davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-11-26
The Drift of the Dressmakers.

The dressnakers Of Paris are Wor-
ried. For some time past they have
seen the young women OF the French
capital drifting away from the indus.
try that has made that city famous as
a center Of fashion. They have turned
their backs on the ataIiers where frocks
and hats are created and have sought
employment In banks and Offices as
stenographers. This tendency has be.
come SO marked that finally the Paris
Drsssmakers' Association has organ
lied a movement to win back the girls
and to hold them in the trade. 1t has
started a competition among dress.
making apprentices. offering prizes of
1000 to $50 francs for the winners.
The candidates must have been two
years with the same house.
A myth has long prevailed that the
Paris dressmakers are chiefly men. 1t
Is true that some man milliners''
have become famous, but it has been
an open secret that their success has
been mainly due to the taste and skill
Of the women who have created the
designs with which their names have
been connected. These men have been
good business managers. shrewd ad-
vertisers and skillful exploiters Of the
craft and judgment and inventiveness
Of those behind the screen doors Of the
workshops. Rarely has a man himself
been a creator Of women's wear.
The competition for the services of
woman workers between the Offices
and the workshop is felt in other cities
than Paris. Higher scales of pay pre-
vail in the latter lines. The hours as
a rule are shorter and the work is less
exacting. The natural consequence is
that If the dressmaking and millinery
trade is to retain skilled girls and
women it must pay enough to hold
them. and thus the possibility presents
itself Of an even higher range Of bills
Tor feminine wearing apparel.
Evening star., 1922-11-26

so widely apart that they are veritable
GASES in the midst Of 4 forbiaGjng
waste. Until ths trade winds change
little Is to be expeetsd IN ths way Of
Sahara development, for those winds
are not rainmakers, They are drying
winds, and they sweep With persist
ence over the land and suck up its
moisture and bring little or no rain.
and that in spasmodic quantities.
Still. the possibilities in the Sahara
ere 80 great that man continues his
effort to redeem this vast space and
to make it useful. 1t has been said
that the worlds granary lies potential
ly in that region, and the hope OF It's
development keeps up the endeavor to
conquer the Sahara.
Evening star., 1922-11-26
Floods in the Sahara.

Floods in the Sahara desert. Rail.
road trains tied up by torrents: Native
quarters washed away by the first
rains since 1917! These are surprising
items in q news dispatch from Biskra,
Algeria, about conditions in the Sa.
hara. They tend to dispel a popular no.
ton of the great African sand plain.
Evidently the precipitation down there
is spasmodic- With five-year lapses be-
tween rainfalls it is no wonder that
the channels are choked when the
moisture does come.
The Sahara desert presents one of
the most interesting problems that
science has ever sought to solve.
There are evidences that once a great
civilization existed there, and that it
was a land Of plenty. Of rich produc-
ton and Of agreeable climate. The
soil, it is known. is potentially fertile.
Although vast quantities Of sand
sweep over it and pile into mountains
that change with the winds, yet when
water Is let in, as at the cases where
springs exist, speedy growth de.
velops and sometimes strange plants
appear, doubtless from seeds that have
lain dormant for centuries.
+. Plans have been made from time to
time for irrigation, but the area is so
immense, and the sources Of water are
80 remote and undependable. that lit
tie progress has been made. Yet there
are thriving communities in the
desert, some large cities and some
productive areas: scattered, however,
Evening star., 1922-11-26
The School Report.

II is expected that very shortly a
report will be received by the joint
congressional committee on the Dis.
trict public schools from the Pennsyl
vania state superintendent of educa.
ton, who was requested by the COM
mittee to submit his suggestions re-
garding means to be adopted to i'm
prove the local system. Senator Cap
per, chairman of the committee, hopes
to submit the report to Congress- at
an early date, embodying the findings
and recommendations Of the educators
headed by DR.. Finegan. who had been
working on the matter. And it is the
hope Of, the chairman further that
legislation may be enacted for the
benefit of the schools before the close
of this present Congress next March.
1t is assuredly the hope Of this
community that such action may be
taken before the end of the session.
for if the matter goes over to the next
Congress another delay is almost GER
tain, since it will have to be taken up
then by the new Congress as a new
item. with perhaps fresh investiga-
ton by a committee differently consti-
tuted. In such circumstances action
could hardly be expected before an
other year at least.
The public school needs Of the Dis.
trici are urgent now. and every month
Of delay is adding to the difficulties. A
comprehensive building program is
necessary to relieve the congestion in
the schools at present, and to assure
adequate room for the pupils in the
future. Makeshift provisions do not
reach the root Of the evil. They are
costly expedients. Portable buildings,
part-time schools, platoon organiza-
ton are all of this character. The an
nual additions to the school population
are now barely cared for by new con-
struction authorized unsystematically
and spsmodically in appropriation
bills. Actually nothing is being done,
in effect, to care for the arrears.
If the report Of the joint committee
is submitted early enough this winter
the appropriation bill can be framed
in accordance, and thus provision
made for immediate start on the build
ing program. II the matter is post.
poned until late in the session it may
be impossible to reach the budget with
these provisions. and thus another
year will be lost in the actual start
ing of the work, unless. as now seems
unlikely, an extra session of the new
Congress is called in the spring.
Thus the time margin is narrow
and the hope is that when the report
has been finally framed and submitted
it will not lead to long debate either
in the District committees or in the
houses. but will be put upon its pas
sage as d matter Of especial urgency,
with the appropriation bill shaped in
accordance.
Evening star., 1922-11-26
Mr.. Bryan and the Vets.

Before the democratic vets put the
finishing touches to their plans for
1924 they should take Mr.. Bryan into
account.
The three-times-loser has not lost
all, by any manner of means. He is
far from being a dud. He has life in
him yet. any amount of fight, and his
following. by and large. is considera.
bic and devoted.
If Senator-elect Edwards may be
accounted as wet as the Atlantic
ocean Mr.. Bryan may be described as
dry as Sahara. In the matter of the
drink traffic-to drink. or not to drink
he stands for aridity itself.
Moreover. he has stood for it for
years. He believes. and many of his
friends do, that in all three Of his
presidential races he encountered the
solid opposition Of those engaged in
the manufacture or retail sale of in.
toxicating liquors.
He has good and sufficient reason.
therefore, aside from his moral convic.
ton. for standing out against the
drink traffic, drink trafffckers and all
their works, to the bitter end. He has
felt the steam" of their blows.
So if the vets control the next
democratic national convention. In
sert in the platform a plank suitable
for their purposes and nominate a
candidate for President in sympathy
with their performance, what will be
the chances Of Mr.. Bryan's support
How will it be possible for them to
coax or commander him for cam.
paign purposes?
But more than this How in sucl,
circumstances would it be possible for
Mr.. Bryan merely to refuse support
to his party? How could he afford to
be mere 'looker-on in Vienna" with
the return Of both the saloon and John
Barleycorn threatened, and everybody.
on one side or the other, armed cap
a-pie, and in action?
Evening star., 1922-11-26
How to Distribute House Seats

their Shares" in their respective rep.
resentattree) shall ,be as nearly, uni
form as possible, irrespective Of their
plnces Of residence.
That it Is not clear that the spe-
ciel Interpretation of the Constitu-
tion, which alone is consistent with
the Use Of the "method OF major
fractions" is to be preferred to other
possible special Interpretations which
lead to other methods Of. apportton-
ment.
therefore, that the method of equal
proportions" consistent as it Is with
fhe literal meaning of the words OF
the Constitution, is logically superior
TO the method Of major fractions.
In reaching, its conclusions the com:
mittee sought the counsel Of Prof
irv1nr Fisher Of Yale University.
In summarizing its findings the
II is clear that the Constitution re-
ouires that the ALLEGATION OF represent
atiyes among the several states shall
be propo.tionate to the distriousi9n ;,,. a,sn
that there Is anything in the con-
stifutiodal requirement. which sug-
eests that one Of the forms In which
such apportionu1ent ratios or proper
tons may be expressed should be
preferred to another.
X i
The method Of major fractions
utilizes only one of several: ways of
expressing apportionment ratios. The
method of. equal proportions" util-
ICES all Of these ways without incon-
sistency. The latter. method. there
fore, hasa broader basis,
There is no mathematical or logical
ground for preferring the one form
Of expression Of the apportionment
fractions" to other forms Of express
sion. These other forms lead, when
similar processes Of computation are
employed, to different and. therefore,
results. 49,
The "method. of major fractions
logically implies preference for
special meaning which may be, at
apportionment ratios may be express
ed. re attach to ratios meanings
which vary with the forms in which
the ratios are expressed is to inter-
pref them as something else than
~ In the, method of major fractions
ssetaaivss sse assand and popaiation % Tor the sew.
eral. states. 4s measured by absolute
diffe.ences. Tbs, method Of equal
proportions, utilizes relative differ
enoes. The relative scale Is to be pre-
lerred. the advisory committee con.
cludes.
presenting. Its report last July, pro-
vidinE for an increaae of twenty Ave
III the membership Of the House to
46o members. lodged this decision
1T 10 not necessary to discuss the
method adopted. as both plans known
=, "a Or s. Go5Has sfhns %stheS aa
agree with each other whom the num-
Der Of the House is nxed at 460..
Evening star., 1922-11-26

With the results Of the 1920 census
long since known and with the presi-
Dental election coming on. Congress
must soon again concern itself about
the reapportionment Of Representatives
in conformity with the enumeration
of the population as provided for In
the Constitution. In view OF this
members. especially from those states
which will either gain or lose repre-
sentation through the hereapportionment.
are studying a report made by: the
advisory committee to the director OK
census regarding the methods OF rap:
portionment.
Two methods are advocated: First,
that Of 'fmajor fractions" devised BY
Prof. W. F. Wilcox Of Cornell Uni
versity. in 1910 and used in the ap-
portionment of 1911, and; second. the
"method Of equal proportions. de.
Harvard. University in December:
1920, and brought to the attention Of
Conrress through letter to Chair
man -Siegel of the House committee
on the census. To the method OF
major fractions there may be added
owens, also Of Cornell University. in
February, 1921. and named by him
the method of least errors, Prot.
owens method. it happens, although
independently conceived and resting
on somewhat different premises, leads
to precisely the same apportionment
as the method Of major fractions.
The advisory committee says that "ft
may be taken. therefore. as adding
strength to the claims Of that method"
Moreover, the advisory committee
finds that Prof. HuntinEton's method
Of equal proportions: Is virtually q
nate ratios developed by DR.. J. A.
Hill of the bureau OF census and rec
commended by DR.. e. Dana Durand,
then director Of the census. for adop-
tion in 1911" -
In discussing the method Of major
fractions" the advisory committee
took, into account the suggestions OF
Prof, Owens. as well as those of Prof.
Wilcox, and Joined, DR.. Hills sug-
Restions with those Of Prof. Hunting
ton in confederation Of the method
of equal proportions"
The conclusions reached are:
That the method Of equal proporr
tions" leads to- an. annortionment in
which the ratios between the repre-
sentation and the population of the
several states are as nearly alike as
is possible. 1t thus complies. with
the conditions imposed by q literal
! interpretation of the requirements. OF
TT That the. method Of major frac-
tions" has back OF It the weight Of
precedent. LoEically. however. it
can be supported only by holding that
the Constitution requires. not that tn g
ratios between the representation and
| the population OF the several states
| shali ba equal, a. nearly As. possible,
but that the representation accorded
/ to individuals or to equal groups Of
J Individuals tn the population (that 70,
Evening star., 1922-11-26
Bus Lines and Car Lines.

In passing upon applications for bus
line extensions the Public Utilities
Commission has gone ON record as ia
voring the confinement of the track
less transit facilities to those areas
that are not now served by car lines.
In effect. the commission rules against
the bus us direct competitor with
the street car. holding that the proper
function Of the bus is to cover areas
not now served by track, lines and
also to act as feeders for such lines.
In making this ruling the commits
sion takes occasion to note that multi
plying Of the bus routes through the
center of the city adds 10 the street
congestion, already so great as to pre-
sent Il serious problem. The commits
sion holds that there is a legitimate
field for bus service. but this does not
lie in the multiplication of lines or
vehicles" reaching the center of
town.
Direct competition between bus
lines and car lines is not now possible
ions of maintenance and the dis
parity of relative cost OF operation. At
present Il single bus cannot carry as
many people as u single street car.
Yet it is run without the heavy over
head cost of track-layinS and main
tenance. If the bus can operate for a
smaller cost per passenger over as
long an average haul ii can compete,
and it is inevitable that 1t will COM
pete eventually. if il becomes the
policy of the utilities commission To
allow such competition as may threat
en to render worthless the large in
vestment in tracks of the traction
companies.
1t cannot be said that the bus line
is more flexible than the track line.
for its value depends upon occupying
a fixed route. 1t cannot gain patron
age if it is constantly shifted in its
course. a bus line that is now oper-
ated on one set of streets and again
on another is at a heavy disadvantage
as against the fixed route of a street
car line. o.:
If husses are to he developed as
feeders and not as trunk routes they
should have reciprocal relations with
the traction companies. 1t is not de-
sirable that feeder bus lines should
operate in the now uncovered sections
of the District in circumstances to
compel the payment of double fares.
At present the busses operated by a
traction company are the only ones
that thus transfer. In existing condi-
tions the bus service is virtually in
competition with the traction service.
An ideal urban transportation sys-
TEN would he Il series of bus lines Gov
erins all parts Of the District. feeding
into trunk routes with the smallest
possible number Of transfers and with
the least congestion in the heart of
the city. and finally with a sufficient
service to insure accommodations for
all passengers at all hours on all lines.
1t may be that eventually the bus
will replace the street car, but to do
so some equitable means must be
found to avoid the destruction Of the
property rights and values now repre-
sented in the tracks which have been
laid to meet the public requirements
in the course of years.
Evening star., 1922-11-26
SOME INSIDE STUFF
ABOUT NEW YORK
BY WILLIAM JOHNSTON.

NEW YORK, November 25. 1922
A y important part Of the sue
~ cess game as IT. Is played in
n New York consists of being
seen" At the right places. The
list includes the opera. theater open
ings. public dinners and 1uncheons
and even funerals. At the last rites
over a celebrity there is always a
horde OF the ambitious oncoming.
who hope they will be observed there
and mistaken for friends Of the de-
ceased.
The succession of public dinners at
this season keeps the climbers busy.
the chamber OF commerce dinner, the
merchants. the motion picture board
Of trade. the Clemenceau and several
others following in quick succession.
At each of these dinners many OF the
same faces are seen. Now that liquor
Is no longer served at public ban
quets. the demand for humorous
speakers has increased. New York
has 'ebig five" of funny after
dinner speakers. Patrick Francis
Murphy. JOB E. Hedges, Augustus
Thomas. Simeon Ford and Irwin $.
Cobb, but all Of them have been called
on 30 often that they are practically
on strike. and the committees in
charge Of dinners are at their wits
end to find new humortsts.
Evening star., 1922-11-26
Politics at Home
Harding al mckinley.

Mr.. Harding has taken his Stand on
the ship subsidy question with full
knowledge Of the size and complexion
Of the opposition that exists on Capi.
toi Hill, and his friends anirm that he
possesses. ana will show, the quail
ties necessary to the tussle.
AS he is often likened to Mr.. Nc.
Knley in methods and disposition,
features Of the McKiniey record in the
White House are properly recalled.
Mr.. Mckinley was a peace.loving
mana believer in conferences and q
promoter Of teamwork. He would
make concessions in reason and Aea.
son, but when the limit was reached
in a controversy no man was flrmer
in supporting his side.
He showed this spirit in the matter
Of the war with Spain. when he re.
fused to be hurried into hostiNties. but
once in them carried himself With in
creasing determination to the end.
He showed 1t in the matter of tals.
ing over the Philippines, which when
AA CI SA66SSICo "do lIoWHtI S3-
verely in certain republican circles.
Nevertheless. he took over the archi-
pelago and secured the ratification OF
the peace treaty with Spain.
He showed it in what proved to be
his last public utterance. When his
purpose to ask for revision Of the
Dingley tariff law leaked out he was
advised by powerful leaders in his
party not to do it. They rs much az
threatened him with opposition in
Congress and predicted failure for his
proposition. But that Buffalo audi.
ence-his last-heard him decree in
unexcited words and manner the re.
vision he thought ought to be made,
and there can be no doubt that had
he lived he would have pressed his
case and won it at the next congress
sional session.
There was no pose, no noise, no ex-
cessiye proclamation in Mr.. Mckinley
-as there never is about any man of
true determination-but in every
pinch he was resolutely there with
the. goods"
Evening star., 1922-11-26
kowtowiAg to Titles.

IDLASE as New York would like to
- believe itself to be. it always
gets thrill out of titled visitors, and
women fortunate enough to have a
prince or q baron at dinner are quick
to send their list Of guests to the So
ciety editors. The New York social
lions Of the moment have been Lord
and Lady Mountbatten. AS he is a
cousin Of the King Of England and
she. as Edwina Ashley. was the rich
est heiress in England, they naturally
are receiving much attention. and
there Is q flood Of invitations pouring
into their apartment at the Ritz. The
young couple seem to be getting lot
Of fun out Of their American trip.
and are mixing democratically with a
lot Of stage and fitm folk One Of
Lord Mountbatten's pet stories is
about their reception in Hollywood.
where they were Charlie Chaplin's
guests.
Cha ria met them at the station in a
Evening star., 1922-11-26
Albert ]. Beveridge.

There was disappointment as well
rs surprise at the failure Of Mr
Beveridge to come back" The stage
appearance in the Senate. All the re
ports had promised his election, and
these had given rise to many tributes
to his fine talents and accounts of his
successes when in senatorial commits
sion. Many persons-not all of them
republicans-welcomed the thought OF
enjoying again on Capitol Hill the de
liverances Of an orator Of power and
a man of wide reading and serious
purposes and reflections.
Such an orator, in either House OF
Senate. makes a place for himself out
side Of his party affiliations. An ad
vance notice of a speech by him-one
is usually put out-f1lls the galleries
to the limit on the day appointed
Long queues, as in front Of a theate1
when a favorite actor is to appear
form early, and patienu--- await the
opening of the doors.
In his day Mr.. ingalls, of Kansas
achieved this distinction. AT a little
later day Mr.. Wolcott Of Colorado
achieved it. On field day in the
Senate either Of them, almost in
variably, addressed a chamber crowd
ed upstairs and down, and neither
ever disappointed an audience. Both
were inspired by a sea Of expectan1
faces.
So rapid are shiftings in politics
now a man is in Office. now out-tha1
but few members Of the present Sen
ate have ever heard Mr. Beveridge
speak. All have heard. about the man
and his oratorical gift. and all were
looking forward pleasantly to wha,
seemed to be his certain return.
The future? At sixty Mr.. Beveridge
is still young in appearance, in GRASP
of public affairs and in the spirit with
which he. takes sides and supports his
side. His circumstances are such he
can afford politics. and the politics d
the immediate and early future. will
tempt him to pick his flint and try
again for the honors Of public sta
ton.
Evening star., 1922-11-26

The invisible empire might be
spared some embarrassment II 1t could
be made illegal for a mischievous or
malicious outsider to impersonate a
ku Klux klanner.
Evening star., 1922-11-26

disreputable looking fiivver and start
ed to drive them to his home. Hai'-
way there the car broke down. and
Charlie fused about for three-quar-
! ters of an hour apparently trying .,
iix it. When they were beginning %
&c, uneasy and annoyed. Doug Fat
banks Rolls Royce rolled up a;d
| carried them off in state. as p:,-
arranged by Charlie-his own idea "'
joke on them.
PronouscinE the Faseisti.
|MI1TH its large Italian popula,iorF
w New York is gradually being
corrected into pronouncing fascist"
properly. The "c'' in the word ;
sounded as soft "ch" as in other
Italian words like cello" and "Cenci."
and the final 'i'' has the sound -
zee" Another word with which the'
metropolis is struggling Is the nam"
of the Czech playwright. who has
two OF the seasons successes. ''Tts
World We Live In" and "R. L. u
A friend from Prague tells me tha'
the name of Karl Kapek is prr-
peck"
PicturinE the Tiger.
EVERYBODY in the city was Gag.
II to see Ciemenceau. and seats {"
the Metropolitan opera House for r
only speech last Tuesday were cage
ly sought, in most cases in vaii
Everybody who has seen him marve
at his vigor. for he is eighty ON
Short, heavy bodied. his tanned. wriu
kled face has almost Mongolian
cast. A gray felt hat hides his bald.
ness. He has bushy gray eyebrow
and an unkempt gray mustach. Hs
face in repose is stern, but soften-
as he smiles. His expressive eyes aT-
light brown. He speaks eXcellcrt
English, and is a forceful phrase-
maker. To the American Legion hc
said: You are the men l want -
see Your thoughts are the ones that
count" He has a sense of humoi.
Asked about American women, h
answered, "At my age all women are
alike Although Jean Lonquet. TIL
French socialist leader lecturine
here, insists that Clemenceau. VIM
happens to be his godfather. does r"-
represent the real sentiment al
France. undoubtedly the Tiger
speeches Will carry great weight wifi
American opinion.