davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
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NO DEFINITE RULE FOR Ftln
When Hens Are Laying Heavily NJ
Should Consume Much larp., \
Amount Of Mash.

Feed according to the appetite d /.
birds; no definite rule can be o,,.'
Feed scantily of grain in the MANI
and give all the grain they will :, ! /
the afternoon in time to find Il hs,. u
dark. There should be no grain il \.
litter at noon; when found, Il ipn
Gates feeulng too much in the m,i..aa
ing.
In general, feed by weight twoth,,,.
part of grain t. two parts Of maA |
When the birds are laying heavily N.
should consume a larger amount 8
mash. =.
A green range of alfalfa, clover, y.
grass furnishes the ideal cond,Ao.
When these are not available II il 4.
essary to give the birds some kind !.
succulent food. Mangel beets, e,ks
bage, sprouted oats or green clover a.l .
usually considered the best rrsesI
feeds. If these are not obtainable y.
pies and potatoes make a yalnahl.
addition to the ration. Feed at noo.s
in such amounts as the birds will cle,,
up before night. 3s
Hard, sharp grit is necessary iue
grinding feed; oyster shell to N,n,a,j
lime for egg shells. Neither will IS
place the other.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
Experimenting WITH
HOGS TO FIND Merit
Scrubs, Crossbreds and Pure
breds Are to Be Used.
Animal Husbandry Division OF Depart
ment of Agriculture Endeavor'n9
to Clear Up Points on Feed
ina and Breeding.

(prepared by the United States Department
Of Agricultural
Although there is a higher percent
age of purebred hogs in the country
than of any other class of live stoch'
there Is still much room for improve
ment. And there is much to be known
concerning the relative merits OF
scrubs, crossbreds and purebreds' ~
make some Of the points clearer the
animal husbandry division or the
United States Department Of Agrlcul'
ture Is starting a breeding and feed
Ing experiment that will contrast the
results of using scrub, crossbred ana
purebred boars on scrub and cross
bred sows. If appropriations provide
sufficient money it may be that the ef-
feet Of using crossbred and SCRUB
boars on purebred sows Will oe
studied.
Ten crossbred sows, of various
breed mixtures, and ten scrub soWs OF
the razorback kind will be used. Half
of each of those groups will be bred
to puyebred boar; half of the flrst
group will be bred to a crossbred, and
half of the other group will be bred to
scrub. This same scheme of breed
ing will be carried on from generation
to generation. Some Of the offspring
will be fed out and some Of them Will
be kept for breeding before being req
out. Shoats from the different lots
will be put in feed lots together ano
fed alike so that fair comparison can
be made. Some of these scrubs and
crossbreds will be compared in feeding
trials with purebreds raised on the de-
partment's experimental farm at Belts
Vile, Md. Some will be put into dit-
ferent experimental lots on various
feeds.
Nearly everybody thinks the pure
bred Is superior to the scrub, but there
is disagreement among farmers about
the merits of purebred and crossbred
feeders. The department hopes that
in due time its experiments will give
results that will answer any doubts.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
BIG VALUE OF WHEAT STRAW
Ton OF Material Carries Large Amount
OF Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid
and Potash.

The average Of many analyses shows
a ton Of wheat straw carries about 10
pounds of nitrogen, 26 pounds Of
phosphorlc acid and 14.S pounds Of
potash. This amount Of plant food in
the more available commercial forms
would cost some $5.4S, valuing nitro.
gen at 30 cents a pound, phosphoric
acid at 10 cents and potash at IL
cents. From the standpoint Of actual
plantfood, then, It would appear that
S will buy more than the wheat
straw carries, and In a more readily
available form. More labor will also
be involved in handling the straw Az
proposed than In using the CONNER.
cial fertilizers.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
MAKE YOUR VOICE HEARD

Secretary Mellon Of the treasury, in
letter to Representative Fordney,
chairman Of the committee on ways
and means of the house of representa-
tlves, says: "Ordinary expenditures
for the first three quarters of the fis.
cal year, 1921, have been $3,7S3,771,-
W8.74, or at the rate Of about $5,0OO,-
100000 for the year. According
to the latest estimates Of the spending
departments. ordinary expendi.
lures during the fiscal year, 1922, in
Guiding interest on the public debt,
will be over $4,0O0,OOOOOO.
THE nation cannot continue to
spend at this shocking rate. As the
President said in his message, the bur-
Den is unbearable, and there are two
avenues Of relief, One is resistance
IN appropriation and the other Is the
utmost economy in administration"
R. G. Lefingwell, formerly an assis-
tant secretary Of the treasury, whom
have quoted previously In these ar.
ticles, and who Is still deeply and ac-
lively interested in securing retrench-
ment In national expenditures. com.
menting on this utterance Of Secretary
Mellon, says: "Why should there be
retrenchment in public expenditure?
Why does the secretary Of the treas
ury speak Of current and estimated ex-
penditures as shocking? What is the
evil that we are discussing and what
is its effect7
Government expenditures must be
met from taxes, To the extent that
they are met promptly from taxes and
from honest taxes directly laid upon
the incomes Of the people, and in pro-
portion to those incomes, exaggeration
OF the evil Of government expenditure
Is avoided. Government expenditure
takes the money Of al the people for
the supposed benefit Of a portion Of
the people, honestly or dishonesty,
equally or unequally, avowedly by di.
rect taxation, or surreptitiously by the
indirect taxation which results from
Imitation Of currency and credit and
OF the public debt.
Government expenditure takes the
fruits Of the earth and the labor Of
the people and diverts them from the
productive and reproductive enter.
prises Of men, from the natural enjoy.
ment Of the men, who by their pru.
dence, foresight and effort, created the |
wealth and made It available, to the |
sometimes benevolent and sometimes |
beligerent, but almost always econom- |
ically wasteful, purposes Of govern.
ment.
Government exploits all Of us for !
the benefit, or supposed benefit, Of |
some OF US. Yielding to the vague
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
MAKING USE OF AUTO ENGINE
Outline Given of Plan for Connecting
Car With Circular Saw viii
Be Found Handy.

An arrangement whereby an automo'
bile may be coupled to a circular saw
for occasional use, is shown in the
drawing. The saw frame for this
equipment should be quite low, In order
to obtain alinement with the engine
shaft. or the car may be elevated on q
runway.
The couplings are made either of
pipe with the necessary slots cut in the
ends, or solid bar may be used, with
sleeves pinned to the ends; the latter
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
GOOD FEED BEFORE R00S1lNe.
About One Third Of Total Amount
Fowls Will Clean Up In Day IS
q Just About Right.

Chickens need good feed before
going to roost at night, and Il ted
about one.third Of the total amount
they will clean up in a day, in the
early morning, and the remainder II
the afternoon, the proportion will be
about right. The mash can be fed II
a large hopper which is kept constant
ly before them, care being taken to
see that 1t is so placed that 1t does
not become dirty and that the chick.
ems do not scratch into or in It.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26

are hatched, and the young eagles have
down on them, with white woolly :eath.
ers, the hen eagles lay again, which
eggs are hatched BY the warmth Of the
young ones In the nest, 50 that the
flight Of one makes room for the others
that are just hatched. Thus they con.
tinue breeding most part Of the year"
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
BEST Distributor OF WEEDS
oat Crop Put In careIessly and With
out Cleaning Seed-Noxious
i Plants Result.

One Of our best weed distributors
is the oat crop. Oats are naturally
partial to weeds, and to add to the
problem we usually put the oat crop
in carelessly, often on weedy ground,
frequently without cleaning the seed
The result Is that smartweed, WILD
oats and pigeon grass dispute with
the oat crop for the water and fertil.
ity in the soil. Were the same care
given the oat crop that Is now ac.
corded wheat, our returns per acre
would be more and our weed problem
measurably less.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
RAISING GEESE FOR PROFIT
Opportunities Good in REGION, WIN.
They Can Be Fattened for
City Markets.

prepared by the United States Dep.rms.
Of Agriculture.) -
Geese may be raised proftably 0a
many more farms than at present i
The United States Department lE|
Agriculture points out that the oun Y
tunities are especially good In reeie "a !
where they are fattened commertilar|
for the growing demand Of citi 1
They are easily disturbed and shOells
therefore be handled gently. w
mated they are allowed to run ~
flocks, but each mating may be kepthI
a colony by itself to keep the gand1 s
from fighting. A gander may be ml|
with from one to four geese, but ~
or trio matings usually give the bs(s
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
PUREBRED POULTRY. is BEST.
Good, Plump, Tender Chickens A.
ways Command Top Prices
Scrawny Fowls Are Loss.

There is always a good demand fof
market poultry and eggs, and there
always will be, but like every other
commodity, the price received by the
seller depends upon the quality Of the
goods sold. Good, plump, tender
chickens, properly fitted, always com
mand the top price, while the scrawny,
shaggy. inferior stuff has to be sold fox
whatever It will bring. The farmer
who says there is no profit in the
poultry business is generally one Of
those fellows who raise the latter
kind. f
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26

aspirations Of men for a better world
or better distribution Of the good
things of this earth, government i'm.
poses upon all Of US ever-increasing
burdens In the effort to benefit vocif.
erous and organized minorities.
each Of the executive departments
Is concerned to improve its service
and to discover new and useful fields
Of service. The entire organization
Of the army, Of the navy, of each Of
the departments, independent Offices
and agencies Of the government, is de.
voted to an important task. Its par.
ticular function seems Of vital USE
fulness, even necessity. Experts In
each are alive to it's defects and to
the opportunities for usefulness which
have not been availed Of.
1.-The secretary, or other head of
the department, drawn from private
life, perhaps wholly ignorant at the
outset Of the nature and extent Of Its
problems, promptly becomes the advo-
cate Of the policies and demands Of
his permanent assistants and bureau
chiefs. If he does not become such
advocate, he may break down the
morale Of his organization and possibly
lose the confidence Of his personnel.
Behind It all is the pressure Of or.
ganized interests In the constituencies,
which are the benehciaries of specific
expenditures, operating upon politI-
clans, executive departments, senators
and congressman. The strident voice
Of grl6 is heard In the market place
and iKlegislative halls; the voice Of
the people is barely audible.
THE fact that each project is con.
sidered separately, without reference,
either In executive departments or
congress, to ways and means Of flnanc.
Ing 1t, prevents concentration of popu-
lar opinion on the awful total. All
agree that there must be economy, but
as each item is presented all seeming
" agree that that is not the proper
field for economy. There must be econ.
omy, but there must be merchant
marine, whatever the cost. There must
be economy, but the government must
pay high wages to railroad employees
and furnish transportation on the rail.
roads at less than cost. There must
be economy, but the World war sol.
diers must have their bonus. There
must be economy, but Civil war pen.
sions must be increased. There must
be economy, but we must prepare for
war, regardless Of expense"
You know this is true. The new
budget law will help very much this
condition, but unless you are interest
ed. continuously, actively, openly In.
terested, your money will not be saved.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
Early Note on Eagles

In that quaint old book, the Natural
History Of South Carolina, written BY
John Brickell and printed In 1877, We
find the following note on the white
headed eagle: '.These birds are very
great breeders most part Of the year,
and always build their nests In old de.
cayed cyprus, or pine trees near the
river side, where they generally lay
two eggs, and sometimes three, but
they seldom have four; as soon q they
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
FARM name REAL
ASSET T00WNER
Can Be Used TO Good Advantage
in Connection With Market
Ing Of Products.
OF MUCH VALUE TO BREEDERS
Acts as Sort Of Guaranty That Any,
thing From That Particular Place
Is All That Is CIaimed-Can
Be Registered.

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
Many farmers throughout the coun-
try are finding it to their advantage
commercially to give their farms at
tractive names that can be used IN
connection with marketing their prod
ucts. Provided the quality OF the
product is kept up, a reputation Is
quickly established for the farm and
the commodity that makes the name
of real worth In dollars and cents
when it comes in competition on the
market with other products. The
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
Copyright. Western Newspaper Union

government except those Of the Pres
ident and vice president. 1t was the
established usage during these first
40 years to permit executive officers
except members of the cabinet, to hold
Office for an unlimited period during
good behavior. The practice was
changed in 1920 by the four-year-ten'
ure act. The spolls system, as 1t was
officially described as early as 1885,
was introduced and extended until 1t
permeated the entire civil service Of
the country.
The fundamental purpose Of the civ.
IL service law was to establish, in the
parts of the service covered by its
provisions, merit system whereby
selection for appointment should be
made upon the basis Of demonstrated
relative fitness, without regard to po-
litical, religious, or other such con-
siderations.
The act requires that the rules shall
provide, among other things, for open
competitive examinations for testing
the fitness Of applicants for the classl-
fed service, the making Of appoint
ments from among those passing with
highest grades. an apportionment Of
appointments in the departments at
Washington among the states and ter
ritories, a period Of probation before
absolute appointment and the pro.
hibition Of the use of official authority
to coerce the political action Of any
person or body.
In 1883, the year In which the civil
service law was enacted, 1924 posi-
tions In the civil service were made
subject to competition. The entire
number Of positions in the federal
executive civil service on June 20,
1915, was 480,327. At the height Of
the war expansion there were approx
imately 100000 men and women en-
ployed In the federal executive civil
service, about 100000 Of whom held
positions subject to competition. On
July 81, 1920, the entire number Of
federal executive civil positions, as
nearly as can be estimated, had been
reduced to 691,116. approximately
100000 Of these were subject to com.
petition, or, in other words, in the
classified service. The force is still
slowly but steadily decreasing.
During the 10 months of our partici.
patton in the war the civil service
commission gave competitive exami-
nations under the civil service law and
rules to slightly less than 1000, 900 per.
sons, and about 100000 persons with
tested qualifications were supplied by
the commission to the service. A nor
NAL years business Is about 100000
persons examined and about $4,000
appointed.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
HIRE GOVERNMENT HELP

The civil service commission hires
all employees In the classified service
Of the government. The only thing to
be said about the classified service, Is
that 1t has not yet been classified.
But you shall hear what the civil serv-
Ice commission has to say about hir-
ing help, without comment from me.
There Is an utter lack Of definitely
planned and well-organized employ
ment policy In the government serv.
Ice.
There is need for a centralized en-
ployment office with Jurisdiction In all
matters relating to employment.
The employment methods Of the gov
ernment should be such as to serve
for model for private business.
There Is at present no central con.
troll over the executive service short
Of the President. The President is a
busy man and cannot concern himself
with the details Of the executive de-
partments.
The lack Of efficiency In govern.
ment offices has a marked effect on
private business.
Definite information concerning the
number Of federal civil employees in
different branches Of the service and
the amount of the government pay
roll are not readily available.
An official register, or blue book,
Is issued every two years. 1t is out
Of date long before 1t Is printed.
A provision of the civil service rules
theoretically gives the civil service
commission authority to collect and
maintain complete personnel statis-
tics. The labor and expense involved,
however, practically prohibit the COL
lection and compilation Of reliable sta
tistical data.
In addition to the limits Of the COM
missions authority Is the absence Of
authority to enforce its findings. The
commission can make recommenda-
tions to the departments and Offices
and urge their observance, but It can
not enforce them.
Congress passed what Is known as
the civil service law January 16, 1883. |
This act created the United States
civil service commission. The law was
intended to cure in part the evils
traceable to the spolls system, which |
grew out Of the four-year.teEure-o Of
office act Of 1920.
During the first 40 years after the |
organization Of our government, ad.
ministrative practice with regard to |
the civil service seemed to conform
to the intention of the founders. The
Constitution fixed the term Of no of. !
deer In the executive branch of the
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
Tepid Water for Poultry

The Importance Of fresh, palatable
water OF the right temperature for
mems IN winter is no doubt underesti.
mated by many poultry keepers and
success or failure in egg production
may largely depend upon this sun.
posedly Insignificant detail.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
For Temporary Use, the Automobile
May With Very Few Fittings, Be
Applied to Drive a Circular Saw.

arrangement is the better, as the sleeves
can be made somewhat larger than the
bar and shafts, and thus, to some ex.
tent, compensate for lack Of accurate
alinement. For continued use, the pin
in the engine shaft should be replaced
with larger one, and a slight en-
largement of the hole in the frame NAV
be necessary with some cars.-Popular
Mechanics Magazine.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26
Ground Oats for Cattle.

Oats are best fed ground rather than
whole to cattle, for the reason that
whole oats are not masticated thor.
oughly enough and a great many pass
through the animal undigested.
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26

Romano Ussd 70 Eat Moths.
Moths and butterflies might not
seem to US Of much value as a food,
but the Romans used them, as wen q
beetles. - an article Of dat
The Bienville Democrat., 1922-01-26

name becomes In time a real asset tC
the owner and has money value much
like the goodwill in other kinds Of
business.
Breeders Recognize Value Of Name.
In England many farms have borne
distinctive names for years, which
have become famous In connection
with various products. This has been
especially true in the case Of certain
breeders Of cattle. The name of the
farm passes current among cattle
breeders as q sort Of guaranty that
animals from that farm are all that
is claimed for them. The practice is
coming into vogue in this country,
and with 1t desire to be protected
against others adopting the same name
and thereby benetiting by the repu-
tation already established fer it.
The United States government,
through its patent Office, which inter-
prets the trademark and label copy
right laws, Is prepared to give this
protection within certain limits. Some
Of the states have laws authorizing
the registration Of farm names with
the state authorities, and no one else
in that state Is allowed to use the
name. This is merely for use within
that particular state. The United
States patent Office, however, is pre-
pared to register farm names as trade
marks if they meet specified require.
ments. This will protect the owner
against their use by others anywhere
in the United States. There are GER
tain requirements, however, that must
be met, as in the case of other sorts
Of names used as trademarks under
the federal trademark law. The farm
name, for one, thing, must be used
by the farmer as a trademark on his
products that he ships to points out.
side his own state; In other words, q
commodity that moves in interstate
commerce. 1t must be printed, stamped,
o.. otherwise attached to each parcel.
The federal law makes no provision
for the registering of names used az
trademarks on commodities that are
shipped only within the state.
common.Law Right In Name.
Although 1t Is thought advisable It,
Is not necessary that the name be ar
ranged into any distinctive design. Un.
der the trademark act Of 1905, It was
not possible to register a name that
is merely geographical, or merely de.
scriptive, or is merely a surname not
displayed In some particular or dis.
tinctive manner. Such marks. how.
ever, can be registered under the act
Of 1920, If they have been in use by
the applicant in interstate commerce
for not less than one year. In this
way congress sought to give recogni.
ton to a common;law right in a name
used as trademark on the ground
Of its use.