing something
or other, display to posterity-which
isn't much interested-the likeness of a
woman representing Virtue or Honor or
Aspiration or Grief or something else.
Why. fr heavens sake?
Mr.. MacMonnies Is right. but he evil
IDENTIFY doesn't know why He thinks
the time is not yet for using women
as Civic Virtue. The fact is. the time is
past in which women could monopolize
symbolic personification. Mr.. MacMon-
MES is in line with the new idea. Men
want their share. Nowadays the women
are not going to crowd US out!
Let the downtrodden men rise in right
eous assertion of equal rights! Give
the women their share--no moro. In
the past we were lucky to get George
Washington on postage stamp. Now
we want men upholding gilded scales on
court house towers and all the rest of It
NEW York, March IS. J. II. w.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

My attention has been arrested by
the question raised by one of your cor
respondents concerning the numbering
of the Popes. You quote the Cath
olic Encyclopedia as saying that certain
differences appear in various lists. This
is due to the fact that 1t is matter
of individual judgment or opinion
whether certain individuals are to be
considered legitimate Popes or not.
The Church has never vouched for
the accuracy of any particular list OF
the Popes nor for the Legitimacy OF
all the individual Popes included In any
such list The Annuario Pontihcio, the
official yearbook of the Vatican, con-
tains a list of the Popes. but it is evil
dent from the list itself that it was the
intention OF the compilers to leave un-
determined the question whether certain
individuals should be considered lawful
Popes or intruders, as is shown by the
manner in which certain names are
printed For example. the Pope who
ascended the papal throne in 1916 Is
named in the list as John Xxx. or XXI.
or XXI, and the Pope who succeeded
him in 1884 is named as Benedict X1.
or XII, the alternative numbering be-
ing an Indication that the compilers of
the list were unwilling to decide how
many Of the Popes bearing those names
were legitimate. Other examples might
be cited. Considering how many Popes
have sat in the chair of st. Peter, the
number Of those whose right is disputed
Is surprisingly small.
The following named Popes are
omitted from some papal lists. although
generally admitted to be legitimate:
Cletus, A. d. 70. the third Pope, Is
sometimes confused with Anacletus.
Anacletus, A. D. 95. was the fifth
Pope. Owing to the similarity of the
names some historians have concluded
that Cletus and Anacletus were one and
the same. Authorities differ. Among the
ancients Irenaus, in Adversos Here
ticos, ILL.,, 8. and Eusebius. Ecclesiasti-
cal History, ch. 13 and ch. Is, omit
Cletus and name Anacletus as the third
Pope. The Liber Pontificalis-based
upon the lost Leonine Catalogue--names
Cletus and Anacletus in their proper
OTQeT, see dlSO St.. aug uSlLcs I<p. ihi.
For a detailed discussion of the ques-
ton see Lightfoot, Apostolic Fathers.
part l., volume l.. page 203, arguing
their identity. and A. Sandini, in Dis
sert. 4, ad His. Pont., and Baronius.
Ann Eccl. volume l., ann. 50, distin-
gushing them.
Felix H., A. d. 355. succeeded Libe-
RUS, who was exiled by the Arian EN-
peror Constantius. The Liber Pontifi-
calls states that Liberius, upon the ad-
vice Of his clergy, ordained Felix as his
successor, thus indicating that Liberius
voluntarily resigned in favor Of Felix.
Other historians nevertheless regard
Felix as an intruder.
Stephen H., A. d. 752. reigned only
four days and died before he could be
ccnsecrated. But he was lawful Pope
because election and acceptance are suf-
ficient to confer the papal Office
Constantine H.. A. d. 767. was a lay
man at the time of his election. which
was effected by the armed intervention
of his kindred. But he was elected
without serious opposition and he
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
A Fine Half Century Record.

ne rNeW IOTk 5IdLe CUdT1CleS A1Q
Association will soon celebrate its
fiftieth anniversary. On May IL it
will be just half a century since a
few public spirited men and women
met in the Schuyler home, then
at 10 West Thirty-first street, and
formed an organization which has
since grown to be one of the most
important factors in the States char
liable and hygienic work.
The basic idea of the society is the
proposition that upon every citizen
rests an obligation to see that public
institutions are so conducted as best
to promote the ends for which they
are maintained. That this responsible
ity is frequently ignored by individ-
uals was recognized by the founders
of the organization, and it was the
purpose of the Charities Aid AS
sociation to concentrate and vitalize
the obligation into an effective force.
In large measure this objective has
been attained. The mere enumera-
tion of all the associations achieve
ments in this direction would demand
many printed pages.
Among the improvements in public
well being for accomplishment of
which it has labored are reduction
of tuberculosis mortality percent
ages; betterment in the care OF the
insane and feebleminded; agencies
for providing homes for needy chill
dren throughout the State; reorgani-
zation OF the State public health
system, with the creation of a mod
ern Public Health Department, and
establishment of a State commission
for the care Of mental detectives.
These activities are but a few of
those in which the association has
expended its efforts.
In promoting better care OF tuber-
culosis patients and in preventing
the spread Of this devastating dis
ease the association has been par
ticularly effective. 1t has organized
fifty-two county and eighteen city
tuberculosis and public health COM
mittees, which are now doing excel
lent work all over the State.
While it is not asserted that the
fine results which have been obtained
in the treatment and prevention OF
tuberculosis are solely the work of
the association, IL is conceded that
the associations efforts have greatly
contributed toward bringing the i'm
provement about.
In this matter Of public health
activities II may be mentioned that
il was through the association, as
far back as 1873, that the first train
ing school for nurses in the country
was established In Bellevue Hospital.
The trained nurse is now an insti-
tuition in all parts OF the country;
1t Is difficult to realize that so short
a time ago this handmaiden of sci
ence and ministering angel to the
suffering was unknown.
The association formed by the lit
tie company Of men and women who
organized in this city fifty years ago
has now grown to membership Of
10000 citizens, representing all the
counties in the State, and has be
come an institution of which all New
York people may well be proud.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Village Pride.
Boundary Lines We're Real In New
York Sixty Years Ago.

To THE NEW York HERALD: The real
Greenwich village was a distinct section.
lust as Chelsea was or Yorkvillc.
when my grandfather in 1880 bought
two lots on Sixth street, now Waverley
place, Just east OF Sixth avenue and
built a two story and attic house sew
enty feet back from the street so that
he might have a garden in front there
was only one house on the north side
OF sixth street between his home and
Broadway. lie never spoke of his place
az being in Greenwich Village. This
came to me from an aunt who was born
there in 1891 and died in 1919.
5ut my father. who lived successfully
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
BIackface Comedians.

To THE New YORK HERALD: Herbert
s. Renton's roster of black face come
dians covered the field thoroughly. yet
few other names of equal prominence
come to my memory. | refer to the late
Johnny Wild with Ed Harrigan, whose
delincation of the negro was OF the
Thompson street brand. others were
Quiter and Goldrich. the Big -Four.
Frank McNish in Fun in Silence" Bar
low and Wilson, Mcintyre and Heath.
Charlie Case. Bob Slayin and Artie Hall.
7 think i was Bob Hart who after
abandoning the stage gave temperance
lectures Sunday evenings at the Colum-
ola Opera House In Greenwich avenue
between Eleventh and Twelfth streets.
PAUL w. KILLER, ID. ID. $.
New YORK, March is.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
The Columbus of Cripple Creek.

A ai~~atch from northwestern Ar
kansa -ays that an aged prospector
who was taken i'll while seeking lost
mines in the hills around Fayette-
vile and died practically penniless
in hospital there was ROBERT X.
STEVENS, to whom is given the credit
of being the discoverer of the Cripple
Greek gold field.
There are other early Coloradans
who might challenge this claim of
discovery, for gold was found at
this famous mining camp as early as
1860. That the field was not opened
until thirty years later was due to
the rarity OF the outcroppings of the
veins and the peculiar nature of the
ores, features which made the Grip
pie Creek deposits puzzle to metal
lurgists. In 1890 STEVENS, while
riding the cattle range which COW
cred much of this marvelously rich
deposit, found outcroppings Of one of
the veins. The sample which he had
assayed awakened new interest in
the field. The yellow pine town Of
Cripple Creek sprang into existence.
The output Of the gold in the dis,
trict jumped from $3.50 in 1891 to al
most SIS 100000 in 1906. If STEVENS
was not the discoverer Of gold at
Cripple Creek he had a not unim-
portant part in the founding of the
camp and the great gold mining In
dustry which developed in the Grip
pie Creek district.
STEyENss fate apparently was that
Of many other prospectors who made
a big strike. BOB WoMAcK was an
other early Cripple Creek prospector
who reaped little benefit from either
his finds or his theories. He always
held that the richest deposits were to
be found in the high levels; he
failed 10 prove this, but Mr.. STRATToN
did and became chief owner of some
of the most valuable gold properties
at Cripple Creek. THOMAS r. WALSH,
too, profited from this idea of
WoMAcK's, proving its correctness
in the Leadville district, by making
the Camp Bird strike 1900 feet
above sea level and becoming the
owner of one of the biggest gold and
silver mining properties ever held by
one man in this country. SUFFER-, on
whose place the discovery of gold
was made in Calaveras county, Cali
fornia, in 1S47, died comparatively
poor, as did Captain JOHN MARSHALL,
who uncovered this deposit of virgin
gold Yet IL was this discovery
which led to the rush to the Pacific
In 1S4S and 1S49 and to the begin
ming Of the famous. miners fortunes
Of the pioneer days of California.
The prospectors who uncovered the
first gold in the Klondike and the
rich districts of Alaska we're not al
ways, or even usually, the men who
reaped the largest rewards. The
miners and the workers who followed
them were frequently the men who
gained the greatest profits and who
returned to the States rich men.
1t requires financial ability for sue
cess in gold mining as it does in any
other venture. In this quality many
prospectors are deficient; these are
the wanderers, the adventures, the
matchers Of pennies with Fate. The
men who built up the great gold for
tunes Of California were men OF af-
fairs as well as prospectors or miners.
OF the famous Bonanza. quartet, FLooD,
o'BHEN, MAcKAY and'FAR, the last
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Tile Drainage Helps Farmers.

Farming land which is heavy and
can be worked to advantage only
when weather conditions are favor
able can be greatly improved by tile
draining, and these are the days
when the work of installing the tiles
can best be undertaken. The frost
is out Of the ground and digging
will be easy.
The increased yield OF the land
will more than pay for the labor aud
material used and there will be
sense Of satisfaction in tilling the
friable soil which crumbles under tsSt
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Poe In Baltimore,

To THE New YORK HERALD: There Is
evidence that Poe chose Baltimore as
his home and that It was here he re-
ceived his inspiration to write "The
Raven"
Baltimore has honored her gifted
adopted son by placing a tablet on the
wall of the Church Home and Inflrmary
at Broadway and F'airmount avenue,
where Poe breathed his last, and a fit-
ting monument has been erected over
his grave In the old Westminster
churchyard at Fayette and Green streets
in the heart Of Baltimore.
HENRY ENoELKEN.
PATERSON, N. T., March Is.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
| California mob took from iail

A California mob took from Jail a
negro suspected of attacking a
woman, but before using him violently
It led him before his. alleged victim
for identification. The woman said he
was not the man who had assailed
her. and the mob turned him loose.
This is an amazing reversal OF the
ordinary procedure of mobs, which is
to punish and then investigate. APP
parently there are degrees OF impetu-
osity even among mobs.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
wild Onion Also Has Text Book Worries

From the Arkansas Thomas Cat.
The patrons have complained so much
about the constant change OF school books
that the teacher OF the wild Onion school
has deemed It advisable to cut down ex-
penses by closing the school until the schol-
ars forget all they know so he can take
them through the same books again.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

The other day bomb maker in
New York city was blown up by his
own Internal machine, and yesterday
an assassin bent on killing the Mikado
was killed by the premature explosion
of his death dealing mechanism. These
were eminently satisfactory bombs. If
all anarchists and Black Hand oper-
ators used similar contrivances the
world would be more comfortable for
honest men,
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

IL Hobbies are really as efficient as
the utterances OF dissatisfied appli-
cants for legislation say they are, the
state might profitably hire few lob
byists to take care OF its interests at
the Capitol.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

Taxicabs have been put completely
under police control hy the Legislature
and the town will now see whether the
police can do as well regulating the
morals of public drivers as they have
in enforcing traffic regulations and
speed rules against them.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Weight in the Prize Ring.

Weight is supposed to equalize con-
ditions in all sporting contests.
whether men, horses or fowls are
up for consideration. 1t is the
equalizer the expert employs in rae
ing to bring two or more horses to-
gether, while gamecocks are classi-
fed according to their pounds.
In the prize ring men are graded
according to their weight, and it is
a generally accepted principle that
the fighter who goes above his class
is courting defeat. There have been
notable exceptions to this rule. FITz-
SIMMONS and MCCOY both fought and
overcame heavyweights, though they
were middleweights themselves; but
in the end both succumbed to the
inevitable when they tried to do it
too often.
A more recent example of a boxer
giving away weight and winning was
furnished in the recent fight between
HARRY GREB and Tom GIBBONS. The
former is really middleweight, but
he scored over his opponent, who is
called light heavyweight.
In every instance in which the
lighter man has won there has been
some outstanding quality to overcome
the advantage conferred by superior
bulk. In the case of FITzsIMMoNs
1t was largely tremendous hitting
power. 1t was McCoY's splendid SCI
ence that turned the tables in his
favor, while In GREB's case it was
his unflagging persistency in attack
that enabled him to win over man
who should whip him by all the or
dinary rules of the game.
Pugilistic authorities of the past
have said that man of $50 pounds
possessing skill, height and reach is
big enough to overcome any boxer
in the world, no matter how big he
might be. A man of that weight
with good feet and cool head
should be the ideal fighter among the
heavyweights. DEMPSEY scales
few pounds more than this at his
best, and for this reason it is use-
less to look for any ITO pound man
to deprive him of his title unless
nature should produce another prod
ICY like FITzsTMMoNs, who could hit
as hard as DEMPSEY and was his
equal in skill and ring generalship
as well as in the matter Of height
and reach.
DEMPSEY is singularly fortunate in
having no rival in sight beyond the
negro WILLS, and there Is little
chance of battle between them in
this country, SO pronounced is the
sentiment against mixed bouts. In
the meantime somewhere in the
United States there is the material
which will carry defeat to the pres
ent day champion, for it is written
that youth will be served, that with
the years comes certain defeat to
every champion of the prize ring.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Editorial wisdom In Kansas.

From the Wathcnd Times.
Some people get mad as hornets over
items in the paper that please others. You
never can tell. We hate most TO hurt the
feelings Of women. but II Is safer. for thev
arc more forgiving than men.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

"Helrs bells !" said Mr.. MAcMoNNrEs.
From an intervtet0 totth a reporter.
A debate between Mr.. MAcMoNNrEs
and General DAWES ought to be
worth hearing.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
YES. IN Go Fishin,.

From the BeilnDhdp ttvdsh.) RcuciHc.
Why not inaugurate For Heavens Sake
Let Us Alone Week.? Almost every con-
celvablc week has been put over In the
name Of something.
The Associated Press II exclusively entitled
TO the use for republication OF all news dis
patches credited to II or not otherwise
credited IN this paper. and also the local
news published herein.
All rlTats ~ r~puhiration of special dis
patches herein airs also reserved.
The New York herald., 1922-12-31
Art Objects
For the Home

Luster Bowls. in eight col
ors, $r.ro 10 Ss.s4 each.
Lily Bowls. with wrought
iron stand, SI.oS each.
Candle Shades, 4-inch parch-
ment, sec each.
Bridge Lamps. wrought iron,
with parchment shade,
ss.74 each.
Wooden Candles and Candle
Sticks, hand painted, sI.49
set.
Boudoir Lamps. with metal
base and decorated glass
shade, $3.50 each.
Pedestal Clocks, tor desk or
boudoir. solid mahogany.
s4.o6 each.
Console Sets, mahogany fin
ished, three pieces, 1896
set.
Pottery Wall Pockets, green
and blue, sI.Io each.
Venetian Glass Vases. two
sizes, 9Sc and sag each.
Book Ends, all metal, bronze
finish, with American In
dian design, s4.S6 pair
Rs~vss basement,
RWs sith street. Front.
The New York herald., 1922-12-31
&KMEz;ogr&&a &; ; t: q! s.!!:!!
HERALD SQUARE syzzC. q NETWORK
Continuing the January Sale of
Household Linens and Towels
At Very Special Prices

Pure Linen Damask Cloths and Napkins
Our inportations from Ireland. Snow white and
satiny, pure linen damask; circular floral patterns
70x70 $4.96 each 70x108, H.94 each
7ox8S, $6.44 each Napkins 22x22, $654 doz
Pure Linen Dari1ask Napkins
Heavy and sturdy quality white and satiny 2ox20
$496 dozen.
Hemstitched Pure Linen Damask
Cloths and Napkins
Snow white pure linen dan1ask finely and satny;
attractive circular pattern and neatly henstitched
66x66 $5.94 66xl04, S8.44 -
66x86 $6.94 Napkins 20x2O, 1914 doz.
Fancy Turkish Towels, 49c each
Closely of merccrzed yarns absorbent and
soft. All Jacquard in pink, blue gold and
lavender.
Pure Linen Twilled Kitchen Towels, 34c each
Heavy pure linen and very absorbent The word Kitchen
typed center in red. He1nmed 2lx27.
Pure Linen Crash Toweline, 39c yard
Suitable for dish roller towels it is heavy and closely
of fax yarns colored borders II inches wide
MacyS-secend Center