davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
Lives Where His Father
And Grandfather Dwell

Stinnes's manner of life Is Just as
plain and simple as his appearance in
public. His home at Mulhein- am Ruhr
is in the industrial region where his
grandfather and father made their
fortunes in the coal business. He
lives In the house Of his grandfather,
a narrow fronted, ordinary. middle
class dwelling, which does not differ
from others in the neighborhood. II
is furnished like that of millions Of
other substantial German homes Any
one who expects to find the wealth OF
India and Araby which SHINES has at
his disposal in his home Will be dis
appointed.
SHINES has taken up his quarters In
Berlin at theaEsplanade Hotel, at the
Potsdamer Platz, which. like many
other large hotels in Germany, be-
longs to him. He would prefer to live
in Berlin in a quiet. middle class way,
but in the course of the day he re-
ceives a steady stream of people
Ministers, diplomats and manufacture
ers. People come with schemes OF all
kinds, from all countries. Any one.
however, who is invited TO lunch or
to dinner must not imagine that ne
will have Lucullan feasts. Lunch Is
comparatively luxurious, for then he
will get the ordinary hotel menu--
soup, a little bit Of fish and a, bit of
meat The supper, for which SHINES
is famous, Is different matter. Any
one who is not content with few
slices OF cold meat and couple OF
eggs would do we'll to dine heartily
beforehand, especially If his business
with SHINES keeps him there till late
at night.
SHINES has only two pleasures
working from morning till night and
his family life. His intimate world Is
composed of his wife and seven chill
dren. Here he finds peace'and recrea-
ton after the battles of the day. He
does not mind night train II he can
spend his Sunday at Mulheim with his
family. For example. SHINES has
large factories in Koenigsberg. East
Prussia. and his business often takes
him there. But as soon as Saturday
afternoon comes round he goes home.
spends Sunday at Mulheim and goes
back to Koenigsberg on Monday. That
means two railway journeys OF
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19

Pitney 10, McReynolds s and Bran
deis 6.
Federal Courts Formerly
Had Little Work to Do
The Federal courts had little to do
the first years of their existence.
There were few Federal statutes to
violate and little litigation that came
within the jurisdiction of the court.
To-day the calendars of the Federal
courts have hundreds of thousands OF
cases. They are drawing more and
more business from the State courts.
The bankruptcy business alone is of
enormous volume and is handled ex-
clusively by the Federal courts. There
are more than 10000 defendants out
on ball waiting to be tried for viola
ton Of the Volstead act. 1t is becom-
ing more and more common for corr
porations and large business interests
to bring suit in Federal courts than
in State courts. partly from a feeling
that appointed Federal Judges with
life terms will be more favorable to
large financial interests than State
Judges with elective terms.
Chief Justice Taft made a visit to
England last summer to study the
English judicial system and to try to
devise some way to expedite trials and
appeals in the United States courts.
The present system OF trials and APP
peals is Anticipated and cumbersome.
IL involves many questions of practice
and heavy expense II the case is to be
carried through all possible appeals.
This tends to give an advantage to
- litigant with the long purse.
1t is doubtful that the addition OF
the twenty-foui new Judges viii re-
suit In clearing up the court calen-
dars. Every volume OF laws that
Congress passes makes more business
for the Federal courts. Every exer-
else of power by the Federal Govern
ment tends to transfer litigation from
the state courts to the Federal courts.
A revision OF the jurisdiction OF the
Federal courts and a simpllfcation Of
he practice and the appeals would
'end more to relieving the cloeging OF
he calendars than even such an addi-
lion to the trial Judges as tho recent
* per cent increase.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19

~ RESIDENT HARDING will have
- the appointment OF more Fed
i eral Judges than any of his
predecessors In the White House. He
has already had the appointment Of a
Chief Justice and an Associate Justice
of the United States Supreme Court TO
succeed Edward Douglas White. who
died, and John H. Clarke, who re-
signed. He will also have In addition
to filing the vacancies caused by
death and resignation the appointment
OF twenty-three additional District
Judges and one additional Circuit
Judge provided for by recent legisla-
don.
Excluding these additional Judges
the President has the power to APP
point, subject to confirmation by the
Senate. to fill vacancies as they may
occur, Justices of the United States
Supreme Court, OF whom there are
8; Judges of the Court OF Claims. of
whom there are s; Of the Court Of
Customs Appeals, s.; of the courts of
the District OF Columbia, II. Circuit
Judges, 80; District Judges. s7. and
Territorial Judges, %.
Other appointments by the Presi-
dent In the Department of Justice are
lightweight District Attorneys and
eighty-eight marshals. one District
Attorney and one marshal for each
judicial district in the United States.
T'he total number OF officers and en-
ployees OF the Department OF Justice,
including the court officials. Is about
5000, the majority OF whom are ap-
pointed by the Attorney General or
the Judges In the different districts
md circuits.
Supreme Court Justices
k5s Formerly Toured Circuit
|. There are nine circuits, as many
circuits as there are Justices of the
Supreme Court In the early exist
ence of the Supreme Court there were
not enough cases TO keep the Judges
occupied more than week or two out
Of the year, and they spent most Of
their time on circuit. doing trial work
~ the various places for holding court,
work that Is now done almost entirely
by the district Judges, the Justices OF
he Supreme Court having more than
ley can do In attending to their own
alondnr
New York IL In the Second judicial
circuit. which also includes Connecti-
cut and Vermont Although this Is
IN the circuit which has the largest
volume OF business In the United
States there are other circuits that
have more Judges. Prior to the In
crease in the number Of district
Judges the four New York districts
had eight Judges Connecticut one and
Vermont one. making ten district
Judges in the Second circuit, while
The Fifth circuit. which includes the
Gulf States and the Canal Zone, had
'ghteen district Judges.
Not all of new York city ia in the
same Federal judicial district. Brook
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
Hard, Incessant Work
Fills the Day for SHINES

Such is Stinnes's life. II consists in
nothing but hard. uninterrupted work.
Although he is well over so It Is
astonishing. or rather uncanny. to see
how much work he manages to do
during the day. He will attend a num-
Der of meetings, hold half a dozen
business conversations, go through a
pile of papers and dictate Quantity
of letters. He asks you to be there
at nine in the evening to discuss
something with him. About half past
nine he asks you TO excuse him as he
will not be ready for another half
hour. He appears finally at half past
ten. You would suppose that he
would DO weary and tEed. On the
contrary, he will listen with the
sharpest attention to what you have
to say to him, will tell you the obJec-
tons he has to your proposition. make
his decisions brief, clear cut and al
ways to~the point. give you his ideas
clearly and impressively. This goes
on till two An the morning, until you,
who also have had heavy day behind
you, are tired and EXHAUSTED.
And this goes on day after day.
1t has gone on from the time when,
as n lad OF II. SHINES left his fathers
house to work as collier in coal
mine. He slept then In n miners
house, and tells many interesting
stories Of the curious family life which
he then shared. The house did not
smell OF roses, nor even of soap. II
was here that SHINES laid the foun-
dations of his wide experience. Above
all he learned during that year 10
know and appreciate the German
workman. He learned that the Ger
man worker is the most valuable
asset In Germany.
Long before the war SHINES ed-
vised his fellow manufacturers to
give up their position as absolute
masters over their workers and to
recognize the latter as a party In pro-
duction entitled TO equal rights. He
recognized that the idea OF absolute
control over industry could not be
maintained in the long run, and that
tho eventual compromise with the
worker would prove the more exl
pensive to the employer the longer It
was postponed. His own workmen
know, too, that SHINES Ia broad
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
Dominant Figure in German Business,
With Worldwide Interests and
an Army Of Employees, Lives
Simply in the House of His Grand
father and Is Devoted to Home
and Family.

keeper in small town. His head Is
distinctly striking. Short. black, bris-
Ting hair, an olive complexion, sur
rounded by a closely clipped black
beard, and a pair of clear brown eyes
when look out on the world as IL they
were gazing into the far distance. The
whole appearance of the man is strik-
ing and attractive. Some people say
he looks like a Jew, others like an
Assyrian, but in any case he does not
look in the least ordinary.
Even people who know nothing OF
psychology must recognize at once
that they are face to face with a man
of extraordinary gifts and capabilities.
His voice is pleasant. but Is unframed.
He has not the volume necessary for
eloquence. This is why SHINES speaks
so seldom in Parliament and In other
public assemblies of which he Is n
member. If one wishes to bear him
when he does speak-it is necessary
TO get close ito him. Usually his
speeches are full of clear headed sense
and the language is well chosen. but
they are not eloquent. He is not so
much interested in the form Of thing
as in what TO do, and he always has
something important to say.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19

Mr.. Cnno, the ioTtter of this article,
acdS until recently the chief editor Of
Stiffness leading newspaper, the
"DeutSche AIlOemeine Zeitung." He
sods daily in close contact Nth Stin-
mes. both In Berlin and at his home,
and Nth him discussed and directed
Stiffness political policy In the press.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19

handsome. highly gifted girl. She is
only twenty, but has already Travelled
widely in South America and has writ
ten her impressions in the newspapers.
All the SHINES children have their
fathers habit OF looking only at the
practical world, and take no interest
In music, painting, theater and the
other arts. But commercial activity in
Its highest sense. and on very great
scale, has a poetic side which raises
the captain of industry above banali-
ties of ordinary life.
Does SHINES seek only to make
more millions with his wealth. Is 1t
only thirst for power which drives
him forward? Any one who knows
him knows that he thinks very seri-
ously over the question Of the limits
to his power. Shrewd sense and
knowledge OF hard realities keep him
from losing the solid earth beneath
his feet.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19

Department Of Commerce officials
explain the falling OF In farm labor
by citing that the 1920 enumerations
were made at an on season Of the
year.
The great decrease from 1910 70
1920 in the number of farm laborers.
and especially In the number Of farm
laborers on the home farm, Is believed
TO have been due In large measure to
the change Of the census date from a
very busy farming season In 1910
CAPRI 15) to a comparatively dull sea-
son In 1920 (January ~" me census
report says. ALSO. the decrease OF
farm laborers doubtless was partly due
10 the fact that during the war large
numbers of them left the farms for
the factories or military service and
had not returned to the farms or been
replaced there by others at the date OF
he census"
assert that the bulk of the young mel
Who quit the farm for the war have
lot returned and will not return.
Farmers on general farms Increased
while their laborers decreased Dairy
1rmers and stock raisers also In
creased But there was steady de-
crease In women farm laborers. On
the general farms they decreased
from 267,703 In 1910 to 247.253 In 1920
Occupations in Which
The Women Increased
Some Of the occupations In which
the number of women increased be
tween the census enumerations of 1910
and 1920 are:
AS dairy farmers tney increased
from 2.57s to seas.
Stock raisers. from i.67A TO 2.637
Stock herders drovers and feeders
from 874 to 1898.
Dairy farm. orchard. lrden and
farm foremen. from 7.77s TO l4,34o.
Dairy farm foremen. from IS to lao
Gardeners florists, fruit growers
and nursery men, from 1884 to $3.50
Lumbermen, raftsmen and wood
choppers. from n to 279.
Owners and managers Of log and
'imber camps, from 4 to ID.
Operators officials and managers OF
mines, from lot to 1872.
Coal mine operatives. from <ot to
1895.
Copper mine operatives. from 10 10
1856.
Iron mine operatives. from 80 to 80
Opera tives II other and not specified
mines, from SO to LOT.
Oil and gas we'll operatives, from IA
to 247.
rhitects. designers and drafts
mems apprentices. from 43 to 2S9.
jewelers.. watchmakers'. goldsmiths
nd silversmiths apprentices, from 60
to 3S6.
Carpenters, from/3s to III.
Foremen and overseers (manufac-
turing), from 1910 to s0,171.
Laborers in cigar and tobacco fac
tories, from 1896 TO 1852: In clay,
glass and stone Industries. from 2.3SS
to 1929; In clothing industries, from
1916 to 6.326.
Food industries. from 1924 to 1913.
Harness and saddle industry. from
SO to 1853.
Iron and steel industries. from e,l4o
to 1881.
Manufacturing and mechanical In
dustriee, from 1,S20.570 to 1.930,S41.
Transportation. from i06.625 to 213
054.
Trade from 46s,oSs to 6s7,7s2.
Professional service. from 7Ss.ss1 to
l.o16,49s.
Clerical occupations. 5ss.224 n
1426116.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
The President and the Federal Judges

Ign and the rest of Long Island are
in the eastern district. Manhattan
and The Bronx and the Hudson River
counties are in the southern district.
The shortage of Judges in New York
has been somewhat made up by as
signing to New York city Judges
from other districts. The Vermont
district Judge has spent a good deal
OF his time holding court in the old
post office building. Several Judges
from the Fifth circuit sit frequently
in New York.
Without this aid the New York city
calendar would be further behind than
1t Is. or the new Judges two are to
be added to the southern district of
New York and one to the northern
district. The Republican organiza-
ton has announced its recommend
tions to the President for appoint
ments to these judgeships and also 20
the vacancy caused by the promote N
of Judge Mayer from district Judge
to circuit Judge.
Federal Judges in New York
Paid Less Than State Courts
The Federal Judges in New York
get about half the salary OF the jus
tees of the state Supreme Court. The
United States Attorney Generals SAL
airy is larger than the Judges salary.
They, however. have the advantage of
life appointment and the ability to
retire on full pay, while the United
States Attorney is q political appoint
ment and changes with the change
in administration at Washington.
with the exception OF President
Washington, who, being the first Presi-
dent, made all the first appointments
to the United States Supreme Court
President Taft In his one term made
more appointments than any other
President, including the Presidents
who served two terms. President Taft
appointed Ave Associate Justices and
one Chief Justice President Roose-
welt In his two terms appointed only
three Associate Justices. President
Cleveland appointed three. President
Grant four. President Lincoln four. II
was the same number President Jack
son appointed. President Monroe In
two terms had only one appointment
and President Jefferson three
Except President Washington. who
appointed three Chief Justices, only
seven Presidents, including President
Harding's appointment OF Chief JUS
zoe Taft, have appointed Chief JUS
tees.
Although Chief justices have al
ways been men OF mature age their
terms OF service after the court was
fully organized have been long John
Marshall was Chief Justice for 81
years, fancy for 2s, Chase for Q. Waite
For H. Fuller for 20 and White for IL.
Some OF the Associate Justices sat on
the bench long time. Justice Story
sat for 81 yeers. Justice Duval for a.
Justice Mclean 80, Justice Miller 2s
Justice Field -. Justice Harland "a
Justice clifford 90. Justice White fe
rs Associate and ~ years as Chief
Justice
~ the present Associate Justices
McKenna has been on the bench "a
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
In Most States Decrease
In Child Labor Is Large

The last census shows that the laws
protecting women and children who
have to labor for a living are having a
good effect. Constant hammering
against child labor has influenced en-
ployees throughout the States Of the
Union.
The statistics Of the Census Bureau
show that for both sexes and for each
sex there was very marked decrease
from 1910 to 1920 in the number and in
the proportion of children 10 to Is
years of age reported as engaged in
gainful occupations.'
These decreases are the more strik-
ing" the census experts assert. be
cause-with the exception of a slight
decrease from 1900 to 1910 in the pro-
portion for the males-each Of them
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
SHINES Widely Discussed,
But Very Little Known

But what do they know of Hugo
SHINES? There are few names which
are mentioned so frequently by the
worlds press. There are few men who
are so much discussed in Ministers
Cabinets, on the stock exchange or in
business offices. There are many
people, too, who know him personally.
but there are only a few who know
him close up. People know him as
one of the richest men in the world,
as one of the most enterprising kings
Of industry in the worlds business, as
Il man who possesses mines, electrical
works, engineering factories. fleets of
ships. vast estates. forests. hotels,
newspapers and printing presses and
who has his agencies in every portion
of the world. He is also known as
man who has in his service whole
army corps of employees and direc-
tors--directors who in their turn COM
mand regiments of employees. This is
what the world knows OF this man.
1t seems a great deal and yet at bot
tom il IS very little, for it tells us
rsthing about Stinness personality, all
the more interesting through the
power which he Yields.
STIFFNESS personality, like that of
most really great men, is at bottom
simple, straightforward and modest.
In his personal appearance he is of
average height. rather stocky. He
dresses as badly as an elderly book
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19
WOMEN WORKERS ENTERING ALL
FIELDS. CHILD LABOR DECREASES

AZ the suffrage fight broke forth,
and women began to renew the old
demand for equal rights. some women
started out TO convince the world that
they could do anything their broth
ers could The last census report on
occupations indicates that some OF
the more strenuous jobs proved too
much for the ambitious women
In 1910 there were two women ap-
prentices TO blacksmiths. and In 1920
the number had not increased In
1910 there were thirty lone full Pledged
backsmiths. but by 1920 the number
had fallen TO four. The number OF
women brick and stone masons in
1910 was fifteen. but In 1920 only
even were listed The number of
glassbowers decreased to eighty mine
from ninety during the ten years.
r male jewelers., watchmakers. gold
smiths and silversmiths decreased
from 1857 to 1873 Goldsmiths and
.iiversmiths alone dropped from 20i
10 fifty-seven.
Here are some of the new occupa-
lions women have entered since 1910
Foresters. forest rangers and timber
ruisers. two managers of lumber
amps eight; hay balers. four; forge
men. one; loom fixers, three; tin
smith. one; captains OF ships. two
foreman of transfer companies. two:
laborers on road repair work. two:
boiler washers and engine hostlers,
,hirty-four; conductors (street rail-
way) 253; motormen (street railway
twenty; street railroad switchmen and
hagmen, four: steam railroad yard
men. three; mechanical engineers,
eleven; veterinary surgeon. one. and
hotel butler. one.
During the war many young women
entered the service of telegraph COM
panies. made good and are holding
o their Jobs. In 1910 there were S.219
female telegraph operators, and in
1920 they had increased to 1880. The
lumber Of telephone operators in 1910
was ss,262 and In 1920 1t had gone to
l7S,379.
Twelve women held Jobs as tele-
phone and telegraph linemen in 1920,
that being an increase of six over
1910. The number of telegraph mes
senger girls increased from seventy
eight to 434 between 1910 and 1920.
In recent years women have mani
tested a sharp desire to keep up with
men In business matters They are
quick to adventure on a deal that
promises profits The oil "craze" in
terested thousands of them The num-
Der of women bankers. brokers and
money lenders more than doubled be-
tween the 1910 and 1920 census emu
merations. The figures were 1884
and 5,304.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-11-19

w OMEN are gradually elbow1ng
M their way into many good
jobs heretofore held exclu-
sively by men. The world war gave
them an opportunity to show their
husbands and brothers what they
could do. ana they seized 1t. The de-
mand for workers at home while the
men were away In the military SER
vice forced employers to utilize women
wherever they could. A call for help
was sounded and thousands Of women
responded. Since then the women have
been holding their own.
These facts are brought out In Gen.
sus Bureau reports revealing an In
teresting trend in the occupations Of
men. women and children In the ma
ton. The facts collected by this Gov
eminent agency are extremely inter-
esting, especially as they touch the
employment of women and children.
In comparing the figures Of 1910 with
those Of 1920 the enumerators and
compilers show the changes. A few
women recently ventured in some Of
the more strenuous fields of men. and
did not make much Roadway. while
others entered other occupations and
have kept going until they now have a
good footing in positions from which
they were formerly barred.
These Census Bureau reports pre-
sent many interesting features In the
movement Of working men and women
from the rural to the town and city
districts.
A striking fact revealed is that the
employment of children between the
ages of 10 and Is Is decreasing in
every section of the country.
Within the last ten years tho drift
of farmers and farm laborers to the
towns and cities has been marked;
this is brought out in every phase Of
rural life.
The population of the United States
ten years of age and over was S2.739.-
315 in 1920. and 71,5S0,270 In 1910.
Persons 10 years of age and older
engaged in gainful occupations in 1920
totaled 41,614,24S. or 1874 per cent of
the total population. or sos OF the
population 10 years Of age and over.
In 1910 persons 10 years of age and
over engaged In gainful occupations
were 3s,167,336. or Ais per cent. Of the
total population, or 53.3 per cent. of
the population 10 years Of age and
over.