davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Dead Mans Ear Aids
Developing Telephone

Roll was working on a plan to pho
tocronh spcech when he hit on prih-
ciples that led to the invention OF 'he
tolenhone. A dead mans ear played an
important part in those researches
While planning device to photo
graph speech he saw that his model was
a rude analogy to the human ear. IN
stead of bones actuated by membrane,
as in the human ear, he had a lever OF
wood moved by membrane
lie accordingly decided to MODIFY the
shape of his device to correspond WIN
tbe human ear. He consulted Dr.
Charles A. Blake, a distinguished aur-
ist Of Boston, who suggested expert
ments with the ear of dead man
The thought suddenly struck the in
ventor that there was great dispro-
norton In mass between the bones Oh
tho ear and the membrane that con-
roctcd them; that these bones werc'
ro,o,ive 70 the membrane, very heavy
and very massive
Rell then asked himself why piece
of iron or steel could not be moved by
attaching 1t to a heavier and sitter
membrane. Experiments proved that
his reasoning was correct
The first telephone consisted of n
loosely hung reed, not attuned to a
pitch. attached to the center Of q
stretched membrane. and vibrated BY the
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

gle wire at the same time by using the
law of sympathetic vibrations. He used
n telegraph transmitter and receiver,
an electro magnet and tlattcned piece
of steel clock spring.
Early in the winter of 1874 Bell took
his harmonic telegraph to the electrical
workshop of Charles Williams, 100
Court street, Boston, where Watson
was employed. Watson made six in
struments according to Bells instruc-
tons and thereafter devoted most of
his time to executing in brass and iron
the ideas worked out by Bell.
The first occurrence that proved the
young inventor was on the right track
came on June ., 1915. One of the
transmiLter springs Of his telegraph in
strument stuck. The magnctized steel
generated current that sent IL faint
noise over the electric wire to Bells
receiver. Thereafter it was only Il
question of working out details.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Ear of a Dead Man
Played Important
Part mInUentOr'S s.
Phone Researches
SCOFF, :
THEN PRAISE;
Home Experiments
Showed H0v t0c
Keep Cool in Hot
test Weather 4

It could be poured into room or Q
house :
A big difficulty at once arose. Houses
nre not built to hold air. hot or cold.
It leaks from windows. through tiny
apertures in floors and walls and under
sills.
In the basement Of Or. Bells Wash
ington home was an unused swimming
pool. The tank would hold water and
therefore would hold air.
From large ice box the inventor
rigged up tube 70 the bottom OF the
tank. 4 fan was placed IN the tube 20
suck the air through. AS the fan be-
gan whirIing, iced air flowed from the
box into the tank.
When the tank was filled with re-
frigerated mir he had his desk set in one
corner of the tank and 30 used the ar
tifcinlly cooled compartment as study.
DR.. Bell believed this method laid a
foundation for system by which
eventually houses will be cooled in
! summer. The first requisite Is an
| apartment built to retain air. The
next step will be supply of cold air.
! He held that In time householders Win
be able TO buy cool air in the same
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Message of Years Before
Flashed Over Continent

The great inventors mind leaped back
to the day when he had summoned Wat
son to the top floor of the Exeter place
boarding house. The opportunity was
too precious to be passed over.
Watson. come here; want you"
said DR.. Bell into the instrument. and
moment later Watson heard the
words in San Francisco.
The inventor threw back his head
and laughed in glee.
"He says it would take him week
to come now.' said Bell, repeating his
old colleagues reply.
With that historic conversation, DR..
Bell saw the dreams Of his youth come
true. He had used replica Of the first
telephone transmitter for the chat
across the continent.
On that day. January %, 1915, there
were 100000 telephones in the Bell
system. serving 1OO.0O0,00O persons.
When he died on August 3. of this year.
there were 13,00O 900 telephones in the
United States and Canada.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Day of Synthetic Food
Predicted by Inrentor

Dr ron WI. ,nv,irn,I ,I,ot l., ,i,,a
49,. INV" ''"' ~ ''''
.,,,,r,.,, ,,
ro rno,,, ,,.,,. ''s wv,
,o, ,,.fn,. ~ ,'',,, >.".'
'''"' ~
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rro,Ina, -, ,'n .,n,'' ''''','l :, "
a,,,toi,,.. n'....;'. '' '"
ohnn,i',, ','', ''',''''' "'"., ''"'' ''''
,, '''>'''
.',m
,.,,I. ,'!. y, '"''I - WV"
,S5, ''''"" "' '""'''''>
,,,n,1i,. ,,.,,,. '''''"''
~ "''n',N - ,''',> ~ '''"' '""' ~''
roro,nS,o. " 49,. W ,.''', " "'"'F t'S,H
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Science Caused Big Aid
in Character Building

In talk shortly before his last illness
Dr. Bell expressed his convictions on the
value OF scientific studies in building up
mentality and charactrr
Study of Sccncc is character build.
Ing' hc said, "Scicucc is exact knowl.
edge II Is valuable in itself, but il IL
additionally valuHhl" because IL has tho
certain by product of strengthening and
broadening our own character,
The man who studies science for thu
love of it strengthens his own NOR,
hbcr, lie is a seeker after truth and
necessity himself becomes truthful,
Most boys have minds that are II. III
tcrestcd III science. This interest often
evidences itself in collections they make.
ines" may he stamps, butterflies, shells
or birds eggs. Collections breed classi-
hcatlons, craving distinctions, the be-
ginning of scientific observation. Math-
cmatirS is the science of measures. IL
Is essential to the scientist but he mus
De more than mathematician. Smell,
taste. pain have no measure"
With all his fame and the Rreat
wealth his Inventions won for him DIR.
l'"ll was modest and unassuming.
Great discoveries and improvements
invariably involve the CO. operation Of
many minds" he once declared. 'I
may perhaps take credit for having
bl'zed the trail for the others who
hav" come after me, but when | look at
1,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
DR. BELL, NZANN2HO MADE WIRES "TALK," HI
BY DEATH Nv PLAN TO PERFECT VISION By

voice In front Of the pole Of an electro.
magnet. a similar instrument being at
the other end of the line.
A later improvement combined the
steel armature and diaphragm in one
BY using only a diaphragm Of iron or
steel. This was the perfected telephone.
subsequent improvements dealing chiefly
with wires and cables and batteries for
ringing the call bells.
Bell had toiled for months in the
cellar of 100 Court street. Boston, try
ing to perfect a transmitter that would
send sound over a wire. His first tri-
umph came in his boarding house at
8 Exeter place. Boston. on March 10,
1876. .a
Bell was on the top floor Of the
house, Watson was on a lower floor.
A wire connected the two levels. The
young men had been tinkering with in.
struments that Bell had conceived.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

sixteen years old he was teaching elocu-
ton in British schools and making ex-
periments on the nature Of sound.
He went to Canada in 1870 and in the
year following proceeded to Boston,
where he became professor Of vocal
physiology at Boston University. His
system Of teaching deaf mutes was i'm.
mediately recognized for its worth and
be soon established a school Of his own.
After school hours. Bell worked on a
series Of inventions that were to cul-
inmate in the telephone. He disre.
garded time. and often worked until
or 3 o'clock in the morning. He
busted himself with tuning forks, mag
nets and batteries.
BY 1874 he had evolved the idea for
what he called his harmonic tele-
graph" This was device for send
ing several Morse messages over sin
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

were few. Incidentally. those who
backed up their belief with dollars
gained fortunes rs result. Some in
veStors became multimillionaires.
In III" task of drumming up en-
thusism for the telephone Bell went up
and down New England. prophcsyins
that some day men would talk rs easily
from Boston to New York as from one
room to another
Hard headed Yankee farmers listened
with tongues in their checks. They saw
In it only another catchpenny device,
another ease of wooden nutmcgS. I"
Later many in Bells audiences longcd
TO kick themselves across n forty acre
lot for their lack OF faith.
The newspapers of the day reflected
the almost general view. funds ran
low and Bell found himself with a mar
vel of the agcs and little money. But,
one by one, telephones were installed
until IN August, 1877, there were IT'S
telephones In use.
In that month BELL and his friends
decided it was time to organize the
business. The Bell Telephone Associa
tion was formed with no capital and Il
membership of four men-Rell. Watson.
Gardiner G. Hubbard, the inventors :
father law. and Thomas Sanders. n
financial hacker.
The inventor himself was more con
cerncd with his precious thcorir. and
experiments than with business, and he
left the expansion of the business TO
his pioneer supporters. He married in
1877 and went abroad to help introduce
the telephone in England.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Interest in Deaf Care
Telephone to the World

The invention of the telephone indi-
rectly was due to DR.. Bells interest In
the deaf and his efforts to relieve that
disability, n task his father and his
grandfather had worked on with sue
cess.
DR.. Bell was born in Edinburgh,
Scotland. March 3, 1S47, the son OF
Alexander Melville Bell, dean OF British
elocutionists and the inventor OF the
system Of visible Speech
As a boy Bell was educated In Edin-
burgh and London and acquired sn.at-
tering of music, electricity and tcleg-
raphy, besides tho ordinary studies as
signed the youth of that dsy. When
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

Finally the inventor placed his lips to
the transmitter.
Watson. come here; want you"
he said.
The words carried distinctly to the
waiting Watson, who bounded up the
stairs jubilantly and danced about the
inventors room in excitement.
Thirty nine years later, Mr.. Bell sat
In New York Office while Watson
waited at San Francisco.
"Mr. Watson. are you there?" the
inventor asked.
Indeed am" came back the reply,
which had flashed over rolling prairies,
busy cities. the snowy peaks Of the
Roci.ies. broad rivers and farming
lands until. in twinkling. they had
covered 34OO miles.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Alexander Graham Bell sending
the first long-distance telephone
message

value Of the telephone and Bell was ac-
claimed by scientists in the capitals of
the Old World.
The French Government awarded him
the Volta prize of 80 900 francs for his
achievement. II was characteristic Of
the man that he applied the money,
with a substantial addition from his
own pocket, to founding the Volta Bu-
reau in Washington for the increase
and diffusion Of knowledge relating TO
the deaf.
This turn in his affairs, with honors
pouring In on him, came when the tel
cphone business at last began the strides
worthy of its utility. Later DIR. Bell
founded, at a cost Of more than $500.
600, the American Association to Pro-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
First Patents Stood Test
of Long Legal Battling

On January %, 1876, BELL filed
specifications and n claim for his in
vcntion. lie wrote out the specifca-
tions himself, and on them subsequently
was to be reared the Bell telephone
business, employing more than 1000
persons.
On February IA. 1870, he filed an
application for an American patent and
was awarded patent i74,IG5, Few
documents In American legal history
have been more strongly assailed In the
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Had Other Problems
to EngrOSs His Mind

His mind already was looking toward
other problems and he saw the conquest
of the air as the next great achieve
ment. Before sailing for England he
suggested to Watson that when tho
telephone became matter of routine
business he and Watson should begin
experiments with flying machines.
Mon Of Vision IN Europe saw the
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

mote the Teaching of Speech 10 the
Deaf. He became the author Of The
Education of Deaf Children. Me
moirs on the Formation of Deaf Va
r!cty of the Human Race" and Lee
lures on the Mechanism of Speech"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Predicted One Exchange
for Telephone Users

In the telephone of the future l
look for connections to be made auto
matically," he said in 1901. "ln.
stead OF single wire there will be a
little cable Of wire connecting each
"ouSe with the central exchange.
1t will be possible for ten wires to
W the work that thousand now do.
There may be a system by which the
subscriber can move certain buttons and
'a'l up whom he pleascs The calls will
'' automatic, causing the idle wires
among those in the cable to come into
4'e automatically, and when the con-
'srsatlon is over the disconnection will
ve made automatically. l think when
N'S can be accomplished it will do
way with vast army Of telephone
OPERATORS and so reduce the expense that
"e poorest man cannot afford to be
without telephone"
ms belief in the possibility of seeing
telephone was thus expressed by DR..
Dell six years ago:
ihe question Is with me: Are you
nv nv some day going to see by telephone!
luz luz eha has not come. l am struck
:" tue tact that nearly all recent dc
,.'opments have had to do with vibra =
'"' ,' ! wonder what it may not lead
y. ~ "hen our engineers turn their genius
" some of the many other fields of the
work"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Got Knowledge From, Air
as Did Franklin

Bell, like Franklin, flew kites to
further his scientific knowledge. The
immortal Ben was studying cleo
trical phenomena. The equally i'm
mortal Bell was studying aerial
transportation.
The telephone inventors life was
one of happiness of achievement OF
labor cf love. of Il searching atter
knowledge of the great laws that gov
rn this planet and the universe.
No question seemed too trilins for
his mind. He once wondered why cats
Invariably land on their feet when fall
ing. lie obtained number of cats
and at regular intervals had them
dropped from second story window
while he gravely watched them fall with
claws contracted and feet outspread.
One of DR.. Bells most recent in.
VthtlonS IL tue HN iHS ii"h' VI ~
drodromc. which can rush through
water at a hundred miles an hour like
a gigantic daddy longlcss.
After completing his invention Of the
telephone and seeing his company NOV
ing toward commercial success, pr.
Bell gave little attention to his great
accomplishment. His interest was con-
eentratcd on other problems.
But he looked ahead and foresaw i'm
provemcnts that are now being re-
allied or that promise to materialize in
few years. Eighteen years ago lie pre-
dlcted the automatic exchange.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Waged Winning Fight
Against Horde of ScOFers

Bell went from Philadelphia to Boston
to persuade the public he had a practi-
Ical means Of, instantaneous communica-
lion. ScoferS were -4any. Believers
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

manner they now obtain Illuminating
gas.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
USED HIS BRILLIANT MIND
TO LEARN WHY GIFTS NETER
Fail TO LAND FEET FIRST
Study of Method Of Speech for Deaf
Gaze First Mkling Of Possibility of
Communication That RESUMED in
Telephone

A RE you ready, London? New York calling"
"A telephone conversation begins with vibrating through
the ether from Broadway to the Strand.
only hear distinctly
the others reflected image
separated by the Atlantic Ocean, virtually
though the wide stretch of rolling
desk.
Imaginary? Of it is imaginary but it impossible
than merely possible Alexander Graham Bell
seeing telephone will accomplished comparatively
Bell is dead, but his ideas marching
body has lain since last Friday its rokhewn
Bagh
grasped the flaming torch of his thoughts
Graham Bell and the heard short time before He said
telephone neparab concerned New York public official
who called a
Wv f~ i'm had le the Off.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08
Dr. Bell Salo Reality
W a Telephone Joke

." comment on telephone sight re-
aso W. Bell Of an anscdote. hs had
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-08-08

Alexander Graham Bell ana tne
telephone are linked inseparably in
the public mind. But Mr.. Bells in
terests were almost as wide as
science itself.
Few know of his dreams Of de-
Vice through which eruptions and
storms on the sun could be heard on
earth. He was confident that house.
holders in time may turn on cold air
for their homes as readily as they
now obtain gas or electricity.
He believed the day would come
when mankind would have synthetic
meats and other foodstuffs, when
science would Danish famine forever
from the earth.
The New York herald., 1922-01-08
LAFAYETTE SHOWS
POLISHED CHASSIS
Indianapolis Company Also
Displays Two New Enclosed
Models at Show.

Macedonia's most conscientious SOL
dler. who frightened up his armor when
ever Alexander ordered the phafanxes
cuA for inspection, probably would tar
nish from envy could he visit the Grand
Central Palace this week.
For here is thing or FURNISHED cop
per and polished steel that eclipses the
srlendor OF his dazzling accoutrements.
1t is the Lafayette chassis, finished so as
to bring out the natural quality OF the
metals, and exemplifying even to the
tyro the advanced engineering and
Jnetallurgical features embodied In the
] lafayette car.
As evidenced by the crowds that
gathered around II on the second floor
OF the Palace at the opening 1t is one OF
the outstanding exhibits OF the show.
| The Lafayette mechanism and details OF
design are clearly revealed and every
rod, bolt and surface or the structure
shines like n freshly niinted coin.
| Such mechanical features as the ioo
! horse power Lafayette engine, the ther-
mostatically operated radiator shutters,
! the torquo tube. the single universal
| Joint and the five foot springs. arc in
| terestingly shown. The chassis In nat
t.ral metals is supplemented by exhibit
\
Illustrating Lafayette workmanship In
art gallery style.
| The 1922 show also serves as com
| ing out party for two new enclosed
models that carry Lafayette medallion'
on their radiators seven passenger
| sedan and q new coupe for four.
The larger car is a sedan of the YES
| tibule type, readily converted from q
two compartment. chauffeur driven car
to one compartment more informal
vehicle by lowering the glass partition
into the back OF the front Eeat. The
| sedan shown at the Grand Central Pal
ace has black upper body. with the
lower body, wheels and chassis finished
in deep Napier green, with silver strip
ing.
The new coupe for 1929 will be known
as the touring type. 1t is unusually
well adapted to touring. with n trunk
carrying compartment on the afterdeck
which win accommodate enough lug
| gage for q long trip. The body is slight
| ly longer than the usual style of coupe
with four doors. plenty of leg room front
and rear. and the low effect so pro-
nounced IN custom built cars. A
weather-tight ventilator in the roof
/ supplements the regular cowl venti-
! lator, while n hooded vizor for the
windshield adds a touch Of practical
smsrtness TO the car
I Lafayette confines its show display
OF open models to snappy four pas
senger torpedo that puts touch OF
brilliant color to the entire exhibit, the
solid black body OF this car, with VIC
toria top. having for sharp contrast a
| running gear of English coach vermil-
ion.
The other body styles which will be
built during 1929 are a seven passen-
ger touring car. a two passenger road
ster. seven passenger sedan and a
chauffeur driven limousine.
The New York herald., 1922-01-08
AC PLUGS ON 64 OF
30 MAKES AT SHOW
Albert Champion, Maker, Gives
Credit TO Engineers
for Suggestions.

The automobile show census tsker.
who annually complies the succulent sta
tistics regarding the number OF cylinders
In evidence, the inches of wheelbase on
hand and the prevailing modes In gear
ratios and spring suspension. runs across
an old friend among his figures when
he makes notatlons In the column headed
Spark Plug Equipment"
He finds that this year. as for many
years. AC spark plugs dominate the
show. or the ninety makes OF gasoline
Central Palace, fifty-four have ACs
standing guard over their cylinders, with
the minority vote scattered.
Tho AC equipment roll includes cars
OF every price class. from the costly
Locomobile down TO the most-yalue for
the fewest-dollars Chevrolet, and runs
as follows:
Anderson. Ambassador. Apperson,
Buick, Cadillac. Case, Chalmers. Chand-
ler Chevrolet, Cleveland. Cole, Davis.
Dodge Brothers, bort. Du Pont, Durant,
Elgin, Essex. Hanson. Hatfield. Haynes.
Hudson. Hupmobile. Jackson, Kissel
kar. La Fayette. Leach Biltwell, Liber-
ty. Locomobile. Maibohm, Marmon, Max
well. McFarlan. Mitchell, Monroe, Nash,
National. Noma. Oakland, Oldsmobile,
Overland. Packard, Paige, Paterson,
Pilot, X. &c V. Knight Rotary Six, Saxon,
Standard Eight. Knight. Temp
lar. Westcott, Wills st. Claire and Will
lys-Knight
while we take a pardonable pride IN
the show record we established several
years ago and have maintained ever
since. we realize that no little credit
for this record is due to the many au-
tomobile engineers who have cooperated
with US In the development of our prod
uct to point that merits the preference
IL Is accorded" said Albert Champion.
president of the company that manu-
facture AC plugs.
These engineers have brought to our
laboratories their ignition problems and
have worked with our specialists in the
solution of them. They have gone to
the trouble and pains of testing the va
rious types of plugs that we have de-
veloped in our attempts to anticipate
the needs of the automobile industry,
and have given us the results of their
unprejudiced findings.
The New York herald., 1922-01-08

mobile building since 1897. when he was
associated with tho Mors car in France,
and more than twenty years of practical
experience In designing. building and
driving is evident In his new car.
His first Frontenar victory was at
Cincinnati In 1917 when he won the
$50 mile sweepstakes himself. He is
quoted as saying: II am particularly
glad to have won because the victory
vindicates my theory with regard to the
construction of q racing car
But he did not stop there. He kept
on building until his product won the
title OF worlds champion, Then he de-
signed an entirely new car, which again
won the title the following year, per-
forming feat new in automobile his
tory.
The New York herald., 1922-01-08
PREMIER CAR HAS
NEW LIGHT PISTON

The aim OF automotive engineers for
years In their efforts to improve the
speed and sraoothness with which high
speed motors operate. has been to de-
velop piston so light as TO eliminate
resistance. and madc in such manner
as to eliminate difficulties which arise
from excessive expansion and contrac-
tion.
The new, piston embodied in the Series
CID Premier cars is regarded as one Of
the most advanced steps in this direc-
ton so far developed.
Retaining all the ADVANTAGES of light
weight aluminium. this new, piston is so
designed that expansion and contraction
due to variation of temperature are
taken care OF automatically without the
slightest danger Of seiz!ng. Yet the
Nelson piston fits as snugly In the GYM
der as the conventional cast iron type.
A marked increase in power and fiexi-
bility noted in the new Premier is at
tributed directly to the new piston.