davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23

leaves, causing them to die. They don't eat the foliage. What is the best remedy for this insect? Mrs. T., Route 9.
 A. One of the best remedies for this pest is kerosene oil emulsion. The stock solution should be dilutcf with water at the rate of one quart Of emulsion to 15 quarts of water, or a little stronger If a trial shows the plant will stand it. Spray late in evening so as to reach underside of foliage.
 0. What is the difference and which Is the best of the three ryes. Abru2yl, Georgia and Florida Black l? w NJ, Fayette.
 A. The Abruzzi is somewhat earlier. grows taller and the grain Is larger than other two, but I consider the merits so near alike the difference so small, as not worth considering In purchasing I would be influenced by sample only.
 e. Do you think 1t pays to screen out all small oats in planting seed? H. B, Route 2.
 A. It certainly does. I consider screened oats two or three times as valuable. In this way. you get rid of cheat. weed seeds and other ob- jectionable plants. Sow clean plump oats if you expect the maximum yield.
 c. I read much about Georgia bur clover. Is it different from our na- tive Alabama grown plant? J. R.; Marion
 A. No there Is no difference from the variety generally termed south ern bur clover (medicago maculatal. There is some California bur clover (medlcago denticulata) growing in Ia daSira hl There is also a limited quantity of another variety sometimes called Chilian bur clover (medicago Arabica).
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
CONGRESS READY
 TO RUSH THROUGH
 STRIKE MEASURES
From Page One

making an independent inquiry, re sronsibility will lie with those who recommend such action"
 Meanwhile work proceeded on the draft of the Emergency legislation to control coal prices and to provide for equitable distribution of fuel Word from House leaders was that the bill will be submitted tomorrow to the Resident for approval by the Central Coal Committee of which Secretary Hoover Is chairman. TWO plans were proposed. 1t was explain ed, one giving added powers to the Interstate Commerce Commission to enable 1t to use it's authority for allocation of coal cars as means of holding operators to fair prtces' The other, 1t was stated, would fol- low the suggestion of the President for use of funds a specially created agency to stabilize coal prices members of the House Interstate Commerce Committee to which the bill will be presented, said, however, that 1t would contain no provision
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23

rule was that each new prisoner was to put 50 cents Into a common fund for the use of the convicts failure being punishable by 25 licks on the bare back. Violation of in- structions of the warden or guard brought from 10 to 35 licks. Each person sentenced for 8 whipping would be required to remove his clothing and jack man." an officer of tho Kangaroo court" would strike him with a heavy leather strap which was two and one-half feet long. Dr. Andrews delivered the strap to the governor with the re- port.
 GuaEds Always Present.
 Warden Parker said he or a guard was always present when the Kan garoo court" was administering pun ishment, this preventing excessive punishment
 From the statements of a number of the prisoners 1t was clearly evi- dent that this court was used as a means of punishment by the guards for a number of trivial offenses and | instead of being a court organized among the prisoners and operated by them for correction of offenses among themselves, 1t was used as an instrument for punishment by the warden and guards" said pr. An drew's report.
 Tt seems that this court, up to about three weeks ago, was held from ono to two or three times a week and man after man stated that he had been punished a number of times by the officers of the court" Warden Parker stated to Dr. An drews that he had punished convicts a number of times, but always for offenses involving discipline. He fur ther said the kangaroo court existed with his approval and that during his eight years connection with the Eto- wah county convict camp whippings had been administered and prisoners had been punished by tho kangaroo court.
 One man claimed he was punished unmercifully by Mir. Parker when he was too i'll to work. Mir. Parker answered that this man and others refused to work after they saw story in a newspaper which said Gov ernor Kilby had abolished corporal punishment in the prisons. The war den whipped the convicts and they returned to work.
 Dr. Andrews did not make any recommendations to the governor.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
CONNECTS WHIPPED
 IN ETOWAH CAMP i,
 REPORT REVEALS
pr. Andrews States That Pris- oners Were Permitted to Form Kangaroo Court"
 to Inflict Punishment
By FRED H. GORdLEY Montgomery Bureau. The Ags-Iferald, 2z1-2 First National Bank Building

Montgomery. August 22.-(Spe- eial.)-Dr. Glenn Andrews. state prison inspector, today reported to Governor Kilby that convicts at the Etowah county convict camp were permitted by the warden to organ ize a Kangaroo court" in which punishment by whipping tas ad- ministered by other convicts and that the warden, J. D. Parker, ad- mitted that he whipped prisoners for infractions of the rules but new CT administered cruel or excessive punishment.
 Dr. Andrews said conflicting statements were made by he con victs, some saying they had been beaten cruelty and others insisting that the punishment was never se- we're or unmerciful. The report of tho prison inspector was made fol- lowing an investigation conducted by him last week at the command of the governor. Reports had reached the executive department that cruel and inhuman punishment had been meted out to conviotS at the Etowah camp.
 Before pr. Andrews report reached the executive department Governor kilby issued orders prohibiting cor poral punishment in all county con- vict camps. The inhibition had al- ready been established in state pris- ons and the new order merely ex- tends 1t to the county camps. In prohibiting the use of the strap Governor Kilby acted under sections of the code which provide that the state shall establish rules and regu- lations for county convicts.
 Better Than Reported
 In addition to his report, which in- dicated that conditions were not as bad as they had been pictured, pr. Andrews attached a statement is- sued by the convicts in which they said the reports had been exaggerat- ed, that plenty of food had been furnished and sanitation had been maintained in the camps.
 Sixteen men confined at the Park CT camp reported that they had been whipped, some saying the whippings were severe and others denying that severe punishment was administered. Physical examinations of some of the men indicated marks on their bodies while two persons were found 10 have ulcerated places.
 A great majority of the prisoners testified that a kangaroo court" was organized with the permission of the warden and that it often admins tered punishment for violation of rules promulgated by the court. One
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
SLIGHT BLAZE ON ROOF

Burning refuse on the roof of Chris cafe, 1928 First avenue, yesterday afternoon brought fire departments Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 6 to the scene oe the fire and caused considerable ex- citement among the downtown crowds. However, the fire was ex- tinguished before any material dam- age was done to the roof. According to fire department officials, the blaze started by the throwing of match on some trash hich had accumulated on the roof of the building.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
Garden Calendar for August

 ad pickle kae endve lettuce mustard panp parsley shao multiplying sets winter radhes fy spnach baga Set cabbage cola plants. Field CoPFor fall barley crimson clover hairy vh bur clover and sweet clover something crimson clover vetch.
 GadeTake bubs nsu daod Jonqu dry shade and store in dry sand in cool golden ayssu coumbne Canterbury bel carnations hardy daisies arpur pinks foxgOve gardia, gypsoph holyhock etc. Sowp
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
CONCRETE BRiDGE PLANNED

Gadsden, August 22-At a meeting of the city council last night, the street committee was instructed to, at once commence the erection of concrete bridge over Town creek on North Third street, which will give the farmers of the northern section of the county street to enter the city without having to travel the sa me street with the car line and have so many railroad tracks to
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
5000 T. c. l. Employees Will
 Receive 20 Per Cent Boost
 in Pay on First of Month
(Continued From Page One


 year. was over s45O,0oo,oo but it dropped to about sSs2. .Ooo, 900 In 1921, when there was approximately 190,- 900 employed.
 Bulging Order Books
 forecast of what Is to come is seen in the large orders for rolling stocks recently received by railroad equipment companies. The demand in other lines is also growing and there Is much rush work on hand, which calls for forces in many plants in excess of the number now avail able.
 In this connection. 1t Is reported that little success has been obtained thus far in inducing men laid off in the dull period year ago to return at the wages prevailing before the increase just announced. Many of these have left tho steel centers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
THE WEATHER

Extrem@ northwest Florida, Ala bama and Mississippi; Partly cloudy Wednesday and Thursday; probably local showers. somewhat warmer in the interior.
 Tennessee: Partly cloudy, and somewhat warmer Wednesday and Thursday; possibly local showers
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
PYTH|AN KNIGHTS
 WILL MEET TODAY

Many matters of paramount inpor- tance to the welfare of the organiza- tion will be taken up at the semi annual convention of the Knights of Pythias, of the second Pythian dis trict. comprising Jefferson and ad- joining counties, to be held today in Fraternal hall. This convention will also include that of the Pythian Sis ters. Morning. afternoon and night sessions, with luncheons to be served by the ladies and degree work fea- turing the days progress.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
SOCIAL MUCH ENJOYED

The annual social of the Brother hood class of the First Christian church was held last night at the church building, Fifth avenue and Twenty-first street. Refreshments were served and a number of selec- tions by tho male quartet were heard. Short speeches were made by J. B. Humphries, J. l.. Lentz and MT. Arbough.
 Assistant Chief of Police Thomas Christian and c. F. Michaels had charge of the arrangements for the party, which was considered very successful.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
DAMAGE SUITS FILED

George W. Massey and Mrs. Hettie Massey, his wife, filed suits in the circuit court yesterday asking for s2,500 damages against Lee c. Brad ley. as the receiver of the Birrhing ham Railway, Light and Power com pany, claiming that on April 30 a conductor on the Ensley Pratt car line had refused to accept transfers offered by them.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
CROPS WHITING

Heflin, August 22.-(special. )-- Crops are badly in need of rain throughout the entire county, accord- ing to farmers who are attending court here this week. In some sec tions scarcely any rain has fallen In four weeks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
GOLDEN DIES.

Washington, August 22.-Rev. Dr. Henry NJ. Couden. aged 79. blind chaplain of the House of representa- tives for 25 years until February 2s, 1921, died today at his residence of pneumonia.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
HELD FOR DISSIPATION

Pete Nichols, 30, of 212o1k Fourth avenue, north, was arrested and placed in the city jail yesterday aft ernoon by Detectives Helton, Bragan and Watson, charged with non-sup- port and desertion of his wife. A charge of the improper use of auto license tag was also placed against him.
 He Is being held pending the swearing out of warrants by the jul yenile court authorities.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
HOW DOES YOUR GARDEN GROW
Bv GEORGE B. M,VAY, sR.

AgeHerad questions about of their gardening Mr. behind him 32 sedman ground and Birmingham.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23

George w. c. DesoteII-Funeral serv- ices of George ". c. Desotell. S4. who died at his residence in Crest line Heights yesterday morning at 10:30 o'clock will take place from Hardy Chapel this afternoon at ? o'clock. Interment in Oak Hill cem- etery, with Iige Loy in charge. He is survived by his widow, two sons, Joseph H. Desotell and John Desotell, and two daughters, Mrs. J. D. Hillman and Mrs. c. l.. Wat kins. MT. Desotell was an old resident of Birmingham, having spent AS years of his long life in this city.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
DEATHS

Walker K. WOod-Funeral services of Walker F. Wood who died Sun day afternoon in Memphis, took place yesterday afternoon at o'clock, from the Fiftysixth Street Baptist church, Woodlawn. Burial was in Wood cemetery. with Vice in charge. e7
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23
LOCAL DATA For the 24 hours ending at 2 ?. m.,

Summary of observations made at sta tions of the United States Weather Bureau during the 24 hours ending at D. m.. goth meridian time, August 22, 1929:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23

Louis W. Brand--Funeral services for Louis W. Brand, 65, who died at his home. 52S Sixteenth street, north, early Saturday morning, will be Held from the Southside Catholic church this morning. 10:30 o'clock interment in the Catholic cemetery. The deceased was for the past l5 years connected with the Southern railway and had been a resident of Birmingham since 1881. He is survived by his widow: two sons. John Francis and Louis Joseph Brand; three daughters, Mrs. John w. Buell.. Mrs. w. F. Bricman and Mrs. F, F. McCrary all of Bjrming- ham; a sister, Mrs. Joseph T. Lyons and brother, Joseph Brand of Richmond.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23

Mrs. Catherine Hewson-Mrs. Gather inc Hewson. 57. died at the resi- dence of her daughter. Mrs. R. H. Johnson, 1909 Princeton avenue. West End, yesterday afternoon at 5 o'clock. The body is being held at Johns Undertaking parlors pend ing arrival of relatives and funeral arrangements will be announced later. Mrs. Hewson is survived by two sons. T. T. Hewson, of Char lottesv:lle, Va, and William Lester Hewson. Dott, w. Va; and her daughters. Mrs. J. c. Rives, of Washington. D. C., Mrs. H. B. Sadler of Birwind, w. Va, Mrs. J. w. Kits, of Blrefield W. Va, aud Mrs. B. c, Davis, of Birmingham.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-08-23

Earl Joseph Gillem-Funeral ar- arrangements for Earl Joseph Gillem age 2, son of AIr. and Mrs. Fred Gillem, who died at the home of his parents. 1905 Third avenue. yester- day afternoon, will be announced later by Johns.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10

ing woman, with chestnut hair, fresh COM
plexion, blue eyes and good figure
Arthur French made his way to America,
enlisted in the Eighth Infantry of the
United States Army ats Fort Slocum in
1905, afterward served as sergeant of
the Twenty-third Infantry in Manila, and
eventually, after receiving an honorable
discharge from the United States Army,
settled down to live on the island of Min
danao, the largest of the Philippine group,
as a storekeeper, with native domestic'
establishment of his ow1f.
In 1913 Arthur French succeeded
through his fathers death to the peerage
as fifth Lord de Freyne. But as no prop
erty accompanied the title, Lord de
Freyne remained at Mindanao. Mrs.
French, nee Angus, thereupon assumed
the title of Lady de Freyne," but was
repudiated as such by the nobleman of
Mndanao, who had married her. He ad-
mitted that he had been married at the
Edinburgh registry office after the Alex
ander divorce case, but insisted that the
union was INVALID, on the ground that she
had not bee free to wed Captain Alex
ander. She then instituted proceedings
for divorce against him, thus asserting
The Washington times., 1922-09-10

in existence, with accommodation for sew
eral thousand inmates Of both sexes, every
one of whom is an insane criminal
Broadmoor stands not far from We'll
lington College, on plateau, inthe midst
of the sandy pinewoods of Berkshire, sur
rounded by beautiful grounds.
The vast majority of the inmates are
known as "the Kings pleasure lunatics."
These are offenders who have perpetrated
crimes and who have been found guilty,
but Irresponsible" This is form of YER
dict unknown in the United States, where,
if an offender is pronounced insane he is
held to be legally innocent because ire
sponsible. Thus, the New York jury that
was called upon to determine the fate of
Harry Thaw when placed on trial for the
murder of Stanford White having found
him insane, had no alternative but to
acquit him. His insanity being thus
legally established, the presiding Judge
was able to commit him to Matteawan as
a dangerous lunatic, but only until pro-
nounced cured.
When an English jury finds prisoner
"guilty but insane," the judge commits
him to- the Secretary of State for the
Home Department, who issues an order
for his transfer to Broadmoor, to be de-
tanned there during the Kings pleasure"
1t is very rare, indeed, that homicidal
maniac thus committed ever RECEIVERS his
liberty, even if cured. He cannot be freed
by any judicial process, but only by the
warrant of the Secretary of State for the
Home Department, acting in the name of
the sovereign. A murderer who has been
declared guilty, but insane"-that is to,
say, to have been demented when he per-
petratej the crime-remains always guilty
and criminal in the eyes of the law, amt
as such never recovers his or her civil
rights.
1t is assumed that such cases are beyond
cure, and since the King is theoretically
and in point of law the guardian and the
trustee of all lunatics, he or she is held
there during the Kings pleasure" But
in the case of Ronald True, who was held
sane by the judge and jury which convict
ed him of the murder of Gertrude Yates,
he is held at ,Broadmoor not during the
Kings pleasure, but only until he is de-
clared cured of the insanity developed
after his trial and conviction; and on the
report of his recovery he will have to face
the fulilment Of his suspended sentence
"to be hanged by the. neck uhtil you arc
dead" wv
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Gertrude Yates, Beaten to Death
in Her Flat by True, Who
Then Stole Her Jewels.

mother, who at one time bore the title of
Lady de Freyne." 1t was this story of
hgh-placed influence that embarrassed
the Government.
Ronald True's family history is, in fact,
quite romantic. His birth certificate
shows that he was born in 1891, at Chorl-
ton Upon Medlock, a suburb of Man
chester; that his fathers name was Will
liam Thomas True, once a prominent
artist and bohemian, and that his mother
was Annabel True, formerly Angus,
native of the little Banffshire town of
Rothes. What Became of William Thomas
True is not known. But in 1902 Captain
William Alexander, Of the Royal Fusiliers,
obtained divorce from his wife in the
London courts, her maiden name being
given as Annabel Angus, and named the
Hon. Arthur French, oldest son of Lord
de Freyne, a fellow officer of Captain
Alexander, as the correspondent. The
family. On November Is of the same
registry Office at Edinburgh to the divorced
Mrs. Alexander, who gave on that occa-
sion her name and antecedents as Annabel
Angus, daughter of the keeper of a small
inn known as the Seafeld Arms in the
Banffshire town of Rothes. She also
served as "barmaid" for a time.
On learning of the marriage, Arthur
Frenchs father stopped his allowance, and
bereft of resources he and the former
Annabel Angus soon parted, he making
his way to America, while she, as the Hon.
, Mrs. French, became very well known in
London bohemian circles. She was in
those days a very beautiful and fascinat-
The Washington times., 1922-09-10


and convicted of forgery at Alameda, in
California, in the latter part of 1915.
It is a remarkable fact that whereas
some of the "pcerages" and standard
works of reference mention the former
Annabel Angus as widow of the fifth Lord
de Freyne, without giving her address,
others ignore her existence altogether.
But she is known as Annabelle, Lady de
Freyne. She still retains much of her
youthful charm. She has married
fourth husband, a man of wealth and re-
sponsibility, who has generously enabled
her to pay Ronald True an allowance and
also to defray the expense of his defense.
There are actually three Ladies de
Freyne. They are Annabella, Lady de
Freyne, who is Ronald True's mother
Marie, Lady de Freyne, and the Lady de
Freyne, wife of the present peer. The
second Dowager, Marie, Lady de Freyne,
has been distressed by persons assuming
that she was the mother of Ronald True
and expressing sympathy with her.
Broadmoor has sometimes been described
as "The Murderer's Paradise" and by
others as Great Britain's "Bastille," and
is undoubtedly one of the greatest and
most interesting institutions of the kind
The Washington times., 1922-09-10

Moreover he was allowed to wear his
own fashionable clothes, instead of crimi-
nal convict garb. He expressed himself
as being quite happy and comfortable, and
enjoyed to the utmost the beautiful
grounds of the asylum.
Then some one, from within or with
out, seems to have called his attention to
the fact that his sentence was merely
suspended one, and that in the event of
to pay the penalty of his crime.
True then became violently insane and
had to be removed for a time to the re-
fractory ward. Since then there has
never been day when he has not shown
symptoms of violent insanity, so that it
would be difficult to send him to the gal
lows.
1t is stated that he has been known to
show the keenest interest in a difficult
chess game, when all of a sudden he
would start tearing his hair and utterng
maniacal shreeks. Was this behavior due
to a sudden fit of insanity or because he
realized that keeper was watching him
and that it was time to get in the daily
asylum record as mad?
1t must be remembered that judge and
jury were perfectly convinced that True
was fully responsible for his actions and
that there were no mitigating circum-
stances. 1t is true that he was shown to
be drug fiend and degenerate, but
these are not regarded as mitigating cir
cumstances. 1t was only after his convic-
tion and when he was confronted so to
speak, by the spectacle of the scaffold
and of the moose, that he gave way to fits
OF insanity, which may have been feigned,
or which may have been caused by the
stoppage of the drugs to which he had
become more or less of a slave.
On this being reported to the Secretary
of State for the Home Department, he
caused Ronald True's condition to be ex-
amincd by commission of three experts,
two of them former directors of the
Broadmoor Asylum, and the third, Sir
Maurice Craig, recognized as the fore
most alienist of his day in the British
Isles. They reported to the Home Secre-
tary that whatever Ronald True may have
been at the time of the murder he was
undoubtedly irresponsible and insane when
they examined him. On the strength of
this report, the Home Secretary, who acts
in the matter in the name and in behalf of
the King, ordered reprieve of the execu-
ton and suspension of the sentence, by
virtue of the law OF the land, which has
been in existence for some four centuries,
according to the terms of which "an in
sane man cannot be sent to execution"
When the public learned that this re-
pulsive murderer was escaping the gal
lows while similar clemency was refused
to a poor addle headed pantry boy, the
report was circulated that True's escape
was due to the influence of his charming