davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1922-12-05
MUST MAKE
ALL Citizens
DR.. Ward Says Foreign
Born Must Be Taught
American Laws
ALIENS TAKE
PART IN PROGRAM

i American Citizenship Day was OBJ
served last night by the Alumni As
ISOLATION Of Caesar Rodney Citizen
ship School in the old Library
Building. The exercises We're at
. tended by $50 persons representing
many foreign countries.
Among the speakers were Mayor
Leroy Harvey. George b. Miller.
president of the Delaware Americani-
zation Committee; David A. Ward.
superintendent OF the wilmington
Public Schools; Mrs. Mary z. Brad
. ford. former superintendent OF
schools of Kenosha, Wisconsin. and
Marguerite II. Burnett. Director Of
Immigrant Education in Delaware.
Many citizens Of foreign birth made
short addresses.
DR.. Ward delivered the ad-
dress of welcome and also acted
as chairman of the meeting. DR.
Ward emphasized the need of an in
telligent citizenry 10 carry on the
work of democracy in which we live.
Along this line he brought out that
il was essential TO teach foreign born
people in the United States our laws
and customs.
Both Mr.. Miller and Mayor Harvey
spoke OF the influence of home life
in the moulding of American
citizens. Mrs. Mary f. Bradford
demonstrated her lecture with black
board representations OF the steps in
the education of the child from the
kindergarten stage TO the college.
A reception was held for the
alumni and their guests after the
program. Refreshments were
.nr.rnH
Evening journal., 1922-12-05
BUYS WASHSTAND
FOR RURAL SCHOOL

Special TO The Evening Journal.
RICHARDSON PARK. Del. Dec
5.-Following announcement that
26O pupils at the school here had no
place to wash their hands or faces.
Mrs. A. ID. Warner. OF Wilmington.
visited the school Yesterday and
after viewing the equipment OF the
antique school. donated S25 towards
the cost Of installing a washstand
for the children's use Mrs. Warner
was accompanied by J. Henderson
smith, president OF the local school
trustees. She addressed the chill
dren. The new washstand will be
installed az once.
Evening journal., 1922-12-05
ROBERT POST ELECTS.

Laurence Roberts Post. No. q,
American Legion. elected officers
at a meeting last night. Dr. william
C.. Speakman. State Commander, will
install the officers on January s. The
new officers are. L. VI. Rowe.
commander; J. a. Crothers. vice.
commander; J. L. Pyle post finance
officer: c. L. Sweeney adjutant The
Board OF Directors was named as
follows: DR.. Ira Burns. Everett T..
Borton. J. p. Eckles. DR.. Roger NJ.
Gregory and Joseph A. Brosius.
Evening journal., 1922-12-05
QUIT TOBACCO
So easy to drop Cigarette,
Cigar, or Chewing habit
-.----.-- --.-.-.-.-.-- .--.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.---.-.-

No-fc-Bac has helped thousands
% break fhe costly. nerve-shatter-
4ng tobacco habit. Whenever you
have a longing for a smoke or chew,
Just place harmless No-To-Bac
tablet in your mouth instead. All
desire stops. Shortly the habit Is
completely broken and you are bet
ter off mentally. physically, finan-
cially. It's so easy. so simple. Get
a box Of No-To-Bac and II Il doesn't
release you from al craving for
tobacco in any form your druggist
will refund your money without ques-
ton
Evening journal., 1922-12-05
PIoNEERs. aIADIEs, NIGHT.. :,

Ladies' Night will be held by the
Benevolent Pioneer Litrary Associa-
tion at It's rooms tomorrow night.
The committee has planned a pro-
gram OF dancing, music and re-
freshments. The association will
hold a card party and dance at the
New Century Club on the night OF
December IA.
Evening journal., 1922-12-05
Piles Disappear
PeterSOn'S Ointment

please let me tell you" says Pet
erson, that for instant relief from
the misery OF blind bleeding or
itching piles, there is nothing so
good as Peterson's Ointment, as
thousands have testified" Best for
old sores and itching skin. All drug
gists. 35e. soc. 500. $3.50. $500.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1922-10-17
Classified Display
Hunters,
Take Notice.!

A1ulIlCIS,
Take Notice!
Five million Of you will go
afield this fall.
Yet game is more abund-
ant than it was 20 years ago
when hunters were fewer.
What is the reason? Good
game laws which are obeyed.
The good sportsman no lon
ger breaks laws. He has
seen the results Of game pro-
lection. He knows that the
lawbreaker is spelling his
own sport and the other fell
lows.
For your convenience. the
Department Of Agriculture
has printed all the 1922
game laws by states in new
booklet Just off the press.
Every hunter should have a
copy of this booklet. You
can get yours by writing to
our Washington Information
Bureau. Fill out the coupon
and enclose two cents in
stamps for return postage.
Write your name and address
clearly.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1922-10-17

money for bright man.
Some of our statesmen earn $500 TO
81 900 commission monthly on their
sales. Some get orders daily ranging
from SO to $4,000 each. One who
can do SO is wanted in tri-cities. Must
possess good business brains. selling
ability. tact. One having these quail
ties and who will work and talk intel
ligently. constantly, diligently and en-
Enthusiastically among business men can
earn good money and establish a bust
ness virtually his own with no finan-
cal investment. Line is high grade adj
vertising specialties, advertising signs,
buttons. badges, etc. Customers Yin
Guide every line OF business. nlunicipf1i-
ties. manufacturers. merchants. con-
tractors. civic bodies. clubs, organiza
tons, political parties, labor unions.
Concise statement of experience and
references must accompany application.
Bastian Bros. Co., Rochester. N. Y.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1922-10-17

SELL It quickly for cash. Use CLASH
fed I'd.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1922-10-17

Mexican barbering. BARRIERS in demand
everywhere. We place you in good
jobs. Short course. Catalog freq.
Mo!er BARBER College. 10s S. Wells,
Chicago.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1922-10-17

CITY Statesmen FOR SPECIAL
HOLIDAY SELLERS: ALSO FOR ALL
YEAR SELLING PRODUCTS; GOOD
MENT ASSURED RIGHT MEN.
LEITHEH & WEISHAR, 1872 3RD
. AVS. &. l. 1900.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1922-10-17
Insurance
wSeALow INSURANCE.

soaaALOw INSURANCE -.
supbosing you came aane late
some night with your wife all
doilcd up with the family dia-
monds and little change. put
Jour car in the garage, stepped
eot n the black of night and
nsd gun poked into your face.
nednce the shock by Travellers
ao'dup Policy at $3.50 a thou
saad Schneider & Mitchell
ssis,x0 Safety Bldg. R. l. ass.
nea estate and all kinds Of in.
sursnce.
,seLAkY-Hoidup. auto. liability. fire
snaoo, rent insurance. Real estate.
was Agency. Is State Bank BLDG r. I.
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17
SYNOPSIS

CHAPrrH r.-'-r o o sra-a'arhrr.'
hn1h ...a rr- -a..r-. E4|-aa Al
saH-'rns .a- Q. 90. leo 90 pa:r re-
.rii~.l. and r.as 90 a.. % uay o. 10. ND
hs1 -g ..r ...rra.. r.r.l. aI a. l.Hs e.
hsFr -.-r.-. ra -.. q g.s1a.l asrs o..
an dos a... q r-..f fa.v aAas uaa.a
hnd .r.. HE..'H .r.rr.-I 40 first rssa-r1s
a.. o-s, ...1. % % ..s.-. ..l after agEE.!-Ea
uoH SO v-I t4 EaI L.s .s..-y
CH uTru 90 -,,a a, pay TO Denver.
the .f'T r.arr-r fE. r.ar.-.nr dos. r.a-4
o. be Ers..fa. s.H al4.. -.aUfar1 LrtEs
from q i--4aH ..s-v..r utsEy aa..EE 70
CHAPTER uI --rraas ming, over.
ne t7a..a g. "a A. -.T f.r-r may Re uHfar-
'hirs ln mo- s. an...a.arr.B brl.rsJ worth
While. Hs a-r4 s.a.y .ru.r..r : ga ne
poss....s al u-s..-. a. ale Trg1s.-
tory lie ll rE Tie uaTTauss ra the
tfaar. No. 90. claims THAT E.s 'rl.p.z tras-
s!sf "ap r"l-..E ~. s...vr. Charles h--.
ilga. Htf .srr % r~- s.-r 90 hrwa- -9a
I-;.-5.. isai1, s7e SO 10 r.a.e D. proceed t.
CHATTER Is -Dr he station platform
Al An"Ja. .-' 10 rne EH.H 9..a.r nrs'
TIA H.--- ana a.s lsa. r.a,I rr a.s
the tra az r.a .rEr r' = Aa-~ls There
flar~rs.Ie no arr. eaton Jrsal" 90
ssrgrs .nr.... a.. r nd aHns fu taET IT,
70 Pa ~Fs.I E....a ... -s.E'n IrH-
str1.I.nn ... az 70 #i~7 .~... .rE irs .En
that he IS a.Ea'.g arurr rl
CHAPTER v-r4rr.ol. no abandon,
the ca a...r .H asrr. ...l art rr.ap-E on
foot .u 's tar r.-a he .a a.--'aa.s en-
By srI or f..rs-.ra.s b. and THE d"E
After 10 saI lt.Es H.H prrarn. o.. HHe lU-
yitsn him ra lT- home. az '-r Hli CHINA
bar mine. 20 meet her father
CHArTER -Bra4sh,oa'- hosts are
Hiram TasguuTy cIrrIaHsr Of tie mine.
snd his dAeEr'nr TrlnIs Seeing rho girl.
Stamford "a earr1ri hr has .Dsalrl ais
property but docs mot reveal his ifsnu'y
CHATTER vu %er, morning. win
Hiram. he siU.ra Tho -'Hr % ra Do asks
him 70 lu9- over the raa0r.uary. ard Hs
jssn's. 'u vaoru Re .n' home Inter.
.sts1. and he Engages IH the nrst real
~ork he has ever done,
CHAPTER VII -Rrourh,nr and Hiram
get ne I...ur started. but are unable In
nakr H- ."..--rT.un on f.e ws'er Dul-
lcriDr HTr" rH~rlV nu u.I TT.srG OF frr
TWoUn.gr. s.aris me m.rs. Iir nr,rs
tsn's giving hm EffsH.ur PEI cent OF ths
properly Stanford TrEEsrE Then UGll-T.
ton Offers ia buy the mine outright fHr
G1rn Il Rad cost HrggEHtau's ~ nd
ford again Frf4Era
CHArTEE IN -JsaEle caution, Trough.
ton HERt0af s"l.ng TIE m.Hs. under aHy
OF mischief aIIugyB him 10 sI-s her. After
ruU8 rrs8tluu villa Daddy Hiram,
BrouE hton decides he Will stick to the
property.
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17

Under cover OF the forest sat down
and waited and In a short time Daddy
Joined me, making an excuse for the
ScdGe-away that didn't mean anything
st all
Il got a claim over yonder in the
hight hand gulch-the one at wa
vorkin' when your gran'paw cana
along" he said. Though. mayb.
you'd Ike to mog over with me and
take n look at her"
or course, I said I'd be delighted
% We made detour around the Gin.
nabar. keeping out OF sight from the
cabin and shaft house. and pushing on
around the western slope for maybe
half mil. until we came to the gulch
IN which the abandoned claim lay.
Working entirely alone, Daddy had
driven a tunnel possibly a hundred feet
deep straight into the solid rock Of the
mountain side, following the thin vein
and hoping that II would widen into
Q pay streak" After he had led ma
few yards into the tunnel, he waved
me to seat on pile OF broken rock,
and took one himself with his back
against the opposite wall.
I'm gettin' just naturally so ! hate
. gosh-dummed crowd" he remarked.
switching suddenly from his talk of the
Abandoned claim. Feel sometimes Us
II I'd like TO swap skins with a con.
dummed gopher and duck plumb into
Q hole"
WELL" said l, grinninS at him.
you've ducked, for once in a way. and
% have !. What about ltT'
Charley BulIerton," he spa, out,
without further preface. That slick
tcngued word artist sure does get onto
ny nerves What-alls he tryin' to do
% you, anyway. Stannie7'
l didn't see any reason why he
shouldn't know, so told him all OF
II, from start to finish. offers, bully
ings, and threats but. OF course. moth
ing about the Jeanie factor.
Great Moses :" he calculated, at the
end of the sorry tale. why. gosh-to-
Nethusaleh Its hold-upl Do you
reckon he kin unwater the Gnnabarf
"Surest thing In the world. So
could you or l, II We had the money
to drive long drainage tunnel from
the lower slope"
The old man smoked along In
thoughtful silence for few minutes.
Then he said:
Bout that there tunnel job; some
thin like two hundred thousand, We
1ucerd that'd cost. with no bad luek,
didn't we. Stannie?'
That was the figure"
.And. first OF. Charley Fullerton
was willin' to give you nfty thousand
6se your rfghts-though now you say
hs's shaved 1t down to forty. That'd
Re1n an investment q q least tvs
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17
One Man,s sveesss
(Ceadnned Nee we'll

~ Atchisoo mans success d said
70 - due to his moving 31st snsugA
abest NV to keep out ef TIE eoareA
-Atchissa Globe.
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17

IrEMiZI=D ,TEnENT or WAR
RANTS i.,n-d from July .. 1891. ur
10 and Including December IL 1871
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17
Balance on hand

Dee 81. 1871
DR.. cr.
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
County Treasurer County, Coo Ending

Balance on hand
July ]. 1891
DR.. cr.
Gunnison news-champion., 1922-02-17

CHATIEE IN -JraEls CAUTIONS Trough.
ton HENtusr sT..Hz Tie m..s. under auy
Cirrur4s. and apparently iu spirit
OF misc hIrT. allows him to sI=H her. After
cons rrsBtlun villa Daddy Hiram.
BroqE Fton decides he will stick to the
property
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11

trarlv held back hundreds % thou
sands of intending lmu iErauls should
result n hardship to many .ndivid-
u1ls and severe strain on the
machinery of The imm.E grafton serv-
lee However. the characterlstica
humane action of Secy on Labor
DAVIS ln temporarily admittinE a
total of 25n0 excess quota immi-
grants as a measure of humanity:
tre patient and unremltting work
or our immigration officials az ports
Of arrival and the splendid coopera-
Iou OF American consular officers
ln Europa. made a humane and ef-
fective administration OF the law
possible. and. while tho quota law
has i-s faults. &c is doubtful wheth-
er by any other method the rur-
pose Of congress could be so effec-
lively carried out with so Ittle hard
ship on the Immigrants concerned.
Copyright 1922)
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11

cent OF our immigrants. Following
the advent OF southern and eastern
Europe az the chief source OF sup
ply. our immigration grew 20 un-
Frecedented proportions. and with
this development came widespread
and insistert demand for restriction.
Statistics showed that about one
third OF the immigrants who come
from these sources were unable 20
read IN any language and. accord
ingly. the sO-caled weapon OF the
restricdonists. The exclusion OF Mi-
terate aliens was aEitated in and out
OF congress for IS years and three
presidents. Cleveland. Taft and Will
son. vetoed bills which so provided.
but in 1917 it was added 10 the law
over Pres't Wilson's veto.
Following the world war. the de-
mand for further restriction became
so intense and unmistakable that the
House of Representatives responded
by passing a bin suspending prac-
ticaIy all immigration for a period
OF i months The senate was
more conservative. however. and
substituted the Dillingham; per cen
tum limit plan, which finally rre-
vailed and the so-called quota law. q"
which has provoked such widespread
interest during the past year. went
into effect on May 19. 1921. and re-
cent legislation has continued its op-
Grafton until June 80. 1924.
Briefly stated the Dillingham; act
provides that the number of aliens
OF any nationality who may be ad-
mitted TO the United States in any
fiscal year shall be limited to three
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11
OUTRACES OSTRICH
IN EATING EVENT;
CHALLENGES CHAMP

NEW YORK. Aug 1O.-CBy
T.. PD-Dudwig Consume. open
champion eater OF the world. to-
day disputed the claim OF J. 3.
Chase. New Orleans. 70 the craw-
FISH eating championship OF the
universe.
He amt ate nothing" said
Consume OF Chase. when told
that the southerner had got
away with FIVE buckets OF craw-
fish. "Tll show him"
Consume said ne became
champion eater or the world
when he out-ate an ostrich.
The ostrich and I stood side
by side and started eating" he
said. II got away with 12O crabs
in six minutes and 20 eeconds.
Then swallowed Il dozen
eggs. shells AMI al. and eight
ioaves Of bread and a ham. The
ostrich collapsed after an hour
and a half.
II ate the ostrich for lunch
the mex; day.
"B.'rC on Mr.. Chase"
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11
immigration Restrictions Halt
Influx of Foreign Workingmen

there have been periods Of storm
and calm during the more than three
centuries which have interviewed,
nevertheless the same controversy,
involving practically the same fac
tors. has continued down 10 the
present time and there is every
promise that 1t Will go on indefinite
ly.
When the second contingent Of
settlers came TO the Massachusetts
coast II was said by one OF their
predecessors that they were lin all
appearances not fit for an honest
mans company" Only last week at
Ellis Island a thoughtful American,
looking at a typical group of rres-
ent day immigrants undergoing in
spection, said TO me us there no
possible way of keeping this class Of
people out Of the country?" Ii has
been the same from the beginning
and probably will so continue as
long as America continues TO attract
the people OF other lands.
The open Door.
Practically all of the colonies en-
acted restrictive immigration laws.
some of which clearly reflect the
fears and also the intolerance Of
the founders, but the new republic
took an opposite course and for
century following the Revolutionary
war maintained an spen door rolicy
with respect 10 all classes and con-
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11

Men ana women find thai they are
not as active as formerly. Ooa-
sior7IIy a twi-ch OF rheumatism re-
minds them ot zheir loss or youth
and again a fairly young person viii
have a severe attack OF this nerve
racSiug complaint. I4ANDOS PRBS-
CRIPTION 1903 has given reEsf IN
stantly and benefited permanently
hundreds OF such csseA 4 trial bot
tie put up 20 your order VIII o-on-
vince YOU Prfce 81. Write or call.
LaEdOn Drug Co.. South Bend.
Adv-292-S.
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11

ground"
Then the Kansas City Telephone
Company posted this notice at the
Benton exchange:
Girls OF this exchange must not
wear dresses which come higher
than two inches below the knee.
Pink things. or all description, to-
gether with underneath laces, must
not show through ope9-work sweat
ers or revealing waists. Waists
must have sleeves q modest length" ."
Inspector Fitzsiramcns has been
deluged with letters Of protest. Cops
with yardsticks don't object 10 meas
uring legs-but their wives do. An
other puzzle Is what's 10 be done III
the case OF short ladies whose knees
are less than II incres from the
ground
The asitated inspector has ap-
reaisd TO the won,en's clubs for
guidance.
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11
POLICE INVESTIGATE
KIDNAPPING OF WORKERS

EVANSVILLE, Ind, Aug 10
(By L. P)-Police today investi-
gated the alleged kidnapping and
beating OF three nOnuniOn shopmen
within the past three days. Ac-
Cording 70 one OF the men. Stephen
Sutton. he and a companion were
forced into a machine, he was beat
en up on a road between Evansville
and Henderson. Ky He was taken
TO a Henderson hospital
A second man. Roy c. Jenkins,
was found badly wounded on an
ether road, police said. He was left
lying in the roadway after men had
taken him there Ia a machine and
had beaten him up.
jenkins after his wounds were
dressed married Miss Rosa Glenes
Of Norris City. III.
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11
HANG ASSASSINS
OF GEN. WILSON
AT LONDON JAIL
Hundreds of Irish h Sympa-
thizers Spend Night Pray
ing Near Death Cells.

LONDON. Aug. 1O.-CBy 7. ". 50
Reginald Dunn and Joseph O'sul-
Ivan. assassins Of Field Marshal Sir
Henry Hughes Wilson. chief OF the
British imperial general staf. were
hanged in the yard OF Wandsworth b
jail this morning just 80 days after
the crime was committed.
The jail was under heavy guard
of soldiers throughout the execution.
Hundreds OF Irish sympathlzers had
spent the night IN adjacent streets
Teciting prayers and singing hymns.
Squads OF mourners passed back and
forth before the Jail carrying lighted
candles
Die GameIy.
According TO the Jail wardens the
men died gamely and neither one
made a statement before the trap
vas sprung
The execution took place about 8
O'Clock.
The hoistlng Of a black flag and
the posting OF typewritten notice
on the prison gates We're the only
indications given 90 the large crowds
outside that the death sentence had
been carried out
According 20 custom both men
were awakened about $50 a. m.-
= they had been sleeping at all-by
the governor OF the prison. They
were offered their choice Of any
fhing they wanted for breakfast and
tobacco n they desired IT,
Cheerful Until Death.
Shortly after o'clock a priest ar
rived 10 say mass as both men were
Roman Catholics.
Just before S o'clock a procession
consisting OF the governor OF the
prison. priest. a hangman and the
hangman's assistant entered the
death ward. The final preparations
were made. the farewells spoken;
she mems arms piuioned: the black
caps drawn and then ,he scanold
and the end.
Frequently visited by relatives
both men have been cheerful since
sheir conviction In all their con-
Nersations they both maintained that
Hheir action was justified and thar
their only regret was that Dunn was
not allowed 10 read the statement
prepared at the time Of their trial.
Good Army Records.
To IS a curious thing that both had
first class records in the British
army O'SuIivan losing leg in the
fighting and both had been in state
employ since their discharge
The two did not even lose hope
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11

KANSAS CITY, Aug. 12-(By NEA
Service Police regulations OF legs
threatens 90 start a social revolution
In Kansas City.
Cops go around with ysrdsticks IN
their hands and a glad light OF en-
joyment in their eyes. greeting flap
pers thus.
Excuse me. lady. have you had
your less measured this morning?
Nouu pardon my stare. but that
LOOKS like more than mime inches TO
me"
The leg censor IS Lieutenant Wal
ter 4 Fits .mmons Inspector OF po-
lice Cwho. by the way is only 32)
He ard his coppets are expected TO
carry OUT an edi,t by The municipal
government that skirts OF all city
empioyes nurses. clerks stcnog-
raphers police marrcus and tele-
phone operators should "uot be
higher than nine inches from the
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11
To limit Influx.

The admitted purpose OF the law
is 20 limit immigration from south
ern and eastern Europe. vlthou. in-
terfering with the normal mSverrert
from the northern and we<tern Eu-
ropean countries. which IN imm.Era-
tion rarlance include the British
Isles. Scandinavia. Germany, France.
Netherlands Belgium and SWi-zer-
land. Prior 70 the war 900 coo or
more immigrants were admitted
from the first named sources in a
normal year but uDder the Dulrg-
ham act only 158.Z00 may be admit
ted annually from such sources. on
the other hand the normal annual
immigration from the older sources
was only about 10000 prior 10 the
war. but the per centum limit law
viii permit 198. 900 20 come. During
the fiscal year only about 100000
immigrant aliens were admitted. but
ending June 90, 1922. southern and
eastern European countries used
more than 95 percent OF their al
loted quota, while the older sources
named sent us less than so percent
Of the number allotted 20 them.
OF course. II was inevitable that
the operation OF a law which arbi-
South Bend news-times., 1922-08-11
BY w. W. HUSBAND,
Commissioner General of Immi grafton

II is doubtful whether any other
American problem presents so many
difficult and even bewiidering as
Eects as does the problem or immI-
grafton. Economics, politics. the
public health and other fundamental
factors OF our civilization enter into
the equation. and with such a con-
glOmeratiOn Of interests in the cru
chile ii is obviously a difficult, If not
task. to evolve a policy
which will be even measurably sat
isfactory to that many sided entity
commonly called the public.
This immigration controversy be
gan with the first settlement in Vir-
ginia and assachusetts, and while