davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

that the space surrounding a piece of
heated metal Is a conductor of
electricity. 1t has been demonstrate
ed more recently that this is due to the
release of electrons and that If an
incandescent metal be placed in a
bulb exhausted of all gases, pure elec-
irons will be liberated from the In
candescent metal.
In a acuum tube such as we are
using at the present time, the piece
of metal used to furnish the electrons
is called the flament and is usually
made of tungsten and sometimes Is
coated with oxides to increase the
electron emission. For convenience
the filament of a vacuum tube is heat
ed by a battery current and it is this
heat furnished by the battery current
that constitutes the force that dis
rupts the atoms of the filament and
liberates electrons.
Fig. III Is a spherical glass bulb
from which all the air and gases have
been exhausted and having mounted in
1t a filament CD which can be heated
to in%candescence by the "A" battery
connected to it, and the metallic plate
e. When the filament CD is heated
to incandescence by the "A" battery
connected across its terminals cleo
irons are emitted. Connecting the
cold plate Il to the incandescent fila
ment CD by means of the circuit E.
F-G-H which includes n current meter
and a "B" battery, with its negative
side connected to the filament lead
at ii and its positive side connected
through the current meter, the plate
becomes electrically positive with re-
spect to the filament.
Since like charges repel and unlike
charges attract, there will be a move
ment of electrons from the filament
to the positively charged plate, and
the current meter will show a detiec-
ton which indicates that a current is
flowing In the circuit E-F-G-H.
Increasing the "B" battery voltage
causes an increase In the current
flowing in the circuit E-F-G-H. the
plate circuit, until the positive charge
on the plate e Is so strong that all
of the electrons given off by the fila
ment are attracted to 1t. Assuming
that the temperature Of the 6lament Is
kept constant and that the plate vol
tage has been increased to the point
where all of the electrons given Off
by the flament are attracted to 1t,
any further increases in the 'B" bat
terry voltage will not cause any In
cult.
Increasing the temperature of the
flament will increase the total num-
Der of the electrons emitted.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

brown, taffeta frocks know no such
word as "fail" in their appeal to dis
eliminating They have been
developed in many ways, most of
them with self trimming, relying on
the adaptability of the silk for decora-
tive features, as in the frock at the
right of the illustration. Here taffeta
makes the picot-edged ruching that
trims the long sleeves of georgette
and the four panels of georgette that
float from the waist line to the hem.
The bodice is shirred into corded
seams and extended into a girdle.
In the frock at the left four panels,
longer than the skirt, are attached to
it with squares of heavy lace and
edged with saw tooth trimming of the
taffeta. The same trimming adorns
the short sleeves.
Summer entices the fancies of those
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
HARD TO STAND MOTIONLESS
Experiments Have Proved That There
Is Invariably a Certain Sway
ing of the Body.

In the Journal of Industrial Hygiene
W, r. Miles describes an investigation
of static equilibrium as a test of MO
for control. He measured the sway
Ing of the body when a man tries to
stand motionless with the eyes either
open or shut. The apparatus use
known as an ataxiameter, consists of
an indicator fixed to the head. which.
when it moves automatically records
all anterior, posterior or lateral COM
ponents of any sway present.
He found that practice with the ap-
paratus made bur little difference In
the capacity to stand steady; that the
amount of sway recorded varied a
yersely with the efficiency of the
neuro-muscular mechanism, and that
II was greater with the eyes shut than
oren. The persons with small feet
.end to sway more than short ones
with broader feet, but many 1ore OBJ
seryations are needed to establish a
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

called electrons. The apparent mass
of an electron Is about one-eighteen-
hundreth part of that of an atom of
hydrogen which Is the smallest of the
chemical atoms.
According to the electron theory
an atom consists of n definite num-
Der OF electrons grouped around a
nucleus having a positive charge and
so long as none Of the component
electrons are driven from the atom,
the latter possess no detachable charge.
The positive charge IN the nucleus Is
said to be exactly neutralized by the
negative charges on the electrons
grouped about II.
Suppose now that by some means
an electron can be detached from the
atom. Then the atom becomes what
is known as Il positive ion and II ex-
hibits the properties of n positively
charged body, or in other words since
an electron which carries a negative
charge has been removed from the
atom which has equal positive and
negative charges, the portion of the
atom now remaining has II deficiency
of negative charge and acts like any
positively charged body.
On the other hand If some force can
be brought to bear that will add an
electron to a normal atom which is
neutral as far MS electrical charges
are measured, the result will be a ne
gatlve ion, which will possess all the
properties of a negatively charged
body. An atom then which has a
deficiency of electrons Is called n pos
tive ion and one having excess of
electrons is called a negative ion.
Since each electron carries a ne
gative charge Of electricity an cleo
tron represents a certain quantity of
electricity. Forcing electrons to move
from one point to another causes
electricity to flow. The ability of any
medium to conduct electricity or allow
q current to flow through 1t depends
upon the number of free ~electrons
available as carriers of charges.
1t has been known for many years
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
VACUUM TUBE USED
AS RADIO DETECT0R
How This Device Depends on
Emission and Control of
Elections for Its Operation.

Readers of the radio column are
urged to clip each article and paste
II in a file book. The articles print
ed are continuous and the entire
series wiH be valuable for reference.
The greatest advances made in the
past few years In the radio art have
been due In one way or another to
the use of vacuum tubes. In view of
this fact n more careful consideration
of them will be of interest.
All Of these tubes, known by a va
riety Of names, such as radiotron, au-
dion, ~seriotron Grade names of the
ma%nufacturer) depend upon the same
fundamental principles for their OPP
GRAFTON. For the sake of simplicity
of brevity these will be referred TO in
this column simply as u tubes.
A vacuum tube can be made to unc
ton as Il detector, as al amplifier, or
rs an oscillator.
The vacuum tube depends on the
emission and control of electrons for
Its operation. The electron is the
smallest subdivision of matter which
mankind recognizes and it carries the
smallest known charge of negative
electricity. For years previous to
electron research it had been held by
scientists that matter was built up OF
distinct particles or units which they
called atoms and molecules. At first
the molecule was assumed to be the
smallest quantity of matter that could
have a separate existence or take
part In chemical action, but more Wig
orous research pointed to the fact that
the molecule is made up of still small
err elements which are termed atoms j;
that is, a m%olecule may be composed
of several atoms. Then for a time II
was assumed that the atom was the
very smallest quantity of an element
that could exist, but later researches
have revealed that atoms may be
further subdivided into particles
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

styles, while foulard is a rival for
crepe in suppleness and at the same
time a wonderful medium for color
combinations, in a season that Is bent
on making the most of color. Along
with crepes it plays its part in simple
chemise dresses and draped effects
and we might wen have too much
of a good thing in these lovely straight
line frocks If it were not that taffeta
and organdie and Bingham make differ
ent but equally fascinating models that
rescue us from monotony in the mode.
In the colorful company Of slim,
summer frocks along come pretty
black taffetas for afternoon, like those
shown here, neither colorful nor slim,
but entirely confident of their charm.
In black especially, and in navy or
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
RADIO OF 1879 DISCOVERED
Instruments and Notebooks of David
Hughes, Pioneer in Wireless,
Found in London.

Instruments and notebooks of great
historic and scientific value to the stu
lent of wireless telegraphy have re-
Gently beer unearthed in London and
are now in the archives of the British
museum. They were the property of
David Hughes and the books are a
complete record Of his experiments In
wireless telegraphy forty-three years
ago-in 1879.
For twenty years they have been
stored in a furniture warehouse in
London and were brought to light
through the efforts of A. A. Campbell
Swinton and Col. ii. G. Lyons of the
Science museum.
The notebooks are many in number
and are said to be a complete record
of Hughes work in wireless, including
drawings and a description of his in
vention of the micrOphone. Among
the electrical instruments discovered
at the place named and Il part of the
inventors effects ware several hand
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

puts an end to the matter of decora.
lions. Another black hat has its wide
brim upturned at the front. 1t is a
spirited shape, fittingly trimmed with
a flare Of fancy feathers that spring
from a cluster Of fiat roses.
At the right of the group a leghorn
hat finds its usual place in the
summers sun, with huge dahlias set
fiat against it's crown. The hat of
straw braid at the bottom of the group
barely hints at the poke bonnet in
it's shape. It's indented brim is bound
with silk and about its crown are
grapes with roses and other flowers.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

proceed to translate We dawns and
Moons and nights into headwear.
Naturally variety in hats is unend-
in%g-there are hardly two alike-but
many of them have wide brims, and
variations Of the poke bonnet appear
among late arrivals. Materials are
airy, colors beautiful and very gen
erously received, nevertheless the big
black hat that belongs to midsummer
is not without a following. A tine
example of the all-black hat appears
at the top of the group illustrated,
1t Is made Of hair braid, its brim
curves upward, and is wldened by a
border of chiffon. Narrow silk braid
forms a simple scroll design on the
%underbrim and a fiat rosette of
feathers conferred with a Jet cabochon
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
ADVICE FOR AMATEURS.

The voltages applied to the
plate circuits of simplifying
tubes are not extremely critical
and one voltage control will suf-
fee. The detector tube, how
ever, Is often very critical and
an efficient potentiometer will
work wonders in controlling 1t.
Apparatus used for the recep-
ton of broadcastlng is exactly
the same rs that used for the
reception of code signals. The
transmitting equipment, how
ever, is different.
The use of Il single wire for
reception is advantageous be-
cause it lessons the amount of
objectional interference in the
way of static. 1t is equally as
good as a multiple wire system
for reception.
Defective "B" batteries will
often cause roaring in the tele-
phone receivers.
The electron often talked
about is the smallest known
quantity of negative electrical
energy. n motion ii makes up
the electric current.
A soft" vacuum tube is used
as a detector tube and n "hard"
vacuum tube as an amplitier.
The terms "hard' and soft"
refer to degree Of evacuation.
Radio waves travel at the
same speed rs light, namely
10000 miles per second.
A wavemeter is an instru-
ment used for checking up the
wave lengths of sending and re-
ceiving stations.
Gas pipe or water pipe sys-
TENS may be used for grounds.
the latter being more advisable.
Lightning protection secured
by grounding the antenna when
not in use Is essential and is re-
CURED by the underwriters.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Radiophones on German Trains.

Wireless telephone instruments will
be installed on a number of important
German express trains, and receiving
Instruments will be placed in hotels
and embassies, according to an an
nouncement made recently. Expert
ments conducted in a moving freight
car have shown that the wireless sys-
tenn works well, the men engaged in
the testing of the instruments being
able to hold conversations with friends
in Berlin. The tests were made under
the observation of engineers, military
attaches and the diplomatic repre-
sentatives Of the United States and
Sweden.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

made microphones, unquestionably the
work Of the inventors own hands and
with which he carried on some of his
experiments n wireless telegraphy.
There are also drawings made by
Hughes and descriptions of the sew
eral instruments, all making a COM
plete record, together with what the
museum already has acquired of the
earliest scientific inquiries in an art
that today is attracting the earnest
attention of the whole I.orld.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
The Folly of Wedding Beauty.

1t must be dreadful to be the hus-
band of a VIGOROUSLY beautiful wom-
an, three-quarters of whose waking
days is devoted to keeping her face
up to the mark. How humiliating to
hear ones self referred to as the hus-
band of that beautiful Mrs. Dash, my
dear. Such an ordinary looking man,
tool" A few short years of such bit
ter experience would be enough to
make any man wish that instead of a
wife he had acquired a bit Of old
Worcester china (not ~sauce), which
is just as good to look at, wears bet
ter, and costs less.-London Mail.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
FROCKS OF DARK TAFFETA;
VARIETY IN HAT STYLES

who create its millinery into many
lovely bypaths, and fashion for this
particular summer has brought a
wealth of inspiration to designers. The
philandering breezes of midsummer
are not more unfettered than the
genius of these same designers who
undertake to reflect the glories of the
season in hats that are laden with its
blossoms and fruits and gay with Its
colors. An %appreclative public gives
them encouragement and blithely they
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
normal for persons differing in stature
and weight.
They'd Need To.

She had decided not to go to high
school, but to take a business course.
Enthusiastically she told the princi-
pal of the high school the advantages
Of her choice.
"When l get that s%tenography
learned | can go right out and get to
be private secretary to some big man."
she said.
The principal, knowing the girl,
asked: "How about instruction in
English? Do they give any courses in
spoken or written English at your busi-
les school?"
Sure" the girl asserted. "They
learn you to talk and write %correct."--
New York Evening Post.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Alice in the
Subway,
By JANE OSBORN
HoaaoQUpI6HHH1ca1oaH

g. 1922. by Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate.
He was the kind of man who seemed
to be holding a continual competition
for the 'prettiest girl" or 1.-THE most
beautiful girl" In this competition he
was sole judge and the contestants
were girls he CHANGED to meet or to
see anywhere. When he went into q
restaurant where ONE served he
cast his eyes about to find the girl
who, in his opinion. was the prettiest.
linen he took a seat at a table that
seemed to be in her zone. After a
glance he could tell you which of the
girls was the prettlest, which the
most beautiful. In the Office of a
friend he would look about in search
of the ~best-looking stenographer. 1t
seemed to be a game that interested
him immensely and that made even a
ride in a crowded subway car INT
thing of an adventure.
Thus he was engaged one afternoon
when the Offices of the business Sec
ton had just poured forth ftheir thou
sands of young women to make their
way jloIlcN dld. 1llS llInc tHC luui "a
were awarded without delay. The girl
who stood opposite him in the vesti-
bule of the subway car was so fresh of
face, SO gracefully proportional, so
brown of eye and golden of hair that
she won with flying colors. In fact
she was probably the prettiest girl he
had ever seen in a subway train. In
foot che u,oc norbonc tho nrntfinct
girl he
Then the surprising thing happened.
The pretty girl, with quick color COM
ing to her cheeks, stepped over to
him with hand Outstretched.
You're John Laurence, aren't your"
she said with perfect conviction. II
haven't seen you for ten years, I'm
sure. Yet l knew you in a FASH"
1t was surprising, because the girl
didn't look at all like the girl who
would respond so quickly to his look of
searching interest.
you bet 1 am. John Laurence's my
name. all right"
You don't remember me?" she
asked with a little disappointment.
II remember your face-couldn't
forget that" he assured. But for
the minute the name has slipped me-"
"Alice," she reminded. Il used to
sit in front Of you in school. You
used to walk home after school, too,
and carry my books. And l used to
call you Johnny to tease you, and you
used to put the end of my braid In
your ink WE'LL"
$50 l did, so I did. You look just
the same. Let's see, how many years
ago was that?"
'"Ten, wasn't it?" she figured. 1--WE
were fifteen then and we're twenty
five now. That's ten, isn't it?"
Enormous satisfaction swept over
the a He was thirty-two and a
girl who didn't look nor than twenty
atha HERs her own age.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Batik Blouses,

Batik blouses once belonged to art
circles and to Greenwich Village. Now
they are as common as bobbed hair.
Many manufacturers of silk are now
making up silks in batik patterns
which cost considerably less than the
band-dyed product.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

a THOUGH the extensive and
"A long-lived family of crepes
still shows a disposition to crowd
all other fabrics off the earth,
in the roster of summer dress
goods a few irrepressible favor
ties hold their owl. Taffeta, organdie,
gingham, and foulard are among those
present In every representative col
lection. The first three, having tex
lures entirely different from crepey
weayes, provide for variety in the
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Work With Your Own Hands.

We beseech you, brethren, that ye
increase more and more, and that We
study to be quiet, and TO do your own
business, and to work with your own
hands, as we commanded you; that We
may walk honestly toward them that
are without, and that We may have lack
of nothing.-I Thess 4:10-12.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Still DOING Business.

Mrs. Trotter-Yes, we're just back
from Colorado. We've been up to the
top of Pixies peak.
Mrs. Homebody-Dear me! I've
heard my father speak of going up
Pixies peak when he was a boy. l
had no idea they still had it up there.
Houston Post.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Set That viii Not Freeze.

Jean Lecarne, q French engineer,
connected with Vallot observatory, at
the summit of Mont Blanc, in the Alps,
has invented a radio instrument which
is not affected by low temperatures.
He proposes the use of such sets by
mountain climbers and other adven-
tnrerS.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Snort Clothes.

There is a trend toward sport
clothes, and so this means straight.
lines and simple frOeks. However
there is almost infinite variety in the
materials. with their vivid colors anC
patterns. and a great deal of art EN-
broidery is used
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

you have Tksard
you had graduated from Harvard and
had gone in business with your uncle"
she said, and again the man swelled
with pride. So he looked like a Har-
ward man, did he? weren't we fool
ish?"- she went on. "You and l used
to be such good pals, John, and then
W. quarreled owe some trifle."
"We were more than pals, weren't
WEI" said the man, making a success
full effort not to overdo the matter,
yet eager to know what role he was
entitled to play.
"Oh, you used to make calf love,
John, but that doesn't count. Wen
forget all that. But I'd really like to
days" She put her hand nut. 'Come
and see me some time. l live exactly
where did ten years ago. The neigh
borhood hasn't changed. i am getting
out here tonight to see a friend"
And there the mar stood glued to
the side of the car. Why he didn't
follow the girl out of the car he could
Hol Cii. NItn lC Ndhlc W ilS ScIiStS
and tried to follow, the subway door
slammed in his face.
That night he took note of the facts
on hand. Though he had nc thought
at first that the girl was just getting
an excuse to talk to him he was as
sured, as her face and manner had
assured him that she was not the kind
of girl to do hat sort of thing. He
was sure of her story. She had simply
mistaken hin for some one else.
All he knew of her was that she
lived where she had ten years ago,
that her first name was Alice, and that
she had gone to school ten years ago
with a man named John Laurence,
now twenty-five, who had graduated
from Harvard, and bore a striking re-
semblance TO him, Jim Kelly. After
all, the clues were not bad. AS the
man thought 1t over, he believed that
the girl realized her mistake before
she left. Much as he admired his own
personal appearance he could not be-
lieve that she could have looked at
him as closely as she did and not
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Fear of Lightning.

lightning shy" radio fans have
been worried about the possibility of
dangers to the houses from the effect
of electrical storms on their aerlals.
If the aerial is properly protected ii
Is as safe Us the telephone wires.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
ris-Prudence.

An alien who was trying to be ex-
cused from jury duty said to the
Judge: Il can't understand good Eng
lish."
"Never mind" snapped the Judge.
"You won't hear any in this court"
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

L h e S e truths
have been formu-
lated into doc
trines. To "the
natural m q n"
t h e S e doctrines
are like the dry
bones of Ezekiel's
vision
many and very
dry To the re-
generated m a n
they are like the
other part of that
yision-when the
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Eestoons of flowers.

A popular use for flowers, both on
hats and gowns, is to hang them in
f%estoons. Many of the summer hats
pave flowers falling from the brlip
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

| and reaching TO the shoulders. Many
waist, with foliage and ribbons fall
ing down to the hem. They're de
lightfully suggestive of summer.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
IInfair Criticism.

What an absurd thing it Is to pass
over all the valuable parts of a man,
and fix our attention on his infirmities.
Addison,
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
Nowadays.

An optimist is a man who can see
a bright lining to other peoples
clouds.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21
= Christ, the
: Firstfruits :
By REV. JOHN C. PAGE
Teacher of Bible Doctrine. Moody
Bible Institute, Chicago.

TEXT-Now is Christ risen from the dead
and become the frstfruits of them that
slept Cor. l $500.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1922-06-21

The Bible is a book of facts out
of which issue great spiritual truths.