davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

been killed In the action OF his ship,
the Chesapeake, with the British ship
Shannon only a few months before
Perry engaged the enemy, but Law
rence's last injunction to his men al.
ready had become the American sail
ors watchword. The Lake Erie flag
is in an almost perfect state OF
preservation.
They may not say much about it
at the Naval academy but the effect
Of the defeat of the Chesapeake by
the Shannon-one of the few defeats
of the American navy-is felt in the
service to this day.
! Name Chesapeake Not Liked.
!; Eighteen years ago the Navy depart
ment built splendid full-rigged ship
for the practice cruises Of the
Annapolis midshipmen and at the
Launching it was christened Chesa-
peake. It was turned over to the
academy authorities and then there
was much muttering among the old
sailors. The name Chesapeake was
connected with defeat and no matter
how brave was the fight that its crew
made, the ship had struck its colors
to the foe and the name was as
ISOLATED with disaster. There was
another christening and the Chesapeake
became the Seyern-a fitting name
for the Severn river flows by the
academy walls.
The flag of the British brig Boxer,
Captain Blythe commanding, captured
BY the American brig Enterprise of
the coast Of Maine, is in the keeping
of the Naval academy. Captain Bur-
rows, the American commander, was
killed in the very hour of his victory.
Near the Boxer trophy are the flags
of five of the British vessels captured
by Perry at the battle Of Lake Erie.
the Lady Provost, the Hunter, the
Little Belt, the Chippewa and the De-
troit. With the Erie flags are those
of the Confidence, the Beresford, the
Chubb and the Linnett-British YES
sells sunk or taken by Commander
N1cDonough at the battle Of Lake
Champlain.
Charles Stewart, the American
grandfather of the one-time Irish
leader, Charles Stewart Parnell, made
possible the addition of two flag
trophies to the Annapolis collection.
Stewart captured two British men-of-
war. the Cyane and the Levant, which
he fought near the Madeira islands.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27
ARS DO DOUBLE DUTY DOLLAR DAY" SIS

desert and the Red sea on the east,
and the Libyan desert on the west.
To the south Egypt extends up to a
point % miles north Of Wadi Halfa.
on the second cataract Of the Nile,
The present population Of Egypt is
1916 65, as compared with 11,2S7,'
$50 in 1907, with 9,734,405 in 1897
and with 6,S31,1 in 1882. or the
total population 1O,3G6.046 are Egyp
1ians, 635,012 Bedouins, 65,1O2 M
bians, and 221, 100 foreigners made uI
as follows: Turks, 69,725; Greeks
6l,973; Italians, 34926; British, 20,
853; French and Tunisians, 1854
Austro- Hungarians, 1904; Russians
$40; Germans. 1917: other Euro
pcans, ZIG; and Persians. 1850.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

have been made at the gathering and
that he will urge Democratic support
in the senate for treaties as they are
formulated.
!. Naval Academy Worth a Visit ,
Under the terms Of the naVal
treaty with other nations why
the United States senate will be
asked to ratify, great many Of
pur ships of war are destined for the
scrap heap. Some of these ships have
won a place for themselves in the
records of the country and others
have not, but none of them perhaps
Is so enshrined in the hearts of Amer
leans as are some of the old ships
which once carried the flag to vic
tory.
Recently the fact has been published
that only a comparatively small num-
Der of the middies who will graduate
from Annapolis in 1922 will be al
lowed to enter the sea service. 1t
also has been said that those who
are given their diplomas and who are
to be turned back into civil life will
add just so much to the preparedness
personnel of the American people.
The young sailors who enter the serv-
Ice and those who do not will carry
through life, however, the memories Of
the old academy and of all its ira
I1itions and reminders Of past deeds
of American ships and American
sailors.
1t is we'll worth while for Americans
to visit the Naval academy, for there
they will get something of that spirit
Of devotion which the graduates OF
the institution have always shown to
their country. Within the walls Of
the academy grounds stands the
beautiful chapel within which rests
the body of John Paul Jones, who was
the hrst captain of the American navy
flying the Stars and Stripes to cause
nm enemy ship to strike it's colors.
John Paul Jones, by general consent,
was in the truest sense the Father Of
the American Navy.
Many Victories, Few Defeats.
At Annapolis are gathered the
trophies Of the sea and there are
many of them, for the defeats Of
ships Of the American navy We're so
few that a line or two of history's
pages is sufficient to record them. In
the grounds Of the academy are monu.
ments to the sailor officers who gave
up their lives in battle with the foe,
or with the elements which respect
the flag and sailors Of no nation.
Historians trouble themselves little
with the details of such trifiing
things as the disposal of the spoils
Of war, save those which have value
In hard cash. The worth of a trophy
In sentiment is matter Of small con-
Germ to She ehronicler of deeds.
: At the Naval academy may be seen
Perry's pennant which flew from his
flagship, the Lawrence, at the battle
of Lake Erie. 1t is a red ensign with
the words Of Captain Lawrence en-
brOidered on it in white letters-words
that ever since have been the rallying
cry Of the American navy, Don't give
up the ship Captain Lawrence had
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27
When Silk Hose Were First Worn.

1t appears that Henry II, when pre-
pairing for the marriage of his sister
in 1859, first had the idea or silk hose,
and that at that epoch-making event
was the. first to wear knitted silk
stockings. "A hundred years later one
Hindres established factory for
stockings in the Bots de Boulogne.
This was the first factory in France.
It was success from the start, and
when it received a protection from
the ministers it became a gold mine.
In 1896 the venture was turned into a
company. From it arose the society
of stocking makers. At this time rib
bed stockings were made in England,
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

The claim Of high officer Of the
French army that $4,000 French SOL
diers were killed by their own artillery
makes it appear that long and arduous
training doesn't count for everything,
after all.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

4 girl learns lot at school. The
Freshmen" at an eastern college for
girls say that n man should earn
$4,000 year before he is to be con.
sidered rs murriageable, but the sen.
iors put the figures ut $1,000.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

Our idea Of perfect self-control Is
that form of restraint a man exhibits
when he sticks to his job in the rear
of the building while the fire apparatus
is rushing by.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

IF war gus never kills and seldom
permanently disables, according to
General Fries, why all the fuss to pro.
tect against it, and why all the army
of disabled that came back from
France?
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1922-02-27

But it was not Until nearly q century
into France. The idea caught on ami
factories were established in Paris and
Lyons.-Kansas City Star
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

extra tax is devoted to maintenance
of roads
Frances birth rate continues to fall
at an alarming rate. the average of
births per marriage now being calcu-
lated at 1.76. compared with 3.51 in
1914. At this rate it is estimated that
Frances population will begin to di-
minish 100000 year after 1880.
Feminine sports sare attracting
much attention here They are not
confined to tennis and basketball.
During June national women's cham
pionships were held in fencing, swim
ming, football. as well as the usual
track events.
The French Government has de-
cidcd to subsidize the installation of
wireless telephones in every Marie in
France (about 60,000) in order to dis
tribute weather signals to farmers.
The i'adiophone movement. however.
is still generally discouraged and will
be until definite international wave
length for broadcasting that will not
interfere with commercial service is
arranged.
Touring by airplane is the latest
French novelty. One club, with "a
planes and 104 members, successfully
journeyed to an uncharted field 105
kilometers from Paris for their Sum
day dinner and returned without a
single accident See Paris' tours are
being Offered by one company. touring
planes circlins around the Eiffel Tow
er every Sunday afternoon.
French film production has in
creased thirtyfold since 1914. All
French companies are now operating
continuously in Morocco. along the
Riviera, in the Pyrenees. while seven
firms are now producing scenic and
news views.
Dancing is losing its vogue in
France as the exuberance which fol-
lowed the armistice OF 1918 dies away.
Receipts in the capitals dance halls
during the year ended June / were
one-third, or 100000 francs. lower
than last year. OF four thousand
licensed dance halls in 1919 less than
5000 now exist.
French wholesale profits are rela-
lively no larger than those Of retail
dealers The latest index figures show
that the price of living (retail costs
of 1914 as a basis) is now about 2.65
times the pre-war figure. Last Janu-
airy the index was 3.19. Wholesale in
dexes in January averaged 800. and
are now down to about ESQ. Mean
while, the average salary increase is
more than $50. so that any COM
plants as to insufficiency must be at
tributed to an improved standard of
living.
France is making rapid strides in
metallurgica production. and, when
world markets are better stabilized.
hopes to control much of the field
once held by Germany. This year the
mineral production alone has been in
creasing at the rate of 100000 tons
each month.
The world fight for petrol mastery
is not being overlooked here. Mineral
oil production during the first quarter
OF this year reached 14,475 tons. as
compared to $3.50 tons in 1921.
The tobacco monopoly in France
gives employment to about $4,000
functionaries. Budget experts say
that if open competition were per-
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

ditch she dug. Her collapse on big
scale would in very deed be the down
fall of Europe as whole. Her misery
joined to that of Austria, Poland and
Russia would put u.s. all back into
destitution and raise new devils CT
tragedy and terror.
The extremists in Russia are wait
ing for this TO happen with hungry
hearts. Moderate men in Russia, of
whom there are many, though they
are silent, look forward with despair
to such thing. for 1t would let loose
again the floods of Bolshevism which
have been receding during the last
year so that Communism is abandoned
in creed except among small group
of fanatics who still hold Russia in
their grip. though they have modified
their strangle hold under the influence
of necessity.
The fight would be precipitated in
Germany between revolution and re-
action. Personally l think reaction
would win. But the conflict would be
disastrous not only for Germany but
for all of Europe. The Genoa confer
ence failed because the question of
reparations was ruled out. Every
thing will fail until that is faced and
settled. The great hope now is that
France. who ryled-i 1t out before. is
willing now to face the facts bravely
and scientifically.
What are the facts about France?
They may be put in nutshell. With
out the German indemnity on the
scale laid down by the Treaty of Ver-
sailles-which was an impossible scale
France cannot balance her budget,
cannot repair her devastated districts,
cannot pay her debts to Britain or the
United States, cannot maintain her
army on the present scale, cannot sup
port her great colored legions which
she is raising in Africa for future
need, cannot increase those squad: ons
of airplanes which made her famous,
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

chief of these Is the British tradition
for business honesty. quality Of goods
and sound banking methods.
BY tremendous taxation, which has
reached its maximum limit. the Brit
fsh Government has succeeded in ball
ancing its budgets, preventing infia-
tion of paper money. But that taxa
ton Is not likely TO produce the same
amount OF revenue in the future, ow-
ing to it's Gripping. effect on capital
and industry. British export trade,
slightly improving, has decreased by
nearly so per cent. in many important
articles and more than a million men
are unemployed in consequence
AS proof OF pacific intentions. the
British army has been reduced to
limits below the safety margin for
policing the Asiatic peoples. For econ
omy sake. as well as because of an
anti-militarist policy. Britain is i'm
potent In aircraft compared with
France. which has more than two
thousand fighting airplanes; there are
only two hundred In England
The time is at hand when Britain
will be unable to maintain her pres
ent population unless there is speedy
Improvement in world trade. and with
that thought in view the British Gov
ernment has just agreed to expend
three million pounds annually in bear
ing half tbs cost of emigration charges
to the dominions.
All classes in England except work.
ing men are being bled white to sup
port these burdens. The old aristoc-
racy is abandoning ancient houses and
parks. the middle classes find difficulty
in paying their income tax of five
shillings IT. the pound. and indus
trialists find enterprise restricted for
the same reason. Nevertheless Britain
is determined to pay her debt to the
United States, and at the same time
has signfied her Willingness, under
certain conditions, to wipe out the
The New York herald., 1922-07-30
BY SIR PHILIP GIBBS.
'peeial cable to THE New YoRK HERALD.


LONDON. July 20.
T Under pressure OF alarming
facts whihc smashed false
~ illusions with knockout
blow, European statesmen, in
cluding those of France, have at last
decided to get down to arithmetic and
reality and try 20 work out some prac-
teal way OF saving themselves and
each other from colossal disaster.
It is equally important for all busi-
ness men and those who form the
great body OF public opinion to clear
their minds of passionate nonsense
and look at the actual facts of the
world situation in scientific spirit.
il Is, OF course, dfficrlt for ordinary
citizens to get at vital facts because
they are obscured from day to day by
small line devils OF news and masses
OF conflicting opinion. so newspaper
readers are bewildered and cannot see
the wood for the trees.
At the risk OF being very dull I
propose to set out in straightfor-
ward way the facts and figures most
significant In the European problem
at the present moment. 1t will then
be possible TO understand more clearly
the difficulties involved and the pos
sbility OF settlement.
First. under the heading of interna-
tional debts Great Britain is the chief
---~rtor of Europe. apart from the
united states. Foreign countries and
British dominions owe England a lit
tie more than two thousand million
pounds. or this debt France owes
England five hundred eighty-four mil
lions. England owes the United States
nine hundred and thirty-nve millions.
Now what Ia the financial position OF
England at the present time? Her
credit glands good and is steadily inn
provinlg for variety of reasons. The
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

cannot hold her power in the air. cam
not hold Syria, cannot dominate Eu-
ropean politics by the present prestige
in arms, her military support of Po-
land, her military menace against Ger
many. France, therefore, is the
most directly interested nation in
the settlement in Europe, for hav-
ing gained the greatest victory
she is now threatened with the
loss Of all its fruits. If she agrees
to cancel in great part the German
indemnites she must modify also her
whole policy and purpose, and abdicate
to some extent her present suprem-
acy. She must shorten the weapon lin
her hand She must economize, as
England has done, in air and in land
forces. She must risk. as England
does not risk so much, the future
menace and vengeance OF Germany.
1t is asking France a great deal to
make those concessions.
Yet France sees now with a clear.
cold vision that world facts force
these concessions upon her. Not all.
but some. The British Government Is
not blind to the position OF France,
nor careless of IL. But she too must
make enormous sacrifices in order to
obtain from France concessions to her
own view Of world policy, which is. in
few words. peace and the preven-
ton of anarchy In central Europe.
Remission of the French debts to Eng
land is offered as a setoff against the
remission Of German debts to France.
Those are the plain. simple out
standing facts about the European
problem to-day and tomorrow. One
need not add to them. One cannot
evade them. II is a tricky problem Of
arithmetic and upon its settlement in
fact and I'm spirit depends the future
OF European civilization. We arc so
ing through lot OF t,ouble before II
is settled.
copyright, 1922. by the Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicatc)
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

happen, for food markets will reach
heights which no amount of paper
money available in the workers hands
will reach, and as sure as fate anarchy
will prevail. 81
England has been injured by Ger
many in two ways as by double
edged sword. Despite intensive in
dustrial development so highly organ
lied throughout Germany that so far
there has been practically no unem-
ployment, Germany's purchasing power
of raw materials from England has
steadily diminished. At the same time
by the low value of the mark, low
wages and low costs due to that bad
paper money Germany has been able
to wipe Britain out of her former
markets. as, for instance, in the Ar
gentine Republic. which is now lost
because of the >influx Of cheap Ger
man GOODS
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

French debt to her. thereby necessi-
tating new taxation and new sacrifices
on the bulk of the people.
There is virtue in that, for. it must
be admitted, and has been admitted,
that it needs some nobility of soul to
adopt this view OF the world policy.
But 1t is also the policy of common
sense and elf-interest. More impor-
tant to Britain than a collection of
paper debts is the revival of world
trade and the security Of European
peace.
British public opinion. with few
though powerful exceptions. favors
any policy which win revive export
trade and enable former markets to
buy her goods Most important among
those markets are Germany. Russia
and Austria. There is no chance what
ever OF revival Of world trade until
German reparations are revised and
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

settled on basis within reasonable
time.
Austria is dreadful warning of
what happens when a nation is forced
to the printing press by impossible
debts and internal bankruptcy. In
July the price of bread in Vienna ad-
-vanced from 1880 kronen to 1900
kronen for two pound loaf, an in
crease of 100 per cent. in three weeks.
Immense mobs of men and women
threatened with starvation massed
around Government offices with a
menace of anarchy. For years the
allied Powers fooled with this Aus
trian problem. refused to remit their
debts or advance loans. with the re-
suit that now in a panic they have
done both too late.
Supposing Germany goes the way
of Austria. IL the German mark
comes much lower that is bound to
The New York herald., 1922-07-30
IN THE INTEREST OF PEACE

But all this development of trade,
not yet back to pre-war figures, has
been based on rotten finance, because
Germany's immense foreign debts
have absorbed all her profits, de-
stroyed her credit, and set the print
ing presses madly spinning. That is
the broad. undeniable fact in spite of
Germany's alleged wealth and her un-
doubted evasion of just taxation by
boarding money in foreign countries.
While her middle classes and laborers
are heavily taxed some of her big in
dustrialists and financial gamblers es-
capped.
But their capture with all their new
made wealth would not balance Ger
many's budget or prevent the national
disaster which is close. 1t is folly, be-
yond all words idiotic. to think that
for the sake of vengeance Germany
ought to be allowed to fall into the
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

The associations efforts have borne
fruit. On June 30 Representative
Mills of New York introduced bill,
II. r. 1926, providing for a marked
reduction in the passport fees assessed
by our Government. Under the terms
Of this measure a passport would be
issued to an American citizen for s5. 1t
would be valid for two years and would
be subject to four renewals of two
years each at charge Of 81 for each
renewal.
The fee for viseing passports is re-
duced fom $40 to So. but the Secretary
of State is given authority to increase
the fee for vseing the passports of any
alien to whatever amount Is assessed
by the country OF the alien for viseing
passports Of citizens of the United
States.
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

obtaining Of a passport less burden
some. On the other hand, the expense
of obtaining passports and passport
vises has been increased 500 per cent
This is due to an act of the Congress
effective July /, 1920, authorizing a
charge of $40 for issuing passports
to American citizens and the same
amount for viseirfe- the passports of
aliens. Prior to that time fees for
issuing and viseing had been 81.
Certain foreign countries have
standing provision under which their
passport wise fee TO the citizens OF
any country is the same as the pass
port wise fec assessed 70 their ma
tionals by that country These coun-
tries, therefore. automatically began
assessing our citizens $40 for Wise.
In retaliation of our act against their
citizens other countries that did not
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

mitted but taxed the State would in
crease its profits at least $50,000,000
yearly.
Aut o m o b ii le expectation from
France has almost ceased, owing to
tariff barriers. In 1920 more than a
billion francs worth of such machines
were shipped from France.
More than 8 per cent of the agri-
cultural ground crossed by the various
German invasions has now been re-
stored to productivity. while sufficient
schools have been restored or con
structed-the latter merely tempo
rarily, however-to accommodate the
children of the devastated regions.
The damage to Frances homes and
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

have this reciprocal provision took
action to raise their charge to the
same amount assessed by the United
States, namely, So
Among the countries which have in
creased their fees are Great Britain,
Denmark, Germany, Greece, Norway.
Spain. Sweden Czecho-Slovakia and
italy.
The result has been a heavy burdef
on all Americans travelling abroad
Commercial travellers from the United
States have spent hundreds of dol
lars for passport vises, while their
citizens Of other coun-
tries, have only paid nominal amounts.
To remedy this situation the Mer-
chants Association of New York has,
for more than year, been conducting
a campaign to bring about a simplifi-
cation in passport procedure.
The New York herald., 1922-07-30

morning and late evening train are
compelled to maintain three complete
station staffs.
= There are now sixteen women for
every ten men of marriageable age in
France, and the rate will increase
gradually, according to present indica-
tions. to two to one ratio. Female
births are about 10 per cent higher
than male births.
Anti-alcohol propaganda is making
it's greatest strides in the Channel and
coast ports. Applejack, once the favor
ite drink of mariners, is now seldom
called for; lighter wines and beers
instead are in demand. and some cafes
arc even refusing to stock hard liquor