davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Colville examiner. [volume] (Colville, Wash.) 1907-1948, 1922-02-11
St. Valentine Customs
Have Origin in Rome

st. valentines day is the 14th OF
February, and singularly ominous to
lovers. ST. Valentine is said to have
been bishop who suffered martyr
dom under the Roman emperor,
Claudius, or else under Aurelian in
271.
Like many another semi-Chris
tian custom, the day set apart to
the memory of st. Valentine in the
Christian calendar is an old pagan
festival upon which our ancestors
believed that the birds chose their
mates for the coming year. This,
at least, is the commonly received
version of our modern custom of
Choosing a valentine" on the 18th
of February and of sending a billet
doux or a fancy valentine through
the mail to some favored one.
In old Rome, the 18th of February
was the festival of Juno Februata
Juno the fructifyer), and the Ro-
man church substituted st. Valen-
tine for the heather goddess. At
that festival, called "Lupercilia," it
was there customary, among other
ceremonies, to put the names of
young women into box, from which
they were drawn by the men as
chance directed.
The Christian clergy, finding it diff
ficult or impossible to extirpate the
pagan practice, and in accordance
with their general principle to eradi-
cate the vestiges of pagan supersti-
tion by retaining the ceremonies but
modifying their significance, gave it
a religious aspect by substituting
the names of particular saints for
those of women. The saints whose
names were drawn were proposed for
imitation to the persons who re-
ceived the slips of paper whereupon
they were written, and in many re-
ligious houses, where this custom
still prevails, each member of the
community preserves his billet dur
ing the year, as an incitement TO
initiate the virtues and invoke the
special intercession of his holy val
entine.
However, the substitution Of the
names of saints for the names OF
lovers could not please the young
people forever. Though the clergy
repeatedly forbade the custom OF val
entines and ordered the use OF cards
with saints names, the old pagan
custom could not be abolished. The
boys and girls triumphed over the
saints and in the end the girls trl-
umphed over the boys, wrestling from
them their exclusive privilege OF
choosing mates.
The old custom of drawing names
is to this day observed in many parts
of England and Scotland in the fol-
lowing manner: A number OF clips
of paper with the names of an equal
number of men and women are
shuffled and drawn, so each young
man has a valentine in the person
of a Young maiden, and each maiden
draws a young man whom she calls
hers. The valentines give each other
gifts. and often this little sport ends
in love and marriage.
The Colville examiner. [volume] (Colville, Wash.) 1907-1948, 1922-02-11

]. C. Hard has been making i'm
provements in the arrangement of
show cases in the Smoke House"
which facilitates the service to Gus
toners.
The Colville examiner. [volume] (Colville, Wash.) 1907-1948, 1922-02-11

w. Townsend of Valley was in Col
vile Wednesday stopping at the
Hotel Colville.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17

What Men Admire Most in
Women is Perfect Health
the sign Of Strength
Bakersfield, Calif.-"Dr. Pierce
Favorite Prescription has been
great help to me as tonic Q,
nervine and l am glad to give
my recommendation. My heal
had become very poor; ! was 81
fering with inward weakness, ",
nervous, could not sleep, and lo
my appetite. was weak and 6,
fered with backaches and pal
in my side and my limbs acheG
/ was physical wreck when :
began taking the 'Favorite Pre-
scription' but it, completely cured
me of all my weakness and built me
up into good healthy, strong con-
dition. Mrs ] Stingley, 2123 @ St
Go now to your nearest drug
store and obtain this Wonderful
Prescription of DIR. Piercoz n
tablets or liquid or send ice for
trial pkg. to DR.. Pierce's Inyalids'
Hotel, in Buffalo, n Y, and write
for free medical advice,
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
President Would
Speed Up Program
Harding Drives Con
gress to Pass Urgent
Legislation.

WASHINGTON-President Hard
ing is extremely anxious to have con-
gress, without unnecessary delay, pass
the several more important admins
tration measures now pending, but he
disapproves of organized group op-
position to the legislative program as
agreed to by the president and lead
ers in both house and senate. He is
holding almost daily and nightly con-
terences with party leaders regarding
legislation, and with all of those at
tending these conferences he has made
plain his intentions as to his asserting
leadership.
Senators Kellogg of Minnesota,
Capper of Kansas and Kenyon Of
Iowa, leaders of the farm bloc" in
the serate, have been summoned to
White House conferences. and the
president has in no uncertain terms
made known to them his disapproyal
OF bloc-sponsored legislation provid-
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
Muscle Shoals Is
In Great Demand
Three Propositions Are
Made to Government
By Investors.

WASHINGTON = Three PROPOSE
tons to lease and operate the federal
plant at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, are
now before Secretary Weeks? In ad-
dition to the proposition of Henry
Ford of Detroit and c. c. Tinklerof
San Francisco, is one from Frederick
E. Engstrum, president of the New
port Shipbuilding company OF Will
mington, N. c.
Chief provisions of Mr.. Eng
strum's bid, which guarantees COM
pletion of the dams and nitrate plants,
the latter being remodeled to manufac-
ture that product, call for an expendi-
ture of $36,0O0,000 by corporation to
be formed, operating of at least one
plant within year after the property
comes within his possession, and GOV
ers a contract period of production for
fifty years.
Negotiations between the secretary
and the proponents of the various in
terests involved, it was said, will pro-
coed independently until final selec.
ton is made and the whole transac-
ton submitted to congress for its III.
innate decision.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
Halt Construction
OF Reserve Plants
P r p osed Legislation
Stops Widespread
Building Program

Observation-Disclosures of all
federal reserve banks have been ad-
vised by Governor Harding of the
federal reserve board to stop all con-
struction work for which contracts
have not yet been let, pending the out
come of legislation before congress
to require congressional authorize
ton for building operations by federal
reserve banks.
This action, Governor Harding
said. will stop building operations
planned in St. Louis, Minneapolis,
Cincinnati, Baltimore, Nashville, De-
troit, Jacksonville, Louisville, Denver,
Oklahoma City and Salt Lake City.
Governor aHrding made public a let
ter from Secretary Hoover to the
board, calling attention to the rec
ommendation of the national confer
ence on unemployment that all fed
eral agencies and federal reserve
boards should expedite as far as pos
sible public work in an effort to pro-
vide work. In reply to Mr.. Hoover,
Governor Harding made public let
serve banks building program would
have to await the action of congress
upon the proposed regulatory legis-
lation.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
Grade Crossings
To Be Eliminated
New Federal Highway
Act Introduces New
Construction Plan.

WASHINGTON-The grade cross
ing must go and they will be elimin-
ated wherever possible on the roads
of the federal aid system, which will
be built as a result of the passage of
the federal highway act. When the
roads which form the primary or in
terstate system are constructed, no
grade crossing will be allowed to re-
main that it is at all practicable to
avoid.
In making this announcement the
bureau of public roads, United States
department of agriculture, under
whose supervision the fund is allotted
and construction is undertaken, is put
ting into effect policy which it has
long advocated in principle, and whose
adoption it has urged with increasing
effectiveness upon state highway Of
trcials for some time past The pol
icy is meeting with hearty cooperation
on the part of the states, and the
American Association of State High.
way officials by resolution has Piled.
ged its best efforts to cooperate tc
eliminate grade crossings on new con.
struction.
Instead of grade crossings there will
be constructed, wherever possible, il
the future either bridge or an un
derpass where roadway and railwa,
intersect. Important roads, which
now cross and recross railroad line.
at grades hereafter will be located en-
tirely on one side of the railroad, ever
though to do so may increase the cos
OF construction. State officials, rea
LIKING the need of eliminating grad,
crossings, have stated their desire t,
cooperate with the department in car
rying out this plan.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
Deny Narcotics
Followed Booze.
Drug Habit Not Related
To Prohibition
Laws.

WASHINGTON - The suggestion
that prohibition has resulted in an in
crease in the number of drug addicts
in the country is denied by the mar
cotic division of the treasury depart
ment "The truth u.s." said Colonel
Forrer of the division, that victims of
the drug habit practically in every in
stance are young men and women,
often in their teens. Rarely are they
alcoholics. The difference between ar
alcoholic and a drug addict is that the
alcoholic after spree usually is sor.
ry, and, repenting, experiences a per.
iod of reform. The drug addict has
no such experience. Once a victim
there is rarely any cessation. The di
sease is rarely durable, and even wher
the body is cured the mental craving
continues" Colonel Forrer has com
piled statistics for the months o.
July, August September, October
and November, showing the arrests il
several of the larger cities for tina
period. They were: Boston, SO; New
York, 106; Philadelphia, l18; Balti
more, 220; Richmond, E; Atlanta, So
Chicago, 1856; Minneapolis, 167; Den
yer, IFS; San Francisco, 1888; Littl,
Rock, 364; Ell Paso, 202; Hawaii, 4
and 852 convictions were obtained.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
Fox Farms Prove
Highly Productive
Highest Quality Silver
Fox Furs Produced
On Ranches.

WASHINGTON-According to es-
Inmates of the department of agricul-
ture, there are now between 10000 and
$4,000 silver foxes being raised in cap
tivity in the northern states. Silver
foxes are favored by the farmers be-
cause of the rarity of these skins,
which sometimes sell as high as $500.
The best location for a fox farm is
where the winters are cold and the
fox may have opportunity to develop
fur in keeping with the needs of the
climate. The industry is thus confined
by climatic conditions to the north
ern states. There the raising of foxes
for breeding and for the fur markets
flourishes. Most of the foxes raised
in captivity are on farms, or ranches"
with pens for from rs to so pairs, al
though in occasional instances the
ranches are much larger, containing
pens for as many as $50 pairs.
At this period of the year the fox
raiser is engaged in making ready for
the mating season. Foxes generally
breed in January and February, the
young being born within fifty-two
days. A pair of foxes raises one fami-
ly year, the number of young vary
ing from one to ten though rarely
exceeding FIVE or six. Most of the
fox raiser's troubles come when the
young are peculiarly susceptible wher
few weeks old, to attacks from
worms. Great care is necessary tc
carry the young foxes through thi.
period.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17
X X * XXX MMMM KSkMMMMX X y
X BREEZY SNAPSHOTS OF y
X THE AMERICAN LEGION y

* THE AMERICAN LEGION ri
X X KXMKKXK%xKM MM&M
Both eyes destroyed by American
shrapnel during the world war, Franz
Roheol, who served the Kaiser, now is
kept from suffering by an American
doughboy's discarded suit of "civvies."
Someone bought the clothing at a
rummage sale held by the American
Legion post of Maspeth, Long Island,
and sent it to a woman acquaintance
in Germany She gave it to the needy
German soldier.
Now | can use the little pension
the government gives me for food and
need not go hungry" the former
enemy soldier says in letter of
thanks to the Legion post. Ex-Sol-
daten Roheol lives in Ekren, Germany.
| American soldiers and marines who
won the coveted Congressional Medal
of Honor during the war will receive
1.-THE Italian war cross, officials of the
American Legion have been informed
by the Italian embassy. Gen. Vac
carl, chief of staff of the embassy, al
ready has begun distribution of the
medal. Steps have been taken by the
Legion to also obtain the cross fer
naval men who received the Congress
sional medal.
Members of the American Legion
all over the country hereafter will be
kept informed of what Congress and
the government are doing for ex-
service men through weekly bulle-
tin issued by the Legion's legislative
committee. The bulletins will be sent
to all Legion newspapers and publica-
tions and state officials.
More than 10000 FORMER service
men are suffering from tuberculosis in
Denver, according to c. J. Harris,
director of the American Legion's
service division, who is making an in
vestigation of the care of these men
The situation is getting beyond the
control of civic authorities and ade-
quate hospital facilities are pressing
need, Mr.. Harris reports.
Marriage after the entrance of
America into the world war did not
constitute an attempted evasion of the
| draft so as to deprive the service man
I of bonus claim under the Minnesota
e statute, the Minnesota supreme court
: has ruled.
: Parents or wives of Americans who
o died overseas during the world war
and whose bodies have not been re.
e turned would have an opportunity tc
S Visit the graves of their deceased a
r government expense in a resolution
d introduced into Congress by Repre-
: sentative Hamilton Fish, New York
S a member of the American Legion
e The resolution directs the Secretary
g of War to provide transportation t.
f. American cemeteries overseas.
l. %
n A request that the United State
e government be asked to negotiate al
l. agreement with Great Britain 70
l. reciprocal treatment of disabled wa
o veterans, travelling or residing il
l. either country, will be considered a
the next meeting of the Legislative
II committee of the American Legion
in Such an agreement is in effect be
/ tween this country and Canada.
h Neutrality of Wyandotte post of tn
&C American Legion, Kansas City, in tn
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17

a. That the League Of Nat Nat'4 3hs use Sc
Of any and ali shells and other mann nrS' can
r my he barred in all future wars wa
Quoted by civilized nations
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17

why was DR.. * kH' e1ab Sc ib rars"
ren DTner caught him aessn'% mir bsoy
removing the appendix '''
he was reading
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17

ing farmer representation on the fed
eral reserve board, besides indicating
to them that he proposes to use the
full weight of his office. to defeat op-
position to the administration legis-
lative program.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17

strike of packing house employees has
been commended by the Central Labor
Body in letter signed by the presi-
dent of the organization. The labor
body is composed of representatives
of all organized crafts.
General Armando Diaz, commander
of the Italian armies during the war
was casualty following his tour Of
the United States as guest of the
American Legion When he arrived
in Naples, it was found that he had
sprained finger from the cordially
of the thousands of American hand
shakes At the Italian embassy,
Washington, he shook 700 hands in
one evening.
American Legion members are
urged to pay poll taxes, register and
make no attempt to dodge jury duty
as part of the activities for 1922 in
instructions prepared by Alvin NJ :.
Owsley, director of the Legion's
Americanism commission. The Lee
gion men are urged to make full use
of the franchise and prevent miscar-
riages of justice under the jury trial
system.
| All American Legion posts in Mis-
souri, have been called upon by DR..
Harry F. Parker, state commander
to back $60,OOO,OOO bond issue for
the construction of hard roads. Elk
service men will have preference in
employment.
Many sick and wounded ex-soldiers
who travelled far to obtain treatment
in the army and navy hospital at Hot
Springs, Ark, are in destitute cir.
cumstances after they have been re-
fused admission to the hospital, &C
cording to national headquarters o.
the American Legion. Only the
surgeon general of the army or the U
is. veterans bureau can admit men tc
treatment there.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-01-17

SUGGESTIONS OF A DOUGHBOY
being the suggestions of Dough
boy on the manner of conducting the
next war, together with certain re-
Elections on the conduct of the last
one.)
The Columbia evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1920-1923, 1922-01-05

with serious anticipation. We feel kin.
ship with you because We know that you,
too, are preparing for it. From each
according to his abilities. to each accord
ing to his need, We shall work together
towards common goal, the betterment
Of humanity"
From THE STUDENTS OF THE
SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM
IRL W. BRowN,
ALL.DEPARTMENT PRESIDENT.
CoLUMBA, Missouri, OCr. 8, 1921.
The Columbia evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1920-1923, 1922-01-05
FARMERS EAGER TO LEARN
Record.Breaking Attendance at Ag-
ricultural Meetings.

JEFFERSON CITY. No.. Jan. 5.-The
aitcr.iance at Farmers Institutes or
miscellaneous meetings Of farmers ad-
dressed by representatives Of the Mis-
souri, State Board of Agriculture during
the year 1921 broke all records. the
grand total Of 695 sessions in 96 counties,
amounting to l99084 persons, averaging
287 meeting. at a cost Of s22.20 meet
ing. or 7.6 cents a person attending, ac-
cording to the New Year announcement
Of Secretary Jewell Mayes.
]. Kelly Wright and Samuel NJ. Jor-
dan. the two regular field men at the
head Of the work in the country. are
two Of the best known. Oldest. and most
successful workers in developing contin-
uously on full time this particular type
Of work among farmers in the United
States. W. d. Mckee filed many dates,
and has many years Of agricultural lee
ture work to his credit. Twenty-one other
men did part.time or day work in this de-
partmen during 1921.
The Columbia evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1920-1923, 1922-01-05
SURVEY SHOWS
EXPENSES ARE
REDUCEDHERE
Average Monthly Expenditure
During Fall Mouths for
a Columbia Family
Is 5000.
WIDE RANGE Is NOTED
$500 a Year Is Claimed to Be
Total Amount Supporting
Eight Who Live in
Rented House.

Living expenses have been MATERIAL,
reduced in Columbia during the lasi
year. according TO a trade survey com
piled by the Columbia Evening Mis-.
sourian during the latter part of De.
cember.
In tabulaiing the Interesting data de.
rived from sample section of 225 CO.
lumbia families, their average monihly
expenditure during tine fall months, was
found to be 5000. The average NUN.
Der Of members in these families was
I.3.
Scarcely street in the city was left
untouched in selecting the homes from
which the estimates we're secured. Both
white and colored we're included. Stu
dents or non.residenis we're excepted.
Anon gthc number selected we're mer-
CT MS, miners, porrers. bankers. cdu-
Gators. clearinghouse keepers, farmers,
ministers, professional men, laborers.
clerks and all the thousand and one
divisions of employment that are es-
sential TO city the size Of Columbia.
Fifty-nine per cent Of the DDS owned
their own homes compared with the 81
per cent who were tenants.
OF the total number, SO expressed the
view that living expenses had been de-
cidedly lowered in Columbia during the
past twelve months; Is thought them
A. Il
The Columbia evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1920-1923, 1922-01-05
Dobbins at Hitching Posts Have
Given Way to Muddy Fivvers

! of news for the entire district. The
main division Of these throngs is that
of the farmer contingent. And they are
in town to purchase needs for the COM
ing week and TO visit.
At present. topics Of politics are a
matter of prevailing interest. But the
time on the farms is the easy time now; !;
and while the folk are busy gathering
up corn. husking it and shocking the
stalks for fodder, there is opportunity
for pleasure the city deni4ens never
realize. Halloween time. especially,
when the jug is flied and The pcr-corn
affords amusement as well as delicate re.
freshment at a neighborhood. gathering,
is time for jollifcation in the realm
Of Chea.
"Huskin' is now goin' on right smart"
said one old gentleman who has lived
for eighty-six years on a farm ten
miles south of Columbia. And the we'll
known "huskin' parties" are not uncom-
mon in this section of tie country now.
The matter of keeping land fertile al
so lends topic Of interest to the groups
conversation.
As one Of the old-timers puts it,
This new stuff used as fertilizer amt
none too good fer III land. ] say plant
it in clover and turn 'er under. Then
you kin raise as good crop the next
years as ever you see. That's my ex-
pcrience. =. land that's the way to learn
farmin' if you aim to know how 10 get
results"
While the teaching Of agriculture is
not regarded in any too high esteem by
the working farmers of the old school.
who think ''thc only way to get to KNOWN
how t farm is to farm" the work Of
the College Of Agriculture is appreciat-
ed by many Of their sons as is evidenced
by the growth Of this institution.
The Columbia evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1920-1923, 1922-01-05
NINETEEN DELEGATES NAMED
Buchanan County to Send Men for
Farmers Week.

The Buchanan County Court has named
the following men - delegates from that
county TO the annual Farmers Week to
be held here Jan. IL to 20:
S. S. Connett, Paul Kabus. John Mi
nor, 7. ]. Murphy. W. J. Wilson. Thorn
as A Davis and c. H. Brumley from near
St. Joseph; Jesse Rapp and Ben Stanton.
Easton; H. L. Graves, Louis: S. Samp-
son, R. H. Mitchell. S. A. Mallory and
". p. Allison, DeKalb; Richard Hamil.
ton, Clair; Joseph Connor, Rushville; K.
E. Trotier, Cover; Edward Matney and
David Means, Faucet.
The Columbia evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1920-1923, 1922-01-05

/ Muddy niycrs have given an adyanc
ed air TO Columbia's main streets on
Saturday afternoons and evenings, and
the old-,ime blue oyeralls have given
way to knee boots of leather and a pail
of khaki trousers. with big drabcolored
/ fur-collared coi;s covering the peren.
NAL blue shirt Of the farming folk as
they sojourn into town TO spend the
day and visit with the other of their
ilk from the countryside.
II is a fact iha, the old-iime hitching
post is a relic OF the past as the new
tangled motor car takes its 45-degree
angle along Eighth street. or in the line
of vehicles down the center Of Broad
way. And Saturday afternoon and ev.
ening in Columbia "ain't just what she
used ter be" There is an influx Of
agricultural gentry, to be sure. But the
agricultural gentry is keeping pace with
the times, and drives in with its gas
wagons and in lis post-bellum attire.
For the war certainly had something
10 do with the predominaiing style of
army pants and boots; sometimes the
latter have not been substituted for the
wrapped puts" And those whose
memory will recall the army days in
Columbia. when the S. A. T. C. took
over The town and the -nu" took over
the whole situation. will remember the
l. Al L A