davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
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CULLING FOWLS FOR MARKET
To Make Best Possible Returns Every
Hen In Flock Should Be Layer
Weed Out Cuils.

(Prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
Every boy or girl having poultry
naturally wishes to earn as much
money as possible. To do this every
hen should be good layer. All cock
erels, except those kept for breeding
purposes, as we'll US pullets that lack
vigor and vitality, should be eaten,
canned for home use, or sold as soon
as they are large enough, says the
United States Department Of Agricul-
ture. Selecting or "weeding out" the
hens that are poor layers and picking
out for market the cockerels least
likely to develop into good breeders Is
commonly called "culling" or culling
for eggs and for market.
The best time to Gull the hens IL
during August and September, usually
from August Is to September Is, for
at that season 1t is easier to determine
which are the good layers and which
are boarders. At that time Of year
hens which show signs of laying or are
laying and have not molted usually
are the ones that have been the bet.
ter layers during the entire season,
and the hen that lays best during her
first year usually will lay best during
her second and third years. She is,
therefore, the one to keep. 1t Is not
often advisable, however, to keep hens
Of the heavier breeds, such as Plym-
outh Rocks, Rhode Island Reds and
Brahmas beyond their second year, or
the smaller breeds, such as the Leg.
horns and Anconas beyond the third
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
PORTABLE HOUSES ARE BEST
Make 1t Possible to Keep Young Grow.
Ing Fowls on Fresh, Uncon.
taminated Land.

On a recent visit to large prac-
tical poultry farm, it was observed
that good use va, being made of a
number of portable poultry houses
These were of good size and were on
runners made of heavy joists. The
runners were braced against each
other so that horse could be hitched
to the front and the house hauled any,
where. This made 1t possible to keep
the young growing birds on fresh, un-
contaminated sod, which was always
sending up good lot of fresh grass.
When the movable houses were
pulled away from each place where
they had been for few weeks the
rains soon washed the droppings into
the soil. This nourished the grass
and improved the land. In no case
was the sod eaten down till the
ground was bare.
For small chicks the same plant
used small coops en- two wheels that
could easily be pushed from place
to place by hand. In this way they
never were troubled with gapes or
contaminated SOIL
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
Built that silo early.

Built that silo early.
Careful poultrynen have no roosters
left in the flock by summer.
Uncle Alb says: Only the real friends
travel the uphill roads with you.
Clean sweet milk goes with utensils
kept in the sun out of dust and dirt.
The touch end of the porterhouse is
better ground up for hash than On the
table as steak.
Squashes and pumpkins need plenty
of room and do best at the edge Of the
garden next to corn or pole beans.
Isn't there some fruit juice left from
last summers canning that would taste
good in cold water to the men in hay
ing?
Plant alfalfa; it feeds your soil with
nitrogen, your cattle and hogs with
protein, and your heart with content
ment.
Fence posts, firewood, and lumber
enough for the whole farm can be fur
nished by the properly managed farm
woodlot.
Each prairie chicken on the farm
saves five dollars to the owner in crops
saved from the bugs it eats, someone
has figured out.
Be it ablong or square, hand-worked
or horse-worked, that home vegetable
garden is one of the most profitable
corners on the farm.
When anything boils over on the
stove, cover it at once with salt; the
odor will be killed, and the spilled
food can be cleaned up easily.
Children who collect and sell old pa.
pers, rags, and rubber not only earn
some pocket money but keep junk from
collecting around the house and yard.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
INCREASE IN NUMBER OF SPRING
LITTERS AS COMPARED WITH 1921


year ago. The number of sows bred
for fall farrowing shows an increase
Of % per cent over the number Of sows
which farrowed last fall. A total in
crease of IA per cent in the number Of
litters for the year is indicated pro-
vided the intentions Of farmers to pro-
duce fall pigs are carried out.
In the Southern states, including
Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, an
increase of per cent in the number
of spring litters is reported. but the
total number of pigs saved Is the
same as last year on account Of the
smaller number Of pigs saved per lit.
ter. These Southern states show an
increase Of q per cent in the number
Of sows intended to be bred for fall
narrowing over last year, with a total
prospective increase of II per cent In
the number of litters for the year.
The survey is based upon about
100000 schedules received from farm
ers In the Corn Belt states, which
produce about 70 per cent Of the piga
in the United States, and from
farmers in the eastern and southern
states. The schedules were distributed
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
A net increase Of las per cent in
the number of young pigs produced
this spring in the Corn Belt states is
shown in special pig survey just
completed by the United States De
partment Of Agriculture. This in
crease may overcome the present
shortage Of meat stocks, the depart
ment states.
The survey shows a gross increase
OF 22.8 per cent in the number Of
spring litters this year as compared
with the number of litters born last
spring, but the average number Of
pigs saved per litter is per cent less
than last spring. The April / brood
SOW report Of the department indicat-
ed net increase Of 15.6 per cent in
pig production this spring over last
year.
The department points out that
stocks of pork products other than
lard in storage May are 33 per cent
less than the five-year average and %
per cent less than year ago. Lard
stocks May were 16 per cent less
than the ave-year average and 81 per
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
O|VERSIfICATION KEY
TO CuTW0RM CONTROL

"The pale western cut worm has
now been discovered east of the Mis-.
souri, river in Mclean, Kidder, and
Emmons countless" says DR.. r. L.
Webster, entomologist from the o. S.
department of agriculture, in discus.
sing the latest conclusion Of his
research work on this insect in west
ern North Dakota.
'"rhis year the worm Is doing
damage especially to the corn crop
in the eastern border region" said DR..
Webster, ut attacks all crops but this
season has been favorable to wheat
because Of it's constant growth. Nor
ton county was the farthest eastern
point where the pale western cutworm
was found last year. Whether the
insect is moving eastward so rapidly
or whether it is case of not finding
it so far east before is question, but
it is certain that much damage has
been done in the past few years in
Bowman, Golden Valley, Hettinger,
and Slope counties while the insect
has been unknown east of the Missouri
river"
"Diversification is the solution to the
pale western cutworn problem" said
DR.. Webster "This may seem strange
after saying that the insect will attack
any crop. 1t is question of oppor-
tunity Of the moth to lay its eggs. We
find eggs deposited in hoof tracks,
which have been made so that the
crust is broken between the middle Of
August and the middle Of September.
Wheat and other small grains are har-
! vested ut such time as to cause {
breaking of the crust which allows the
moth to deposit her eggs in loose dirt
The following years crop will be at
tackled early in the season as it is
coming up. Following corn, potatoes,
or pasture the insect does not appear
because the crust is not broken by
cultivation or harvest at the time the
moth lays her eggs"
Following rye the insect will appear
in infested regions unless there is rain
between the time Of harvest and the
middle of August so that a crust is
formed to prevent the depositing Of
eggs. The same applies to millet and
all early harvested crops. 1t is only
in the infested regions that any at
tention need be given to this pale
western cutworm. 1t occupies the
country of Montana east Of the Rocky
mountains and western North Dakota
south of the Missouri river, and seems
to be moving eastward. Fields in
tested are ruined while the seed 70
sprouting with the result that large
patches do not come up. Corn shows
the effect more strongly because the
insects concentrate at the corn hills.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
PRODUCING CERTIFIED SEED
Many Potato Growers Will Be Dis
appointed Because of Raise
In Requirements.

Probably as result of the better
price received last year for certified
seed stock, Maine potato growers this
year have listed more than $500 acres
for inspection of representatives of
the State Department of Agriculture.
Many of these growers will be disap-
pointed, however, because they have
started with stock Of no particular
merit. Over a series of years an
average of Al per cent of the entries
passed the Standardization require
ments, but this year the percentage
will probably be lower. The mosaic
standard has been raised. This year
field having as much as per cent
Of mosaic disease is disqualified for
producing certified seed. The best
stock grown now is that from strains
imported from the Canadian provinces
within the last few years.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
Minneapolis Butter. Eggs and Poultry.

Minneapolis Butter, Eggs and Poultry.
BUTTER-Extras, 33c; firsts, soc;
seconds, 26c; packing stock, fresh
sweet, 23c: state goods. SC: grease, 1c.
EGGS-Country receipts, rots out.
per case, $50. No. l candled, good
extras. free from rots, small dirties
and checks out, per dozen, 19c; small
dirty and held stock. rots and leakers
out, dozen. 16c; quotations on eggs in.
clude cases.
LIVE POULTRY-Not advisable to
ship turkeys under pounds in weight.
Hens, pounds and over 19c; hens
under pounds, 16c; cripples and culls
unstable; ducks, fat, 13c; geese, fat.
lOc: turkeys. fat,sovec 8 pounds. Csc:
turkeys. thin and small. 15@20c: Grip.
pies and culls unstable. guineas. per
dozen. $500: roosters. 12c: broilers.
1k lbs. and up, per pound, CSC: Leg.
horns and small broilers. lb.. 25c.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
cent less than on May 1. 1921. Stocks
of other meats are correspondingly

low.
1t is also pointed out that the sur
vey covers numbers Of hogs and not
weight. The records show that the
average weight Of hogs marketed has
varied as much as "a per cent, or
from 1913 to 262 pounds, during the
past five years. Many producers have
found it profitable to market their
hogs early at light weight before the
usual run of heavy hogs later, the de-
partment says.
If farmers carry out their expressed
intentions with respect to breeding for
fall farrowings the total number Of
sows expected to farrow for the year,
including spring and fall farrowings,
will be % per cent larger than last
year.
The survey indicates a prospective
increase Of 40 per cent in the fall far
rowings in these states over last year.
Last year fall farrowings represented
% per cent Of the total farrowings for
the year, while this year they will
probably represent IS per cent. If the
number Of pigs saved per litter is as
low as this spring, however, the pros
pective increase in number Of pigs
next fall will be materially reduced.
The average number of pigs saved per
litter, as reported for this spring, is
5.66 pigs, compared with 81 pigs last
spring and SO pigs last fall.
Smaller Increases In East and South.
The survey in Pennsylvania, New
York and Maryland shows an increase
Of only 5 per cent in the number Of
litters for the first half of the year,
while the total number of pigs saved
shows decrease of per cent from
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

Says Sam: see by the papers that
folks who SOW wild oats in roof gar
dens allus get crop.
Of the 1000 purebred COWS in Ohio,
$4,000 are Holsteins and $4,000 are Jer-
eeys, the census says.
The teacher, the preacher, and the
editor are mighty important people in
a country community, and little
recognition of this will do no harm.
Sometimes deep cultivation in the
garden loes more harm than good be-
cause it cuts off the roots. All that's
necessary is to kill the weeds and
make Il light mulch to conserve mois-
ture.
A Michigan community raised the av-
erage butterfat production per COW
from 215 to 27G pounds year in 10
years. It was done by introducing
purebred sires AID grading up the
herds.
We hope ultimately to double the
average yield of wheat and corn to the
acre: it will be great achievement {;
but it is even more important to double
the desirability, the comfort, and the
standing of the farmers life.-Theo-
dore Roosevelt.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
SEPARATE MALES FROM HENS
II cockereIs Are Wanted for Breeding
II Is Well to Keep Them in
Pens by Themselves.

After the breeding season the males
should be separated from the females.
If the male birds are good ones, they
should be penned up separately, and
If they are Just mediocre it will not pay
to fes' and keep them over till the
ne17 breeding season.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

by rural mail carriers to Is farmers
on each rural mail delivery route. 1t
is planned to make similar survey
IN about six months which will be
used as a check on the departments
estimate, and also Indicate the num-
Der of pigs to be produced in the
spring Of 1923. The figures in the
present survey are given herewith:
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
MINNEAPOLIS Closing Cash Prices.

Spring wheat-No. dark northern,
1.4O01.51; No. 1 northern, 1876 @1 43;
No. dark hard, 1.29@1.34; MOL hard.
l.19; No. 1 am. dur, 1.OS@1.12; No. 1
durum, 1.O5@1O8. Corn No. 2 yellow.
$4,000. Oats No. 2 white, 31@32c.
Barley, choice to fancy, 52@54c. Rye
No. 2, 73@74c. Flaxseed No. 1, 2.45@
2.46.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

Spray brother, spray with care,
Spray potatoes here and there;
Use enough and some to spare.
Spray the bugs and spray for blight /;
Mix bordeaux and use it right
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

year, as they seldom prove profitable.
You can learn oil about the various
tests necessary to pick out the good
and the poor layers by reading Farm
ers' Bulletin 1112, which can be OBJ
tanned by writing to the Division Of
Publications, United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Washington, d. G.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

Source Of Contamination.
Unless properly cleaned and stel
llized the milking machine is likel
source of contamination.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03

South St. Paul Live Stock.
So. st. Publishers, s4.OO@o25:
veal calves, s4.Oo@9.75; COWS and heif-
ers, s3.25@6.O0; nogs. $S.50@1050:
sheep and lambs. s2.001l2,50
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
Fertilizer Used in Row.

There is no evidence that the use
Of fertilizer in the row restricts root
The Hope pioneer., 1922-08-03
WINTER EGGS
DEPEND UPON
SUMMER CARE
lBy q. w. Mc1lroy)

(By q. W. McIlroy)
Keep the young poultry stock deve5s
oping steadily during the summer
months and until late fall. All hatch
Ing should be completed by the middle
of June since hot summer weather is
not natures Matching season. Late
Matched pullets cannot develop as they
should by the time cool fall weather
starts.
Egg production Of the average flock
Of hens falls off considerably during
September and October and poultry
men consider it very desirable to have
pullets sufficiently matured to take
their places. In order to accomplish
this object the pullets must be six or
seven months old and we'll developed
by fall. Late Matching, then, means
that egg-producing pullets for the fall
are out of the question and lack Of
care of the early hatched means under
development and no egg production
until December or January.
Give the young stock abundant
range. They will pick up lot of
protein in the form of bugs and worms;
they will have access to plenty of
green feed, and they will get an abun-
dance Of exercise. Buttermilk or skim
milk is valuable source of protein,
and can be fed to young or old stock
to excellent advantage.
For a good feed, make a mash Of
equal parts of bran, middlings, another
mill feed if you have it, and fine
ground oats and corn. Best results are
, obtained by poultrymen who have the
mixture before the hens at all times.
A scratch feed that can be fed morning
and night consists of oats, barley,
and whole Or cracked corn. Clean
fresh water should be available to the
flock at all times. AS soon as the
cockerels are few months old separ-
ate them from the pullets if possible,
for the pullets will develop better as a
result. If you have surplus of cock
erels yard them closely, fatten, and
dispose of them.
Pullets cannot be expected to de-
velop properly if they are compelled to
: live in a filthy house, so keep the
uOGStS ClcitI 1AlCO anu luAICS
disturb the health and growth of grow
ing stock. Sodium flouride, which can
be purchased at your dealer is a good
remedy for lice and may be applied by
busting the fowl or by dipping the
birds into solution of once ounce Of
sodium flouride to 10 gallons of water.
In either case be sure the remedy
reaches the skin. If the lice have laid
eggs at the base Of the feathers repeat
the operation within ten days. In that
time the eggs will be hatched, and the
second treatment is necessary to kill
them.
Mites spend the daytime in dirt or filth
about the house, visiting the hen only
at night Clean houses are the best
remedies for mites. A good spray can
be made from one gallon, of kerosene
two ounces of carbolic acid, and one
pint of any coal tar dip. Spray the
house we'll after cleaning all loose dirt
away and repeat after a few weeks If
necessary.
Contented, comfortable, we'll fed
young poultry stock will help fill the
egg basket next winter.
Evening star., 1922-03-11

0HE test was by hunger, ",said Slake.
Ten days in adjoining roons-a glass
partition between so that they could
= see but not encourage each other. On
the tenth day the glass partition was removed
and one piece Of bread thrown in to them, as
meat is thrown to starving animals Gagged to-
gether-you know the rest It was difcult for
the executioner to separate them they had torn
and entwined their way into such deadly knot
in their death grapple for that one small piece
Of bread and you say that couldn't happen
now! Would you make the test? ?"-Would
YOU? And would you stand it better than
Latimer did?
See ELEMENTALS- tephen Vincent
Benet's great story in April Cosmopolitan.
Evening star., 1922-03-11

.cles In its way-weil, we are practic-
ing an art that calls up all the mem
osies of sixteenth century Italy.
I'm this beaker," he continued, "
stomach Of the unfortunate woman:
The coroner's physician has found
that they show traces of morphine.
was the morphine In such quantities
as to be fatal? Without doubt. But
equally without doubt analysis could
not discover and prove 1t in the face
OF one inconsistency. Tue usual test
which shows morphine poisoning fail
ed in this case. The pupils of her
eyes were not symmetrically contract
ed In fact they were normal.
Now. the murderer must have
inal also knew that to be successful
In the use of this drug where others
had failed the drug must be skill
fully mixed with something else. In
that first box Of capsules there were
six. The druggist compounded them
correctly according to the >prescrip-
ton. But between the time when
they came into the house from the
druggists and the time when she took
the first capsule. that night. some one
who had access to the house emptied
one capsule of Its harmless contents
morphine-a white powder which
looks just like the powder already in
the capsules.
why. then. the normal pupils of
the eyes? Simply because the crimi-
nal put a little atrophine, or BELLA
donna, with the morphine. My tests
show absolutely the presence of
atrophine. DIR. Hanson" said Craig.
bowling to the physician.
THE best evidence, however is yet
to come. A second box of six cap
sules. all intact. was discovered yes
terday in the possession of Henry
vandam. have analysed the cap
sules. One contains no quinine at all
it is all morphine and atrophine.
1t is. without doubt, precisely similar
to the capsule which killed Mrs. Van
dam. Another night or SO and Henry
vandam would have died the same
DEATH"
The old man groaned Two such
exposures had shaken him. He looked
from one of US to another as IL not
knowing in whom ne could trust.
But Kennedy hurried on to his next
pOint.
Evening star., 1922-03-11
BY ARTHUR B. REEVE.

a man who could trump up an excuse
like that when pc: son was caught
with the goods was capable of almost
anything.
nno.sh of this fake seance." ex-
claimed Craig. Il have let 1t go on
merely for the purpose Of opening the
eyes of a certain deluded gentleman
in this room. Now, ii you will all be
seated, l shall have something to say
that will finally establish whether
Mary Vandam was the victim of acci-
dent. suicide or murder"
With hearts beating rapidly we sat
in silence.
Craig took the beakers and test
tubes from the shelf behind the cur
tain and placed them on the little
deal table that had been SO mer.ily
dancing about the room.
The increasing frequency with
which tales OF murder by poison ap-
pear in the newspapers" he began
formally, "is proof of how rapidly
this new civilization of ours is TAX
ing on the aspects of the older ciyili-
cations across the seas Human life
is cheap in this country. but the ways
in which human life has been taken
among us have usually been direct.
simple, aboveboard, in keeping with
our democratic and pioneer traditions.
The pistol and the bowie knife for the
individual, the rope and the torch for
the mob. have been the usual instru-
ments of sudden death. But when we
begin to use poisons most artfully
compounded in order to hasten an
expected bequest and remove obsta :
Evening star., 1922-03-11

dazcd. Harrington seemed nervous
and i'll at ease. Mrs. Pepper. who had
not recovered from the hysterical
condition of her exposure, with diff
Guilty controlled her emotion. Van
dam was crushed.
Il have not only arranged this lab
oratory so as to reproduce Mrs. Pop
per's seance room," began Craig
afresh, but ! have had the cabinet
placed in relatively the same position
a similar cabinet occupies in Mr.. Van
dams private seance room in the
Vandam mansion.
"One night Mr.. Jameson and my
self were visiting Mr.. Vandam. At
precisely 1890 we heard most unac-
countable rappings from that cabinet.
/ particularly noted the position of
the cabinet. Back of it ran a hall
Evening star., 1922-03-11

harrington and by the druggist.
have compared the writing Of the
original prescription with a color
scale of my own construction, and
have made chemical tests. The drug
gists ink conforms exactly to the
writing On the two pill boxes, but
not to the prescription. One OF the
other three inks conforms by test alb
solrtely to the ink in that prescrip-
ton signed DIR. c. W. H as blind.
In moment my chain of evidence
against the owner of that bottle Of
ink will be complete"
I could not help but think Of the
two pendulums on the shelf behind
the curtain. but Craig said nothing
for moment to indicate that he re-
ferred to that APPARATUS. We sat
Evening star., 1922-03-11

way. That is duplicated here. Back
OF this cabinet is a hallway. I had
heard OF these rappings before we
went. but was afraid that it wo1Id
be impossible for me to catch the
ghost red-handed. There is a limit
enter a mans house, and, besides, that
was no time to arouse suspicion in
the mind of any one. But science has
way out of every dilemma deter
mined to learn something of these
rappings."
Craig paused and glanced first at
harrington. then at Mrs. Pepper and
then at Mr.. Eandam
Mr.. Jameson" he resumed will
escort the doctor. the inspector, Mr.
Harrington. Mrs. Pepper and Mr.. Van
CONTINUED on Fifteenth Page)