The public ledger., 1922-03-24
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WASHINGTON LETTER.
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progress in the Senate mark the con-
chapters Of one Of the most
incidents in the history of
the country. Preliminary votes indi-
cate that all Of the eight treaties
which emanated from the armaments
conference will be ratified by substan-
tial majorities, but the debates have
developed determined opposition to
some Of them. There is given herewith
a mrief outline for each undertaking,
In order that the reader may see for
himself the scope of the treaties and
Judge of their influence on the future
Of the United States and Of the world.
l. A treaty between the United
States, the British Empire, France,
Italy. and Japan, limiting naval arm
aments. The future capital ship ton
mage Of those countries shall be;
United States, $4,000; British Empire
525,0OO; Japan, 315,0O0; France, 49,
600; and Italy, 175,O00. No such ship
exceeding $4,000 tons shall be built.
Aircraft carriertonnage: United States
135, 900; British Empire, 135,000;
Japan $1,000: France, 10000 and Italy
0.00O. No aircraft carrier exceeding
$1,000 tons shall be built. The treaty
specifies the ships to be scrapped by
each power the method Of scrapping,
and the size and number of guns Of
those reteined. The treaty is to re-
main in force until December 81, 1886,
and shall continue in force unless one
of the parties gives two years notice
OF its termination.
.. A treaty between the United
States. the British Empire, France,
Italy, and Japan limiting the use Of
submarines and poison gas in war.
g. A treaty between the United
States. the British Empire, France,
and Japan relating to their insular
possessions in the Pacific. This is the
so-called -Four Power Pact" 1t pro-
vdes that II controversy arises be-
tween any Of the parties the others
shall be called in for a joint confer
ence. II the Pacafic rights OF either
are threatened by any other power the
four countries shall consider what
joint action they may take to meet the
emergency. The treaty is to remain In
force for ten years.
4. A declartlon accompanying the
Four Power Treaty to the effect that
1t shall include the inundated islands
in the Pacific, but shall not be deemed
an assent oon the part Of the United
States to those mandates also exclud-
ing domestic questions from the ef-
feet of the treaty.
5. A treaty supplemental to the
Four Power Treaty, excluding the
main islands of the Japanese Empire
from It's influence.
6. A treaty between the United
States, Belgium, tthe British Empire,
China, France, italy, Japan. The
Netherlands, and Portugal, relating
to principles and policies to be follow
ed in matters concerning China. The
treaty reaffirms the Open Door policy
in China. It respects the sovereignty
and territorial integrity of China,
gives that country the fullest oppor-
tunity to develop. pledges equal OPP
portunity for the commerce Of all ma
tions in China, and agrees not to take
advantage Of conditions in China in
order to seek special rights. The
treaty gives details as to how those
principles shall be observed.
Z. A treaty between the United
States, Belgium, the British Empire,
China, France, Italy, Japan, The Meth
erlands, and Portugal, undertaking to
increase the revenues of China by
making effective s per cent. ad val
orem customs duty.
SO. A treat between the United
States and Japan preserving Ameri-
can rights in the island Of zap In
cluding cable privileges. Ratified by
the Senate on March 1st by vote OF