davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1922-04-24
Daily Market Report
MADISON GRAIN MARKET.

At 8 p. m. today. corn. AZ; barley,
IS; oats, 26.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Getting the Distant station.

Question: live IN New Jersey. get
VIZ very well but ] expected when 7
Installed my set 20 b. able 20 Eof most
of the br0adcastlng stations 10 Chicago.
Please Jet me know what 20 add 90 my
present set In order 20 get most q these
stations r. !. u.
Answer-lt is a very important thing
that all radio fans understand that the
brosdcasting stations are operating on
not more than one-half a kilowatt OF
povar. and under normal voltage cir
tumstsnces this will not cover a
guaranteed distance greater than 200
miles. In some exceptional cireum-
stances distances slightly greater than
this can be obtained. As the recep-
tion depends entirely upon the power
Of the transmitting station. receiving
results are governed entirely by the
trar shifting station. Therefore. you
will see that il is impossible for you
to receive Chicago with any kind
set, except under those peculiar condi-
tions that occasionally exist in the
ether. whereby a station temporarily
covers far greater distances than It's
normal range. These conditions are
known as freaks" While they are
frirly frequent. they are never regular
or consistent and cannot be depended
upon. Consequently. when some one
tells you in your locality that he
has been able 20 receive Chicago and
ether stations at great distances, you
may rely upon tho fact that II was
during the existence Of one Of these
freaks" There is nothing that ] can
tell you 20 add 70 your present ap-
paratus that will enable you 20 in
c .case the distance you can hear from.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
A,,..,,, B.tt,r Than Switch

ousttlon-Doss the vacuum srTeiier taAs
the place Of q ground switehG How u IT
wired onto the circuit -. A. u
Answer-Yes, IL not only takes the
place of the aerial switch, but ] am
reliably informed that the new regula..
tions OF the FIRE underwriters Will
eliminate the ground switch completely
90 far a. receiving sets are concerned.
have been given 20 understand tnAt
the new code makes u imperative tnsi
an approved type OF vacuum arrester be
used on receiving sets. The manner
In which the vacuum arrester ~ "ireo
in as follows: Take lead from your
seriai TO one terminal Of the arrester'
and then Join the ground connection 70
the other terminal Of the arrsster. hav-
inr done this, the next step Is 70 take
a connection from the same termina.
Of the arrester 20 which the Aerial
Iead-in il attached and join this 70
the binding post or your receiving SET.
which is marked aerial or antenns.
The ground for the receiving set can be
obtained by soldering wire 70 ihe
water Pipe system inside the house.
The ground FOR the vacuum arresteT
can be obtained by driving an iron PIPE
ssversl feet into good moist earth and
th.n soldering a No copper wire 10
the TOP Of Il. II Is good plan 70
keep the wire in this ground connection
A. least Ave inches clear OF the house
ard I would suggest the same dis-
tsnce for the vacuum arrester'
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Tuning TO Long Distance Stations

Quesfi0n--f have set which vss ir-
stalled by an expert who showed M. how
90 run into VIZ ! should Ike 20 know
how % get Schenectady or plttsburrh. u
possible. ! am about :hirty miles routh
~ newark and about lI3 miles from schs-
reCfady How shall start In 20 eei WGY
or KDkA7 what effect does the antenns
lnducfsrce adjustment have, or what 8,
., FORT ". W.
Answer The method Of tuning for
KDKA and WGY will be exactly the
same as that for Newark. ss all are op-
Grating on wavelength ranging
around $50 meters. The sntenna in
ductanee is made adjustable in order
that you can put the aerial circuit into
resonance with the transmitting sta
ton that you desire 20 listen 20. The
set that you have consists Of vsrio-
coupler and two variometers. In order
20 listen for WGY or KDKA the adj
justment will be almost the same as
FOR WIZ. but II you move the grid
vafiometer over very carefully and very
slowly you might be able 20 get
Schenectady or Pittsburgh. Do not
forget that the very slightest fraction
in adjustment for grid vAriometer il
liable to throw a station completely
out. and that is true also OF the sec
ondary Of your vario-coupler.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Ho~ e ai.ke Spark Coil

Cuestion-pieaso tell fne how can
make = inch spark coil n ] purchase
composed of three stranda and lead In
- feet long be X for sending Ill a.
Answer-lt win be necessary. first Of
all. 90 get a bundle of soft iron wire
for use as core. II should be made Of
No. 20 or No % p. & s. gauge, spc-
cially designed for core wire. For
\ inch spark coil this should be 7
inches long and = inch in diameter.
This core should be packed tightly in
a tube Of those dimensions over the
tube you will have 70 wind two layers
Of No. Is d. c. {. wire. These LAYERS
should be 6's inches long, leaving the
core projecting az each end. Care must
be taken 10 see that the wire Of the
primary is wound very tightly and com
pactly. The secondary will have 20 be
wound with extreme care. II YOU can
purchase one already wound so much
the better. but If you cannot IL will be
necessary in order 10 obtain the I y
inch spark to wind $4,000 turns Of 40.
81 enamel-coyered wire for the sec
ondary This winding must be made in
two sections over two paper tubes
wrapped around the primary. The
paper AAhtN Aat N' 4Nlmfl OF iNe or
six layers Of heavy paper. so that the
finished tube Is OF the diameter de-
sired for the inside Of the secondary
winding and Of the proper width. The
diameter Of this should be ~ inches
and the width 2as inches. so you have
two sections Of that diameter and
width. Start each layer Of wire about
24s inches from the edcs Of the
paper, and wind the wire in smooth,
even layers, leaving about the same
distance az tho end. Wrap on two
layers Of waxed paper between each
layer Of wire and the next layer
OF wire. The paper must be put
on smoothly and evenly, so as TO afford
a firm foundation for the next layer OF
wire. II at any time while the wire is
being wound it should break. solder the
two ends together very carefully and
then cover up the joints with insulat-
in0 material. Both sections should be
wound in the same direction. and the
inside wire Of one should be connected
10 the outside wire OF the other and
soldered. The aerial that you describe
will be perfectly all right for sending
provided, Of course, that you have the
license 20 do so.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04

ou.stlon--I have loos. coupler vari.
able condenser and crystal dstsctor. Some
times hear Newark quite plainly and
then gradually u dies away Try as I
may ] Hannot catch 10 again. and ~ other
times 7 catch a word or two and then that
also leaves me. Sometimes there ~ Crsf-
fnr feeling ln the defecfur. but no sound.
What ls the trouble 1-R. H r.
Answer There are just two things
that can think Of as the probable
causes Of your trouble. First. the
aerial may not be clear and may oc-
casionally touch something. thus cut
ting out the signals from your receiver
intermittently. Look your aerial over
and see II il is clear. Second, il may
be with the detector itself-the piece
Of galena that you use in II may not
be very sensitive. | would suggest,
anyway. that you try new piece Of
galcna. There is Just one other thing
that you should do. and that is 20 20
over every one Of your connections
and make sure that they are absolutely
tight. This will apply particularly TO
your ground connection.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Asr,.I Nav Re Anti.Direetional

ousstion-Vhy an unable 20 hear Pitts.
turrh and Newark only once ia vhie7
NV set is an Y c.. with two ampiifyinF
,uher have good stretch - about
100 Zee, 81 single wire aerial can hear
al stations IN Philadeiphia. about Yen
.,.f.s 49, clear and loud As Pitts
bureh Is said 70 have been heard In south
Ausrea cannot understand why J em
not sble 70 obtain long distance results
have had the sef about three weeks ana
exercised the most careful tuning Woold
,Ee summer conditions o. the q stmospnerr
- srnngh 10 eliminate Pittsburgh
hear OF others using the same infir1men ~
rsftinF long distance signals easil} rn'gsn'
They are located IN fhhaaf'lhia
Answer-The trouble lies in the iaet
rcgards Pittsburgh. OF course, at your
distance YOU eannet get either Newark
or Pittsburgh on loud speaker WIN
ordinary volume Of snpliheation. Inai i
is out OF the question. II would need
power smplihestion at least. "hat !
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Let The Tribune
Help You SoIre Your
Radio Problems

II YOU are experiencing difficulty
u with your receiving set write 10
Jack Binns. the Tribune Radio. i54
Nassau Street. New York City. In
your letter state what your trouble
is. what Kind Of apparatus you are
using and any other facts you think
necessary. II you desire 10 install
a receiving set and need advice
write 10 the Tribune Radio. stating
whether you live In an apartment
or a private house. and " outside
the city your distance from New
York Questions Of general interest
will be answered in this department
every Sunday. Requests for personal
answers should be accompanied by
stamped and self-addressed en-
velope.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
An Electrolytic Rectifer

QusFtion--i am about 20 construct an
si@cifnlyiic recfifsr fnr charging f-N0li
ion-amprre battery The rectifsr which
] have In mind .s the one Witch has
aluminium and lad plates and hakirr
soda or h0rar for an siecfr0l'fe. Gould
you tell me The number ~ plates require z
and tho strength ~ tho fierfrOiyfe -.
quired 10 construct fhe fectifsf. whlch
viii utilize both aiisrnafiors - the 4. g
currsnf7 II would also b. adfirnhie fn
have tho proper connections for fh~ lead
ana aluminium plates Design the above
20 that IL will not heat the eiectfolyte Oh
a boiling polnt.-E. 7.
Answer ! do not think that you
could construct chemical reotiher
Of this character. which would with
stand the heating effect and which
could be so designed as % prevent the
possibility Of boiling over. douh,
very much whether you will be able 20
get such rectiher that will be
practical.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Wave Length OF Tuner

Question have two-slider tuning
coil. with 2os turns ~ % copper wire.
Fixed condenser. crystal detector. pair ~
e. 600 ohm receivers and an aerial ~ Two
wires. so feet each. with 2 20-fooi lead IN.
kindly toll me- the WaNeicnEth of this
sot n ] ada another coil 20 this - 200
turns and connect % IN series viii ! get
very clear wave length with the two
colls7-L. =. ".
Answer-The natural wave length
Of your aerial is approximately s5
meters. The maximum wsyelength
which your set will respond 70 is
approximately 1000 meters. The addi-
tion Of another coil Of 200 turns in
series with the aerial and your present
tuning coil will enable you to listen 70
stations Of longer wavelengths with
maximum range Of somewhere between
$500 and 1000 meters. These stations
will, OF course, all be wireless tels-
graph stations.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04

the attention Of radio fans has been eoneen-
~ utilizing
distant ftaton
method
already
diagram method OF Of radio
% the
in the
plate
is primary the udorequeney
secondary the grid circuit
II
m in the tube the usual
used "A
Radio Primer
and facility 70
experimental
and 10 guaranty o results
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
On Lightning Arresters

Ouss,ion-rleass tell me what makes ~
lightning arresfer are approved ~
Would an arreusr which would hateEuar1
q crystal sei do for a vacuum tube N'
p H. W
Answer do not know all OF the
types that have been approved by the
Board Of Underwriters. but none Of
them can advertise. sueh approval un-
less IL has actually been given.
would suggest that you get In touch
with the Board Of Underwriters II you
desire a complete list Of all those de-
vices which have been approved. An
arrester that has been approved Will
function properly on ell types OF re-
eAiving sets. irrespective Of how they
are constructed or what circuits they
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Using Dry Cells

Queriion-Wouid tho large sized call
bell batteries serve as well a. the proper
"B" batteries. providing sufficient mum
her Is used 20 bring tho voltage up f0
the required amount? What difference.
excepting cost. would there he IN using
call bell batteries as an a battery .-
l.. @. Il.
Answer-lt will be perfectly all right
70 use dry cell batteries OF the call
bell type for a "B' battery, provided,
Of course, that you use sufficient
quantity Of them in series 20 bring
the voltage UP to the necessary
amount. Using this type Of dry cell
batteries for the purpose Of lighting
the flament Of your vacuum tube Is a
very unsatisfactory and costly pro-
cedure because Of the fact that each
Of the vacuum tubes uses slightly more
than one ampere Of current. Under
the circumstances. the dry battery
would not last you more than few
minutes before il became exhausted.
As a matter OF fact there is no real
satisfactory substitute for the storage
battery for this purpose.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
condenser Aerial Tested
By Bureau of Standard,
Excellent Results Obtained by
System Using Strips of
Copper Mesh

The Bureau OF Standards has beer
conducting a series OF experiment.
with condenser aerials which show
very promising results or short-way'
reception. This type Of aerial is very
useful FOR mobile work, and was used
70 some extent during the late war. i
consists Of two strips Of wire netting
composed Of copper mesh similar 10
hat used for mosquito screens. Ono
strip suspended parallel 70 the ground
acts as the aerial. and the otrss strip
laid just ab,ve the earth acts as q
ground These strips are from 3 10
3 feet long and from IS % 80 inches
wide and act as two places of con.
dcaser.
In report Of tho experiments so
IA conducted. J. {. Warner, the as.
sistant physicist % the radio labora-
tory Of Inc bureau. says;
Experimental results show that n
condenser an'enna Of small dimensions
gives excellent results when used A.
Wave.leneths below 400 meters. Az
longer wave-lengihs II suffers by com.
parisor with the coil antenna when
the dimensions are kept small enough
for portability.
ut is useless FOR directicnal work
unless used with O coil antenna. but
may be used in places where the sharl
directional characteristics Of tho coil
are Objectionable. Bv proper design
rHd hv takinT precautions % keep
dielec,ric losses low the effective re-
slstance MAJ be reduced 20 a va'uo
-. ~ oftrrr ufifl
the coil an'enna or the ordinary ele-
waited antenna.
ION account o. tbs low resistance
and ease OF construction this form Of
antenrs should be Of great value In
portable short-wave radio stations. such
as are used for military purposes and
on airplanes, although in the latter
case some dificultv MAJ be experienced
in keeping down dielectric losses.
1T is eviden, that the study Of this
interesting form Of antenna is by no
means complete It's use as transmit
ting antenna offers a wide field for in
vestigation. and larce amount Of
work remains 70 be done in following
I'D the investigations, which have only
been started in this study. For exam
ple. signal intensity measurements
should be made with a calibrated de-
,ec,or set or with a rsdio-freqpency
comparison method. 50 that tho actual
current or F. ". F. in the antenna is
measured. Further work should oe
done in determining the best design Of
antenna for a given wave length and
for minimum resistance. Also, this an
tenna furnishes a means 81 studying
the form Of tire electromagnetic wave,
and a large amount Of work might DC
spent prohtsblv in this study, as well
As in the checking Of transmission
formulas"
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Eliminating 4. c. Induction

ouerion-Am located in the heart Of
the CaSklli Mouniai ain'- LATITUDE :. y.
sbou, eighty f..; from aa.ofo-yoli. three
rha-. slEty-eycie fransu s-ion line iheF~
are tall pine trsss az around habeling
book close b. and The molniains Aii
shout desire % pick NJ concert. iron.
wJZ. wGY. KDKA. and. " possible. Nash
ingfon. Detroit and Chicago. Can elini +.
nate any effect from ths transmission line
III not burden YOU with ny ekp-fene's
10 date other fhsn - say mat ih-T- u
l0i tn be desired In ihe way m cieafh'hs
and much o. b. eliminated N n. way Oi
hl,s.s and cat caiis-G. T. II.
Answer The best way 20 eliminate
any effect that might be caused by the
transmission line ia 70 have your aerial
a. right angles % the transmission line
itself. Since you desire % listen IN ~
n wide range Of stations AZ different
geographical points. ] would suggest
that you erect IT" type Of aerial.
II your facilities will permit, this
aerial should be suspended between
two supports about $50 feet apart and
a. least 80 feet above the ground.
The lead-in wire from this aerial
should b. connected 10 the exact center
Of the fat top and carefully soldered.
You will then be IN 4 position 70 r..
eeive with maximum results from an
directions. The question o. clarity IN
your receiving set will depend a great
deal upon two factors. FIRST n" ad-
iustment Of the various pieces Of ap-
paratus. and second. the absolute neces-
sity OF having every connection well
soldcred or az least tightly connected
together. A great deal Of the Kissing
and cat calls can be eliminated by not
Jtssing too much current through your
vacuum tubes This, TOO, Is question
Of adjustment
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Using a Telephone Transmittsr

Question: read IN magazine that n
one connected mlcrophone IN series
with = ground wire that MESSAGES could
b. transmitted up % thirty mileA Please
tell mi. n fhs u true. DO you have 20
have any other equipment 20 do thihI-
r T..
Answer-The statement undoubted-
~ referred 70 transmitting apparatus.
Ii is. Of course. quite possible 10 do 50
with the proper equipment. You will
need quite number Of other. things
FOR transmitting wireless telephone
messages, and the least that you can
yet 70 do il with successfully IL swat
vacuum tubes. In order 70 transmit
however. il will be necessary for you
10 obtain a license from the Feoersl
authorities. and ] would suggest tnat
vou Get in touch with the radio inspee-
tor OF the Second District, who 10 To-
Gated at the Custom House New YORK
Cifv
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Connections Of Condenser

Question-My variable ft-piaie condenser
has only one wire for connection. ~ TIL,
right. or should there be two w. +. {.
Answer There should, OF course, be
two connections to the variable con-
denser think, II you will examine
it carefully, you will find that the con-
nection that you can easily see !, con-
nected 10 one set Of plates. Nov II you
examine the other set OF plates very
carefully yor will find that they are
All connected together 70 the shaft
which holds them in position, and
somewhere or other you will find a
terminal to which these plates are
connected and that will be your other
connection for the condenser.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Jack BinnS
Radio Alnelioraies
Hard Tasks Of Men
On Isolated Dut-|
Commerce Department Or
dcrs Radio Equipment on
Sea.Ccing Tenders; Also
on Lonely Lighthouses

Improved service 20 shipping and bet
ter living conditions for members of
the United States Lighthouse Service
hive resulted from the ute offhe radio,
according 10 the Department Of Com
mercc
Former'y. tender would be Dis.
patched from n ii1htnousc DEPOT - re-
pair or replace buoy. Afffi round
trip ~ nerhars several hundsoi miles -
would often Do necessary fo repeat no
Journey 20 take care ri another buoy
In the same general locality The radio
ia eliminating this waste Of time,
money and material as fhr vo feit can
now be scrt informed a9 f0 whom ard
where ihry are % BE- iocafcd. This
enables them t0 complete fno work IN
any particular locality before proceed
ing % another.
Last month tho Department ~ COM
merco authorized small additions 20
the radio equipment n several ~ its
larger sea going tenders 20 enable ne
crews ~ receive fro radio nr0r dc1ffing
services for instruction and entertain
mcnt purposes. and cor Liberation De-
now l'lhf gwen l' n'fn''-
Tar use oi tnc fa0io '4i pn..hi p.a,sn
on many NJ me iigninip' N.llns iN'
war ont nfi ls'a tiHe' i.. H'n....'..
AZ wcli as On tl'
Ngntsnlps "n'f' I'+ '.o 49,
ice is now maiiniiin'l in. la,''i'
sucn az |-N'-eh' "''
llgntsnip'' arc ID. 'l.I.. l.',y
tlons on our 'oA.'s' I'p.ii.0t .''o..'
lng snips' .Ili.E s.l.. "'
sending "ofa OF f'sse's 'i ''. -....
WIN tne coz l....'." ..,.. t... ~ ,
radio tele9noN'' "., ,..t.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Armstrong; New Circuit

Question seN that Armstrong has p'r-
f-ct~d re~ circuit which far surGasss. /.
any % his previous fyp>- WIZ ~ b por
sibl- FOR W~ 90 MAKE 49, USING inis
hook-up7 n 80. please publish diagram
~ a. with details such a. capacities of
cond-ns~rs. etc -B. g.
Answer 1t is quite true that z. II.
Armstrong has perfected new circuit
and in his conversation with me ] have
gathered that some very remarkable
results may be expected from u.
However. there are number Of eonci-
iions that exist az the present time
which prevent him from making. any
announcement in connection with II,
and until all Of these have been
Strengthened out. no information viii
be available concerning the circuit or
It's nature.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04

for the use Of inspectors and inspec-
t.on authorities who are without
enough electrical brains or radio
knowledge 70 perceive tho ridiculous
ness and unfsirness Of their actions.
"As the result Of the recent Sunday
paper publicity threatening radio own.
ers with having the insurance rates
on their property raised or their in.
surance cancelled altogether fear and
conformation have been thrown int
thu minds Of hundreds OF thousands Of
radio users, parents have become
alarmed and have forbidden the use OF
purchase Of sets and landlords have
refused % permit innocent and cleo
trically incr, wires 20 be strung across
their roofs. The great wave Of inter
est and enthusiasm for radio has sud
denly received a body blow from that
longtime deterrent Of electrical prog.
iess-the underwriters system
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
M.rit, Of Honeycomh Coils

ouestlon-What ars the advantages and
dissdvantages of honeycomb coil SETS
J. H J.
Answer-The advantages Of honey
comb coil sets rest in their compact
ness and in the fact that they permit
great hexibility in utilizing the SET for
any range Of wave lengths up 20 25.0O0
meters without bulky apparatus, pro-
vided that the owner has the necessary
coils 10 plug into the mounting. Inc
disadvantAges are that they are not 80
GOOD for short-wave work and also that
they require very close and expert az
justment in getting the correct posi-
ton Of the coils in relation 10 eaeh
other.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
When Trans-Atlantics Work

ouestion-At what time Of the day or
night are the big. trans-Atlanuc stations
working as a rule 7-r u
Answer-These stations are practi-
cally in continuous operation day and
night. OF course, great deal de-
pends upon the volume Of traffic II
is a pretty sure thing, however, that
you will hear at least one OF them all
the time. Their wave lengths range
between 10000 and 10000 meters.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04

Question should Ike % know u !
could use No. IS enamcled wire FOR a loon
aerial Would - work x % be- only 8
feet high and 3 feet wide, with 20 turns
p. "
Answer-There is no reason that J
know Of why this loop should not work,
provided the proper apparatus is used
in conjunction with II. No. is bare
wire would be better. The turn should
be spaced u inch apart. OF course
with a loop three feet square, it will
be necessary 20 use az least two stages
Of amplifieation and you might have
70 add radio frequency amplification
New-York tribune., 1922-06-04
Radio Controlled Airpanes

Control Of sirplsnes By radio Is re-
corded as notable achievement IN
France. A large machine vas taken up.
The pilot left his controls in the hangar
ard allowed his ship" 10 be msneu-
y,rss for over an hour BY wireless
orerators in a land station far below,
Al given signal the pilot RESUMED
contrib and landed.