davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-07-16

the African elephant. While the Afri-
can elephants attain larger bulk
than the other class. they are not to be
seen as a rule in shows or parks In
fact, nearly all of the elephants that
are to be seen in circuses are from
India. or belong to that class. The
elephant of Sumatra is much priced
by collectors and specimens make ex-
'cellent pets for ZOOS.
TN 1919 two young Sumatra ele-
plants were purchased by friends
of the children of this city and
presented to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. These pets at the time Of their
arrival were two and two and a
half years old. and measured forty
two and forty-five inches in height.
They retain their Malayan names of
Hitam (black) and Kechil (smalD.
The little African elephant that was
brought from Egypt by Headkeeper
Blackburne, in 1913. measured only
ifty-one inches when she arrived in
Washington. She was named Jum-
bina, probably the feminine of
Jumbo, the elephant of which SO much
was written several decades ago and
which was said to have been the
largest elephant ever shown in cap
tivity. Jumbo measured nearly eleven
feet at the shoulder. Jumbina is
representative of the same Abyssinian
race.
|, Near the elephants are the Brazilian
tapirs. One of the pair has presented
nine little ones since 1908. The Of
spring have, been sent to different
geological gardens in this country.
Representatives of the horse fam
lily are the wild Mongolian or
Przewalskfs horse and two specie OF
zebra The latter are spunky little
animals. and while others Of their
class have been broken to harness
they are too uncertain or tempera-
mental to be used as family coacn
horses. Those who have driven them
minds to go in a certain direction
there is not the slightest chance OF
changing their direction.
The third :hild Of the hippopota-
mus Is now enjoying the summer
months by strolfing around with her
rather portly and quite ungracefui
mother. The little hippo" was born
April 81 Of this year. and is already
much too largo to be wheeled in q
modern-dAy baby carriage. The
mother weighs about $500 pounds and
the youngster is steadily forging
ahead to large poundage. Mother
and baby both like and demand at
tention from the keepers and SO Tar
both have been very docile. The
father does not possess the same
amiable disposition as does his spouse
and his temper is easily ruined. Al
though he ID possessed Of large bulk,
he can turn quickly and charge ~
great speed, Some day whom you are
visiting q circus. note the billing OF
Ia strange animal as the blood
Iswsating bshemoth." The so-cailed
"blood sweat" = an odd-oolored se-
Evening star., 1922-07-16

fallow deer. the axis deer or chital
and the rusine or oriental deer, and
one must not fail to mention those
from the Philippine archipelago. The
swamp deer, or barasingha, and the
little Japanese deer are also shown.
The graceful and feet antelope is
represented by numerous species.
The antelopes have heated quarters
in winter. The American antelope. or
pronghorn, is also shown, although
1t belongs to separate family. 1t
is regretted that a society to care
for the few remaining antelopes Of
this species has not been formed. for
unless such a move is made and at
a date not far distant, outside of a
few geological gardens the American
antelope will soon be but memory
There are several exhibits Of sheep
and goats. ana the one that attracts
the greatest attention is the Rocky
mountain sheep, or bighorn, some OF
which are to be found in tho wild
state in Alaska.
THE herd of American bison was
L secured from different sources
and it is kept at approximately seven
teen head, the surplus stock oeing
exchanged to other parks Owing to
the fact that combined efforts were
made a number of years ago to pre-
serve the species, there is little dan-
ger that the American ruminant VIII
become extinct. Messrs. Cody (Bu1alo
BID and Bailey contributed seven
bison in 1904, and other game lovers
have Contributed to the herd at Varl-
GUS times.
The wax, a native Of the very high
mountains of central Asia, is Pc
culiar-looking animal. and, while II
nav he related to the bison, the
spread of horn is much greater ana
it's coat Is far different, being COM
posed of long, curly hair. The water
hufralo. or carabao, from the Philip
pines. which sometimes grows to an
immense size, is not a work OF beauty
and those who have driven them In
our, insular possessions are not keen
about them, as Ill ehO A
hurried journey-that fs, hurried to
the extent of about three miles an
hour = the animal generally about
every hour makes for the nearest
water or mud hole and proceeds to
get thoroughly cooled on before con-
senting to resume the journey.
Il - +
THE Primates. which includes the
1 lemurs. monkeys and apes. are
well represented. OF this class the
lemurs are the most nocturnal and
are not closely related to the other
forms of Primates. Some have long
tails; others have none at all. Among
the other Primates are to be 1ouno
the marmosets. some Of whom nave
silky coats and brilliant coloringq
These come from tropical America
Then you see the different kinds Of
monkeys, from the sort that P1etre
has ON string while he plays the
| organ outside OF your window on tn
very morning that you waut to sleeT
Evening star., 1922-07-16

cretion of the skin of the hippopota-
mus.
THE modern day species Of boars
probably descended from the
wild boar Of Europe. the hunting OF
which proved favorite sport for
kings in the days when kings were
more popular than they are today.
The wart hog is not work OF
beauty, but makes an interesting ex-
hibit. The peccary, the American
representatives of the pig family. Is
found wild from Texas southwark,
and wonderful stories have been told
Of the ferocity of this animal. Some
scientists, however, say that the ma
jority of these tales have increased In
the telling.
The popular conception. of the camel
is that It is . beast of burden only
in a country abounding with hot
desert sands. but the -two-humped
camel (camel bactrianus) has been
used for years in the cold barren
steppes of Siberia. The dromedary or
Arabian camel is the one that is used
as a saddle and pack animal in north
ern Africa A number of years ago a
drove of seventy-five camels Of this
species was brought to the. United
States and some Of those that es-
caped, together with a few of their
young, were found in a wild state in
the deserts of Arizona and Nevada
up to about 1908, when the last one
was killed. The wild llama or, as 1t
is sometimes called, the guanaco, is
found mostly in herds from Ecuador
to southern South America. ranging
from sea level to great attitudes in
the Andes. It is really a member of
the camel family.
A LII Of the visitors to theNz are
attracted to the deer. as they are
Of most appealing nature. being
graceful and mild of manner. There
are here fifteen species. of the deer
family. The annual shedding of the
antleEs is an event that never fails
to draw throngs to the paddocks. and
many who have never seen a deer fn
the velvet" will witness q most in
teresting sight when the shedding
time arrives, which issafter the rut-
ting season. 1t Is remarkable to note
how quickly the antlers form. In
Siberia the maral. or native elk, are
kept In large numbers merely for the
gaining Of the antlers. The wapiti. ol
American elk. while not as large az
his brother, the moose. is far more
graceful and better proportioned
Numeo6s herds of these are being
| cared for in diffeent parts OF the
United States, the greatest number
| being in the Yellowstone National
Park. OF late some have been ship.
Eped to eastern parts of the country
q fine herd being located on ar
estate outside of Allentown. Pa In
| the zoo are also the Bedford Oh
Manchurian stag. and the Whitehall.
ed or Virginia deer. This II prob.
ably the best known big game anima'
In the country. There are also thu
Evening star., 1922-07-16

proper, or Fissibedia, which includes
cats. civets, hyenas, dogs. raccoons.
weasels and bears, together with
their allies; the other. the Pinnipedia,
comprises seals. sea lions and walrus.
The teeth, while varying in size and
construction, are in these animals
highly developed for the process of
tearing and cutting flesh and of
crushing bones.
While listed under the head of car
niverous, some of these species sub
sist chiefly upon fruits and insects.
striking examples Of this type being
the black and brown bear. 1t is also
fact that carnivores at times eat
more or less vegetable food. and some
of the smaller species are largely
insectivorous. The largest of the
living carnivores is the great brown
bear Of Kodiak. Alaska; the smallest
the least weasel.
The Pinnipedia are divided into
groups, such as hair seals or harbor
seals; the sea lions and the walrus.
Hair seals have no external ears, and
their hind legs are SO placed and
modified as to be useless for walking
on land. The "flippers," which pro-
trude backward. are used in the
nature of tail in swimming. The
sea lions or the sea bears have ex-
ternal ears, and their hind legs are
employed in walking on land. In
cluded in this group is the famous
fur seal.
THE African lion is the most popu-
lar among the cats" 1t has a
massive head. full name and a long
! tufted tail. Contrary to the ordinary
belief, lions thrive in captivity. and
develop much finer names of soft and
| luxuriant hair than Is usually found
| on the animal in its original wild
state. Captivity here also tends to
darken the coat of hair. 1t may be
| due to the peculiar atmosphere of
Washington.
The tiger runs close second to the
lion in popular interest and is the
jungle kings nearest rival in the
| matter of size and strength. 1t is an
| inhabitant of Asia, running from
| southern Siberia to Java and Bali and
as far westward as Persia. The
Bengal tiger is the one most COM
monty seen in menageries. Its coat is
short and it is much inferior to the
| Manchurian tiger of the north. Neither
Of these species, however, can equal
| in beauty the Annoy tiger, living
specimens Of which are extremely DIFF
ficult to obtain.
| Another cat that is an object OF
much interest at the Zoo is the leop-
ard. sort of a second cousin to the
| jaguar OF America. both Of whom are
spotted cats. While the leopard is not
as stocky an animal as the 5aguar. II
4 Is larger than many Of the smaller
/ specimens of the American species
| The jaguar is found in Argentina
from there northward to Mexico, and
in some parts OF Texes and New
Mexico.
In the western states the puma II
Evening star., 1922-07-16

enough. just before the patience Of
the children had become exhausted,
the monkeys began to chatter.
The little tots were all eagerness
and listened attentively. Finally,
when the chatter had ceased, they
declared that they had understood
just what the little inmates of the
cage said. They may have solved the
problem that Prof. Garner set for
himself when he spent many long
months in the jungle. trying to find
out for science II monkeys do really
have a language of their own.
1t is not alone the youngsters that
are interested in watching the little
imps. The grown-up folks appear to
take as much interest in the monkeys
as do the juniors. Men folks also pay
much attention to the lions, while the
members of the fair sex appear to be
interested in any animal that has a
young one. The attention of the kid
dies is just about evenly divided be-
tween the monkeys and the lions. An
attendant told about a little fellow
who watched the big lion for hours,
moving from side to side. and when
asked why he was so interested he
said that he had been reading about
Daniel and wanted to see If lions
were really bad animals.
r n X \:
THE class commonly known as ami
mails Is scientifically known as
mammals and Is distinguished from
other vertebrates by certain super
fetal characteristics. Animals are briefly
defined technically as warm-b -blooded
vertebrates and with glands in the
female for the secretion of milk for
the nourishment Of the young. This
class offers a great range in variety
and size. general appearance and
mode of life. The mammals are sub
divided into classes as follows: Ungu-
lates (hoofed mammals), primates
(apes. monkeys and lemurs). rodents
(gnawing animals), carnivores
(hesh -eaters) and marsupials (pouch-
ed mammals). OF the first mentioned
class there are four further subdivi-
sions-the Proboscidea (elephants),
Hyracoidea (hyraxes). Perissodactyla
(horses, tapirs and rhinoceroses) and
the Artiodactyla (cattle, sheep. ante
lopes, deer, camels. swine and hippo
potamuses). The third class is call
ed the "odd-toed" ungulates, owing to
the fact that they generally have an
uneven number of toes. For example.
the horse has One functional toe and
the rhinoceros has three. The taptr.
however. has four toes on the fore
limb, but only three behind. The Artio-
dactylae are known as the ''even-
toed" ungulates. and have either two
or four toes on each foot.
To some people elephants are Just
| elephants. but there are many points
Of difference between the Indian and
the African elephant. a noticeable
mark being the difference in the sise
Of the ears, the African having much
tho larger OF the two. Elephants are
divisible into . number of forms,
with at least eleven subspecies Of
Evening star., 1922-07-16

CTAND, some day, In front OF the
cages of the monkey house ana
you will be apt to take issue with
w. J. B., for many Of these little
creatures are intensely human In their
actions, and you can. by slight
stretch of your Imagination. deduce
lust what they are saying and think
ing. It is rare sport to watch the
children view the antics OF the
monkeys and to hear the shrill cries
of delight as some monkey performs
some funny stunt. more especially II
the antic Is directed against . fell
low simian. The other day two
youngsters stood for nearly an hour
and waited to hear one of the
monkeys talk. A keeper explained
that some one had told the boys that
IL they were good they would some
day hear . monkey talk. and sure
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-06-02
Hoover Getting Results

a I the full conference with coal operators
Hnow producing. Secretary Hoover secured
definite results in separate agreements
limiting mounting prices of coal ut the
mines III large areas Of nonunion fields.
which are producing virtually all the coal
being taken from the ground since the call
ing OF the strike in union fields on April L.
These agreements were reached: for the
Pocahontss. New River. Tug River and
Winding Gulf fields in Virginia, Il price Of
$3.50 at the mine; for the Harlan. Hazard
and Southern Appalachian fields in Ken
lucky and Tennessee $3.50 at the mine;
tor Alabama fields. the maximum price from
S2.20 10 50 90. The agreements that have
been reached, and those yet to be produced.
are between each operator and Secretary
Hoover. with the latter saying what the fair
price in each district should be- and the
former agreeing to abide by it,
In view of the general tendency toward
price advances the effeCting OF this agree
ment will relieve public apprehension OF
what threatened to precipitate a buyers
panic in advance Of the real pinch OF fuel
scarcity. 1t is an unnecessary apprehension,
as experience during previous strikes proves,
that the market gets from under control
and plays into the hands OF constituencies
protitecrs The available supply OF coal has
never been reduced to the point that justi-
hed the high prices that cnsued as a result
of The scramble to share in its distribution.
While the present strike may continue for
several weeks it is inevitab Bile that a settle
ment between miners and operators in the
union fields will he reached before winter;
otherwise the government would be forced
to step in and take control OF the industry
in the public interest. Its power TO inter
vene TO prevent suffering is above contest.
In the meantime there is considerable
reserve supply above ground. and under the
stimulus OF growing demand and of the fair
price agreements voluntarily subscribed to
by the operators, the output OF nonunon
fields can be greatly augmented
The next step to be taken in the scheme
to limit prices should be an effort TO effect
similar agreements with wholesale and re-
tail dealers associations. The price limits
at the mines will not be materially re-
iiccted in the prices consumers may have TO
pay, unless proiiteering be restricted further
down the line AS explained by Mr. Hoov-
or: with high freight rates. and high cost
of retail distribution, the public has little
appreciation of the secondary part that
prices at the mine play in the ultimate cost
10 the consumer Nevertheless the operator
has in the public mind the primary rcspon-
sbility for the price of coal. and it is with
a view OF meeting that responsibility, in the
public interest and the interest OF the in
dustry that we are here"
SO it is 10 be expected that Mr.. Hoover
will extend his efforts to secure other fair
price arrangements through agencies oper-
ating between tho mines and the consumers.
by which the latter will escape extortion
pending the resumption OF capacity produc-
tion.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-06-02
DEATHS IN VIRGINIA
Mrs. Emma Nichols wilson.

Funeral services for Mrs. Emma
Nichols Wilson. widow of James VII
son. who died at 2:20 O'Clock yes
tcrday morning in her home, 35O3
Chamberlaync avenue, Ginter Park.
after Il long illness. will be con-
Quoted this afternoon ut o'clock
in the Third Presbyterian Church.
Twenty sixth and Broad Streets, the
pastor. Rev. H. j. Williams. otiicat-
ing. Burial viii he in lakewood.
Mrs. Wilson, who was horn Febru-
airy %. 1919. at Exeter. Dcvonshire.
England. has been a resident OF
Richmond since 1872. Her husband.
who was Il well known contractor
here. died in 1900.
She is survived by one daughter.
Mrs. II. Il. Christian. and three sons.
j. Fred ana Charles Hcrber Wilson.
Of Richmond. and Frank Scott Wilson.
of Atlanta, Ga, and several grand
children. She is also survived by six
sistcrs-Mrs. Walter Nichols, Mrs.
Francis Wakeman. of birmingham.
England; Mrs. John kirncr. Miss
Emily Nichols. Miss Clara Nichols
and Miss Ellen Nichols. all Of Lon
don England. and two brothers
William Nichols and John Nichols,
OF Manchester, England.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-06-02
News of Fifty Years Ago

CFrom ;he Richmond Dispatch June . ls72D
Yesterday the delegates TO the Baptist Cen
oral Association in stanton assembled on tho
stems of the church building in which the
meetings being held To have a group
photograph taken by Frazer. Just as the
group had heen gotten in position and Frazer
was just ready to take the picture the steps
gave away under the weight Of divinity and
the whole body went down with them. How
ever was hurt except Rev Charles IL.
Ryland. who right much bruised.
Married: May %. by Rev. C. r Harding
Julian Pucke,t and Ellen p. Chalkley: all Of
Manchester
The Governor Yesterday appointed Edward
y. Price to he inspector OF tobacco for Ran
doIph Warehouse. Farmville, vice s. G. Price.
resigned.
The collections of internal revenue in this
district for the month OF May amounted to
sI55,0e56S.
Junction was made yesterday between the
headings from shafts Nos. and 2. Great BEND
Tunnel on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.
and tho mountain s now pierced from =
face to center. The tunnel is $3.50 feet long.
IL has taken two years and two months to
do the work.
Married: In fredericksburg. tho 2sth
OF May. by Rev. ]. =. Smith. John p. Word
and Annie e.. daughter OF II. d. Genther: all
of fredericksburg.
At the last meeting OF the Presbyterian
Sunday School Union tho following officers
were elected: Charles p. Hill. president; A.
Boiling, c. r Barksdale. Henry Fitzgerald and
George w. Grcttcr vice presidents: w s.
Donnan, -.Ir. secretary
David r. Nunalee has been appointed post
master Mt Ricev,lle. Pittsylvania County vice
Joel Mnthnrly. resigned.
The West Virginia delegation to the Balti-
moro convention are all avowed Greeley &
Brown men,
Summers speech attacking President Gran,
nd Is edu n AT WA e Z
so. hut 30 far tho direct chargoa are con-
cerned, there was nothing new In II
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-06-02
De talera's Reply

/ there had been any question OF the
position with respect 10 the COllinS-De Va
lera agreement. the defiant reply yesterday
made public by De Valera should dispe
the doubt. Mr.. Churchill's threats" said
the rebel leader do not affect US. We deny
tho right OF any English authority 10 pre-
scribe what Irishmen shall and shall not
do"
Clearly, there can be no participation for
De Valera or the faction he represents in
AN Irish government founded on the terms
OF the London treaty. Collins and De Va
Terra. no less Than the British spokesman,
must he aware OF this fact
Regardless OF the merit or worthessness
Of venture such as tho Southern Irish
have IN contemplation il must be recognized
that the experiment marks a complete de
parturo from the Free state plan and neces-
states roopcnng OF the whole question
And that rcopening brings all parties
face 10 face with situation which is as
devoid OF hopeful aspects as one may we'll
imagin" any situation to be There is
simply rcyersion 10 the old point at which
irrcCOnclablo views clashed with neither
sid" prepared to make the Fundamental!
concession necessary TO a solution The
case is no better II not far worse than
when Lloyd George and De Valera were
splitting fire a each other in daily exchange.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-06-02
Health Talks by DR.. Brady
Hot on the Uric Acid Trail.


This uric acid serial opened. as our
astounding assertion that a healthy adult has
about two grains of pure, high grade uric
acid in his blood when he is In good fighting
form This Is very roGrcttabc. of course. 1t
places the healthy individual in most
cnviablc position. II he were entirely honest
he ought 20 he all crippled up and have knobs
and humps all over his uric acid racked body
instead OF being totally uninterested in what
that mysterious old army surgeon found in
Ind!a--or was II tho Sudan-anyhow II was
in a land OF mystery.
Uric acid is derived from two sources in
health. First. from various foods. which
foods. however, are practically Indispensable
in the diet OF live human being: and second.
from the normal mctabolism or oxidation OF
tho body tissues II healthy person cx-
oludes from his diet all food substances from
which uric acid may possibly be derived. his
blood still contains uric acid. and uric acid Is
still eliminated through the kidneys for as long
as the experiment may be continued. \
healthy adult on so-callcd purin-frce diet
chat is diet which contains no uric acid
forming food matcrials) eliminates throuE n
tho kidneys from three to ton grains OF uric
acid each day mighty sorry about this.
army surgeon" In India the Sudan. But
lot us not shed tears for tho old fellow.
Hen get along all rGht-there's victim
Of the rheumatism myth born every three
minutes. at least.