The New York herald., 1922-01-23

definite understanding as TO just what
constitutes the "open door" as applied
10 China. 1t reinforced this effort
during the last week By bringing the
matter to the attention Of all of the
foreign delegates in the conference.
There was surprisingly little resistance
20 this venture.
Chinese Military Forces.
The subcommittee, OF which Senator
Underwood is chairman. furnished TO
the Chinese delegates something to
think about in the shape OF a report
denouncing the existence Of super
military governments in. Chinese PROV
inces. The report constitutes q vigor-
Gus indictment OF a practice of per-
mitting provincial Tuchuns to. dictate
to the centrol government.
1t showed that while the Pekin Gov
rrnment is compelled TO default its
loans and is practically bankrupt the
Tuchuns are permitted to maintain
armies that in tho aggregate consti-
tute larger military force than that
OF any European power with the ex-
ception of Russia and France. More
than half of the revenues Of the Pe.lin
Government are absorbed by these
Tuchuns.
While the public record OF the dis
cussions Of Chinese affairs makes no
reference to the operations Of these
Tuchuns the pioin implication is that
the chief fault lies with the Pekin
Government. Until China clears up it's
internal situation with such legitimate
help as the countries represented at
the Washington conference can pro-
vide the delegates to the latter assert
that they are without authority to
grant further aid.
Tho definition OF the "open door,
and the adoption OF the resolution
providing for publication Of treaties
relating to China were the concrete
accomplishments Of tine week. Added
to previous undertakings these i'm
portant achievements already assure
China an opportunity to improve her
condition. China is to control her
dVn tariffs, post offices. exercise judi-
cial authority over territory now sub
ject to the laws Of other countries
and provide her own police powers
instead Of depending on the troops Of
foreign nations.
The two remaining issues to which,
China attaches the greatest import
ance are those relating to Shantung
and the "twenty-one points" agree
mcnts which forced China to nego-
tiate, treaty with Japan In 1920.
The outlook for settlement Of the
Shantung problem was greatly i'm
proved during the past week, accord
ing to Senators Lodge and Underwood.
The statement that an agreement
would probably be reached over Shan
tung was made by the two Senators
In urging the Senate to keep it's hands
off of conference undertakings. The
direct negotiations between Japan and
China have continued for more than
Il month. The crux of the issue re-
lates to the control OF the Shanturg
railway system. Secretary Hughes and
Mr.. Balfour have proposed that a
consort tium in which Japan and China
shall participate be organized 70
finance the CLAIM OF Japan and per-
nit the entire question to be settled.
The Chinese delegates will continue
their efforts to force the abrogation
81 the "twenty-one points" treaty,
The attitude Of the other countries is
that inasmuch as Japan and China
negotiated the treaty directly the All
nulment OF 1t must be reached in the
came way.
Upon the success Of China in as-
serting her right to denounce the
treaty In the face OF Japanese oppo-
sition depends control of Manchuria
over which Japan asserts special
privileges that already have been rec
ognized by other countries. The
Chinese delegates declare that unless
Japan Is compelled to consent to the
abrogation Of the ''twentyone points
treaty Manchuria is lost to China for
at least a hundred years.