The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1922-09-21

Is being done ut the request ~ Charles
n Burke. United States commissioner
" Indian affairs, and Will cover one
year.
MIR Burke. having In view the I'M
proyemcnt 81 health conditions among
the Indians and " demonstration Of or
ganizcd service among the various
tribes to prove whether II IL possible
tn instruct Indian mothers particularly
In health methods. urgently requested
that the Red Cross assign trained per
sonncl to the task
II nm very sulicitous To get into
the Indian service some young women
trained for welfare work" said Mr..
Burke. VI know what the American
Red Cross has done In encouraging
the counties In the various states To
employ county nurses. ] aIn sure "
We have some cooperative assistance
II will show that II IL possible great
IL ~ improve health conditions On the
rcscr, ntions"
Great Value Of Geophone.
As the result ~ experiments made
by the bureau of mines. the groph"he,
n novel instrument used amid thes
rrck aud slaughter Of the World
war for the detection ~ enrth
aud rock sounds made In the con-
structiun OF military mines and tun-
ncls. promises to become un active
factor In the saving II the lives OF
miners entombed us the result Of fires
and explosions. In the course of tests
conducted In the bureaus expert
mental coal mine near Pittsburgh.
blows with n sledge on the coal face
were heard, 10y means Of the geophone.
at u distance of go feet. with various
rooms and entries intervening.
ON suspended pipe tine, nght
hammering with the knuckles was tie
trcied at n distance of go feet Or
binary talking and singing could be
detected through 40 feet ~ solid
coal By the use ~ two geophones,
one instrument To- each ear. II Is pos
sihlr to determine the direction from
which n sound II coming through the
earth, and thus to locate the approx
mate position 1T an rntombed miner.
The bureau gives recommendations
for n signal code ~ poundings by
slcdeas or other means which viii IS
tablish communication between the
r.sculng party and those cntombed.
Another promising use Of the geo
phone II In the location OF leaks In
water pipes. By means u the instru-
ment is l. possible ~ hear water cir
cuintlng in the pipes ~ ordinary city
mains situated ~ To ~ feet below the
surface. Tests conducted at busy
corner In the downtown district Of
Pittsburgh located a leak In water
main which the water company had
for two weeks vninly sought TO de-
tect.
It's q Small Seisrpoorsph.
The mine grophone Is sensitive. yet
extremely simple and easily portable.
The instrument WAS invented by the
French during the war To detect sap
ping and underground mining opera
lions IL was developed by the United
States engineers, and the Instruments
now used by the bureau ~ mines were
made according 10 plans drawn by
them. except for the Introduction of
different dlaphrngms. The geophone IL
essentially small seismograph. as II
emhodies the same principles as the
pondrrous apparatus that records
earthquake trcmors. II really consists
of lead weight suspended between
two electric diaphragms cutting across
small air-tight box II the lnstru-
ment Is placed "n the ground AMI any
one l. pounding or digging In the VI
entity. energy IL transmitted NJ wave
motion To the enrfh. and the earth
waves shake the geophone ease. The
geophone therefore. transforms the
earth wave Into an air wave. which IL
heard by the ear ms sound, and M the
same time magnifes the wave So that
the sound II louder than II the ears
We're placed In direct contact with the
earth.
The observations of the bureau Of
mines Indicate that the geophone
should be- quite useful In the location
Of mine fires Usually n mine fire
makes enough noise. .lther hy draw
Ing mir or by breaking OF slate and
coal Ia h. heard for Ia considerable
distance through the coal and even
through ID" strata above The dis
lance that these sounds can he heard
depends n great deal on the nature
of the strata above the mine IT the
sounds originating AT mine fire
should be detected through lpr To 300
feet of cover and through $40 10 no
feet Of coal
telephones supply quick and fairly
accurate method of mine surveying.
II two tunnels were being brought to-
gethcr from any direction, the prog
ress Of the tunnels could be observed
by means of the geophones, and their
relative positions determined.
Another application Of the possiblll-
ties of the instrum mt In mine sur
viewing Is In the prevention of accI-