davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
FIND HIDDEN TURKEY NESTS
When Confined In Pen Until Late In
Day, Laying Hen Will Go
Straight to Her Eggs.

A quick and easy way to find stolen
nests Of turkeys is to confine the
birds from early morning to late after.
noon. The laying hens will then go
straight to their nests to lay the eggs
which they are holding, say poultry
specialists of the United States De.
partment of Agriculture. When tur.
key hens have free range they nest
usually in obscure places and often
wander half mile or more from home
before they find nesting place that
suits them.
If attractive nesting places are pre-
pared about the barnyard, the turkeys
sometimes, lay in them. Such nests
are easily made from boxes or bar.
rels, or by scooping out little earth
in the shape of shallow bowl, piling
brush round it to satisfy the hens de.
sire for seclusion. The nest most pre-.
ferred by turkeys consists of barrel
laid on Its side, in which straw or hay
Is placed. When confined in a breed.
ing pen several turkey hens may lny
in the same nest, but on free range
each bird usually makes her own nest.
Turkeys do not range far during cold
weather. In the north, where the
laying season often begins when there
is still snow on the ground, the hens
are more likely to select their nests
near home.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
SAVING PINE TREES
FROM BLISTER RUST
Wild Currant and Gooseberry
Bushes Must Be Removed.
Disease is Rapidly Increasing In
Northeastern States and Prompt
Action Is Needed to Save
Timber.

(Prepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
A delay of one year in destroying
the wild currants ind gooseberries as
a protection against the blister rust
will result in the loss of at least IL
per cent of the trees in young white
pine plantation at North Hudson.
N. Y.
This planting of white pine was
made for the purpose Of producing
another timber crop on an area pre-
viously denuded by fire. Three-year-
old trees were set out in the spring OF
1919, but the wild currant and goose
berry bushes on the tract were not de-
stroyed until 1920, year after the
planting. The removal of the currant
and gOoseberry bushes is necessary to
save pine trees from the blister rust,
because they are tie only means by
which this disease can spread.
The pines in the plantation were
examined in the fall of 1921 by agents
of the United States Department Of
Agriculture. AS result Of the trees
being exposed for single year to the
blister rust on the currant aud goose
berry bushes. it was found that 86
trees showed infection originating in
1919, 1877 were missing and 483 showed
no sign of infection. Thus 1910 per
cent Of the living trees or 11.2O per
cent Of all the trees set out on the
plat were infected ~ the blister rust
in single year, and will succumb
sooner or later. If the bushes had
been removed before the pines were
set out, this loss would have been pre-
vented.
The disease is rapidly increasing on
white pines in the northeastern states,
and prompt action by pine owners In
destroying currant and gooseberry
bushes is necessary to prevent serious
damage and loss to the pine crop.
Since wild gooseberry and currant
bushes are among the first plants to
sprout and leaf out. they can be dis
tinguished very readily in the early
spring. This season is, therefore,
most favorable for the pine wood-lot
owner to find and pull them out.
These bushes should be destroyed in
the pine stand and around 1t for dis
tance Of at least 900 feet. II the
search for the bushes is conducted
systematically. and If care is taken to
get all the main roots, the pines will
be protected from the blister rust for
at least five years.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13

corn silage is superior to the nillet,
the suntlower or the sweet clover-oat
straw silages for fattening steers be-
cause Of it's greater palatability, and
the larger gains secured as we'll as
the better finish produced on the
steers.
The latter silages, however, are
shown to have merit and may prove
very useful and satisfactory in regions
where they are likely to give enough
greater tonnage per acre to offset their
lower feeding value during seasons
curing these crops for forage purposes.
Crops can be put in the silo when
weather conditions make it impossible
to cure them for hay or fodder.
These steers fere sold to- the North
ern Packing Co., Grand Forks, N. d.
w. S. Bouse, livestock buyer, eXamin-
ed the steers carefully and bought
each animal on it's merits, determined
by conformation, quality and finish.
The prices paid for individuals varied
somewhat in each group but taken as
a whole there was little difference
among the groups except that the corn
silage group brough about IS cents per
hundredweight above the others. The
price paid was on the basis of filled
weight, and the percentages of dressed
carcasses, which were determined,
were figured on the same basis. The
dressing percentages together with
the appearance Of the carcasses show
remarkably accurate judgment on the
part of the buyer. The prices paid
and the results Of the slaughter test
are in accord with the observations
made at the experiment station.
The Northern Packing company ex-
tended every courtesy to our represen-
tative and took more than usual inter-
est in supplying the information de-
sired.
eve ought to have 500 entries in 1922
and if we all pull together we can
Guido the entire northwest in 1922.
"Let us make a special effort to
win some prizes in the hay competi-
ton. A bale Of hay weighing not less
than so pounds is required. Grass and
clover seed exhibits require four
quarts; small grain exhibits one peck !;
corn exhibits 10 ears. Begin now to
make arrangements for growing, get
ting, cleaning, and caring for these
exhibit materials.
michigan, Wisconsin and Montana
have used the opportunity offered by
this international grain and hay show
to advertise the seed producing posi-
bilities Of their several states. North
Dakota must get into the game, too"
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
| IP)()lII}l|
|4X1VQ|
PlGMlEs OF POULTRY WORLD
Bantam Breeds Have Distinct Utility
Value for Egg Production for
Family Use.

tPrepared by the United States Department
OF Agriculture.)
The Bantam breeds gained their
popularity as ornamental fowl and as
playthings for children and growErups,
out, says the United States Depart
Ment of Agriculture, they have also
distinct utility value for egg pro-
iuction for family use. There is also
good demand for eggs for hatching
and for breeding stock Of good quail
lty. Because Of their small size these
pigmy breeds often have the advantage
over larger fowls where only very
small space is available for the flock.
They are easy for children to handle.
and the ownership of few Bantnms
often is the beginning Of real interest
in poultry raising.
The various breeds of Bantams, their
characteristics, and methods of man-
agement are discussed In Farmers
Bulletin 1851. The Bantam Breeds and
Varieties, the fifth of series on
Standard Varieties of Chickens. The
various breeds, says the bulletin, have
not been raised with the idea of egg
production and, as result, the aver
age is not very high, probably around
l75 eggs In n year. The eggs vary
In size, as do the different Bantam
breeds. ranging from IL ounces doz-
en- to IS or 20 ounces. The color Of
the eggs runs from white to dark
brown. Some of the breeds have a
tendency to lay for fairly long peri
cd, but the Brahmas, Cochns and
Silkies are apt to be broody. Since
many of these kinds have been de-
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Comparative Feeding Value
OF Different Kinds OfSilage

The steers used in the different
groups were in good condition for
feeding and were selected at the start
so as to furnish groups as nearly alike
as possible At the end of the trial.
however, the corn sflage fed steers
We're distinctly superior in general
condition and finish compared to the
other groups. Among the other groups
there was very little difference. Such
Maerences as were noticed appeared
to be due chiefly to the differences in
the individuality of the steers rather
than differences resulting from the
feeds consumed, although those re-
ceiving the millet silage appeared
Slightly better than the sweet clover
or suntlowed groups.
An important consideration with
any feeding stuff Is its palatability
that Is, how we'll it is liked by the
stock. The steers used in these trials
were accustomed to corn silage before
the experiment began so when the
other kinds of silage were first fed il
was possible to. judge something OF
their palatability compared to corr
silage. Those fed the corn and millet
silages cleaned up the managers almost
Immediately the first day, but those
fed the sweet clover and sunflowers
barely touched theirs. The second day
the sweet clover group cleaned III
most of the silage offered but the sun
| flower group did not clean up all OF
their silage until the fourth day, nj
though fresh silage was offered daily
The same amounts Of silage were fet
each group at the start and the ex
perimental feeding period was not be
gun until all the grOuns had consumed
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
TO BOOST FORAGE CROP

North Dakota's advantages as seed
producing state will be more widely
advertised to the farmers Of the
United States, If pans suggested by
she department of agronomy, North
Dakota Agricultural college, for hav-
ing 500 entries at the fourth interna-
tional grain a"d hay show in Chicago
late this year, are carried out. The
show will be held in connection with
the international livestock exposition,
IN late November or early December,
exact date to be announced.
'"rhe state had less than dozen en-
tries at the show in 1921, yet we cap
tured three important prizes In the
.0rn and grain show" said DIR. II. l..
Walster. chairman of the department.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
WHEAT GROWN ON
IRRIGATED farm
Yield Of Slightly Over I 90 Bushels
: to Acre Obtained on Small
Idaho Patch.
O|CKlOW VARIETY WAS USED
Experiments at Aberdeen Station
Show That Federation, an Austria.
iian Strain, Is Better Suited
for irrigation.
<Prepared by the United States Department
of AKrtculture,l

prepared by the United States Department
Of Agriculture)
A yield Of 219 bushels and 80 pounds
of wheat from 2.17 acres of land in.
Jerome county, Idaho, In 1921, proba-
bly, a record yield for spring wheat
in the United States, is reported in
affidavlts received by the bureau of
markets and crop estimates of the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture from H. S. Green, manager Of
the lll-Aho farms, Jerome county,
Idaho. This yield of slightly over 100
bushels of wheat t. the acre was OBJ.
{ tained from the Dicklow variety. This
variety has been found to be well
suited for growing under irrigation in
southern Idaho, and the acreage of 1t
in that section has increased rapidly
during recent years. This is due
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13

largely to the efforts of the former
superintendent of the Aberdeen, Idaho,
sub-station, L. c. Aicher, who has had
charge Of the cooperative cereal ex-
periments conducted by the Idaho
station and the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. For the past
five years Mr.. Aicher has been dis
tributing and recommending the Dick
low variety for growing under irriga-
tion in southern Idaho.
Largest Yield Of Wheat.
The largest yield Of wheat per acre
ever recorded by the bureau of crop
estimates Of the department Is 117.2
bushels. The yield was produced in
1895 in Island county, WASH, on an
18-acre field. The variety of wheat
sown was Red Russian, a winter
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
GETTING COWS ON PASTURE
In Many Cases Grass 10 Not In Proper
Condition to Be Grazed and
Animals Suffer.

The temptation to get the cows on
grass as early as possible in the spring
is not an easy one to resist and the
consequence is that many pastures are
required to carry cattle before they
are in proper condition to be grazed.
Although milk cows will usually show
gains in milk production on grass i'm
mediately after, 1t becomes green.
these gains are only temporary and
unless the feeding of the regular barn
ratlons is continued, the milk flow
soon falls off and the animals lose iD
flesh,
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
BEST Development OF CALF
Feeding Should Begin Before Birth
|: and insufficient Amount Results
: in Puny Youngster.

Poorly nourished cows give birth to
weak, puny calves which are hard to
raise. The feeding of the calf, there
fore, begins before it is born. The
food elements for the development of
che calf are taken into the stomach
of the COW, digested, assimilated, and
transmitted to the calf through the
unbilical cord, the connection between
the mother and the calf. 1t is evident
that IL the COW does not receive food
enough to keep herself in thrifty con-
dition and ut the same time develop
he, calf, both she and the calf must
suffer.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13

From the foregoing table. it will be
seen that the groups fed the sweet
clover-oat silage and the sunflower
silage consumed practically the same
amounts of silage, namely so pounds,
and made practically the same gains
IL pounds on the sweet clover and
1.O5 pounds on the sunflowers. The
groups fed the millet and corn silages,
however, consumed about 2.5 pounds
less silage than the oters but never
theless made greater average daily
gains. The millet silage group gained
1926 pounds daily and those on corn
1.72 pounds. The suntlDwer and the
sweet clover-oat silage appeared to be
more watery than the millet and corn
silages, and part Of the difference in
results may be due to that. When the
chemical analysis of the feeds are
completed it will be possible to make
comparisons on the basis of dry mater
ial consumed, which will give better
indication of their relative feeding
values.
the same amount of silage for four
days.
So far as palatability is concerned
1t seems that the. millet silage was as
palatable as the corn silage and that
the sweet clover and sunflower silages
were less palatable-the sunfiOwer sill
age. being the least palatable of all.
However, after the steers had acquired
a taste for the sunflowers this silage
was consumed in as large amounts as
any of the Others and the same was
true Of the sweet clover except toward
the end of the feeding period.
It is the intention to continue these
experiments another year as further
trials are necessary before the COM
parative feeding value Of these sliages
can be fully established, but it is evil
dent from what has been done that
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
wheat. locally known as Australian

wheat. locally known as Australian
Club.
The 10O-bushel yield of the Dicklow
variety here reported is probably a
record yield for spring wheat in the
United States. In experiments con-
Quoted by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture, where varieties
are grown in fiftieth-acre plats, yields
at the rate of more than 80 bushels
per acre have sometimes been OBJ
tained. A yield of 1873 bushels per
acre was obtained in 1921 from a plat
of Federation wheat at the Aberdeen,
Idaho. sub-station. The Federation is
an important Australian variety Of
wheat introduced into the United
States by the Department of Agricul-
ture in 1915.
Federation Variety Favored.
Experimental results at the Aber-
deem station during the past three
years indicate that the Federation will
be even better suited for growing
under irrigation than the Dicklow, as
it has, on the average, outyielded the
Dicklow by 511a bushels per acre. Fed
Grafton has also proved to be better
milling and bread-making wheat than
the Dicklow. Last season the FEEDER.
alton was grown under irrigation with
marked success in several sections OF
Oregon.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13

veloped from the larger standard
breeds they have many of the same
characteristics.
Reports collected from Bantam
breeders show that the average hen
will eat from Is to 35 pounds of feed
In a year, which Is about one-half as
much as hen Of the Mediterranean
breeds or one-third as much as hen
Of the larger breeds would eat.
A copy of the bulletin may be OBJ
tained free by addressing the Depart
ment Of Agriculture at Washington,
D. G..
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
(By F. w. Christensen and d. ]. Girls
void, N. D. A. C.)

"o1Us ~. -. a. S.J
In feeding trials which recently have
been completed at the North Daokta
agricultural experiment station, four
different kinds of silage have been
compared. The silages used were
made from fresh green clover, about
seven parts and oat straw one part,
millet. sunhowers, and corn. The oat
straw was mixed with the sweet
clover because freshly cut green clover
is too watery to put directly into the
sil0 without mixing it with some dry
material. This amount of straw re-
duced the water content to nearly that
Of ordinary corn silage.
Four groups of two-year-old steers
We're fed all the silage they would
consume with enough oat straw to
satisfy their craving for dry material.
per head daily for period Of 100
days. During the last 40 days SO
pounds of ground corn per head daily
were fed in addition to the other
feeds. AS the amounts of corn and
cottonseed meal were the same for the
various groups, the observed differ.
ences in gains are due to differences
in feeding values and amounts of sill.
age and oat straw consumed. The
following table shows that the
amounts of straw consumed by the
different groups of steers were nearl!
the same except in the case of those
| receiving the sunflower silage ant
here the difference was not large.
Average daily feed consumption .ant
gains per head for entire period shown
in the following table:
Si
GROUP OF STEERS L
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Sanitation and Exercise.

Don't neglect sanitation and exer-
else for the first few weeks after far
rowing for 1t is indispensable to the
health and progress Of the pigs. Com
Portable quarters-dry, ventilated and
we'll liahted-are important.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Minneapolis Butter and Poultry.

-Butter-Extras, 33hc;
firsts, 27c; seconds. 22c; storage ex-
tras, 27c: packing stock, fresh, sweet,
16c; stale goods, SC; grease, 1c.
Eggs-Country receipts, rots out,
per case, $675; No. l candled, good
extras, free from rots, small, dirties
and checks out, per dozen, 23kc; sec
onds, small, dirty and held stock, rots
and leakers out, dozen, 1Sc; checks,
rots and leakers out, dozen, Ice; quo.
tations on eggs include cases.
Live Poultry-Not advisable to ship
turkeys under lbs. in weight. Hens,
lbs. and over, Csc; hens under lbs,
zoe; cripples and culls unstable; !;
ducks, fat, 1sc; geese. fat, 12c: tur.
keys, fat, over lbs, Csc; turkeys, thin
and small, 15@20c; cripples and culls
unsalable; guineas, per dozen, $5;
''..:ng roosters, zoe; old, 16c.
Potatoes-Small lots out of store,
Western per 100 lbs, $3.50; Minnesota,
100 lbs, $2.15.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Eaos for Incubation.

Eggs intended for incubation during
cold weather should be gathered be-
fore becoming chilled and Kept in q
temperature Of about so degrees.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Make Clean PRUNING Cut.

Be sure all cuts made in prul,i..s
trees or shrubs are clean, smooth cuts.
They will heal easier.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Minneapolis Cash Closing Prices.

Minneapolis 1 dark
northern, $1.53@1.64; No. 2 northern,
s1.5S@1.67; No. northern, $500
1.56; No. Durham. $1.37.
Corn-No. 3 yellow, sic; No. 3 mix.
ed, SOC.
Rye-No. 3, 93c.
Oats-No. 2 white, 36c.
Barley-59c
Flaxseed-$2.58.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13
Strains for Best Yields.

Be sure that you have good strains
of lettuce, onions or cabbage IL you
want the best yields at harvest time.
The Hope pioneer., 1922-04-13

GROUP OF STEERS
Sweet clover-oat straw silage--
Mil1et sflage
Sunflower ilage-------------
Corn aila
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1922-06-01
Motorists Liable to Confuse Sig
nails Along Roads to Indi-
cate Danger.
ENGINEE2S APPROVE SCHEME
It viii Take Some Time to Make
Change as Laws in Many States
Require Red Lamps--Replace-
ment Won't Be Costly.

Automobile engineers are cunsidcr-
In the adviSnhlity Of using yellow in
place of red tail lights SO as to min
imi&c the danger OF motorists contus-
inS lights placed along highways to
Indicate dangerous road conditions
with automobile tail lights
Many accidents occur owing to mo-
toriSts being confused in this way
The red light on the rear of the rail
road trains is probably the origin of
the rcd tail light of automobiles The
railroad train operates on Il track and
the rear end Of that train is dangerous
because Il train following cannot turn
oul 10 avoid the preceding train. AS
automobiles do not operate ON tracks
however, an automobile following an
other cam generally turn out and pass
1t. II Will thus he appreciated that the
rear end OF an automobile is danger
Gus only when ii is slowing down or
standing ut the roadside. The use OF
red lights in automatic or mnnunlly
operated stop signals for the rear of
automobiles is therefore logical
The members OF the passenger car
ana motor truck standardization com
mitt,rS Of the Society of .\utomotivc
Engineers, a national engineering So
CiriN oi over 5000 engineers and OK
ecuiiv"S "I automobile and other auto
motive manufacturers have studied
inns proposed change and generally np-
prove "t it. The fact, however, that
thr Us" of rcd lights is required by
law III many states will mean that
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1922-06-01
BOARD TO review
WAR FRAUD CASES
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT TO SET Up
TRIBUNAL TO SELECT MOST
FlAGRANT CASES
DAUGHERTY TO SIT ON BOARD
Government Will Proceed Only Where
1t Has Reasonable Expectation
OF Winning

Washington.-A board Of review Is
20 be set up in ;he department Of
justice, says a correspondent, which,
in effect, will constitute Il special trib
unal, for the examination of the war
fraud cases which the government is
preparing to prosecute OH an elaborate
scale. according to announcement OF
Atiorncy.Gencral Daugherty.
In reaching decision as to what
cases will be prosecuted, it was ex.
planned. the governments will proceed
only where it has reasonable cXpecta.
ton OF winning in order that the cost
Of litigation may not be excessive.
III is the intention Of the depart.
possible, said statement from The
department to prepare all the case;
as tECIcugEiy as possible, and GO ,x
ped!te the business. The preparation
OF the cases will, Of course. be exceed
ingly important. as the department
naturally realizes that the government
will have arrayed against it some Of
the greatest lawyers OF the United
States"
Daugherty himself. and former Sena.
tor Thomas OF Colorado. The reten.
ton OF Thomas as one of the special
attorneys.general to help in the wa,
fraud prosecutions has Just been an.
nouncod. Other assistant attorneys.
general will cooperate with these two
III connection with the cases in which
they have been closely Identified
Senator Z nhomas was a member of
the military affairs committee Of the
senate during the war, and was chair.
man OF special committee which con.
dactcd separate investigation OF air.
craft production.
The bOa,d Of review, according to
IuGherty. will make possible at all
times complete and thorough cen.
trali2atiOn OF departmental knowledge
with respect to every step that is tc
be taken"
GeorGe T. Hoover also mas 3cen
, named special assistant attorney GER
eral because Of the fact that cnur!
work il the district has been doubled
| through the activities Of the SPECIAL
stand jLry. the regular force was
| considered Inadequate. and Hoove,
will assist the present district attor
ley. FcNton Gordon. Gordon will di
rect the criminal cases, assisted J.,
JOHN " H. Grim, an assistant atlor
ney s;cncral