The Washington times., 1922-06-19
HUCHEsPLEADS
FOR RESERVE in
]. 5. DIPLOMACY
Foreign Policy Should Not Be
At Mercy Of Demagogue or
H. Hysteric Press.
by international News service.

International negotiations cannot be
conducted successfully, in face OF a
fire of criticism from "clamorous
public" Secretary Of State Charles
e. Hughes declared here today In
an address at the commencement
exercises of the University oi
Michigan. "-.
Asserting the old European 'diplo
macy Of intrigue was discredtted by
the world war. Hughes insisted
certain amount OF secrecy and
reserve Is necessary even in the
"open diplomacy" Of America. Pre-
mature discussions in the press or
public forums, he declared. may pre-
vent the accomplishment OF the most
enlightened aims, giving opportunity
for the insidious efforts Of selfish
interests as well as fayoring opposi'
ton abroad. . -
The diplomacy Of the United
States should be responsive to en-
lightened public opinion, Hughes
said. and since" public opinion ID
developed by consideration Of the
facts, there should be every possible
facility for presenting the true
situation to the people at the proper
time. :"
W. CCihatCs
The Secretarysof State and mem.
bers of his department should be
free to appear before the Senate,
to explain or defend his foreign
policy, and to have an opportunity
OF meeting any exigency which
might arise in the course Of debate
over an Important treaty, Hughes
asserted. k:N5!S
Summarizing the foreign policy of
the United States as he conceiyes it.
the Secretary Of State said:
"Our ultimate security and the
assurance Of our progress will not
be found In constitutions or statutes
or treaties or conferences, importan.
as these may be, but in the self
respect that will not permit abase-
ment: in the national pride and just
self.interest that will not tolerate
Interference with independence; in
the spirit of helpfulness which seeks
not alliances but honorable co-opera-
ton; In the love of justice which will
not permit abuse Of power and which
scorns to profit by unjust accusation:
in the insistence upon the processes
Of reason by which alone we can
avoid the mistakes Of prejudice; in
the detestation of the demagogue and
an his works, the. most dangerous
enemy Of the republic; and in the
sympathy : with the weak and op-
ment Of human brotherhood through
which we shall be able to- reconcile
our national aspirations with the full
performance Of our duty to human
ity." ,ycn a.,.r v
Pointing out that the Constitution
gives ther Executive the" full power
Of conducting foreign relations. ex'
cept that the Senate In specially
authorized to ratify treaties. Hughes
said he was not IN favor Of any
which would encourage the notion
that the Executive is responsible to
the legislative branch in matters
clusivelyl Of executive concern. "
Part OF. u. 8. System. -''s >'
"To enable Cabinet officers to
vote in either House Of Congress
would require constitutional
amendment and I should not favor
It. but It is. quite consistent with
our system that the head Of a de-
partment should have the oppor-
tunity personally to be heard where
important departmental measures
and policies are under considera.
ton" r-+..L -.
Instead of being foreign to our
system, Hughes said, this practice
was once q part Of our procedure,
having ended In 1890 when Congress
refcsed to hear Alexander Hamil.
toms report on the Public Credit.
'"Mischiefs will not be cured by
methods which make misapprchen.
sion easy" Hughes continued.
Every facility should be provided.
consistent with our system, which
will aid In avoiding misconstructiof
allaying suspicion and. preventing
unjust aspersionss The remedy for
misunderstanding is explication and
publication or international engage.
ments. and, with respect to nego.
tiations, the absence OF Intrigue, the
avoidance of Unnecessary secrecy,
candor and directness. The diplom.
acy of the United States has been,
and is, open diplomacy" "a
The management Of negotiations
with foreign powers has its essential
conditions, Hughes said, which re-
late ~ to the. interest OF ones own
state; az to the, requirements OF
honofable ,ifitercourse between
states; and t3p' to %the maintenance
OF international good Will
while II is assumed that demo.
cracies area peace-loving," Hughes
said, 1T .scannpts be 4 forgotten that
the activities sof democracies fire.
auently make Il difficult to arrive
at a good understanding. The
press in each country. In large
measure, Is likely, to. voice extreme
demands and to resist accornmotfa.
tions. Often, the pseudo patriotic
spirit 10 developed, most fprobably
IN the interest OF local politics, and
efforts are made TO prevent settle.
ments by sinffammatory appeals to
passion in one or more of the
countries concerned.t- 80. .~.-.
Function Of the Press. 4.
The press. Hughes. declared, Is of
uaramount importance in establish
Ing public opinion, but in the ma.
ture Of things, this contact for the
most part must be informal. "Oc-
casionaf public announcements are
expected" he continued, rbut the
representatives Of the press desire
70 write in, their own way and to