Evening star., 1922-10-29


ture of gasoline vapor and air into the
cylinders to cause an explosion re-
Quires priming. Put on the switch.
pull out the priming button all the
way and hold 1t out till the engine
starts. Don't forget that It will re,
mornings than was necessary a month
ago to start the motor. The oil In the
crank case becomes stin and the nrss
few turns Of the engine are slow ana
labored. as compared with the snappy
action Of the starter in warm weather.
amounts Of energy for 30 small oox;
and the considerate motorist should
think Of this. Long spells Of turning
cold engine over cause battery to BE-
1t Is quite hot inside the cells. This
causes warping of the plates ana 10
bound to shorten the life Of the battery
and may result In acute battery trouble
very soon.
Give Battery . Rest.
II your motor does not start after
holding the starter button down for
perhaps three seconds remove your foot
and give the battery a rest. Get out Of
the car altogether. and II you have
printing cups on the cylinders open them
and squirt tablespoonful or so Of gas
oline into them. or much winter driv-
Ing is done get some high testing sase-
tempting to start) Then get in the car
again and you will doubtless ind the en-
gine will go. 1t pays to rest a battery
between long spells Of cranking.
That there Is limit to the amount
Of priming an engine will take must not
be forgotten. After holding the primer
out for a spell Of turning over 1t u well.
II the engine does not start, to try the
next spell without priming. II tho en-
gine was flooded this will start It,.
10 oil yhatI rtyn to
ed or not sufficiently primed when 1t
iefuses to start requires very
acute gas engine sense. and It 10 well
for every owner-driver to study the
habits of his particular engine at
tentively. Such study backed up by
knowledge Of gas engine prtnc ciples
Is what prevents such troubles as the
above.
Cooling System in Winter.
1t is a reasonable conclusion that
the cooling system which keeps an
engine cool on a hot road on a calm
July or August day will cool an en-
gine too much when the Thermometer
Is below freezing and perhaps a Bit
ing wind blowing. Part Of the radi-
ator should be covered as soon as
cold weather comes along. No mat
ter whether your car runs we'll with
out this or not, an overcooled engine
lacks pep and will require much
more gas than one in which the wa
ter is just below the boiling point.
For miles per gallon an engine must
be kept warm
II a car Is to be driven much in cold
weather protective cover for the
engine and radiator is a good invest
ment. This. with the use Of anti
freezing solutions in the cooling sys-
tenn, robs winter weather OF its dan
gers to the cooling system. The
heated garage is, Of course, the ideal
way OF keeping a car. but the great
majority Of us cannot think Of this,
nor is it, in our opinion. a paying
proposition. If non-freezinE mix
lures are not used 1t is not much
trouble to drain the cooling system at
night and renll it in the morning.
Non-Free.int Solution.
Denatured alcohol is probably the
most satisfactory material for this
purpose. For temperature down to
z degrees above zero add a pint and
a half OF the alcohol to each gallon
Of water used to fill the radiator. For
zero weather use one quart and a half
FOR weather running as cold as Z
below zero add two quarts and a half
to each gallon of water.
To keep the mixture up to strength
the motor should not be overheated,
because violent boiling will boil of
n.
To test the mixture hydrometer is
useful; test the solution for its spe-
cific gravity when first made up and
add sufficient alcohol to keep IL at
this point. Usually refills demand
somewhere near a nfty-ffty mixture
Of alcohol and water. This proportion
applies only to that which is lost
through evaporation. Leakage does
not have to be replaced with a0--
where near this strength Of solution
A hydrometer for liquids lighter than
water should be used.
The specific gravity Of this cooling
fluid for zero weather should be 1853.
For degrees below zero, 1853; for 20
degrees below zero, .954
Another mixture which will not
freeze till temperature Of degrees
below zero Is reached is as follows:
Alcohol. Is per cent: glycerin, Is per
cent; water. 20 per cent.
In this mixture only the alcohol will
be lost by evaporation.
Keep all joints. cocks and cooling
system connections tight SO that Leak
age is reduced to minimum and this
cooling fluid will not be expensive
Commercial anti-freeze solutions
should not be trusted unless their ac-
ton is well tried out Solutions con-
tanning corrosive materials. such as
calcium chloride, should be avoided