davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
FOOLISH HvNTING

When the federal bill to regu-
late hunting and protect migra-
rory birds came up IN the Senate
the other Gay. one Of the senators
holy attacked the measure on the
ground that it interfersd with the
citizens right to hunt.
Evidently the senator regards
that as one of J. the inalienable
rights guaranteed by the Declara-
ton Of independence and the Unit
ed States Constitution Possibly it
IS. There is something in the Con-
stitution. anyway. about the right
to bear arms. and bearing arms
probably presupposes the right to
use them. It might never have oc-
Cured to the Fathers Of the Con-
stitution to limit an american citi-
zen's hunting.
But times have changed The
air. land and water are no longer
;nH of game. Civilized man has
enereached more and more on the
wild life that once filled the CONT
nent. until many valuable species
have been wholly destroyed and
many others are doomed to extinc-
ton unless there IS a change in the
policy and practice and birds.
beasts and fish are fostered as
natural resources"
There may be a constitutional
right to kill any living thing. There
may be even moral right to do
SO. though that is open to question.
But if the people who insist on un-
limited freedom in that respect
were 70 nave their way. before long
there would he no longer anything
left for them to kill. America
would be stripped even of song
birds. as italy has been.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
RAILROAD CONTROL


In asking for a stronger Rail-
road Labor Board, acting in con-
junction with. or as part of. the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
President Harding has given Off
cial sanction to a change suggested
by many disinterested observers Of
the railroad situation.
1t has always been recognized as
rather absurd that one federal
5o6v should be charged with the
liking Of railroad rates and another
body, with no connection. should
sc charged with authority to fix
wages. Rates and wages depend
niuch on each other. and should
be kept in continual adjustment.
that calls for the final judgment Of
a single body. even if separate bod
les work out preliminary details
The Interstate Commerce Commits
sion, because of its established au-
thority and influence. is the natural
body to invest with this power.
Such centralizing of railroad
authority should help in itself to
prevent interruptions of operation.
It may be, however, that an ex-
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
BE PATIENT WITH IRELAND

Americans keenly regret recent
Developments ia Ireland. Just as
the new Irish Free State is formally
inaugurated, and an eminently fit
ting Irish leader is chosen by the
British King as governor-general,
there are new outbreaks Of Repub-
lican rebels, with reprisals and
counter-reprisals simultaneously
there is the announcement Of Ul-
ster's secession from the Free
State, which was originally intend
ed to include all Ireland.
Yet it is a time for tolerant un-
rstanding, in America as well as
in ireland. Theresis no need tc
indulge in bitter flings at Ireland
for the apparent unwillingness Of
the various sections of the Irish
people to embrace Immediately and
unanimously the good fortune
within their grasp.
AS far as Ulster is concerned.
its action awakens no surprise and
calls for no particular criticism.
The Irish settlement establishing
the Free State reserved for Ulster
the right TO secede from South Ire
Iand. The Ulster action is there
fore legal and, under the circum-
stances, not unnatural. The Ul-
sterites prefer, for the present at
least, to go their own way If they
are to be won. over to a union with
South ireland, it will through
prolonged demonstration that
South Ireland, it will be through
self-government and fair dealing
with her northern >neighbor.
The fighting is had. Yet it might
be worse. And there are plenty
Of precendents in 5other lands now
highly critical of Ireland. That is
a delicate matter for Americans.
especially, to criticise. Some Amer
leans seem to forget that there was
q good deal of civil warfare and
guerrilla fighting in this blessed
land, before it was knit into one
FIRM Union.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
John r. Dixon Dies
Death Comes From Influenza
Complications

Columbia. Dec IS. John r.
Dixon died at $40 o'clock yes
terday morning at his home on the
Ch;lds plantation. Bluff road He
had been i'll for two weeks. death
resulting from influenza complica-
tions.
Mr.. Dixon had been overseer on
the Childs plantation for two years.
coLliIn2 there from Lexington coun-
ty. He was q capable farmer. Il
man of high character. and had. a
wide circle of friends to join with
the family in mourning his death.
He was 53 years Of age.
Surviving are his widow. who
before marriage was Miss Emma
McGrew. and seven children.
Funeral services Will be held at
3 O'Clock this afternoon at Mill
creek church, in the county. con-
Quoted by the Rev. a. y. Kennedy
of Tabernacle church. Mr.. Dixon
was a Baptist.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
TO ORGANIZE
NAT'IONALBODY
Council ,cf Cooperative Asso-
eiations in Making. To
Handle Problems

Washington, Dec. 16.-Perma-
neht organization of the National
Council Of Farmers Cooperative
Marketing Associations was author
lied today in the closing session
here of a three day conference of
representative farmers associations
in all sections of the country. The
purpose Of the council will be to
handle common problems Of CO.
operative marketing bodies with
out conflicting with activities of
other associations and acting as
their mouthpiece.
Modification Of present agricul-
tural loan system to give farmers
nine months credit paper instead
OF six months. and to increase to
$4,000, the maximum basis of
loans from farm land banks, was
recommended in resolutions unani-
n,ouslx adopted. Amendment Of
the federal reserve law to meet the
special requirements Of farm credits
and to permit the financing of
farmers and their cooperative So
cieties was also favored.
The general policy for the coun-
Gil was laid down, fayoring the 10
cal banker. as the primary reliance
of the farmer for production and
marketing creditc.
Erection of a farm credits de-
partment in federal land banks,
with capital sufficient to issue farm
icredit to the maximum of secs. 9.000,-
900 was another project indorsed
.by the conference. This depart
ment would discount or purchase
agricultural paper and make loans
Ito cooperative marketing associa-
tons and to agricultural coopera-
tive credit associations. None Of
the farm relief measures now
pending was indorsed by name,
but the house. and senate banking
and currency copn1ittees were re-
quested to incorporate the confer
ence recommendations in one ru-
raj credits bill along with accept
able features Of the nine credits
bills already before congress.
The conference, in its formal
declaration of policy. held that the
cooperative associations should
ask nothing from the federal gov
ernment other than enactment of
legislation to permit farmers and
their organizations. the same ac-
cess to the federal credits systems
that all other industries now pos
sess.
The interstate commerce COM
mission was requested by the con-
ference to institute hearings for the
purpose of opening the whole
question of revision of freight
rates, with the view to possible
Ilessening the burdens borne by
ishippers Of primary commodities.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
CHRISTMAS TREE SOURCES

Train loads Of Christmas trees
are speeding over the rails. ship
loads docking at the wharves and
occasional stocks appearing in To-
cal markets. 1t is not too soon for
the prospective buyer TO inform
himself OF the source of supply
which appears in his particular
nelghborhood.
The growing OF. these festal trees
is a regular industry in many in
stances, and represents no waste,
for paintings follow cuttings. Con-
servationalists urge: that no dealer
should be patronizea who cannot
point to such an origin for his stock,
for over against this thrifty meth
.od there is a great deal Of Christ
mas tree cutting which represents
damage only, taking no thought of
future growth. This sort of supply
sioasid be rejected SO that those
responsible for it may learnsa lesson
n forest conservation through the
refusal of their wares.
Above all. the Christmas tree
thief should be guarded against
publicly and privately. In one city
on single short street SIX beautiful
evergreen trees were cut down and
taken away from private dooryards
ii -Sne holiday season. They were
traced and it was found they had
beeg Sold to other citizens who had
taken no pains to know anything
about their Christmas trees or their
dealers before buying.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
GERMAN TRADE DEFICIT.

Figures on Gernany's foreign
trade suggest that German asser-
tons Of inability to make repara-
ton payments are by no means al
Dlan.
German exports have fallen off
enormously. In October they were
only trifle more than half as
large as her imports. with the ratio
against her Increasing
This means that Germany is be-
coming more of a debtor nation, IN
sread OF less. on the basis Of cur
rent business. Instead OF collecting
4 profit from her foreign trade, as
she expected, and as she did for a
little while after the armistiee by
the sale OF marks as we'll as mer-
chanaise. She is obliged to pay a
profit 10 other nations. That leaves
no balance to help liquidate her
war obligations.
Clearly, Germany can not pay
foreign debts in money without
selling abroad more than she buys
abroad. She could not do that un-
less She had gold mines or was able
2 manufacture gold
The fact that Germany herself
is responsible for this plight doesn't
change the situation. France may
move into Germany and start
forced collections, but France can't
collect gold that isn't there.
The only visible asset the Ger
rans possess that might profit her
foreign creditors is man-power-
ability to work. That is to say,
Germany can make reparation in
labor, utilized directly for the re-
buildings of devastated areas in
France and elsewhere, or indirectly
IN the production OF goods for her
creditors. The Allies will probably
agree to that in the end.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
BLIZZARD ON
LAKE SUPERIOR
Winter Season Takes Heavy
Death Toll
By the Associated Press

Chicago, Dec. l3. A dozen
known deaths and the y probable
death of twenty-seven others, is the
ton Of the freezing weather on
Lake Superior during the past few
days. A. dozen died when a Ca
madam steamer pounded to pieces
at the mouth of the Portage Lake
ship canal. The others are miss
ing from the tug Beliancef wreck
ed last Wednesday on Lizard Is
land. Nine big ships are now
known to be fighting their way
down the lake. Navigation was
kept open after December 1st be-.
cause the coal and railroad
strikes had cut down northern
coal supplies.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
EFFORT TO
DEFEAT JUSTICE
Effort Made to Stay Harrison's
Death Sentence

Greenville. Dec. 15.-B. &.
Evans. lawyer of Columbia. ap.
peared before T. P. Cothran, as
societe justice Of the supreme
court. today and moved for a
stay of execution in the case of
Ira Harrison, under death sentence
for the murder of j. c. Annette.
Justice @Cothran took the rat
ter under advisement and has not
announced his decision. The mo-
uon for a stay Of execution was
s-::lade on the grounds that an ap-
peal has been taken from the de-
cision of Judge Mauldin in refus-
ing to appoint q board to inquire
into HacriSon's sanity
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
VALUE /! OF THIS
YEARS CROPS
ESTIMATED
Agricultural Depart
n1ent Issues Report
on Production and
V a ]. u e Of Staple
Crops

Washington, Dee. Is (By the AS
sociated Press. = The nations
crops this year are worth $7,572,-
$50, 900, based on their farm value
as of December l, the department
of. agriculture announced today in
its final crop report Of the year.
Their value is s1,s42,978, 600
more than last years. crops, re-
fecting improvement in prices for
farm products prevailing now as
compared with a year ago and in
creased production in some. crops.
This years farm : production is
worth about the same as, that Of
1916 but is lower than 1920 by
about sL5OO,oO0,Go0,, and lower
than any year since 1915. except
last year. 1t is only a little more
than half as much as the record
value year Of 1919.
Record production was made this
year in rye, white potatoes, sweet
potatoes and hay. Other bumper
crops, this year were rice, the third
largest production; tobacco, with
the fourth largest crop in history,
wheat with the fifth largest pro-
dnction, and corn with it's seventh
largest crop. Cotton this. year is
the fourth most valuable crop of
that staple ever grown, although
a. small crop in point of produc-
ion.
Corn, as. usual, is the country's
most valuable crop being worth this
year s700,000,00 more than last
year with a. total value Of $780,
287 900. Cotton stands second with
sl,3JS. $4,000, the lint ping VAL
uea at sl,190,7S1,009 and the cot
ton seed. s177,750,000. Hay is the
third most valuable crop with a
totafsEof 1881, ,679, 900. No other
crop feached a billion dollars in
value this year. Wheat was valued
at $3.50, 100000, standing. as fourth
most valuable crop Of the country.
In today's final estimates. based
on revision to conform with the
census bureaus decennial crop
production statistics the prelimi-
nary estimates Of production an
nounced last. month were some
what changed. There was a re-
dhction in the corn crop of about
100000 bushels. Increases were
shown for other crops. including:
Winter wheat, 45,o00,0OO bushels;
spring. wheat 100000 bushels;
oats, 14,27S,000 bushels; rye, 49,
$4,000 bushels; buckwheat. l.
100000, bushels; rice. 100000
bushels: potatoes, 17,280,O00 bush
els. and hay, 4,055,000 tons.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
3tTi1'Htt'k 3ftTJH5tk

Sounding the gavel for adjourn
ment. Carl Williams of Oklahoma,
president of the American Cotton
Growers exchange, declared the
conference to have been the most
important move in American his
tory for the betterment of the
farmer.
Not only will agriculture bene-
fit, ne declared, but the consumers
of farm produce everywhere will
share in the reforms expected to
come from the discussions here.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20

tension of authority to the extent
Of forbidding strikes, apparently
favored by the President, will be
found advisable eventually. if not
now. in such a vital public utility
as the railroads. however distaste-
ful the idea is at present to Or
ganized labor. II is clearly impos-
sible to control the railroads and
insure steady and efficient opera
ton by controlling railroad capital
alone.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
Gov. Harvey Refuses to Show
Partially to Certain
Convicts

Columbia, Dec. 1S.-Governor
Harvey is being flooded with pc
titions for Christmas paroles, but
!. the governor will not grant
Christmas paroles. He made this
known yesterday. The petitions set
forth that the prisoners want to
dine with their relatives, but the
chief executive says that though
some Of these appeals come from
worthy prisoners and touch his
sympathy, yet he makes the an
nouncement in advance, SO the
friends and relatives of prisoners
might know his stand, that there
will be no, instances Of executive
Iclemency because of the petitions.
Yet the governor will likely give
freedom to one prisoner. not be-
cause of a Christmas petition, but
because Governor Cooper, before
he left Office six months ago,
practically promised the prisoner
ra,. q f-.- T.. J't-r - IT f.
sole lucky prisoner is Norman H.
.ul.lyar. Dolnvar IS you4is
white man who was sentenced
five. years ago for rape. He was
sent from orangeburg county. He
is book-keeper for the chair fac
tory at the penirentiary and has
made q good prisoner. Because
|uf his good behavior TWO pardon
boards have recommended that. he
be pardoned.
There was an understanding that
Governor Cooper had Issued a pa
role, to take effect: December "a.
next Sunday. However, the change
in governors left. Bolivar in the
penitentiary. Governor Cooper's
pardon board recommended Glenn
ency1 for Bolivar, and the new
board named by Governor Harvey
has, made similar recommends
tions. Governor Harvey has had
the matter under consideration Tor
a long time, and he stated yester-
day that he feels somewhat under
obligations to pardon the man. lie
has, reached no. final decision, but
he announced yesterday that he
would probably take some action
in the next few days.
Regarding the petitions for
Christmas paroles, the governor
takes the position that TO allow
some of the prisoners to spend
Christmas with friends or rela-
tives in Columbia or other parts
OF the state would be showing ia
voritism. To let, say, a half dozen
spend Christmas outside the prls-
on would not, he says. be fair to
the remaining 490. Nor could he,
the governor says, let out fifty or
more, as this would be detrimental.
1.-The governor stands for abso-
Lutte humaneness." says state
ment issued by him yesterday,
.but lhe believes in punishment
where there are offenders, just us
children have TO be punished II
they violate the ordinary rules of
home life
Governor Harvey says he re-
CARDS the prison as Il place of
punishment, and the verdicts OF
courts should be carried out. with
only such exceptions as are proper
and right.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
Federal Reserve
Truck Robbed
Three Bandits Secure Two
Hundred Thousand in
Currency
BY the Associated Press

Denver. Dec. 1s-Three BAN.
dts today robbed a federal re-
serve bank truck of s29e, ,009. in
currency in frent of the United
States mint here. Charles Linton,
a guard, was probably fatally
wounded The robbers seized the.
currency as it was being loaded in
a truck. The guards inside the
mint opened fire as the robbers
fed in an automobile. The entire
Denver police. force was called out.
The. bandits were armed with
rifles.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
cLEMEScEar's CASE
ciemenceau's self-imposed mi.

Ciemenceau's self-imposed mis-
sion is over. and it is possible to
appraise its purpose and effect.
The purpose is clear enough. in
spite of the very informal and
rather rambling addresses in which
the aged French statesman has
put his case before the county. He
has made a sincere plea, straight
from the heart of a French patriot
who has spent lifetime in his
Icountry's service and fears for her
kuture. His cry is the famous Mace
konian cry OF Paul in his old age:
come over and help as"
Vhat is the gist of it. clemenceau
IS not lay down any specific pro-
fa, FOR his country or oure. lie
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
MORE HOPEFUL
OUTLOOK AT
LAUSANNE
Reports That America
Will Assist in Re-
habilitation Of Eu-
rope .Arouses Opti-
mistic Feeling i n
Conference
By the Associated Press

Lausanne, Dec. 18.-The Near
East peace conference has grown
more optimistic with the circula-
ton OF reports that America is
considering lending assistance to
the economic rehabilitation Of Eu-
rope AS the meeting entered the
fifth week. three of the biggest
problems still were unsoKed. The
Mosul Oil regions control, the
Turkish plan to deport the Greek
patriarch and capitulations are
causing trouble. The Dardanelles
question is believed to be about
solved.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
THE STORY 0E
BUTCHERIDG
AT HERRM
Witnesses Tell Of Mas
acre Of Non-Union
Miners by Mob Of
Strikers and Afro
cities Practied

Marion, ILL.,, Dec. ID (By the AS
sociated Press).-The attack on
the Herrin. strip mine, the death
march through the town with, the
captives and the hunting down Of
a. few fugitives, We're described to-
day by witnesses at the trial Of
FIVE men held in correction with
the killings.
All but one Of the defendants
were named as having been seen
with a gun during the progress of
the rioting but all the witnesses,
so far heard. have declared they
could not identify any persons
they had seen in the act Of shoot
ing at the victims.
In an argument between oppos-
ing counsel regarding the exclusion
OF a. portion Of the testimony to
which the defense objected, Judge
d. IT. Hartwell, ruling in favor of
the prosecution said,4 Il want the
whole thing to come out and do
not want to exclude any testimony
on a mere technicality.'
The defendants who have been
pointed out. by witnesses as having
been seen carrying guns during the
rioting are Otis Clark, Bert Grace,
Joseph Caranghi and Levi Mann.
The. name of Peter Hitler, the fifth
defendant has not yet appeared in
any of. the testimony.
Donald NJ. Ewing Chicago
newspaper man who wrote the first
account of the killings for the As
sociated Press, picked out Grace
from among the defendants as
man who had threatened him with
gun when he attempted to bring
drink of water to two Injured
men who were lying on a sun bak-
ed road surrounded by crowd Of
armed men just outside of Her
rim.
The witness said there were six
dead or wounded men lying in the
road, all OF them bound together
by single rope tied about their
necks.
Grace put his foot on one of
the wounded men and pushed" the
witness declared, and quoted the
defendant as saying with a curse:
"You'n get no water here"
Another witness, Henry Graves,
a mine pump man, said he had
seen group of armed men pur-
suing two fugitives through the
field near his house.
Il heard the sound of Shots" he
testified, "and could see the bull
lets kicking up the dust behind the
fleeing men
Shortly afterwards. he said, a
wounded man had taken refuge on
his rear porch, but two men who
said they were Officers" came and
took him away.
Fred Harrison, a student at the
University of Illinois, testified he
had seen Bert Grace near his faith
er's farm on the outskirts of Her
rim the morning of the riots.
Young Harrison said he had then
taken walk to a nearby clump ~of
woods, where he found four bodies.
one of them hanging from a tree.
William Goodman. a farmer tes-
tilted that he Mad been near the
strip" mine where the riot start
ed and had seen several hundred
men coming from the mine with
30 or 40 prisoners. He estimated
the crowd about the mine at 1900
persons.
AT the close of the afternoon
session Judge Hartwell announced
an adjournme9t Of court over Sat
urday and Sunday.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20

ATTENTION WoopMEN = The
regular monthly meeting of the
W..o. w. will be held Wednes-
day, December goth at 1880 p. m.
sharp. We have 5 candidates for
introduction. The election Of Of
ficers will be held and we would
like. for you to be present with
us. May we look for you? r
!. s. Hood. Clerk.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20

WA NTED-Hardwood logs. We pay
highest cash price. for choice
Ash, Poplar; cypress and White
Oak logs of standard specifica-
tions, delivered to Sumter by rail
or truck. We buy logs twelve
months in the year and give
preference to loggers equipped to
bring in steady supply. What
have you to offer? Sumter
Hardwood Co., Sumter. S. G.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1922-12-20
The Watchman and southron
Published Wednesday and sasar-
day by
esteem Publishing Company.
Sumter, S. @,
Tor,s,c.

$500 per annunl-in advance.
Advertisements: -
One Square, first insertion --Sa.00
Every subsequent insertion = so
Contracts fer three months or
longer viii be made at reduced
rates.
All communications which sub
serve private interests will De
charged for as advertisements
Obituaries and tributes OF re-
spect wiz be charged. for.
The Sumter Watchn1an was
founded in 1850 and the True
Sonthron in 1866. The Watehman
ana Sonthron now has the COM
bined circulation and infmenee OF
both Of the old papers, and is man-
ifestly the best advertising Medium
In SumteH