davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

more than a century, was finally
released by the Massachusetts
Legislature and in 1920 made a
state of the Union.
One of the first questions which
arose after the cession by the
colonies of their territory lying
west of the A!leghenies was as to
the method Of its government. 40
Congressional Committee was APP
pointed to consider the matter
with jefferson at its head and the
result of its labors was the pres
entation of n plan of which JEFF
ferson was understood to be the
author by which the area in ques-
ton should be divided into ten
new states, som of the names be-
ing drawn from the Greek and
Latin and others from Indian
phraseology. The peninsula ly-
ing between Lakes Huron and
Michigan was to be called "Cher-
onesus." thai bounded by the Wa
bash, Ohio ard Mississippi "Poly-
potamia," that between the Upper
Ohio and the Great Lakes "Metro-
potamia," while other parts of
the area were given the names of
"Illin0ia," "Assenissippia," "Mieh-
igania," "Sylvania," Saratoga"
and "W&shington."
The above measure devised and
recommended by Jefferson was ac-
cepted by Congress and put upon
the statute books but before steps
had been taken to carry it into
actual operation it was repealed
by the celebrated Ordinance of
1887" establishing the Territory
Northwest of Ohio" of which Cen
eral Arthur st. Claire was made
the first governor, in 1888, and the
first Territorial Government,
which was to prove such an I'M
portant factor in the development
of the western area, put into oper-
alton. General st. Claire estab-
lished the scat of the government
of that enormous territory at the
little village of "Losantiville"
which he renamed Cincinnati" in
honor of the Society of the Gin
cinnati" of which he, as an officer
of the Revolutionary War, was
member. In 1880 an act was pass
ed for a similar form of govern
ment in a part of the area south
of the Ohio which was to be desig-
mated "The Territory South of the
Ohio" the provisions of that act
being similar to that which estab-
lished the territory northwest of
the Ohio except the omission for
the southern territory of the pro-
viso found in that for the northern
territory with reference to slav-
cry; the act establishing the Ter
ritorv Northwest Of the Ohio ex-
Guided slavery while that proviso
was omitted from the terms:under
: which the Territory South of the
Ohio was established. This Terri
tory South of the Ohio did not,
however, include the Kentucky
area which remained under the
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

it had also become apparent that
these claims j. many instances
over-lapped each other; and with
the magnanimou1 spirit then pre-
vailing of fealty to the new gov
eminent the legislatures of those
seven states o:e by one coded to
the Common Union all Of their
western claims, the area thus ced-
ed to be formed into new states
with individual privileges and
powers equa. to those which gem
erously reliuquishcd their claims
upon the territory in question.
The area thus coded to the Com
mon Union by the seven states
above named. lying between the
Allegheny Cumberland range on
the east and the Mississippi on the
west, exceeded in area that retain
ed by the original thirteen" ag-
gregating about 100000 square
miles, while the present area of
the Original thirteen" aggregates
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04
into the Present Fifty Political Dvisio

sequently became a part OF the
present states of New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and
Wyoming.
The ink on the documents which
admitted Texas ass q state of the
Union was scarcely dry when there
began a series of events which ex-
tended the area of the United
States from the western border Of
Texas to the Pacific Ocean. A dis
pute between the United States
and the Mexican Government re-
garding the southern boundary of
Texas resulted in the war between
the United States and Mexico,
which began in 1916, and in which
the Mexican area then known as
New Mexico and Upper California
was over-ruu and captured by
American troops, and at the close
of that war was attached to the
United States on payment Of $751;
100000 by the United States to the
Mexican Government, though this
sum was subsequently increased
by the assumption Of about 49,
100000 Of debts of the Mexican
Government to citizens of the Uni
ted States. By this absorption
of the former Mexican area of
New Mexico and California our
territorial area was extended to
the Pacific Coast. This great area
obtained from Mexico was sub-di-
vided into California which was in
1850 admitted as a state without
territorial probation" and the
remainder divided into the Terri
tories Of New Mexico and Utah.
Subsequently Utah was transform
ed into three Territories, Utah,
Nevada. and Colorado and they
were later admitted as states. New
Mexico was later sub-divided into
the territories of Arizona, and
New Mexico and subsequently adj
mitted as states.
simultaneously with this extern
sion of our government over the
area lying between Texas and the
Pacitic-the Mexican cession-an
agreement had been reached be-
tween the United States and Great
Britain regarding our claims to
the Oregon Country" and in 1S4S,
the very year in which California
md New Mexico were acquired
i. u. Mexico. the area lying forth
D. California vas established by
the United States CoVv-rl-.ent as
IT, "Ierritory OF Olcb III" AID the
s.-rle year 1342 thus rfCGsAf rs
ruu "ntirs Pacific frontaAe. The
60. On Country became the Terri
..ay of Lrecol wnich was suisse
d lenCy .6diWleG into cne Teri
tc~ies of Oregon and Washington
nd later aG:licted as states, the
sacte,n part having been mt off
and forming the Territory % ldaho
p d a part Of the rerutssy Of
N.oa-as.
n ls53 small area lying south
o. &c territory of New Mexico
%es purchased from Mexico for
sum Of S10,000,C00 to settle
boundary G;.prte ard attached
tl IL. Ierc.-ciy &C New Mexico,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04
By OSCAR P. AUSTIN "a
Siaii,H elan. The National City Bank Of
Neu York.

The difficulties which accom-
panied the transformation of the
twenty pre-war countries of Eu-
rope into the thirty which now
appear on the map Of that CONT
nent recall some interesting
features of the process by which
the territory Of the United States,
which is now about equal to that
of all Europe, was enlarged, ad-
justed, and readjusted into the
fifty political divisions which now
appear upon the map of our own
country
We have been busy, very busy,
in this big country of ours in the
comparatively short period since
the Swedes, the Dutch, the Span
ish, the French and the English
were stalking out" their respect
i've claims upon the Atlantic
frontage from the southern tip Of
Florida to the frozen north. But
when we recall the steps by which
that area was united, enlarged,
populated and then divided and
undivided into territories and
ttates, we find many interesting
ami almost forgotten incidents.
How many of the twenty million
people living in the states OF Ohio,
indiana, Illinois, Michigan and
Wisconsin recall the fact that the
area which they now occupy was
at one time a part Of the province
Of Quebec?
How many of the nine million
people in the states of Wisconsin,
Iowa, Minnesota and a part of the
DakotaS realize that the section
which they now occupy was once
part of the territory of Michigan,
whose area in 1884 was eight
times as much as that when the
territory was established and six
times as much as that of the pres
ent state of liichigan?
The Territory Of Missouri once
included the area forming the
present states of Iowa, Nebraska,
North Dakota. South Dakota,
Arkansas, Missouri and part of
the present area of Minnesota,
Wyoming, Montana, Kansas Okla
homa, and Colorado.
The Territory of Indiana in 1904
included what is now Minnesota
and a part of the Dakotas.
Texas, which is now nearly
twice as large as any other state
of the Union, is at the present
time only about two-thirds as big
as when admitted, and a part Of
her original area now forms parts
Of FIVE other states, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and
Wyoming.
The area relinquished to the
Common Union by the thirteen
original states after the close Of
the Revolutionary War now forms
part or all of thirteen other states
having q combined area greater
than that of the present area Of
the original thirteen which gave
their western area to the Conmon
Union.
The Nations Beginnings
The first permanent settlement
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

followed in detail within the limi-
tations of this discussion. Ken
lucky was admitted as a state in
1882, and Tennessee IN 1896. In
1900 the western part Of the terri
tory northwest Of the Ohio and eX-
tending to the Mississippi and the
Canadian line was cut off and es-
tablished under the title of Indiana
Territory and in 1903 the State Of
Ohio established. In 1905 the ter
ritory lying between Lakes Michi-
gan and Huron was established
as the Territory of Michigan"
and it later proved a convenient
nucleus to which to attach for
temporary government the sec
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04
r..zss a., the ssatls.West.

The third addition to our terri
tory came in che form of the State
of TexAs which had in 1856 seced-
ed from Mexico and established
itself as al independent republic
and Immediately made application
for admission to the United
States. This application was, how
ever, rejected by Congress when
made in 1887 and again in 1874,
but in January, 1915, Congress
passed an act giving its Consent
that the territory properly includ-
ed within the Republic of Texas
may be erected into a new state
to be called the State of Texas"
and in December of that year the
Joint resolution admitting Texas
as a state ot the Union passed
both House and Senate, the area
being thus admitted IS State
without preliminary probation"
rs 2 territory. Subsequently Cox
c--ss purchased from the State OF
> 'exaG part of Is original area.
r7g eij-U3o603, ard the 1900
..s,al- auies thl. iurchtsed -ao-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

Of Europeans on the area now
known as the United States was
that of the Spanish at st. Angus
tine, Florida, in 1865, the English
at jamestown, Virginia, in 1907,
the Dutch at the mouth of the
Hudson in 1881, the SwedeS on the
vest bank Of tie Delaware in 1887,
while the French who made their
first permanent settlement in
Quebec in 1908 soon extended
their claims southwark by ex-
plorat;on and settlement, and b.
1850 were claiming all of the area
drained by the Great Lakes and
the st. Lawrence. BY 1855, New
Sweden" had been taken over by
the Dutch; i'm 1864 the Dutch ter
ritory of "Ncw Netherlands" was
taken over by the English. The
French meantime had extended
their explorations down the Mis-
sissippj % its mouth and were
claiming all of the area drained
by that river as q result of "orig-
ir2l explorations" Of the valley.
THIS claim, however, was resisted
by the English who assumed that
their colonies fronting on the At
lSntjc were by their charters to
extend across the continent to the
South Sea" the Pacific was
then called, and in the war be-
tween France and England over
this question the French were de-
teated and ordered % transfer
their territorial claims TO Great
Britain, which they proceeded to
do, secretly, however. ceding to
Spain their claims to the western
section Of the Mississippi Valley,
which, however. was subsequently,
Fe-ceded to France by the Spanish
Government.
II was when the English Gov
crnment found itself in full pos
session of not only Canada but the
out;rc eastern half of the Missis-
sippi Valley that its parliament
attached 20 the Province of Que
bee, for temporary government.
the area now known as Michi-
ca1. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois. Wis
Corsin and a part of Minnesota.
and this action by the British
Parliament proved the "Straw
that broke the camelS back"
With certain Of the colonies which
c'c',cl that their original grants
Odd to the Mississippi River,
! Increased then willingness 10
= q movement Tor lndepen-
then pending among The
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

Cotei St&te5. in the Virgin Islands
tae Sov-f1e. is also designated by
t. President o. the United States
;n- the legislative functions are
vecte1 in q colonial council The
sove,ro.7 Of Cuar1 and Samoa are
naval offers G. the United 81 tes,
designated b. tho President Tor
ia. 2aIyic5, en- tie Governor o.
TIC ParamG Canal Zone is an arc,y
,.,jcsr designated for that service
o. the Prc3:G mt. The population
Of the Philippine Islands is about
10,5vJ,0C0, Porto Rico 100000.
Hawai-. GOO, Alaska $1,000, the
IGN Glance 2G.ooc, the Pan
a,19 Ce7al Zone Z2.0C0.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04
The First Territories.

1t was at the close of that men,
orable struggle. when the peace
treaty with Great Britain In 1855
gave to the new United States of
America the entire area extending
70 the Mississippi az the west and
me Canadian border at the worth,
that the question of the method of
government in that great interior
area came o the front and de-
manded solution. Seven of the
Observation-Disclosures, Connec-
ticut, New York Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and
Georgia-claimed that their orig
inal grants extended westward TO
the Mississippi. if not farther. and
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

9,aiajoc -! 4a-named the Indian
Ian. j."
J'luls SIS "cndia,. County vas
z.oE,y Icing trana4, .red into ter
sl5oq5' nd sta,e divisions, there
:sl7.G Seo second addition :: to
e,ea c. IA United S.at.s N the
9,-caf-e of Florida 1:on SPAN 70
whicb ccantry Greu. 6.I;<il faa
ls--edad It II l7S5. TGe conl Gcta-
.ic1 CT It's ptAchaae non span
va to be The payment u tAs
lated Stat OF va1oOs ci@im5
- --e.ericoa citizen. ,.satl>t nc
S,en.s1 governn.e.71, which
ACCOUNTED Wien PAID, including in
teres+, t. be,5O0,OOU and the terri
tory has III chased subsequently,
teee-as, Ia lS25, tho GGc1s q 3leS-
SI0
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

ing for independence, and all of
the British colonies on the North
American continent except Florida
at me south and Canada at the
north united N the declaration of
1916, declaring themselves no lon
ger colonies out rree and indepeli-
Hnnt S.afeS
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04
The Process bv Which Thirteen Were Enlarged and Transformed into

1856. North Carolina 1884, and
1890, South Carolina 1887, and
Georgia III 1902. Vermont, which
had been claimed by the State of
New York as a part OF her area,
purchased independence from that
state by paying $4,000 and was
subsequently, admitted to the
Union as tie first new state.
Maine, which had been claimed and
governed by Massachusetts for
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

colonies. The British flag at that
moment flew from the southern tip
of Florida to the northern border
of Canada, for Florida had mean
time been brought under the Brit
ism flag; and following this extern
sion of Canadian Government over
the area lying south and west OF
the Great Lakes, the colonies
claiming that area joined with
those which were already clamor-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

1898 on downward, was admitted
in 1898 and the group of islands
established i'll 1900 as the Territory
of Hawaii. The Virgin Islands
which lie just east Of Porto Rico
were purchased from Denmark in
1917 for $25, 100000, the chief pur-
pose being thor control as a naval
station. The Panama Canal Zone,
five miles on each side Of the Pan
anna Canal, was in 1908 granted
in rerpetuity 70 TIE United States
by the Panama Government on
the payment Of S10,OO0,OOO by the
United States, to be followed by
annual payments oisj25O,O00 be-
ginning nine years after the agree
ment. Alaska, the Philippines, the
Hawaiian Islands and Porto Rico
have their own legislative bodies.
but the governor is in each case
designated by the President of the
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04


Tennessee. The western section
of Georgia, ceded to the Common
Union in 1903 became the Terri
tory of Mississippi and later the
Territories of Mississippi and Ala
bama until they were finally ad-
nlitted as States OF the Union in
1917 and 1919. The transformation
of the western front Of Virginia
into the new state of West Vir-
ginia in 1923 was an incident Of
the Civil War.
The louisiana Purchase.
Meantime had come the first
great addition to the area of the
United States, the Louisiana Pur-
chase. The area west of the Mis-
sissippi which had been originally
claimed by France as a result OF
exploration and been secretly
coded to Spain in 1852 prior to the
expulsion of France from the con-
tinent. had subsequently been
again secretly transferred and re-
csded by Spain to France IN the
year 1900. The complete control
of the mouth Of the Mississippi
River by the United States was
extremely important to its people
and me commercial interests,
controlling rs It did the exit from
the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf
Of Mexico, and when the cession of
the area vest Ct the Mississippi
to France m 1900 became known a
commission vas sent to France by
the United States Government to
negotiate fof The purchase of the
area adjacent tc the mouth of the
Mississippi ana including the city
of New Orleans. The French Gov
eminent, however, fearing a loss
Of the entire weEtern area to Great
.Sritain offered to sell il all TO the
Jlired States for 415,1J0,00O, of
Sh,ca S1I, 100 90 would De in six
,ss7 cent bonds Of The United States
Covel- .ment md ne emainder to
,e pal 10 -i.izens Of cne United
States having claims against
Franc, and when his treaty
reach ID Washington it was quick
ly ratified, in October 1903, and
the area of rhe United States thus
doubled by a single stroke of tn
pen.
This Louisiana Purchase" thus
completed in 1902, which as a0oye
indicated moIe than doubled tie
area of the country, included So;
600 square miles, white the tooon
area prior to tie Yr.,Liso Va
only S2S,j0G Square Mss 81
entire new area was :. Ell (hs III
of the TERRITORY II Lcv's I'D .
but in $50, the 4Y-Jc--.- IL '7l5
:rt off and -s.,.b'lsns1 as re u
c;tory of Orleans" aIj Ii 50 51@
territory o Orleans '1@s aJ'i..-
teI to. the ;,r.on as the 5..Ee q
Louisiana and the rene ncer Il
he purchase given new dee, -
a-ritory Of Missouri" witn is
cep.ts' at the city Of St . Lrl".
L., a'4er the States of Ar-snsas
- tud Eis-7---' had been cut of, II oN
IS s5~tf .4-t9rn sect'o. The re-
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

ton lying west of Lake Michigan
which included the area now
known as Wisconsin, Iowa, Mime
sofa, and parts of North and South
Dakota. When the original Terri
tory of Michigan applied in 1887
for admission as state, there
existed a bitter dispute between
that territory and the Stq.e Of
Ohio as to the boundary line be-
tween them, Michigan cl-'mp'g
an area which would have ". !
her the port of Toledo a: ',c
southern tin of Lake Mic -,
and to settle that DISPUTE h'i"-
ably, Congress gave to l~IEl.ro7H
the area now known as t.:s -4j''l i
ern Peninsula" which subseqr- =
" became extremely valr his
through the development . 'ja
great copper and iron and t'7'car
interests. The section at ri Vs.
which had been tempofa s-( T.
tached to Michigan was III -
tablished as the TERRITORY g -
consin," while the area ~. IL
rectlv west Of the State of OAi"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

control of Virginia until its admis-
sion as state in 1872, nor did it
include the western area Of Geor-
eia which was not ceded to the
Union until 1868, and then became
the Terri+crs = ssizsinpi, ord
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

but $4,000 square miles. These
cesSions OF the western territory
by the colonies did not occur 81
simultaneously hut began with New
y OK in 1881, Virginia in 1873,
Massachusetts 1875, Connecticut
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

subsequently divided into Alabama
and Mississippi.
The Territories Absorbed into
the Union
The steps ny (which these two
great areas, the Territory North
west of the Ohio and the Territory
South of the Ohio, were trans
formed into separate territorial
and state organizations cannot be
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04
Our Recent Accca9ions

IN 1867 Alaska with its enormous
6er-itory was purchased from Rus
STA Cor $I200,000, and Is LOW
the only a.Ja o. continental Uni
ted States still governed as = te.-
ritory, all other parts Of the great
continental areas added !-Lng
been transformed into states after
passing through their probation
period" as territories. The sat
Territory Of Nebraska at one Ci:hs
a part of the still create Teri
tory or Missouri wac sJ6-diviu-
cd INTO the States of Nebraska and
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-09-04

the area thus added being about
10000 square milec.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1922-02-22
UNITED STATES LED WORLD
IN FOREIGN SALES, 1921

According to data issued by the de-
partment of commerce, America led
all the world in export trade in the
year 1921. All told nearly $780,
900 900 worth of exports were sold
by this country, which represents the
biggest sale sheet of any nation in
the world. The foreign sales of Eng
land, which formerly held the lead as
the worlds greatest trading nation
totaled less than $4,000, 100000 in
1921.
In valuation the exports of 1921 die
not equal those of 1920. In that year
the value of exports was more thar
| $4,000, 900 900. But the decline il
valuation does not mean a decline il
amount of goods exported, according
to the experts of the commerce de
partment. In fact, the tonnage O
goods exported in 1921 exceeded tina
of 1920 in all cases, except in ship
ments to Europe.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1922-02-22
CLEVER PROPAGANDA
AGAINST PROHIBITION

According to Federal Prohibition
Commissioner Roy A. Haynes, sin the
great metropolitan district there is
an i~nsidious, clever, unpatriotic, false
wet propaganda under way that has
as it's object the delusion of the Amer
lean people into the belief that the
prohibition law is a failure; that it
was Slipped over on them; that it
is unpopular, and that it is not en-
forced and never can be-" All Of
these assertions, Mr.. Haynes says, are
false, but to the deception of many
they are circulated industriously by
thirty paid organizations" all work
ing to bring about the abrogation or
notification of the amendment.
Whether Mr.. Haynes IS right or not
as to his thirty organizations, there
is no doubt that a good many people
who are not paid talk about prohi-
bition just about as they would il
the propaganda he describes existed
and was working efficiently. They are
glib with confident assertions thai
drinking has increased under prohibi
ton, and that there is more abuse O.
alcohol than ever before. That the!
know anything about general condi
tions or as to the state of public sen
timent is shown by nothing they say
and is more than doubtful, but oh
servers who try to see the situatio
as it is will incline to the belief tia
prohibition is not so much of a fail
ure as its enemies insist or so niue
of a success as it's friends claim.
! That it has made a big change fc
! the better in industrial circles is til
! verdict of all employers of labor. Ths
! much seems to be a certainty anon
! the uncertainties and it is not a littl