Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1922-12-26
Nobel Prizes for America
BV John T. Boifeuillet
EW days ago the annual Nobel Peace


for his work as League of Nations commits
sioner, in relieving the starving population OF
Russia and Asia Minor and for his endeavors
TO promote the brotherhood of nations.
Dr. Nansen is renowned as the Norwegian
Arctic explorer.
Three Americans have been awarded the
Nobel peace prize, to-wit: Theodore Roosevelt
in 1906; Elihu Root in 1912; and Woodrow
Wilson in 1920.
shall have during the year Immediately pre-
ceding most or best promoted the fraternity
of nations, the adjustment or diminution of
standing armies, and the foundation and in
crease of peace congresses
President Roosevelt was awarded the prize
for his intercession and goo Offices which
largely accomplished the signing of peace at
Portsmouth, n. H., in 1905, by the ENJOYS
Of Russia and Japan, which ended the war
between these two nations. With part OF
the $4,000 he received, Roosevelt endowed
the Foundation for the Promotion of Indus
trial Peace, and $4,000 of it he gave in
1915 to the Interchurch Committee on I'm
employment Roosevelt, with the consent OF
congress- in 1918 distributed the remainder
of the prize money among war charities, such
the American Red Cross, Y. M. c. A. and
to various individuals engaged in like work
Root and Wilson Winners
Elihu Root was given the peace prize on
account of his labors as a member of the
permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague,
and as president of the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace, and in view OF his
helping to strengthen the friendly, COM
mercial and political relations existing be-
tween the United States and the Latin
American countries, when he was Secretary
of State
Woodrow Wilson was awarded the prize in
recognition of his 6. 9at services incident to
and following the armistice which brought
the World war to close.
Jean Henri Dunant, the Swiss benefactor,
has the distinction of receiving the first peace
prize. 1t was awarded to him in 1901, be-
cause of his earnest advocacy of the relief OF
soldiers wounded on battlefelds, and for his
devotion with his fortune and energies to the
organization and work of the Red Cross.
Frederick Passey, French political econ
omist and statesman, shared the prize jointly
with Dunant.
One Woman Victorious
The peace prize has been awarded to only
one woman, Baroness Won Suttner we'll
known Austrian. This honor came to her in
1905. She was the founder of the Austrian
Society of Peace Lovers, and as it's president
was prominent and influential in the peace
congresses at Rome, Hamburg and other
European cities.
At one time she was secretary to Alfred
Nobel, the founder of the peace prize and
did much to interest him in the brotherhood
of nations She was highly educated and
ly known as a writer of fiction, having pro-
duced number of highly interesting works.
She also wrote great deal on social science
and in behalf of a world union to insure
peace. She was an in II ,-gable worker Tor
universal peace, and spent the greater part Of
her life in the cause. Her father was Count
Franz kinsky, an Austrian field marshal, and
her husband was Freiherr, the author.
Dynamiter Favored Peace :
The annual announcement OF the peace
dow of
December, for the reason that it was on that
date, 1895, t hat Alfred Bernard Nobel. the
general founder of the pri- died at San
Reno, Italy, aged SO years. He was born at
Stockholm, Sweden He was the discoverer
of dynamite, invented explosive >gelatine and
on a large scale. He erected
several factories for the manufacture or
dynamite, one being located near San Fran
cisco, Cal, and the largest in the world was
built at Ardeer, Scotland. He conducted his
operations in connection with his father and
brothers In 1854 their nitro-glycerine works
in Sweden exploded, killing the younger
brother, and his father became paralyzed
from the shock. After amassing a great
fortune in the manufacture of explosives, that
have massacred armies OF men and destroyea
untold millions of property, he decided to
have his money devoted after his death to
the promotion of peace.
Left Nine Million Dollars
The peace prize is one of five annual prizes
provided for by Nobel's will. He left an estate
O. over SO 100000 and in his will, after be-
queathing small legacies to his already
wealthy relatives, directed that the residue
should constitute a fund, the interest from
which should be divided into five equal ac-
and awarded prizes to the person
who shall have made, CD the most important
discovery or invention in the domain OF
physics; GU in chemistry; CD n physiology
or medicine; ca who shall have most or best
promoted the fraternity of nations, the
adjustment or diminutiOn of standing armies
and the foundation and increase of peace
congresses.
The will was contested by the heirs of Mr..
Nobel but compromise effected on con-
dition that portion OF the property pc de-
voted to the founding of institutions for re-
search, known as Nobel institutes, which has
been done.
Winners Must Lecture
One of the fixed provisions in connection
with the comforting of the peace prize is, 1t IS
expected that within six months after the
award OF the same, the winner will lecture
at Christiania, the capital of Norway, upon
the subject for which the prize was awarded
Winners of other prizes than the peace prize
are expected to lecture at Stockholm.
The board of directors of the Nobel Founda-
ton, exclusively consisting OF SWedeS, must
reside in Stockholm. The board has in its
care the funds Of the institution and hands
yearly over to the awarders the prizes the
amount to be given away to those whose work
has mostly contributed to the benefit of man
kind during the wal Immediately preceding.
Prizes and are awarded by the Royal
Academy Of Science in Stockhol prize by
the Caroline Medcal-Chirurgical institute in
Stockholm; prize by the Swedish academy
in Stockholm; and 5, the peace prize, by the
Norwegian Storthng (parliament).
Six Americans Have Won