The Washington herald., 1922-07-12
1T Is HOT
IN THE HEAVENS.

IN THE HEAVENS.
The philosophers. or radiatinR sur
face Of the sun. IL has been estimar
60. mas a temperature Of 5000 de
grees centigrade and even at yer
moderate solar depths this increas.
10 10000 degrees centigrade. In tn
cyclonic Whirls OF sunspot vortic.
the temperature Of the rising col
umns Of gas drops as a result OF ran
ID expansion to something like : %
degrees centigrade. Yet at the baz
OF these whirling worthless IL Is lie
lieved that the temperature lies 4
the neighborhood Of 10000 det,re,
centigrsde. and in the depths Of u
sun a temperature Of millions Of d i
Grees is probably attained.
In the comparatively cool sunsnI
regions where she temperature is
proNimstely that OF the hotts
source Of terrestrial heat, the eel
tric furnace. certain frefracto
chemical compounds exist, such
the oxides OF titanium and rnaenI
slim. The red giant stars Beta(
geGse and Antsres among others.
one end of the chain of stellar ev
luton and the red dwarf stars
the other end have spectra thst
very similar in some rest,ycts n
the spectra OF sunspots. They revt
the presence in these starr Of III
iGes, chiefly of titaniun, and Of ca
bon compounds. The temperature
these stars are estimated 70
about that Of the sunspot REGIONS.
between 5000 degrees and 1000 al
Erees centiRrade.
Stars that show numerous metl
lie lines in their spectrs. such Il.
FolIuN and Arcturus, come midNl
between the deep red giants al
dwarfs and the solar type stars
which our sun is one. They av1
age about 1000 degrees or sol
degrees centigrade in surface tel
perature 4
Stars Of the so-called solar w.,
such as Cspella and the sun ava-
age about 5000 degrees certir-s
In temperature. The metallic lin
In the spectra Of these stars ar,
less pronounced than in the lat.
metallic types. and conseouentrl
the stars are hotter.
The hottest Of all stars are II
white hydrogen stars and the
tensely luminous heliun star]
Among these stars we number ~
well-known Sirius and VEGA a
klgeL Their temperatures lie
tween 10000 degrees and $4,000
grees certigrade.
IN an Instances these are the te
peratures that prevail at the ra
Rting surfaces Of the stars nd
high the temperature rises with
the depths Of the stars interi1
where abnormal conditions Of prel
sure and temperature must exil
IL Is more difficult to determine r,
" is believed that IL must run
nigh as several million degrees
The range OF the surface ternoel
atures or all the stars appears 20
conhned between the comparatfN-e
narrow limits Of 5000 degrees
1900 degrees centiErade 81
oelow 5000 degrees in surface I'd
perature would probably far
shine as luminous bodies wh
stars with surface tempera,ur.
excess OF about 10000 degrees .,
tigrade would be SO excessIvsI,. ).
that they would suffer disinteFr
tlon as a result OF the intensity
raoiation pressure. Such Sta
would soon be surrounded WI
neouiosity. as so many OF the 4
tensely brilliant helium stars ~
or unstable internal conditio
might result In the production cd
Nova-By Isabel NJ. Lewis. OF
s. Naval Observation.
Tasmania is today the l.-.
producer Of the natural an
osmiridium or iridosmtne u.ed /,
the points OF gold nibs for "a mt,
pens.
II has been estimated that ON
mature maple tree Of vteoro
growth there is one-half acre
lear surface exposed to the sun.
A low temperature research al
tion. claimed to be the frst Of II
kind in the world. has 5uet ~
completed at Cambridge. Enslan
Studies in food refrigeration and 4
effects of low temperature on plz
life will be made.
Blood TRANSMISSION first perforn4
In man in 1867 is referred 20
Samuel Pepys diary for Novemh
2i and 80 of that year.
Manganese steel. with It's
traordiary ductibiiity and no
magnetic qualities. was found uns
pectedly while its discoverer W.