davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
JUDGES CALL OFF
BETS AT LEXINGTON
lHy Assoriatcd Press. |

LEM NGTpN. Ky. oct An lac,
tinS Tor the remainder OF the Gram.
!r'uitS trntS here was called or
ny an official announcement today.
an" me gates We're thrown open fire."
:" tn" public. While no statrment
could he obtained as Ia the reason
Tor calling all bets on. 4 is said
among racing men that inaSmuch a.
IN" races mad been postponed three
tunes all scheduled events could not
To- run. The bets were called or. II
- SAID 50 that there may he no dis
PutcS because az the cancellations
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
AMERICAN SCUOONERS
In ELIMINATION TEST
IRv Assncla,ed Ir.ss |

,IL't ESTER MASS. oct. l2.-Thc
schooner Elizabeth Howard. owned IN
sew YORK. VAS the first aCro.s the
ih" AT the start of tho American
nSh"rmcn's elimination race today.
n" "a l'untnn, Rost"n. and the Yam
n""' BOSTON. followed closely. with the
h"nIy Ford. Gloucester. nearly half
NIL" sStarn
tn" winner viii meet the Bluc Nose.
ahanIan champion. in the intcrnn
iional fishermen races.
H">t"n College Wins.
h''S TON, OCT l2-RoSton College
""f"af"d f"rdham here TODAY - 10 ~
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13

Isl IN lNiHAM. ALA. oc,. l@.--
Shni'in' mi pouElns former
,"dtI uttered a plea Of guilty in
i"ii'" Court /" charges "G drunken
ness and di@ord"rly conduct" ar. was
sentenced hy .Iude" Henry ! Martin
"h" preferred TIA" charges. ala nos
appear L" prosecute TIA" action.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
CURTIN AND TIPIITL
BATTLE TO DRAW
tBy AssocIatoA rross.l-

NEW YORK, oct i2-"Irish
Johnny Curtin. 81 Jersey C!,y anI
T"rry Mhrtln. Providence. r. l.
fought ton.rounI draw q, the POLO
Grounds today. Both weighed l-s
IN" judges also doriarcG 4 draw
IiGht" hts 10" Tlrl.ts. Of rhil!del.
rh'a, and Audy Thomas. gg Brook
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13

W NSHiN';T''N. DOT - Members
~ n" Nishams rulvi""huic Institute
tNHhHrnt football team headed by
Coach Mix" b"nuhG". wcr" received
i,.ntN ~ president iInruing AT tn"
WINE Hou>.. Th. team San ,nuf.
10 West i'"int. wh"'" on saturday. IL
WI meet tn" military dcad. my
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
SPIDER COACH TO SEE
RIVAL TEAMS BAT TIE
Jones to Handle Richmond
Eleven While Dobson
Sees Game Today.

Captain WaverIy Jones will hav.
chhrS" "t the Spider cridders in their
mnai signal hrill this afternoon.
VIM" Coach pobson is in Williams
hurE ""kins over the Randolph Ma
con and William and Mary teams. \
nn,nmI S"rimmasc WAS included in
E k',si'I work out on stadium
flclh III preparation for tho virginia
game. ANA the men wer. drilled on
covering assignments on tho new
plays, recently given out.
W." linr-"p I" start asains, vr-
pack; Sm"ad. full bach. FRAY. Ma
nancy or IirGlcr. half backs Euck .
or and E"amS. ends: Bethel, center.
irire ana Hooker, guards: Johnson
and Carlton, tackles This IucIiI,l.s
several changes from tn" team which
lined ~ against Maryland last sat
uiday Ecams. who has h"rn sun"r
hI from an injured shoulder. has
recovered and is back in III. first
eleven; Johnson has replaced Hodges
IN the lin" and Mahanry may start At
nan IN place OF Hic.lcr. who is Slight
~ injured.
The Spiders Went through the snar.
pest prh"iiC" of the season Wcdur.-
day ON stadium Field. taking ndvan,-
are Of tn" cool ialI weather i'm =
scrimmag" between the first-Striug
men aud the scrub linr-up several
new plays given out nrt,"d long
gains. he varsity going through. per
maps. the strongest scrub uutRt on
the field Tor the first touchdown IN
only five plays.
MI members "f both the Richmond
ana virginia squads are in good con
dition ana III" defense work of Nir-
Sinia as shown III their mighty effort
AGAINST princeton and the Spider grit
exhibited IN holding Maryland tn I.
S'"rri"SS tie. indicates an interest
me game tomorrow on Lambeth
Field.
The showing IF virrinia's eleven
under Coaches Campbell and Nb.ll
mas he"S unusually good thus far IN :
season. hut with expected improve
nlent IN tho Spider offensive AMI III"
1etenSiN" hEht already shown. roa,h
i'"hsnn men expect to make "A good
showing TIL" spiders nov rlays
should work almost perfectly with a
nun" more practice. Ia judge from
tho appearance OF tho team in action
Yesterday. the first time they were
tired IN ScrimmaGe
The spiders next game after mo.i-
lnE virginia viii Ice with Roauuk"
college. on Stadium Field. October
IN" freshmen will play McGuirr'y
School on Stadium Field Monday
afternoon.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
CAROLINA IS WINNER
OVER TRINITY ELEVEN
University Wins in First Foot.
ball Clash in Thirty
Years. 20 to o.
lHy Associated rrpssI

rHN FL NIL. y e.. oct r.
:MNor,n Carolina University defeated
IN TIA" first football Gam. IN which
IN" two clcvpnS hav. met IN thirty
years. TN" UNIVERSITY team WAS with
"'i itS star half back. Johnson. and
appeared u hold back it's trick PLAYS
T." aus" tn" members az tin" south
carolina University team. which plays
North Carolina Saturday. w"r" among
the spectators
Tn" gam" opened with rush hy
aroma. " hich resulted in two touch
downs within the first ton minutes
O. PLAY. IN which Carolina relied ON
S'ralEnt foot ball. Trinity. which only
resumed football two YEARS ago. raj
lied and held it's opponents sCorcIess
rom men until just hci"r" thu maj
"h'Sti'. when - forward PASS. M.r-
rni I" farrow, resulted in another
t"UChdo wn.
Although caroiina's play was
r"I+'H at times and penalties wrr"
ir"Tu"mt, tw" coming when the team
was 40 IN" noint Of scoring the Tar
heals recorded eighteen frs, downs
FOR on" for Trinity Tn" last half
Ma ~" Htd entirely 10y substitutes for
hr"Iin'' captain Neal ani center
SIMPSON were the stars at Trinity's
defense.
Lineup ana summary:
t"rol'"a ,"uJ Position. Trinity "a,
'"'hrhn ...... LETT end ........... Neal
iiawn.ld.... left tackl. Hatcher
rritchard.. lief, guard .... Talior
taptlinp
l'l'tlll center
u. Morris. right guard r"uuIuEiou
t"rdht right tackle ,'aldw,Il
lplndeHt"r... right Nui .Carter
M"I'"nald ..... quarter ........ Smith
sparrow ...... loft half .Gnrret,
r Morris. right half ..... Brown
Mc,'h"e .... fun back -. Weaver
Score 10y periods.
North Carolina 800. II T-2o
Trinity ....... o q q a. "a
North Carolina SCORING: Touch
Gowns Morris. Mcdonald Fonts
from trI"s after touchduwnS-
Nl"und -. Eofcree-';ooch Nir-
rlnlap. mpire-tarhov iEloup Head
llnrSman -i"wc tDurhamD. Tim Of
pcriods-l3 minutes
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
JACKETS md INDIANS
MIX At WILLIAMSBURG
ARandolph-Macon Expects TO
Hold William and Mary
Close.
GAME ADvA >cnn ONE DAY
Pinycrs md Students Ia Sec Centre
Tech. Clash Hero Tomorrow
Tiger. and L,nchhurS Ais" Clash
This Afternoon.


Eastern Virginia rivals clash FOR
the nrst time III the l,22 season this
afternoon when Randolph Macon
goes from Ashland to williamsburg
to take on William and Mary The
game was scheduled fcr tomorrow
but was advanced one day i'm order
that tho players and their followers
would not nc prevented from seeing
the Ccntrc-\. +. |. meeting here to-
morrow.
Coached by Rice Warren. the Vel
low Jackets seem to have found now
life filc" the return of their old
mentor. after a lapse OF ten ys.rs.
against Carolina State and held the
aEEieS IN q S"-t0-@ score. and last
SATURDAY showed that they had .
the strong Richmond Blues eleven
by IL to o.
The game today Will give the VIII.
for the first time this season. the
FIRST Two games having been on out
SIDE soil with the Indians losing to
without scoring on ho,h opponents
Randolph Macon players Will he
a.c Geo By a large party, from
Williamsburg by The expectation OF
seeing game that viii Ice an APP
peuzer for the clash here tomorrow
The probable line-urs follow:
w. n VI. Position. R-M
Chaiklsy ....L E........ joyce
Elliott .......II" IT,. cCJ smoo,
narsons ....,. l.. G........ Bevan
Ioo0 ............- 9. .......... Hughes
House .........R 8. . Arthur
Young ......... T. T. Bridsefor,h
Biei@ .........E Z. ........... Rell
Flanders ......c. B....... Riddick
Gain '" 'ss...R Il. g B... HaFq RssI!
Levy ......F b. Eaueeru,n
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13

the hrst otucIaI representative uf
t'ntr" ar Tech to arr,V" ON tho seen"
tor the opening OF hostilitics t"mor-
Yesterday morning and gave his -.
h. to all arrangements f"r the hi.
game.
kGnIrky,s inyaYhinE fore, num-
TINS morning at So" ~ Nj from
pauvill". ny, and viii ro at one"
I" Murrhy'> Hotel y" arranc"msnts
n"d ben made last nich, tor amy
practice today. hu, 1t is expected tha,
Coach Moran viii rut his charges
through light work out t" Inner
tn"m up after the long railroad trim.
Hoth teams Will rest Saturday morn
Tn, IN y T. ! >nuah WIN arrive TO-
and 10 spend tn" night away from
INC nous" OF IN" city. The Gobhicrs
return Ia Richmond via electric train
carly tomorrow and viii put up at
the Richmond Hotel for the fcw
hours before the game.
Work ON laying off the rlavjur
fieid at Mayo Island Park was com
rl"tcd yesterday when the goal nests
OF iron we're erected. The posts arc
They have hccn sct back four foe,
from the craI line with arms .A-
t"ndlnE OUT I" put the goal immcdi-
at"lN above the chalk line The 3 noo
sN,la Sca'S nave been completed and
numbered. bringing the actual seat
lhE capacity to 10000. one section
mas been reserved for colured pa
irons OF tho game. Standing room
able.
FenceS have been built around the
p!hEinE fcld 10 keep the spectators
'lns from interfering with tho
view of those having seats Tho .hnIL
INES viii he numbered. also So thar
tho spectators viii ALWAYS he i'm a
position 10 see where tho play is
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
But jazz? Never. :

Lest our substantial bust
ness friends think we've over
looked their special prefer
ence, let's say that we're ready
for them. too-with just what
they want.
Not only in style but
price!
NettletOn Shoes.
Manhattan Shirts.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13

Nowadays, though the gay
young sophomore's as gay as
ever, he's no college dandy"
That bird no longer exists
except in musical comedies
and Sunday supplements.
To be sure the real college
student has n style all his own
and is particular where he gets
his clothes
But jazz? Never.
We know, because we're in
constant touch, not only at oar
store, but through our repre-
sentative who goes" to take
orders in the college towns.
This Fall it's a high button
Sack Suit, with a perfectly soft
front, that's all the go-either.
three or fOur-button.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-10-13
Scotch Mists!
Fine variety for Fall.

'RcEistcrcd Trademark for our.
falr- weather ovcrcoats of rich Scott
fish heviots--ranproof!
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28
DEATHS

J. RI. Battles--Age 55, died at his residence, 1923 Fourth avenue, north, yesterday afternoon. He is survived by his wife; four sons. Frank, John, Sherman and Walter Battles of Birmingham and Marvin Battles of United States navy, San Francisco: three daughters, Mrs. K. A. Holton and Misses Emma and Ruth Battles of Birmingham. Funeral services this afternoon at o'clock from the Fortieth Street Methodist church. Interment in Forest Hill cemetery, Woodin in charge.
 Mrs. E. A. Haisten--Funeral services of Mrs E. A. Haisten, who died in Dothan Friday. will take place this afternoon from the woodlawn Baptist church at o'clock. Inter- ment in East Lake cemetery, Woodin in charge. Survived by husband. parents. Mir and Mrs. R. A. Gilbert of Birmingham; a brother, C. Gilbert, and a sister. Mrs. L. l.. Reeds of Dothan. Infant StmD-Tuneral services of the infant son of MT. and Mrs. T, E. Sims, who died at their residence, 71o5 Kimberley avenue, yesterday aftsrnoon.swill take place this aft ernoon at , o'clock from the resi- dence. Interment will be made in Trussell cemetery.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28
BARRY BAXTER|S
 DEAD IN NEW YORK
Well Known Actor Was Close Friend of Mary Lan-
 don Baker
Rr Aaaoointad Prnan

New York, May 27.-Barry Baxter, considered one of the leading juve- niles on the American stage, died to- day. His father is reported at the point of death in England.
 MT. Baxter, who has been playing most of the season with Ina Claire in "Bluebeards Eighth Wife" col lapsed more than a month ago in Chi cago theatre. He was porn In Win chester, England. 25 years ago. BAXTER WAS CLOSE FRIEND
 OF MARY LANDON BAKER
 Chicago, May 27.-Barry Baxter who died today in New York, at tracted considerable attention while playing here in "Bluebeard,s Eighth Wife," because of his close acquain- tance with the family of Mary Lan- don Baker, who postponed her wed- ding to Allister Mccormick after the guests had assembled at the church.
 At that time MT. Baxter was enc of the few friends who were per- mitted to sec Miss Baker. who was said to be near a nervous breakdown Following the postponement of the wedding he accompanied Miss Baker to many luncheons and entertain ments and was almost constantly in her company. When she went to Cali Aoi Hiaf nC oESOlt0u ucA lO lEdlh and met her when she came back. Reports that they were or had been engaged were emphatically denied by both.
 Mir. BaxterA collapse came shortly after Miss Baker announced that she was going to, Europe to marry Me- Cormick who had preceded her in the ocean voyage. They now are In England with the wedding expected shortly.
 Incidentally 1t became known to- day that one of the Baker -McCor- mick bridesmaids, Helen Walker. a society girl. artist-and daughter of Dr. Samuel T. Walker, prominent Chicago physician, Is to marry Stan islauws Szukalski. son of an impov- ished Polish blacksmith, who has gained recognition as a sculptor.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28

vate enterprises of an individual. On the other hand should the House con sider the fact that the Alabama Pow CT company agrees to build imme- diately one of these dams at It's own expenses, and while 1t Is understood that 1t would not be adverse to contract binding it to build the sec ond within a period of seven years, the thought would immediately sug- gest itself that the power company does not intend to engage in pro- duction of fertilizer.
 But if the House should surprise the country by nasty action, the Sem ate would remain to be reckoned with. And the Senate has it's own distinctive ideas as to what should be done. Furthermore, the belNf prevails that in the long run the Senate ideas will obtain as result of a compromise in conference. Friends of Muscle Shoals. when all aquiver in expectation of early results of conclusive character, remember that while Muscle Shoals has been a live issue In the House for ten months. 1t has had only scant consideration in the Senate.
 Remarkable Independence
 The Senate committee on agricul- ture, furthermore, displays remark able independence when compared with the conciliatory attitude of the House committee.
 The chairman sof the Senate com mittee has no more respect for the Ford offer than for the offer of Ala bama Power company, both of which he regards as primarily and funda- mentally selfish. He wants the gov ernment to own Muscle Shoals and operate 1t. Under his scheme, If 1t is ever enacted, 1t would cause little surprise were the Alabama Power company to secure the lease on the sale and distribution of power and the federal phosphorus corporation of which Theodore Swann, of Am niston, is president, the right to pro- duce fertilizer in the nitrate plants. In other words, the situation is as uncertain and almost as chaotic as when last July Ford submitted his offer to the Secretary of War. At best 1t cannot be expected that Con- gross will have disposed of Muscle Shoals before adjournment. Because of the campaigns. 1t doesn'trwant to, in the first place. aIn the second place. 1t would be impossible to sup plant the tariff bill, and after that bill is enacted the latter part of July, thu President will insist on an immediate consideration of tho ship subsidy bill
 And always there is the spectre of the bonus bill rising to disturb.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28
QUICK ACTION ON SHOALS QUESTION NOT EXPECTED
 By HUGH w. ROBERTS

Washington Bureau. Tho Ase-Herald,
 300 Davidson Building. Washington, May 27.--(Special.) )-. While the House committee on mili- tary affairs has just about completed its investigation of tho available of fers for Muscle Shoals. there Is no tangiable reason for hope that final disposition of the properties by Con- gress will be an event of this ses- sion of Congress.
 Should Henry Ford accept the terms to be offered by tho military committee (and 1t is not at all cer- tain that he will agree to the elimi- nation of the three million dollar steam plant at Gorgas) the House. 1t Is indicated would hesitate before appropriating s6o.ooo,ooo for the con- struetion of two dams to furnish power for the operation of the pri-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28
Seeks Reduced Rate
 For Naturalization
 Fee in Federal Court

Morris Barrstein, 1900 Seventeenth street. north, has begun early on the road to prosperity since reaching "the states" Barrstein, who has only been in the United States for a short time, appeared before United States. Deputy Clerk Hayes yester- day to take out first citizenship pa- pers.
 Everything passed off smoothly untiP the clerk asked for the cus- tomary fee of s1 required with first citizenship papers. Barrstein misin- tcrpreted the meaning of the s1 fee. thinking that he was being tricked by an American "slicker."
 "One dollar 'ees' too many. 'geev' 30 cents." he said.
 q can't take less than $1." steadi- ly affirmed the clerk.
 Wont 'geev dollar" said tho new conner. Will geev' 95 cents." with an air of ffnality.
 Tt Is not me that you are giving 1t to, but Uncle Sam, who is the government" said the exasperated clerk.
 "Oh, I no 'geev' to you, but to Uncle Sam. That 'ees' different. you see" Here he extracted a roll of greenbacks and peeled off s1 bill, handing it to the patient clerk.
 Barrstein has been in, America since last July He had two sisters. one brother and two uncles killed during one day of Reds" warfare in Russia. He was in Russia at that time, and Is as strong in his denun- citation of Russian lawlessness as his knowledge of English permits. Barr stein Is 27 years old, married and is attending night school here.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28

tion of certain lands owned by the Alabama company situated in rus caloosa county. Alabama.
 Petition: Ark-Ala Lumber company For an order approving the insti- tuition of condemnation proceedings by petitioner over the lands of Ii. T. Lett. in Elmore county, Alabama
 Petition: Alabama Power company For a certificate of convenience and necessity for construction of an electric distribution system in the town of Fairvfew. Alabama.
 Petition. City of Sylacauga- Ala, vs. Southern Bell Telephone and Tele- graph company-For an order by the commission to require the respondent company to furnish improved equip ment and service at Sylacauga, Ala.
 Petition: Mississippi Warrior Serv- lee vs. Southern Railway company Petitioning that the Southern Railway company establish reasonable charge for movement of locomotive crane on its own wheels between
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28
INTERESTING CASES ON COM M ISSION DOCKET ANNOUNCED
Thirteen Hearings Come Be- fore Public Service Com mission-Ice Makers to
 Ask Reduced Rates

Montgomery, May 27.-(special.l- Thirteen cases in which minor com plaints are involved are on the docket of the public service commits sion for the term which will begin June 5. The docket was made public Saturday afternoon.
 One of the cases Is a petition of the Alabama Ice Manufacturers' asso- citation for an order requiring the Alabama Power company to modify it's charges for power used by ice manufacturers.
 Another case is a citation of the commission to the Alabama Power company and the Sheffield company to show why>its contracts should not be revised, especially that portion providing for a demand charge and a readiness to serve charge.
 Other cases on the docket follow:
 Petition: Citizens of Burnwell. Ala, vs Southern Railway company-For freight and passenger depot at Burnwell.
 Petition: Southern Railway com pany-For authority to close its agency at Farill, Ala, and place same on prepay basis.
 Petltlon: Mayor ana town or Robertsda1e vs L. & N. Railroad company-For an order by the cong mission requiring the L. & N. rail- road to change the name of It's sta ton at Robertsdale. Ala, to "Robertsdale.'
 Citation: Alabama Public Service commission vs. the Alabama Power company and the Sheffield company ITO show cause why your standard contracts for wholesale and retail power should not be revised by this commission. particularly in the mat ter of the demand charge and the readiness to serve charge, or any other charge provided therein except the charge made for energy actually consumed"
 Petition: Town of Oxford vs. Ala bama Water company-For a de- crease of rates for water furnished to the town of Oxford and It's citi- zens by the Alabama Water company. and to require more adequate and efficient service by respondent to said town and citizens.
 Petitions McNeil Coal company For authority to institute condemna- tion proceedings for the eondemna-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-05-28
BALLARD DEFENDS ORDER ID REDUCE RATES IN RESPONSE
Patterson Took Matter Too Lightly Then Made Moun-
 tain Out of Mole Hill, Is Charge

Montgomery, May 27.-(Special)- S P. Gaillard, associate member of
 the public service commission, to-
 day answered the statement of A.
 c. Patterson. president of the com
 mission, issued yesterday by declar-
 ing that Mr. Patterson has made a
 mountain out of a mole-hill when
 he criticised Mir. Gaillard for in
 forming R newspaper representative
 that Mir. Patterson was not in his
 office but was attending a meeting
 of the state highway commi ssion.
 Mir. Gaillard said there was no in-
 tention on his part to do MT. Pat
 terson an injustice. Following his
 statement that he did not intend to l reflect on MT. Patterson and only ! intended to give a civil answer to i an inquiry. Mir. Gaillard defended his action in preparing the order is- ! sued Friday which requires the rail- roads to make a reduction of 12h l per cent in freight rates in line with i the order of the interstate com merce commission regarding inter l state rates.
 He declared he regretted that . matter of such importance as reduc- ption in freight rates should be so lightly esteemed "by MT. Patterson as to be treated ss A mere political issue.'
 Mir. GaiiiaSd said it was necessary to issue the order without delay as | 80 days iH a short time to allow the Eraiiroads in which to prepare chang kes In tens of thousands of tariffs. ~I but did my duty in at once pre- pairing a proper order for subm ssion to the comission and political con alterations had nothing to do with stt and could not have in any but a taundiced mind and Mir. Patterson's communication bears convincing evil dence of his being so afflicted" said MT. Gafllard.
 :, He insisted that he did not re- quest immediate acoption, but per -mitted the order. which he had pre- ! pared. to go over until Friday and that Mir. Patterson was in possess esion of q copy throughout Thurs day.
 ] He defended himself against the charge that he had not lived in Montgomery by declaring that he ! had no family and no children who were not caring for themselves or not in college and that he had lived in Montgomery.
 s.This same taundiced mind attri- butes to his associates ulterior mo- tives for the performance of their duties, but so far as I am con cerned I am now no moro in ear nest in tho performance of official duties than at any time during the last seven years" said Mir. Gailiard. "It so happens that many things the commission has been patiently work ing on are now eliminating in defi- nite action and will rapidly con tinue to ripen into favorable action for months to come, all being in harmony with the downward trend of prices generally. Cannot a good deed be done in naughty world
 without the imputation of evil mo-
 tives."