davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12
Marvellous Devices Keep
Vigil in Mighty
Power Plants.

other Of the silent wonder workers.
This time 1t Is a mechanism known
as ground detector. which indI-
Gates by CERTAIN electrical action
tne approximate part OF the circuit
that In damaged. enabling the line
men to find the mIshap In the
Quickest possible time.
Hurry Up squad Helps.
No electric service system could
pc ehicient without Its crew of
hnemen. The linemen are to the
electric public utility what the fire
department TO the community at
large. They are indispensable, even
with all the marvellous electr cal
devices that protect n system. be-
cause no machine has yet been in
vented that will replace a broken
wire, remove a fallen tree limb or
set up pole that has blown down.
These are the things the Enemen
do. They do them at all hours. In
all weathers. In fact a large pro-
portion of their work Is performed
in bowling billiards or roaring
gales. A typical severe storm at
sHS ShehbV tht tCdbOH keI
them out Of bed in a hurry, to rush
to some distant point and Chamber
up poles possibly ice-coated. repair
wire trouble and test the line after
the repairs are made.
They have antesprIt de corps OF
their own. these linemen. and Il all
goes to keep the current always
there" behind the push button and
beyond the snap switch.
Maintenance-a drab word. but
with much behind it-means SUI
preme vigilance by men and ma
chimes when applied to the far
spread physical structure that
gives the public its electricity.
DispatchiRE Current supply.
And continually. In the normal
operation of these electric public
utilities, men termed load dis
patchers direct, in the big sys-
TENS. the functioning of the diff
ferent stations and substations.
With telephone receivers fastened
to their ears they coordinate the
work Of the stations seeing that
"the load" Is kept up as the de-
mand for current swells and
slacks. The internal telephone line
which they use is especially pro-
tected by insulating transformers
against electrical interference
from the power transmission lines
for 1t must be kept always open
and the men must be able to use
Il with safety.
The establishment of superpoweI
zones will make the load dispatch
ers especially important. There
will lthen be not only communica-
tion between different power sta
tions Of one company, but inter
communication between the sta
tions of connected companies
Higher efficiency. yet lower cost
for the public Is forecast by the
superpower zones. say electrical
specialists.
Thus will be unfolded, according
to the nations electrical masters
Of industry. the electrical super
age" more tremendous than any
thing that ever happened before
1t marks the stirring Of a great
giant seeking to make himself YET
greater-for human welfare: il
marks the growth of mans might.
lest slave, striving to achieve per
feet efficiency in slavery for tht
good of man in that magic Utopiar
yet utilitarian area behind th'
push button and beyond the snaI
| switch.
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12
$~4$

from other sources than lightning.
Short circuits occur. met by other
protective devices known as oil cir
cult breakers. which also know just
what to do without human instruc-
tios. nor there are accidental arcs.
against which the magnetic blow
out or the oil circuit breaker are
effective. All the large systems use
the grounded neutral" method of
further guarding the line.
Sometimes parts of the delicate
switchboard apparatus in the CEN
trail power station get out of order
Once that would have meant seri-
Gus interruption to the service. but
now there is coming into use the
truck type switchboard panel. This
type is built in movable sections, so
that a section which has given out
for any reason can.be wheeled out
AMI a reserve section wheeled into
place-with an interruption Of per-
haps a minute OF two.
BIissful Normally fer Many.
If the utmost efforts had not
| been exerted to approach perfection
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12
TAXES PROTECT
VIENNA PROPERTY
Fear of Galician Spectators
Allayed by Changes in
The Laws.

VIENNA, Feb. ll.-Fears that
spectators from GaIicia. who now
own most Of the liquid capital Of
Vienna, will push out the old vien-
nese property owners are less war
ranted than usually believed. ac-
cording to friends of the recorder
of deeds.
The government. it is said, has
averted this danger by making it
little inducement to either buy or
sell property. Wholesale exchange
Of property is prevented by a tax
on sales which works a hardship on
the seller and profits from build
ings are restricted to the extent
where there is little IL any induce
ment for the buyer.
Liability In Property.
In fact, in many cases owning
property Is almost a liability. For
example. apartment houses have
rent fixed by the government which
In many cases brings in only one
NTH OF what Il costs to keep the
buildings in repair. Now a clause
making the tenant responsible for
repairs 10 being inserted in the con-
tracts, but this usually applies only
to the apartments and not to the
roof. stairs. or central heating,
plumbing. and electric systems.
Many Austrians have been pleased
to rent buildings to Americans for
exactly what the taxes and repairs
cost 49,.
Hotels, however, that cater TO the
foreigners, are less restricted,
charging as much a day for a room
as the third or fourth class hotels
catering to Austrians charge for a
month.
Few Preatable Industries.
In fact, the main hotels. cafes,
and the bourse are the only profit
able industries that on FIRST OBJ
servation strike the eye Of the for
eigners- To such an extent the
cafes. which cater to foreigner and
"sheber" trade charge that many
members of old viennese families
refuse to visit them even with for
eigners because Of the reflection
this throws on them that they are
numbered among the .profiteers.
IS 10 the exchange of money,
thousands live by 1t. 1t would re-
quire careful mathematics to dis
cover of which Austria has most
workdays or holidays. The latter
catch the foreigner unawares and.
with the bourse closed. he Is COM
pletely at the mercy of a ring OF
exchangers more mercilessly grasp
ing than tweed chains and more
solidly organized than Ford.
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12
NINTH FIRE VICTIM
TAKEN FROM RUINS

RICHMOND. Va. Feb. 1.-THE
charred and mutilated body of the
ninth victim OF the Lexington Hotel
holocaust was dragged from the
ruins, at $3.50 o'clock this morning.
1t was the body of a man, but was
otherwise unrecognizabie.
The body discovered early this
morning was the sixth extricated
from the wreckage, the three others
having been killed in an attempt to
escape from the burning building.
The bodies Of Capt Shaw, Sam Ashe
and e. J. Bush are the only victims
OF the blaze taken from the ruins
to be Identified.
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12


the principles Of the English lib-
erals.
x......-..t. - ,.
"e
oemocrauc party ot most countries.
was' Of French origin. based on the
rrencb sd,ss ana princin,s. a, a.
-. ,,s,,-1 my
efees ""' ''oOSaiohh'
the repuoiican- party OF Rousseau
origin. although at one time r-re.,t,,
,,,,ua,a.a h,, ~. ,,.~~.n,,.fN.,
80 - 1.Ts..s.t - .-.,,,.s ~ ~ ihcl-
- d. .-,-,-.I ,o-ei,. caase iNreeiy
rs .t-.,,..' -.
r-. .sSr . sso OF
-. sS.as-. - ,. Argely
1 80 noch the
soue l"e DNi DAuoet-Aaauras
pa,y 9I
me iesIian socisai.t patty mas chung
pretV eteaoity 70 the herman ideas
OF socialism, WINE me Communl It
party came. OF course, ><Ath the post
WAY wave OF Solsnevlsm:
as VIII thus De seen Ataly had no
party OF purely natlNe origin un-
III win the close OF the war. Don
S.urzo iaoneheo ms Fopular party.
NnIIe tnis is = clerical party. IL is
ne.ertheless OF purely itaiian cier-
S Ano oes no resemoianoe
10 ue oeInAn center
enu very niue 10 the belgian
ceehOi.c parg.
ei rover.
"e aouhoihe success winch
.e PA mas e IN the two
% iNs eAsteee, , hoioihg as u
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12

Power Zones to Band All
Nation in Triumph
OF Utility.

Among electrical folk there's q
new idea at work. 1t Is that Of the
superpower zone, which Is taking
slow shape on the horizon as a fas-
cinating possibility.
This proposition. broad and bold.
Is q mammoth drive to put electrf-
car happiness Into the lives of the
American people with such thor
oughness as was never before
dreamed Of.
Many think this is quite over
Utopian for a prosaic utilitarian en-
terprtse. But for such as believe
SO the most surprising experience
would be a chance to watch the
queer world that huns away behind
the push button a6 beyod the sap
switch.
1t Is a world Of masterly men and
monster machines. 1t Is a woric Of
cleaning switchboards and singine
wires, the world of the central pow
or station.
The electrical forces Of America
have taken that mysterious thing
called human life and have enlarg-
ed its economic front yard. Today.
as a result. towering triumphs of
invention and organization are
crammed into two words-electric
service. And still more triumphs
are possible under the superpower
zone plan.
Propose Eastern Zone First.
1t is not a complicated plan. In
certain large areas of the United
States, mapped around the big cen
ters Of population, there is to be a
realignment of central power sta
tions. those big plants where elec-
trio energy is generated and sent
forth. Instead Of many relatively
small power plants. there are to be
a comparatively few large plants.
In the first of the superpower
zones to be definitely proposed. the
territory of which will lie along
the Atlantic seaboard from South
ern Maine down to Maryland and
will extend inland $50 miles, in
stead of the present 315 independ-
snt electric generating stations, 1t
Is proposed that there shall be but
ffty-one- About two-thirds of
these are to be hydro-electric
plants: the others will be steam
electric.
The hydro-electric plant gener-
ates electricity from water-power
1t uses the much-touted white
coal" Sometimes IL is an auto
matte station, which runs all alone
far of beside the cascades of some
mountain stream. quite without
human supervision except for oc-
casional visits from inspectors.
The superpower zones, inter-con-
Meeting any number of electric
service corporations, will eventual
ly save enormous sums; they will
increase efficiency and decrease
costs to the public. in the opinion
of their advocates.
To Use Long Transmission.
Some of the power distribution
lines will be $50 miles long, and
OF 100000 volts. At present voltage
of s220.000 volts At present. there
is only one place in the world
where so high a voltage is even
contemplated. That is in California,
where a 100000 volt transmission
line is to be put in operation this
year.
Once II was thought that a volt
age as high as that on transmission
wires would be a difficult problem.
But the million-volt tests made by
engineers of the General Electric
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12
Funds Sought for Lincoln
Memorial University, Tenn.
Institution at Cumberland Gap Transforms
Uncouth Mountain Folk Into Ph. DIS
And Educators.

Il saw in the raIaIog about the
school where you take fellers that
don't know nothin' much and sorter
start them out fer to git an ejuca-
tion, and I've come, me and this
other teller here, fer to see if we
can git in"
The speaker was a broad-shoul-
dered youth about is. He was
dressed in suit of brown cordu-
roy, heavy shoes. blue shirt, no
tie. His hair was father long and
uneven. and his face was covered
with a downy growth that would
be beard some day. His manner
was tense, awkward and uneasy.
But in spite of this there was
something about him that spelled
strength. decision and purpose.
That was two years ago. Last
July this youth passed successful
ly the Tennessee State elementary
teachers examination, being one of
the very few who earned a five
year teachers certificate.
"Henry' No Exception.
This youth. they call him Henry
at the school back at the GAP, Is
not an exception. There are fifty
more of him this minute in the
Opportunity School of Lincoln
Memorial University, a memorial
to Abraham Lincoln in the noun
tains of the South, situated at his
toric Cumberland Gap, Tennessee,
at the corner of Kentucky and
Virginia.
And there are more Henrys want
ing to be- there IL the school only
had the room and could provide
some way of meeting a part of
their expenses ''and sorter start
them out fer to git an ejucation."
1t was twenty-five years ago to-
day, February IL, 1897, that a
charter was granted by the State
Of Tennessee to Lincoln Memorial
University. The school was started
in an old sanitarium building, the
wreck of "boom-day" mountain
health and pleasure resort.
Today Lincoln Memorial Univer-
sity is an institution. with more
than 700 earnest students and
would have 1000 If 1t had the IA
cilities to care for them. 1t has
campus of fifty-two acres on which
there are ten large brick and stone
college buildings and a number of
smaller ones. There Is a univer-
loAh OL tlO dCTeSf
and two miles away a forest tract
OF 1850 acres. Seventy per cent
Of the students, boys and girls,
for the school is co-educational,
are working their way. paying all
or a substantial part of the ex-
penses Of their education.
Once Miner, Now Ph. d.
And don't think they fail to get
q real education. Take the case
of DIR. William A. Mccall, who
won his degree Of doctor of phtlos-
ophy at Columbia University, and
now Is a professor in the depart
ment of educational psychology in
that great New York Institution.
He was q coal digger in the mines
of Southeastern Kentucky before
the door OF opportunity was opened
10 him.
There is Harry o. Bales. attorney
~
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12
House Erenpfs Farm
Organizations as Trusts

The House yesterday adopted. 27s
to 8. the Senate amendment to the
cooperative marketing bill which ex-
.enpts farmers cooperative organ
/, zations from the provision Of the
,nti-trust laws, .4.a
The bi1 now goes to the Pres
,dent forbhis signature.
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12

law degree at Columbia. Before he
went to Lincoln Memorial Uniyer-
sity he was an illiterate mountain
youth in jefferson County, Tenn.
During the world war. Bales, a
graduate of the first officers train
ing camp. was, a lieutenant of avia-
tion and served as an observer at
the front IN France.
And thRfs Jennie Burkes, a ma
tive mouh In girl of the Cumber-
land Gap section. She walked two
miles over the mountain to school
every day to get her EDUCATION"
When she had completed her course
she was made superintendent of
schools OF her county and the then
State superintendent of public in
struction is authority for the state
ment that her county made greater
progress during her administration
than any other couny in Tennessee.
Lately she has been mentioned in
the papers of her district as a can
didate for Congress, the first woman
in Tennessee to receive this consid-
Grafton.
Book Opened New World.
China Hall, a typical girl of the
mountains, living twelve miles off
the railroad, never had seen a book,
except the family Bible and her own
meager school texts, until she came
under the Lincoln Memorial infiu-
ence. Her teacher, an L. NJ. U. prod
uct, gave her a copy of a little
classic, The King of the Golden
River" China read 1t. 1t opened
new world to the girls mind. She
sold eggs and saved nickles and
oh h
read every classic listed on the
cover of her teachers gift. Later
she went to Lincoln Memorial Uni
versity, and today China Hall is a
successful teacher in Tennessee.
These cases are typical Of what
Lincoln Memorial University is do
Ing for the boys and girls of re-
stricted opportunity in the noun
talns OF the South, section that
mas the purest strain of pioneer
American blood of any part of the
United States, the stock from whicn
came Daniel Boone, Davy Crocketr.
John Sewer, Andrew Jackson, Sam
Houston, Henry Clay, Abraham Lin
coin.
Lincoln Memorial has the LAND
space on which to build. 1t has the
good will. appreciation and conf
dence of the mountains. 1t has an
organization of devoted men and
women working for Its success. 1t
offers opportunity to develop
great living memorial to Lincoln.
the kind of memorial that those.
who knew him in life believe he
would most appreciate and enjoy.
Contributions an Aid.
Already. as the foregoing sets
forth, much has been accomplished.
The university, in addition to IT'S
land holdings Of 2,S42 acres, its
buildings and equipment, has an
endowment of s64S.00e. A part OF
the income from this must be ap-
piled for the next four or five years
to the sinking fund to cover opef-
ations, properties and equipment
already kilized- This leaves abou.
$4,000 pr year from endowment
income for use In maintenance of
The Washington herald., 1922-02-12

If the utmost efforts had not
been eNerted to approach perfection
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1922-02-09
BY JOSEPH CULBERTSON
(This story was awarded first
prize in the Montana Newspaper
Association contest..)

l have been told by people who have
read much history that mighty ma
tions, with civilizations of high order,
have flourished in various places on
this earth for centuries, have built
great cities, have conquered contin-
ents and then have vanished SO COM
pletely that today their names are
hardly remembered. To the man who
has not read or thought much about
these things that seems hard to be-
iieve. But to one like me, who has
seen the shifting scenes of half a
century in Montana and has full
knowledge of the events and the
changes in the country of the half
century before, it is very easy to I'M
derstand. For the new comer to
Montana it is impossible to visualize
what Montana was a century ago; it
is as though the Montana of 1922 was
in a time in a long bygone age. Who
is living today who remembers the
and the glory of the old fur
trading days, when the Missouri riv-
er was a highway for a type of adj
venturous men who made the first
attacks on a great wilderness peopled
only by wild animals and wilder men.
Today, within a few mere decades,
that class of men have passed away
as completely as though they ley
existed. Their customs, their out
look on life, their language and
their mode of dress would be as COM
pletely ont of place among the Mon
tana people of today as though they
came from another planet. I say that
even their language was different,
and it is true. Half of the express
sions they uttered would not be I'M
derstood by the men who live here
now.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1922-02-09

The other day at Poplar l stood
looking at the Missouri rolling by,
just before the first real freeze had
turned the water to ice, and l thought
of another day, in the summer of
1879, nearly 43 years ago, when
stood almost on the same ground and
said good bye to my father, Alexan-
der Culbertson, who, turning his
back forever on e of his former
greatness, was departing for Nebras-
ka, where a few months later he
died at the home of my sister. He
had done a mans part in the win
ming of the west. For thirty years,
from 1888 to the early COS he had
been one of those men whom today
they call the Kings of the Upper
Missouri. AS he shook my hand and
said fare we'll in the quiet, undemon-
strative way Of the men of the old
west, he realized that he was looking
for the last time on scenes that were
filled with a thousand thrilling recol-
lections. Most of his old associates
had gone before him, and like most
old men who have lived through
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1922-02-09

After remaining in the village a
few days we returned to Poplar, and
there parted with my father as told
above. On the trip he had talked
much of the old days in the fur trade,
and especially of old Fort Mckenzie.
Fort Mckenzie was built by my
fathers predecessor as chief trader
for the American Fur Company, Ken
meth Mckenzie, and without doubt it's
story forms one of the most interest
ing chapters in Montana history. 1t
was in the spring of 1892 that James
Kipp, father of Joe Kipp, who died
at Browning some years ago., re-
turned to Fort Union, as the mouth
of the Yellowstone river, with a fine
pack of furs that he had taken in
trade with Blackfeet at Fort Piegan,
the Marias, during the winter be-
fore. Fort Piegan was the first post
the American Fur Company had built
in the B1ackfeet country, and this
really the first trade the company
had been able to make with the
Mckenzie was much
pleased, and after the arrival of the
steamer Yellowstone, the first steam
the company had on the river, had
reached Fort Union, he sent a clerk,
David Mitchell, with so men and a
keel boat loaded with goods to es-
another post in about the
region, for Fort Piegan had
been burned by the Assinniboines.
The party stopped at the mouth of
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1922-02-09

Milk river and camped for the night
prtAfar from where Hinsdale stands
now. During the night a terrific wind
storm came up, tore the boat loose
and drove it four miles down the
river, where it struck a snag and
sank, two men being drowned. A
messenger was sent to Fort Union
and another boat was at once dis
patched with supplies to Mitchell,
who selected as a location for his new
fort a spot on the west bank of the
Missouri, a few miles above the
mouth of the Marias. The place is
known today to people in the Fort
Benton region as Brule Bottom. Here
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1922-02-09

he had a successful trade with the
Blackfeet.
In the spring of the following year
1888, my father came up the river
from st. Louis on the company's sec
ond steamer, the A~ssinniboine, as a
clerk, and was at once sen by Ken
meth Mckenzie to the new post, which
had been called Fort Mckenzie. He
told me hal he first reached the fort
early in August in company with
Mitchell and that famous character
in Upper Missouri river history.
Prince Macmillan, of Coblenz, on the
Rhine. The Prince, my father said,
was then nearly 20 years old, but
wiry. He was a great naturalist, and
was making a collection of birds,
small animals and insects. He had an
artist and a servant with him. He
stayed at the fort about a month.
About two weeks after my father
reached Fort Mckenzie a trading
party of Blackfeet, who were camped
outside of the fort, were attacked by
1900 Assinniboine warriors. The
white men in the fort thought the at
tack was being made on the stockade,
and began shooting as the Assinni-
BONES, at the same time opening the
gates to let the Blackfeet in. AS it
happened, the entire band of these
Blackfeet were in camp three or four
miles away, and soon 1000 Blackfeet
braves swept down on the Assinni-
BONES, who fled across the Marias,
fighting %stubbornly every inch of
ground they gave. The Assinniboines
had the better of the fight and the
Blackfet lost probably a hundred in
killed and wounded. My father rode
across the river with the Blackfeet
and his horse was killed under him.
1t was his first touch of Indian fight
ing. The leader of the Assiniboines
in this fight, Long Hair, died on the
Fort Belknap reservation in 1874,
when my father was interpreter
there.
In April, 1894, my father was
placed in charge at Fort Mckenzie,
and he told of a most extraordinary
fight that took place near the post
that month. Three Blood warriors
and a squaw were attacked by thirty
mounted Crows, the Bloods being
afoot. Two of the Blood braves
were killed and the third was wound
ed, but the latter, taken as he was by
surprise, sprung at a Grow warrior,
knocked him from his horse with his
gun and leaped on his enemy's horse,
dashing off in safety to the fort.
This incident was a couple of
months later followed by a siege on
the fort by the Crows in force, after
one of their bands had driven off
the horses belonging to the post. My
father had a we'll ten feet dug inside
the stockade, and thus water was OBJ
tanned. The defenders of the fort
soon began to run short of food. They
had to kill their Indian dogs
and eat them. My father was very
DESTROYS of bringing the siege to a
conclusion without bloodshed, and
therefore restrained his men from fir
ing at the ~besiegers. Finally, how
ever, he had the cannon in an upper
bastion of the fort loaded and fired
it into the Crow camp. That terri
fled the Crows SO hat they departed
in haste.
1t happened that the chief of the
Crows, called Rotten Belly, was one
Of the greatest leaders the Grow ma
ton ever had. He did not want
trouble with the whites, but was I'M
able to control his men. After their