The Holly chieftain., 1922-07-06

ding to arrange for official exhibits exemplifying
American progress in science. industry and COM
merce. Seven government departments, interior.
commerce. agriculture. postofice, labor war and
navy and the United States shipping board. have
prepared exhibits
Twenty-Five nations will participate in the
celebration, which is regarded Of peculiar interest
to the United States because Of the fact that
Brazil has already participated in eight expos
tions in this country Congress appropriated ST.
100000 to defray expenses Of participation by
the United States In the exposition. The State
department will have charge of the expenditure
of this fund.
Out of 1t a permanent building, costing $35O,OOO
has been erected on the Avenue of Nations to
house the exhibit to be sent by this government.
After the close Of the exposition this building Is
be converted into permanent embassy for this
government.
The exposition building will be two stories In
height and of granite construction. The upper
floor will be devoted to reception rooms and the
lower floor to departmental exhibits.
Preliminary to Brazs achievement of indie
pendence Is the reign Of Dom John. He arrived
in Brazil as prince regent in 1905 In 1915 the
colony was raised by royal charter to the rank of
a royal kingdom along with Portugal and Al.
garves. Dom John then became King John W.
When Dom John came over he brought royal
treasures In the form of art and books-to save
them from Napoleon. He founded academy
of art, museum Of natural history, libraries and
and opened ports to trade. But he was not wise
in political affairs, outlived his popularity, and
returned to Portugal in 1921.
King John left as regent Dom Pedro his son,
who became the champion Of the Brazilian cause
against the Portuguese reactionarles who desired
to reduce the kingdom to Its old colonial status.
The home government demanded his return. The
people asked him to remain. He remained.
few months later In Sac Paulo letter was de-
lvered to him from the Portuguese court. In
burst of anger he tore off the Portuguese insignia,
drew his sword and shouted the historic words
Independence or Death" The scene has been
immortalized In painting called "The Cry Of
Ypiranga." er-.-.A-ar~. y S'si.i7a,HiiEIHkH
Actual independence was quickly achieved by
overcoming hostities the part of the Portu.
guese garrison and feet
The most prominent of the political events Of the
first reign under independence include these,
cording to Langworthy Marchant In the bulletin
of the Pan American Union:
"First In order Is the fusion Of all parties into
one in support of the newly installed head Of the
nation. Dom Pedro I, Constitutional Emperor and
Perpetual Defender Of Brazil; then follows the
convocation of the Constituent Assembly for the
purpose Of establishing constitution; later the
violent dissolution of the same assembly by the
Emperor. because 1t proposed to curtail his
privileges and establish a virtual republic; then
In swift succession the arrest and banishment Of
the parliamentary leaders. among them the illus.
trous Jose Bonifacio de Andrada Silva who
goes down In history with the title of Patriarch
of the Independence; the promuIeation OF the
constitution of the Empire by Dom Pedro Prmeir0
most liberal document, Notwithstanding the
extraordinary circumstances In which 1t
promulgated the Republican Revolution of 1924
in Pernambuco. which was repressed by Dom
Pedro In way which raised up against him the