davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
90, 900, 900 Involved
In New Brooklyn Flats

The Joint Owucrship Construction
ompauy, Inc, Frederic Culver, presi-
.cnt. has entered into contract cover
ug the purchase from the Lefcrts es-
att OF thrcc block fronts on Flatbueh
ivenvc. N thc flztbush section OF
i1o0kiyn These block fronts extend
rom I,jntoln Road 10 Rutland Road,
nd have teon in the possession % the
cfcr,s family Tor generations. They
70 part Of q large tract granted %
.cfcrts Petersen Van MagcWout. who
ame % thls country IN 1850 and ses-
led in Fiatbush. lie received a deed
n parchment q year later signed b.
'eter St0vycssnt. then Governor Of the
'oiouy. On these block fronts will be
frected by the join. Ownership Con-
.ruciion Company, Inc. three six
tory 100 per cent Jcint OWntrship
luil6ings from plans by Walker 4 Gil
cite, architccts. The buildings viii be
Z three, four, Ave ard elk rooms, With
vr, two and three baths. The Flat
Insh Avenue front Uill contain stores,
Ac entrances 70 TIE buildings beinc on
be side streets. The entire operation,
nclEding tho cost OF the land. viii ex-
eed S3,OO0, 900.
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
10000 Appreciate
Realty B cards
Diary and Manual
Practically entire 1923 Edi-
lion Has Been Taken;
May BE Termed Book OF
Real Estate knowledge

Most persons know Of tho existence
q .he housing Jaws, or a. thcy are
more commonly called, thc "rcut laws"
Tbev arc nol. however. familiar with
,h.ir provi IONS in detail. This applies
noe only 60 landlords and tenants, who
ga sheso day need 60 know something
about the rent Jaws. but likewise 20 at
torrcvs who fnd 60 difficult 20 follow
the mnzo or decisions rcndoteG in
local and higher courts. Both the laws
,n thcir entirety and The decisions 60
d-tc are found iu the 1928 edition of
"Thc Diary and Manual" published By
tie Real Estate Board OF New fork.
D. &. tle tv,ntv-sovclth edition, the
fr.i arrcarirg in 1896. I'm the interval
9TH, Diary ard Manual has grown
from % thiriy-pagc booklet issued m
rioderat. quantity, o. book ~ -sU
nagcs and an issue 81 10000 copies.
Tfetc pages are icplctc with irforne-
tion 81 interest TO property owners.
Tenant. lawyers. architects, brokers,
agents and. Indeed. all those who di.
fc-tly or Indirectly deal with zeal
estate. This is cNclusivc OF t'c DIARY
pareF. which c0ntain daily reminder
H. tte taxpayer az Federal, state aac
local obligations.
Of the edition o. 10000. less than
thrcn thousand remain 90 be- disposed
of. although tho book arrived from tho
printer only tho lac week In Novcm.
ber. Ihc information has been arranged
.n appropriate Cial,lcat.1ns AID mi-
untely .ndcxcd.
The diary committee oi tho Real
Estate Board includes the following;
Hermann de Seiding. chairman. Vent
moro C.. G6odc, George 5. Horton, VIII
liam ID. Fitzpatrick. Lewis III. May, r. G..
H. Noglor and Adam Wiencr. The cdi-
20 is Richard %. Chit,ick executive
reelc.ary of Tho board. The business
management was in charge of W. j.,
Brcdc, manager OF tho publications
bureau.
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10

ful. with The sustained cost OF living
whether labor will accept wage rcdue-
ti0ns in thc near future.
There is no doubt that business con-
ditions In general have been decidedly
improving; an Indications point TO a
definite. although conservative and
low. general amelioration. The re-.
suit is inevitable that construction VIII
have 20 bid against other induatfiea
for money, for labor and for msterial. !.
The demands Of buIncss may result
in fluctuations In The money market
and ncrhnps In lower rates at some
time, but no materials and maintained
reduction may be expected.
state IN Money Market
Public works arc another factor
which must be considered in the con
stfret,on situation. In spite OF Official
interest .n Washington in removing
lhe tax exemption advantages from
murlcipal and state bonds, it i' not
likely that Chic movement viii be chcc-
N.c for some years % conc. IN the
meantime, enjoying money ~
lower rate than private enterprise
local governments VIII undcrtaAe more
and more construction projects. taus
bidding against housing construction
Tor labor and materials.
Materially lower rents cfn come
oniv from two causes; great depres-
rion nnd consequent rapid dcdaton, OF
from oycr-bui.diug and cut-throut
competition. Nolthur ono Of these CON
diuons arc indicated. and rents. viii
ro down, II 40 nll, only very slowly
and I'm un orderly way as conditions
arproach so-ca.led "normalcy' over
long period of years.
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10

hotels. factories and warehouses go
under the nuctionccr'J hammer in
mortgage foreclosure proceeding fhe
average mans home wcnthors the
storm and rarely undcrgoes forced
sale. The building and loan associa-
tions, sometimes loaning OK high a.
eighty per cent Of the land and build
Ing value OF n residential property
and rhrely arc they compelled 90
foreclosure.
In other fields not 90 sound as that
Of BODYBUILDING We hnd well developed
fnnncinr methods. Automobiles, fur
niture, pianos and many other articles
Of luYu or necessity may be pur-
chased with a hrat payment OF twenty
Der cent or less IN cash and the bal
snee IN the form Of an amortization
mortgage.
Why not moro acientiGc develop,
nent IN the home hnane.ng held :
Why not bring closer cooperation be-
tween investors and homchuilderl 20
their mutual hencftf
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
Building Costs
Have Held Back
Jerseys Advance
Compelled TO Ignore Acces.
sions TO Commercial and
Residential Wealth Be
cause Of Construction
By Dr.. Charles 7. Kraemer

By DR.. Charles +. kraemer
President Of Po1l Estate Boord oJ
Ncworb
The high cost Of building material
and labor wage scales have lad a de-
tcrrent effect upon building operations
In New jersey 20 an extent that the
demand flr exceeds the supply for al
classes OF Luilding.
Notwithstanding these disturbing
conditions. the era OF gradual equal
ization OF these unsettled and unrca.
souable conditions is approaching ara
there Is to-day an optimism prcyailing
that Is reflected b. tho monthly M
crease OF building operations as re-.
ported IN all our municipalities, ana
particularly IN the city Of Newark
where q yorit8blc building boom 10 un-
Outsiders Buy in Newark
Il will take a long time before these
building operntionG will catch up Win
thc existing and growing demand ior
az no time IN our history was the IN
Aux OF buyers from our ncighooring
metropolis so large.
Industrial building haa steadily l.,
creased. Newark growth, from All
angles, will be an unDrceedent ono
during the coming year 1923.
There is general realization that
cost prices OF building viii not be low
er for the next five years. which is en-
couraginc the building operators 90
undertake with moro confidence the
comprehensive program necessary 70
meet the requirements. That the de.
mand FOR AT classes Of improved real
estate will take on still greater IN
potus during the coming year 30 only
too evident
Promise OF Great Future
With the completion Of the develop.
merit ~ Newark and the building Of
docks which will berth great ocean
liners at G point which connects d.
rectly with the five great transconH-
mental trunk line railroads of the
eouatry and with the continued expan-
rioh Of our manufactures AID indus
trial plants, which already enjoy an in-
ternationni reputation Tor its divarsi-
fed number of finished products, % alg
nothing OF that share of prosperity
that tie worlds metropolis BE- blessed
with ard 0f which a great percentage
. of overflow Is carried % our midst,
therc cannot be any doubt ns 20 the
prosperity ths. tho City Of Newark will
enjoy and the share of success that
will rebound 10 Us realtors during the
coming year Of 1923.
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
Brisbane Leases 57ih NJ. Realty
Adjoining Other Holdings

Pcaso & Gilman leased for Mre Jo-
hanna Rippefgcr the fclr.story build
ing, 20xl00, at liz Easi Fifty-sefentn
Street 20 Arthur Brisbane, to whom
tho same brokers recently sold iot
Gates w. McCaTrah, president Of the
Mechanic and Metals National Bank,
the adjoining premises at los and ilV
East Fifty-seventh Street. The present
lease contains the option Of purchase,
80 that Mr.. Brisbane now controls
piot 60xl00 between Park and LCxing-
tor avenues Mr.. Brisbane controls
the northeast corner Of flfty-scYenth
Strest and Park Avenue. si1so.
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
PatchozGe 90 Spend More
Than $500, 900 for School

Contrpety we're awarded by tht board
OF Educstion Of Patehogue, I l., 10
erect = neS high school buildiu-, &C.
eording 20 BYcVa'e LetteEs, Inc. eor-
stSretiou reports. Plsns end vpseihca-
tione, prepared By Tooksr 4 AErsh. call
for q 5ulldinC o. freproof construction.
two ard ties stories high, on plot
siixi05. 1Ss eontrset for general con-
ssruetlon vas awarded 20 Burke Brosh-
err construetien Company, on bid cf
Sss5.92o. The heating contract vas
awarded 70 W. J. Olyapy, with bid Of
0to.7az; the plumbing 20 l. 2. Bantcn,
tls,7l7, and the electric work % Braek-
ctt 4 Cals, 07,zts.
New-York tribune., 1922-12-10
Dr.. Rufus johnson TO Spend
100000 i'm Briarcliif House

The general cohtfact has been swsrd-
a for constructing . rev residence At
iTiarrlif. y. A., for Or. Rufus J. John-
Ion, according % Brexn's IL teri.
inc.. c0nstr0ctio1 reports. The ag7rox-
mate amount of the contract & placed
& $4,000. Plans ard speeiGeatieas
'ere prcparsd by Oscar yatot and the
ontrscf for the general construction
iss been awarded 70 Dillon 4 Wiley
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

BIDS-Wfl be received at the
Office Of the Board OF Harbor Commis-
sioners. Room 35l. Municipal Building,
Wilmington, Delaware. at or before II a.
m. Friday. June 10. 1922. FOR the rental
. OF all that lot Of land lying aud being in
the city of Wilmington and State OF Della
ware, between Front street and the
Christiana river, Spruce street and
Christiana Municipal Wharf No. | and
having frontage OF $50 feet on Front
street, the present leases OF which expire
June &c, 1922.
Said land or wharf properties will be
leased for period OF one, three or Ave
years, beginning June "a. 1922. Bids
may be submitted for any one OF these
periods, the TENT co be paid annually in
advance. The board reserves the right TO
reject any or all bids. to accept the bid
which In its opinion seems best and to
cancel any lease upon three months
notice II the property in the opinion OF
the Board of Harbor Commissioners 10
deemed necessary for public purposes.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
AUCTlONS--lECALS.
Auction Sales

AUCTION SALES-Of every dsscrip
ton. Anywhere. II you vant 20 sci
SEQ Hamilton. tho Square Deal Auo.
tioneer and Farm Agent 705 Madison
street. Phone 7348 w.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

JACKSON STREET, l425-Eight rooms.
bath, porches, yards: Apply 6l3 Dela-
ware avenue.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

WEST STREET, 507--Three and four
room apartments. unfurnished: posses
sion at once.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
want aheriR's xals Sct ASIDE.

noon. n ruling was iaaued to show
cause FOR the petition OF Victor Kcx-
cw~ki. to set aside the sale of his
prorerty. loos-s Sycamore street by
sheriff Joseph X. Gould. The ruling
n rcturnabls May ~. at 10 q. m. Tho
property was sold to Joseph +. Emory
for Ss.lsS. Tho petitioner claims the
sale was made without his having ro-
ceiv~d duo legal notice. Kozlowski Is
represented by Robert Adair.
II isn't Lost. A classified ad will
AtS fnr
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

RODNEY STREET. .6oe-Three or four
room apartment; good location; rent
rea sOnable-
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
Legal Notices

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN
THAT TO ALL STATE LICENSES
AND TAXES. DUE JUNE /, 1922.
AND NOT PAID ON OR BEFORE
THE BOTH DAY OF JUNE, 1922.
A PENALTY OF FIVE PER CEN
TUM WILL BE ADDED: ALL IL
CENSES NOT PAID IN JULY AN
ADDITIONAL PENALTY OF TEN
PERCENT UNI WILL BE ADDED.
AND ON ALL LICENSES NOT
PAID DURING THE MONTH OF
AUG UST A FURTHER PENALTY
OF TEN PER CENTUM WILL BE
ADDED. MAKING A TOTAL OF
TWENTY-FIVE PER CENTUM
ON ALL LICENSES PAID AFTER
THE MONTH OF AUGUST, IN
ACCORDANCE WITH DE
SECTION 1876 OF THE REVISED
CODE 1915. LAWS OF DELAWARE.
JOHN L. WRIGHT,
Clerk OF the Peace. New Castle Coun-
ty.
Whining ton. Del, April 20, 1922.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

D. ROOMS-Three unfurnished on second
floor; all conyeniences; reasonable rent.
- All East Seventh street
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
ned Reading Every Evening Until You've Read These Ads

When you've decided that your o., takes up too
much Of your tfme-snd too much Of your monsy-And
and start out TO look for buyer
And after month Of scouting for likely prospects,
who viii give you fair price for your car you come 10
the conclusion that by comparison with your undertake
ing old Ponce dc Leon who started out locate tho
Fountain Of Youth had almost sure thing
Because the used car market seems full Of cars and
practically free Of buyen-st least that's tho way Il
appears 70 you-And you begin to wonder II you'll ever
get rid OF your 1920 model
Until the thought occurs 10 you that Il mishtn't
b bad idea to make thorough Of the local
prospects with an ad in Every Evenings Automobile
columns
And within few days your sales message stirs up
three four interesting people who TO look over
your and thcn Of them gets right down to bust
and you talk things over and he pulls out his check
book and -
That's What You Call Serviosl
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

SMALL NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. for print
battery man. 1106 Chippey street.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
USED CARS

DID you ever stop 10 consider that every
car you sec on the streets OF Whining ton
IL used carr 'ris true, never theless.
Some have been used only moderately.
the limit OF endurance. All the used cars
We offer are carefully selected from the
best availablc--we do not pick at random.
room floor has had moderate usage only.
We have at this time good selection of
the following makes.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

MACHINE SHOP-Rent reasonable. Ap-
ply Wilmington Provision Co., foot of
Orange street
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

HoUSE-Ten rooms and bath, steam
heat. gas and electric shades, screens.
and awnings. rent 500. Possession
May 2S: kpply e9S n. BreeMe 81:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
Electrical Work and, Supplies IsA

WOOD WILSON-Wires your house with
out breaking your floors. plaster or
yochetoook. Phone 1901 ": $500 Van
baren strees:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

UNPUBLISHED APARTAiENT--Fo
light housekeeping; Apply 401 West
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05

HeIp-Male or Female "a
MEN-Senior High School stu
dents and preparatory school students
We can place you men and women in a
profitable occupation; requirements clean
character and q desire to succeed; men
or women apply to Mr.. Confer, $40
West Eighth street z TO 9 p. m.
MEN AND WOMEN-Fortune fayors
the person with ambition; two hundred
persons have already seized this ex-
celleDt opportunity. II a sincere oppor-
tunity was presented to you to succeed
In growing concern with an executive
position as your ultimate goal, could
you be capable Of real sincere effortf
Good moral character required: aged 2l
or over Apply $40 West Eighth street /.
] To and TO p. M. This is not a
canyassing proposllon:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
MERCHANDISE.
Articles For Sale

STOCK AND FlxTURES-Of grocery
etor~. west side. doing good business.
Address Y 2. Evcry Evening Once.
up; suit cases. travel
Ing bags. VI 90 up. Lewis, Second and
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-05-05
Houses For Rent

BRoOAiE STREET. NORTH lls-
Seven rooms, bath. pantry. hot water
heat. stationary wash tubs in cellar. In
1888
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-04-27
PDSTOFF|CE AND
STORE ENTERED
Su1RI.AHS GET S12S IN CASH AND
= 10o IN STAAPS AT ALLA-
...- donna, ONO.
Ha<uont County Authorities Arc Asf-
~. Slsd-Mo Clues 70 Identify
of Robher. Pound

ID ,T3almont county authorities AZ an
eariy, hour this morning wore without
n clue TO the identity o: robbers "n"
h,rr,arized the Mondcr Brothers Gen-
eraI store and the postofticn az Allcdo-
MA Ohio, some time Tuesday night.
Denuty Sheriff Don &. Hardesty. 70
tprned to his home in -. CiairSHttio Late
last night after spending the day III
Sestigating the burglary.
Hr. Hardesty said that the th:e"rs Sc
eurcd 3l25 in cash and checks, 500 m
stanops and eleven pairs OF shoes.
amounting approximately TO $40.
Entrance was gained through win
dow In the rear OF the building occu-
pied by the store and postofficc' &c
cordiug TO Mr.. HardrSty. After enter
Ing tho building. the thieves arc be-
lieved TO have broken into the cash
register, which was locked. and finding
nothing, turned 10 the small safe. which
had been left open. II was from this
that the stamps and cash were taken.
Tho shoes are believed 10 have been
stolen as the robbers lett.
Mr. Hardesty last evening expressed
himself tina, he believed the robbery
was the work OF amateurs. as they had
SonA about the work In most crude
manner. ana dPPa''''~'- VIC az ~ "t''!
Efforts TO get the bloCdhouads from
the state penitentiary at AOundSrIile
had. proved futile. as 1t was late when
the officers arrived on the scene, and
they had but LITTLE time 70 wait for the
doss to DO brought from MoundSv!llr.
The store which was burSiarizcd Is
operated by Otto and David Mowdcr.
David Mowder found the place had been
entered when ne opened the store ycs-
,eraay morning and al once notified tn"
town authorities. who in turn notified
the. county officials.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-04-27
REACH AGREEMENT
ON THE "ACC|E" BILL

Washington. April - Acreemf Mt
was reached late today between the
senate and house conference COM
mittees on tho agricultural approprl.
ntion bill. The house delegation &C.
Cep;ed tho four imDnrtan; amend
ments Of the senate but with tho APP
preparations carried by them reduced.
Most Of the lesser changes made by
the senate likewise were compromised
each committee rcccting in some in
stances.
The important amendments made
by the senate included increases in
appropriations for state relations
service of the agricultural depart
ment for combating the white pine
blister rust. and to enable the purchase
Of more land in the watershed Of the
Appalachian mountains at the head
OF navigable streams.
The fourth big increase by III"
senate was an increase from $4,000
TO $500. 900 for fighting the barber-y
bush as breeder Of wheat rust.
The committee agreed finally on
$3.50. 900 for the purpose.
Tffe amendment which increased
The fund for cooperative extension
work among the states from the house
allotment OF s1.GNO. 900 TO Sl.500.000
was compromised at Sl.%00.0N0. The
Overman amendment adding 100000
to SIS. n0O fixed by tho house for the
purchase Of land at the head Of nav
icablc streams. was cut so that as the
bill was reported TO the senate the
provision carries 100000
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-04-27
ZIG FUNERAL FOR
TRAGEDY VICTIMS
HELD At H0PEWELL
Throna Of Sorrowino Friends Attends
Service for Mr.. and Mrs. John AcIt
-Caskets Banked in Floral
Tributes.

The Horewell Methodist church in
jefferson county, Ohio. was packed
10 the doors when Pablo funeral Serr'
ices were held ar O'Clock "Wednesday
afternoon Tor John Helt and his wife.
Mrs. Ethel Helt. victims OF SUNDAY
mornings double tragedy at Rush
Run. The service was conducted by
the minister Of tho Presbyterian
church at Brilliant. Ohio. and was
very impressive.
Both Mr.. fJeit and Mrs. Holt wore
we'll known in the Rush Run section
of jefferson county. and both were
we'll liked. Scores Of beautiful floral
tri buteS heaped about their casketS
bore silent messages OF the setccm
in which they were hold. The pastor.
preaching the funeral sermon. OK
pressed the belief Of an aweStrlckcn
community that had Mr. Hoit not
been stricken with mental affllction
which is believed TO have caused him
TO take his wife's life, then mortally
wound himself.
Following tho public service. the
bodies Of Mr.. and Mrs. Heit were lad
to rest side BY side in Hopcwcll come
tory
Surviving Mr.. Hclt are the follow.
inc children: Mrs. Arch Bashar OF
Wheeling. Mrs. Eva CusiCk Of Smith
field, O.. Mrs. Hiram Roe OF Rush
Run. Mrs. William Lambcrson Oh
Martins Ferry. Frank Helt, Arthur
Helt ard Ed Helt ali OF Rush Run.
and two small sons. Harry and Robert.
a home. Surviving Mrs. Heit are the
following children by another mar
riage: Raymond Stats Of Martins
Ferry. Mrs. Aruhtr Helt Of Rush Run.
married daughter A. Fast Liverpool
and the young daughter. zelda Stats,
at home. who was wounded when her
mother was killed.
Relatives Of the Helts and phvsl'
clans attribute the tragedy 10 Mr..
Heit's mental condition, which they
believe was brought on as a result OF
his being struck by train about a
year ago.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-04-27
WEST LIBERTY
NORMAL SCHOOL

The regular Rryarc Literary Society
meeting was postponed un'' Mr." 10
A very interesting rr"crhm wa" ar
ranged for th!s date The program Wis
as follows: "
Round .........................Ry All
Debate ................rt.
Catherine RIackhu-1. Flair Clark :
Marcarct Kuhn. Thomas S'i'eS
Vocal Duet ...............'
......Vinict Weekly. Catherine Young
Schoo, Notes. ........... F'hCi inN'h
Life o. nrd,e Margaret Gayn"r
r;,ro So'o rat I.uccnc
Cu-rcn; Eycr.y Marcnr"' f"'"
Reading .....,........... ' '"'' Nue.
BRYANT Song ................ Ky All
Nj Mr,;inuiS. IN his CharcI Talk IaN
week. said that ~ is question ehe'n,
rr WcSt Liberty State Norma VIII NM
another man who Will take IN" place
rs its champion. .cft vacant ny the
death or tho late Captain Quo. IhcF"
nrohahIy arc other mon ~ tn" Fanhar-
die, but It is questionable" whether or
not they will tahc sucn hrcn Interest
in the school.
The chapel program last week was
different from ANYTHING We hav" nal
this year. Miss Rose had us all nF,
standing a attention. and throwing or
arms around for Will" 10 prevent 10
Getting an un- Normal chill.
, Several songs were sung by III" stu
dent body. under the direction Of Miss
WitherSon.
ON the whole. tho DTo-ra m waS mn'h
enjoyed and We az think President Me
Ginrle makes a vcTE good leader.
Miss I;azcllr Crow. an old student ~
West Liberty Norma. las enrolled f"r
tho spr.ng term after teaching Tor on
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-04-27
ASK DICTIONARIES
TO HONOR MOTHERS

Rernard f. Kaiser. adiutant OF n"
state department OF the American Leg
ion, has received 4 communication
from Hantorl MacNider. national
commander o. the American Legion,
urging that Mothers Day be fittinsIy
observed by the American Legion OF
Mothers Day. Sunday. Nav Il, this
year will be observed by tho Am"ri'
can Legion Auxiliary. This IS the
first big national endeayor Of tho aux
Hilary, and it is assured that the Leg.
ionaries will give this moyene nj
their heartiest cooperation.