The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1922-12-28

| Ing dennlte was suSsesleu aLI Eu'
rope was skeptical
On April 10 an economic and tnan
cial conference called by the allied SUI
preme council, opened in Genoa. Ger
many and Russia were invited to par
ticipate, under certain restrictions but
soon after the sessions began the dele
gates Of those two nations concluded
treaty canceling their war debts ana
the treaty of Brest-Litovsk and estab-
fishing full diplomatic relations. Sur
prised and angered, the great powers
despite the protests of the neutrals'
barred the Germans from further par
ticipation I'm the discussion f Russian
affairs, which was the most important
subject before the conference then
1.-THE allied nations offered to give imam
cial aid TO Russia under certain condi-
lions, but Belgium refused to agree to
this and a day or two later the French
Withdrew their assent, charging that
! LLOYD George was practlcing trlckery
to gain control OF the Russian oil
! fields. Meanwhile the soviet delegates
we're making such excessive demands
! that the usclessness Of further ncgotla-
| tons became evident and the confer
ence adjourned after adopting an eight
months truce with Russia. II was
| agreed that another meeting 10 deal
with Moscow should be held at The
Hague. The United States declined
| ~ To faFpnrp
second meeting lasted from June 10 10
July 20 and ended without result be-
cause the other nations could not
stomach the excessive demands OF the
Russians for credits In return for CON
cessions.
Mustapha Renal Pasha and the
Turkish natlOnalists, who had disa-
vowed all the dolngs Of the turkish
government at Constantlnople, spent
the summer in secretly preparing for
great offensive against the Greeks IN
Anatolla. They opened the attack on
August % and took the enemy com
pletely by surprise Within one week
the Greek armies had been routed
and driven back to Smyrna and other
coast positions and Athens was asking
for an armistice and agreeing to get
out Of Asia Minor. Renal occupied
SMYRNA on September and FIVE days
later large part Of the city was de-
stroyed by flames. At first the Turk
lsh troops we're blamed for this, but Ia
ter DEVELOPMENTS indicated the conila'
grafton was started by the neeihs
Greeks and by looters. Great Britain,
which had been sponsor for the Greek
venture In Asia Minor, was alarmed
by the expressed intention Of the ma
tionalsts to take possession OF Cohstah-
tuOple and the rest of the old Turk
lsh empire, and she called on her 40
minions and France, Italy, Serbia, ku'
mania and Greece to Join her In the
defense of the Dardanelles. France,
which had been giving aid and comfort
TO the Turks, and Italy objected TO
military operations against the kemal'
lists, and some Of the British domin-
ions we're noticeably cool. However,
| Britain hurried reinfOrcements to her
land and naval forces I'm the Near East
and let the Turk and the world know
! that she would act alone II necessary
| The allies on September % Invited
the nationallsts TO peace conference,
agreeing to return to them Constantl-
| nople, Adrlanople and eastern Thrace
IN return for the guaranteed freedom
of the straits. Renal Insisted that
Russia must be Included, and the allies
agreed that the soviet government
should participate In settlement Of the
question 1t! the DardaneIes, After sew
eral trying days, when war seemed al
most unavoidable the allies and ma
tionalists met at Mudanla on October
3 TO arrange an armstice. A week la
ter protocol was signed providing Tor
the evacuation of eastern Thrnce by
Greece within 10 days and its delivery
10 Turkey within 45 days, and, yield
ing TO the Kemalsts the civil control
of Constantlnople pending a pence CON
ference. This conference opened In
Lausanne, Switzerland, November 70,
with the prospect Of being long in SEES
sion. The United States declined full
particlpHtiOn, but sent Ambassador
child. Minister Grew and Admiral Brls-
toll To guard the interests of America
and Americans, these being especially
IN connection with the oil fields Of
Mosul. The conference had to deal
with the frontiers Of tie Turkish state,
Doth in Europe and in Mesopotamia,
where the oil fields are located, and
with the control Of the straits and the
safeguarding of the Christian mlnorI-
| ties IN Turkey. BY the middle Of De
cember the conferees were well on the
! way 10 agreement, Turkey ha4 prom
/ lsrd 10 iOin the League Of Nations as
soon as peace was signed, and the
treaty was in process Of being drafted,
The international permanent court
Of Justice, perhaps the greatest
achievement of the League OF Nations
so Tar. held It's first session In The
/ Hague on February 10. The council
Of the league met in London in July
II, and FIVE days later announced that
the British mandate for Palestine and
the French mandate for Syria were mp
proved The assembly Of the league
began It's annual session in Geneva
September 4, with Augustln Edwards
of Chile presiding Hungary was ad-
mltted to the league.
ON May - the conference 10 settle
the old Tncnn-Aricn dispute between
chile ana Peru opened IN Washington,
and in due time came to a successful
conclusion, adopting compromise
a Ia.