davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-11-20
Hzzz LOGICAL MARKET iG= H@ EEsE zZTRs1F57fFSaaE1p POP ALABAMA d36N==@A7Hs.ZZ2 36N=Ha7H.Z2
SAVING OF $l,l25,OOO ON
 75,OOO TONS OF PIPE TO
 PACIFIC COAST VIA MOBILE
By RICHARD F. JOHNSTON

In Birmingham district moved the Pacific through Mobile of and soil pipe.
 charge Birmingham makers and through the Mobile available least That is worth while.
 greater would have moved at all had 1t not been for the lower rates via port of Mobile and the Panama canal The simple The ransconnntal rail $3 50 Many Pacific could forded addition factory yards The would would have been done
 But this the Mobile sehted freight conjunction with haul from Birmingham Mo- bile which onehaf the
 Even freight the rail Pa cfc Birmingham $22 There Mobile What applies has applied of the mills rails Ensley Alaska steel which have found this of getting the American of the All the Pacific reached by the Mobile Seattle Portland Angeles under the reduced of transportation.
 What applies products the Pacific apples although Mobile The rals the uphate the mill and the slag that the district the handled by Warrior with these there has of the aa to Mobile The of thousands
 The enormous saving in the freight rate which enabled the tonnage the Pacific coast attracted attention of and ships bid for the business The saings Mobile Pacific
 Thus did Bmnghams situation with situation develop limit freights manufacturers who discover and then those who prosper.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-11-20
FLUCTU TUAT|ONS IN MARkE ARE WIDE BuIlish Private Bureau Reports on Ginning Important Fac-
 tor in Cotton Prices
By Associated Press

New Orleans, November 1s.-In the cotton market last week fluctuations again were wide. From advances Of 45 to 70 points over the level Of the preceding weeks close there was drCp to levels 65 to 12S points under. Fluctuations were within limits of 1ss to 17s points, December in the early part of the week trading up to 26.lo, while in the latter sessions it worked as low as 24. SIC pound. Spots were not as we'll sustained as futures and lost 112f points on middling, which closed at 25. 25c, as agalnst 24.sSc as the closing price of December. At the end of last week a year ago mid ding closed at 16. soc a pound.
 Bullish private bureau reports on ginning helped to carry the market to its highest levels. An estimate oi only S.S76,000 bales ginned to Novem- Der If, caused much buying as the total was well under general expec- tat:ons and indicated, only 376,0o0 bales produced the last period. It re- vived very small crop guesses and strengthened the belief among con- siderable element that the total crop would not be much if any, in excess OI S,0uU,UUU DHleS. TOT WHllo lHtSo figures and the small crop estimates that followed fairly well dominated the trading, but early in the week they were lost sight of.
 The slowing down in spot trading over the belt was bear argument of some weight, and at times 1t caused much selling, although the argument from the long side was that smaller sales were more the result of the withdrawal of sellers from the mar ket than they were the result of falling off in the demand. Late in the week spot news was not quite as bullish in character. and there was a resumption of hedge selling which at ssme stages had an adverse effect on prices.
 This week the fifth report of the season on ginning by the census bu- reau on Tuesday is likely to dominate 3 good part of the trading.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-11-20
SOUTH'S BUSINESS MEN WILL DISCUSS WORLD PROBLEMS
Noted Statesmen to Appear Before Sessions of SOuth- ern Commercial Con-
 gress in Chicago
By Associated Press

Chicago, November 19.-Addresses by Senator John K. Shields of Ten nessee On "Our Changing Constitu- tion," and by Maj. Gen. J. F. ORyan on "The Maintenance of World Peace," will mark the opening session of the Southern Commercial congress here tomorrow.
 Dr. Clarence J. Owens, president os the congress. will review it's activi- ties and achievements during the last year.
 The Southern Commercial congress was originally founded at Augusta, Ga, in 1887. but was disrupted at the outbreak of the Civil war, and did not resume it's activities until 15 years ago.
 Ambassadors, ministers and consuls of many foreign governments are on the program of this years three day convention. Thursday. 125 of the del- egates. representing business inter ests in many parts of the country, will leave for Mexico City on conner cial mission. They will return to Chi cago December 5.
 , Speakers at the afternoon session tomorrow include Jacob M Dickinson. former Secretary of War, and Julius Rosenwald, both of Chicago; Gov. Len Small of Illinois. Senator Shields. GKeneral O'Ryan and MT. Owens.
 COnsuls to Meet
 Tomorrow night a conference of consular representatives of foreign countries will be held. Speakers in : clude Horace Nugent British consul Putney, honorary consul of Persia consul to Chicago: B. Signer. consul general of Nicaragua; Dr. Albert H.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-11-20

Putney, honorary consul of Persoa; R. Rauman, Danish consul; Sygmunt Nowicki, English consul; Ralph Met calf of tho international trade com mission, and Dr. Harry Pratt Judson, president of the University Cf Chi cago.
 Tuesday. pr. Otto wiedfeldt, Ger man ambassador to the United States. will discuss trade relations between the two countries. Senor Don Fred erico Alfonso Pezet, Peruvian ambas- sador. Is to speak on Barriers to Di- rect Trade Relations Between the Americas" Other speakers include Don Rafael H. Elizalde, minister of Ecuador; Dr. Bedrich Stepenk. Czecho- -Slovakian minister; Senor Adolfo Ballivian, Bolivian minister; stephen Panaretoff, Bulgarian minis ter; Axel Leonard Astrom, minister from Finland. and Soteriors Nichol- son, former consul of the Greek lega- tion.
 DiaI Will Speak
 At the afternoon session Tuesday. Senator N. B. Dial of South Carolina will speak on the Injustice of the Present Future Cotton Contract Law" Congressman A. J. Sabath of Chicago will discuss "Immigration and the Position of the Foreign Bern Citizen in This Country" and Cheya- Her Guglielmo Silenzi, Italian consul. will speak on Immigration From South Europe to the Southern States, Other speakers at the afternoon ses- sion include Col. F. L. Williamson of North Carolina. Joseph T. Brownlee CT Tennessee, Louis s. Gotliep of Washington, D. C., Senator John w. Harreld of Oklahoma and Maj. Gen. George c. Hickards, U. S. A.
 The Tuesday night session will bs devoted to an agricultural conference With addresses on farm credit, financ ing and crop distribution problems of the south. The speakers include Carl Vrooman, former assistant secretary of agriculture; c. P. Norgood of Wis. consin president of the National As- sociation of Departments of Agricul- ture; Herbert Quick, former membe r Of the federal farm loan board; ]. e. Mohler, secretary of the Kansas de- partment of agricultuhe. and Boris Aronow. who will discuss the effect Of foreign exchange on the expor tation of American crops.
 IntersectionaI Relations
 Wednesday morning. John c. Ruge director Of the Mississippi Valley as- sociation, will speak on Linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Mississippi River" and Edward Giannini, on Italian American Commercial Rela- tions." Following addresses by Thomas F. Rigg, president ef the American Poultry association; John Lind of the Prepared Roofing assocla tion; w. B. Hooper of Sullivan. Ills. and W. T. McCowan of Fayetteville
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-11-20
Senator Cun,mins For Amendments 10
 Esch-Cummins Act
WASHINGTON BUREAU
 THE AGE-HERALD Washin0tOn. ID. C., Nov, 1O


 Senator Cummins of Iowa after a conference with the President today. declared that he would im- mediately press for passage amend ments to the Esch- Cuumins railroAd act, which he will introduce.
 Senator Cummins admitted that to certain extent the railroad act was repudiated by the people in the elec- tions November ', and the doubt that the Congress, even as it is constituted at present, would . agree to a strengthening" of the measure. He affirmed, however, that the act was necessary and the amendments would be found to be necessary.
 He has three principal amendments. The first would declare that work men must be paid living" wages. The. second would restore anti-strike leg islation, making it illegal for any one to strike against common carriers engaged in interstate commerce. Tho third would make the decisions of the labor board binding just as the de- cisions of the supreme court are bind- ing.
 Would Prevent Strike
 Anti-strike Legislation. was defeated in 1920. Senator Cummins declares that his amendment would not deny the right tf any man working for a railroad to quit whenever he might desire but would prevent a con- spiracy on the part of workmen to strike against railroads, tieup inter- state commerce and tend greatly to embarass the people of the country.
 The indications are that the Cum mins amendments will not prevail this session. of Congress. In the next the radicals" as they are called in contradistinction to the so-called "re- actionaries." will attempt the enact ment of an entirely new railroad act. Their attempt will have the suppors Of organized labor.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
BLUFF

A desire to win through "blufing" when
it seems difficult or impossible to win in
any other way is responsible for much
trouble in the world. Occasionally the
bluff does win; weak case triumphs over
a strong one because of the cowardice of
the stronger, or a just case establishes it
self owing to the prudent withdrawal un
der threat of the person who has been OBJ
stnately wrong. The balance of positive
achievement to the credit of successful bluff
is probably about even between good and
evil. But nearly always the bluff fails,
and then the buffer faces the necessity of
getting out of an awkward situation.
Though he has not intended to execute the
threat that his bluff conveyed, he finds his
hand forced; either he must accept the
The mirror., 1922-02-09

custom to place the names of young women
in a box, from which they were drawn by
men, the resultant partnership being recog
nized during the period of feast. The
Christian clergy, continues Douce, at
tempted to overcome the pagan influence
by substituting the names of saints for
those of women-but evidently human in
huence was stronger than spiritual, for
the custom gradually reverted to some
thing like the pagan ritual. Evidently the
Roman idea persisted at least until the
Sixteenth century, for St. Francois de Sales
severely forbade the custom of valentines,
or giving Boys in writing the names OF
Girls to be admired and attended on by
them, and to abolish it he changed it, into
giving billets with the names of certain
Saints" Now, though the custom of draw
ing partners by lot is no longer followed,
the Christian name for the festival is pre-
served, instead of its original pagan ap
pellation.-Ex.
The mirror., 1922-02-09

ignominy of backing down or he must take
the step that he threatened and that he
knows cannot but be disastrous. Pride is
often stronger in men than common sense
or even self-interest. The buffer who is
cornered is likely to feel that he must
carry out his threat for the sake of prin
ciple; he must show people that he means
what he says, when as matter of fact he
knows that he did not really mean what
he said, but only hoped that others. would
think that he meant it.
Most of the strikes that take place are
the consequences of bluff. Most of the
wars that have been fought might have
been averted if some one had not rashly
chosen to bluff-and then more rashly
chosen to maintain the bluff after it was
called. Most of the difficulties that men
and women get into are owing to bluff
are the result of their committing them
selves to false position from which they
have not the courage or the honesty to
withdraw with the immediate sacrifice of
dignity involved
The victories of bluff are few and
cheap; its defeats are numerous and cost
ly.-E1.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
WHY WE SEND VALENTINES

The custom of exchanging theoretically
anonymous love-messages on February
i4th, St. Valentines Day, is one of the
strangest anomolies in the history of Gus
TOMS for the most careful search through
the life of St. Valentine fails to produce
any support for the practice or to throw
any light whatever upon the reason for
selecting this particular day for emulat-
ing Cupid. Surely St. Valentine himself
could not be accused of writing love-songs,
because he was one of the early Bishops of
Rome who suffered martydom at the hands
of the enemies of Christianity.
Francois Douce, famous antiquary,
throws some light upon the mystery by
declaring that St. Valentines Day is the
Christianized form of the pagan Luper-
Gala, feasts held in Rome during the
month of February in honor of Pan and
Juno. During these festivals it was the
The mirror., 1922-02-09
WERE YOU BORN IN FEBRUARY

If YOU were, between the first and the
nineteenth or if your birthday comes in
January, later than the twentieth, your
sign is Aquarius, the water bearer. In
this sign are found the strongest and the
weakest people in the world. They are
noble, honest, good-hearted, and very SYM
pathetic have dignity but are seldom con-
ceited. They are practical, are clear rea-
soners and not disposed to deal in theories
They like to amass wealth. but go at it in
half-hearted way. Aquarius people
have strong likes and dislikes and are al
most always honest and sincere. They
are easily influenced by kindness, but hate
to be ordered; as rule are slow to anger,
are independent and have strong wills
These people are best adapted to positions
which require strength and frmness, COM
bined with love of the sublime, and
make good explorers, travellers, engineers,
physicians and surgeons. They are apt to
be nervous about investments, the manage
ment of business and the opinion and
speech of others. They are good readers
of character. Those of this sign have a
magical ability to control the insane and
make splendid nurses and guardians of
those so afflicted They are supersensitive,
eccentric, reckless, hypercritical and dis
satisfied, with tendency to be pessimistic
at times In them the habit of procrastina
ton is well developed and tends to chronic
promise breaking. Those of this sign who
are undeveloped are braggarts, are fond
of titles and use them every time they
have chance. There are some liars in
this sign though they are seldom malicious,
they care too much for personal appear
ance and are apt to waste time asking ad-
vice which they never follow.
The typical Aquarius person is tall,
strongly built but not feshy, with a long
face, high forehead, blue eyes and light
hair. Those born in Libra and Gemini
make the most congenial mates or friends.
If these people live rightly they can
overcome their tendencies to blues, rheu
matism pains in head and feet, brain
difficulties, low circulation and nervous
diseases
The astral colors of the Aquairus person
are blue, pink and Nile green; and their
flower the primrose.-Ex.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
NOTICE TO INMATES

Each inmate is accorded the privilege OF
sending one paper home, OF to friends free OF
charge To do this you should write your
own name and register number and the name
and address of the person you wish to send
the paper to, and hand same to your officer.
If you desire to send more than one paper,
each additional copy will be charged for at
the rate of so cents a year.
The paper delivered to your cell each week
must be kept clean and should be folded in
the same manner as you receive it, placing it
at the foot of your bed on the morning fol-
lowing the day which it is delivered to
your CELL
The mirror., 1922-02-09

AS we gaze upon the world today all
seems cold, dark, drear and dead; but
soon we shall see the embodiment of ma
ture, whereby beauty shall be born of
ugliness, light of darkness; this should
teach us to be slow to Judge of the u1ti-
mate character of any human being. To-
morrow-who knows ?-the most abject
one of us may become hero.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
LINCOLN AUTOGRAPH BIOGRAPHY

was born February H. 1909, in Har-
din County, Kentucky. My parents were
both born in Virginia, of undistinguished
families = second families, perhaps
should say. My mother, who died in my
tenth year, was of family of the name
of Hanks, some of whom now reside in
Adams, and others in Macon Counties,
Illinois. My paternal grandfather, Abra-
ham County, Virginia to Kentucky, about
1881 or 'S2, where, year or two later he
was killed by Indians, not in battle, but
The mirror., 1922-02-09

NOTICE-Inmates submitting contributions
to THE MIRROR for publication must sign their
name and register number. Articles should be
original; if not original, proper credit must be
given to the writer if known; if writer's name
is not known, it should be so specified by con-
tributor. Should contributor fail to comply
with this request he will be dropped from THE
MIRRORS contributing staff.
Approved by Warden. Editor
The mirror., 1922-02-09

by stealth, when he was laboring to open
a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who
were Ouakers, went to Virginia from Berks
County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden-
tify them with the New England family
of the same name, ended in nothing more
definite than a similarity of Christian
names in both families, such as Enoch,
Levi, Mordecai, Solomon, Abraham, and
the like.
My father at the death of his father,
was but six years of age; and he grew up
literally without education. He removed
from Kentucky to what is now Spencer
County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We
reached our new home about the time the
State came into the Union. 1t was wild
region, with many bears and other wild
animals still in the woods. There grew
up. There were some schools, so-called,
but no qualification was ever required of
teacher beyond "readin', 1vritin', and
cibherin'" to the Rule of Three. If a
straggler, supposed to understand Latin,
happened to sojourn in the neighborhood,
he was looked upon as wizard. There
was absolutely nothing to excite ambition
for education. Of course, when l came
of age, | did not know much. Still, some
how, l could read, write, and cipher to
the Rule of Three, but that was all. /
have not been to school since. The little
advance l now have upon this store of
education, l have picked up, from .time to
time, under the pressure Of necessity.
l was raised to farm-work, which con-
tinued till l was twenty-five. AT twenty
one l came to Illinois, and passed the
first year in Macon County. Then l got
to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon,
now in Menard County, where l remained
year as sort of clerk in a store. Then
came the Black Hawk War, and was
elected captain of volunteers-a success
which gave me more pleasure than l have
had since l went into the campaign, was
elected ran for the Legislature the same
year (1S32), and was beaten-the only
time | ever have been beaten by the peo-
pie. The next, and three succeeding bien-
NAL elections l was elected to the Legis-
lature. l was not candidate afterwards.
During this legislative period l had
studied law. and removed to Springfield
to practice it. In 1S41 | was once elected
to the Lower House of Congress-was not
candidate for reelection. From 1849 to
1854, both inclusive, practiced law more
assiduously than ever before. Always a
Wing in politics, and generally on the
Wing electoral tickets, making active can
vases. was losing interest in politics
when the repeal of the Missouri Com
promise aroused me again. What l have
done Since then is pretty well known.
If any personal description of me is
thought desirable, it may be said, l am,
in height, six feet four inches nearly; lean
in flesh, weighing on an average, one hun
dred and eighty pounds; dark-complexion,
with coarse black hair and gray eyes; no
other marks or brands recollected.
Yours very truly,
A. LINCOLN.
The mirror., 1922-02-09

The great freedom of America is its
freedom of opportunity, and your child,
as well as my fathers child, may become
the Nations chief executive and carry the
responsibilities of that station.-Abraham
Lincoln
The mirror., 1922-02-09

Bear in mind that great misfortune
properly endured is progress accom-
plished. Those who suffer much live
more truly than those who undergo no
trial.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
LETTERS TO BOARD OF CONTROL

All inmates desiring to write to the State
Board of Control will notify their officer. who
in turn is requested to send your notification
to the Deputy Warden's Office Friday noon in
order that special paper for that purpose may
be furnished you. Letters written on regula-
ton size paper will not be permitted to go.
J. j. SULLIVAN,
Warden.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
CHURCH NOTICE

Services in the Prison Chapel at nine o'clock
every Sunday morning, Protestant and Catho-
lie service every alternate Sunday. Rev. G. Z.
Benson and Rev. FIR. CorcOran, Chaplains.
The mirror., 1922-02-09
QUERIES
NOTICE TO INMATES

NOTICE TO INMATES
For the benefit Of any inmates who appre-
ciate and see the opportunity that their spare
hours give toward a means of self education
through correspondence school courses, study of
good literature, acquiring an education in our
Night Schools, or, who need helpful informa.
ious departments, will herewith be privileged
to the Query column. You are well
come to send in in any queries Of serious interest
laboration of Miss Miriam E. Cary, Super
visor of Institutional Libraries, will gladly
endeay0r to supply the requested information.
.NOTlCE-ln order to regulate the conduct
OF this column inmates must sign their name,
register number and lock number to all queries
submitted for publication. Inmates names, of
course. will not be published, only the initials
OF each querist being used.-Editor.
Q-Could you inform me whether some
of those writing verses for THE MIRROR
could compose verse or so for fady's
birthday to appear in the issue of Feb.
10th and oblige-A. W.
A:-Here is chance for our "Poets" to
get busy and show what they can do
O:-Is the deed for the land that the
clear deed or not? He knows that it
A:-Yes.
Q:-(D Will you please tell me if the
Minneapolis Journal, now or at any time
put out a morning paper? (2) Is Louis
w. Hill brother or son to the late James
]. Hill &C.
A:-W No. (2) Son.
Q:--To settle an argument will you
please publish in your query column what
the worlds record is in running broad
Jump; who made it, where and when p
O. E. b.
A:-24 feet, 11A inches. P. O'Connor
England, August 5, 1901.
Q:-G Would you please inform me
what work, if any, includes copy of the
Magma Charta," in the institution H.
brary? (2) Also its number?-O. N.
A:-Q Lingard's History of England
Vol. 3. (2) 1909.
Q:-Will you please tell me where and
how Valentines Day originated ?-J. d.
A:-According to old writings respect
ing SdliitS anu martyrs III Ireek ana no
man Catholic churches, Feb. IA was OBJ
served as a feast day of seven martyrs in
the early Christian church. The observa-
ton of St. Valentines day as lovers fes-
tival, however, has no connection with
this but seems to be a revival of an old
Roman festival of similar nature. Old
notion was that birds began to mate on
that day and hence arose the custom of
young people of both sexes choosing each
other as valentines" and of sending love
messages to each other.
NOTICE-All inmates using, the Query Col
and desiring more detailed information to
their queries are invited to use the splendid
reference books in library to be had on
request The International Text Books are
especially complete in their information on
technical subjects. Consult the Reference. Use
full Arts, Literature Chemistry, Biography and
Science divisions of our library catalogue for
diversified subjects
The mirror., 1922-02-09

THE MIRROR is weekly paper published in
the Minnesota State Prison. 1t was founded
in 1887 by the prisoners and is edited and
managed by them. 1t aims to be home news
paper; to encourage moral and intellectual i'm
provement among the prisoners; to acqnaint
the public with the true status of the prisoner
to disseminate penological information and to
aid in dispelling that prejudice which has ever
been the bar sinister to fallen mans self
redemption.