davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Our Relations to Canada
Beacon Light to the World

An embassy at Washington win be
established in due time. and 1t is re-
called that the late viscount James
Bryce. the English Yankee" and big
gest figure in the empire, in one Of
his last speeches emphasized that the
relations between the United States
and Canada were a beacon light TO
civilization. While British Ambas-
sador at Washington viscount Bryce
visited III. r. II. the Duke OF Con-
naught at Rideau Hall in Ottawa
and informed me that nearly all Ills
duties at Washington were dealing
with neutrality-suspicious. lie said the
deep waterways would soon be Lead
ing issue in this country and the
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Are Many CoiIegistes Taking
Up Work They Can't Do ?

Yet. although the community can
not have too many literally educated
citizens for its own good and growth.
II can have too many citizens OF A
certain professional or vocational
class II may have more yhen edu-
Gated as lawyers than Il CAN absorb
or use. Il NAV have mcrf men edu-
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

The charge is made. with almost
equal forcefulness. that the increase in
students in the United States is so
great that It has resulted I'm too many
students OF the highest education. In
such n charge tho emphasis OF the
remark lies. OF course. in the phrase
too many.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

The following facts regarding the
attendance at several American uni
versities in the present academic year
OF 1921-22 are also even more Timely
and nnrhn nc mora sirnificant.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

Copyright. 1893. by THE New YonK IIsRALp.
New York Herald Bureau.
London, April r.
The pigeons Of st. Pauls Cathedral
are falling victims to motor transpor-
tation. They have long been a feature
of London and AS much part Of the
famous cathedral as its great rounded
dome, but IL Is now feared they are pas
sing. During the recent wet weather
many we're picked up In the court
yard dead obviously from starvation.
Oflcials explain that In the past they
depended on grain dropped from nose
bags Of truck horses. but now the auto
mobiles are cutting Off their food supply.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Thrills That Science Got From Astrology,
Alchemy and the Physics in Days Gone By
Now Derived From Study Of New Theories

Just as No Old Fashioned Parlor Was Complete With
out Stereoscope, Slides and the Family Album,
No Parlor Is Now Considered Up to Date
Without Ouija Board a Volume of Freud
and the Latest Works on Psychology.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
MARK A. MAY, Ph. D.,
Syracuse University.

has
the
interested
Chemistry youth scientific
Newon
generation these
of
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Too Many Doctrines and
Theories Are Confusing

How psychology came into so much
prominence Is hard to explain. The
work that a group of real psychologists
did in the world war brought the
science to the attention of the public
and gave it an impetus that it has not
lost. 1t has been truly said that the
war put psychology on the map. Other
factors have contributed heavily to its
popularity. One is the tendency of
americans to run to fads. Psychology
seems to be quite "the thing" among
the so-called intellectuals.
How can the public detect counterfeit
psychology? BY what tests can the
real article be distinguished from sub
stitutes? What things allied with psy-
chology are likely to be confused with
IL? The writer does not wish to convey
the idea that everything that is con-
fused with psychology is delibera e
attempt to deceive. There are many
practices. doctrines, theories, exercises
and beliefs that bear names resembling
psychology that make no pretense of
being psychology. Nevertheless they
are confusing to the public. There is
probably not one man in a hundred
who knows the difference between
psychic research and psychological
research" or between Psychologist,
and psychic" or between "psychcl-
ogy" and "psycho-analysis."
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Problems of Psychic Research
Belong to the Future World

Psychic research is something quite
different from psychology. and, as a
rule, makes no pretense OF being the
same. The Society for Psychology Re-
search, both in America and In Eng
land is different organization from
the Psychological Association. / doubt
if there are more than five out of 400
members of the American Psychologi-
cal Association who are also members
Of society for psychic research. On
the other hand, I doubt IL there are
very many scientific psychologists who
are working on the problems of the
psychic research societies.
The main difference between psyche
logical research and psychic research
is that the problems and data OF the
former belong to the present world
and order OF things. whereas those OF
the latter lie entirely within the fu-
ture world. In short, psychic research
is an effort to investigate spirit phe-
nomena: psychological research is an
effort to investigate problems OF pres
cnt mental life. Not alone in respect
10 the fields OF investigation do the
two differ. but also in method OF in
vestigation. The psychologist con-
ducts his experiments according to the
strict rules OF scientific procedure.
There is a standard method OF inves-
tigation known as the scientific
method" the adoption OF which gives
any field OF knowledge the right to be
called a science. Psychology is a
science because II strives to work ac-
cording to the established methods Of
science. Not so with psychic research.
II Is true that some of the leaders In
this movement are scientists and are
moved with scientific motives Sir
Oliver Lodge. for example. Is a well
known psychic researcher and also an
eminent physicist. Some OF the psychic
work of Lodge might very well be
classed as scientific, but the majority
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

A. May of the psychological
Syracuse University of American Psychological
American Association for
the Advancement of Science.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

gists for two reasons. First, because
the public is likely to take psyche
analysis for psychology. and, second
because certain psychoanalysts have
made a direct attack upon psychology.
1t is quite beyond the aim OF this ar
ticle to open up the question of debate
between the psychologists and the
psychoanalysts. Our chief aim is to
make it absolutely clear that while the
two have elements in common they are
by no means the same. The chief point
of difference is that psychology is a
science and psychoanalyss is a
method of treatment Of mental and
nervous diseases. 1t is true that psy-
chology Is interested in mental dis
orders and that psychoanalysts are
interested in the problems of psy-
GEOLOGY. The root of the trouble
seems to be that the psychoanalysts
feel that the psychologists have no
business invading the field Of the alb
normal and the psychologists feel tina.
the psychoanalysts have no business
in the field of the normal. There you
have it:
Scientific Psychology
Difficult to Describe
What, then. is scientific psychology?
To adequately describe it here is inn
possible. In the first place. it is a very
young science and lacks the crystal
zation OF the older sciences. Physics
and chemistry, for example. are easy to
define because the facts of which they
treat are cut and dried. There is moth
ing cut and dried about scientific psy-
chology. Consequently there is a di-
vergence Of opinion among psychol-
ogists concerning methods Of procedure
and lines Of attack. In one thing, how
ever, they all agree. and that is that
the rules OF scientific work must be
strictly observed. In the first place,
every science must begin with certain
facts which are marked off from
others. Psychology takes as it's sub
ject matter the facts Of the mental life
which are ordinarily called the facts
of consciousness. A recent textbook
defines it as "the science Of conscious
and near conscious activities Of living
individuals. There is variety of
definitions, but all agree that psy-
chology is limited to the study of the
facts Of experience with varying
limitations and restrictions. In the sec
ond place, every science must have a
method OF investigation. In general
the method of psychological investiga-
ton is the same as that Of all
sciences. namely, observation. In the
third place. every science proceeds
from certain defined presuppositions
and hypothesis which are to be proven
or disproven by experiment. This gives
rise to psychological laboratories, in
which the various theories concerning
the mental life are investigated and in
which new facts are derived and new
data are discovered Finally science
formulates its findings into laws. Psy-
choloGy has not reached the stage in
whrich many laws are formulated. We
have certain laws which at present are
giving good results; some of them
appear to be final, while others are
clearly tentative.
Scientific psychology can be made
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
President Harding Interested
In American Members

In American M emberS
The newly elected member Of the
Progressive party from Battleford,
Saskatchewan province. in the Domin-
ion Parliament is Mr.. Thomas A. Nc
Conica. formerly of Marion. Ohio. II
seems that IL is largely an accident
that Warren G. Harding is not now a
progressive farmer in Saskatchewan.
Canada, instead of President of the
foremost nation in the world. Ohio Is
not only the home of Presidents and
sent more soldiers to the civil war
than any other State. but 1t grows al
most every known product of the soil.
Sitting in his library at the White
House in Washington on December Z,
President Harding had read to him
the results of the general election in
Canada. He was advised by Senator
Arthur Capper of Kansas and the
present Secretary of Agriculture Wal
lace Of Iowa that the united farmers
Of the Dominion were we'll led by Hon.
IT. a. Crerar of Manitoba and would
be factor in the Canadian situation.
but he was surprised to learn def.
nitely that the Progressives had swept
the west. while the French province
OF Quebec sent the full contingent of
sixty-five members to the Liberal
column.
In looking down the names OF the
western NJ. P.s President Harding was
particularly pleased TO find his old
friend and deskmate in the Ohio Legis-
lsture among the victors. The re-
sponsibilities OF the disarmament con-
ference and all his other cares did not
deter him from asking the chief of
the Progressive group to present his
congratulations to Mr.. McConica.
Battleford is embalmed in song and
story in many languages. for the ex,
plorers, missionaries, pilgrims, adven-
turers and Indian tribes who came up
from the Atlantic. the Hudson. the ST.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Two Fields in Which
There Are Still More Room

There are. however, two fields in
which the number of college educated
bcys and girls is not too large. To
one OF these fields / have already re-
ferred, the field OF teaching. For there
is need of more teachers in our
schools and colleges. and need also
of better trained teachers. In respsctI
to the number and in respect to the
professional fitness tho need in thel
field Of teaching is terribly urgent. Forl
education is, first and foremost, a mat-i
ter of teaching. In great teaching are
included rich and fine personality. ade-
Quate technical fitness. wisdom. pa 4
tience. devotion, and all the best. I'M
tellectual and ethical clements ,of
character. No emphasis can be laid
otoes strongly on the evaluation of the
power of the teacher. The demand
for great teachers ever exceeds the
supply. Be it said also that in one,
respect the profession has become,
more attractive. for in recent years.
the salary schedule in both college and'
public school has greatly advanced. In,
the executive places of the public|
schools the salaries are now large. Inl
&NSW iOihs 1hANd6os ditn-
Pittsburgh the salary of the superin-.
tendents of public instruction isi
$4,000. In cities like Cleveland. Bos-
ton. Cincinnati and Omaha it is
$4,000. High school principals, tooi
are receiving in the great cities of the
States OF New York, New Jersey
Michigan, Pennsylvania. Illinois. sti-'
pends of $4,000 or more. Teachers,
too. high school teachers. in Milwau-
kee and Cleveland are receiving ssl-I
aries of $500. The gateway TO theI
more important places in the publicl
schools is the college itself.
Neither is there an oversupply OF
college students who propose to enter
the calling OF the ministry. With thel
exception OF one or two churches. thel
college is not providing the theologica1
seminaries and divinity schools with
the proper number OF candidates fod
holy orders. There are reasons which,
tend TO turn away students of fine
ethical and noble religious character,
from the choice of the ministry as a
profession. Conscientious students OF
the college dislike TO think OF the min
istry as a field of strife for the first
professional places. They also rccog-
nize that the period Of usefulness in
the ministry is short one. An inn
preston prevails that the ministry has
especial attractiveness for men OF tie
less worthy intellectual sort. Men,
therefore. Of the more worthy intel,
,ectual character are diverted. An nm
preston prevails. too. that cheap,
,,,arafricfouS aualitiea do have qpeciai
value in contributing to what is callei
pulpit triumphs" These. and similar
reasons OF diverse values. unite 70
divert best mon from choosing tho
clerical as their calling. The supply.
therefore. is far less than the proper
demands.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

tongue and on every immortal page.
Just as no old fashioned parlor was
complete without stereoscope and
slides of the seven wonders of the
world, the family album and copy
,f Pilgrims Progress" so no mod
c;a parlor is considered up to date
;'hout ouija board, volume of
'raTd anl the latest works OH 'psy-
c'clogy." No new novel is considered
worth reading unless the word 'psy-
G. ology' occurs at least one hundred
times. We hear great deal about
the psychological moment" or the
psychological law" or the "psychol-
ogy of the mob" and to top the stack
with the latest one, psychological
grim" Indeed, psychology seems to
Lave become the open sesame Of
business. industry and literature-the
abracadabra of life.
Perhaps one Of the most philan-
flsopc deeds of the day would be the
.ee sapization of a Society for the Pre-
Nantion of The Preparation of Psy-
,'-oogy The sins that are being COM
ittcd in tho name OF psychology are
sion. All one needs to get a follow
ily is to hoist a banner with a
strange device" and call it psychol-
ogy. To make a thing sell label it
psychology" and the public will rush
volIr stands
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

The average character analyst is
clever salesman with strong per-
sonality and a persuasive manner.
Vocational analysts is a first cousin
of character analysis, and in some in
stances is its half brother. Scientific
psychology has as one of its legiti-
mate branches vocational psychology.
So far little scientific headway has
been made in this field. Most OF the
tests are of a negative nature-that is,
they serve to predict what man can
not do rather than what he can do.
Good beginnings have been made, and
after few years of careful research
something resembling vocational guild
ance will be realized. 1t is extremely
doubtful at the present stage of de-
velopment of vocational psychology
whether any one by a series of inter-
views, tests or questions can predict
with anything like accuracy the voca-
ton one will most likely succeed in.
Mental Patent Medicines
Sold by Applied Psychologists
In the last few years there have ap-
peared in this country score or more
| of lecturers and writer's who call
| themselves Applied Psychologists or
Practical Psychologists" In their
advertisements they are referred to
as "The Worlds Greatest Applied
Psychologists" and other similar high
sounding phrases. Under the label OF
applied Psychology" they are ped
ding all sorts of mental patent medi-
cines. These self-styled psychologists
claim that by observing certain simple
rules of living such as simple diet and
special forms OF exercises and by ap-
plying a kind of mental gymnastics
which they call psychology, one can
cure any disease and even prolong
human life beyond the century limit.
They claim to be able to perform
miracles in healing by the use of
psychological laws. Some OF these
cures have distinct religious color
and resemble Christian Science and
New Thought, although the lecturer
or peddler claims that it is neither.
| In this connection it should be said
| that neither the International Society
OF Applied Psychology. nor the vari-
Gus clubs Of applied psychology are
in any way connected with or allied
with the American Psychological AS
sociation. 1t is the opinion OF the
writer that neither of TIE above or
| ganizations has any business using
the word psychology at all. Judging
from their literature and from their
lectures they have very hazy notions
as to the problems and scope Of scien-
tific psychology.
Psychoanalysis Is Thing
Apart From Psychology
or all the pseudo sciences that are
commonly confused with psychology
there is one that stands out pre-
eminently. This is psychoanalysis.
! The average psychologist tends to
| ignore such things as psychic re-
search, mental telegraphy and the
various societies for applied psy-
chology so-called. but he cannot
ignore psychoanalysis. The rise and
rapid spread of psychoanalysis has
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Character Analysis and
Fortune Telling Still a Vogue

Judging from the amount OF space
occupied in popular magazines and
from the number OF advertisements
contained therein, the ancient practice
of character analysis and fortune tell
ing occupy a prominent place in the
public imagination. Character analysis
in all it's forms and variation has for
q long time been one of the pseudo
scientific appendages to psychology
and often confused with 1t. One reason
is that the average phrenologist or
physiognomist or palmist or what not,
very often claims the title Of "psy-
chologist." Th- truth Is that these
gentlemen are more in the class with
patent medicine vendcrs than they are
in the ranks OF psychologists. Char
acter analysis is not wholly confined
to facial geography or cranial topog-
raphy. but II may take any one OF a
dozen different forms. The experts
in this field specialize on different
things. Most OF them go by the fea-
lures OF the head and face, other con-
slider the gait or the general manner,
or the shape OF the fingers, the thick
ness Of the neck, ana so forth. The
main thing Is 10 be able 10 recognize
such specialists when they appear.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Too Many Students Big Handicap
to Our Colleges and Universities;
Foreign Nations Even Worse Off

Gated as physicians-although this is
Tar from at present being the fact
tnan IT can use. 1t may have more
men educated as engineers-chemical.
electric. civil, mechanical--than ii can
hnd employment for. IT is fitting.
moreover. TO think of the future. At
the present moment, or year, the num-
Der OF literally educated citizens NAV
seem to be excessive as they are edu-
Gated for any one calling. But a dec
ade hence the number may be only
normal and fitting. An over plus OF
especially trained persons rapidly,
diminishes under demands swiftly in
creasing. Practical wisdom and rea-
soned judgment ever take the long
view of social and educational condi-
tions, methods. forces.
At another extreme stands the
community saying to these boys and
girls, You are not intellectually cana
bic OF getting or using the education
which you declare you want. You are
being educated beyond your abilities.
You arc stumbling over yourselves
You are taking up work which you
cannot do. lifting loads which YOU
cannot carry. seeing visions YOU
cannot realize. The eyes see further
than the feet can walk. Boys and
girls OF second rate or third rate abil-
ity are attempting to go to college.
Boys who would make good plumbers
are being educated for the bar. Men
who would be well qualified to under
stand soils and the rotation OF crops
are trying to become diagnosticians OF
the bodies and souls OF men. 1t is a
task unwise. expensive, rather hope
less" Thus interprets at least a part
Of the community. looking on the
vast multitude OF these youths. These
interpretations and implications have
certain degree Of truthfulness. They
must not. however. be pushed too far.
The fact that boys or girls of eighteen
or twenty want an education gives a
tremendous evidence that they are
fitted to get, and ought to have, an
education
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
BY JOHN GLADSTONE GRACE.
Member Of the House of Commons,
Ottawa, Canada.

The transplanted American farmer
and rancher who few years ago took
up land in the fertile Canadian West
are commencing to arrive at the Cana
dian House of Commons as represen-
tatives. President lIsrding, who has
kept in close touch with the agrarian
movement both in Canada and the
United States and saw long before
others the possibilities both politically
and industrially Of organized agricuI-
ture. has discovered an old friend in
the new House Of Commons at Ottawa.
In the Canadian Progressive party OF
seventy members are quite few who
claim Massachusetts. New York, Penn
sylvania. Ohio and other great North
ern States as their birthplace.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09

of the psychic researches are not truly
scientific. Deliberate fraud has been
detected many times. Spirit seances
have been shown up" to be nothing
more than ordinary stage magic. The
greatest scientific error that the
psychic researchers make is that Of
ignoring the negative instances. They
like to dwell on the dramatic and the
startling. The cases in which the
spirit comes and results" are obtained
are the ones reported. They are loath
TO report cases in which the stage was
set and the spirit failed to show up.
The technic of psychic research could
hardly be called scientific. The psy-
chologist works in his laboratory in
broad open daylight with instruments
and apparatus that any one can see
and understand the psychic re-
searcher claims that he must work in
the darkness or semi darkness and
with such apparatus as cabinets,
states, cameras. ouija boards, tables
&C.
The New York herald., 1922-04-09
Seances and Table Tipping
Are Quite Another Thing

Whatever truth there may be in
spirit seances, table tipping, cabinet
performances, spirit messages, spirit
photographs, &C.. most psychologists
are not interested Herewith. The at
titude OF the average psychologist
toward psychic research was once ex-
pressed by Elbert Hubbard. who re-
marked that those who are expert on
the future life don't know much about
this one. The genuine scientist is too
busy with the problems3of human life
and experience to spend his time in
vestigating haunted houses or coaxing
spirits out OF the world beyond.
Ghosts. spirits. mediums ouija board
performances and so forth form no
part of the psychologists program Of
work. Look through any standard
textbook in psychology and you will
find not word about any OF these
things. Attend a meeting OF some
psychological association and the
chances are 100 to l that you will not
hear single paper read on these
topics and IL you hear them mentioned
it will be a matter of chance.
The psychologist cannot communi-
cate with the dead, neither can he read
your thoughts. Thought transference,
mental telegraphy. or telepathy, as it
Is often called, are just as foreign to
the field of legitimate psychology as
psychic research. Applying the text
book test we find no mention of
thought waves in modern texts. The
other test-that OF whether psycholo-
gists have investigated thought trans
ference-is negative. Certain psyche
logical investigations have been made
with negative results. Thought waves
will not stand the acid test OF science
The marvellous facts that are at
triouted to mental telegraphy usually
turn out to be mere condolences. The
burden of proof rests on those who
advocate thought waves. 1t is not the
business of a psychologist to have up
his sleeve a ready and mysterious ex-
PLANTATION of certain alleged expert
ences" which may have been entirely
illusory. Moreover, science cannot deal
with such fitful, sporadic, uncertain
and uncomfortable phenomena as
thought waves appear to be. When
sufficient evidence has been accumu-
lated the psychologist will be entirely
willing to give it his thought and at
tention. So far nothing convincing