davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
By Liable .MOREAUX-
Director of the Observatory of Bow0es)
How the Sun Rules the EahS OimacA Famous French ASOno
Predicts Period Of Seventeen DRY Years Caused by Sun Spot
I

Y ~ awo-1nspiring furnace. an
~ fmmense ana raging crater.
twisted spouts of mean
descent vapor, clouds Of fire.
sea Of flames dashed by . never
ending tempest, an inferno far
surpassing anything that the most
disordsred and fantastic imagina-
tion can ever conceive--sueh is the
appearance which the binding sur
face OF the sun presents to the
wondering eyes of the astronomer
who gaxes upon the solar brazier
from behind the specially adapted
lenses Of his telescopes.
A conflagration which every
minute consumes a million and =
half earths the size OF ours. throw
ing out into space heat represent
ing the combustion Of seven hun
dred millions OF billions tons Of
coal. and that for millions OF years
past--such is the unthinkable
power OF the burning mass which
maintstns life upon the planets.
In bygone days men believed In
a sun that was always radiant.
that never faitered and was magni-
ficicntiy serene. In sun that sbed
upon the earth an unvarying guam
tity Of heat. In those times the
number of calories received from
the sun by each square centimeter
Of the earth's surface had been
known a. the ''solar constant"
When I first began my studies
Of the sun some five-and-twenty
years ago. I suspected that the
fluctuations of temperature and
climate variations on the earth
were due TO variations Of solar
heat. As early as 1sss II was my
opinion that n this were proved
the mechanism OF the orb Of day
would be found to correspond with
that Of certain variable" stars
well known in the annals of as
tronomy. I. therefore. assumed
that the emission of heat by the
sun was subject to periodical
changes. and from that day on
ward I gave II the name Of the
'.solar inconstant."
MONSTERS STRENGTH.
Facts have since proved that
was entirely right. II has been
shown beyond dispute that all
stars are variable In brilliancy, and
that the sun, which is merely one
Of q myriad of stars. In subject to
periodical fluctuations. the cycle
covering about eleven years At
certain periods the solar fever
reaches its climax. but these heat
storms are followed by iuils Just
like our earthly tempests.
Every eleven years this un-
speaksbls consumption OF energy
seems to exhaust the monsters
strength. There is spell Of calm.
the waves Of fire lower their fam
ing crests. the heat diminishes and
falls from 5000 or 10000 degrees
to the still formidable figure OF
5000 or 1000 degrees. remaining
far superior TO any attainable tenn
peratnres even in this age of cleo
trioity.
Then the heat again increases
and dark spots appear in which all
the elements are volatilized. For
a period Of four and a half years
these spots continue to increase in
number and In size and the cycle
begins anew. 1t is easy to under
stand that when the fiery furnace
is In thia state of frenzy the
planets and the earth receive a
greater quantity Of heat. a fact
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

which I have tried to prove con-
clusiyely by q study Of the known
and accepted variations Of our oil
mate.
This was not AZ easy matter
as II would seem at first sight
Our globe being entirely sur
rounded by water, the greater the
heat of the sun the denser the
ensuing evaporation. What hap
pens may be illustrated by the
porous vessels known a. ''alcar
razas" used in tropic lands to
keep water cool. in which the
water grows even cooler when the
vessel is exposed to the sun.
However. have been able to show
that the ice OF the polar regions
melts more rapidly when the sun
spots reach their maximum In
tensity. which proves that under
these circumstances the sun IL
hotter. The results are tho same
whichever planet is taken into
consideration. and It Ia curious to
see the polar regions of Mars
submitted TO the same fluctua-
tions as the polar regions of our
Earth.
Here we have the explanation Of
a fact--to all Appearances para
doxicai-that when the sun 10
very hot the climate OF certain
countries. especially In early
springs. shows an abnormal fall
in temperature. This ia really
caused by the breaking up OF the
ice in the polar regions and the
detachment of huge floating ice-
bergs that cool the ocean cur
rents. such as the Gulf streamS or
the other ocean currents which
have so great an influence on the
temperature of western Europe.
EXPLAINS GRAIN CROPS.
In tropical countries. where the
climate is more or less regular,
the eleven-year cycle of the sun
spots undoubtedly governs mean
temperatures. but the annual va
riations are slight. and even be-
tween. the maximum and mini
mum years there can only be a
difference of a fraction of a de-
gree.
1t is not difficult to find the
reason for this. Each increase of
temperature in the sun comedies
with the appearance OF sun-spots
and a rise In the thermometer.
This rise In temperature is imme-
diately followed by copious evap-
oration. the formation OF clouds.
and downpours of rain. Hence
the comparative coolness recorded
in the tropics.
The phenomenon is not so
marked in the interior of CONT
nents. Sometimes II 10 even re-
versed. In the broad desert plains
OF Siberia and the Sahara. possi-
bly, also in the interiors OF North
and South America, each maxi
mum Of spot corresponds to a rise
In temperature in the years which
precede and those which follow.
This explains why the produc-
ton Of corn and grapes in France
--and of corn the world over--is
represented by curves which are
virtually Identical with those of
the solar spots.
In the tropics, by reason of the
periodicity of solar heat, rain
should be distributed according to
regular cycle, and this is ex-
actly what happens At Bogota,
the capital of Colombia, the
periods of drought are grouped
around the years showing a min
The Washington times., 1922-04-09
A Glowing Intellect.

lar Habits and very Methodicai.
He had so much TO do every Day
and he had TO work on a close
Schedule.
In the Morning. after his wife
had arisen and started the Fire
and put on the Griddie. Mr.. Nor
decai #. ouinsy would arise and
take few Observations OF the
Weather. He was a very able
Pnognosticator. and one OF his
fayorite Stunts was 20 get up In
the Morning and do a little Fore
casting for the benefit OF HIS wits
aud Daughter.
After Breakfast he put on his
oyercoat and wrapped himself up
In a Comforter so as not to catch
Cold and lose the Use OF his Voice.
II MordecaI +. Quinsy had lost the
use OF his voice this Country
would have been In a Bad Way.
Pdr. ouinsy knew q Druggist who
took Daily Paper. and so. the
first thing every morning. he went
to the Drug Store to find out what
Fool Break had ben made by Con-
gress. After reading the Paper he
sat by the Stove and laid out some
Work for the Ways and Means
Committee.
After which he went down to the
Station to see Number Six 20
through.
After which he went up TO the
Post-office to wait until the Mail
had been distributed. One day In
1910 Mordecai received a Seed Cat
alogue, and after that he was en-
courased. While Waiting for his
Mail Mr.. Quinsy said a few plain
Words about the japanese and
stood up for the Open Door.
"a About IL o'clock every day Mr..
ouinsy acted as Referee In Pool
Game and then went over to the
Barber Shop to look at the Illus
trated Papers containing the Pic-
lures OF Screen Favorites and Not
ed Criminals. Mr.. ouinsy was
deeply interested In all Murder
Mysteries. and for every Case he
had a few Theories Of his own
that would have been a great help
70 the Police.
A WEAK BACK.
Just at II o'clock Mr.. ouinsy
went home aud ate a hearty Din
ner. after which he returned to
Main Street smoking a FARMLAND
Regalia ami gazing thoughtfully
at the Ground. trying 70 straighten
out the Naval Reduction pr.b bicrn.
II there was nothing doing at
the Couft-House, Mr.. Quincy usu-
ally went TO the. Reai-Estate Office
and xrapplsd with the Trust
Problem. He had given much
Thought 20 the Matter Of legis-
lating against Infamous Combines.
and he was one OF the first TO
discover that the Trusts were try
ing TO whip-saw the Working
Classes.
About the time that ne had
solved the Trust Problem he had
10 go over and SEQ the Afternoon
Train go through and wait for
his Mail onoe more.
Late In the Day he usually
dropped IN et an Undertakes
shop whore a Veterinary Surgeon
and retired Truck Farmer were
collaborating on q Foreign Policy
for the State Department, Mr..
ouinsy was always able 10 slip
I'm few suggestions,
A. $50 he would purehss., a
Pound of Oyster Crackers and
have thsm charged, Then he
would SO home 10 Tea, and tsIi
Mrs, Quincy and daughter to fIx
up the Sofa for him. as he was
suffering frem a Headache and
wanted to Rest Tor n little while,
MORAL What we nssd IN
America is ths 6sspei sf R~,axa-
tso&-
,cu~s,~s., ,sss Tnv vn. m.v
The Washington times., 1922-04-09

sc~pyrlxss. 1888. Fly rhs ssn
synaissfa. IncJ
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1922-08-04

Miss Ruth Pearl, a little r.
year-old girl, surprised old sea
dogs of the Rockaway Park Yacht
club by winning first place in the
Sea News class in the regatta of
that organization. She sailed her
craft with amazing skill in the
fresh breeze.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1922-08-04

Two Jews were boasting of the good
qualities of their two sons. Izadore
said, "Why, my boy has water on the
Ishwa replied, "That's nothing,
my boy has gas on his stomach"
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1922-08-04
NOTICE OF LETTING CONTRACT

Notice is hereby given, that the
Board of Trustees of School District
Nc. IA, of Valley County, Montana,
will, on the 10Th day of August, 1922,
at the hour of three o'clock D. M, at
the office of the County Superintend-
ent of Schools, at Glasgow, Montana,
award a contract to the lowest respon-
sible bidder, for the furnishing of ma
terials and the erection of a school
house in said district on the northwest
quarter of the northwest quarter of
section "a, in township 20 north, of
range 38 E. M. NJ, plans and speci-
fications for which building are on file
in the office of the County Superin-
tendent of Schools.
All bids should be addressed to the
Clerk of said Board, Ole O. Bronstad,
Tampico, Montana, or in care of the
County Superintendent Of Schools, at
Glasgow, in sealed envelopes, each bid
accompanied by a certified check rep
resenting 5 per cent of bid, payable to
the order of said Clerk, to be forfeited
by the successful bidder if he shall
fail to enter into contract in accord
ance with his bid. The successful bid
Ter will also be required to furnish a
bond, approved by the board, for the
faithful performance of the contract.
The Board reserves the right to re-
ject any and all bids.
OLE o. BRONSTEAD,
Clerk of said School District.
Pub. August 4, II.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1922-08-04

NOTICE OF SHERIFF'S SALE
In the District Court of the Seven
teenth Judicial District of the State
of Montana, in and for the County
of Valley.
The Glasgow National Bank of Glas-
gov, Montana, a corporation, Plain
tiff,
Allen A. Fulton, Defendant.
To be sold at Sheriff's sale, at the
front door of the County Courthouse,
in the City of Glasgow, Valley County,
Montana, on the oath day of August,
1922, at two o'clock p. m., of said day,
pursuant to order of sale issued in
the above entitled action on the 22nd
day of July, 1922, the following des-
cribed property to-wit:
North half of the Southeast quarter
(NhSEA) and Lots One Cd and Two
(2), the South half of the Northeast
quarter (SkNEA) and the South Half
of the Southeast quarter (ShSEA)
of Section Two (2), Township thirty
three 1887 North Range Forty-two
(42) East Montana Meridian, contain
ing 319.49 acres, more or less, accord
ing to the United States Government
Survey thereof.
Dated at Glasgow, Montana, this
9th day of July, 1922.
C. A. HALL, Sheriff.
By C. ]. HANSON, Under Sheriff.
Pub. Aug. 4, II, 10.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1922-08-04
LEGAL NOTICES
PRIMARY NOMINATING ELEC.
TON NOTICE

Notice is hereby given that on Tues
day, the 29th day Of August, 1922, at
the several Precincts in the County of
Valley, Montana, a Primary Nominat-
ing Election will be held at which the
Republican,, Democratic, and any other
regularly organized political party will
choose their candidates for State, Dis
trict, County, Precinct and other Of
fices, namely:
One United States Senator
One Representative in Congress
(Second District).
One Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Montana
One Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Montana
One Railroad and Public Service
Commissioner
One Clerk of the Supreme Court
One State Senator
Two Representatives of the Legisla.
One Sheriff
One County Treasurer
One County Clerk and Recorder
One County Attorney
One County Assessor
One County Surveyor
One County Superintendent of
Schools
One County Coroner
One Public Administrator
Two Justices of the Peace for Each
Judicial Township
Two Constables for Each Judicial
Township
One Committeeman for Each Politi-
cal Party of Each Precinct.
of their respective Political Party, the
Polls for which election will be opened
at IL o'clock noon on said day, and
continue open until z o'clock in the
afternoon of the same day.
Dated this 18th day of July, 1922.
LOU E. BRETZKE,
County Clerk and Recorder.
Pub. August 4-25.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1922-08-04
ANNUAL FINANCIAL
STATEMENT
OF the County Of Valley, State Of Montana
For the Fiscal Year Ending June
30th, 1922

TO THE HONORABLE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS VI
VALLEY COUNTY, MONTANA:
Gentlemen: In accordance with the provisions of Section 1858 of the
Revised Codes of Montana, l herewith submit for your approval my annual
financial statement of the fiscal year, ending June 80, 1922.
Respectfully submitted.
LOU E. BRETZKE,
Clerk end Recorder.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
C0LDFlELD HAS
$4,000 ASSETS
10 Per Cent. Compost
ton Offer Made-To
Investigate w h e r e :
about of His Stock.

Morris T. Goldield conducted a
business on East Main street and
made a specially of selling baby car
riages. He also sold monographs,
that the purchaser of one of his baby
carriages might have the youngest
Iulled to sleep. Among the records
sold by Goldfield for his phonograph
was evidently Wait til the Sun
Shines Nellie'' when Louis Steinhart,
a member of the Star Trucking COM
pany testified yesterday before
Referee in Bankruptcy John ]. Keogh
be told how Goldf1eld said: You'll
get yours when the sun shines" on
presentation of bill.
What do you mean" said Stein
hart.
bankruptcy" said Goldield.
Lyman Epstein, Louis Steinhart.
and Sam Mirsky, officers of the truck
ing company, were subpoenaed to
appear at the hearing yesterday to
answer to the charge made by Cold
field that they took S2.5OO worth of
stock belonging to him from storage.
They explained that after carting sew
eral loads of merchandise from the
store of the bankrupt on East Main
street to their barn on Calhoun ave-
nue., they presented a bill for 500.
This was the occasion when they
were told that they would receive pay
nent when the sun shone. Later they
GClulSlu " IS1IONS SOlAS
of the merchandise, but restrained
him from removing all until payne mt
of their bill was made.
Go1dfield declares that he is bank
rupt and shows assets of about 1000
while his liabilities total approximate
ly $24,0000- When asked to explain
this yesterday he stated that stock in
storage had been removed by the Star
Trucking company.
He has submitted an offer of 10
ner cent settlement with his creditors
but no action will be taken on this
until a thorough investigation as to
the Whereabouts of some of his stock
| is made. Go1dheld claimed that he
never kept any books other than q
check book. Solomon Badesch, trus-
| tee of the estate, said that the checl;
| book had not been turned over to
him.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
NO "SPLIT VOTE"
IN new ELECTION

Stratford, July 13-No candidates
have been entered by the friends of
the councilmen in the coming recall
elections. This action allays the
fears of the Peoples General Com
mittee that the so-called anti-Hunter
faction would enter candidates in the
coming recall election and that with
a split of votes in three different di-
rections, the councilmen- would be
enabled to return to office.
The time limit for entering can
didates has expired and this leaves
only two factions in the race, the
Peoples General Committee, or the
so-called Hunter faction against the
present councilmen, so-called anti
Hunter faction.
The present chairman of the coun-
ell, Robert B. Turney. will be op-
posed for reelection by Harold F.
DeLacour in the Third district;
Emanuel Hendrickson in the Fourth
district will oppose the reelection Of
Vito Benedetti; Col. Louis J. Herr
mann will oppose Richard Stanton in
the Sixth district; Harry WilcoXson
will be a candidate against Ralph 9.
Sherwood in the Seventh district; Will
liam W. Wakelee will fight Walter A.
Healing for election in the Eighth
district, and Albere Coulter will OPP
pose the reelection of Mills Toml1n-
son in the Ninth district.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
SENATOR WATSON
To SPEAK HERE
Ate. 0. P. OUTING

Senator James L. Watson OF In
diana, will be the speaker at the Re
publican Field day to be held at
Pleasure Beach, July 20. This an
nouncement was made at a meeting
of the general committee held last
night at the Sixth District Republi-
can club.
Senator Watson has accepted the
invitation to speak at the Field day
More than $50 Invitations have been
sent out to mem bers of the state cen
trail committee and members of the
legislature Prominent political lead
ers throughout the state have slgn1-
fled their intention of attending.
Bridgeport firen1en and the Water
bury firemen baseball teams will be
Ione of the features of the day. Other
sports are being arranged for by a
special committee.
The district presidents or leaders
to whom the registration for the baby
show may be sent are: First district,
Mrs. Franklin E. sullivan; Third dis
tr.ct, Mrs NJ. Nicholas: Fourth dis
trict Mrs. Grace Richardson; Sixth
Rost Seventh district. Miss Harriet
Keith: Eighth district. Mrs. Mary
Lynch Ninth district Mrs. Howard
Sweet: Tenth district, Mrs. A. V.
Eleventh district. Mrs. Cora Dorm:
Twelfth district, Mrs. George Morris.
In the second and fifth districts
where there are no district presi-
dents, registrations may be sent tic
Mrs. FRANKLIN E. Sullivan, 406 West
avenue. Senator Watson will be one
CT the judges of the baby show Val
liable prizes will be awarded to the
prize winning babies.
The next meeting of the committee
will be held Monday night at the Sixth
district Republican clubs rooms "a
Madison avenue and Charles street.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
Treasurer's Office
Not Large Enough

The city treasurers office is look
ing for larger quarters, it was learned
today at City Hall Negotiations for
larger Office space are proceeding ac-
cording to City Treasurer Williams
who said today that he has looked
over several available places.
At present the city treasurerS Of
flee is cramped for space. The pres
ent office is in the FIRST National
Bank building where the city treas
urer, assistant city treasurer and
clerk are housed. Three desks, large
strong boxes, and a safe take up all
the available room there is.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
FALLS FROM AUTO
BOY SLIGHTLY HURT

While riding on the rear end of an
autom mobile truck, Angelo Styhrin,
eight years old, So BurEougs street,
fell heavily to the road yesterday at
Sterling and Kossuth street. EXamina-
ton by DIR. E. J. Susslin of the Elmer
sency hospital showed Angelo to be
suffering from a cut over the right
eye, Commissions about the forehead
and bruised about the body After
treatment the boy was taken to his
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
COLLIE DOG on RAMPAGE.

A collie dog owned by Frank
Sheehan, of 40 Black Rock avenue,
was seized suddenly yesterday with a
fit, described as rabies, yesterday
morning, gravely alarming members
of the Sheehan family as it darted
about the house swapping and froth-
ing from the mouth.
The dog was trapped in the cellar
of the Sheehan home and shot by Of
ficer Hugh Herman before any per-
son was bitten.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
TO SELL TAFTS STOCK

By reason of the refusal of the
composition offer of 80 percent by
the creditors of Dan Taft, bankrupt,
automobile accessory dealer of Main
street, yesterday at a hearing before
Referee John J. Keogh, his stock will
De sold at public auction. Eight
creditors refused the composition Of
fer while seven agreed to accept il.
Attorney Paul Goldberg was appoint
ed trustee of the estate.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
WESTERN union
INCOME GREATER

According to figures just released
the net operating income of the West
ern Union Telegraph company for the
first five months of this year is greater
by % per cent. than the income for
the same period last year. The great
er income is due to lowered operating
expenses. The following tables show
earnings of the company from Janu-
airy 1 to May 81, 1922, compared with
corresponding months in 1921:
Gross Operating ReXenue.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
tai s40,76S,459 s4S.004,44S
RalanCn After, Enhances
Total .... sS,2S5,923 S6,442,299
Net Operating Income.
LARRY sEnIoN ENGAGED.

11cs Angeles. July 1S-Ths engage
ment of Larry Semon. screen COM
edian and Lucille Carlyle, his leading
lady. is announced. They have not
set the date of their marriage
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
SCTIINE HEARING July 23

A hearing is scheduled for the petit
ton of Louis Schine to have bank
rupt proceedings against him dis
charged. The hearing has been set
for o'clock a. m, July 20.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1922-07-13
BREAK MADE AT sCHooI,

Report made made to the police
that the Black Rock school building
Brewster street, was broken into and
% electric light bulbs stolen together
with a mixing boz for concrete
Indiana daily times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1914-1922, 1922-02-21
TELLS OF CLAMOR
FOR EDUCATION
DR.. Alley Informs Women of
College Problems.

Or. Robert J. Alley, president Of But
Ter College was the principal speaker at
the Woman's Rotary Club which met In
regular dinner session yesterday In Par
lor b. Claypool Hotel
Or. Alley spoke on some Of the problems
confronting the colleges and uniyer-
stiles Of today. Among these problems"
said Or. Alley lis the unprecedented inter
est In education, with crowds Of young
people flooding the colleges and univer-
stiles. without proper equipment for the
care Of them"
Definite limit as to numbers admitted
has been suggested by various institutions.
policy, as many desiring tn education
might he left out.
Another problem is that Of support. DR..
Alley believes there should be such sup
port, that provisions viii be made for
every young man and woman desiring to
develop, ana to gain H liberal education.
Rotarian frances z. Graetor, abb
stractor spoke OF her work ss q profess
sion which few women have as yet taken
up. No university or college Is as yet
teaching abstracting, and those who
have pursued It have had to work out
their own problems
Guests at the club were Mrs. Harry &
New, with Miss Florence Coffin; Mrs.
Cors NJ Owings, with Mrs. ". IL. Kirsch-
ner Miss Martha Yoh Marson, with Miss
Alice Anderson; Miss Alma Sickler, with
Mrs. G.. H. Westing Miss Marguerite l..
Alexander with Mrs. Ovid Butler Jane
son, and Miss Dorothy Ketcham Of Ann
Arbor, Mich. with Or. Jane Keteham-