davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25
LAW SELECTS MEMBERS
OF hls CABINET

tondoa. OF s5-Premier boAA,
law Ia. .ssued : hft q the pr'n''pa'
members Of his ministry. his own
name no, mentioned 20 the OF ei'i
p.. which leaves i . be inief'e'
49, ~ takes no other oiilce 'han
,h., q, prime minister end first io'a
=, he treasury. the latter ee ~ a
rsst without specified duties le'ono
nose attaching 70 the premiership
Marquis Carron retains his rost a.
secretary f,r foreign affairs and y u
Re leader o. the house o. l'fds VIC
count Pee! retains the Indian secre-
,aryship. stanley Baldwin. a. ex-
per.es. goes 70 The eKcheQuer, bot u
IA. no, Jet been announced whether
he via be leader IN the house q CON
mons
Trsuhle With law Offices
TIE Ear cf Der5y. a. the var Of
foe resumes e post which be had held
before The prime minister had the
greatest d.fIcuity with the lsv o.
fees Il i uoticsabse fkat Lord Ca--
-oa's narse dec rot appear IN the rev
ministry. yiscounf Cave becoming
lord high chancellor
The attorney general. D,uglas Nc
Garei HoEg. is new 10 bis office. BE-
vas formerly closely assoc. .ated with
Lord CurIon His wife is the dsagh-
ter of Judge Trimbie Brown q Nash
vile Tenn and widow q the Honor
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25
Oper the Wire

Mhto Plains. NY supreme 'oufi
tHsticr Nurehauser awarded John u
Mack guardian ~ nahy Guy hilil
man. s.teNo inr BIZ services ia iee
feHdluR the infant against tho charge
Of llleEitlmacY hfoufhi hY 1ames A
AiillmAn Referee Gleason. aha
heard tho evidence ia the hilllman
divorce case was awarded $4,000.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25

Ssw Orleans. Oct zs.-Tonight and
Tasrsdzy parity cion6y and colder.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25
Teachers
Jailed For
Con-, flpt

m4 |
oar hi|
and oui
hoard ha1
talay fol
Anoth |
aklnw hl |
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25
So. osaar, a 9. .. 2

Specific cals,s wsr not made hy
Seaaior Welsh
~Nhen he consider the senatorial
shaiion. said senator walsh we
must bear 10 mlna shat the terms q
sghi democratic stnaiors expire 20
stat,s an o. waieh ven repubAcan IN
isN and only two Of whieh. Arizona
snd Montana. would b. elssfed a.
democratic states under normal pole
teal conditions Yet II "a my opin
ion that he number ~ democratc
senators from ihe wesi vii b. mere
rather than less than eigh This
d9ss nos mean that All seeking re-
el,ciion wil suroiy be returned II
ihat happens 81 viii be phenomenal.
VT q j. ikely 10 happen bui demo
cratic senators vlll De- elected from
states noW represented hy reruhli-
cans
Senator wuish said the perry
wou'd make substantial gains and
dlssppo'n msnt q republican ana in
depeadsnt voters with me national
and local republican adm'nislra-
tons" add thar the national re-
publican adminlsira ion VAS de
cdsdh unpopular" ana that tho
people tslt thar q was drifting,
trusting 10 faie and chance. withou;
any dirfc, ylgorus. enurag ous
lead rshin"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25

%Of course the tarn. i4Xailon.
NeN'btrrgsfm and honus are every
where hsIrK discussed. ne SAID.
-bnt IN mg onlnign. the real Issue ia
the repub,lcin admin stra ion
"The republicans appear 20 have
plenty q money hut IBIS j. not
year when money Influences ne
voters are angry. determined and
their opinions are already faea
They are waiting FOR their day Mo-
yembsr Z and you can count upon
a decided vote of condemnation or
pro'es'. whichever yoa desire 70 can
uH
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25

ChloaFo Allen y Abort demo.
cratic candidate al large far conFfess
and REGARDED a. dry" criticised
the onll-aaloou leaFue for lta refusal
90 recognise the legal rights ~ ne
weta 10 seeking 4 referendum on toe
lHht vine aud beer settlement
Oe=eaaeaaaeesA eaassseass=as.assso
nes Molnos Edward Oillentie. ue-
rro. was acquitted uf the murder ~
William johnson. former Western
and major league baseball player
tiaasa.a.aaN N.sa..asssasasn
Chicago Declaring ihcf wefc fore
"a into debt by prohibition. officials
of tho town ~ Gross Point ~ offered
the city hail Tor sale Before PROFIT
hlllon The town had "a anloQnH
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25


hltaro
eaEu henl
former nent
paH hr
contempt
board tneml
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-10-25

lcontinued on Page -
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
Kansas and Oklahoma
Only TlDo States Giuir,g
Majority for VoLstead
Literary Digest Vote Shows That Kansas Still Maintains
Her Stand Against Booze-For Enforcement, SASS
Votes; Modification, ALSO and Repeal, 1907

sippi. Oklahoma (majority), Texas,
West Virginia. North Carolina. South
Carolina, Georgia, Colorado, Washing
ton and New Mexico-25.
No state cast a majority vote for
repeal. Only one-Maryland-ca a
plurality vote for repeal-that is, more
votes for repeal than for either en-
forcement or modification. One state
-Nevada-cast a majority vote for
modification.
The states casting plurality vote
for modification were: New Ham
shire, Massachusetts,, Rhode Island,
Connecticut. New York. New Jersey,
Illinois, Arizona. Utah, Nevada Una
jority), Oregon. California. Wisconsin,
Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana
Idaho. wyoming, Louisiana Delaware,
Virginia and Florida-22.
The District OF Columbia went wet
that is. for modification.
The total vote cast to date, 7S7, ATS;
for enforcement, 302,515; for modifi-
cation S22.32S; for repeal. 1852.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
LIKE KANSAS LAW
Uniform State Law Commission
Recommends /. C. Act.
Governor Allen Informed To-
day of Recent Decision.

The commission on uniform state
laws-representing the American Bar
association-will unanimously recon-
mend that states adopt measures SIM
liar to the Kansas industrial court act.
That was the information received to-
day by Governor Allen following the
recent meeting of the bar association
in San Francisco.
Lawyers attending the Frisco meet
ing spent much time discussing the
Kansas labor court act. Kansas at
torneys who attended the meeting
were under a fire of questions regard
ing operations of the enactment. In
terest was particularly keen in view
OF the railroad shop and coal mine
strikes.
The commission on uniform state
laws is composed of prominent attor-
neyS from the various states. In their
annual report they discuss features of
new state legislation and make recon-
mendations regarding enactments
which are desirable or undesirable
The committee is reported to have
unanimously endorsed the Kansas law
and will include this recommendation
in their annual report.
Three members of the committee on
uniform state laws are Kansans and
attended the San Francisco conven-
ton. They included Earle w. Evans,
Wichita; Fred Dumont Smith, Hutch
inson, and Chester I. Long, Wichita.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
KneuO 1T All the Time,
Says Kendrick S Mother
Tried Keep Trio Apart She Says, Because Throwing
Rod and Edith Together Was Like Setting Match to
Dynamite If They Marry, She Declares She Viii
Have Keep Them Both.

throwing Rod and Edith together in
such close quarters was just like set
ting a match to dynamite.
Il went to the Wakefield home and
pleaded again and again
They all three laughed me to
scorn. was determined that little
June, my granddaughter. should not
stay there, so took her away;
brought her here to this little cot
tage."
Tears as She Talked.
Mrs. Kendrick occasionally wiped
away a tear as she talked.
Nellie was the first one to tell me
that she had been offered 800 a
month to release Rod-to get a di-
vorce," she continued. at was horri-
fled and told them all So After I
thought it over, I concluded that 1t
had to come, the divorce, sooner or
iater."
Mrs. Kendrick told of the marriage
of Nellie and Rod. the birth of their
child and Ne1lie's Illness
Rod and I did the best we could.
love. Nellie and Rod realized their
mistake in marrying too late.
Nellie grew worse. Rod sent her
to a sanitarium.
He rented an old shack back of
the Hotel Oakland and fitted up a
studio where he lived. Every cent
that boy made went to take care of
Nellie in the sanitarium at Ross
After ali, a mother is only human,
and I could see the tragedy for them.
Then Rod began to drift The burden
was too great for him. I helped them
all I could
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24

Kansans will be interested in know
ing that of the votes in the forty-eight
states and the District of Columbia
cast to date in the Literary Digest's
prohibition poll. Kansas and Okla
homa are the only states giving a
majority in favor of the enforcement
of the Eighteenth amendment and
the Volstead act.
Twenty-four states gave more
votes for enforcement than for modi-
fication OF the law, or for its repeal.
but only two-Kansas and Oklahoma
gave more votes for enforcement
than were given for both modification
and repeal. The Kansas vote stood:
For enforcement, S.45S; for modifica-
ton, 4,1S0; for repeal 1907. The
states casting a plurality for enforce
ment were: Maine, Vermont, Pennsyl-
vania, Ohio. Indiana, Michigan, Iowa,
Missouri, South Dakota. Nebraska,
Kansas (n1ajority). Arkansas. Ken
lucky. Tennessee. Alabama, Missis-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
MAKE A LAW TEST HACKED TO PIECES
Try COnfiScatiOn of Motor Car
Carrying Liquor.
Columbus Attorney Here APP
plies for Writ of Error.

The state law providing for confis-
cation of motor cars seized by the
state when used in illegal Transports
ton of liquor is to be tested before the
United States supreme court. G. A.
MCNEIL of Columbus, was in Topeka
today to apply for writ of error from
the state supreme court which would
permit appeal to the higher tribunal.
Mcneil is attorney for alleged own
ers OF the car. r. L. Stephens who
was driving the machine, was con-
victed under the state bone dry law.
The car was then confiscated and sold
by the state to pay expense of prose-
cution-
Owners of the car interviewed in the
case in an effort to secure release of
the automobile The court denied
their application altho they asserted
that stephens was not acting as their
agent and had no authority to haul
liquor in the car. The case was af-
firmed on appeal to the state supreme
court. and application for rehearing
was recently denied. The owners of
the machine will now test validity of
the state law in the United States SUI
preme court.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
DON'T. SQUEEZE BLACK
HEADS-DISSOLVE Them

Squeezing and pinching out blaekheads
make the pores large and cause irritation
then, too, after they have become hard you
cannot get all of them out. Blackheads are
caused by accumulations Of dust and dirt
and secretions from the skin and there
is only one safe and sure way and one that
never fails to get rid OF them-a simple
get from any drug store about two ounces
of calonite powder-sprinkle a little on a
briskly for few seconds-wash off and
you'll be surprised to see that every
blackhead has disappeared, and the skin
will be soft and the pores in their natural
condition-anyone troubled with these I'M
slightly b1emishes should try this simple
Observation-Disclosures
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24

Oakland, Cal, Aug. Aft Rod
marries Mrs. Wakefield. I'll have them
both to keep. They are both ire
sponsibIe. Neither of them have ever
grown up
1t was Mrs. Rodney Kendrick, ST..
speaking. mother of the man for
whose love two women are waging a
battle as primitive as life itself
One, Mrs. Nellie Kendrick. has legal
claim to the mamie is her husband,
father of her 14-months'-old child.
The other. Mrs. Edith Huntington
Spreckels Wakefield, holds that her
claim is the greater. Rod loves me
and I love him." is her candid. an
nouncement-
Then there is the mother-Mrs.
Kendrick, Sr.
Laughed at Her.
II have pleaded. ragged. stormed
with these children for the past two
months, but all to no avail. Nothing
could stop them in their mad infatua-
ton. Rod wouldn't listen-Edith just
laughed my fears to scorn and Nellie
assured me / was a fool-that every
thing was all right" Mrs Kendrick
continued. Il pleaded with Nellie
not to go to the Wakefield home. but
she would go. Why. mother. how
silly you are getting to be- she would
say when I pleaded with her not to
go to Sausalito as a guest of Mrs.
Wakefield. The affection between
Edith and Rod is the most beautiful
thing in the world. It's pure and
clean above the sordidness of life!' So
they went.
But I knew life. I knew that
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24

man, and Marvin C. Percival, 81. gar
age man, were arrested about 10
o'clock Wednesday night by Officer
Bert Richards on a charge of fighting.
They are said to have staged a fierce
fistic combat on Kansas avenue bet
tween Fifth street and Sixth avenue.
Burglars who entered the Topeka
Laundry company's plant Wednesday
evening, stole a suit of clothes and q
few other articles of wearing apparel,
according to report TO the police.
Albert Hutchinson, negro, living at
1901 Chandler street, suffered a dis
located ankle Wednesday afternoon
when he was struck by a Ford sedan
said to have been driven by Mrs. A. C.
Gerthen, CT North Topeka The acct
dent occurred at Kious street and
North KanaaR aYenue
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
Police Believe Man Was Killed
by Demented Woman.
Body Found With Head and
Back Cut Into Ribbons.

Philadelphia, Aug. 24.-Detectives
today were working on one Of the
most gruesone murders ever encoun-
tered here in recent years. following
the discovery of the body OF John
Buckley, 81. in a marsh near Gerard
Point on the Delaware river. covered
with knife wounds. Mrs. Elizabeth
Sabott. occupant of a boathouse in the
vicinity. believed to be demented. is
under arrest as a suspect
According to Mrs. Leontina Agas,
who occupies another boathouse, she
was on her way along, the Penrose
ferry road near Mrs. Sabott's boat
house late last night when she heard
agonized groans. then the voice of a
woman shrieking ''go away-away
from my house"
Instead. Mrs. Agas said, she walked
nearer to the Sabott boathouse and
Shes stabbing me, won't some one
help me?''
At the same time. two dogs kept
by e neighbor. howled dismally. Mrs.
awakened him. and telephoned the
police even as the delirious shrieks
from the other boathouse rose higher
and higher while the groans increased
and then died away.
Face Buried in Mud.
The police on arrival at once
searched the neighborhood with flash
lights and discovered the body of
Buckley lying in the mud of the
marsh, covered with mosquitoes, the
head and back literally slashed to rib
bons. The dead mans face was buried
in the mud, and it is believed the hor-
rors of ,suffocation were added to his
last moments.
Detectives N the meantime went to
the Sabott boathouse, where they were
forced to break down the door as the
woman had piled furniture against it.
AS they entered she shrieked and
strove to hide a bloody knife in her
bed. When caught in the act, she
laughed wildly and cried out:
Yes, it's mine and it's all bloody
its blood, tell you
Investigation among the neighboTs
revealed that Mrs. Sabott had been
seen on the banks of the Delaware
dancing to and fro in a tattered gar
ment waving the same knife yester-
day afternoon, making weird stabs
and passes as tho at imaginary foes,
and screaming hoarsely.
What motive lies behind the mid
night tragedy of the marsh is now oc-
cupying the attention of the police.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
TO APPOINT DAVID C. BEATTlE
EpiscopaIian Canon on State Sunday
School Board.


Announcement will be made of the
appointment of Canon David c. Beat
tie, of the Episcopal church, to mem
bership on the executive board of the
Kansas State Sunday School associa-
ton at a meeting of the board of trus-
tees in the offices of the association,
Aetna building, this evening. Beattie
will be appointed to fill the position
of Bishop Robert Mize, of Salina, who
recently resigned
The trustees will complete the
budget of the association for the en-
suing year and make plans for the
meeting of the executive committee
in Topeka in January. The trustees,
who will attend the meeting are: AL
bert Thomson, Hutchinson; w. A.
Brandenburg. Pittsburg; E. Z. Potter,
Sterling; the Rev. c. L. Hovgard, Abb
lene: the Rev. Charles F. Mathews.
Topeka; James H. Little, Lacrosse;
Ralph n. McEntire, Topeka; D. o.
Coe, Topeka; W. W. Bowman, To
peka; J. J. Yoder, Mcpherson: NJ. r.
Gobel, Holton; H. P. Armstrong,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
AT AND A. NJ. TO TOPEKA
Annual Meet of Dist. No. 21 VIII Be
Held Here Oct. 3.

The annual meeting eff District No.
81 OF the Grand lodge of Kansas, A
+. and A. NJ. will be held in Topeka,
October 8, according to an announce
ment made today by Albert x Wilson,
Krand secretary. Samuel Alexander.
of Topeka, district deputy, will be i'll
charge. The lodges to be represented
1t the meeting will be: Topeka lodge
No. II. Orient lodge No. 81, Siloa nj
lodge No. 225. Auburn lodge No. 81,
Dover lodge No. 1SS. Wakarusa lodge
No. 400 and Maple Hill lodge No $40
The meeting will consist of instruction
trsthe degrees under the supervision
SfHaryey o. Davis. of Anthony, grand
lecturer. There will be an address by
n member of the grand lodge. At
tendance of the officers of the lodges
n the district is obligatory.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
METHODIST CONFERENCE CLOSE:
More Than 1900 Persons Attend Meet
at MiItonvaIe, Kan.

More than 1900 persons attended
the closing session OF the fifty-second
annual meeting of the Kansas con-
ference of the Wesleyan Methodist
church. held last Sunday night at Mil
tcnvale, Kan. Among the prominent
speakers at the conference were:
President H. w. Mcdowell of Milton
vale college; the Rev. F. A. Butter
field of Syracuse, N. Y. editor of she
Wesleyan Methodist; the Rev. F. G.
Hill of Miltonvale college and the Rev.
]. NJ. Hames of South Carolina. In
an address before the conference
President Mcdowell declared that
Miltonvale college was not built for
super-apes, but for the training of
men and women who were divinely
created and who held a divine COM
mission to render service to their fell
low men,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
LOCAL AIR BOARD
Organization of This Sort Is
Planned for Topeka.
TO Be Taken Up at Next Round
Table Meeting.
NATIONAL AERO ASSOCIATION
lew Body Is Being Formed
ThruOut. the Country.
Mir Meet in Topeka Is Planned
for October.

At the next meeting OF the Civic
Aub Round Table. made up Of the
iresidents and secretaries of the Civic
tubs of Topeka, the question of the
= establishment of 9 local air board will
brought up.
eronautics is on the increase thruout
he United States as well as in Topeka.
The National Aero association is be-
ng organized to take over the activi-
aes Of the Aero Club of America. The
lllan OF its organization is national in
cope. Its districts will be the same
~ the districts of the United States
Srmy organization in the United States.
Topeka. which is in the Seventh
Corps area of the army, is in the Sew
bnth district of the new national as
Notation. The district headquarters
u the association are located at Sioux
=Aty. Ia
Local Boards Everywhere.
Local boards in the cities within the
districts are being organized turnout
NE country, with representatives from
he civic clubs, the municipal govern
Eents. and the American Legion,
gerving on them. The purpose of the
local boards is to stimulate interest
aSHd forward the development of the
commercial side Of flying.
Letters have already been sent to
The presidents and secretaries of the
various civic societies of Topeka, to
the city government and to the Amer
lean Legion, asking for cooperation
IL the formation of the local board.
Letters have been received by W.
D. Wallace, of the Longren Aircraft
corporation. from Col. Harold E.
Hartney, secretary of the old Aero
Club of America and secretary pro
tenn of the new National Aero associa-
ton, promising the cooperation of
that body in the plans for the air meet
which is contemplated for Topeka
during the latter part of October.
No ''Stunt Flying"
u.AIaj r. W. Schroeder, manager of
similar air meets thruout the country,
may manage the Topeka meet. If he
does, 1t will be with the express stipu-
1ation that there shall be no stunt
flying or wing walking, plane chang
ing or anything of that sort.
The detriment to aviation thru the
failure of these stunts, and the very
small advantage to science If they
are successful, make them not worth
WHILE Major Schroeder said in let
ter received By Wallace this morning.
The whole object of the meet which
the safety and the commercial pos
sibilities Of the navigation of the air,
rather than to exploit the daredevil
capabilities OF a few performers, Wal
lace points out
Both Mator Schroeder and Colonel
Hartney have assured Wallace that it
will be possible to obtain army and
navy planes for the meet, and that
II il be held. it will mean a step to-
ward the esta blishment of a squadron
of the Reserve Air Force in Topeka.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
Easiest Way to Remove
Ugly Hairy Growths
(Beauty Culture)

Here Is a method for removing hair
from arms, neck or face that In unfail-
ing and is quite inexpensive: Mix a
thick paste with some powdered della
tone and water and spread on hairy
surface. After or minutes, rub II
off, wash the skin and every trace of
hair has vanished. No harm or incon-
venience results from this treatment,
but be careful to get genuine delatone
and mix fresh as wanted.-Adv-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
Are You Fat2
Just Try This

Thousands of overfat people have be-
come slim by following the advice of doc
tors who recommend Marmola prescription
Tablets, those harmless little fat redueeIs
mola Prescription. II too fat. don't walt
go now to your druggist and for one DOL
lar, which is the price the world over. pro-
you can secure them direct by sending
price to the Marmola Co, 1872 WOODWARD
Ave Detroit Mich. They reduce steadily
and easily without dresome exercise or
starvation diet and leave no unpleasant
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
MISSOURI CONVENTION MOBILES
Docs n fright About'' on Proposed
- Constitutional Amendments.

Jefferson City. Aug. 24.-The Mis-
souri constitutional convention today
adopted an amendment to a commit :
tee report, providing for sessions of
the legislature only once in four years,
bur quickly recOnsidered its action
and defeated the proposition.
While the convention was in COM
raittee of the whole, William T. john
son of Kansas City offered the amend
1nent, and it was adopted, "a to B. a
motion 10 reconsider was followed by
an hour of argument on the length OF
legislative sessions, and when the new
vote was taken it was adverse, 10
TO As.
An amendment to the amendment,
providing for legislative sessions each
four years. with a 15-day session ev-
cry second year for making appro-
priations and confirming executive APP
pointments, lost AS to IA.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
RnndIts Capture a Town.

Shanghai. Aug. 24.-Bandits have
captured Shan Chow, in west Honan
province. Two Foreigners French
man and a Greek, engineers of the
Lung Hal railroad-were taken pris-
ners. according to advices received
here and are being held for ransom.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-08-24
SHIP SUBSIDY BILL WAITS

Won't Jeopart1ize Success Under Pres
ent Circumstances, Says Harding.
Washington, d. c. Aug. "a
President Harding will not press for
immediate consideration by congress
of the administration ship subsidy bill,
believing that it would be better to
postpone action until I'VE can rivet
the attention of congress with full
attendance" rather than "jeopardize
it's success by consideration under
the present circumstances