Pueblo chieftain., 1922-03-13
BY A. l.. QUAINTANCE.

l
ceedingly abundant and destructive in
| many orchards in the Bentonville,
Ark, section, and growers state they
are unable to adequately control the
! pest with the usual dormant tree
treatments with lime-sulphur spray.
/ While the Bureau Of Entomology be-
| licVes that thoro spraying with DORM
ant tree strength of lime sulphur will
| control the San Jose scale, yet to meet
| the desire of orchardists for other than
| lime-sulphur treatments, a number of
| experiments with sprays We're under
| taken, The purpose of the present
article is to call attention to results
| secured in the trea tment of the scale
by the use of a spray containing per
| cont of lubricating or engine oil emul-
sificd with potash fish oil soap.
| Tho careful experiments In Florida
. by w. w. Sothers with various sprays
| for the control of citrus scale insects
and the orange white fly, as published
in Farmers Bulletin 933 and elsewhere,
| resulted in formula of enEine-ol
STRAY which has been found remark
ably effective in view of the small
amount of oil used. namely. per cent,
| omulsified with potash fishoil soap.
| MI. Yothcrs found that any one of
| several oils OF tho lubricating type,
when thoroughly emulsificd and used
| at tho dilution indicated, was quite ef-
| fective against these scale insects and
the white fly, and these sprays have
| now como into large commercial use in
| Florida.
| The surprising efficiency of spray
| containing such "A low per cent of oil
suggested the desirability of testing
sprays of this character against the
| San Jose scale. The abundance and
| destructiveness of the scale in the Ben
| tonville section of Arkansas and the
! desire of growers for other than lime
| sulphur sprays. has offered excellent
| opportunity for testing various dilu-
tions OF engine oil sprays against this
pest. The experiments were carried
| out by A j. Ackerman, of the Office
| of Deciduous Fruit Insect lnvestiga-
| tions, and have included tests of lu-
| bricating oils OF a strength of from u
! per cent to per cent or per cent.
| thoroughly cmulsified with potash fish
| oil soap. The results showed prac
tically complete killing of the scale by
| one thoro application of the spray OF
| a strength as low as per cent of oil.
Orchardists have been SO pleased with
the results that the 2 per cent oil
spray will be extensively used In their
present necessity OF bringing the pest
under subsection.
A point yet to be established In con-
ncction with the present experiments
is the possible injury OF the oil spray
which may result to the trees. twigs.
or fruit buds. and several seasonS ex-
perience will be necessary before a
| final decision on this question can be
reached. In view OF the experience in
Florida In spraying citrus trees in
| foliage with / per cent OF oil. 1t Is felt
| that dormant deciduous trecs will
probably stand without injury one
annual treatment containing ? per cent
| of oil.
| In order that entomolosists who de-
Lott ~ do 70 . NJ
| treatment the present winter, and also
| to render the treatment available to
| orchardists who may wish to test II
| on Il small scale, the following direc-
tions for making tho stock emulsion
arc given.
FORMULA FOR STOCK EMULSION
Red Engine OH, or oil OF similar
| Rrado OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. gallon.
| Water ...... NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. do. y
| Potash Fish oil Soap Pound. l
The oil. water. and soap are placed
| In n kettle or other rccptacle and heat
| cd until the contents como to n boil.
| brown scum appears on the surface Of
| the mixture as 1t first begins TO boil
After boiling for few minutes the
| brown scum begins to disappear and
at this stage the kettle Is removed
| from the fire and the entire mixture is
pumped twice under pressure OF about
SO pounds whilo still very hot. a
| proper CmhlSlNn can not ne Hldu' ny
stirring nor should the mixture be al
lowed to cooi before 1t is pumped. TOO
much pumping will often break up the
emulsion. During pumping, ordinary
pump packing is burnt up rather
| quickly by tho hot oil mixture. For
making. tho stock emulsion on a large
scale an all-metaI pump would be
, necessary.
The stock emulsion contains Sc "a
| per cent of oil. To make a per cent
| emulsion for use In 2oo-gallon spray
| tank II is necessary to uSe gallons of
| the stock emulsion.
Prccaution should ho taken to pro-
vent the stock emulsion from freezing.
| which occurs at temperature OF
about Is degrees +. above zero.
In case difficulty is experienced in
making proper emulsion, due TO
! hardness of the water tho water used
should be sottoned by the addition of
| 1 pound of caustic soda or lye per 100
| gallons OF diluted spray. The caustic
soda should be dissolved in . or . gal
| lons of water and then added to tho
| spray tank and thoroughly stirred,
after which the proper quantity OF
stock emulsion can he added.
! Any one OF the following, or similar
\ oils, may he used. some one or more OF
/ which can doubtless be obtained in
most parts Of the country:
| Diamond Paraffin OIL.
! $50 Red Neutral.
| .Ir. Red Engine OH.
| Naboh oil
| An oil which has given excellent re-
suits in tho experiments herewith re-
ported has approximately the follow
I ing characteristics:
Sp gravity go degrees c. ....."ob
3 Flash point ..............1T3 degrees G.
| Fire point ................20 204 degrees c.
/ Viscosity go degrees c. CEnsler,
| Tl}II, No., r,Tnr1Jn