New-York tribune., 1922-01-22
French Treaty With Kemalists
Is Chief Bone of Contention,
Under Agreement Reached at Angora, France Viriu-
ally Gives Up Mandate of Ccilia-BoIshe-
wiki involved in Support of Nationalists


IN the southern part of Asia Minor in
exchange for valuable concessions on
the part of Turkey.
The negotiations with Soviet Russia
were conducted by Yussuf Kemal Bey,
who arrived in Moscow on February g.
BY March Is the negotiations were
completed and Russo Turkish treaty
was signed.
When the two delegations returned
to Angora the Great National Assembly
of Turkey ratified the Russo Turkish
pact and refused to ra.ify the Franco
| Turkish and the Ita!c Turkish agree
ments. This action on the part of the
Great National Assembly led to the
resignation Of Bekir Sami Bey as Min
istcr of Foreign Affairs, and his place
later on was taken by Yussuf Kemal
Bey, head of the delegation to Moscow.
The important provisions of the
Russo-Turkish treaty dealt with ques-
tions of territorial adjustment. The
district and the city of Batoum were
evacuated by the Turks and returned
to Georgia, on condition that the dis
trict be given administrative autonomy
and that the rights of the Turkish in
habitants, who are very numerous in
the district, be entirely safeguarded.
Turkey was given the right of free
transit facilities from the Turkish
boundary to the port and also free use
of the port itself. At the same time
the district Of Kars, Ardagan and Art
via, which had been formerly included
in the boundaries of the Russian En-
pire, were given to the Turks
Provisions were also made in the
treaty that at some future date a spe-
cial conference would take place be-
! tween the representatives Of the An
CORA government and of the autonom-
Gus governments of Georgia, Armenia
and Azerbaidjan to settle special ques-
| tons relating to these territories.
Such conference met in Kars at the
end Of September and on October 13 q
treaty was signed regulating the ques-
tons in dispute.
Soviet Chiefs Strengthen
Hand of Mrstapha Kemal
The result of all these arrangements
with the Soviet masters of Russia as
been that, so far as TIE nor. heastera
part of Turkey is concera ed, the Anar =
liam government controls actually
70.
trolled by the Constantinople govern
ment since the last Russo-Turkish war,
i. e.-for the last four decades. Turkey
has reacquired the important port of
Trapezond and the powerful fortress of
Kars, the loss of which had always
been very irritating to Turkey. AS
far as this portion of his territorial
body is concerned, the "Sick Man of
Europe" seems to be doing quite we'll
under the benehcent blessing of Soviet
Moscow.
But the really important achieve
ments of the Angora government have
been in the south and west The sue
cess of the March negotiations in Lon
don, though annulled by the refusal
of the Great National Assembly to
ratify the agreements signed there,
nevertheless opened the way for further
negotiations. But before these nego-
tiations materialized into any agree
mcnt another war broke out in Asia
Minor-the war between Anatolia and
Greece.
The Treaty of Sevres, besides giving
Greece most Of Turkcs possessions in
Europe, also gave he footing on
Asia Minor by placing her IN posses
sion of the port and the district of
Smyrna. In the summer of 1921 war
broke out between Greece and Ana
toiia. At first the Greeks were very
successful and their troops had nearly
reached Angora, the capital of the
Kemal government. But within short
distance Of the capital the Turks rail-
lied their forces and defeated the
Greeks. The war is still going on.
In the meantime the French eesumed
their negotiations with the kemal gov
| ernment ard on November /, 1921, the
mi-oficial Paris "Tcmps' pubs she'd
the text Of a treaty, signed in Angora
on October 20, by M. Henri Fra Kiln
Bouillon, acting on behalf of the
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
and Yussuf Kemal Bey, the Anatoian
Minister of Foreign Affairs. This
treaty, announced by the French after
its ratification by the Great National
Assembly of Turkey, came as con-
plete surprise and aroused an out
burst of indignation in England The
speech delivered by Earl Curzon, the
British Minister Of Fore gn Affair. ten
days after the opening Of the wash
ington conference, in which he openly
accused France Of playing unfairly
with her Allies, was the first official
expression of this British resentment.
And what has happened in Wasnlng-
ton has been very strong repercus-
sion Of these events.
Franco-Turkish Treaty
Gives Back Part of Cilicia
The Franco-Turkish treaty contained
two provisions which are considered Of
outstanding Importance. In the first
place, part Of Cilicia, over which
France was made trustee under a
mandate arranppmant has I~o,4 han rded