Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-07-17

OF, transmission when not CAREFUL,
guarded. n Grand Forks HAS q his.
tory f.of typhoid which is not to be
passed ove lightly Since. the in,
stallation Of the filter plants even wher
they were not very efficient, the ty.
phoid2 rate for this community ha.
fallen from n of, the worst in the
west to one OF the best in the coun.
try. M Il 5yyf% s.
The treatment tbf water aims a,
several distinct ends. First, II water
Is turbid, the sediment must be re.
moved. II It is heavily colored,; II
is Objectionable TO driving, though
color in no way. changes its health.
ful qualities and it is very difficult
TO remove. Dissolved in all drinking
waters are variable quantities of salts
Particular salts even in small guam.
titles cause intestinal disturbances
bad in drinking water, as normally
found. but makes the water unfit for
laundry purposes or dye works. Salts
constitute the hardness, Of ~watersand
foT most purposes can. be classed as
temporary or permanent. Temporary
hardness is reduced by heating OF
boiling and constitutes the scale
found in kettles. When large guam
titles of water are run through coils
La AOo$CO 1ACoA y Z ~ OOAAAII6 al tlAc
same time, the result is that the
pipes are very quickly filled up with
the precipitated salt which is insol-
uble in water. The permanent hard
ness that is left is not good to drink
in large quantity so that it is neces-
sary. to reduce this as far as posi-
BILE. There is also: d great waste OF
soap in laundry work due to hard
ness.
From the standpoint Of health, how
ever. the thing that is more important
is the number and kinds of disease
Or other bacteria present in the wa
plant or animal, falling into the wa
ter supply will provide food for many
kinds of bacteria. These are not nee
essarily disease bacteria, but any kind
in large numbers will cause some
disturbance in the digestive system
and must be reduced or eliminated,
The emptying Of sewage and throw
ing diseased ~carcasses into streams
is one of the worst sources OF disease
bacteria: There are, however, large
numbers, Of small animals particu-
larry protocol and the eggs Of tape
worms and round worms that get
into these supplies from barnyards
and pastures that must be removed
from the water completely il 1t is
to be used for drinking. All these
things the filter plant is asked to 90,
! Water Filtration Explained.
At Grand Forks the water is FIRST
drawn from Red Lake river just
above the second bridge. The wa
ter here is clearer than that of the
Red river. About the middle Of the
spring after the first flood waters
the water here is very idarkly col
ored from the peat boys about Red
lake. This does not hurt the water,
but it does cause unnecessary com
plants. The water is drawn IN
through a long pipe suspended
about. three feet above the bottom
by chains and perforated with several
thousand half-inch holes. This strains
out the largest particles. 8.
From here it passes into a mixing
chamber, where it passes over and
unde a regular maze of partitioned
chambers and is in the process very
thoroughly mixed with measured
llquantittes of aluminium sulphate
Eand. lime. The whole process is care.
fully regulated by machinery.
The alum and lime both unite
with salts in solution in the water
and. cause a chemical reaction re
| sNtting in a lot Of insoluble conf.
pounds which therefore precipitate
a further action of the alum is tc
collect the finer particles of clay into
larger masses SO that the water &C!
tually looks muddier after treatmen,