The Neshoba Democrat., 1922-03-09
SOME ASPECTS OF FARMERS PROBLEMS
BY BERNARD NJ BARUCH
(Reprinted from Atlantic Monthly

Clayton Antitrust Act, which pur-
ported to permit them to combine with
immunity, under certain conditions.
Admitting that, nominally, this ex-
emption was In the nature of special
privilege, though think 1t was so In
appearance rather than in fact,-we
f1nd that the courts have nullified II
by judicial Interpretation. Why should
not the farmers be permitted to ac-
complish by cooperative methods what
other businesses are already doing by
cooperation In the form of incorpora-
tion? If 1t be proper for men to form,
by fusion Of existing corporations or
otherwise, a corporation that controls
the entire production of commodity,
or a large part Of 1t, why Is 1t not
proper for group Of farmers to unite
for, the marketing of their common
products, either in one or In several
selling agencies? Why should 1t be
right for hundred thousand corporate
shareholders to direct 25 or 30 or 40
per cent of an industry, and wrong for
hundred thousand cooperative
farmers to control a no larger proper
ton of the wheat crop, or cotton, or
any other product7
often spoken of as special concession
to the farmers, but In its commercial
results, 1t is Of as much benefit to the
buyers and consumers Of agricultural
products as to the producers, or even
more. do not suppose that anyone
opposes the benefits that the farmers
derive from the educational and re-
search work OF the department, or the
help that 1t gives them In working out
improved cultural methods and prac-
tees, In developing better yielding va
rieties through breeding and selection.
In introducing new varieties from re-
mote parts Of the world and adapting
them to our climate and economic con.
dition, and In devising practical meas
ures for the elimination or control OF
dangerous and destructive animal and
plant diseases, insect pests, and the
like. All these things manifestly tend
to stimulate and enlarge production,
and their general beneficial effects are
obvious
1t Is complained that, whereas the
law restricts Federal Reserve banks
to three months time for commercial
paper, the farmer Is allowed six
months on his notes. This is not a
special privilege, but merely such a
recognition of business conditions as
makes it possible for country banks
to do business with country people.
The crop farmer has only one turn
over year, while the merchant and
manufactures have many. Incidental.
ly, l note that the Federal Reserve
Board has just authorized the Fed
eral Reserve banks to discount export
paper for period of six months, to
conform to the nature Of the busi-
ness
The Farm Loan banks are pointed
to as an instance Of special govern.
ment favor for farmers. Are they not
rather the outcome of laudable efforts
to equalize rural and urban condi-
tions? And about all the government
does there Is to help set up an ad-
ministrative organization and lend
little credit at the start Eventually
the farmers will provide all the capi-
tai and carry all the liabilities them
selves. 1t Is true that Farm Loan
bonds are tax exempt; but so are
bonds Of municipal light and traction
plants, and new housing Is to be ex-
empt from taxation, in New York, for
ten years.
On the other hand, the farmer reads
Of plans for municipal housing prof.
ects that run into the billions, of hun
dreds of millions annually spent on
the merchant marine; he reads that
the railways are being favored with
increased rates and virtual guarantees
of earnings by the government, with
the result to him of an increased toll
on all that he sells and all that he
buys. He hears of many manifesto
tions of governmental concern for par
ticular industries and interests. Res
cuing the railways from insolvency Is
undoubtedly for the benefit Of the
COuulIy do q UhOiO, pdb What Ndu Dc
Of more general benefit than encour-
agement Of ample production of the
principal necessaries of life and their
even flow from contented producers to
satisfied consumers?
While 1t may be conceded that
special governmental aid may be nec-
essary in the general interest we must
all agree that 1t Is difficult to see why
agriculture and the production and dis
tribution of farm products are not ac-
corded the same opportunities that are
provided for other businesses espe-
cially as the enjoyment by the farmer
of such opportunities would appear to
he even more contrlbutory to the gen.
eral good than In the case of other
industries. The spirit Of American
democracy is unalterably opposed,
alike to enacted special privilege and
to the special privilege Of unequal op-
portunity that arises automatically
from the failure to correct glaring
economic inequalities. / am opposed
to the injection Of government into
business, but do believe that 1t is an
essential function of democratic gov
ernment to equalize opportunity so