davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18

industry. ITO accept the system OF
rule under a Bureaucracy as conceived
In the plan Of our colleagues would
have defeated the very ideals for which
our organization came into existence '
The Chamber Of Deputies. when II
reconvened in the fall OF 1920 10 con
slider the government plan for "re.
organization OF the railroads in the
common interest" was decidedly pro.
administration. Opposition, moreover
was in a precarious state. due TO the
detection OF NJ Loucheur 10 the project
Of the ministry and the split between
the {. C.. T. and the parliamentary So
cialist group. Upon It's presentation in
final form in the reports Of the com.
missions Of Finance and OF Public
Works. the program was cordially re-
ccived by all wings.
The lie Troquer project was truly a
needed reform. II was we'll adapted 10
the particular needs OF the railroad
system under the abnormal postwar
conditions. II was designed 10 liqui.
date the past, while providing assur.
ance for the future. The guaranty OF
interest was TO be considered as hav.
ing stopped in 1914, the state thus
crasing tho wartime debt. In return
the companies renouneed their claim
for damages due 10 the war. For the
future the new convention proposed 70
unity operation and effect financial
equilibrium. The selfish wartime spirit
Of the private roads convinced the
minister Of the need Of unifying meth
DDS. equipment and rates and CORE.
lating the means Of transport. NJ lie
Troquet's plan achieved this union in
the creation OF committee OF admins.
tration which would be the active
organ OF the common interest Of the
private roads, each preserving its au-
tonomy. but without power 10 contro-
vert the committees decision.
The unity Of lines in this general
railroad policy is assured by a supe.
rior eoureil composed OF representa-
tives Of the railroads. Of their per-
sonnel, and also, in equal number. OF
public interests. This superior coun.
ell would assume the character Of an
independent body interposed between
the government and the private in
terests. The companies and the pub
lie would no longer be exposed 10 the
whims Of a dogmatic minister "a com
mon evil Of the pre-war situation). In
line with alF affairs involving the col
leetivc interests Of the railroads, the
CONTINUED on Page Llasen)
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
Proposition Doomed

The proposition of ". Thomas was
doomed from the moment of its incep-
tion. The G. G.. T., while in accord
with It's broad doctrines. regarded -
as inadequate and preferred 70 sit
tight TIN the more practical measure
being evolved by It's economic council
was perfected. The government. also
az work on o remedial measure. stirred
up powerful opposition. II was intro
duccd in the chamber az time when
the Socialist bloc was in d.srcnute be-
cause of lis uncom promising stand on
the Treaty Of Versailles. The bill re-
ceived q scant f0ur-hour discussion in
committee and was never reported out.
BY this time the program Of the eco
nomic council Of the G. G. T. had
neared completion The ruination Of
the Thomas plan convinced them a the
necessity FOR something more tangible
Their project underwent a radical re-
vision and it was not tin the spring of
1920 that it was published tentatively.
In It's general outlines % proposed
sort Of appropriation Of the private
roads. whose shareholders would be
paid the value Of an equipment and
rolling stock takon ur. Tho state would
then proceed 20 operate f7c lines in one
great system under highly centralized
control. The plan cnvisaCed the crea.
tion of an elaborate administrative ma
chinery Control would bc vested in
a central administrative council con-
sistinC Of representatives, Of the public.
the government. and the personnel.
In order 70 defeat any possible ten
dency toward overcentralization. the
C. G. T proposed 20 establish regional
committees. constituted and operating
along the same lines as the central
body. The unified system would enjoy
strict budgetary autonomy and the
central council might freely administer
all funds voted by Parliament II
would be understood. however. that Oh
surpluses would be devoted 70 lower
railroad rates lntersporsed through
out the entire project were tactful
clauses safeguarding the interests 81
the personnel and insuring a fair de-
gree of hegemony by the G. G. ].
This remarkable document concludes
with the time-worn distinction between
the c. G. T. project and Eiatisme
(direct state controD. which is ana
thema 10 the French workers. There
is a tendency 10 confuse nationaliza-
tion with Etatisme. Protagonists Of
the c. G. 7. plan say nothing could
be further from their minds The
French workers nave always been op-
ponen:s Of government control. They
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
Plan HL-Adopied

The Loucheur plan was clearly Ill
adapted to the needs Of the moment.
What the country needed was an i'm
mediate reorganization and revision,
not an intricate procedure OF purchase
which must entangle the railroads in
years Of useless litigation. No less
distasteful was the provision for close
parliamentary supervision which would
expose the administrative organization
10 all the eIigeneies Of bureaucratic
control. The complex machinery
whereby labor was TO share in the
financial benefits gained a few adher-
ents from the ranks Of the enlightened
working element. They emphasized the
danger Of being submerged in a morass
Of inferior personnel which clearly
would be in prepondersnee In short.
as current writer put IL. "the
Loueheur plan, inundated as II is in an
ocean OF unfavorable features, must
needs be the focal point of a virulent
criticism"
The press-alwsyt powerful factor
In any issue Of general interest-was
unanimous in denouncing the measure
as impraetieable. And with its author
himself practically converted 70 the
opposition, small wonder il was that
the Loucheur project fell misersbly
fiat in the Chamber Of Deputies. That
body-already firmly devoted TO the
program OF the government-refused
even 70 dignity II by a vote.
Ihe-plsr o. the Repubiican.Sociaiiyt
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
Mems Large Stocks

Anothcr phase of the style situation
is thar in the last two Or three sea-
sons IL has not developed along any
we'll defined lines. In other words it
has snread out over range ina, "onId
have been believed impossible fe"
wears ago. Some retailers are carry
inc as many as a hundred or more. dii-
forent styles In womens shoes alone
When II is realized that fairly COM
prehensive size range must be carried
In each style il can be seen that stocks
II the retailer is trying 90 please ms
customer, must be much larger.
The retailers have attempted 20 re-
duce tho risk involved by cutting down
on their size ranges. Except at a few
retail shops that make q specially o.
narrow sizes. small sizes or extremely
large sizes. the woman with a foot
that does not fall into the average
range has some difficulty in being
properly fitted In the size range an
other peculiar development has taken
rlace. Women's feet have grown larger
within the past few years-or, as some
in the trade assert, women no longer
cramp their feet IN shoes that are TOO
small. Az any rate, II Is a fact that
the most popular selling sizes have
idmped from the range comprised IN
sizes 10 : = 90 the range 90 6l7. The
present tendency is toward still larger
sizes, caused primarily by the length
ening OF women's feet through the
wearing OF low heeled shoes, which al
low the foot muscles 10 stretch. The
average retailer according 20 manu-
facturer here. would rather carry size
10 In women's shoes on his shelves than
carry size 3.
Along with the novelty shoe busi-
ness, which has provided the big slim
ulus 70 the women's trade ard is re-
fected TO some extent in the mems
trade. there has come another devel-
opment. in a measure correlated 20 the
novelty business. Il is the growth OF
the or;hopedic shoe business. At pres
ent there are in New York a score or
more shoe stores that cater solely 20
persons who have foot troubles. No
small amount Of this business comes
from the orthopedic doctors, who rec
ommend certain types Of shoes 90 their
patients. but the larger part comes
from those among the general public
who are seeking relief. One OF these
stores sold $3.50 900 worth OF shoes last
year, admittedly a poor year for shoe
retailers.
Style and Comfort
styles for the last two or three
wears" said one shoe manufacturer.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
Demand Naturalization

In the spring Of 1920. at the time
whom the {. G. T. project reached
fruition, the National Federation Of
Railway Workers was a very radical
organization. A distinctly revolution
ary element had gotten - firmly in
hand, It's three big men. Monmousseau,
Levequo and Sarollc. were az the same
time active leaders IN the French fed
Grafton Of anarchists. They had already
succeeded IN instigating several wrsck-
ing strikes IN the first few months OF
1920.
The labor horizon va, thus over.
shadowed when on April II "LAtelier,"
organ Of the {. G. T.. published the
first draft Of the plan prepared by the
economic council. The leaders Of the
railroad federation received the new
program with unconfned delight and
proceeded 20 make II the basis for
radical agitation. As a result the big
strike Of Nay ] centered around the
demand for naturalization.
Meanwhile the Ministry OF Public
Works under the able leadership Of
VI. Le TroQuer had also been elaborat-
ing a project of reorganization. When
the strike began 20 assume alarming
proportions, il was decided 70 publish
the governments tentative plan. Ae-
cordingly. on May II. VI. lie Troquer
submitted the program 20 represent
atiyes Of the FIVE private roads. who
Immediately signed a convention agree
ing 70 its broad terms The next day
u was presented in the Chamber Of
Deputies for preliminary consideration.
The chamber. recognizing the i'm
portance Of sufficient deliberstion, sub
mitted the plan 20 its commissions on
public works and finances for an ex-
haustive study. In the mean time. II
proceeded 10 consider two new projects
for naturalization.
On May %, ". Laueheur, liberal
deputy. with the collaboration o. some
twenty Of his colleagues, presented .
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
Temporary Usefulness

Tic economic corssq qcences 20 the
rtf.a1 ~ the Sct,crats convention
have boon l0 Joss disastrous. True.
tic system cuCcndcrcd period of
l0I.tr road building which, during
tie lIs. ten years after the agree
unt.. led so the construction Of As
ucr cent of Frances railroad lines.
ln s1 Gag as backward regions were
beng developed and national commerce
soat.cl, there was some justification
fcr t1e tremendous expense. But the
construction o. new lines gradually
slowed down. by 1883 the i1ncrmOst
".intai.ad" had already been ex-
plotted Ihcfo was no longer need
30 stimulate further development.
II.m then on the conventions Outlivod
their usefulness.
Tho railroads. left 90 their own de-
vices. began 90 build up powerful in
fcrlnl organizations. The agreements
gave 'ncm complete autonomy Of
technical administration; this autor-
sI. rtc rac 90 that particularist
attitude which heneeforth dominated
tleir activity. Parliamentary re-
f.rmers have been unanimous in de-
fraritue the abolition Of those
dividing walls which isolate the
various systems, vacthcr on thc qucs-
ton Of rates. or Of rolling stock. or
that of signal arrangement.
This absolute lack of coordination
between Che roads has affected adverse
d. the utilization o. personnel and
equipment Because Of the diversity
of frnrs used. vehicles temporarily op-
Grating on another road, which were IN
need OF immediate repair, had 90 be
abandoned. we have seem writes
Nagcc. BidcGaray, secretary general
a. Che National Fedration Of Railroad
Workers. vehicles needing an hours
rcpair. az the cost Of from is 70 20
francs labogt Sle0) remain on siding
two weeks. two months. six months,
two years because repair parts were
missing When finally these parts ar
rived from the original road the vehicle
was already ruined by the rottenness
due 20 exposure. IL has been the same
way for thousands upon thousands o.
railway carriages And this ~ time
when commerce. industry and aRrlcul-
ture were appealing FOR more cars
The conventions of 1888 have thus
been the indirect cause Of the move.
mont for reorganization. Denounced
hy The companies. the public and the
government alike. their sole value
rests perhaps In tho fact that they
have crystalizcd a universal sentiment
for tho amenoration Of the transport
service through a new regime which
will rrvieace the cooperation or all
s~.o~rafod clements
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
PrOride Liquidify

There are those who criticize Wall
Street banks-it has become a habit
20 attack these particular institutions
and 20 forget the institutions all over
the country which are equally involved
for aiding speculation by supplying
the money without which IL cannot be
carried on. They forget that the duty
Of the banker is 20 keep the assets OF
his ins.itution liquid, so that he can
best serve the community as the need
arises. 40 form Of loan Is more
liquid than the stock Exchange col
lateral call loan, except during panlcs.
The service Of the call money market
In this respect is we'll emphasized by
the discussions which occupied the ex-
seutives Of one OF the major Wall Street
institutions az n meeting last week.
The lowering Of interest on deposits
had come up for consideration. and the
opportunities for profitable enjoyment
OF funds were under scrutiny. The
banks commercial customers were ask
inc very little money. On the con-
trary, some OF Us largest depositors
were pressing 20 have part of their
funds pat out IN the Street. The bond
expert among the officers, seeing his op-
portunity. urged larger investment in
securities OF this class, citing the high
or return obtainable. His was n strong
argument. but the views Of his chief
won the decision.
I'VE must keep our resources as liq-
uid as possible" was his stand. In
sixty or ninety days business is going
10 open IN and there is going TO be
actual need for the accommodations we
can give. II we buy bonds or other Sc
euritics Of that class We cannot be
sure that we will be ready. Find en-
ployment for our funds. but be sure
that they are not tied up"
The Stree. loans OF that particular
institution are high and they are likely
20 grow. Others are working along
similar lines. seizing the opportunity
that this particular marke. offers.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
lndo.Burma Co. Has Schemo
To Increase Drilling Prosfa'

The new refinery Of the lndo'DS''
oil Fields. Ldt., began operations
March Is. according 20 the w NJ
Times Pumping began on 'As
ANNA field on January II ana
duakpin on March 7; the output ~
end Of March was 2.707 tons. ps' 4.
the next few months the output =
reeted 10 exceed the present eaP'iIsg,, W,
OF the refinery, and negotls'l0nss. sk
been practically completed Tor 'n' n
OF any such excess. "a.
In order 70 increase the drilling
gram without increasing the -,
scheme has been approved ~pssh.i'
the company will undertake on y.
Of third parties TO drill wells on ~
company's property at a nAeo Sr,l
the proft from the first crude tk'
being applied 10 the repayment =, ,<rii
cost Of drilling and equipping 'as 'o o<e
an dtheresfter to be divided ~ ~
third 20 the third parties sna.s< 80
thtrds 10 tha Indc. Burnaa IoDf-
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18

fear the odmixture Of politics with
business. the creation Of thousands OF
petty officials They desire a system
Of correlation between the public and
the workers Jouhaux asserted: I'VE
oppose control by any one group. Our
social transformation can be effected
only by absolute harmony between the
essential elements Of public and state
interest. Our economic council has
o., -. .sL1w fT,.f
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
7Why Rates on Call Money Haze Declined
Despite an Increasing Demand tor FUNDS
Mexicuns Issues Upon Which Payment
viii Begin after January 2 1878

between Minister de Ia
Yu.t. Of Mexico and international committee Of bankers on M
v.x.r cash popor
zion. among the different be begun after January w.
will be met coupons
T"ngres,nnr interest in will be deposited with trustee IN Hehap
he
by
minimum, subject revision
quoted all
Of
of the in which they brought the market
1914
included
Of those railroad
that the
bonds due 1880 has
government consists ma Of the obligation Of
rtascs
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18

This does not mean that staple foot
wear is no longer made and sold u IS
doubtful N the novelty shoe business
forms more than l5 or 20 per cent
OF tho total footwear business Of
the country, but IL IL the important
portion az present. the portion that
leads either 70 profit or loss and ac-
cordingly gives the merchant or manu-
facturer the greatest concern.
While IL IL admitted throughout the
trade that the novelty footwear bust
ness has stimulated tho trade remark
ably in the last few years. y IL also
hinted in some quarters that II has
been overdone II is beginning 20 be
felt that too much style % Just as
harmful as not enough style.
From the retailers point Of vieV tne
rapidly changing styles involve great
risks Of loss when a style no longer
attracts the public. 10 Is true tnat IN
the old days there was certain
amount Of style change and eonsequent
losses through the going out of fasnion
Of n particular pattern m SHOES. now
however. because Of the higher prices
at which shoes arc selling, the losses
are greater.
Years ago" said member Of a
chain shoe store organization mere
"we had 20 take some losses wnen
shoes went out Of fashion. In tnose
days We could reduce our three-dollar
shoes 20 two dollars and close them
out almost completely. On the LAST
batch ninoty-eight cents was the price.
Now. with shoes selling around ten
dollars a pair. a dollar or two dollar
reduction does not bring about much
reaction or the part Of our customers
and tho hnal resting place of the ten
dollar shoe Is on the ninety-eight-eent
ta5lo as before. From this you can
readily realize that the retail merchant
to-day is taking much greater fisAs
than ne was few years back
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
{. OF e. Encouraged

Capitalist organizations like tho
National Chamber Of Commerce. the
Federated Union Of Entrepreneurs. and
others Of like stamp. saw in the defea,
Of the labor project "a return 10 the
sane pre-war conceptions Of industrial
morality" The c. G. T. itself was
forced 70 acknowledge a reverse when
tho National Federation OF Railway
Employees, az its annual congress in
Orleans in September. deposed It's
leader, Bidegaray, fervcnt devotee OF
naturalization. and went on record as
opposing any solution which would
tnyissge the admlxture of state and
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18

regime for the railroads in the gen
eral interest" II hrst proposed a pur-
chase Of the railroads similar 10 that
suggested in IN. original Albert
Thomas plan. Tho lines taken up
would bo administered BY an inde-
pendent organization operated for the
peopls
This company would be capitalized
AZ 500.000.000 francs: the right Of sub.
serlption 10 33 per cent Of the capital
would be reserved for the old share
holders. slice OF 80 per cent for
chambers Of commerce. OF agriculture. /.
etc, and the remaining stock. solicited
by public subscription. would be de-
voted TO guarantee payment Of divi-
dends on the major portion. The roads
would be administered by a superior
council consisting Of representatives.
Of the share holders. the government,
the industrial groups and the per-
sonnel. Finally. all deliberation OF this
body would be subject 10 approval by
the Ministry OF Public Works.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
By Harvey J. Bresler

uHE reorganization railroad system is problem
arising Of the Its genesis back forty to the
Inauguration Of the notorious conventions Of 1888 In order to
insure 10 the comprehensive system transport then
agreement with the five companies for the nstrue
Capital for the enterprise be furnished by the
obligations and amortization would he
By Treasury The further agreed make good
guaranteed the stockholders minimum of approx
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18

have been responsible for
amount of foot trouble and havs ~.
greatly 20 stimulate The dsm,,S q
orthopedic, or, AZ the trade pref, =
call D.. corrective footwear. IA. -
narrow toed shoes in vogue ~.
three years ago developed srrs ~
bles. and the short, round tos, -
been the cause = bgr.ors. b,-,
toes and the Ike. Most uom,,
find. are inclined % wear N, -
vamp shoe too short. and a. a e,,..
quence their toes strike The e,l,
their shoes The iow heel yozs, n.
developed considerable frcgbi, I, ~
direction. as the low heel. v8rs 49,
the foot had been accgst0rsd "a ~
heels, allowed the FOO, % .enzts,-
drop ~ ar inch .n me reel ss-1
mean the wearing ~ size Or ~
size longer. but 10 is lifell, % -.
vince the women - tr.s fact
The height o. fho ieuari i,y 1,
heels and extremely r0u1d toes sr,ss,,
% have passed. ard tns trend soT n
swinging % slightly ghsr -,
ranging from an inch ard a sa'f % ",
inches IN height TIE toes also a,
being narrowed slightly, par,icsisrrs
dress shoes Also fse better ,,n
.rade is swinging toward palmer ~.
terms In footwear. a ievo.,pnts, A.
is being welcomed a..ls by nar..r.
turers and retailer. Lees s.ab,n,
patterns mean some .5ver.nz Il n,
cost % producing footwear "Fi.,F
room" expense for tSo last ,Eo yar
has been one of tne reav.es' o. al q.
penses ir saoe manufacturing. ltht
the fitting room that fre e'abcu',
patterns. underlays, clt-1gts. etc. an
put into tho shoe. The wages o. 4.
ting room labor. because 70 rs ru,
demand resulting from fhs yszss =,
fancy shces. has remained az a rslaare
iy higher scale thar fae vagei IN
ether trroe az rfrr Irfrr
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18

which averaged 69.2 francs.
All excess above this figure was 20
BE- divided two-thirds "a the state and
onc.thlrd % the shareholders. The
conventions finally were 20 continue TO
1914 f0r the Company Of the North and
tho Par.s-Lyons- s-Med.terTancan, 70
1898 for the Company Of the East. 20
1853 for the Paris-Orleans Company
tnd 20 1860 Tor the Company Of the
South.
Such In a word are the outstanding
features % the Convention Sctl6rats ~
lrascaiiy conventions Of 1888. Why
have they mcrited this opprobrium
Tho lnitiators o. the new regime were
firmly convinced Of It's eventual econ
ory 20 the state. The fight Of years.
however, soon dispelled these fancies.
Instead q promptly eclipsing ex-
pcnscS. as they had hoped. receipts
continued 90 fall far short We learn
on tho authority Of VI. Henri Lorin.
who made q study Of the situation for
lhc Chamber Of Deputies. that from
1000 10 1913 railroad expenses in
erased 30 per cent, while receipts in
creased only 2fcj per cent The re-
talt was steadily mounting deficit.
r. 1913. a year of normal economic
conditions. only two Of the roads, the
North and the Lyons. we're able % meet
expenses. The general dcrcit for all
the lines that year was 100000
ffarcs. on the eve Of the war De-
c,mber 81. 1870 the roads owed the
state for guaranty of interest lin-
trrcst and cap'tal advanced. the for
f.tIsLtr r.ne az f1THfg sos francs AZ
tho same time however shareholders
were earning dividends Of - per cent
on thc Company Of tho East. 10 per
cert ou tho Company o. the South, y
ye. cent on the Par.s-Lyons-Mcd
TaaDaa and 80 per cent or the Com
pary o. the North. Indeed. IN q single
scar tto North company distributed
among IFS shareholders "a sum greater
g. amount thah that which the Bel
gan S'.to Railway p road Of equal
magnitude and importance, contributed
90 tac public treasury IN seyenty.fiye
lfaI..
New-York tribune., 1922-06-18
Style the Overshadowing
Problem of Shoe Trah
Novelties Have Helped to Stimulate Buis
ness, but Feeling Is Growing That
They Have Been Overdone

TINHE overshadowng problem in the shoe trade at present as
manufacturers wholesalers and retailers with equal force -
Of style To those outside the trade it is apparent the a.
Of style in footwear particularly woen footwear A.
years have had tremendous effect the trade zens
the development style womens hose has lifted them from A
Of stanles and set them dawn in the novelty group