davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-06-25
Chief Justice Taft the Fourth
ex-President to Be Paid
Honors in Europe.

tion abroad are made in the biog-
raphies Of Fillmore. Beyond the
fact that he declined the degree of
D. c. L. from the University of OK
ford. very little notice seems to
have been given his experiences.
Il Is mentioned that he refused the
degree because he disliked to par
ticipate in the ceremonial attach
ing to its bestowal. He made an
other trip abroad in 1866. but only.
a line in his biography covers that
visit.
OF course, the foreign tour Of ex-
President Grant, which began in
England in 1877, was the outstand-
ing trip of all former Presidents.
1t extended from Liverpool to To-
kio and was continuous trium-
phal progress. Grant was received
by many sovereigns from the time
the Queen OF England invited him
to stay at Windsor Castle to the
momentous occasion when the EN-
peror Of Japan shook his hand, an
event unprecedented in the history
of the Japanese empire. Elaborate
preparations were made through
out Europe and Asia for Gen.
Grants reception. In May, 1877,
Secretary of State Evarts addressed
a communication to the diplomatic
and consular officers of the United
States announcing the projected
tour and calling upon them to
make Grants journey a pleasant
one. Consequently, it gave to the
tour all the majesty and import
ance Of an official pilgrimage.
Gen. Grant sailed from Philadel-
phia, May II, and before he return
ed he had visited England. conti-
; mental Europe. Africa and Asia. i.
After a vociferous welcome at
Liverpool, he visited Manchester
and Leicester and received the
freedom of the city in London. al
most on the same spot in the Guild
hall, where thirty-three years lat
or Theodore Roosevelt. another
former President Of the United
States. accepted the gold box con-
CONTINUED on Third Page.) :
Evening star., 1922-06-25

Brazil by sending fleet OF three first
class dreadnaughts to Brazil under
command of an officer of high rank,
an admiral, preferably the command
ing officer of the Atlantic fleet. The
cost for fuel, counting on cruise
of forty days-twenty there and
twenty back-would amount to some
thing over 5000. 900. Congress has ap-
propriated s1.O00.0o0 for representa-
ton by the United States in the Bra
lillian centennial. but this sum must
include the erection of permanent
building. which afterward will serve
as the American embassy; the salaries
of the American commissioners in
charge of the American exhibits. and
the cost of arranging and transport
ing the various exhibits entered by
the different departments Of the
United States government. There may
be some left over, but in this officers
opinion, the State Department, which
has the fund in charge, will not be
willing to transfer the surplus to the
Navy Department. So a special ap-
preparation of 100000 or more seems
necessary.
Retaining our prestige, the respect
of Brasil and the friendly relations
which have always characterized our
dealings with-that republic are cheap
at S2O0, ,0O0-and more. Mr.. Stevens, as
quoted recently by the Associated
Press, puts the case rather strongly.
I'VE are making this special trip to
Washington" he says. because Of the
report that America might not be able
to send a flrst-line fleet because Of
the scarcity of fuel. We are ready to
ask for a special appropriation be-
cause we believe that little thing like
the lack of fuel in this nation would
be little short of tragic to our South
American relations.
England. France and Japan have
signified their desire to send a real
fleet to Rio de Janeiro for the expo
sition. It is certain that England
will present a fleet OF the very high
est sort. II America sends down a
second-clas fleet, our relations with
Brazil will suffer.
South Americans, particularly
Brazil, feel that the sisterhood of
American republics is at stake. They
feel that If the United States does
not send an imposing fleet out Of a
desire to honor Brazil. the sister
hood of REPUBLICS will then be only
a name''
1t is not necessary to dwell on the
impression of the United States
which would be created In the minds
Of South Americans who saw a
second-rate feet flying the American
Evening star., 1922-06-25

and the employees contributed at "a
per cent of their salaries, the gov
ernment should be required to put
aside 2.31 per cent of the pay roll
for the retirement benefits of en-
ployes for about thirty years, after
which time LOG per cent of salaries
of employees would be sufficient TO
support the fund. -r-
In discussing the contemplated con-
tribution of the federal government
to the fund Representative Fred
erick Lehlbach, chairman of the civil
service committee of the House,
points out that now. while the gov
ernment is borrowing money and
while the fund raised by deductions
from the pay of employees is sufficient
to meet all annuity requirements II
would be folly for the government
to borrow money to put into this
fund. go
The governments position is that
annuities to government employees IL
they pay in 2k per cent of their
salaries. Whenever the contributions
of the employees are not sufficient TO
meet the annuity disbursements the
federal government will make up the
deficit. The government is now
borrower from the employees contri-
buttons. and sooner or later these
borrowings must be repaid.
1t is desirable, Chairman Lehlbach
stresses. that legislation be put
through as soon as possible, although
i. will not be necessary for ten years
to come, but 1t would be saving TO
do it now. If the government must
borrow 1t had better borrow from the
clerks as it is now doing. AS soon as
the Treasury is in easier condition II
will be wise for Congress to take up
the matter of making definite annual
appropriations to the fund merely to
keep down what would be cumula-
tive cost in the future. This will not
be undertaken until the danger of
deficit in the Treasury is averted. '-
X X X
But the entire system rests on the
good faith OF the government. It is
inconceivable that the government
after collecting contributions from
employees over a period Of years
would "welch'' on paying annuities
when due, and any individual empioye
could go into the Court Of Claims and
get his annuity.
Regarding the four recommenda-
tiors made by the board of actuaries
to remove certain inequalities, Repre-
sentative Lehlbach argues that they
viewed the matter from an actuarial
and insurance standpoint. while the:
government is not and never has In
tended to pay annuities as insurance
in proportion to premiums paid. s He
insists that the fundamental principle
on which the retirement legislation
is based is to take such precautions
as a reasonably prudent person should
take to safeguard against want In
age when ones earning capacity is
gone. Experience showed that gov
ernment employees were not making
such provision, and so legislation was
passed providing for compulsory
contribution of 2h per cent to such
an annuity fund.
Evening star., 1922-06-25
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN.

BY G. GOULD LINCOLN.
ny yHEN. the Constitution Of the
w ss Tn'ss ed s,as. ,a1ss.ss.s was sf ssa%ss sss
country. precaution was
taken to make it impossible of change
or amendment until after any pro-
posed change had been scrutinized
carefully and had received the real
support of the great mass Of the
people. Since the date of the Con-
stitution's adoption in 1888 the fun
damental law Of the land has been
amended nineteen times-and the first
ten amendments, containing the bill
of rights" which safeguard freedom
of speech and of religious belief. etc.
were adopted in 1871. The rest of the
amendments. nine in number, are the
only changes in the Constitution made
in the course of Isl years. They deal
with slavery, equal rights for citi-
zens irrespective of color. federal in
come taxes, the election of United
States senator's by popular vote.
prohibition and woman suffrage.
X
But because the Constitution has
been amended so few times does not
mean that many men both in and out
of Congress have not been restive
under the provisions of the Constitu-
tion, and have not advocated easier
and simpler methods of changing the
fundamental law. Senator La Fol-
lot Of 10 Iof IN
urge constitutional amendment. He
proposes to curb the federal courts.
and, in effect, to take from the Su-
preme Court the right to determine
whether a law enacted by Congress
conforms to the Constitution. In the
opinion of Senator La Toilette, there
has grown up in this country a "ju-
dicial oligarchy," headed by the Su-
preme Court, and this oligarchy
should have it's wings clipped He
made the charge during an address
before the American Federation of
Labor. dealing particularly with the
decision of the Supreme Court hold
ing the child labor law unconstitu-
tional. He has reiterated the charge
lean Federation of Labor has taken
up the matter, and has committed it
self to an amendment of the Consti-
tuition in line with that proposed by
the Wisconsin senator.
X X +
The plan of Senator La Toilette Is
q congressional veto of decisions of
resolution proposing an amendment
to the Constitution which shall hold
1. That no inferior federal judge
Evening star., 1922-06-25
Uncle Sam Has Not Contributed
To Fund for Retiring Workers

| which becomes effective September I.
and about 1000 are affected by the
amendment, effective from date Of ap-
proval. June IT.
The fund is raised by each unit Of
| the government service Withholding
| 2k per cent from the salary Of each
employe and then reporting the total
| amount deducted in each department
| to the division Of bookkeeping and
| to be included in an annual report to
Congress The total deductions re-
ported for the fiscal year ended June
| 80. 1921. were as follows: Legislative.
$134,S99.63; executive proper. $1S.-
651.34; Panama canal, maintenance
and operation. $2s.1Oo.s3; State De-
partment, $23.21023; Treasury De-
partment. $1,331,s65.47; Independent
bureaus and Offices. $2o5,275.45; Dis
trict of Columbia, $47.65s.4f: War De-
partment. s1,124.s1S.71; Navy Depart
ment, $2.073.3Ss.0S; Interior Depart
ment, $270,394.S2; Post ONCE Depart
| ment, including postal service. sS.557.-
o62.51; Department of Agriculture.
$456.311S0; Department of Commerce,
$146,653.37; Department of Labor.
| 77,076.S3; Department Of Justice and
judicial, s1s,o6s.21-making a total of
$12,513.636.69.
AS nearly as can now be approx
mated. the deductions during the fiscal
year which ends June 80 will aggre-
gate $14,0oo.ooo.
This year offers a particularly diff
fcult forecast on account OF the
large number separated from the
service In the various departments
and the consequent abnormal demand
for refunds of money which these dis
missed employees have paid into the
fund and a return Of which they are
entitled to.
The number of annuitants on the
roll of July 1. 1921, was 6.471, and on
July 21, 1922. there will be about $500,
or an increase of 1000 during the
present fiscal year. There was ex
pended last year to those 6.471 an
nuitants s2.5so.56s.52. The amount
that will be paid during the current
fiscal year to the 1900 annuitants will
be approximately s4,200.ooo.
During the fiscal year 1921 there
were 26.116 claims for refunds. which
| aggregated s322.s7s.s2. and during
the current fiscal year there are
about 10000 refunds. aggregating ap-
proximately s2.2Oo.Ooo.
Il + +
The law provides how the fund
raised by the deduction of 2k per
| cent from each employees salary
shall be invested. 1t Is now invested
in liberty bonds bearing Az and Az
per cent interest. These liberty bonds
were bought in the open market and
| below their face value, SO that the
ultimate value of the fund is en-
| HANGED. Bonds to the par value Of
s17,9S4,250 were bought at an invest
ment cost of s17,1so.6O5.64. The in
terest and profits amount to $751;
| 25464.
The board of actuaries has recon-
mended to Congress, through the Sec
| retary of the Interior, that il the
present scheme of benefits were kept
Evening star., 1922-06-25
Study of the Coal Situation Shows
That Crisis May Be Here in August

Of the country will be hardest hit by
the shortage.
There has been little change during
the week in the number of men on
strike, but the consumers stock piles
are being drawn upon to meet the
deficit between consumption and pro-
duction. How great is the draft upon
stocks cannot be accurately stated.
because the rate of consumption is
not known. but there are evidences
that business is reviving and the con-
sumption of coal increasing.
Figures collected by the geological
survey show that on March 1 con-
sumers had in storage approximately
52,500,O00 tons of soft coal. By April
/, considering the rate at which coal
has been leaving the mines recently,
this reserve will have increased to at
least 100000 tons. The quantity
on April l was about equal to the
maximum reached at the end Of the
war. 1t was pointed out. however,
that stocks are never evenly divided.
In every community there are con-
sumers who store virtually no coal.
1t must also be remembered that a
sary for steady operation. it being
added that when the stocks dropped
to 2O.oOO.OO0 tons in 1920 the market
was seriously disturbed.
X II X Il
Industrial consumers in New Eng
land as a whole carried reserve Of
seyenty-one days. and for the United
States the.average was fffty-six days.
only large group of consumers to re-
port smaller stocks on March 1 than
at the beginning of the year. At the
rate their customers were calling for
soft coal in the two months of Janu-
ary and February coal dealers had a
stock sufficient to last twenty three
days.
The danger level in the stock of
soft coal has been placed at 100000
tons, and. as pointed out before, in
dustries were seriously disturbed in
1920, when the stocks reached that
level. The geological survey oificials
pointed out that the present market
has quickened. as indicated by. the
rising spot prices-that is, the prices
paid for coal not sold on contract.
Some districts now are producing at
a maximum, but in others, particu-
larly the Southern Appalachian, which
includes part of Kentucky. Tennessee
and Alabama, and the field Of the
Rocky Mountain states, including
Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and
Washington. not affected by the
strike. demand is not yet active
enough to call out full-time produc-
tion.
y \ 4
| II has been estimated that the stock
Of bituminous coal in tho hands of
railroads, Industrial consumers, pub
lie utilities, retailers and unbilied
coal. April 1. 1922. approxfmated sS,-
100000 tons. Assuming weekly
consumption of 100000 tons, the
total consumption up to June was
74,250,000 tons, of which 38.164.0o0
tons was received from the mines
working. the balance being taken
Evening star., 1922-06-25
Engineers Designate !.
Management Week

To stimulate national interest in
the solution Of the problems of man
agement In industry, the American
Society Of Mechanical Engineers has
designated the period October 16 to
81 as Management week." during
which meetings OF. engineers will be
held In all sections of sthe country.
The Society Of Industrial Engineers,
Of which Prof. Joseph w. Roe, head
Of the, department Of Industrial yengf-
nserins Of New York University. Is
president. and the Taylor Society will
CO. operate. S - IS = ~
Evening star., 1922-06-25

N ATIONAL prestige in far-
M away country isn't measured
in dollars and cents and
voters back home. Fuel oil
for the Navy is. and there's a theory
that every gallon Of it saved to the
downtrodden, over-burdened, etc, tax
payer means one more vote. There
fore the anxiety nthe part of those
most vitally concerned as to whether
the United States will be represented
| at the Brazilian centennial exposition
| by an imposing fleet. or whether this
country will be content to send down
a second class vessel or so to keep up
appearances.
The Issue may be brought to head
soon, for William G. Stevens. presi-
dent of the American Chamber OF
| Commerce in Brazil and a delegate
representing the United States at the
centennial, has come post haste from
Rio de Janeiro to urge a naval rep
resentation commensurate with that
planned by Japan. England and
France.
~ *
Naval officers are inclined to view
| the situation pessimistically. The
! Navy bill has made them so. They
haven't the fuel oil needed now for
ordinary maneuvers, they say, let
alone an extraordinary maneuver,
such as sending a first-class fleet
| chasing way down to Brazil" on
itwenty-day cruise. And they've come
| to feel that every time a Representa-
tive hears the Navy wants something
extra. cries of Bloody murder, stop
thiefr echo back and forth from Capt.
tol Hill. and the Congressional Rec
ord gets bulky in defense Of the
voters who have to foot the bill. 1t
seems a special appropriation for the
trip would be necessary, and special
appropriations for the Navy aren't
the most popular things in the world
these days.
r, The Navy Department has not heard
yet what sort Of fleets are going to
be sent from France. England and
Japan. But the impression has been
| created that all three powers are pre-
paring to send fleets in keeping with
the Significance Of the occasion and
| Brazils Importance in the world to-
day. Mr.. Stevens came to the United
States on the strength Of reports that
the United States did not intend to
| send a first-class fleet because of the
shortage, or rather scarcity. of fuel.
k*;*
A naval officer whose rank and po-
sition enables him to speak with au-
thority states that the United States
} shod.d retain its present prestige in
Evening star., 1922-06-25

H1EF JUSTICE TAFT is
the fourth former Presi-
4 dent of the United States
to be accorded distin-
land. Preceding him were ex-
Presidents Millard Fillmore, U. 8.
Grant and Theodore Roosevelt.
Search Of the biographies of the
Presidents fails to reveal any
others who visited England or
continental Europe after their
term of Office expired. Woodrow
Wilson, who departed for Europe
early in December, 1918, was the
'only President who went abroad
while chief executive of the United
States.
b. A number of the early Presi-
dents were received in foreign
lands with honor before they were
elected to the position. of chief
executive Of this country John
Adams was minister to England in
1855. John Quincy Adams, his son,
was minister to The Hague in
1894, afterward being transferred
to Russia, and also, he assisted as
an envoy from the United States
in negotiating the treaty of Client
in 1914, ending the war Of 1872
with England. Jefferson was min
lister to France in 1885. Monroe
was minister to the same country
in 1894, and again in 1902. He was
also sent as minister to England
and to Spain. Buchanan was min
lister to Russia in 1881 and in 1852
minister to England. But. as has
been said, all these appointments
were made before the men receiv-
ing them had been elected Presi-
dent
The first ex-President to visit.
Europe was Millard Fillmore, who
made the trip in 1855. While in
England he was the recipient of
marked attention from eminent
peopIe. He was received by the
queen and was treated as person
Of great distinction.
Il il somewhat remarkable that
only brief reference to his recep-
Evening star., 1922-06-25
BY WILLIAM J. wHEATLEY.

~ OAL reserves or stocks of the
country are rapidly being de-
pleted Figures in the pos
session of the various gov
ernment agencies studying the coal
situation Indicate that there is only
enough bituminous coal on hand. to-
gether with the comparatively small
amount being mined, to last from
four to FIVE weeks.
There are no stocks of domestic size
anthracite coal on hand. with the ex-
ception of pea size. and no anthracite
is being mined. The stocks of pea size
anthracite total only 100000 tons,
while that of steam size anthracite
totals a like amount What anthra-
cite coal there is. with the exception
of the pea size. is ip the hands Of the
dealers, and the government investi-
gators have found no accurate way
of collecting information on this
point These stocks. 1t was said at
the Department of Commerce, have
practically all been sold.
* **
From an examination of the fig
ures in the possession of the geo.
logical survey of the Department OF
the Interior and the fuel division of
the Department of Commerce. 1t would
appear that the coal situation Is fast
becoming alarming, with no relief in
sight.
Accurate statistics on the stocks O:
anthracite and bituminous coal are
not available later than March 1, in
the geological survey, that bureau
not having the funds with which to
send out the Investigators to get the
information. but the Department of
Commerce has been collecting later
information
1t is apparent from the information
in the possession of the government
that the demand for coal is increas-
ing with the lifting of the business
depression, but in the face of this the
production is decreasing.
* + + +
Production of soft coal in the elev-
enth week of the strike was 5,07s.ooo
tons. but the experts said that the
week just closed, statistics for which
are not yet in. is expected to show a
decrease in production. Including the
1900 tons dredged from the rivers,
the total output of all coal during
the week ending June II was 5,0s1,000
tons. In the corresponding week OF
1921, q year Of acute business de-
preston, production, including an
thracite, was. s.s74.00o tons. In the
active year Of 1890, 1t was 1886. .o00
tons. 1t was pointed out that II an
thracite and ,bituminous coal be re-
xarded as a common supply. Of fuel
It VIII be- seen that the coal now
being raised weekly Is from 100000
to 7,o0o, 900 tons below normal.
1t IL dinlcult to say, the government
experts PORTED out, Just which great
section Of the country, is suffering
greatest from the coal situation. The
manufacturing district of New Eng
land II said. to be In q good condition
from . fuel standpoint. az are other
esctions Of the east. and It IL believed
thas the northwest and lake sections