, 1922-01-12

lament and submitted to dali cream.
Ulster was not consulted. but WAS
given the option Of becoming a part
of the Irish Free state or retaining
her status. Angrily she chose the
latter. b.
Charles, ex-emperor Of Austria-Hun-
gary, made two futile efforts to regain
The Hungarian throne. On March % he
appeared In Hungary without forces
and claimed the crown. but Regent
Horthy refused to step aside. CzechO-
sl"vakia, .JuGnSlaAn and RumanIa
modified to Illustrate the cup n the
allied council Of ambassadors warned
Hungary that the restoration of the
llapsburg regime would no be tO!er-
ated. So Charles returned to his place
OF refuge in Switzerland. But he was
not through. for on October ~ he n
his wife,. Zita. went by airplane to
Hungary and rallied Il considerable
number of supporters who proclaimed
Charles king. Again the little en-
tente" prepared for action, but Regent
ll"rthy led his army out OF Budapest
and defeated the Curllsts in a real bat
tie. The former emperor n empress
were taken prisoner, as were a number
Of prominent Hungarian mobiles. The
allies drcrprd that Charles must he
exiIed. and in November he and Zita
were taken to Funchal. Madeira.
Iiussia's year was one of fighting,
famine and efforts to resume relations
with other nations. The soviet gov
eminent held its own against repeated
revoltS. which Included risings of the
w~urkincmeu of Moscow, of peus-
ants under Antonov. and an invasion
OF the Ukraine by Petlura, which for
II time threatened to be successful.
Failure of the crops brought a terrible
famine in The Volga region. Many
thousands starved to death and even
the American relief administration,
which took charge of the situation,
could only partially check the disaster.
In seeking to break through the ring
of Isolation surrounding it. the Moscow
government gradually receded from Its
c~ommunistic principles. 1t sought the
mid of foreign capital, and on August
8 1t abandoned state ownership of all
but n few of the largest industries.
Treaties were made with the Baltic
states and with Turkey, and tempt
ing offers of concessions were held
out to other nations. In a notable
announcement on October q Premier
LIenIn admitted the economic defeat
OF communism.
Old King Peter of Serbia died in
Belgrade on August II. and four days
later his son Alexander was pro
claimed king Of Jugo-Slavia. He was
reluctant to leave Paris, however. and
it was not until November 6 that he
went to Belgrade and assumed his
crown. Portugal was upset by sew.
eral revolutionary movements toward
the close Of the rear. On August 10
the ministry was overthrow by a mill
tary cup and several cabinet men,
bers. including Premier Granjo. were
nssasslnated. A few days later a plot
Of the royalists was uncovered, and in
November Carvalho Mesquite led a re-
volt. Because Of these disorders and
Of the spread of bolshevlsm the pow.
ers began consideration of a plan for
llteTNtIltiOL. SpuIIl Hdu TcDcls, aiSO-
the tribesmen Of Morocco. Against
them she maintained a wearying and
expensive warfare for months. And
while on the subject of rebellion, men-
ton must be made Of the revolt of
the Moplahs on the Malabar coast of
India, which caused the British gov.
eminent much annoyance and not q
few lives.
There were communist outbreaks in
Germany In March, and on August 20
Matthias E~rzberger, the German states
man who signed the treaty Of Yer
~sMIlles, was assasslnnted. Doctor wrth,
who became chancellor on May 10. re-
signed with his cabinet on October %.
hut was persuaded to remain In office
and form a new ministry. In Novem.
Der there were riots In many German
cities due to the high prices Of food.
The chauvlnistic element in Japan
was active, especially after the WASH
ington conference opened. and on No
vember 3 Premier Hara was asssssI-
mated. Vlscount Takahashi succeeded
him. The emperor of Japan suffered
a complete mental and physical break
down some time last year. and Crown
Prince Hirohito was made regent Oh
November 25. He had lately returned
from a tour Of Europe.