The herald., 1922-07-20

SQUD Nv ample WEcD tba American uro..
adopted the Declaration of IndeDen-
aence 1t was not only announcement to the world
or the Independence of the original thirteen
colonies, but Also prophecy OF the forthcoming
independence of most of the Western Hemis-
phere. So there are many independence Days on
this side Of the Atlantic.
Mexico celebrates September 1G II WAS on that
day in 1910, that Miguel HidaIso. pastor of
Colores, rang his church bell and proclaimed in
dependence To his flock. For ten years his head
was to he seen on spike Il corner of the
Alhondiga de Granadtas in Guanajuato and in
dependence was not secured until 1921
The Central American countries celebrate Sep
tember 10. Guatemala declared independence on
that date in 1921, the other countries following
SIS example soon after
In South America Venezuela deposed its rovaI
governor April 20. 1910. July 8, 1911, Bolivar
brought about formal declaration of independ-
.ence and Republican constitutional form of
government So Venezuela observes a holiday on
each of these days
? Chile celebrates September IS. In 1910 II or
ganzed government when Napoleon tumbed
Ferdinand VII off from the throne Of Spain
other South American countries celebrate In
dependence day on the following dates: Argentina.
May %; Bolivia August 6; Colombia July 30:
Ecuador, August TO- Paraguay, May Ills: Peru.
July 2S-3O; Uruguay, February %.
Brazil dates its independence from September Z
1872. the date of the separation of Brazil from
Portugal, though the nation did not become a
republic till the revolution of 1889. That is why
Brazil will celebrate a century of independence
by an International exposition to be opened this
coming September
This centennial exposition will be held In Rio
de Janero 1t will open September z and con-
tinue until March 81, 1923. Rio de Janeiro is city
with more than a million people. 1t Is most
picturesquely situated on the Bay of Guanabara
- with iSla
mountains. Its odd name-River of January
comes from the fact that January /, 1881 Martin
ALFONSO sailed through the gateway dominated by
Sugar Loaf Peak into the almost land-Iocked bay
and thought it was the mouth of a mighty
stream.
Several years ago when the authorities decided
to improve and mOdernze Rio de Janerio, this
plan included the condemnation and removal of
nearly 6UO small buildings in order to construct
q wide avenue, known as Avenida Rio Branco 1t
extends north and south distance of about a
mile and a half, and is 10 feet wide Rows Of
Eau Brazil, the species of tree from which the
republic derives its name, occupy the center the
sides being used for traffic This avenue also
serves as a connecting link between sections of
the bay. Along Avenida Rio Branco stand many
or the capitals business structures hotels cafes
newspaper plants, and office buildings. At ap-
proNimately the halfway point Of the Avenida the
electric street car system of Rio de Janeiro CEN
ters
AVenlda Rio BrancO will unite the two sections
OF the exposition grounds. The several areas
designated for exposition purposes lie along or
near the water front The site where native or
brazilian products will be exhibited is a plot of
ground having water two sides; and from this
piazza street extending along the water front To
tne Monroe Palace one of the city's most beautI-
Jul ana commanding structures, has been desig-
mated as the "Avenida do Nacaes" (Avenue of Ma
uons), along which will stand the official pavions
OF Foreign governments. BY far the largest orea
available for exposition purposes is that living at
the opposite end of the Avenida Rio Branco in
the vicinity Of the docks and warehouses
where large exhibits, such as machinery and
locomotives, find abundant space
In a general way, Brazil will endeavor To show
me world some Of the vital influences that have
made the county grow and prosper The exposi-
Ion VIII reflect agricultural development progress
n stock raising fishing, and mining; the growth
u mechanical industries; transportation progress
N land rivers, and along the coast; postal and
telegraph services; the work of Brazilian artists
md scientists; the development on commerce.:
nd the production and conservation of foods.
The United States is to be represented. Plans
or Its participation have been completed by
pecial commission appointed by President Har-