davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
Total ....-..-s5s,s22.25 s61,67o.ss


The other pipeline from the Cat
Creek field to Winnett, owned by the
Montana Independent pipeline COM
pany, made no report of any oil trans
mitted during 1921. It is said by
men in touch with the situation at
Winnett to have carried somewhere
in the neighborhood of $500 barrels
that year, but this figure is uncertain.
Beginning with January, 1922. it SUBJ
mitted reports of oil transmitted as
follows: January, $500 barrels;
February, 5,O33 barrels; March, T.
900 barrels; April, 6,397 barrels; a
total of 24,330 barrels for 1921, this
company's total can be placed in the
neighborhood of 1880 barrels.
The total transmission from the
field by the two companies, with g.
174,1S4 barrels reported in the Is
months ended June 80, 1922, by the
Mutual oil company, the estimated
$500 for the Independent company
last year and the 24,33O barrels re.
ported by the Independent company
for the first four months of 1922
add to the aggregate of 2,202,O14
barrels given in the opening para.
graph of this article.
OF the 853,822 barrels received by
the Mutual company during the first
half of this year 729,414 barrels had
been purchased in the field for that
company and were destined to the
Midwest refinery company's plants al
Greybull or Lowell, Wyo., or to the
refinery owned by the Mutual OF
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22

There are not many Montana men
living today who were in Fort Benton
in the early eos. One of those VINO
was at the head Of navigation ABOUT
the time gold was struck In Grass
hopper and Alder gulches was uncle
Dave O'Keefe, whose death at Mis-
soula occurred recently.
Back In the early cos there were
but few people in Montana, outside OF
the prospector and the occasional
pioneer, who brought their families
into the new country. The principal
place of interest to the proprietor
was the mining camp and they we're
Give" places in those days. OF
course, Fort Benton was q thriving
settlement, where q fur-trading COM
pany had its headquarters, and II be-
ing the head of navigation on the
Missouri river, many of the early
settlers arrived by boat instead OF
coming overland.
"Uncle Dave O'Keefe was one OF
the early pioneers of the state. but
he came from further west, leaving
California and coming here by way
Of The Dalles, Ore, and knows we'll
the Mullan trail as it was cut
through. O'Keefe, too, knew the trail
from what IL now Missoula to Fort
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
HEAVY WHEAT YIELD

A 35-acre field Of Burbank wheat,
owned by Henry Lucier and located
near New Year, in Fergus county, is
showing q yield of around 20 bushels
to the acre. OF course this small
field received extraordinary care and
1t IL not to be classed with the ordin-
airy grain yields. Mr.. Lucier has
made q speciality of cultivating this
grain and five years ago sold all the
seed he could spare at IS q pound.
Charles Cox of Brooks holds the
record for Fergus county for ordinary
winter wheat yield this year 80 far.
His 160-acre field showed an average
of SSH bushels, which Is Is bushels
higher than any Of the big yields thus
far reported.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22

More than 2,202,014 barrels of oil
have been produced in the Cat Creek
field according to reports filed with
the state public service commission.
by pipeline companies operating in
that district.
During 1921 the Elk Basin Consoli-
dated Petroleum company transport
ed 1,312,513 barrels of oil, hitting
low point in its record in March of
that year when only 3O,33S barrels
were put through the line, and the
peak for 1921, or for the first six
months of 1922 for that matter,
with 160,912 barrels in August.
Beginning with January Of this
year the Mutual Oil company sue
ceeded the Elk Basin consolidated
and for the first six months of 1922
it has reported at total of 861,67O
barrels. The high spot in the trans
mission Of crude oil through this
company's line this year was reported
for June, when it reached 157,616
barrels.
The reports to the public service
commission show both the amount of
oil delivered to the pipeline COM
pany each month and the amount
transmitted by 1t to Winnett. The
figures for the Mutual company's
pipeline for the first half Of 1922
are as follows:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
DEATHS LESS IN 1922

The total number of deaths from
communicable diseases in Montana
for the first seven months in 1922
does not quite equal the number for
the same period in 1921, according
to the monthly health review issued
by DR.. w. f. Cogswell, secretary Of
the state board Of health. Reduc-
tions of measles and whooping cough
deaths are the only noticeable items,
all other diseases showing increase of
fatalities. While these increases are
not great. yet they indicate need for
greater vigilance on the part of
health officers, physicians. teachers
and parents, the report urges, for the
opening of public schools this month.
For the first seven months of 1922
there were 334 deaths In Montana
from communicable diseases. For the
same period in 1921 there were 33s
deaths.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
"uNCLE DAVE 0'KEEFE WAS AT
FORT BENTON lM EARLY COS

the matter as far as OKeefe was
concerned, but It would not get him
the suit of clothes he wanted to take
along.
well. you see it is this way" he
replied. my brother and I are in
together in this matter. and he might
bring the potatoes over. ! could not
guarantee that they would come, II
ne brought them and we had no con-
tract, for he might sell to someone
else, perhaps for more money. II
we have this agreement, he will live
up to it."
He. knew that his brother would
deliver the potatoes just as we'll as
himself and would be just as true to
the verbal agreement as II It were in
writing. but at the same time he
wanted to get the suit of clothes out
of Matt Carroll.
He explained to Riplinger that he
did not want to leave any shadow of
doubt in the buyers mind, and that
settled it The contract was drawn
up.
A few minutes later O'Keefe was
back at the Carroll-Steele store and
showed the contract to Carroll. The
latter read 1t, grinned and told the
chief clerk to ''give Dave the best
suit in the store" Carroll at that
time was negotiating for potatoes for
half the price for which O'Keefe was
delivering them to Riplinger.
However, in those days 1t was no
small matter to deliver 5000 pounds
CT potatoes or 5000 pounds Of any
thing else from what is now Missoula
to Fort Benton. The Mullan trail
was all that there was to travel over,
houses were few and far between and
the 330-mile trip had to be made by
bull team. Six houses were all that
dotted the road from Missoula to
Fort Benton, four of which were be-
tween the present site of Missoula
and Helena.
The country was open, not a fence
along the way, and is quite a contrast
to the trip of today, for it took from
Ii to 20 days to get through, and
when "Uncle Dave" was ready to
start he left with four wagon loads.
Two of the wagons contained the po-
tatoes, and there was load of cab
bage and one of onions.
Four yoke of oxen were on each
wagon, eight head in all, so the four
wagons required 80 head of cattle.
"Was it necessary in those days to
use oxen? Were there no horses
which could be used?" "Uncle Dave
was asked.
Me FRIEND" replied the old gen.
tleman, ut was useless to try to use
horses in those days, the Indians
would steal them from you, and the
Blackfeet and Piegan tribes were
dangerous. They were on the war.
path"
The trip was made to Fort Benton
without incident, but on the way they
heard some shooting and learned thai
the Indian party that they saw in the
distance had killed two Mexican trap
pers.
The writer was interested in know
ing what was taken along for fee,
for the bull teams, considering tina
each wagon had eight head, blu
O'Keefe assured him that the animal
Ted on the grass along the way an,
kept fat on the trip.
Ibid you wear the new suit o
clothes home from Fort Benton?
mo, indeed. I brought it home II
a burlap sack. That was a dusty tri
and the wagon had to be grease,
often, and I wanted to keep the sui
for Sunday best"
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
CAPTURE THREE OF
BAD BANDIT GANG
ALLEGED POsTOFFICE ROBBERs
BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN
WORKING OVER STATE.
Ono Il Shot In Head While nrAct Of
Breaking PostoffiCo Safe 1t Supe.
flor and Escapes, But II Later Ar.
rested With His Companions and
10 Held for Trial.

Recent capture Of three men caught
IN the act Of robbing the safe In the
postoffice at Superior, Mont. may
lead to the breaking up Of what 10
believed to be by postal officials an
organised band Of postoffice robbers
who during the last two months and
. half are accused Of burglari1ing al
most . dozen postal safes. They are
believed to have maintained their
headquarters In Butte and operated
on q statewide basis.
An ex-convict from Butte 10 re-
ported by postal authorities to be the
leader Of the gang which since June
Is has secured loot that will total
several hundreds Of dollars. The
three men were captured ct Superior
after one Of their number had been
shot through the head. The wounded
man gave the name Of Charles Ray.
His companions say they are Frank
Dupree and william Smith.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
STORY OF THE ORGANIZATION
OF SOCIETY MONTANA PIONEERS

In July, 1884, call was published
by ]. r. Wilson, newspaper man of
Dillon, and signed by many old-tim-
ers from various parts of the then
Montana territory, for meeting of
pioneer citizens who were residents
OF Montana at the date of the crea-
ton of the territory, May 26, 1864, to
be held September 10, 1884, at Hell
ena. At the latter date large gath
ering of pioneers assembled, with
Samuel T. Hauser presiding. Colonel
Wilbur F. Sanders explained the pur-
poses of the society which it was pro-
posed to organize. Thereafter a con-
stttution and bylaws were adopted
and the following officers were
elected:
President, James Fergus: vice
presidents, w. w. DeLacy, Granville
stuart. Joseph A. Browne, James NJ.
Armour. Thomas H. Irvine, John Pot
ter, H. H. Mood, Conrad Kohrs, P. w.
McAdoo, Enoch H. Wilson, Caleb E.
Irvine. c. p. Higgins; corresponding
secretary. w. F. Sanders; recording
secretary. George w. Irvine; treas
urer. Samuel T. Hauser.
The following day the organization
was completed by the signing of the
constitution by about two hundred
and sixty pioneers of Montana. These
included virtually every resident of
prominence then living. Among the
stgners was q venerable Catholic
priest. Father William Classens, who
accompanied Father DeSmet to the
Flathead country in 1871.
Two years later, in August, 1886, a
change in the qualification for men,
bership was adopted, allowing pio-
neers who had become residents of
Montana prior to December 81, 1868,
to become members of the society.
Although attempts had been made to
extend the date to a later one, the
rule has never been changed.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22

only to crack the top of the huge safe
sufficiently that the two bandits
could peer through q huge crack and
powder gone, they we're compelled to
see more than 100000 inside. Their
abandon their attempt.
A few days later Howard was cap.
tured In q shack on South Main
street by Police Chief Murphy, who
was then detective. When Chief
Murphy entered the building he was
greeted by Howard with a drawn re.
volver. One shot was fired by the
robber with no effect before he sub.
mitted to arrest.
Howard then confessed to his part
in the attempted robbery and also
implicated Cole, who was also cap.
tured few days later by the chief
as he was walking down East Galena
street. From these men they learned
the identity Of their two companions
who were arrested in Helena.
Murphy Rewarded.
For his part in the arrest and con.
viction of the two men, Chief Muir.
ply received q reward from the rail.
roads and the state amounting t.
$500.
The gang of postoffice robbers
have confined their efforts almost
entirely to small towns, where there
is little or no police protection during
the night.
The same means of entering the
safes were employed in each instance
When the postmaster opened his Of
flee for business some morning It wa.
to find that during the night the com
bination had been blown off and tn,
bolt driven back through the safe
thereby allowing the thieves to opeI
the door.
Since June Is the postoffice safe,
have been robbed in the following
towns: Essex, Wolf Creek, Lima
Ellsworth. Ravaln, Dayton and DO
nita. while an attempt was mad,
against the one at Superior.
Additional arrests are expected II
the next few days, the officers havin,
discovered Butte angle to the case
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22

Discovery Of live grasshoppers, the
first ever reported from famous
0rasshopper glacier In the mountain
region north Of Yellowstone park,
was made last week by q party Of
Laurel people who visited the glacier
and brought back specimens Of both
the dead insects which are Embedded
in the ice and the live hoppers found
on the surface. The discovery. made
at an altitude Of 11,400 feet which
IL more than two miles above the sea
level, throws new light on the pres
ence of millions of grasshoppers
frozen into the glacier, which has
been the objective Of numerous scien-
tific expeditions seeking an explana-
ton Of the phenomenon. The party
visiting the glacier from Laurel in
cluded Mr.. and Mrs. G. T. Tharlalson
and Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Perry.
Scientists Puzzled.
Numerous explanations have been
advanced by scientists for the pres
ence Of grasshoppers frozen in the
ice. Among the theories is one that
during prehistoric period great
clouds Of insects attempted to pass
over the continental divide at that
point and, striking the cold of the
high altitude, fell upon the ice and
were buried beneath subsequent falls
of snow. According to this they re-
NAMED frozen through thousands OF
years, at last brought to light by the
melting Of top layers of ice. Learned
men acquainted with the peculiar
features of bugs In general, have pro-
nounced the frozen grasshoppers OF
type not now existing and evidently
belonging to some remote period.
Blown There by Wind
| Discovery of the live hoppers by
the Laurel people may lead to adop-
ton of new theory. The visitors
found a very strong wind blowing
through the mountain pass in which
the glacier is situated and apparently
the live insects were carried there
from a lower altitude by the wind
The hoppers in the glacier, therefore
may be the result of a constant &C.
cumulation. That they are there and
in a frozen state, to the number OF
millions, is undeniable.
| Find New Lake
While in the mountains the Laurel
party became acquainted with a new
lake, just formed by two landslides
which damned stream. The slides
also covered a portion of the trail to
the glacier, making travel very diff.
cult. Automobiles were used as faI
as roads would permit, horses were
next used and when travel became
too difficult for the animals the re-
mainder Of the journey was made or
foot. In ascending the glacier the
members of the party were tied to-
gether with long rope. They declare
the most wonderful scenery in the
world exists in the country visited.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22

company at Cowley, Wyo. OF the
other 124, 900 odd barrels transport
ed to Winnett through the Mutual
pipeline for others about a quarter
was eventually purchased by that
company and sent to Wyoming. The
other three quarters were divided
among five refineries in Montana.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
A NEW OIL LAMP FREE
Burns OAK Air

y. r. johnson, 600 w. Lake St.. Chicago,
H.. the inventor Of a wonderful new oil
lamp that burns o. per cent air and beats
gas Or electricity. 10 offering to give one
free to the first user In each locality who
will help introduce It. Write him for par
ttculars. Agents wanted.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
LIVE HOPPERS ON
FAMOUS GLACIER
MYSTERY OF INSECTS EMBEDDED
IN ICE MAY BE SOLVED BY
w RECENT DISCOVERY.

Believed That 0rasshoppers Found 1t
Elevation Of More Than Two Miles
Above Sea Level North Of Yellow.
stone Park Were Carried There BY
Heavy Winds.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1922-09-22
OIL PRODUCED BY
CAT CREEK 1921
FERGUS FIELD GAVE UP 2, 200, OF
BARRELS IN PAST
n MONTHS.

Mutual OIL Company, Which Was the
Old Frantx, Gets the Lions Share;
Independent Line Carried About
$500 Barrels in 1921; Refinery
Reports.
Pueblo chieftain., 1922-02-20
CONTINUED INCREASE SHOWN
IN TENANT FARMING IN U. s,

WASHINGTON. p C. Feb. 10
Tenant farming In thu United States
IL growing faster than census figures
on tho number Of farms would indi-
cate. according to a statement issued
hv the United states Department of
Agriculture. II is pointed out that
the Increase In acres rented. since 1910.
has been 20 per cent. as compared with
an Increase OF IL rcr cent for the pre-
eoGlng decade. and that the increass
n value OF land rented has been III
per cont. as against l7S. while the in
crsasr In number OF farms rented has
been but 4 per cent. an against is for
tn. ~ yesre 1870 TO 1910.
In tho light OF thi, analysis depart
mont economists fail to sc. any pros
peci OF carly solution OF the farm ten
ancy problem in the mere fact that the
rate OF increase In number OF farms
rented is falling off.
Tho tenure OF American farm real
crtate can not correctly be stated
merely In terms OF number OF farms,
said Or. c. l. Stewart. economist tn
Pueblo chieftain., 1922-02-20
SMALL FARMER NOT AS HARD
HIT AS HIS BIGGER BROTHER
1t Is the One-Crop Farmer Who Is Doing Most Of the
Wmcmg, Says Experts.

The average small farmer who con-
stitutes. the vast majority of the 6,00O,-
900 tillers of the soil in this coun-
try Is not SO hard hit as the calamity
cry going the rounds would lead the
rest of the people to think, in the
opinion of some of the big dealers in
farm properties.
1t is the one-crop farmer who is
doing most of the wincinG these ex-
perts say. They put their money in
high priced land and depended on
grain, cotton, tobacco or live stock
They have been up against it pretty
hard: but the small farmer with his
diversified crops is getting along
pretty we'll.
The notion that the whole farming
population of tho United States is
down in the dumps because the big
one-crop growers have voiced their
complaints so cmphatically is char
acterIzed by e. A. Strout, President
of the Strout Farm Agency, Inc. as
"a false impression"
What is undoubtedly true OF a
certain class of farmers has been made
to appear as true of all engaged in
farming" said Mr.. Strout. The aver
age small farmer is pretty we'll oft
when compared with men in almost
I any other industry in the country to-
day There arc good many families
| in the cities and industrial towns
whose wages have given them a
| mighty scant living in the past year.
'As compared with them the farm
| err producing diversified crops. which
is truc of the majority. is in a pretty
comfortable position.
The high cost OF labor cuts a very
small figure where he is concerned. for
| only per cent of all tho farms in
| this country employ hired labor.
"On tho average dairy farm there
d ra al iUh
practically all the work Ia done by
members OF the owners family.
good deal of the feed for tho stock
IL produced on tho farm and. in ad-
dition to the dairy products. he gem
orally has eggs. poultry. etc, that can
bc sold as readily in the local markets
as can milk. cream and butter.
| Il know OF ono farm In Orange
County. New York which keeps ten
cows and 1900 hens which produced
Pueblo chieftain., 1922-02-20

HERE is A SMALL but con-
venient cottage featuring two bed
rooms with private baths on the
second floor. II the owner wished
to he could rent the two front bed
rooms with the bath between as q
small apartment (preferably as a
bachelor apartment). and in that
way help out with expenses. or
course, only q very small family
could do without the two front
bed rooms. but in case of Just .
newly married couple or = mother
and daughter, the sewing room
could very easily be made into a
bed room.
On the frst floor one finds the
living room, dining room, kitchen.
coat closet and service porch. The
living room has an attractive wide
window. also an open fireplace and
in the dining room we hnd re-
ceased scat. Dutch windows and a
built-in sideboard. French doors
between tho living room and din
ing room add considerably to the
charm OF the lower door. The ar
rangement OF the kitchen seems to
the writer to be particularly note.
worthy but. of coursk. tho owner
could change any of this to suit
his or her own taste. Personally.
We liked instantly the sink inst
beneath the window and the cup
boards for the dishes and pots and
pans on either side. - this aF-
Pueblo chieftain., 1922-02-20

land economics. In discussing these
figures. In most sections farms op-
Grated BY tenants differ in size and
value from those operated by owners
Moreover there arc largo areas of
rented land farmcd by so-calicd part
oHnerS-mcn who own farms and
rent additional land. This land II not
accounted for In figures for tenant
farms. In 1870 this part-owner ten
ancy involved ss,ooo.coo acres. which
added TO the ,sS. coo. 900 acres reported
In tenant farms swcils tho total OF
rented land to s5&. OK, 900 acres. and tho
valuation from &:<. 900, %, 900 to about
32s .ooo. .ocn. 900 In 1890.
"On this basis renters operated ~
per cent OF the farm lands OF the Unit
ed States in 1920. representing ~ per
cent OF the improved farm acreage and
~ per cent OF the total valuation Of
the land. both improved and unim-
proved. wha, this means can best be
r~aliz.d when II IN pointed out that
tenant farmers rent land equal TO the
combined area Of Texas. Illinois, Iowa.
Arkansas Michigan. Wisconsin. and
Florida that the rented improved land
alone equals sir times the area Of 1ili-
nos and the unimproved land rented
equals moro than the entire area OF
France.
I'm poiu, OF acreage Of all land
! leased, both Delaware and Illinois
have long since pse~d the halfway
, mark and IN improved land rented the
halfway mark has now been passed
hN Alabama. Georgia, Iowa. Kansas
MisSiysippl oklhoms. South Carolina.
South Dakota. Texas. and Washington.
, In value Of farm real estate rented.
Illinois. Oklahoma. Mississippi. and
South Dakota show percentages above
80. Tn. highest percentage OF tenancy
shown by any state. on tho basis OF
improved acreage. is 5a.s for Georgia
while the highest oil tho basis OF Nalu-
alton is sos. for Illinois"
The va.,neSs Of the area Of farm
lands under lease. and the seriousness
OF tho problem or farm tenancy. are
ompha.iz~d when Il Is pointed out
that. II all tn. half billion dollars made
available to borrowers thru tho Fed
crsl Farm Loan system during tn"
part year. had been used 70 finance
,ensrts in buying farms dn-tead of the
5 per cent actually thus used. II would
have covered with first MORTGAGES les
than rer cent Of the fss.Vco,co".oeo
worth OF land now operated by ten-
ants.