davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Mrs. Lillian Curtis went to Eagle
Grove this morning on a short business
trip.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

0. A. Cragwick. of Ellsworth. is a
business visitor in Webster City today.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Miss Naomi SeversOn, of Jewell,
spent Sunday here with the +. G. Sny-
der family.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Best outside white paint $3.50 per
gallon at the L. f. Stuart wall paper
store. 1903
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Miss Maggie Smith went to De.
M0ines this morning for a few days
visit.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

the return limit will be October 81, but
some tickets to Michigan and Wis
consin points carry a thirty day limit.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Miss Myra Z. Call went to Newell
this morning on business.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Violet.ray scalp rea tments Rose
land Beauty Parlor. 4-jd1mO.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

C. c. Peterson, the builder, $40 Cedar
street. Phone 7SG diff
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Mrs. s. o. Hytland, registered Spen.
Ger corsetier. Phone ASSN. 1O-26dtf
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

II. II. Hoyt, loans, insurance.
11-19dfj-tf
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Mrs. a. G. Fear. of Williams. was a
business caller here Saturday.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10
Money to Loan.

On Webster City real estate. Address
H. S. NJ, in care Of this paper. Ado
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Hair goods. Roscan1 Beauty Parlor.
4-5d1mO.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10
$4,000 >%>@>/~ >4>4>$>$
BRIEF NEWS NOTES
49, 49, >t>$>$~4 >&>&>$>$
Bring your sweet and sour cream to
the Webster City Dairy. 2-17dtf

The Dr.. +. H. Conrad residence on
First street is being newly rcpaintcd.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

3x5 and Axe card filing cabinets, also
index cards, at the FreemanJournal.
office. 1913
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10
Let George DO the Work.

Let him incubate your eggs, Geo
Jewett. Phone BAR. .l1Of1dtf.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

Miss Kitty Herman Of Granard,
County Longford, Ireland, who is soon
to marry Michael Collins, the Irish
leader. Their romance Is attracting
MS much attention in Ireland as did
the romance Of Princess Mary and
ViscOunt Lascelles.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1922-04-10

F. A. Boyscn. dentist, Second st. dt1
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

b u - X 3 I,
that he. will not find it necessary to
be as long-winded as this time, un-
less he has something more tangible
to offer towards the general discus
sion.
Our conclusion: This county agent
squabble is merely an incident in our
general discussion of the present con-
duct of county affairs. Personally,
the said county agent means just
about as much to US as he says we
mean to him. So we are quits, there.
And it's easy for any gentleman with
"peeve" to howl "liar" when mat
tiers of this kind are discussed. Any
way, why can't we have a vote on
this thing in June? Let's see what
the people want, any way, and save
calling each other names.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

It ID interesting to note the policy
Of the so-called farmers Newspaper"
down the street. It roar 3 long and
loud about being the farmers mouth
piece, ETC., etc. But the fact still re-
anains that the Free Press rehashed
practically all the junk the Courier
News handled for two years against
Nm. LANCER. And the Courier News
Aas rstrseted every word Of it.
The only difference between the
Courier News and the league sheet
hero b that the former has rstract-
"a III lies while the local sheet hasn't.
The Feree Press gets the Courier
News every week. Yet. it didn't de-
vote ono word 70 . discussion q the
Courier News retraction. The fact
II. the Free Press editor doesn't want
the LEAGUE followers to hnd out shout
Il at all. Il, 1 y.
The Courier News has been run
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

by just such fy-by-night characters
as the Free Press editor himself.
They have peddled the same line Of
CUFF that Miller has peddled. And
time will show that Miller himself
will make the hackers of the Free
Press step lively-when his theoreti-
cal salary account reaches a figure
sufficiently large to make action worth
while. Watch the developments a
few months hence. When that time
comes, Miller will probably have the
plant and Stewart, the other main
creditor, will be holding the sack.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

The hearing on the claims of Sen.
Tom Watson that officers shot down
their men in cold blood, and that en-
listed men were hanged right and
left without trial in France, will come
to a close this week. A vast amount
of time and money has been expend-
ed in hearing witnesses from all over
the United States who were sum-
moned to Washington because it was
supposed they had some definite in
formation on the subject. In prac-
tically every instance, they had moth
ing but hearsay on which to base
their opinions. Once in while, some
hard-boiled ex-soldier would burst
forth with all sorts of horrible charg-
es, sometimes claiming to know the
facts of his own knowledge. In ev-
cry such case several witnesses would
be found who promptly disproved
such allegations.
Most of the alleged evidence bear
ing on such charges came from two
classes of ex-service men, "crabs and
nuts" One weak-minded class I'M
doubtedly imagined many of these
things from being filled up on the
wild yarns that circulated in every
army command. The other bunch
were peeved because they were forced
into the army, and have never quit
growing about it yet.
It is quite probable that men were
actually shot down by their officers
or non-commissioned officers at the
front-under exceptional circumstan-
ces. It is easy to believe that one
soldier, crazed by fear, might disor-
ganize an entire command just as one
man yelling "fire" in a crowded the
atre might create panic. In such
q case, the killing of the crazed SOL
der might be the only possible solu-
ton. There were undoubtedly cases
where men vented their spite on each
other under the cover of battle, but
it is safe bet that more officers lost
their lives than did enlisted men in
that manner.
We certainly hope that the people
of Georgia will take the first oppor-
tunity, to retire the United States
Senator who caused all this commo-
ton, Sen. Tom Watson. He must be
elassed as notoriety-seeker after
such an exhibition as he made of him
~
self in bringing these rotten charges
against the American army and its
nurses, as well. nT
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
Supreme Court Uphoids "Unfair' BAN
II Violates Antitrust Laws. !.

Supreme Court Uphoids "unfair" BAN
Violates Antitrust Laws. !.
st. PaNl-O Organized trade fboycotts
violate the Minnesota antitrust law,
the state supreme court ruled In, one
Of the most important decisions hand
ed down in recent years. In the spe-
ciflc' case decided. the court held thai
conspiracy to boycott motion picture
1theater is an Unlawful restraint OF
trade. III \. 5iss B. q, 4 b gs.]f:*
The supreme court upheld District
Judge w. W. Bardwell Of Hennepin
county in granting An injunction Jnly
~, 1920. restraining labor nnion,
from picketing the Wonderland the.
atre, 20 WashinIton Ave. g., and from
proclaiminE II In the o3icial labor
organ % "unfltr. 4 Il rs sf 81
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

Display Rates.. IS cents per column
inch for single insertion. 20 cents for
contract space. Ten cents per inch
for composition.
Locals, Ten cents per line for one
insertion.
The Record circulates thoroughly In
the south half of the county, and quite
generally throughout the north half.
Advertising copy should be in the
hands of the printer not later than
Tuesday noon. of each week.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
4 Andy Miller doesn't seem to be
having very easy sailing in his cam
paign for the Federal Judgeship.

It is said that Judge Christianson,
ef the state supreme court, may be-
come . candidate for United States
Senator against Porter j. McCum-
ber. If the Judge SHES his hat in
the ring, Porter and. his boys will
have to do some tall ".fixin" to con-
troll the situation. land there will be
= real. fight in North Dakota.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

Last week the league sheet came
ont half size. It is now published as
. four-page six-column affair. Well,
ut that, it has hung on better than
many of the league sheets through
out the state. It now has practically
no revenue, and is only hanging on
by the grace of Ed. LAWYERS money.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

The Free Press this week is just
little bit larger than postage
stamp, and not nearly as valuable.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
E,1aoNs coUNrY
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
THIRD JUDICIAL. DISTRICT
g4&
.-t-. -

Frank. p. ALLEN, Presiding Judge
Fred a.. Oliver, Stenographer iN
GEO. ~. McKenna, Associate Judge
e: II, Olsen, Stenographer 81
Rev: e. r. Newcomb. Juvenile
Omcer for Emons, Logan and, Mel
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

], ~. g. q Z: Y. meets the frst Friday, IL
Pres, Mrs.. Thruda Ieyermani Nh ",
Vice Pr. Pres. ia and q & Treas, Mrs. Fay
Harding i; & !. ,:.,
Cor. Sec. Mrs. Ellyn Paeel
rec. Sec, Arss Neflfe Freeman,
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
ERMlONS COUNTY RECORD
r. b. srnEETER. publl.ler
Omcial County Newspaper
Omcial City Paper
re Pioneer Paper of Emmon. Count,
Established 1881

The Record is entered at the Linton,
/ North Dakota Postoff1ce as second
class matter.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
..,.-A--L.,,
ALDER MEN
CHURCH rl,

:, GERMAN EVANGELICAL RRyrn
Ems CHURCH. Services at 1tS.so INA
dd a9 moF seh9ol At 1920 every third sun
Ing services at 1880. : u1' : sven yen.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

Foreign Advertising Representative
The AMERICAN PRESS ASSOCIATION
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
NJ ROYAL SsssLl NE1aHBoRs. Linton Loax.
LILLIAN LANG, Oracle
ETA 8JUNGE. Recorder

q cATHOLIC SEWING CIRCLE. Nee.
t every second and fourth Thursday at
Nj; ~ -: A1 S1a;' Hs Ssss VIC. Pres.
Mrs. NJ T. Barger, Treas.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

!. s MEgrHoPisT EPISCOPAL CHURCH
ff 'eaeass ssc clE 1880 2. m; Epworth
ing, 1880. 70 = 80 - ee s.sess'uasay even
NATHAN l., ROCKWELL. paator
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

's.s.erise ~ 4. z.e.-1 80. e !
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

:. GERMAN BAPTIST CHURCH. sar-
v, every second Sunday at ii:30 a
d e; a schd IN evening at 5000 p. m. SIN
uay ochool every Sunday at 1880 a m
REV. RUDOLPH I.fICGS is~
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

ST MATTHEWs EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
Sunday School in.nHF
Morning Service INSTRUMENTATION y IN .. ~.
Evening Service 7.Is :, a. M
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

EVANGELICAL CHuRcu ~,
at II o'clock every fonrth sHnIasS.h
evening r. aninE services at 1880. Sunday school
AZ 4O:oO a. m. every Sunday. =
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

n1 z,TESS gsHE4. E 8. ORDER OF
and third Tuesday. Visit,nS ,nsr R Ress
always welcome, : 33is--,ff' . ''.H'llo'efS
FRANCES HANSON. w N 4
ETA JUNGE. Sec.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

REFORMED CHURCH OF STR 4 sRYtnc
services in Holland at 10: 200 a N
services In English at 900 d. m.
Il. DUIKER, Pastor
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02
CLUBS

n1 kSksc n !, OF VI. rYTH1As. Linton
welcome. 5 80 - -; 80 S aAs"saSs
t'., ~, !, :, H. II: HANSON. e. G. x,
,Lz.s.sA oSS'AR. BERTHEAU, X. r.. S.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

oIoA sVlsS ana suppose one OF these
by his own ambition and work, or BY
the assistance Of his father, Or by
both. should spend at least eight
years beyond the eighth grade, and
tla6tssasda Of dollars. In getting Z
;zesiegeN education. " ouldn,t Il yyoii,: Tx;
parent, yes. the whole neiehborbood;
expect that boy 70 earn i better sri
sry than the other boys who probably
received only : sixth, seventh or an,
eighth grade training /! OF course.
there are college graduates that are;
no good -and ID your opinion / an,
one q them. Very we'll; II YOU 81 would
confne your attacks on me person
any. ! would not say I word IN de-
Tense. You have perfect tieht Is &,
that and y doesn't effect me NE & par.
ticle Whist you think Of me. but Wv
tackle re several hundred farmers
= Stsess9lsss5 80 3sf 4
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1922-02-02

tAFBeSl One-usan prOuuctlOn was j ,261
tons ST ~. it. ~ &, d Il Y
Valley CITY After two weeks deyot.
ed to the selection of a Jury and. the
presentation Of tho state's ease against
William Gunner, young hotel clerk,
eharged with the murder OF Miss Marie
Wick, 18-year.old girl from Grygla.
MINI, in the Prescott hotel last June.
the case was adjourned over nearly 1
week because Of the illness Of States
Attorney Green Of cass county and the
indisposition Of one Of the defense
council. The case is resumed With
the stale still calling Witnesses ana it
now appears that tile end win not
come before early In February. II
IN 0Ismarel Hail Warrants |, 9issue,i sin
1921 totaled &S,b67 .0el, losses sto the
pumber Of q, Oh being paid. Williams
county suffered the greatest loss, Nc
lntosh the smallest. The state su-
prelne court has ruled that hail war
rants are assignabls but not negoti-
able. II 3sf;!5 81 a
sas.sarsii Work d, the y Liberty
Memorial building on the state capitol
grounds has been discontinued until
spring. The superstructure then viii
hs lated alsh0ssl the .builillae.
will not be ready for occupancy until
after the next session Of the iezisla.
tprs. !.
The Chilkat post., 1922-09-29
TIE SPORTING PAGE.

they've those rackets from nehor- We at yet they're to the Weather that won't call Monday Il if the Til dens and Johnsons
 want to it. we Il schedule e& you say you tenni s-sharks1 G:
 Bowling from getting into to put the alleys in shape Bowling Alley sort of sub-stat1on of Che Library alleys themselves need whole lot of other libis Plans cleaning before another by. Then, the League starts"
 schedule aeadquarters Ce. "E" that there's out of each that bow1srs get together artists evenly the different teams outfit to give decent competition and Officer will Companies 
 separate pan1es will against experts of
 
 three "" least two from Aeadqart from the QM the lstars the of Halnes How bowlsrs: Let's action:!!
The Chilkat post., 1922-09-29
BASKETBALL:
BOWLING:

Just get that stationery movie scree out of the we Il start the hoop gameThe old will until the quarters the Post School another effort ths week if can't toward the of It, flight we for puni h ment cheer basketeers Il get started yet The years the that.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19
P.D. bRANCHAT
 NORENC| ADDS
 TO MINE FORGE
Tentative Plans Are Outlined by Captain Hodgson Before
 Officials and Employees

CLIFTON, Nov 1S.-With song and music, an excellent menu, and short talks by Manager J. P. Hodgson, man. ager of the Phelps Dodge Corporation Morenci Branch and Gerald Sherman, chief consulting mining engineer, the first "get together" meeting of Phelps Dodge officials and employees was held in the MOrenci Hotel recently
 SiXty-five men sat down at the din her table including members of the F. D. official staff, engineering, min ing milling and smelting department, and invited guests.
 The engineering department alone said Captain Hodgson, has work map ped out ahead that will take them two years to complete in bringing the diff ferent levels of the former A. C. mines to g common elevation with the P D. underground workings.
 The Morenci manager. informed his guests that although the output or the No. 6 mill would be immediately in creased to 1400 tons daily, the big remodeling plans for the concentrat- ing department will not be undertaken until the copper situation justifies the expenditure, and that although he had hoped that smelling operations could be resumed at the Clifton smelter in the near future, that department would also have to wait a while longer
 The Morenci mines of the Phelps Dn1 IL are continuing to add to their work ing forces in the district. Some of the former employees of the company are returning to the district to work and it is believed that when it is gen erally known that from POO to 25O men will be needed within the next month to place the properties on a producing basis of about 400 tons per day. with corresponding increase at the con | centrator, more of the old hands vii ! be returning.
 l It has been definitely decided that ] for the present, and proba bly, for some months to come, the concentrdtor a i Morenci will be shipped to the Doug las shelter. The amount of concen trates produced daily is not sufticien
 to run the Clifton smelter satisfactor fly, and as the Douglas smelter has very large capacity, both concentrate
 and sulphur to give them a good mix
 ture for the furnaces, and the Morer
 ci concentrates contain quite a larg
 amount of sulphur, and the furthe
 fact that at present the copper marke and general conditions in the bushes
 do not look very promising, it is fel
 that it would be better not to attemp
 to start up the Clifton smelter untt
 a more stable market condition oI
 tains.-Clifton Copper Era.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19
RED METAL PRODUCTION IS NOT EXCEEDING CONSUMPTION NOW,
 DECLARES IRON CAP OFFICIAL

The marked revival in many indus tries and the confidence in the future which prevails in financial circles and among business men extends to the copper industry, according to F. A. Woodward, general manager of the Iron Cap Copper company at Globe, who recently returned to Arizona af- ter an extended visit in eastern and southern states. Men prominent in the industry believe that the improve ment in other branches of trade soon will be reflected in a better demand and higher price for the red metal
 Production is not outrunning con- sumption, according to well-informed men with whom Mr.. Woodward dis cussed conditions in the copper indus try. The home demand for the metal is large and gradually growing. Re quirements of the American Brass com pany for less than ten mohths of 1922 have totaled 900.000,O00 pounds of cop per
 There has been some improvement in the domestic demand for the metal Users who have attempted to place fair orders for November delivery have discovered there is a scarcity of the copper for nearby shipments. This has resulted in quite a few orders be- ing placed for delivery up to the end of the year, and some sellers are giv- ing preference to the consumers who tn tol- has t,l tn the beginning of 1923.
 There is no complaint to be made with regard to exports. As matter of fact. the shipments abroad for the first nine months of this year were larger than deliveries for the entire nine months of 1921, and the indica- tions are there will be a continue good demand from foreign countries.
 Labor difficulties experienced by southwestern producers during the re- sumption period have been largely overcome, common labor in particu lar being abundant in most of the camps. Producers elsewhere, how ever. complain of a shortage of labor of this class, placing the blame on the new immigration laws, as not enough foreigners are coming into this coun- try to replace those who left here to return. to their native countries.
 The recent wage advances, which have spread to practically all the lead ing mining districts of this country, have added about one-half cent per pound to the cost of producing copper It had been the hope that quotations for metal would move up after the wage advance was made, but there is still sufficien. copper available in the market to keep the price at the 14-cent level.
 Production figures for the more i'm portant companies in the southwest
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19
AHUMADA AND ERUPCION MINING
 3,OO0,OOO POUNDS OF LEAD, 3O,00O
 OUNCES OF SILVER EACH MONTH

The Ahumada and Erupcion pro- perties are developing very satis- factorialy as ming progresses. Pro- auction is now running at about g.. 100000 pounds of lead per month and 30,000 of silver and this should be materially increased before the first of the year.
 Production began on August 16th ana the total operation for the re- of that month and for Sep tember sOwed an excellent profit.
 Tn the section of the mine where the first working places have been opened up and where ore is now be- ing mined, there is being shown up more ore than formerly estimated, due to extensions of known ore bod ies and their greater width and in some cases greater thickness.
 Considerable development work is going on in the territory above the
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19

Marjorie Tunnel where the orebody IS being thoroughly opened up in or der to increase the number of work places.
 The incline shaft is progressing This will make available for min ing the ore under the Marjorie tun mel, thus also giving more working places for the extraction of the ore developed.
 Several years production at the present rate of shipments have been developed to date
 The Chihuahua & Oriente Railway which is owned jointly by the Erup cion and Ahumada companies is now operating very satisfactorily. This company has recently purchased a heavy new freight locomotive with which to haul its ore trains from the Mines to JuareZ.-Skillings Mining Review
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19
THE REVIEWS WEEKLY MINING NEWS PAGE
Clearing House Report

NEW YORK, Nov. 1S-The actual condition of clearing house banks and trust companies for the week showed deficit in reserve of $19,- 642,600. This is decrease of $55,- 125.110.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19
Cotton Market

NEW YORK. Nov. 1S.-The general cotton market closed steady at net declines of s to 20 points.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-11-19
Baseball Year Opens
 Next Season April 17

CHICAGO, Nov. 17-MBajor league baseball fans probably will have to wait a week longer than usual to see thir favorites at play next sea son, as notices sent today by Presi- dent Ban Johnson of the American league and President Heydler of the National league that the chase for the gonfalon will get under way April 17.
 THis action was taken, it is said. at the request of club owners who hoped to avoid bad weather and ben eft their clubs by a weeks addi- tional training. This season will, ac- cording to notices. therefore close October or S, instead of October