Evening journal., 1922-01-09
RELAND,S STRUGGLE
FOR FREEDOM BEGAN
hDAXS OFHEINRY VII
Sim Fein, Aided BY English Labor Party
Finally Wins-Somefhing Gained Each
Time-SeUen Distinct UpriSings During
DIferences-Terms of Treaty Setting
Up Free State

creation OF the ifiSn free STATE u
rovided for in the treaty signed b,
ionth in London. Its provisions II
abstance are:
Ireland shall have the same con
sttutional status in the British
Empire as the Dominion OF Can
ada. the Commonwealth Of Aus
tralia, the Dominion OF New zea-
land and the Union OF South
Africa.
Ireland shall be known Off
clally as the Irish Free state,
with A Parliament having pow
ers for the government Of the
country as executive responsible
TO that Parliament.
a provisional eovernment is
to be set up. TO function until an
Irish Parliament and a govern
ment Of the Irish Free State
shall be constituted, but no
longer than twelve months at
the outside.
The treaty stipulates that
representative Of the crown
shall be appointed for ireland in
the same manner as the Gov
ernor- General OF Canada.
ireland is given control over
az Governmental affairs and is
entitled 10 an army. which shall,
however. not be larger in pro-
portion to Ireland's population
than the. British Army is to
the population OF Great Britain.
one OF the first steps. by virtue
raatification by the Dali. will be
tie withdrawal OF the British
forces from ireland.
ulster is included within the
scope OF the treaty. but provis-
ion is made for her TO declare
herself out within one month
after an act OF the British Par
liament ratifying. treaty, and
10 continue under the present
regime as providdenth Govern
ment OF Ireland Act. in 1929. In
that case. however, a boundary
cemm ission is 10 be named 10
determine the boundary be-
tween Northern Ireland and the
rest OF ireland.
The Irish Free state will as
sumo what may be decided by
agreement or arbitration as
fair and equitable proportion OF
the public debt OF the United
Kingdom. and is to afford har-
Dor facilities to British naval
forces under terms to be fixed
by a convention between the
two Governments.
Safeguards arc provided for
FRS edom OF religion and educa-
ton within both the Irish Free
state and Northern Ireland.
Formal ratification OF the pact
on the part Of ireland. it Is
provided by the treaty. shall be
at meeting summoned for the
purpose Of the members elected
under the Government OF Ire
land Act. 10 sit in the House of
Commons OF Southern ireland.
These members. with a few eN-
ceptions. are the same as those
ofthe Daii Eiresnn.
The British Parliament approves
the treaty last December l6. b.
iouting the reply 20 the speecl
oni the throne. requesting such ap
oval. Various formslitles OF for
al ratification. however. still re
ain TO be complied with in orde
conform to the terms OF the docu
cnt.
To get as near to absolute free
,om as she has, Ireland has tough
he British crown since the days ,
enry WILL This warfare has cor
nued without long interruption. fe
ven when prone and starving. ur
bic TO fire a pistol or lift a fis
reland has fought for independents
1t started even furthr back tina
Ienry. who. after an. merel
rought TO a head the fostering hal
hat had its inception in the rivalI
etween the Irish kings and N
eudal barons who came from n
BY way of markin
pochs in Ireland's fight for freedol
even definite uprisings might Z
tied. There were others-mar
'thers, TO be sure, but these seve
tand out.
First there was the Shane O'NeI
'ebellion in 1851 That COLLAPSE
when this O'Neill was killed in 1856
Then the Geraldine rebellion thI
anne to nothing in 1868. Again q
)'Neills sounded the call to arm
n 1898. and there was fighting 'mo
or less continuously for four year
In 1871 Roger O'Moore and Ow,
Roe O'Neill led the rebellion. an
The warfare continued until Oliv
,romwell became England's dictate
Charles the Second sought TO dri'