The Holly chieftain., 1922-05-18
RULERS IN EXILE
Trouble Making Monarchs Who
Were "Set Down."
Case Of the Late Emperor Of Austria
and That Of the Great Napoleon
Similar.

Banishment Of trouble-making for
mer monarchs to islands Of the sea
Tar from their One-time dOmini0ns Is
an uncommon procedure, but prece-
lent for the plight of former Emperor
Shardes of Austria-Hungary, who was
recently exiled to Madeira. Is found In
The banishment of Napoleon /, who
passed six years on st. Helena in the
South Atlantic, 700 miles from the
| nearest land, a prisoner, more than
century ago.
st. Helena is not only much small
er than Madeira, but, compared to
the latter, is as "a DEVILS island" to
paradise. Five-sixths of its area is de-
void of vegetation and, aside from an
army garrison, there are no big towns
Dr. other evidences Of life.
Madeira, five times the size of st.
Helena, is an ocean garden spot. Fun
chal, its chief city, has a population
Of more than 10000, and the island,
one Of group Of four owned by
Portugal, produces some of the most
famous wine and laces in the world.
as well as an abundance of fruits,
grains and sugar. Oxen are mainly
used for agriculture, instead Of draft
horses and other farming methods
are primitive. Less than 2 per cent of
| the people can read and write.
The Portuguese military garrison is
very small, and Charles, Zita and
their six small children had every
freedom except that of an unchup-
eroned ocean voyage. Napoleon was
guarded day and night by soldiers.
Madeira. the Portuguese word for
forest" Is directly In the Atlantic
ocean trade routes. st. Helena, Brit
lsh naval coaling station, often doesn't
see ship for days. Madeira is port
Of call and thus is kept In daily touch
with the outside world. The island,
400 miles west of Morocco, has a
temperate climate. 1t is IL miles wide
and IS miles long and elliptical In
shape. Three other Islands nearby
complete the Madeira group. They are
Porto Santos, which, with Madeira.
have a population of 10000, and the
Desertas and Selvagens, two smaller
islands Of volcanic origin. The latter
are uninhabited rock formations jut-
ting out Of the sea.
NapOleOn's banishment in 1914 was
no less bitter than Charles The for
mer Empress Josephine had died and
his living consort, Marie Louise, with
her son, the little prince of Rome.
had gone from Fontainbleau to Vien-
ma following the emperor's abdica-
tion. Meanwhile the Allied powers had
ceded to Napoleon the island of Elba
in the Mediterranean, and there as
sovereign" he might have passed the
lity. Eleven months of retirement,
however, sufficed to spur him to es-
cape and new adventures.
! He had been brought to Elba
aboard the British warship "Daunt-
less" on April 20, with royal dignity
and consideration. On the night of
Feb 20, 1915, with 1000 followers he
slipped out of Porto Ferrajo and then
began the famous zone Hundred
Days" in which he sought to regain
the throne of France. He gathered
| strength in men and guns as he
| crossed the Alps and marched on
Paris, but his reign as a constitution
al monarch was of short duration.
Great Britain, Russia, Austria and
Prussia declared him an outlaw and
raised 10000 troops to crush him.
The lost battle of Waterloo the fol
lowing June saw the end Of his power.
The former emperor threw himself
upon the mercy Of the British, failing
In an effort to flee to the United
States. He made overtures to Captain
Maitland of the warship Bellerophon,
who took him to Plymouth, Eng,
! pending disposition of his case by the
Allied powers. 1t was finally decided
! to send him to st. Helena and there
guarded by a strong British force, he
landed on October II. 1915.
For six years he lived In practical
solitude, writing his memoirs and
monographs on military campaigns
and political affairs, dying on May
5, 1921, of a cancer which had been
aggravated by deep periods of hatred
and depression. The British General
| Wilkes, the first governor of ST.
Helena, proved too lenlent with Ma
poleon and "too amenable to his In
fuence." and, as result, was dis
placed some years before the Cor
sican's death, by Sir Hudson Lowe.