davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
Dorothy Dir Tails
Woman's Right to Her job.
~ DOROTHY DIX
Worid's highest Paid STsman WFstse.

An ex-service man writes me that
he thinks that all women who arc
following what is called 'fgatnful eccu-
pations'' should give up their work
and hand over their jobs to men. He
says this is the simplest way to solve
the unemployment problem for men.
1t is certainly an altruistic scheme.
but why narrow it down to woman:
Why not csk every man who can pos
sibly exist without his pay envelope
to hand over his portion to some man
who needs the work and the money
worse than he does. Why not ask
the bank president to resign in favor
of some ragged hobo? Why not ask
the doctor with a big practice to turn
over his patients to the patientIess
young doctor who is just starting out?
Why not ask the merchant to step
down and out, and present his store
to his clerks?
When there are not enough jobs to
go around the neediest may desirve
them most but nobody is foolish
enough to expect a man to sacrifice
himself for another man, and espe-
cially for another man of whom he
never even heard. But my correspop-
dent sees nothing unreasonable in de-
handing that women should irnmo-
late themselves upon the altar of the
public.
Also, my correspondent assumes
that women work thru sheer love of
work. or because they are restless and
not because they need the money they
earn This is a common error. There
are many people who assume that the
working woman is an eccentric mil
lionairess who leaves her luxurious
home to go and clerk in a store, or be
stenographer, or a bookkeeper be-
cause she Graves the excitement of
the commercial world; therefore they
sigh and shake their heads, and won
der why girls don't stay in their prop
er place in the parlor
They ignore entirely three basic
facts. One is, that every woman in
stinctively loves luxury and ease as
much as a cat does a hot brick. IN
real life you never see Miss Million
bucks giving up her limousine, and
her breakfast in bed, and har teas
and her luncheons, and her parties for
the joy of fighting for a strap in a
crowded street car, and cooking her
meals over a gas jet. and washing her
stockings in the bowl in her room, in
order to stretch a minimum wage over
maximum needs.
The second fact is that no woman
works for fun. If there is any wild
eight hours a day behind a counter
trying to wheedle disgruntled and
critical women into buying things, or
in pounding a typewriter, and dealing
with boss who doesn't wear his COM
p ny manners in his own office, the
girls who do it. day after day, have
never found it out. Their tasks do
not look like a picnic to them, They
look like hard jobs that call for all
the courage, and strength, and forti-
tude that a girl can put into them.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
HOLD FRIGHT way" MEETING
Employees of Express Company Plan
More Efficient Service.

Between forty and fifty-five en-
ployes of the American Express COM
pany attended the first Right Way
meeting of the year held Tuesday
night at the company's main office.
732 Kansas avenue. These meetings
which are held each month Were in
augurated by the company one year
ago for the purpose of devising plans
for the reduction of loss and damage
claims apd to render more efficient
service to the public. They have
proved popular here as well as else
where. according to E. r. Brayman,
Topeka manager.
That the effort has been worth
while was proven at the meeting
Tuesday night when reports were fead
showing that the company's claims in
December, 1921 amounted to $685.
574.SS compared with $4,000. 1897 in
the same month in 1920, a saving of
81, 447, 945.09 or 71.26 per cent. Thu
total number of claims in 1921 was
7S1.762 compared with 1,S45,257 tn
year before. This was a decrease of
1,O63.495 or 57.63 per cent.
The company will this year en-
deavor to show decrease of at least
SO per cent from the record of 1920.
and will endeavor to raise the stand
ard of the service as much as possible.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

The time for paying income taxes
again is here. In the year ended
June 80, 1921, actual tax receipts
were $4,978.3O0,O0O. For the fiscal
year 1922, receipts are estimated at
ss,568,oO 900. a decrease, of approx
imately $1.4OO,OOO,OOO. This reduc-
ton in the total of the federal tax
levy is largely made possible by
greater economy in expenditure, and
signalizes the first definite achieve
ment toward lessening the tax burden
on the people Of the United States. If
expenditures for 1922 be rigidly held
within the limits of estimated receipts,
it is believed, the return to better
business conditions will have received
a great impetus.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

get NOR money into the national
treasury. Mellon would make taxpay-
ers pay higher rates on the money
they borrow as communities and then
would tax these securities.
The fact that no debt is logically
taxable is overlooked by the advocates
of taxing all bonds, but, passing that
unanswerable point, increasing the
rate at which cities and other com
munities must borrow money is far
from a help to those for whom the
government is conducted.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
Local Mention

Topeka Lodge will serve an oyster
supper after lodge Thursday evening.
Jan. IS. for members and their fam
6les and visiting knights. BY order
Entertainment Committee.-Adv.
The regular monthly meeting of the
Cradle Roll Federation which was 10
have been held Thursday afternoon
has been postponed until the next
regular meeting date, the last Thrus
day in February.
Costumes and wigs, Viola Beauty
shop. Phone 29O1.-Ady.
Raymond Ch;-opodist. Orpheum Bldg.-Adv.
For good home cooking well sea-
soned. go to the Y. NJ C. A. Cafeteria.
Adv
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
DEATH OF S.-H. CHACEY
Resident of ATeriden Community Had
Lived in Kansas Since 1879.

Samuel H. Chacey, age 70, who had
been a resident of Kansas, since 1879.
died Tuesday at his home, one mile
east of Meriden, Kan.
He was born in Wayne county,
Ohio, and was a Civil war veteran
He came to Kansas and settled on a
farm near Meriden forty-three years
ago. He had been actively engaged
IN the real estate and insurance for
the last twenty years He was alzH
prominent in public affairs
he is survived by his wife and eight
children. Funeral arrangements have
not been COMPLETED
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

Lucy Page CASTOR is reported as
saying that q cigaret carries a "kick''
equal to that of two ounces of whisky.
This statement goes to prove that Miss
CASTOR knows nothing about either
cigarets or whisky. In that respect
however. she does not differ greatly
from many other reformers. Their
variety.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

While the emergency tariff bill has
been of no great benefit to the people
of the United States it did cost the
sugar producers of Cuba s35.000,000
and among those producers are many
Americans. But ait is an i'll wind,
etc. Cuba has been compelled to ne
gotiate a loan and New York bankers
have arranged to supply her with
$1,000, 900.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
>NEW YORK MONEY MARKET.

New York, Jan. 25-MONEY-Call mon
ey easier; high ), low 4, ruling rate 5,
closing bid 4, offered at AZ: last loan
~: call loans against acceptanees AZ
Time loans firm, sixty days 415@5, ninety
days 415@5; six months 41a@5. Prime
mercantile paper Az 90.
A ten-point break in gulf states steel,
unsettled the market in the last hour after
numerous specialties had risen to best
prices OF the day. The closing was irreg-
ular. Bonds, including liberty and French
issues were lower. Sales approximaten
TOO 600 shares.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
IMPORTATION FOR ALL READERS OE
THE TOPEKA STATE JOURNAL.

Each reader of The State Journal is Of
fered the unlimited use Of the largest IL
Formation bureau in the world !, a..
Ybis Service Bureau is located IN ~, me y
potiouaI capital, where it is in immedla a, e
touch with all the great resources u TIT
United States government; ..v,
1t can answer practically any aue 5stica
YOU want to ask, butt can't give auNiee'
or make exhaustive research. =, a..
The war forced SO many changes m re ne
daily life of the American people tnaI t ne
service of this information bureau VIII NC
invaluabIe to all who use it. - :.
Keep in touch with your government ln7isa, a.
oil tines 1t can helm you in thousanu
a. II [,our wants are only made known;
The state Journal pays for this .spiend1,d
service in order that every one OF us tea9 "a
ers NAV take advantage of 1t. You are
welcome to use it as often as you IKE
Write your request briefly sign o! y91f
name and address plainly, enclose z-c eLI
etaI,n for return postage and address tne
TOPEKA STATE JOURNAL INtoRNlA-
Ere frederic i j. Haskin. Director, Washipg-
ton, j.. c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
MRS. RACHAEL BRAY DIES
Came to Kansas in 1866-Lived in
Topeka Ten Years.

Mrs. RachaeE Bray. age 80. who had
been a resident OF Kansas since 1866
died this morA.ng at her home. T16
West Eighth avenue
She was born at Indianapolis, Ind
and came to Kansas IN 1855 settling
at Labette. She had lived in Topeka
for the last ten years.
She is survived by one son, J. H.
Bray, of Chanutes two daughters, Mrs.
Anna Botenfield, of Joplin, Mo, and
Mrs. Nettie Garter, Kingsbury, Cal.
The body will be taken TO Labette,
Kan, for burial.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
CHANGE COMMENCEMENT DAFT. ,
Seniors Mt X. L. Being Asked Opinion
on Advanced Dates

Lawrence. Kan, Jan. 25.-P1ans are
under way at the University of Kan
sas to change the date of commence
ment from June At to June 3-5
The customary plan has been to
have activities start on Sunday fol-
lowing final examinations. Each sem
ior is being consulted concerning the
new plan.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
FOREIGN EXCHANGE.

New York, Jan. 25.-EXCHANGE-Fo
eign exchange firm. Great Britain demand
4.2212, cables 422#. Sixty days bills on
banks 4.19A. France demand S.1715, cables
SIS. Italy demand 4.39, ables 1904. Bel
many many demand demand .5o1[. cables 81. Holland
demand 1896, cables 1861.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

Kansas City. Jan. 25.-wHEAT-Cash {:
Receipts 210 ears. Market unchanged to &c
lower. No. 1 dark hard, $117112 rs; No. =
dark hard. $1.16M127; No. l hard. $1,12@
1.22; No. hard. $1.11@1.22; No. red, Sis
GLE; No. . red, 81. 156I1
CORN-Market 15c to &c lower. No. .
white, 44c; No. ; white, 431ac; No. . yellow.
44Ac; No. 3 yellow, 44c No. . mixed, 44c /;
No. 3 mixed 431ac.
OATS-Market unchanged. No. . white,
37d3sc; No. . mixed, S614Q37c; No. 9 red
100 45c.
RYE-T0c
BARLEY -4615 G49c.
kAFIR-91c0$1.
BRAN-S1. 0O6f1 05.
SHORTS 81 .0J.
sWlHEAT-close: May, $1ooss; July,
GORN-May, arse; July 49ase
HAY-Market steady to 81. so higher. Best
alfalfa advancing; choice alfalfa, $23o0@
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
Wants Damages From Bootleggcr-

Omaha, Neb., Jan. 25.-Suit for
$4,000 damage has been filed in dis
trict court here by Mrs. Pauline Yosl
against Mary and Michael Mandich.
The complaint charges the Mandiches
sold the husband of Mrs. Yost liquor
which caused his death.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
LATE MARKETS

KANSAS CITY GRAIN MARKET.
orange of Futures on Kansas City Board
of Trade as reported by B. Z. Chris
topher g.. Co, 226 New England Bldg,
Chicago, Jan. %
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
Twcnty-eight HoIdsCps Reported in
Last TWenty-four Hours

Chicago. Jan. 25.-Chicago criminal
records yesterday and last night show
ed the first serious wave of 1s22 One
man shot and wounded, probably IA
tally. two jewelry stores burglarized.
tWenty-eight hold-ups and more than
a score of minor crimes were re-
ported.
The criminals escaped virtually un-
seathed, police doubling Importance
Of numerous arrests
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
CHICAGO GRAIN MARKET.

Orange of prices on grain futures on
the Chicago Board of Trade, as reported
by The Empire Commission Co., POI New
England BldD
Kansas City, Jan. 25.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
DEATHS AND FUNERALS


CHARLES sEeHRIsT. $40 Monroe
street, died this morning at his hemc.
Funeral announcements later.
JOHN HENRY WATSON. age so. died
today at his home 1909 East Sixth avenue.
The body Will be taken to CarbandaIe,
Kan, for burial. Wednesday,
MRS. RACHEL f. BRAY, age 50, died
this morning at her home, ZIG West Eighth
avenue. The body will be taken to Cha
mute, Kan. for burial.
Funeral services for A. s. Palmer, age
76, who died Tuesday at the home of his
daughter. Mrs.~P. L. Sawyer 42S Locust
street, will be held at 2 o'clock Friday
afternoon at Shellabarger's chapel. Burial
in Rochester cemetery
Funeral services for Marvin Jordan. age
20. who died Friday at the home of his
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. A NJ. Jordan, Bout
der, Colo, were held at 80 O'Clock this
afternoon as Bomgardner's funeral home.
Burial in Mount Hope cemetery.
Lords Flowers satisfy. Tel. 22sI.-
Adv
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
CHICAGO GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

Chicago, Jan. 25.-WHEAT-Close Ma
81 lbs July, $1.02
CORN-May, $3.50; July, 553sc.
0ATS-Afay, 3S7s@39e; July, 391sc.
RYE-May S51kc.
PORK-Jan., 1920; May, $500.
LARD-March SOFT; May. 5000.
RIBS-March, $3.50; May, 1920.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
NEW YORK LIBERTY BOND MARKET

New York, Jan. 25.-LIBERTY BONDS
Close. 31s's, 96.I2; LIST As. o!.22i End "a.
$3.50: list AS, 97.64; 2nd AS, 300; 3rd
MS $40; 18th AS, 97.20; Victory 33s s,
100.1S; Victory AZ s, 1O0.16
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25
NEW YORK STOCK MARKET.

NEW ORLEANS COTTON MARKET.
New Orleans, Jan. 25.-C0TTON-Spot
quiet, % lower; middling, 16-25.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

CHICAGO IN CRIME WAVE.

iCcDyright. 1926 BY The vsnseFsr Eyndtcsts
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

FURNISHED by The Empire Commissfon Co.,
20lNew England BldgD
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-01-25

Lords Flowers satisfy. Tel. 226I.-
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-05-04
ENGINEERS CLUB
TALKS IRRIGATION
George Sanford Tells of Diff
culties in ShOshone Dam
Construction.

Illustrating his lecture by colored
picture slides, George Sanford, man
ager of the Sun river irrigation project,
Wednesday night told members of the
Great Falls Engineers club of the diff
ficulties encountered in the construc-
ton of the Shoshone project dam in
Wyoming. which, he said, was more
than three times as high as First Ma
tional bank building Of this city.
Mr.: Sanford, who was attached to
the engineers staff that surveyed the
dam. said the only person connected
with the job who made n money
was the nan who freighted between
Cody and the construction camps. One
of the leading contractors in the coun-
try lost thousands of dollars in carry
ing out the contract because the ele-
ments played such havoc with the
plans. Mr.. Sanford said. The dam was
constructed in six years.
The lecture was preceded by a talk
by F. A. Gorham, assistant engineer
of the reclamation service. who discus
sed the designing and construction of
irrigation canals. He illustrated a num-
Der of his points by chart drawings.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-05-04
MINING CLASS
HERE TO VISIT
A.C.M. SHELTER
Largest Party Ever to Be
Taken Out of University
of Minnesota.

Thirty-two juniors in the school of
mines Of the University of Minnesota,
the largest class of the school ever
taken out on annual trips to mining
cenrers. arrived in Great Falls We'd
ncsiay for a visit of two and a half
days at the Anaconda Copper Mining
company shelters.
The plans of the instructors in charge
Of the class call for two and a half
days AZ the Great Falls smelters. a
day at East Helena smeIters and about
10 days in Butte and Anaconda in
underground work. This is the second
consecutive year that classes from the
University of Minnesota have visited
the Great Falls smelter and Montana
mines.
Instructors in charge of the party
lauded the Anaconda Copper Mining
company for its aid in the c~lasswork.
IF we owned the plant and mines,
no more could be done for u.s." said
Professor l.. b. Pease. "The company
has always been very kind in opening
their mines and plants for our trips.
Quite often a man is assigned to our
party to see that we are given every
advantage for studying methods during
our trip. The engineering students
close the year with these trips in their
sophomore and junior years, the sopho-
mores being now on a trip through the
northern iron range of Minnesota. They
keep notebooks and reports are made
in the same manner as those made by
mining engineers after studying a pro-
perty."
The students in the party are largely
from the middle-west states. One of
than H "a Nnarnu 10 % ~,r.n~ N~naN
Falls man, his father having been o n
nected with the smelter at one time,
but is now in Arizona.
Two Chinese students, sent to the
United States for training in mining
engineering, Chi Chang and s. X.
kwong, are members of the student
party. On completion of their five years
training in the United States, they will
return to China to aid in development
of mining property there.
The students are headed by Profess
sors Il. l.. Smith and l.. Il. Pease. in
metallurgical work, and II. NJ. Lambert
and w. II. Larker, in mining engineer
ing.
The student members Of the party
are:
A. T. Anderson, J. A. Ballord, j..
n. Brawley. w. w. Brenenr, r. A.
Calhoun. Chi Chang. +. ID. DeVaney,
H. G. Dinmore, A. Erickson, l.. J. Gal
lagher, A. NJ. Cow, II. II. Hawlik, G.
b. letters, S. X. Kwong, r. M. Larsen.
J. II. Levy, o. w. Lundquist. F. e.
Mooney, H. A. Pabst. r. B. Queneau,
r. H. Ridgway, G. B. Russell, A. j.
Scheid, j. N. Searles, G. G. Siverson,
A. 0. Sjolinder, G. II. Swensen, H. e.
Thellin, e. II. Tollefson, r. W. Vivian,
w. NJ. Winter, III. N. Wrbitzky.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-05-04
MINISTERS HOLD
DISTRICT MEETING
Western Association of Con-
gregational Churches Open
Program Today.

The Western Association Of Con
.gregational churches will open a two
day meeting in the Congregational
church here today with 10 ministers
represented.
The meeting will open with . devo-
tional service at 10 O'Clock which will
be followed by an organization pro-
gram. Two book reviews. Glover's
Christ in Experience of Men" re-
viewed by the Rev. F. E. Carlson. and
Wells Outline OF History" reviewed
by the Rev. We're V. Lopez. will be
the feature of the mornings program.
A business meeting will also be held
during the forenoon.
The ministers represented at the
conference are the Reverends G. A.
Helena. ]. r. Kiracofe, Dixon, z. H.
Johnson, Billings G. H. Harrison.
Denver. W. T. Lockwood. Butte, ]. f.
Estabrook, Denver. ]. n. Van Cleave.
Fairfield. H. B. Harrison. Missoula.
and Y. Y. Lopez, Great Falls.
The afternoon meeting today Will
consist of a program of religious edu-
cation. with special subjects introduced
by speakers, followed by general dis
The ministers will assemble at a
dinner in the church dining room ar
6 O'Clock. at which several well known
business men of the city will speak.
The Rev. w. I. Lockwood will be
POSTMASTER of the evening. The
speakers will be Mayor r. NJ. Ar
mour. o. s. Warden. general manager
of The Tribune; III. A. Templeton.
president of the Monarch Lumber
company; Richard Hart. president of
the senior class of the Great Falls
high school; l. w. Church, president
of the Great Falls Y. NJ. C. A. and
retiring president of the Rotary club:
DR.. J. c. Bresee. retiring pesident of
the Kiwanis club: Charles Davidson.
city attorney. and Deputy County
Attorney j. J. Wuerthner.
Following the dinner evening serv-
ices will be held with F. E.. Henry
the devotional service and ]. F.
and F. r. Carlson as the
speakers of the evening.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-05-04
JONES DELEGATE
TO LABOR SESSION
Candidate for COP. Nominal
ton Leaves for Brother
hood Convention.

Hugh NJ. Jones. local chairman of
the brotherhood of Locomotive Fire
men and Enginemen, will leave this
Thursday morning for Houston, Tex.
as a delegate to the international con-
vention of the organization. Enroute
to the convention city, Mr.. Jones ex-
poets to stop at Billings, Casper, Den
yer, Fort Worth and Dallas and before
his return, will visit the Mexia oil
field.
Mr.. Jones. who filed Tuesday as a
candidate for republican state sena-
torial nomination, gave out the fol-
lowing statement Wednesday regarding
his candidacy:
"For some time, many of my friends
have been urging me to become a can
didate for state senator and owing to
the fact that 1t will require but little
Of my time away from other duties.
I have decided to announce my candi-
dacy. I will be out Of the city the
greater part of the time between now
and the primaries, but / will be here
during the latter part of June and in
"As q member Of the sixteenth legis-
lative assembly in 1919, / have no re-
grets, and ! only ask the public to
investigate my record at that time
closely and know where l stand. There
is much need of remedial legislation in
the state at this time. particularly
along certain lines, and it needs to be
constructive and progressive legisla-
ton. My most earnest efforts will be
directed along that line should / be
nomiu<aed and elected"
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-05-04
Chicago Market
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

Chicago, May 3.-Announcement of
vessel charters for the shipment of
0 5000 bushels of wheat out of Chi
cago by lake routes rave an upward
swing to wheat prices today. but much
OF the gains failed TO hold. The market
closed unsettled, at the same as yes
terday's finish to rs cents higher, with
May $1.AN to $1.45 and July Si.2S12
to $1.28M. Corn closed sc to 1 cent up,
oats at an advance of hGAc to AGhc,
and provisions unchanged to IS cents
higher.
wheat market was checked. the May
delivery touched $1.46, a rise of 2s cents
a bushel over night. The ascent de-
rived some OF its impetus from higher
quotations at Liverpool n this fact.
as well as the news Of vessel charters,
indicating a liberal outward movement
OF grain from here, led to anxiety OF
the part of some May shorts to stop
losses.
Conditions affecting the wheat mar
ket were largely reversed nevertheless
during the last hour and for a brief
time prices were breaking rapidly, May
showing a drop of 3k cnts from early
top figures. The setback was partly due
to profit taking on the part of traders
who had been on the buying side of
the market before noon. A more power
full bearish influence, however, came
from reports that wheat had been
bought at Missouri markets and at
Buffalo and Toledo to come here. and
that Minneapolis, st. Paul and Duluth
were also to contribute to the Chicago
supply. On the other hand, pit shorts
were covering just before the close, and
the market again was showing a rally.
Deliveries IN May contracts today were
180, 900 bushels.
Delay in planting together with talk
of broader export demand inspired
active buying of corn. Oats were firm
er with corn.
Higher quotations on hogs gave a lift
to provisions.
The prices Of futures ranged as fol-