davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03
President Rea of Pennsylva-
MIA System Thinks They
Do and Tells Why.
WERE PIONEERS
IN DEVELOPMENT
Railroads Made This Coun.
try What 1t Is Today
Says Rail Chief.
By SAMUEL REA

Editors Note.-0ne Of the worlds
greatest systems Of railroads is the
Pennsylvania Lines. Its president, Sam
uel Rea, is a national figure. His activ-
tiles go outside his own road and his in
terest in the general development Of
railroad perfection is wide. He is in
close touch to every new invention, me-
thod or law that touches railroading and
in addition is student of economics as
they are affected by railroads second to
none in this or any country.
The future of our railroads is in the
hands of the people. Public opinion will
determine whether under the Transpor-
tation Act of 1920, they are to have a
new era of life and progress with the
spur of private initiative and healthy
rivalry, or whether they shall be allowed
to lapse into government ownership,
with support in part by taxation. Ex-
preience in other countries leaves no
doubt that the second alternative would
mean bureaucratic direction, manage
ment for political ends instead Of SER
vice, and oppressive increases in our
tax burdens.
There is no question that the vast ma
jority of our people want to avoid that
outcome. They desire private ownership
and management to be retained. They
do not wish public regulation to be sac
rifced, and there is no reason why it
should be. They do desire, however,
that regulation be brought into harmony
with business principles in order that
personal enterprise in the management
of our railroads may survive, as the en-
ergizing spirit of transportation prog
ress.
The problem is to make these wishes
and desires effectively felt. 1t is true
that public opinion rules in this country
but no inert public opinion. The only
public opinion which counts, in shaping
our political affairs, is that which de-
mands recognition and vigilantly insists
upon respect. A majority slow to as
sert itself is a constant invitation to
minority rule.
There are forces at work in this coun-
try striving to bring about breakdown
of our present systetm of ownership and
regulation of railroads. Their purpose
is to create a situation from which there
shall be no way out but for the govern
ment to take over the railroads as a
means of preventing a complete collapse
Of service.
Sinister Forces.
That these forces are vastly in the mi
nority, believe must be known to any
fair minded man. That they are work
ing for selfish ends is equally clear.
They consist chiefly, on the one hand of
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
nnnn mani of the Interim.

U. S. LAND OFFICE at La Grande, Or
egon, July 90, 1922.
NOTICE is hereby given that Phil
Higgins, of Lena, Oregon, who on Sep
tember ID, 1921, made Additional Home
stead Entry, No, o1s715, for SWhNWA,
NWASWh, Section 2S, Township l
South, Range 30 East, W. M, SWh, VIZ
SEA, Section 8, Township ! South,
Range 2S East, Willamette Meridian, has
filed notice of intention to make Final
three-year Proof, to establish claim to
the land above described, before Clerk
of Circuit Court, at Heppner, Oregon,
on the 18th day of September, 1922.
Claimant names as witnesses:
John Brosnan, Of Lena, Oregon.
John Keegan, of Lena, Oregon.
Michael Mcguire, of Lena Oregon.
Arthur P. Hughes, of Lena, Oregon.
CARL G. HELM, Register.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03
BUSINESS SITUATION
|. REVIEWED BY BANKER
(By ROBERT E. SMITH, President Lum-
bermens Trust Company Bank, Port
land, 0re.)

(By ROBERT E. SMITH, President Lum-
bermens Trust Company Bank, Port
land, 0re.)
Easy money continues TO be the out
standing feature In the business situa-
tion. This is best indicated by the trend
Of Liberty Bonds which has been upward
with respect to all issues. The attitude
Of one Of the leading financial journals
Of the United States remarks: Small
investors who bought them as a matter
OF patriotism and carried them through
the depression are now justified in ex-
changing them for other good securities
that will pay more" Call money has
been loaned in New York within the past
week as low as 2h and "a per cent,
making it possible in the present low
market to carry stocks proftably on bor-
rowed money The result has been an
increase in volume of stock exchange
transactions, with a still greater in
creasing volume expected during the
month of August as funds accumulate
in New York to be used in September
and October to finance crop movements.
Another factor which has made money
cheaper is the receipt from England Of
large quantities of gold, which it is said
is being accumulated in New York for
payment October 1st of interest on the
British governments debt of something
over s4,300,00O, to the United States
government. As the result of these ship
ments the weekly statement Of the Fed
eral Reserve bank shows a gain of s15,-
100000 in gold holdings, and reserve
ratio of 77.3 per cent. 0ne-half per cent
above that of the previous week. In view
of this accumulation of gold, reduc-
tion of the Federal Reserve new dis
count rate to Sh per cent is expected by
financial observers.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03

dissolved and held for naught, and that
plaintiff be granted an absolute divorce
from said defendant, and the plaintiff
will take judgment against you there
for, and for such other and further re-
iief as to hte court may seem equitable.
That this summons is published in the
Gazette Times for six successive and
consecutive weeks, being in seven sue
cessive and consecutive weekly publica-
tions thereof, commencing with the is
sue of July Goth, 1922, and ending with
the issue of August 31st, 1922, pursuant
to the direction of an order made on
the Sth day Of July, A. D., 1922, by the
Honorable D. R. Parker, Judge of the
above entitled court.
F. A. McMENAMIN,
Attorney for Plaintiff.
Post Office address,:
Heppner, Oregon.
Date of first publication July 20, 1922.
Date of last publication Aug. 81. 1922.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Department of the Interior.

U. S. LAND OFFICE at La Grande, Or
egon, July o., 1922.
NOTICE is hereby given that John
Brosnan, of Lena, Oregon, who, on
March 8, 1920, made Additional Home
stead Entry, No. 01S60O, for Sh sen
Section 10, NhNWA, NhNEA, Section
20, Township South, Range 30 East
W. NJ, SWANEh, SEhNWA, Section
8, Township South, Range 2S East
Willamette Meridian, has filed notice Of
intention to make Final three-year
Proof, to establish claim to the land
above described, before Clerk of Circuit
Court, at Heppner, Oregon, on the 18th
day of September, 1922.
Claimant names as witnesses:
John Keegan, of Lena, Oregon.
Phil Higgins, of Lena, Oregon.
Jos. NJ. Hayes, of Heppner, Oregon.
]. d. French, of Gurdane, Oregon.
CARL G. HELM, Register.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03
ALFALFA AND WHEAT FARM FOR

SALE-Best proposition now on market
in Morrow county. Situated miles
northwest of Heppner on railroad and
highway. $40 acres. 45 acres now in
alfalfa, enough under ditch to make IS
acres. Orchard, good houses, outbuild-
ings. 800 acres under cultivation; 1-2
this in grain now, the other half sum-
merfallow, balance pasture land. Good
concrete dam, all private ditch. For par
tieulars write Box 116, Heppner, Ore. At.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
STATE OF OREGON FOR MORROW
COUNTY.
Terry Wendt, Plaintiff)
VS.. SUMMONS.
Otto W. Wendt, Defendant.)
IN THE NAME OF THE STATE OF
OREGON: You are hereby summoned
and required to appear and answer the
complaint Of the plaintiff in the above
entitled suit, now on file with the clerk
of the above entitled court, and you are
further hereby notified that, II you fail
to SO appear and answer said complaint
on or before the 18th day of September,
A. D., 1922, the plaintiff will apply to
the said court for the relief demanded in
the complaint, namely; that the bonds
of matrimony now existing between the
plaintiff and the defendant be forever
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03

reparatlon payments and Premier Lloyd
George, Of Great Britain, has proposed
cancellation Of part Of the debts owed
to England BY her former Allies, his
object, Of course, being 70 stimulate
their production and buying power, thus
opening a market for British goods. For
eign trade Is Great Britain's life blood,
and the desperate efforts being made By
her statesmen to bring about better con-
ditions in Europe are due, to q great
extent, 10 the necessity Of providing an
outlet for her products. The action Of
France referred 10 above, and Lloyd
Georges proposal has again brought to
the front the whole question Of debt
cancellation which includes in its scope
the huge amounts owed to the United
States by Great Britain, France, Italy
and her former Allies in the World War.
A financial commission from France is
now in the United States and one from
England is expected shortly. These will
confer with an American commission at
Washington on the question Of the debts
Of their respective countries. II will
occasion no surprise If the United States
should decide to forgive its debtors in
proportion as they forgive theirs.
| Items of Interest.
A recent compilation has been made
showing the extent to which the move
ment towards customer ownership of
public utilities has advanced in this
country. This shows that last year
eighty-four public service companies
sold FIVE hundred and seventy thousand
shares of stock to their customers, as
compared with 1886 shares similarly
sold in 1919; 1904 in 1915; 25,O32 in
1916; 1889 in 1917; 28,242 in 1913;
114,579 in 1919; and S45,5O3 in 1920.
The sales by large mail order houses
are good indications of the relative pros
perity in the rural sections. Montgom-
cry Ward & Company's sales for the
first six months of 1922 were SAL 800, All
against s73,l7O,390 for the first half of
1921, or 12.41 per cent.
Loans of the War Finance corporation
up to July 18th last, from the time it
resumed operations in January, 1921,
were S363000,000, Of which 1910, ,O00, 900
went to finance agricultural and live
stock interests, and S53,O0000O to aid
exporters.
The Bond Market.
Good domestic bonds are still readily
salable and new offerings are quickly
absorbed. The state of Oregon sold
million dollar issue of 14A years, aver
age maturity, Az per cent road bonds
this week at 1929, basis of approxim-
ately 3s per cent, while two blocks
of counties-Clackama and Douglas
offered at the same time were sold on
slightly better than a per cent basis
Local houses are finding a strong de-
mand for well secured first mortgage
issues yielding around per cent. The
market for bonds of the smaller Oregon
towns is indicated by the ready absorp-
tion by investors of an issue of ten
thirty year optional Coquille water
bonds offered on a FIVE, ten basis.
There is still talk of large loan to
Germany to be Forthcoming in the fall,
encouragement being given by the easy
situation. A ten million dollar loan to
Cuba is under consideration, and the
| Republic of Salvadors is seeking to Dor.
row s18,5O0,000. Some important public
and private issues in Canada are also
te'ng planned.
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03

That these forces are vastly in the mi
nority, believe must be known to any
fair minded man. That they are work
ing for selfish ends is equally clear.
They consist chiefly, on the one hand Of
The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1922-08-03

HEMSTITCHING--I have installed
hemstitching machine at my apartment
in the Gilman building and will give all
orders for work in that line my best at
tention. Your patronage is solicited
Mrs. c. c. Patterson. a6-tf.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
The Hearst Papers

The position of the Hearst
papers has been simple and
straightforward from first
to last with regard to the
war and the soldiers that
won it.
In the first place, we did
not believe that this Euro
pean war was necessarily
our American war and we
endeavored to keep America
out of the war as long as
in honor il, could keep out
of it, realizing what war
meant'in blood and treasure,
in the sacrifice of our splen-
did American manhood, and
in the terrible national bur-
den of war expenditure and
subsequent taxation.
In the second place, when
the country was once com
+, mitted to- the war, the -atti-
tude of the Hearst news
papers was to prosecute the
war to the utmost with
every resource of men and
money in order to bring it
to a victorious conclusion as
speedily as possible and to
get back to normal condi-
tions and to freedom from
entangling alliances at the
earliest possible moment.
In the third place, the at
titude Of the Hearst papers
now is that-in common
honor and common decency
and common gratitude and
common foresight for the
future-we should do JUS
tice as a people and as a
nation to the men who won
the war and sacrificed so
much of the joy Of life and
the opportunity of youth in
order, through their splen-
did courage and patriotism,
to uphold the good name of
their country and increase
its greatness and glory
throughout the earth.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Progressive Trend

S. The recent Republican
primary selections show a
strong Progressive trend, a
trend even stronger than
most Progressives had
hoped.
Nevertheless, I had al
ways firmly believed that
the reactionary trend of the
country after the war was
entirely temporary and due
wholly to certain very
proper caution on the, part
Of our sound-thinking peo-
pie lest our country be
drawn into the extremes of
radicalism that were evil
dent in some European
countries.
l felt, however, that the
progressive trend of poll
tics would soon come about
again, for there must always
be progress in politics, just
as there is progress in me-
chanics, economics or any
other field of human en-
deavor.
/ remember in that reac-
tionary period sitting in my
library that overlooks the
Hudson and talking with a
very despondent lot of Pro-
gressives who thought that
reaction had come to stay,
that autocracy was firmly
established in America, and
that democracy was headed
for destruction.
I looked out upon the
Hudson and the tide was
coming J. in, forcing the
waters of the river back so
that they seemed to be flow
ing up toward its source.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Established Principle

SECOND. Because it is
the established principle of
this country to give SOL
diers bonuses.
After the Civil War bo-
muses. were given TO the SOL
diers, and even some of the
Congressional opponents of
the bonus. like Senator
Knute Nelson of Minnesota
and Senator Francis e.
Warren Of Wyoming re-
ceived their bonuses after
the EiXil War without pro-
test.
Even so distinguished a
soldier and patriot as Gen
eral George Washington re-
. ceived a Large bonus of pub
lie lands for his services
during the Revolutionary
War. and did not hesitate to
accept it.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
WE'D ON BONUS, SALES TAX, LABOR, And. WAR

raw materials for the fac
tories. .a.,, 80.
When wages are cut 10
per cent the purchasing
power of the main element
of a shops patrons is, cut
10 per cent. Sales to those
patrons are cut 10 per cent.
-Order5 - .he factory for
those patrons are cut 10
per cent. The use of. raw
materials by the factory is
cut 10 per cent. AS near
as these matters can be ex-
pressed. Prosperity is cut
10 per cent.
An increase in wages
means an increase in pur-
chasing power-an increase
in purchase. AN increase in
orders for the factories, an
increase in consumption of
raw materials-an increase
in general sale and produe-
tion, which is an increase in
prosperity. -.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Trend of the World

z. I feel about the trend
of the world very much as
I expressed myself about
the trend of our national
politics above.
The world seems to be in
rather bad state as a result
of the war, but I have no
doubt that progress is fer
menting in this chaotic mass
and that eventually when
the world emerges from this
disorder and depression we
will find that the world
has progressed much beyond
where it was before the war.
I believe that civilization
is advancing, but like, the
Hudson river sometimes it
seems to be receding. ~
/ believe that we will ap-
proach a period of genuine
civilization which will be
free from war, and I be-
lieve that no other condition
is really civilization.
There were two conditions
which were essential indi-
cations of barbarism. One
was slavery-that fortu-
nately has been abolished.
War may be said to be
our barometer of barba-
rism-the more war the more
barbarism, the less war the
greater civilization.
Not only sentimental in
fluence but material influ-
ences are tending to abolish
war. = ... ...
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Allies HaUe Paid.

THIRD. Because England
and France and most of the
allies engaged in the great
war have paid their SOL
diers bonuses, and have paid
these bonuses out of OUR
money. 49,
And there seems to be no
good reason why we should
not use some Of our money
to pay our own soldiers a
bonus instead of providing
it so literally to other ma
tions to pay THEIR SOL
diers bonuses. e-
FOURTH. Because the
average wage before the
war was at least five dol
lars a day. But during the
war the soldiers who. went
abroad and fought in the
trenches received only one
dollar a day, while the
workers who stayed at home
and worked in the facto-
ries under high war wages
received approximately ten
dollars a day.
The men who did the
fighting got one-fifth the
average wage, while the
men who did not do the
fighting got twice the aver
age wage.
1t is but poor and made
quate compensation to give
those men who fought so
bravely, who ran so much
risk and endured so much
hardship and privation, a
very small part of what
they were deprived of dur
ing the war which. they won.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Division of Wealth

Wealth cannot be divided
until it is created, and it
can only be divided in pro-
portion to the amount ere
ated. The less wealth there
is created the less there will
be to be divided, not only
in profits but in wages.
Any working man who
limits production cuts wages.
That is something for the
employe to remember.
On the other hand, the
employer should remember
that his prosperity depends
upon the general prosperity
and the general prosperity
depends upon the rurchas-
ing power of the mass of
the people.
The mass Of the pepole
are wage earners. Lower
wages mean less purchasing
power-higher wages mean
more purchasing power,
more prosperity.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
The Sales Tax

3. The most important
piece of legislation now
pending before the Ameri-
can Congress, to my mind,
is the Sales Tax.
1 say this because l think
that a sound system of tax
alton is the crying need of
tho country at this time.
ID We departed from the
precepts of Washington,
we abandoned our policy of
freedom from foreign en-
tanglements, we became in
volved in the intricacies of
European conflicts and poll
tics, and we are paying the
penalty in a heavy burden
of debt and taxation.
81 Taxation is an absolute
brake upon industrial and
commercial developments
is a ball and chain on the
foot Of financial progress.
The only thing that saves
our country is that we are
no worse off than other
countries which are our
competitors.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
American Labor

6. The attitude Of Ameri-
can labor should be, first,
patriotically for what is the
best interest of the country
second, wisely for what is
its own best interest.
But it should always take
the trouble to learn what
actually is for its own best
interest. l think labor
should concentrate it's de-
mands more on good wages,
reasonable hours and proper
working conditions and less
upon shop rules which ham,
per business, limit produc-
tion and unduly influence
and irritate employers.
Unreasonable shop rules
have done more to injure
labor and prevent it from
getting the good wages,
good hours and working
conditions that it really
should have than all the
conspiracies among employ
ers that have ever existed or
even been alleged to exist.
Labor stands in IT'S own
light when it limits produc-
ton, because production is
the creation of wealth.
Wages and profit are the
division of wealth.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Unworthy Americans

The man who can hesitate
to give a small part of his
store for so noble and essen
tial a civic purpose is un-
worthy of the benefits Of
American citizenship and
civilization.
Let me say that in my
opinion President Harding's
plan Of combining the Sol
diersi Bonus with the Sales
Tax is the best thing he has
advocated in his whole ad-
ministration and the thing
which would do most to re-
deem the Republican Con-
gress if it had the intelli-
gence to pass the measure.
Surely, the Republican
Congress, House and Senate,
must realize from the late
primaries and other evil
dences Of political sentiment
how unpopular they are
throughout the country and
how greatly the people are
dissatisfied with their ac-
ton or lack Of action up
to date.
They should certainly
look to the President to
bring them out Of their
slough of despond, and this
Sales Tax and Soldiers
Bonus idea Of the Presi-
dents is the one opportu-
nifty that the Republican
Congress has TO redeem IL
self before election, the only
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
Controlling the Tax

Since, therefore, the con-
sumer pays all taxes along
with all other costs, how
much better it is for him
to have in his own hands
the power to regulate by
his purchases what that tax
shall be.
If it is desired-and it
certainly is desirable - to
lift taxation from those
least able to pay it, then
the Sales Tax need not be
placed upon the necessities
of life, and consequently
will not fall upon those who
buy only the necessities.
This modification of the
Sales Tax is the only way
that | know, after a most
careful study of the subject,
in which the burden of tax
alton can be kept off the
backs of those least able to
bear it.
The Sales Tax is essen
tally, with this modifica-
tion, the tax most beneficial
to the family of modest
means; first, because it re-
lieves them of the burden
of taxation on necessities,
and second, because it is
least hampering to the de-
Velopment of industry-and
the development of indus
try means employment and
general prosperity.
The Washington times., 1922-09-10

classes who are opposed to
the Soldier Bonus are large
ly the big business interests
and the privileged financial
and social classes, who are
afraid that they will have
to pay taxes for the Soldier
Bonus.
Those big financial lead
ers and social leaders are
the people who wanted the
war and clamored for the
war and finally succeeded in
projecting the United States
into the war, largely on ac-,
count Of their sympathies
with foreign countries with
which they had connections.
Now they have had their
war and they do not want
to pay for it. They profi-
teered during the war and
made millions and hundreds
Of millions of dollars, but
they do not, want to give
up any part of their profi-
teering to the men who went
abroad and lived in the
trenches and sacrificed their
health, their youth, their
opportunities, in order to
uphold the honor of their
country and win the war
that these profiteers and
patrioteers were so deeply
interested in, sentimentally
and financially. ~
The Washington times., 1922-09-10
The Soldiers Bonus

4. I certainly approve of
the Soldiers Bonus. It is a
moral obligation which it
would be shameful to- avoid.
My reasons for approving
it are: p
FIRST. The Republican
party, which controls the
present Congress, declared
in its national platform in
favor of the Soldier Bonus
an d went before the country
with that as one Of its main
issues.
II the elected Congress
fails to carry out its formal
platform pledge, the Sem
ators and Representatives
will be in the contemplate