The New York herald., 1922-08-20

the United States. The rates In the cot
ton manufactures schedule (raw cotton
is, OF course, not protected) are intri-
cate. but evidence of what they amount
to may be had from the fact that on
cotton gloves the duties asked ran as
high as 119 per cent. ad valorem. In
other words, 1t was proposed that the
duty on cotton gloves was to be as high
or higher than the cost OF the gloves In
foreign markets. But this rate did not
stand. Senator Lenroot (Rep., Wis., }.
who made a bitter fight against the cot
ton goods schedule, succeeded in having
1t limited to 75 per cent. ad valorer,. so
that for every dollars worth Of foreign
made cotton goods brought into the
United States the duty will not exceed
rs cents. 44 tt" , e#
The work of the agricultural bloc is
strisingly shown by the rate of 80 cents
bushel on wheat, although the House
rate on wheat. itself regarded as high. Is
25 cents bushel. Under the Under
wood law there was no duty on wheat.
Whether this wheat duty actually will
be beneficial to the farmers except to
shut out a small quantity Of Canadian
grain Is greatly disputed question
Many Senators who fought the wheat
rate charged that the tariff bill trainers
merely were attempting to fool the
farmer so that they might put into force
exorbitant rates .pn other articles. The
doubt as to the effect Of the duty Is due
to the fact that, America Is a wheat ex-
porting nation and that local markets
In the last analysis, will be governed by
supply and demand.
Milk and other Duties.
7aN
Striking also az a sample of the agri-
cultural schedule are the rates on milk,
butter. cheese and eggs and similar per-
ishable products In which there Is no
real competition from abroad. The rates
are the result of an agitation in mar
row strip Of country along the Canadian
border Milk, for instance, Is dutiable
at 2h cents gallon. having been
raised in the Senate from l cent a
gallon provided in the House bill. Live
poultry is dutiable at cents pound.
having been raised from 2 cents In the
House bill. Eggs In the shell are dutf-
able at cents q dozen. having been
raised from cents in the House bill.
The California Senators, johnson and
Shortridge, belong to the agricultural
tariff bloc. and they did not fail to OBJ
tain their share for California. High
rates are provided on citrus fruits and
other products native to that State. The
duty on lemons was fixed at cents
pound, on oranges at l cent a pound
and on grape fruit at IA cent a pound
Almonds are protected by duty or .
cents a pound, wainuts at cents,
whereas they had been at q n cents IN
the House bill.
Such common articles as potatoes ara
made dutiable In the Senate bill at the
rate of 5s cents a hundred pounds.
although In the House bill the duty was
AZ cents. Apples are dutiable at the
rate of 80 cents Tor each bushel of nifty
pounds, whereas .he House rate was 25
cents.
High duties. in.ended to protect the
American silk manufacturing industry
are provided In the bill on silk goods
Raw silk comes In free. The SIX
schedule, which importers declare Is So
high that few imports will come Into TIE
country, was written largely by Senator
Mclean. one of whose constituents 10
Horace B. Cheyney Of the Cheyney Silk
Company.
Even the children are victims OF tue
hill. Dolls and pats of dolls. marbles,
mir rifles, toy ball )ons and all other TOYS
not composed Of china or similar earthe'l
or stoneware. are cu!iable at the rate OF
70 ner cent. ad valorem. The Hous"
asked that a rate of 40 per cent. al
vaIorem be provided. The Payne-Ald-
rich law. the rates ot which were every-
where regarded as high, made these toys
sdutiable at the rate OF 35 per cent
4. Gunrds Against Germany.
Senator Smoot, in announcing the rate
Of 70 per cent. in the Senate Dill. de-
clared Il was necessary for the con-
tinuance OF this industry In the United
States to ask protection against Ger
man competition. The rate on races
made OF cotton has been held up as a
sample OF some OF the high duties i'm
no.ed. This Is fixed at 80 per cent. ad
vaIorem, although official reports to the
Government state that the difference IN
tho -cost of production at home ana
abroad IL approximately half that
amount. Many OF these articles are SOLD
In the five and ten cent stores. ana the
new high duties VIII mean that articles
heretofore sold at five cents viii be ad-
vanced to ten.
THE agricultural bloc met rebuff
during the consideration OF the bill when
II attempted to impose duty on hides
of cattle. two cents a pound on raw or
uncured hides and FOUR cents per pound
on dried hides. Shoe manufacturers op-
nosed this duty on the ground that hides
we're a by-product OF the live stock In
dus,ry and that the only result OF a
duty would be 10 put money into the
noclxets of a few raisers OF live stock
and the packing interests.
The duty would have meant az least
twenty cents a pair additional on shoes
II was only after vigorous night tnat
Tho AGRICULTURAL pioc was defeated In
this effort TO raid che public purse.
scissors and knives. made largely In
Germany. have been the subject Of ex-
ceedingly high duties. In some instances
running as high as AS per cent. ad
yalorem These extreme rates were
written into the bill 20 please American
manufacturers. who said that German
competition was such as TO threaten
sending them TO the wall. In the ma
chnelike adoption OF the Finance Com
mIttee rates. which prevailed In nine
instances out Of ten, efforts 10 limit the
duties on these articles TO 100 per cent.
ad vaiorem were repulsed.
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