davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
DEATHS.
LEM MON

Amanda A. Lennon, aged 65 years,
: months and - days, widow of the
late James Lennon, died at her home
at Meadow Branch, Wednesday. She IS
survived by two sisters, Mrs. Samuel
Hoff, New Windsor, and Mrs. Uriah
Bixler. West Main street. Funeral ser
vices Will be held Sunday afternoon at
2 O'clock, at Meadow Branch BrethT
rem Church. Elder -. Waller gHomas
will have charge OF the services. In
terment in the adjoining cemetery.
The pallbearers will be Harry Young,
Edward Brothers, Daniel Kaufman
David Kaufman, Clarence Zepp and
John C.. Miller. Harvey Bankard q
Sen funeral directors.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
HiPE.

George W. Hape died May 18th al
his home, near Hape's Mill. aged g.
years, months and - days. Funeral
services will be held at his home May
18th at l o'clock. Service by Rev.
Lowe, assisted by Rev. Ibach and Rev.
l.. b. Hafer. Interment in Mt. Union
cemetery. He is survived by one son
Walter Hape, near Hape's Mill, two
daughters, Mrs. Elmer Shorb, neaI
Taneytown, and Miss Lelah Hape, al
home; also three sisters and one
brother. Mrs. Hanson Fogle, OF Union
Bridge: Miss Clara Hape, of Union
Bridge: Mrs. George Debow, of Hag-
erstown. and Alfred Hape, of Union
Bridge. c. o. Fuss Il Son funeral di-
rectOrS.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
all who helped in anyway.

al Who helped IN anyway.
New curtains were purchased and
committee gave the teacher money for
several new records for the school
victrola.
Next meeting of the Ladies' Aid at
the home of Mrs Walter Lockard Sat
urday afternoon, June 10.
Next Thursday is the regular time
for Sandvville W. c. 7. L. This being
the day the Finksburg Union has plan
ned an institute at Finksburg church
The president asks the members to
meet early as possible so that a short
Nest ing 1paY be held before the ihsa
tut 4lfs. s 90 81 Sd
M, EahdI, mrs. sBkraice PsfksM a ID
little pepheT' q saltimoH'F spea'
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
WALKING.

Margaret j. Walking. wife of viii
liam Walking, of Gambler, died Sat
urday, aged 20 years, months and ,
days. She is survived by three sisters
and four brothers. Funeral services
were held Monday at p. m. Rev. W.
l.. SeabroOk officiating. Pdllbearers
We're Vim. Zentz. John Green, Vernon
Green, Irving Buckingham, and Her
man Savior. Harvey Bankard & Son
funeral directors.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
SNADER

Herman f. Snader, aged 3 months
and 20 DAYS, infant son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Herman Snader, of near Uniontown.
died Wednesday. Funeral services
were held today at the house by Elder
David Stitely. lnteTment in Pipe Creek
cemetery. Pallbearers were Carroll
Smith. John Hull, Albert CARRIER and
Wilson Rumspert. Harvey Bankard &
Son funeral directors
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19

some time this week with Mr. and Mrs
Butler Gorsuch. *
Rev. and Mrs. Banes, now stationed
at HAMPSTEAD, were visitors in our
town this week. They are settled in
their new home and like it very much.
Rev. Geo. Sanner, Jr., spent SAT-
urday evening and Sunday with Mr..
John Magee and family. He will oc-
cupy the parsonage in our village
soon.
! Mrs. Sarah 5Robsrtson, of Westmin-
asr. aw ASScEhoAaiL eister, of Bal
-timore. EN;AM &uek&E the home OF
Mr.. Hebsr NJ srR Gently. !.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
PLEASANT VALLEY.

telegram was received by Norval
: Hahn. Of Westminster, telling Of
- sudden death of his uncle, Will
lam Ii. Hahn, of Minneapolis, Mimi,
fav 2rd He was an Old veteran and
+, me beginning OF the Civil War en-
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19

Mr.. George HelwiG had the mis-
fortune of MASKING his thumb, which
is giving him a lot of pain.
Decoration, May p. Prominent
speakers will be present.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
HOUSE DRESSES s1.s9.


Lot of good quality gineham house
dresses in all sizes up 10 A: For the
REMODELING SALE only S1.39.
$500 House Dresses $l.79.
$3.50 House Dresses $1.9S.
$500 Wrappers s1.79.
CHILDREN'S ROMPERS S5c.
Choice of any of our S1.O0 rompers
fer children from l to 5 years at S5c,
KHAKI PANTS 79c.
Lot of good quality boys pants,
sizes from to 1t years, regular price
$1.00. for the sale only 79c.
BOYS WASH SUITS.
A fine line of wash suits for boys
from to years. all our new and
fresh goods and the very prettiest
styles.
Sl25 Wash Suits Csc.
$500 Wash Suits $1.79.
~ $3.50 Wash Suits $219
( $500 Wash Suits $3.50.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1922-05-19
Remodeling Sale
Coats, Suits and Dresses
Continued From Page 2
LADIES' WAISTS CSC.

LADIES' WAISTS Csc.
A lot. of fine quality white wolfe
waists that sold at $500 and $685.
some are slightly soiled from hand
ling. We also have lot of new tail,
ored waists in the most wanted styles
all on sale at CSC
WAISTS S1.99.
Lot of new style tailored waists Of
wolfe and dimity some with imported
Bingham collars worth $250. for the
sale $1S9.
GE0RGFTTE WAISTS $2.s0. ~
A small lot of fine all silk Georgstte
waists TO be closed out at $3.50.
CORSEPS. -.
Our entire stock of Warmers, W.
B., Millers and Ferris corsets to be
sacrificed at bargain prices.
$500 Corsets 1888
$500 Corsets 1895.
$500 Corsets $2.4S. -
$3.50 Corsets $219.
$500 Corsets $169
$3.50 Corsets $1.29
| Rubber top corsets soc.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

onel House apparently let 1t drop
without reference to the President.
Nor was any real information to
be CLEANED from the reports of our
Ambassadors abroad. Their occa-
sional references to the diplomatic
dealings of the Allies among them
selves convey only the sketchiest
and most distorted impressions Of
the state of affairs. Evidently no
information was freely given
them; and their unskillful in
quiries elected evasive replies
which their own absence of back
ground prevented them from in
terpreting in any true light. Their
reports, consequently, mean al
most nothing by themselves. The
profoundly important fact is that,
among all the papers Mr.. Wilson
has so carefully preserved, there
is no document giving any definite
information concerning the secret
treaties.
The President on Secret Treaties.
We find the President answer
ing the questions of the Senators
at the White House conference,
Aug. 19, 1919, as follows:
SEN TOR BORAH--.
When did the secret treaties be-
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25
Minutes of the council of Ten,
Jan. 81, 1919, a discussion
of the Rumanian Treaty.

For in Italy. as in other allied
countries, there were powerful
labor and liberal groups, and these
elements vigorously endeavored 10
secure q revision of the imperial
istic purposes of the treaty.
In pursuance of this far-sighted
liberal policy. there was held at
Rome in April, 1918, congress
of the oppressed nationalities of
Austria-Hungary, and an attempt
was made to offset the bad i'm
preston made in the Balkans by
the London treaty. But after
the Italian victories of the follow
ing Fall the effort to revise the
treaty was given up, and Italy
came into the Peace Conference
demanding not CLly all that was
in the secret treaty of London, but
also the City of Fiume, which,
under that treaty, was assigned TO
the Croatians. The effects Of this
secret treaty upon the Peace Con-
ference, which were profound, will
be treated in the proper place.
In December, 1916, after the
German proposals of peace to
America and the Pope, President
Wilson himself, impressed by the
want of a clear statement of real
war aims and disturbed by the re-
ports of secret arrangements, re-
quested the belligerents to set
forth in detail their conditions of
peace. On Jan. 10, 1917 (three
months before America declared
war;, there came the first COM
prehensive statement of the Allies.
Read in the light of later knowl-
edge this statement is extremely
vague, and either avoids or con-
ceals in generalities many of the
real and specific purposes to which
the Allies had solemnly agreed
among themselves in the secret
treaties. But it was a decided ad-
vance in definiteness upon any
former declaration (and much
franker than the German reply)
and 1t declared for the two great
general principles in which Presi.
dent Wilson was chiefly interested
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25
Letters connection with the treaty between Japan and
the Allies that passed between Conyngham Green and

of London, the chief labor journal
of Great Britain, published all
these treaties in full, also with
maps and with the following in
troduction:
'We are concentrating this
week on the secret treaties because
we believe it absolutely and i'm
mediately necessary TO give these
terms OF Great Britain's concealed
aims and commitments the widest
possible publicity. The press,
with few shining exceptions.
/. has ignored the terms of
the treaties made public by the
Bolsheviki, and the majority of
people still receive the mention OF
the secret treaties with a stare
of blank incomprehension In a
country boasting itself democ-
racy. and claiming to be lighting
for democratic ends, this state Of
things Is as absurd as it is dan
gerous."
Nor must it be forgotten that
similar publications were eagerly
being made in Germany and Aus
tria and that in these countries
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

sheviki on Nov. II, 1917, copies of
the Isvestiya containing them did
not reach Western Europe for
some weeks, although intimations
Of what these treaties contained
began to filter through at once,
and to cause much excitement
among the opposition forces in all
the allied Governments.
More important still, perhaps,
was the undoubted commotion
caused by this wholly unexpected
publication OF their secret ar
rangements In the Foreign Office
of Great Britain, France and Italy,
and the effect of the extraordinary
demands by the Russians at
Brest-Litovsk that mo secret
diplomacy" should be the corner
stone of the peace negotiations
with tho Germans.
Distrust Created In Europe.
The first and. / believe. the
only newspaper in Great Britain
to publish full translations of such
of these secret treaties as the Boil
sheviki had made public was The
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

strongly for the League of Ma
tions and less clearly for self
determination"
In April America came into the
war. giving still greater reality to
Mr.. Wilson's powerful effort 10
define anew and in constructive
terms--to give a high moral sig
nificance to-the war aims OF the
Allies.
Little Interest In America.
In America we had heard prac-
tically nothing about the secret
treaties and we had had little or
no practical experience in our
national life with the fruits OF
that kind of diplomacy. We sim
ply were not interested or con-
cerned.
No real enlightenment came TO
the President from any source.
or all his associates, Colonel
House, head of the inquiry, was
probably the best informed. He
was, In fact. informed from high
est authority. When Mr.. Balfour
came to Washington as the Brit
ish commissioner, In April. 1917,
Mt the time America was entering
the war, he explained certain OF
these treaties to Colonel House,
Colonel House, however, said he
was not particularly interested
because Il seemed TO him more
important to bend all energies 70
the winning of the war, and he
finally told Mr.. Balfour that they
were dividing the bear-skin be
fore the bear had been killed.
MIR. Balfour, so far as the writer
knows, did not reopen the subject
with our Government, while Col.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

aban doned all the Russian claims
under the secret treaties. But
when the Bolshcviki later came
into power (Nov. 6, 1917) they
went still Z step further--a dew
astating step. They not only de-
clarsd general principles, they not
only denounced the secret treaties
BY Implication, but they published
them. And nothing In the world
In 80 awkward and absurd MS q,
published secret treaty. They
opened up to the daylight Of tho
whole world the musty secret
archives OF the old Russian Gov
ernment.
Never was there such an elt-
ample OF the sheer power of pub
licity. The embarrassing texts bf
tho secret treaties (known up to
that tIme) were printed by IN.
Trotzky, the Bolshevist Commis-
sioner OF Foreign Affairs, In rsviss-
tiya, the Official organ OF the
Soviets, In November, 1917. and
they enabled him TO make a point
In his Introductory manifesto
which appealed strongly TO the
parties of the Left in all countries,
that "tbe people should have the
documentary truth about those
plots which were hatcbed In secret
by financiers and industrials, to.
gether with their parliamentary
and diplomatic agents" Though
this publication was attacked and
everywhere mlnimized at the tlms
as being mere "Bolshevlst pr0pa
ganda." yet lat% events, especially
In the Peace Conference. showed
that they had printed the trutn.
While the text OF the secre
! treaties was published by the Bol
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

other secret arrangements were
being made among the Allies, a
hint OF that with Russia regarding
Constantinople, and certainly OF
that OF August, 1916. which
brought Rumania into the war,
but they were never sure that they
knew all the terms of these agree
ments: and they shrewdly sus-
pected Brightly enough as wo
know now) that there were still
other agreements of which they
knew nothing whatever. On one
hand this secrecy caused the oppo-
sition groups to exaggerate the ex-
tent OF the arrangements among
the Allies, and on the other It
estopped responsible statesmen
like Asquith and Grey from ex-
planning why the Allies had been
forced to make promises, for eN-
ample, to Italy and Rumanla, In
order TO get them into the war on
the side OF the Allies. And no
doubt, though their fear of the
secret treaties was real enough,
these radical groups used them
also as n weapon in their general
campaign of opposition TO the Gov
ernments In power.
Italy's Good Intentions.
Italy's opinion, for example, was
by no means undivided at that
time regarding the secret treaty of
London, which gave to Italy such
important accessions OF territory.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25
Above, Conyngham Greene.
Below, Ichiro Motono.

TO thwart him; and the secret
minutes of the Ten and the Four
give conclusive evidence that OF
some of these secret treaties-like
those regarding Turkey-he had
never heard a word.
So far as the President was con-
cerned he considered that tho full
acceptance OF his program of set
tlement by all the Allies at the
armistice, the first point OF which
dealt with secret diplomacy. as
sured discussion at the Peace
Conference Of every question upon
its merits, not upon former secret
arrangements. The nations had
promised and, as he told the joint
session Of Congress. Nov. II. 1918,
he believed that they would do
what they said they would. This
may have been an unwarranted
confidence, but the president en-
tertained> it, and throughout the
Conference refused to accept
secret treaties as basis Of settle
ment Of any question.
hltCI tuc ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VI WAT
aims made by the allied leaders in
January, 1917, the suspicion Of
the opposition groups in the al
lied countries, which had been
temporarily allayed, began soon to
increase again--and at the same
time the fortunes of the Allies IN
the war began to look serious, II
not desperate.
Russia Reveals the Secret Treaties.
In March of that year (1917)
the old Russian Government
crumbled into dissolution, the Gear
fed, and one OF the early acts of
the Revolutionary Government
(not yet the Bolshevik) was to
set forth a program april 10Y
that not only proposed q peace
almost exactly like that Of Presi-
dent Wilson, but by implication
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

tho designs OF tho Allies a. dis
closed by the secret treaties had q
profound effect In strengthening
the influence OF the war party.
They aeemed TO prove the case Of
the war lords. For the German
leaders, hard driven 10 keep up
popular morale, could say to their
war-weary people, "You see what
the Allies are really flghting for,
they are fighting to dismembcr
Germany and Austria and Turkey
and TO seize territory for them
selves In every part OF the world"
Nor is there any doubt that the
discovery by the Croatians and
Slovenes who had never been en-
tirely loyal 10 Austria, that the
Allies had secretly promised to
give TO Rumania parts OF the
Banat occupied wholly by Slavic
people and to Italy the Dalr ttian
coast. set the Slavs who were still
under the Austrian Empire to
fighting again with new yigor for
the Central Power.
"Jf such are the cynical pur-
poses Of the Allies" these small
nations were tempted TO ask-as
they did afterward at Paris, why
are we better off with the Allies
than with the Central Powers7"
America Stin Trusted.
II 10 had not been for the pow
erful expression by President Will
son of the new ideals OF settle
ment at this critical time and tho
eager acceptance of his leadership,
so far as the peace program was
concerned, by the allied powers.
the effect Of these publications
would undoubtedly have been far
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

tween Great Britain, France and
tho other nations Of Europe with
reference to certain adjustments
In Europe hrst come to your
knowledge? Was that after you
reached Paris alsof
THE PRE6IDENT--Yes, the
whole series Of understandings
were disclosed to me for the first
time then.
SENATOR BORAH-Then we
had no knowledge of these secret
treaties. so far N our Government
was concerned, until you reached
Parish
THE PREsIDENT-Not unless
there was Information at the State
Department OF which ! knew moth
Ing.
This does not mean, OF course,
that the President did not know
Of the practices in general Of the
old diplomacy both by Germany
and by the Allies. He refers again
and again In his speeches during
1918, particularly. to the practice
OF making private and secret ar
rangements, though the numerous
references In his speeches to
Secret diplomacy" probably bear
upon the system OF secret alliances
existing before the war--and
which were 80 instrumental In
bringing II about--rather than the
more recent arrangements. lie
never, until he reached Paris
enough appreciated the critical
Importance OF these old entangle-
ments to impel him TO make q
study Of them or really to know
about them. He did not realize
J how they would rise at every turr
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

Guardian (Dec. IL.
1917), and in February, 1918,
they were issued In a little pamph-
let by tho National Labor Press
OF Manchester, with maps showing
what the treaties meant. But the
other newspapers In Great Britain,
France, Italy and America almost
completely ignored them. or
course, there was a reason for this,
which the historian OF these
events, who II trying TO set down
what really happened, need no
longer observe, and that was the
fact that the war at the time was
In n critical stage, and the fact
OF the existence OF these treaties
was disturbing, and tended to
raise voices Of doubt and opposI-
tion.
Although the great speeches Of
Lloyd George and OF President
Wilson (the Fourteen Points
speech) were made in January.
1918, and terms OF peace on a
new basis seemed assured-for the
whole world rose in approval
yet these voices OF skepticlsm and
doubt were not entirely stilled.
The opposition groups were still
worried about the secret treaties,
still suspicious of their own Gov
ernments, and at the same time
growing desperately war-weary.
Nothing was more surprising
and inexplicable at first to the
American observer who went to
Europe during the crisis OF the
war, in 1918, as I did, than the
discovery of the extent and se-i-
business OF this suspicion and dis
content.
On May II, 1918. The Herald
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

worse than IL was--and might
easily have been fatal.
1t was to the liberal and labor
groups that President wilson most
strongly appealed. He drew the
distinction strongly between the
desires~ of Governments and OF
peoples. He wanted to be con-
sidered the representative mot OF
Governments but of peoples" And
especially he hated the old diplo-
macy. and made the very first OF
his Fourteen Points an expression
of his ideal of the new diplomacy:
Open covenants of peace openly
arrived at, after which there shall
be no private international under
standings of any kind.
This point has been given far
too narrow an interpretation; as
though II meant that every diplo-
matte discussion should be open TO
newspaper correspondents; but
what he really did mean is clearly
set forth in a curiously little
known passage from letter to
the Secretary of State, June Is,
1918:
When I pronounced for open
diplomacy, meant, not that there
should be no private discussions
of delicate matters, but that no
secret agreements should be en-
tered into, and that all inter-
national relations, when fixed,
should be open, above board. and
, explicit.
All the nations accepted this
principle as the fundamental basis
of the peace; there was to be a
new order" new association.
This is what that lay deep down
beneath the great popular recep-
ton which Wilson received when
he reached Europe in December.
1918. Yet there in the back
ground was the mass of ugly old
entanglements. America was not
bound by them, the President
hated them. and considered that
he was in no way to recognize
them. The masses OF people in
Europe--so far as they were ar
ticulate-bitterly denounced them.
Yet there they were; and there TO
be dealt with were the Govern
ments that made them or sup
ported them; and it is as neces-
sary to understand the points OF
view they disclose as 1t Is to un-
derstand the equipment OF ideas
with which America entered the
Peace Conference. In the next
chapter these secret treaties will
! be presented in detail.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25
= Mass of Secret Treaties Proved impossible
& Barrier to Open Diplomacy at Paris

Secret Of which the nations involved did not know
contsnta-Wilson had little information them when he
went to Par-How difficult was to get the inside in
formation about the treaties in question
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25

SI~7L'tf
concerned eeuia sv. u. SOS, .1y.r. .nf.r
ssicp sssiiasi..
rusn,sr agreed that p.rhsrs - xiss. =. eta.
80 emit Me clause Of rssisscn which .uAcr,.a t.
'rr' TO ecn'sls tAs rsprssntssfvss OF s rscps
e'n'a. Ever sipes the United states OF ln.r,es Aaa
entered ths ne soay .chsrs
studying such ausstisns Of fact .spss
snsecsasnss and sconoaio elements. IN.
latter tons 81 Importance In many s n.
ions udcr aisuss bed sssn oas. .f .s
eeerlsss their confidence sight VI. a.i.s.,.s
Aessanis Serbia md sssusriss MO v.ua
sissss these dstss Aor~ay savsesss aps .y -.
spresiss eisi.s 70 - arsvu fro,
fses' sy d not fae.s in s. s..s way
ana there something sn., 70. ne. Quit,
treaties question. th.y quite r.sy 70 approve.
ssssaens on tsss OF fsc. N. ciainan.s aia nc,
sissys restrict s,sslvss lini.. s.s sy
their eiss' frequently vac ,u..,fis, :.
the frss.iss.
M LLOYD escr In this eennse.ien drc, attention "a
the Aousnisn claims on the pan.. rs scuu.p,.n, ~,
eisissa hs vhols s.na wn.r.. tn. treaty only sv.
shss psrs.
SMsmUf WILSON. continuing, that no was seeking
'niieAs'rnsnt and this would aeas. afforded
convincing presentation sy the experts. resolution.
proposed hy ". I'ya George net rees.v. acceptance
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25
Bv RAY STANNARD BAKER

Doubleday Published bv special
Arrangements tth The Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-02-25
The Treaty Of London.

On April &c, 1915, nine months
after the war began, the secret
treaty OF London, which brought
Italy into the war, was signed.
While the liberals of Europe knew
in part the promises the Allies had
made to Italy chad had to makeD
they also knew the danger that
lurked in such annexationist COM
mitments. They knew also that