davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

In 1850, two boys, Henry and Clem
Studebaker left the family home in
Ashland, Ohio, and Travelled overland
to South Bend, Indiana, there to make
their fortune. For two years they
taught school and worked during
their spare time in a blacksmith shop
for SO cents per day, laying the foun-
dation, in doing so, for what was to
be their future calling.
In 1852 the brothers founded the
firm Of II. 4 G Studebaker, black
smithing and wagon building, with a
capital of $6S and two forges. Two
wagons were built the first year, one
of which was in constant use for 33
years thereafter.
About this time, John M. Stude-
baker, a younger brother, joined
them in South Bend and became in
terested in the firm. The gold rush
in California then having started
thousands of venturesome men west
ward in wagons, John determined to
go also, and wagon was built for
him which he traded to an expedi-
ton for his passage and board.
This wagon eventually arrived in
Placerville, California, in good con-
dition. Five months was required to
make the trip. In the meantime, the
firm back in South Bend was under
going a struggle for existence, so hard
were the times, and John returned,
after five years in California and
with $4,000 in his pocket to rehabili-
tate the firm. Later, Peter Stude-
baker, the fourth brother, Joined the
firm and became an important factor
in its management.
In 1853 the total assets OF which
the business consisted he'd a valu-
alton of $4,000. During the next 10
years the business had become so in
creased that the factory buildings
covered four acres of ground, 140
mechanics were employed, the pay
roll amounted to $500 per week and
the inventory was sufficient to build
5000 vehicles.
In January 1867, the business was
Of such bulk that 1t was incorporated,
the Studebaker Brothers Manufactur-
ing company being the new concern.
Jacob f. Studebaker joined the con-
cern at this time.
The growth of the Studebaker cor
poration was steady throughout the
following period and in 1897 the
worlds largest manufacturer of
horse drawn vehicles was expert
menting on the "horseless carriage"
In 1899 the concern was building
bodies for electric vehicles and in
1902 launched into the building of
electric runabouts and trucks, 20 of
which were sold in that year and a
total of 1S41 up to 1912, when electric
machines were abandoned by the
company.
In 1904. the Studebaker company
began building gasoline propelled
automobiles and during the next
seven years built and sold 2,481 pas
senger cars and trucks. Still grow
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

the parts makers from the working
out of this plan are as follows:
Pirate Parts will be eliminated
from the market. No dealer VIII
be forced hereafter to nullify the
guarantee on his car by selling IN
ferior parts made by other manu-
facturers than those who have made
the original unit in the car. That
dealers have had to sell such pirate
parts in the past because of inability
to secure the genuine parts is recog-
niZed by the part makers. Only gem
uine parts will thus be assured the
dealers.
The lowering of the prices Of parts
Is anticipated.
Protection for automobile and
truck manufacturers business and
and service where territories are
without representation.
The elimination of o heavy invest
ment by the dealer, thereby allowing
him to concentrate his working cap
ital into the promotion of sales. Is
ton of sales.
The guarantee OF genuine parts,
so that the dealer and owner can
feel safe in the purchase parts.
All parts will be trademarked by the
individual maker and will be a means
of Identification and guarantee.
That the plan is a great step
forward is the opinion OF many au-
tomobile manufacturers. 1t contains
so much merit that it is certain to
receive the enthusiastic support of
the car manufacturers and all parts
makers connected with the plan feel
assured Of it's immediate success. 1t
is the first undertaking of its kind
in the history Of the automotiYe in
dustry
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

, ing. the company effected an agree
ment with the Everett Metzger :
Flanders company of Detroit under
which it obtained the exclusive rights
for the sale Of Studebaker- NJ. +.
cars. Later acquiring substantial
holdings in the (. M. F. company, the
Studebakers in 1910 took over the
complete ownership of that concern.
Since that time great automobile
plants have been built by the Stude-
baker company at Detroit, Chicago
and Walkerville. Ontario, and with
the present great plant at South
Bend, Indiana, the present capacity
of the corporation is over 100000 au-
tomobiles annually.
During the 43 years that the Stude-
baker Brothers Manufacturing COM
pany operated as a corporation, it
built and sold over one million horse
drawn vehicles and large quantities
of harness, the total valuation OF the
output being $119, 9,249, 900.
Today there is not q city or town Of
any consequence which does not have
its dealer in Studebaker automobiles,
and the name Studebaker is known
all over the world.
The upper picture shows a carriage
used by General LaFayette during
his tour of the United States in
1S2f-1825, showing the types OF fine
vehicles used in those days.
In looking over the illustrated his
tory OF the Studebaker Corporation
the quaint types of vehicles built and
sold during the period OF the COM
panys existence may be seen and
studied. The various types of car
riages used in the early days, the
runabout built in 1902, panel delivery
in 1904, victoria -phaeton of 1908 and
coupe of 1912 are shown. The Stude-
baker Two of 1904 is an interesting
old machine as is the Studebaker
-Four" of 1908, which, together with
the Studebaker "30" of the same year
mark the beginning of the present
day automobile design. The 40" of
1910, Light Six of 1913, Light -Four
and Light Six Of 1918 and the Big
and Special Skies followed. Today
one may see the fine new models of
1922 which have just arrived.
1t is a far cry from the wonderful
new 1922 Studeballer to the old
timers turned out in 1902 and 1904.
Equipped with the latest devices for
comfort, speed, economy, efficiency
and power, together with beauty
that challenges the entire automo-
bile field of whatever price, the
Studebaker line today is one that is
destined to enjoy a popularity it has
never before known. Backed by
corporation with a present capital
investment of $70,000,000, 225 acres of
factory buildings. approximately
$4,000 workmen and with record Oh
over 100000 Studebaker cars pro-
duced and sold, valued at $4,000
600. the Studebaker occupies the po-
sition Of pioneer among a chosen very
few in the industry
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

That the year OF 1922 will be n
year of growth in the automobile in
dustry seems to be the opinion Of the
rank and file of the great manufac-
turers, who without exception, are
expressing their views Of the future
While it is easy for the ordinary
individual to misconstrue the mean
ing of the word growth" in this
case and consequently TO look for
immediate production on a large
scale, it may be CLEANED from the
views Of the leaders in the industry
that this is not the program. In 9TH
er words the job OF the automotive
industry during the year of 1922 will
be to expand and develop, to further
develop into a reality the visions that
have been given birth during 1921.
That there is much of this to be
done and that is vitally necessary is
the truest thing in the word today
Unstable raw material conditions and
prices, the labor market, finances and
capital, general economic conditions
and many other questions that need
working on and solving-these things
must absolutely be gone into before
any thought can be given to wide
production and marketing.
There must be completed the gen.
eral shaking down which is putting
and has already put the automobile
industry back on its feet. The eXpe-
rience that every manufacturer has
had during the years of 1920 and 1921
must now be utilized and creative
work based thereon. Already this has
taken hold and the results are to be
seen even now in better cars ana
better merchandising. Today the pub
- H..
before known in the history of the
automobile industry. To satisfy your
self, take a look over the 1922 models.
Better design, better materials, more
economy, the bogey of depreciation
anticipated. and real thought and
reason built into these cars-these
are the things that are characteriz-
ing the 1922 cars. And these things
are absolutely the result of the expe-
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

buying power Is felt on every hand
now in much more pronounced form
than IN thu months past.
The comments Of many other man
ufacturers are along the lines as
those above quoted, all looking for
ward to much better business and a
business that is much healthier.
More manufacturers are building
complete lines this year, thus en-
abling their dealers to maintain es-
tablishments without the need Of go
ing into the field for other types to
build up their selling lines. This in
itself will result in better merchan-
dising on the part Of dealers.
From the concentrated opinion Of
the rank and file of motor car man
ufactuTers, one may CLEAN that 1922
while not to be a bed of roses, win
nevertheless be free from the sharp
thorns which made their presence
forcibly known in 1921
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22
PRoun OE HIMsELE

A tale about Anthony Hope comes
from Australia which is too good to
be kept out OF print in America,
where the admirers of the author Of
"The Prisoner OF Zenda" are so many
The children of a school, asked. the
other day, to write something about
this famous British author. nearly all
paid him fine tributes, but one wrote:
'Mr. Anthony Hope discovered the
Cape Of Good Hope at the end Of
Africa and named 1t after himself
Kansas City Star.
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

In protest against the publication
Of the details Of revolving crimes IN
the newspapers, resolutions have
been adopted by the Mems Club OF
Wauwatosa, a suburb of Milkaukee.
The members Of the club base their
objection on the bad influence that
accounts Of this character have on
young persons and children, in The
grades and high schools, who prepare
topics on current events as part OF
their studies Cooperation of other
clubs and social organizations was
asked in an effort to induce the pub
fishers TO present the news in clean
er form.
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

Far back dim distant the blacksmith and builder
drought together produce the 0ehcle used IN the Ods andanSporta
ton Little did they realize that the oud Wen type of
c operating its oOd through the streets speed across
the continent and be at the beck and call Of modern From modest be-
ginning blacksmith shop the great Stbaker Corporation Of today has
taken the successive steps upard through the gears experimentation and
effort until today stands of the great automobile manufacturers
the U0rd
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22
Massa cb,Isetts ]

Massachusetts has n law which
enables a busy man to get excused
from jury duty. This law gives the
presiding justice the authority to
postpone, ain his discretion" the
whole or any part OF the time Of SER
wee OF q juror TO later day during
the same or subsequent court sitting.
Arizona republican., 1922-01-22

Five hundred thirty three vessels
including SO capital ships, have been
scrapped BY Great Britain since Tho
ArmistiCe
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
GET BETTER SIRE .EMBLEMs
Oldham County, Kentucky Live Stock
owners Given 46 Certificates -;
in One Day.

In one day recently the United
States Department of Agriculture is
sued 46 emblems of recognition to live
stock owners in Oldham county, KY,
who are now using purebred sires ex-
clusively for all classes 4of live stock
kept.
This county has eradicated scrub
sires from about half of the territory
in the county, according to a report re-
ceived from Wayland Rhoads, extern
sion specialist of the Kentucky Agri-
cultural college.
Wayne county, KY, likewise is ac-
tive in replacing scrub sires with good
purebreds. The department recently
issued "better-sires" emblems to "A
Wayne county stock owners. Bull
sales are being held by local breeders
in both counties to bring about a wider
distribution of good purebred bulls.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01

ments, the tuner, the crystal detectOr
and the telephone condenser. can be
mounted on a stained base of wood
say, eight inches square and one-halt
inch thick. This will keep the com.
pOnent parts of the set together, max.
ing a compact unit of the whole and
also be advantageous In that 1t will
hold the instruments while adjust
ments are being made.
The sketch shows how the instru'
ments are connected with each other
and to the ground. The condenser is
connected to one side of the tuner and
to the crystal detector. The ground
is connected to the other side Of the
phones and the condenser and the
tuner.
Lamp cord is excellent for come ct
ing up small radio sets of this kind
1t being good conductor, well insu
lated and easy to handle.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
PUT TREES ON WASTE SPOTS
Conditions Demand That All Land
Should Produce Something
Trees Are Favored.

Modern conditions demand that all
the wastes and leaks be eliminated,
and this means that all the land
should produce something. 1t is not
always possible to make every portion
of the farm area yield annual crops,
but in such cases one may wisely and
profitably try trees. If one-twentieth
Of each farm tract were set aside for
forestry, in time there would be tim
Der to spare.
A great many cliffs and hillsides
along our many rivers and streams
are fit for little else, and hill land
that is very stony may be planted to
post-timber trees with much profit.
Black locust and catalpa are the most
profitable for posts, the locust being
given the preference on account Of
its manner Of growth being smoother
and the quality of timber the very
best.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
BEST seed PEAS
ARE PROFITABLE
Introduction of Undesirable Prod
uCt Might Ruin Entire Out
put of Factory.
ALASKA VARIETY VERY RISKY
All Plants Must Ripen Uniformly and
All Pods Must Be in usable Con-
dition at One Time-other
Canning Crops.

prepared by the United States Department
OF Agricultural
Mixed or impure stock, under mod
ern methods of harvesting and han
ding the pea crop for canning may
result in the Introduction OF undesir-
able seed which may ruin the entire
output of a canning factory, says the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. The Gamer should buy direct
from the seed-growing scotsman rath-
er than from jobber. Particularly
in the case of smooth Alaska peas,
which furnish 50 per cent of the
canned peas on the market, there is
risk taken if a Gamer buys seed the
history Of which cannot be traced.
The Gamer is in a much safer position
If he buys only from seed growers
who control their own stocks. =.
Must Be Productive.
To be a good canning pea, a variety
must, first of all, be productive; all
plants must ripen uniformly; all pods
on individual plants must be in disable
condition at one time-that is, none
must be too ripe or too immature; the
peas must remain green after process
ing. The Introduction of the viner,
which eliminates Manipulating of the
pods, has had decided influence on
the varieties Of peas used for can
ming.
The return on a planting of peas
for seed is far less than that on either
corn or tomatoes, two other impOr-
tant canning crops, and the utmost
care is necessary throughout the
growth of the seed crop to discover
and weed out undesirable types Of vol
unteer plants or those due to ware
house mixture so as to keep the stock
uniform. The scotsman sOws about
three bushels of peas per acre, getting
a return of 10 bushels. Three of these
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01

must be kept for stock seed, leaving
II bushels to sell. The eastern grow
er for the cannery plants four or five
bushels to the acre. so that the aver
age seedsman's acre of peas supplies
about three acres for the cannery.
An acre of corn yielding 40 bash
els would provide seed for 100 acres
of canning crops, and an acre Of toma-
toes yielding 100 pounds of seed would
plant 1000 acres in canned crops
With this small relative return per
acre, the scotsman must take every
precautiOn to maintain the purity of
his stock, or he may run the risk of
very heavy losses if he loses his repu-
tation for good seed. 1t is safest for
the seed-growing scotsman not to pur-
chase seed, especially Of the Alaska
variety, in which impurities cannot be
detected in the samples, unless he con-
trolls the original stock.
A new farmers bulletin, No. 1858,
"Seed Peas for the Gamer" By D. N.
Shoemaker, horticulturist, has been is
sued by the United States Department
OF Agriculture and may be obtained
upon application to the department at
Washington, D. c.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
VAGARIES OF VACUUM TUBES
Peculiar Actions That Always Astonish
and Sometimes Brighten the
Amateur Radioist.

Everybody who has had anything to
do with vacuum tubes has from time
to time had them do unexpected things
and give results tnat at the moment
seem beyond explanation.
The explanation of several charac-
terstics of these miniature giants
which are met with in daily operation
is sure to prove Of great interest to
the amateur In cases where the ac-
tons Of the tube are not understood
these peculiaritieS have sometimes
frightened people,
one instance Of a newborn fans
fright was brought to attention in a
letter of inquiry. The instrument had
just been set up and was being oper-
ated for the first time The tubes had
been firmly adjusted and were just at
the splitting point al.d-over they went,
giving vent to the most unearthly
sounds. The embryo enthusiast who
looked upon the aldiOn tube as an
electric light, thought it was going to
explode. lie jumped away from the
instrument and out OF the room, and
did not venture near it for several
hours, and then only after reaching
round the corner of the door with a
long stick and pulling the battery
switch off.
Similar instances have come to at
tentIOn when bulbs generate vari-col-
Ored vapors in the vacuum chamber
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
SHEEP DESTROY MANY WEEDS
Animals Devour Noxious Plants in
Pastures, Grain Fields and
Clear Fence Rows.

Sheep eat more weeds than any
other class of live stock, except goats.
Sheep will eat ninety per cent of all
troublesome weeds. They will destroy
weeds in pastures, in grain fields and
corn fields after harvesting, and clear
the fence rows. However, sheep are
not such scavengers that they can
thrive on refuse and weeds alone. In
order to get sheep to eat leaves on
shrubs, the tenderer grysses must be
scarce. Goats are bettN adapted to
clearing brush land than are sheep.
Some farmers consider sheep neces-
sary just as a means of controlling
weeds.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
INITIAL SEASON OF CLOVER
1t May Be Pastured From Middle to
Close, but Not Too Close-Cure
Hay in Shock

The growth produced the first sea-
son by sweet clover is similar in
quality to alfalfa. 1t may be pastured
from the middle of the season to the
close, but should not be pastured so
close as to injure the plants. The
growth the second season is much
cut before it reaches a height of 80
inches. A high stubble should be left
as the second growth starts from buds
on the cut-over stems. If cut too
close to the ground, no second growth
will be produced. The hay should be
cured in the windrOw or shock to pre-
vent the loss of leaves and too rapid
curing.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01

just the detector by changing the
point at which the spring and crys.
tai of the detector make contact until
when nearby electric light is snapped
on and off, a click is heard in
the head phones. The detector Is now
adjusted on sensitive; spot on! the
crystal. BY changing fhe SLIDER p0-
sition, the transmitting station should
be picked up. 81: =
After a station is once picked up
1t is an easy matter to adjust the de.
tector and slider position until maxi
mum response is obtained in the tel
ephone receiver With a simple set
of the kind described Ia this and pre-
ceding articles and q little practice
one soon becomes adept at picking up
given station. The entertainment
derived from listenina'in is usually
well worth the time spent and the
money invested
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01

tanning the crystal of silicon or gale
ma on the strip of metal and allowing
the spring to make contact with the
surface Of the crystal the detector is
complete and ready for operation.
A complete crystal detector can be
purchased from 70 cents to 81, de-
pending upon the type.
Two other pieces Of apparatus are
necessary that cannot be readily con-
structed-they are the telephone con-
denser and the receivers. A tele-
phone condenser to be used in shunt-
ing across the phones can be pur-
chased for about 90 cents.
For use with a radio receiver of
this type it is recommended that a
pair Of 3,000-Ohm, Murdoch type, No.
Sc receivers, costing Sc, be purchased.
These are all the necessary parts
needed for the complete receiver.
If it is desired, the three instru-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
:;:i =. Putnam Fadeess Dyes Ice To-! F
Strain Was Too Great.

"a newspaper paragrapher was car
ried off to a sanitarium the other day
complete wreck"
"Overwork?"
"You might call it that. He made
solemn vow to go a week without
writing a paragraph about Lloyd
George, Lenin and Trotzky or any one
Of the reigning movie stars. TT the
end of the fourth day he broke down
and wept like a child."-Birmingham
Age-Herald.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
TIPS TO THE RADIolST

Fired % caliber rifle shells
make good switch points for tun-
ing coils and receiving trans
formers.
A single wire aerial 100 to
$50 feet long is sufficient for
local and long distance reception
of brOadcasting stations.
Do not string acrials across
the street or across electric
wires. Keep antenna wires off
electric light and telephone
poles.
Stranded copper or solid cop
per wire should be used. PhOs-
phOr bronze wire if obtainable
is stronger but not superior to
copper.
Good contact with a piece Of
mineral like galena can be had
by wrapping it in tinfoil. OF
course, the top of the crystal
is left exposed.
The brass ends of large car
fridge shells make splendid
crystal detector cups. They
should be cleaned out thoroughly
before they are used.
The winding of cardboard
tubes from oatmeal boxes may
be improved greatly If the tube
Is first heated in an oven for
about 10 minutes to take out
the moisture and then wound;
or better still shellac 1t while
it Is still warm and leave 1t
to soak in.
In winding tuning coils with
bare wire q thread should be
wound on with the wire. This
will separate each turn. When
the coil is finished the thread
can be taken off. Shellac should
be applied Immediately. When
the shellac is dry the copper
wire will hold its place.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1922-06-01
To Help Working Children.

Weekly clinics, designed to bring
WORKING children up to higher stand
ard of health and physical develop
ment have been established by group
IF. women members of the First Uni
.arian church, Baltimore, in the par
Ssh house of the church. The work
has the Endorsement of the state board
If labor and statistics, to which the
children apply for their work permits