davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-03-19
How Prosperity in America Is Dependent Upon Trade
Carried Overseas in Ships Under the American Flag

nation eminent in trade are out
going rather than incoming"
Provisions OF the Bill.
The detailed provisions II the new
bill giving indirect and direct govern
ment aid TO American ships in the
foreign trade have been made public
/, already. Suffice to say that the high
spots Ct tho indirect aid are: U)
CD sale Of the Shipping Board fleet;
go construction of loan fund OF
SIZE, 100000 for building new vessels
% deduction Of income tax to the
extent of per cent Of the freight
paid on exports and imports; (5) one
half of our immigrants to be brought
on American vessels; (S) creation of
q naval reserve; T) preference OF
American vessels by tho departments
of the government and citizens; (S)
creation Of an army transport serv-
ice; 90 American vessels alone al
lowed in trade with tho Philippine
Islands, free to all vessels since 1918
(1O) preferential rail rates on. through
shipments in American vessels or
enforcement of section 28 Of the act
of 1920; (1D cooperation of railroads
with American. ships and a prefer
ence in freight rates on merchandise
exported or imported in American
ships; (12) American control Of ma
rine insurance.
Tho high spots in the direct aid
are: "a A differenttal payment to
American vessels, based OH gross ton
mage, speed and miles Travelled, be-
ginning with half-cent per gross tor
for each. 100 miles covered: (2) United
States mails to be carried in Ameri-
can vessels.
marine fund for the payment Of d.
rest aid are: ~ Ten per cent Of the
customs collections on all imports
and exports, both on American and
foreign vessels. to be set aside; (2)
tonnage taxes to be added to the
fund.
why Aid Is Necessary.
The three fundamental reasons un-
DERIVING the necessity for govern
ment aid to American ships in the
foreign trade appear to be % higher
pay to American officers and crews
(2) higher subsistence standards and
COSTS, 80 higher fixed charges fol-
interest, insurance and depreciation
on our admittedly higher ship values
To this might be added subsidies and
other forms Of aid granted to the
shipping Of competing countries and
the various methods employed to dis.
criminate against American vessels
in the race for the worlds commerce
There is no controversy over wages
1t is conceded that there is q higher
scale of wages on American ships, as
there is a higher scale of wages or
land An ordinary American seaman
receives about $55 q month; a British
seaman about $35, and an Italian sea.
man about $25. A Japanese receives
less. 1t costs more to equip and pro.
vision an American vessel than a YES.
sell of any other maritime country
To compete with foreign vessels this
margin must be covered with some
sort Of government aid.
0ther Handicaps In Shipping.
But 1t Is generally conceded tha,
there are even more powerful rea.
sons why some form Of governmen,
Evening star., 1922-03-19
CONTROL OF NEXT HOUSE
BIG STAKE In CAMPAIGN
Republicans to Take the Aggressive With
Statement of Things Accomplished
in Harding's First Year.

! arouse a public state Of mind which
it will be difficult to correct. That's
why the committee is anxious to get out
it statement of facts on the republican
achievements as soon as possible and as
, persistently as possible
Michigan is a notable exception to
the ciaracter of letters the committee
| received. Every letter from Michigan
was encouraging and written in spirit
of cooperation, so that the committee
feels Michigan is in a good condition.
Massachusetts, on the contrary, is an
example of how the editorial criticism
of certain republican newspapers is
causing disturbed condition among
| the voters. 1t is explained that in the
particular case of Massac achusetts the
editorial criticism. is because Congress
and Navy.
THINK THE WEST ALREADY
IN REPUBLICAN BAG.
The reports thus far received from
the scouts indicate to Chairman Fess
and his counselors that the west is 60
ing to be easy, aided materially by the
batch of farmer legislation passed and
in the works, and that the real fight is
, going to be in the east, where the oppo-
sition is altogether due to dissatisfaction
because Congress has not been able to
reduce taxation as much as was ex-
pected and over the soldier bonus meas
ure coming on. the business and f1nan-
cial interests being sore about this.
Through the conferences with repub-
lican members of the state delegations,
the congressional committee is able to
work in close cooperation with the
party leaders in each state and to get
concretely to them the essential state
ment of fact which the congressional
committee believes should be stressed
giving the people the real facts" they
call il.
The political schools in each state
are new feature, and, as may be
guessed. this is an idea of Chairman
Fess, who is an old schoolmaster.
The plan is to have such schools in
every state, as far as possible, and,
as far as his own campaign will allow.
DR.. Fess will personally take charge
of these schools. Here is how he pro-
poses to work it: First, send out word
to all the active party workers in the
state to meet at a certain place on
certain day. In the forenoon these
workers would make their reports
on local conditions and thus the cam
paiGn committee could get good sur
vey of the situation in each state and
see where action was needed, finding
out about disturbing elements, new
political tendencies not heretofore
observed. In the afternoon these party
workers would be given general in
structions on the lines of attack deal
ing chiefly with the problem before
the administration, what the admins
tration has accomplished. the program
yet unfinished and special warnings
against unwise suggestions for legis-
lation. At night there would be a
mass meeting with an address to the
public.
Evening star., 1922-03-19
BY EDWARD NELSON DINGLEY.

n1 Ell ANU INHASuN DANohEsAs
- INCE the world war public atten-
tion has been directed more
than ever to Americas foreign
- trade. This is due primarily
to the fact that the result of the war
was to place the United States in
the front rank of world powers and
to demonstrate that while domestic
markets arc essential foreign mar
kets are equally necessary.
Business depression and widespread
unemployment (happily declining),
following in the wake OF war. were
exceptionally acute, because the
United States for years had depended
largely upon its domestic markets
and had not made a national busi-
ness Of developing foreign markets.
Our foreign commerce grew and de-
veloped steadily for forty years fol-
lowing the civil war-from about a
billion dollars in 1879 to more than
two billions in 1912. This was under
favorable conditions-an expanding
Industrial era, tremendous growth of
American Industries and increasing
yield Of American farm products, and
likewise period of comparative
peace, Interrupted by only three wars
of any consequence to destroy wealth
and disturb economic conditions.
Foreign Markets Necessary.
Today the situation seems to be re-
versed. The need of the hour is not
only domestic markets but foreign
markets. In fact, it is alleged by
some (although: by no means univer-
sally accepted) that a comprehensive
development of foreign markets is
necessary to q return of American in
dustrial and agricultural prosperity
and a substantial reduction Of unem-
ployment.
Obviously. one of the prime requl-
sites for the permanent establishment
Of foreign. markets is an American
merchant marine. The purpose Of
this article is to present the situa-
tion to the average reader. state the
essential facts involved, tell how the
proposed government aid will oper-
ate if put into effect, and what OBJ
stacles seem to make this government
aid necessary.
1t is we'll known and commonly ac-,
knowledged that foreign trade cannot
be promoted to the best advantage of
the United States unless delivery Of
the goods is made in American ships,
on the same principle that large
department store cannot do business
satisfactorily If it does not have Its
own system Of delivery wagons. If
it depended upon competing depart
ment houses for delivery, 1t would be
at a great disadvantage. During the
forty years referred to above the .ex-
ports of merchandise from the United
States were carried largely in foreign
vessels-in 1s72 about 20 per cent. un-
til In 1912 it was. 90. per- cent. In,
the latter year the United States ex-
ported billion and three-quarters IN
value of merchandise and only per
cent was carried in American vessels.
T.
Efforts to Revive shi1pinE.
During that forty years many ef-
forts were made to revive American
shipping in the foreign trade: The
story Is well known. The world war
Evening star., 1922-03-19
PLAN MMARy TO SHOW
THINGS ACCOMPLISHED.

| The concrete statement of fact
corner stone will be predicated on d
| summary of all administrations show
! ing that each was distinguished for
| some particular accomplishment, and
| then pointing out that there are four
| outstanding events of vast signifl-
cance'' In tho first year Of Hardings
| administrations:
| The RESTORATION OF peace, the re-
| sumption of diplomatic and trade re-
| lations with all countries. and the
adjustment Of our differences with
| foreign countries growing out of the
war.
| The Inauguration of national bud
get system, which stands as the great
est fiscal reform since our govern
ment was inaugurated.
| The arms conference, whose perma-
| nent results are conceded in Europe
and America as the greatest accom-
plishment for world peace in history.
The program for agricultural re-
habilitation. ...
The line of argument to be followed
by the republican campaign workers
is proposed as follows:
These four features of this first year
of Harding are outstanding and com
pare most favorably whit any OF his
predecessors. The handling Of our for
eign relations is equal to the best OF
his predecessors. The arms conference
has a wider meaning than any Of his
predecessors administrations except
Washington in the inauguration OF
our system of government. Jefferson
in our national expansion and Lincoln
in the preservation of tho Union.
Tho budget system stands out as
! the country's greatest reform to
avoid waste, duplication, extrava-
gance and unwise pork-barrel legis-
lation. This years procedure has al
/ ready placed the country's business
upon as sound 4 basis as our best reg
ulated businesses of the country.
NUMEROUS MINOR THINGS
ALSO ON THE LIST.
In addition to these four outstand-
Ing Accomplishments many less I'M
portant, but nevertheless, valuable,
measures have been advanced, among
them the following:
In its economy program it has re-
duced the cost Of government from
| $4,000, 100000 in 1919 to $4,O65, ,000, 900
the present fiscal year, with the
promise of a reduction to $3.5o0,0o0,-
600 next year. OF this amount three
fixed charges upon the Treasury,
amounting to almost two billions, re-
publicans inherited from the former
administration-viz. $975,000,000 in
terest, 1881, 100000 sinking fund and
S49o,o0o,o00 disabled soldiers fund.
The Sixty-seventh Congress revised
the taxation system and saved $685.
o00, 900 psr year to the taxpayer.
CONTINUED on Third Page.l
Evening star., 1922-03-19
Efforts to Revive shiIpinE.

During that forty years many ef-
forts were made to revive American
shipping in the foreign trade: The
story Is well known. The world war
created 3 vital necessity for ships,
and three billion dollars. way spent
fevcrishly. shc result being that after
Evening star., 1922-03-19
Problems Await Return
! OF President Harding From the South

Gov. Cox of Ohio was chosen, but Cleveland
elevation was a striking example of the opera
tion of the tradition.
Evening star., 1922-03-19

w HEN President Harding returns to
IA the capital he will find some of the
v " public questions which were bother
some at the time of his departure
Evening star., 1922-03-19
OPPOSITION TO THE PLAN
FOR SHIFTING JUDGES.

: There is strong opposition, too. to
the proposal that the Chief Justice
shall be allowed to transfer these
judges from district to district as he
sees fit. The claim is made that the
people charged with offenses in a
given district are entitled to be tried
before Judge selected from tha.
Evening star., 1922-03-19

But it is generally conceded that
there are even more powerful rea.
sons why some form Of government
Evening star., 1922-03-19

Continued on Third Pase.1
Evening star., 1922-03-19

ETTING justice in the United
States is a tough job just at
T present. There is no inten-
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
Wonders Of the Air.

A little fellow of Beacon Hill ON
seeing the dirigible passing overhead
the other day called out: 'Oh, moth.
or, come and look There's a sub.
marine flying In the sky, just like an
airplane. boston Transcript.
Origin of Freemasonry Unknown.
The society Of Free Masons apte
iates all other societies by centuries.
tts origin Is so ancient that the place
and time Of its birth are unknown.
Its legend say that it was organized
at the building of the temple Of Solo
mon, but this is nor accepted with
much credence. By some writer's Its
origin has been ascribed to the
DruidS, by others to the Knights
Templar and to Pythagoras, and 1t
has not escaped the fad which in mod.
ern times has attributed so many
Of the uncertain productions to the
uimble brain Of Sir Francis Bacon
Within recent years traces Of the
organization are said to have been
discovered In Palestine or the Egyp
tian obelisks and in the pyramidA
In fact, II has been asserted that IN.
vestigators have become satisfied
that the society grew directly from
an organization engaged In the COZ
'tructiOn Of the pvramidA
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
u. D. c. CELEBRATED
GEORGIA DAY

Mrs. {. T. Owens and Mrs. 7. T.
Plttman were joint hostesses at the
attractive home of Mrs. Owens when
the U. D. c. met to celebrate Georgia
Day last Friday afternoon.
The rooms were frightened with
many vases of spring flowers and
handsome fern and as an emblemetic
centrepiece was bowl of artistic
handmade white Cherokee roses
Mrs. ]. E. Turner reported the Geor-
sia flag raised on the 18th by the
young ladies down town to have net
ted the Helen Plane educationl around
$40. A donation to the library was
discussed and it was decided to adj
vance a payment on Library day for
the history of Georgia already pur-
chased.
Mrs. c. L. Saunders reported the
woman's club educational committee
their intention of putting on large
pageant in April if. they can get the
necessary cooperation from the other
societies-each to present a particu-
lar scene properly costunded and
bear their own expense. This was
voted affirmatively.
A splendid program then followed
in which the following ladies took part
Mrs. r. M. Pryor, Mrs. nellie Mon.
Grief, Mrs. w. G. Broadhurst, Mrs
Frank Ward, Mrs. J. F. Turner ant
Miss Louise Smith
A piano duet was given by Misses
Dorothy Thurmond and Katherine
Smith and reading by Miss Dorothy
| Jay.
Mrs. Owens was assisted by hel
daughters Mary Lynn and Evelyn to-
gether with Mrs Pittman in serving
a delicious salad course and coffee
with whipped cream during the socia
half hour.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
LOYAL BEREANS
MEET

On Friday, February 9th, the Loyal
Bereans met with Mr.. Edwin Dixon
northwest of the city.
Mr.. Milton Hopkins conducted the
devotional by reading from John Al
IA, and gave the class splendid talk
on the source of True Happiness
After the usual business session in
which plans for new work were made
Brother Nay spoke of the plans to
remodel the Christian Church and add
new Sunday School rooms. The class
voted unanimously to make their
pledge $4,000 for the three years cam
paign.
At the close Mrs. Dixon assisted by
her daughter Miss Ethel served a de-
licious sweet course.
There were IA members and 2 visi-
tors present in spite of the cold wealth.
er.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
BIRTHDAY DINNER

Certainly beautiful tribute to a
mother was paid this week by a loving
son and a number of kind hearted
friends when the 10Th birthday Of
Mrs. Smart, who is spending the win.
ter with her daughter Mrs. J. F. Sing.
Teton was made the occasion of
brief visit by her son H. c. Smart ant
his wife from New York, and wher
attentive members of .he Baptist con.
! gregation took it upon themselves tc
send in a most bountiful turkey din.
ner in her honor.
A large cake with candles was the
suggestive centre piece that none need
forget what nor why. Mrs. Smart
was taken very much by surprise and
the occasion was a most joyous one
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
B. Y. P. U. MEETING

The first regular meeting of the
newly organized B. Y. P. U. was held
on Tuesday night at the First Baptist
Church and was we'll attended, al
though one of the Unions was not re-
presented.
President Chester Strickland open
ed the meeting and after the devotional
exercises he gave review of the plan
of the organization, as developed from
the first meeting a week ago
Mr.. Herbert Bradshaw followed
with an interesting talk on the import
ance of che work and especially of the
united efforts.
Then brief business session was
held an committee on bylaws ap.
pointed, composed of Mr. Ernest Rags.
dale of Mt Olive, Mrs. E.A. Russell Of
First Baptist Church and the presi.
dent.
The best part of the evening was
the especially valuable talk given by
Rev. Feagins of Ocilla Baptist church
most welcome visitor.
He spoke on the theme Doing Our
Best" and elaborated on the three
points:
Zone Cannot do his Best by Proxy
Zone Living His Best Must Use
Intellect and Energy"
Zone Must Conserve His Spiritual
Resources"
Miss Ozella Bradshaw
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
TREASURES OFFICE TO BE
FILLED BY SPECIAL ELECTION

A special election will be called shortly
to fill the vacancy for treasurer of the
city, to which quite number of citi-
zens are aspiringIt is thought that
Mrs Mingledorff may be a candidate
in which event she may be elected
without much opposition, since the
new term of office of her husband be-
gan with this year.
Mrs. Mingledorff has frequently as
sisted her husband in his duties as
treasurer and is said to be quite famil-
lar with the work attached to it.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

The Episcopal Guild held their
monthly meeting at the home of Mrs.
5. B. Frink on Tuesday afternoon,
Mrs. G. w. Turner presiding at the
business session. A collection for
Mission work was taken and an infor-
NAL social hour much enjoyed during
which Mrs. Frink graciously served
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Miss leila Shaffer, of South Bend
Ind, arrived in the city this afternoon
to spend some time with relatives
Miss Shaffer has been absent from the
city nearly eight years and has many
friends here who are glad to see her
back. She was formerly employed by
the Leader Enterprise as compositor
which position Miss Shaffer held for
a number of years.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

q Miss Louise Smith has been invited
to Gray in Jones County to speak
on Saturday afternoon at mass meet
ing of the charity women who are
eager and ready to launch campaign
fIF library, which they want to be
Conducted on lines similar to Ben Hill
TiY(ss deservedly high compliment
botk 10 Our library and librarian. We
already know we have statewide
reputation in both respects, but such
a reminder is very gratifying.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Miss Bessie Smith of Atlanta accom-
panied by Miss Eva Hopkins were
guests Wednesday of Miss Charlotte
Louise Smith. They returned home
last night.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

A During the absence of Miss Louise
Smith on Friday and Saturday the
Library will be under the capable
- charge of Mrs. H. A. Mathis.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
PRESBYTERIAN LADIES'
AUXILIARY

The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Pres
byterian Church held their regular
meeting at the home of Mrs. U. S
Rhorer on Monday afternoon.
In the absence of Mrs. G. f. Kicker
who is the acting president, Mrs
Rhorer who is vice president had
charge. The meeting was a special
prayer service for foreign missions
and the program in which all had a
part was from the prepared lcaflet.
sent out by the Missionary Board
This plan of program has been founc
very valuable in all the missionary so.
cieties, as one receives at the RICH
time just such information as sht
wants and ought to know. A self-de.
NAL Offering was taken.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mr.. and Mrs. F. M. Bigham and
Mrs. Fox left last week for Mi
ami; Fla, where they expect to leave
their car and take the scenic railway
to Key West, where they will visit
Capt. Ernest Bigham and family.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mrs. L. A. Lewis, nee Miss Allie
Mayes has come from Dothan, Ala,
to pay her parents Mr.. and Mrs. +
H. Mays a visit.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mrs. "A. A. Pedneau of south Lee
street has her mother Mrs. w. S.
clark and sister Miss Cora Clark of
olarkton, N. c. making their home
with her.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

I'm afraid of marriage. l see what
it has given other girls who lived just
as l did before they were married.
Their security and comfort and time
and ease and independence are gone
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mr.. and Mrs. S. Tatel, who have
been visiting Mr. and Mrs. ]. Kasse-
witz for the past month leave Friday
for Griffin for a short visit with dr..
and Mrs. I. Goldenberg and then con-
tinue their journey to their home in
New York.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mrs. Perrucci of Knoxville, Tenn.
has been in the city for a few days
looking after her property interests.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mr.. Gillespie of South Carolina who
couldn't reach here in time met his
sister Mrs. Mingledorff at Abbevile
md gave her company to the last
sad rites in Springfield.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Mr.. and Mrs. Forrest Farmer an
nounce the birth of baby daughter
at their home on Merrinac drive on
Monday February 10th.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

Dr. and Mrs. J. A. Lester, the par
ents of Mrs Preston Seanor have
returned to their home in Fayetteville
after a weeks visit here.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

You can't get strong On weak,
flirnsv diet. Tone UP your stomach.
Eat. plenty of nourishing food and
build up YOUR system. Tanlac does it.
I. ]. Halle & Co. adv
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23
Observation-Disclosures

Mr.. and Mrs. H. M. Turner of Wal
do, Fla, spent the past week in the
city in the home of Mr.. G. w. Tur-
ner.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

DELLA Shoppers in town Monday
were Mrs. Gilbert Meeks and daugh-
ter Juanita and Mrs. C. R. Walker.
Fitzgerald leader enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, Ga.) 1921-1964, 1922-02-23

DIR. J. L. Mingledorff came from
Dublin, Ga, to be present at his
brothers funeral accompanying the
remains to Springfield, Ga, where the
mterment took place.