The Eureka sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1902-current, 1922-03-25

and important that he enter formal
protest before the new wells are on
structed and money expended. II the
new well does not affect the water in
his well and protest has done no
harm and cost no money, but If the
new well should lower the water in
the well of the protestant he then
paved the way for the recovery of
damages. A second advantage OF
pumping is the original cost of the
water right.
Few IL any storage systems are
built where an acre water right is
obtained for less than $50. with most
of them far in excess Of this figure.
Water rights purchased from organ-
lied irrigation companies are also
high. Under most of the conditions
which will be developed for pump
ing in Nevada for a few years to
come, a pumping plant installation
will cost from SIS to $50 per acre.
depending on the cost of the well,
size of the plant and height the wat
er is to be pumped. The comparison
expense of pumping as with gravity
! systems is different. In many cases
the gravity system is cheaper, and the
reverse is likewise rue in many cases
| Night irrigation is also unnecessary
under the normal pumping plan with
the pump operated IL hours a day.
II the pump is operated continuously
the water pumped at night may be
reserved and drawn off the following
day, combining this with the pump
discharge to give a larger irrigation
head. The rotation system of irriga-
ton as practiced in some parts of
Nevada makes half of the users ir-
rigate entirely by night with a re-
sultant poor distribution of water
and loss of crops before the next
eliminated by pumping. Long irri-
cation canals carry weed seeds which
are deposited in the fields with detri-
mental effects. The short bitches of
a pumping plant, which are usually
within the fields irrigated, do away
with this trouble also.
Crops raised, operation cost, rams
p~ortation Of supplies and produce,
and market conditions are some of
the factors which establish the depth
from which water may be pumped
in Nevada and still leave a reason
able margin of profit for the farmer.
Our State is still in the hay, grain
and potato stage of production, and
these are crops which ordinarily do
not bring large returns per acre. This
limits the amount the farmer can ex-
pend for water and still keep out OF
the loss column when the books are
balanced. When pumping the same
quantity of water the cost is almost
directly proportional to the height
the water is raised. A slight variation
of this fact is caused by pipe friction,
1t can readily be seen from this that
the shorter distance the water is
raised the less will be the cost there
of. Except for truck garden and
fruit crops the maximum limit for
pumping lift in Nevada is 80 feet.
There are, of course, special instances
where this may be slightly increased
with the plant located close to a rail-
road and to market and fuel and OPP
Grafton cost below the average. With
the pumping head limited we have
the type of pump for irrigation work
limited very closely to the centrifu-
gal, single runner, which may be eth
err horizontal or vertical, depending
upon local conditions. Plunger OF
cylinder pumps are Of higher eff
cheney, but for pumps of this class
large enough to pump water for irri-
cation the first cost is prohibitive.
They are also slightly more compli-
Gated and require more attention
than the centrifugal. Rotary pumps,
which are in appearance somewhat
like the centrifugal, but which oper-
ate on an entirely different principal,
are adapted more to small quantities
Of water and high heads. The hy-
draulic ram is seldom applicable to
Nevada conditions for pumping irri-
cation water. which same is true of
the air lift.
Those contemplating the installa-
ton Of an irrigation pumping plant
should stick closely to the standard
type Of equipment for both power and
pump. There are a number of en-
gines and pumps on the market which
have been proved satisfactory through
many years of use. and with repu-
table firms backing the puarantaaa