davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-12-06

The Dominion Metaphysical Observatory
at Victoria, b. c., from, Which, Recently.
the Double Star Plaskett, $4,000. 100000
Miles from Earth, Was Discovered. With
Such Instruments Astronomers Have Re-
Gently Made Astounding New Discoveries.
and after the discovery of Haey's comet and
other wonders of the armament. Even without
figuring the attraction of these two mighty plan
cts astronomers were able TO compile the accurate
knowledge their patient observation and ealcula-
ton discovered.
Even discovering planet, however, might he
compared to finding the proverbial needle IN the
bavstack when the immensely Of space IS con-
si5ere1 Prof. J. S. PlaSkett, Of the British Co
lrrobia Observatory, recently found new double
star which was called Paskett in honor Of IT'S dis
.ovprer which is computed 20 be 52OCoOO0,OOO
.,Hes from the earth. And the more recent dis
o,vnfies Of nebuae and the proportions Of the
iarra Magellanic Cloud illustrate even better
80 almost incomprehensble dimensions OF space.
~. NapeIlanic Cloud is visible from the south
- bo-nisDbe-e and re -mbles the Milky Way.
0tsarva-iens of it were made the past summer
- 80, areol1ipa station CT the Harvard Collcg
a, .ar,,o+or,, in Peru New variable stars and
oooO 7ey nebuae we're located. And the linear
diameter Of this cloud was fixed at l7'VOO IL NJ
80 The cloud itself is 10000 light years dis
49, f-oD, the earth light year Is 100000,
COO Gao miles or the distance traversed BY ray
NO''O0 Of tight travelling at the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-12-06
he Girl AstroIogerW ho
las SfarfIed6eS

~ NJ sstss,ssss fsEf "a. a
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
Women S Tariff Protest
Not Influenced by Politics--Reallze
What Results Will Be
To the Editor OF The Tribune.

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
sir: 1t is a pity that OF the millions
Of unenlighiened women voters in this
coantry such small percentage are
privileged to enjoy Whidden Graham's
lucid explanation of the intents Of the
new tariff, published in The Tribune
OF July 81.
! Is Mr.. Graham hum orist. or does
he really think that women arc 80
gullible? II seems to mo that IL the
women are protesting against the new
| high tariff ii Is because they have the
sense 10 realize what the. results will
! be end that they are not blinded or
, influenced by the political aspects Of
the case. OF course. they know that it
Is competition that forces the lower
/ ing Of prices. But Mr.. Graham must
have an unhattering opinion Of the in
teiligence Of women If he really thinks
he c1n convince them by snch naive
Bit of reasoning as that contained in
his last three sentences.
The idea OF any manufacturer altru-
lstically lowering his prices and "seii.
Ing at q loss when foreign competi-
ton has been forcibly removed 10 a
beautiful ono-~inaeed. alnos. too good
to be true. 1t would be swees Of them
to thinh OF "the Pce-pul' before they
can bank accounts, but will they do
Il? No, and why should they? hut If
they ave so anxious to sell at ii loss
why cannot they begin now and Gem
pete With the prices and values of iin
ported goods and in that way keep con-
troll Of the market?
How long does b1r Graham think the
women Of America viii tolerate being
forced to buy inferior goods at high
prices? Does he think for a minute
That American women would not prefer
| buying American goods TO imported II
they could get the same quality at The
same price or even IL they could get
tho same quality? Is 1t possible that
| ell these years the women of America
have been hypnotized by that magic
word "itnported" and that il has no
real significance?
| No, Mr.. Graham. We may be simple
but If being so will help US to ace
these issues clearly, stripped Of your
man M ade political entanglements, then
may God let US remain simple and po-
litically ophisticated.
cannot help being reminded By Mr..
/ Grahams letter of a speech made by
our Mayor not long age in which he
proposed that Europe should be forced
to pay her debt to us at once SO that
we could use that money to pay the
soldiers bonus. The reasoning Of the
one is about as brilliant as that Of the
others
How can Europe possibly pay her
debt to US if we put every obstacle in
the way of the establishment Of
financial soundneas and the adjustmen.
OF foreign exchange?
AGNES BRIGHT.
r. New York, July "a. 1922.
MIR. Grahams letter, If The Tribune
is not mistaken, was "rote Sarcast.
kul. Ed
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30

formulate ard enforce its own raleg
and regulations governing practice and
procedure before it. 1t should be
clothed With every power requisite no:
oaly TO hriag the dispu.ing partiea be-
fere It but also to enforce upoa the
parties compliance w;th It's iindngs
and decsees. Il should be given juris-
diction OF its own motion over every
/ dispute likely to lead to strife be-
tween employers and employees in
cTer5 industry in the country which
By reason Of is nature il affected with
national public interest.
Q. Coal Mines tna Mining. No, un-
naturally, Under all the circumstances,
tho nation made greet mistake
in the beginning in not teeerving
30 itseli all the mineral resources IN
the public lands. Having failed TO do
this Wo now find d basic necessity OF
Che people the coal supply-pfe-
emptod by handful of individuals.
who regulate the outpet In such wey
that the cost Of Goa! 10 tne consumers
Is about four tiinca what ii should be,
aD5, IN effect. amounts to the i'm
position OF millions Of dollars Of taxes
upon the people. wno have no voice
shatcVer In the matter.
We have already subordinstcd thc
isIiroads TO the Public welfare b. sub
jccting item TO regulation and by taxi
ing from them tho power TO ix their
own ratos AMI charges. II legislation
regulating The railroads Is constitu-
tional and justified by the necessities
OF the situation. surely there is war
rant for Legislation respecting coal
tnd coal mining. That this industry
public and the cxtortions and abuseH
therein ended. would suggest the fol-
lowing Legislation by Congress;
An act creating board or commits
sion Of tho character mentioned for
the Industries affected with national
public Interest, and authorizing it to
take over all the coal-nining proper
ties IN the country III the name of the
government and operate them by agents
under Its supervision and control. tho
said board to have the power to fix the
wages of the miners and the terms
and conditions auder which they are
to work In the several coal fields and
the prices at which coal shall be sold
to the public and guaranteeing to the
so-ealled owners Of these properties a
fair return on the properties in the
way of royalty or percentage OH the
total annual production and sales
which you'd be in the form Of an ade-
quate compensation to the mine own.
ers for the taking over and subord;.
nation of their property to public use.
and necessities.
The foregoing is merely by wsy Of
suggesting some remedies for prob
lens that are growing in gravity from
year to year, and which, if not solved
will eventually wreck our institution:
and destroy our social order.
ALEXANDER SIDNEY LAN4FR.
Washington, D. c., July "a. 1929
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
klansnan on the K. K. K.

To the Editor Of the Tribune.
Sir: Your editorial Of this morning
on the victory of the Ku-Klux Khan
candidate in Texas is both amusing and
lnstructing to one who happens to
Know q few more of the true facts
concerning the Klan than YOU evil
IDENTIFY do.
in the first place, let me deny again
that oft repeated charge that the Khan
fosters religious and racial hatred.
which seems to be the favoritc pcint
OF attack by the Klan's enemies. The
Man is open TO any white man IRE
Spcctive OF creed who is willing to
swear allegiance to none save the Pres
ldent of the United States and his dulv
appointed officers of the law. Cath
ones are barred only when they them
selves refuse to take this oath. We
have nothing against them as citizens
and conduct no propaganda againat
eheir church. Our order stands four
square for religious liberty and neither
mterteres with nor brooks interference
by others in any organized or unorgan-
iaed body Of Christians.
We do not admit negroes because
ours is white mans organization and
we believe in white supremacy" our
privilege. believe, under the Constj.
tuition of this land) For the same
reason we exclude Japanese, Chinese
and all others but the Caucasians. al
though we are not interested in inter
1er'ng with these others 20 long as thoy
obey the law of the land.
As for publicity proving a liability
to our order. such is indeed a complete
contradiction Of the truth. Durino the
recent expose" Of our organization b.
New York newspaper our membership
III this city rose from 2eo to 300 per
cent enabling US to organize several
new k!ans. We are not afraid OF in
yestigation and welcome the pitiless
glare of publicity.
AS for our cntry into politics. | have
JSSS Iiis 70 say. nave we not, as a
society of loo per cent Americans. the
same, # not more, right to enter the
flcld in support of candidate whose
principles VIC approve, as hae The
Tammany organization and kindred
political societies? You will and il
you investigate that those men who are
Endorsed by this order are of the
highest type, politically and morally.
and well able to assume the RESPONSE
hIities Of Office if elected, We owe al
legiance 10 no party. acknowledge no
boss" and are animated soielv BY 3
desire to see the community governed
by the man who in our opinion will do
his duty to God and country.
Our masks and robes are simply
badge of Office and membership in the
order. and are not meant as disguise
to avoid heirs~~ co.~l,to
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
10 the Editor Of The Tribune.

10 the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: You published in your papsr
last Saturday letter from Toino saf-
centich entitled Montenegrin-S Serbian
Union" which would almost be con"
yincing, II true, but IL is not true, ana
therefore not convincing.
The Montenegrins are pure Serbs,
She aristocrats Of the Balkans, And II
is precisely for that reason that they
arc so determined TO have their au-
tonomy. The people Of Montenegro
are being oppressed by the Serbs, just
as the Serbs arc expressing the Slo-
venes and Macedonians. Numerous
lstters in the American press attest
shis statement. The Serbian military
forces in Montenegro have been IN
creased to 10000 men, over $4,000 be-
ing in the vicinity Of Cetsinje alone.
This should be conclusive proof that
tho country Is not peaceful.
The little states which were merged
into United italy became fused be-
cause the great mass of people pre-
ferred q united, liberal government to
tyrannical despot in each instance
The peopIe Of Montenegro do not want
to be ruled by Serbian despots, but
want and demand their autonomy, their
freedom, which they fought for and
held for six centuries.
The Montenegrin people did rot de-
eide by an overwhelming majority to
ioin Serbia, as Mr.. Sargentieh seems
to infer. The members OF the
skupshtina who voted for fusion
were not a majority, voted under
duress at the point Of the bayonet
and had no authority to do so. Tho
election was a colossal fraud, and we
have the word Of American, English
and other impartial investigators to
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
Law Of Nations Supreme
Distinction Between Political Treaties and Others
Chief Justice Marshall's Dictum

gresBienal power drew TO II the con-
current Jurisdiction Of the legislative
branch and such treaties were not
hehceforth regarded as laws Of the
lard Until executed by act Of Congress.
Madison. hoping to facilitate the en-
ercise Of the treaty power, urged In
the Constitutional Convention that the
President and Senate be given power
to negotiate treaties Of peace. Of ali-
ance and treaties eventual, but that
the negotiations Of other treaties be
by Congress. Thus, in general, politl-
cal treaties were differentiated from,
those affecting matter within the power
Of Congress, but tho distinction did
not find its way into the Constitution
except by necessary implication.
That distinction subsists between
these political treaties not affecting
questions purely of domestic jurisdc-
tion OF matters within the powers Of
Congress-. and those distinctly matter
Of Congressional regulation, Is patent.
In repeated decisions the Supreme
Court has indicated that no ono or two
nations can, apart from the universal
consent Of all members Of the society
Of nations, change the law of nations.
Thcraforc, its acknowledged rules are
above legislative power, and treaties
declaratoty Of the rules of interha-
tioha law above Legislative ahro-
gatioh.
The inquiry then is pertinent: Was
, it intended to invest the President and
the Senate with authority IS enlarge
BY exercise Of the treaty power, the
accepted obligation of the law of ha
tions which In the opinion of hamilton
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
Letters to the Tribune's Editor
1shaI aamrns gz4an1n

and numerous other early Constitu-
tional authorities, was binding under
The Constitution upon the United StaSes
unless relaxed by particular conven-
ton not inconsistent with its great
principles? Madison contemplated in
vcsting the President and Senate with
the treaty power only III case Of con
tngent treaties, alliances Of limited
duration and treaties of peace.
Treates eventual obviously contem-
plated performance, and if initiated in
the Senate, according to the then
practice, their execution as laws Of
nations would seem to have been
obligatory.
No such authority could be conceded
where expressly, as in the case Of for
eign commerce and navigation, the
subject matter was within the power
OF Congress; yet it is II fact that
American commerce on the high seas
was both before and after the Conssi-
tuition submitted, by act OF treaty
power, to the regulation Of the law Of
nations and thereby must have bscn
removed from the sphere OF di8crc-
tionary political authority, 1t Mar
shali's dictum has any real meaning:
"Aii act Of Congress must never be
construed to violate the Law of ma
tons, If any other construction re-
mnins," and never to violate the laws
OF neutrality as understood in this
country.
This distinction is fundamental TO
the whole question of building an
obligatory system Of international law,
constitutionslly restraining upon legis-
lAtive authority; affords the key TO the
appropriate distribution Of power to
commit this government to the several
classes Of international commitments
above referred to, and must insure the
facility and stability of American
treaty relations.
JOSEPH WHITLA STINSON.
New York. July 27, 1922.
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
Nettled at Howell
o the Editor Of The Tribune.

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: have just been re-reatlinc
yoar editorial another Progressive
Republican, Why glory in the sue
cess of Mr.. Howell in the Nebraska
primaries, a man who, according t.
your Washington correspondent, "has
been rather q constant thorn in the
sides Of the Republican national lead
ers7"
What has Howell done for the party
III Nebraska or the nation at large
Although q Republican National Com
mittceman since 1912, the electcra!
vote of the state went that year for
Woodrow Wilson. In 1914, securing
the Republican primary nomination
for Governor, he failed of election,
and then in 1916 his management Of
the campaign AGAIN sent the electoral
vote Of the state to Woodrow Wilson,
resulting in the defent of that sturdy
Republican, Charles e. Hughes.
Why should Republicans in Nebraska.
wishing to be renresented In the
United Stntes Senate by man OF long
experience IN the ~reatest deliberative
body in the world and man who has
fair idea Of the personal rights Of
Americans, go the long way round by
voting for this rather constant thorn !"
instead Of directly for the re-elec-
tion of Gilbert M. Hitchcock? Let
US Eeeo in mind that it is possible for
Old Guard, standpat Republicans to
cut the ticket" Just as Progressive Re-
publicano continually del~ht in doing
# we must have another l9I2-'16 "de-
bacle" Lead On!
L. DOUGLAS HOTCHKISS,
New York, July "a, 1922.
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30

ably know, an order has lately been
issued forbiddine members to wear
these costumes in any place other than
the meeting room. SO much for that.
Why not be fair, Mr.. Editor? We
do not claim to be perfect; there are.
as IN all societies. certain of our MEM
bers who run afoul Of our regulations.
but these are being weeded out as fast
as we can secure evidence against
them.
What we would like credit for and
what we are hones+ly en- ndeavorinp TO
do, is to bring home to the people Of
this nation, the fact that this is a
Christian nation and ar independent
one, and that its laws, as we'll as the
laws of God, must and shall be obeyed
Condemn if you will, but at least
give Us chance to prove our side of
the CAGE. We are proud Of our organ
ization and know IL will prosper re-
&ard!ess of the efforts OF those aliens
and Americans Of divided allegiance
against whom, and rightly SO, we are
organized, to ilnplant in the hearts Of
the American people unjust seed, of
suspicion against us ard the princi-
PIES for which we stand.
Forward knights OF the ku. Rlux
Klan! Rally to the defence Of your
order--"In the name Of our fathers
Tor our country, our home and each
ether. KLANSMAN.
Brooklyn. July 25, 1929.
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
10 the Editor of The Tribune.

TO the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir' The current number Of "Tho
North American Review" contains an
Interesting argument from the point OF
view OF the practical political seien-
list for amendment of the Constitu
ton whereby majority vote in tho
Senate, rather than twe-thirds vote,
will satisfy requirements relative to
the ratification of treaties.
The initiation of treaties in the early
Continental Congress and In the SEN
ate under the Constitution durine
Wsshington's Administration, IA prac-
tice fallen into disusc, had advantages
which deserve consideration. 1t az.
forded no Qualification under interna4
sonal law for refusal to ratify treaties
negotiated by the Executive Depart
ment, and not until the famous deho 10
on TIE Jay treaty In l795-'98 WIS ANY
distinction made in the case OF COM
meseial treaties whereby Congressional
action was necessary to give esccutory
or pronisoory treaties effect.
The higher ground was then aban-
doncd. Story tells us, that commercial
treaties when ratified were ipso facto
the Ia" OF the land. The early prae
tlee contemplated Executive action
ard exercise Of the treaty authority
consistently with the wishes of the
Sonata.
Treaty regulation of commerce be-
ing subject within the disetetioparv
political authority OF Congress, except
where limited by reference to the las
Of nstions, could not be delegated tc
The Senate. Therefore tho negotiation
of ekccutory agreements touching Con.
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
Federal Industrial Control
How Women View the Tariff


| support this statement. Ka0sla -
attaehe at the American En,basv, y !
Rome, and Captain james gtp.4
A. Il. r. we're sent to Moatezsvgo = :.
January. 1919, to investigate tss ~.
alton and reported inst Mos,e.., I.
had boon fercibly snnexcd
The people Of Montenegro piva, +.
Rave objected to Jugo-slay eonse6o,. '
ton organized for defensive p,:rso.a.
under which they would have res.;...
their autonomy, but they s,o,...
against being forcibly merged wal
Greater Serbia" which has 10. -,
usurped powers in Morteregso o..
tia and slovenia, bat has designs =
Albania and Macedonia as we'll
The fact that a few Mon,ensv,
attended the wedding OF King A,s,,
der Is insignificant. Alexafsag !, !.
grandson of the late King Nies,lss i,
Montenegro and It is understoea +,
some euartors that he IS opposed =
the barbarous treatment accorded r.,
Montenegrins by Pachitch and tho sss
bian "Black Hand" Seton. But sys.
then, few Montenegsins do not sas.,
for half a million.
The Montenegrins wart an opvo,
tunity TO decide their own fate win.
out interference, under tho auspie.
of an international commission NAM
by the League Of Nations or Other h.
ternstional tribunal. Montenegro ss.,
that the United stateg, England, Frane
and italy, who made specific pledges
as TO the autonomy and integrity ..
Montenegro, that her Independence
would be respected, should keep thoa
pledges now.
LUIGI CRIscUoIo,
Delegate Of Montenegro.
New York, July 20, 1922.
New-York tribune., 1922-07-30
ku klux klan Defended
Serbia and Montenegro
Control Of Key Industries
Federal Commission Rule Over Railroads. Coal and Other
Essentials Strike Solution
To the Idisor Of The Tribune.

To the Editor OF The Tribune.
Sir: The two most important ag n.
cies for the comfort, welfare and pros.
perity Of the nation arc coal and trans.
poIiation. There are. however, othe1
essential industries which arc also OF
vital Importance to the welfare OF the
people, whose interests arc very ad.
yersely affected By strikes in those in
dustrics.
In deeising and applying romed.e ea
the agencies that should be regulated
and conti oiled By the government for
the public welfare are transportation,
ell industries affected with national
public interest and coal properties end
coal mining. The abuses existing in
these industries, which have had much
to do with causing labor union radi-
cslism, coupled with the constantly re-
curing strikes to the detriment OF Tic
poople. will not be tolerated BY them
indefinitely.
In determining the remedies the
agencies mentioned should be dealt
with separately. and in this way wish
to offer the following suggcstions.
1. Railroads and transportation The
Labor Board should be abolished. Il is
defective IN two respects IN particular.
viz, in that 1t has no power TO enforce
its findings, and, being composed Of the
representatives. of three groups the
, public, the railroads and labor it can
hardly be expected to act with bnanm-
lty upon any question that comes be-
fore it. Furthermore, as rate and wage
making are so interrclated, both CUES
tons should be handled b. one and the
anne body 10 get the best results.
Therefore, the powers of the lnterstatc
Commerce Commission, which has
grown IN experience and in the esteem
CT ell interests concerned, should be
enlarged and It's powers strengthened
80 that they may have plenary powers
Tor the regulation and control of the
railroads and all other agencies OF
state trans portation. with power to fix
rates. charges and wages. subject. TO
appeal to the courts as to their rea-
condolences only, and with ample au-
thority to enforce their DEGREES In re-
spect thereto, which can be done within
constitutional limitations.
2. Industries Affected With Ma
tional Public Interest. To prevent
strikes In industries affected with q
national public interest Congress
should create commission or board
the personnel of which should be ap-
pointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate
without regard to party affiliations or
political beliefs. The members should
be paid liberal salaries and hold thei,
positions for life, or during good be.
5avior; in other words, this board OF
commission should, in the way of per
sonnel. pay and dignity, be on a parity
with the Supreme Court Of the nation
so as to inspire the respect and conf
dence Of the public, and particularly o.
labor and capital.
This body should be empowered t.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-04-30
Cashier Charged
With Conversion of
Navigation Funds
to The Tribune.

Special to The Tribune.
Kalispell. April 29.-An information
charging E. Anthony, who is an m
ploye of the Flathead Navigation COM
pany of Poison, with having converted
$4,000 belonging to the transportation
company to his own use, has been filed
in the district court.
The complaint charges that Anthony
had 'in his possession, custody and
control, as bailee and agent for the
company, certain personal property, TO-
wit: Money in the amount of $4,000,
and did willfuIly, unlawfully, knowing
ly, fraudulently, Intentionally and fell
~oniously appropriate said money to his
own use"
Mr.. Anthony had been employed
by the company at Poison as book
keeper and cashier.