The herald., 1922-04-13

existed i'm this island paradise were a
few birds. Through colonization Ma
deira and Porto Santo were soon
peOpled and today the former has a
density OF population nearly three
times that of the mother country,
Portugal Then began the pouring into
Madeira Of the floral good things Of
the earth, procedure which has
made 1t wonderland for bOtanists. OF
primary economic importance was the
introduction Of sugar-cane from Sicily.
Soon very important sugar industry
brought in from Crete. and by the time
Of the American Revolution the IA
nous Madeira wine had shouldered
sugar from its place of Importance.
Not a Prosperous People.
In spite of the wonderful climate
and soil of Madeira, It's inhabitants
are not very prosperous. This fact is
probably chiefly due to the marked
density Of the population. TO the lack
of an adequate educational system,
and to the brake applied TO initiative
by some Of the governmental and fis-
cal regulations. Because of the pres
sure of population many of the young
people have emigrated during the past
few decades. Illiteracy is widespread.
The people Of Madeira have many
strains In their blood. Italians, Jews,
Moors, negro slaves, and English have
all contributed elements, but the
Portuguese have always been incom-
parably the most important factor,
and the resulting men and women are
undeniably dark, swarthy sons and
daughters of Portugal. Members Of
the upper classes are courtesy itself.
After wine production, Madeira's
most important industry" Is its tour
list traffic. For more than half a Gen.
fury the island has been the sun-parlOr
Of the English, the white officials from
the African colonies, and numerous
Europeans. But to most Of the tour
lists Madeira is Funchal, the little city
Of $4,000 population which nestles,
/ NihtC, a OlS
ter on the south side Of the island and
which has many Of the modern facili-
ties which the outside world expects.
Funchal's harbor is only a roadstead.
but II Is never deserted, for the city
lies at an ocean crossroads Of the
routes that lead between the Strait of
Gibraltar and the West Indies and
South America, and between South
Africa and England. And 1t had In
pre-war days lines that piled directly
to England, the Canaries, the Azores
and Portugal.
The precipitous streets Of Funchal
compelled the use Of sledges instead
Of wheeled vehicles in the early days
and these quaint and primitive We.
hicles are still In use. The motive pow.
er is usually supplied by oxen and
some of the sledges are luxuriously
fitted out with elaborate canopies. A
primitive vehicles not surpassed BY
that from the racing automobile, fol
II is customary In descending from
the hills TO coast down over the cob
blestOnes on small sleds with CREASED
runners. One of the regular excur
sions for tourists In Funchal. ever
though they stay In the island but |,
few hours, is trip to an elevation o.
1900 feet above the harbor by co,
railroad and an exciting slide down
Walkers climbing the hills about tn,
city regularly arrange to have silver,
sleds" meet them at certain points OF
the heights that they may coast bacl
TO the lower levels.
Funchal's cog railroad gives access
to several level roads which win,
about the faces Of the hills back O.
the city affordlng excellent views O
the city and roadstead below. Open
Ing upon these and farther up near tn,
terminus of the railroad are the SHOW
places of the city. In some of thes,
Villa estates are to be found gardens
of flowers and shrubs and trees who's,
beauty Is probably unsurpassed any
where In the world