davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

sculptures By Miles, besides works
by many other artists OF wide repu.
tation. Two Of Edstrom's works
he noted. the Athlete" head, In
golden bronse. and q small figure
Of ''Fisrcdles a. q Child" He
promised himself to return next
year for . more careful study, and
only regretted that the museum
has at present no catalogue Of the
paintings.
Others who offered to assist In
the Swedish exposition at Wash.
ington were Mrs. Ferdinand Bo-
berg. a famous Swedish artist.
who IL a member of the Pittsburs
Artists, and Carl Ericsson, who is
noted for the production Of indus.
trial arts.
The language Of both Danes ana
the swedes, 40 they speak It in un.
guarded nome Is. rapidly and flu.
entity, has q wonderful music to Il.
= sing'song rhythm quite impos-
sibis TO the present.day English,
ana resembling many OF the pas
sases In Shakespeare's plays,
which We today seldom render cor.
ready, for DnsIish In shaisespears's
time wa. spolRen more rapidly ana
fzAusicaily than now. A year OF
study Of Swedish would sive one
. key to q beautiful modern liter.
aturs and also provide a practics,
clue to the Angio-saxbn classics.
which form the basis OF swedish.
- we'll - English.
vSsm oopsnhassa g1ambsau
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

Z
possessions. the extension Of rural
delivery since it's establishment in
1895 having caused q decrease
from the high water mark Of 7s,.
945 offices in 1901.
What 10 the life Of the postal
worker in the most remote sta
tions Of the great servicsf In
the Far North the mailman" ID
usually not called upon to make
extensive overland trips more
than once or twice during the
long winter night. These trips,
however. are fraught with i'm.
mense hardship and danger.
ONE TRIP A SEASON.
Working from the seacoast pos.
stal station At Tahana. Alaska,
from which stations In the bleak
interior Of northern Alaska are
served. the dog sledges which
carry the mail must travel 500
weary. perilous miles overland to
the "farthest north" office, at
Point Barrow. One trip q win
ter to this Office 10 q seasons
work for the mailman on that
route.
The trip means weeks upon
weeks Of the most arduous tfav.
cling. in utter lonliness. with
only the savage. half wild dogs
OF the team a. companions. all
the time under the pail Of the
long Arctic night. only relieved
by the shifting. terrible glory Of
the northern lights.
Many cases are on record
where mail carriers. travelling
behind their dog teams. have
been caught in deadly blizsards
and lost. In almost every case
the mail has been rescued by
searching parties and taken
through to its destination
Eighteen years ago q young
driver set out to push the mail
through from the seacoast to
an isolated station in the IN.
terror Of tie country. A terrible
blixzard set in shortly after his
departure and the man and the
dogs were lost. A searching
party set out Immediately after
the storm. and after two days
Of searching. found the young
man aimlessly wandering through
the wilderness. That was .ieht.
cen years ago. Today he still
remains In an asylum Tor the in.
sane. his mind completely un-
balanced By his hardships and
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

The postal system has long
been famed as the worlds big
gest business. It employs $685.
900 men and women, with one
postal employe to every 30S peo-
pie in the United States.
The service is carried on under
almost incalculable hardship in
the more remote sections Of the
nation. The hottest place In the
United States Is Death Valley.
Cal, where temperature in ex-
cess Of 1s4 degrees was recorded
last summer.
Postal employees work regularly
n temperatures as high as 120
degrees. in the more desert por-
tious Of Arizona around Yuma
ana Phoenix This terrible heat
does not delay delivery OF the
mails.
At the other extreme Is the saw
are cold Of the Arctic night,
which holds in its iron grip for
nine months out Of the year the
farthest north office, at Point
Barrow. Alaska. where the polar
star stands almost vertically
overhead and whore for six
months the sun never shines, or
barely skirts the horizon, throw
ing q wan light over the miles
Of icebound Arctic plain.
CALLS FOR HEROIsM.
Despite the dark and the deadly
cold, where temperatures OF 20
and 50 degrees below zero are
common and records az low an 80
degrees below zero have been
made, the mails travel eerily be-
hind teams Of silent wolf.like dogs.
Through gales and fog. intrepid
air mail flyers battle the elements
far above the earth, crossing the
backbone Of the continent"
where failure means death. that
the mails may be speeded on to
their destination.
Through the most terrible
storms known to the seven seas
postal workers sort the mail in
the ''ssa postoffices."
Postoffices run the entire archi.
tsctural samut, from q tiny. one
room. roushly-constructed shack
Of unpainted boards. in the wilds
OF the Maine woods, to the beau
tiful marble structure which II
enc Of the beauty spots Of the
National Capital.
There are today 51.s47 postof-
hoes In the United States and It's
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

gress established the postoffice.
with Benjamin Franklin ~ the
first Postmaster General. Samuel
Osgood. of Massachusetts. was the
first Postmaster General under
the Constitution. There have been
. .forty-fivs PostmasterS General
from Osgood to Hubert Work.
Post riders ana stage coaches
were the earliest means Of trans
porting the mails In, this country.
The expansion Of the nations
frontiers over the Apalachians into
the fertile lands beyond and finally
across the Mississippi brought the
advent Of the picturesque pony
express" which carried the mails
BY literally riding the gauntlet"
through the savagely hostile In
dian nations. including the dreaded
Sioux and Apache lands.
~PONY EXPRESS" ENDS.
The period following 1855 usher
ed in the transition from the stage
coach to the rail car a. a means
Of transporting the mails. the
days Of the pony express and the
prairie schooner" slowly coming
to an end a. the steel highways
were pushed from coast to coast.
The railway mail car was finally
adopted in 1864. and there are to-
day more than 100000 miles of
track over which the mail II car
ried daily, .
The enormous strides made BY
The Washington times., 1922-12-10
CONTINUED from Page ~

fur money must have nstted thou
sands. n not millions Of kronen.
Dwsdish money II still the best
n Durops. the crown being worth
81 cents, more than the American
quarter OF the British shilling.
While ewedish paper money aiso
xnaintains this rate. the Danish
money has dropped to something
ovsr four crowns TO the American
0ellar. and the Norwegian crown
70 more than five to the dollar.
nut In SILVER and copper coin the
three countries, BY . mutual
agreement. accept each others
money at the same rate, and Il
pAssss current svsrywhsrs.
Madame Andrsassn Lindberg
showed an American snthusiAsm
Ssr the exposition plans. for she
wAs educated In America first in
Omaha then At the Art Instituts
q Chicago, before returning to
study In copsnhassn and Paris.
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

the terror Of the storm. The
doES. which had broken away
and scattered. rsvsrting to the
wild life Of the wolves from
which many Of them descended.
were never found. The slelge
and the mail were. And that
was delivered but little behind
its schedule.
ALL THAT FOR Seoe.
Despite the terrible hardships Of
conducting the Arctic postal sta.
tions. the spostmasters ere paid
mere pittances. often not more
than $500 or $500 q year. From
this sum they must purchase fuel
to keep the offices warm. This
item often takes more than half
Of their entire pay. . burden un-
known to the more literally paid
postmaster In the desert sections.
A. 10 generally known. . great
deal Of the sorting Of mail II done
by railway mail clerks while the
mail - travelling from one part of
the country to another. This work
10 now being done on mail steamers
plying between United States
ports and al the great foreign
ports Of the world.
Formerly eli the mail for the
country or countries served from
the port Of call was merely put
aboard the steamer and delivered
untouched. the sorting for various
localities consuming hours at the
seaport before the mail could be
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

based on first class matter, that
In. on letters or other sealed or
written matter. The rates
charged were on single sheets
of writing paper. This was be-
fore the envelope was in use, and
when the sheets were folded In
the shape of an envelope and
sealed with wax. The postage
rates, varied according to dis
tance. from six cents per single
sheet. for not exceeding thirty
miles, to rs cents per single
sheet for distances greater than
$50 miles. These rates were
multiplied by the number Of
sheets used, and the number Of
honey-coated love letters would
not have furnished one. let alone
a half-miilion lawyers. with suf-
ficient divorce cases to give him
a living.
In 1S45 legislation was enacted
which made any letter not weigh
ing more than a half-ouuce
single letter." without regard
to the number Of sheets It con-
tained. and established a cent
rate for distances under three
miles.
RATES GO DOWN.
In 1851 the above rates were
reduced to cents for any dis
tance less than 800 miles. IL pre-
paid, and s cents II not prepaid.
and. for a greater distance, 8 cents
IL prepaid and 10 cents II not
prepaid.
In 1S47 the postage stamp was
officially adopted and placed on
sale July /. 1s47. at New York. In
1s4s the sales total was $50. $50
stamps: in 1890. 2.21s.7s7. 7.oso; and
last year there were issued to post.
masters 100000. 900 adhesivo
postage stamps. l.1o0, 900. 900
postal cards. 2.sss.ooo.o stamped
envelopes. and 7o.soo.ooo news
paper wrappers.
In 1855 the prepayment Of post
age was made compulsory. and in
1858 a uniform rate of 5 cents for
single letters not exceeding q half
ounce in weight was adopted for
Ill distances. Twenty years later
the Scent letter rate was Adopted.
During the world war a 1-csnt
tax was added to the cost of letter
and post card postage for war
revenue. the old rates being re-
sumed June 30. 1919.
Today the Postoffics Depart.
mont has an annual turnover Of
about $4,000. 100000 and It's ex.
psnditures are about 100000. 900.
In short. the United States
postal service has richly earned
Its title Of "ths greatest business
institution IN the world" and Is
pointed out in all parts Of the
world a. one Of the greatest
achievements of any government
In human history.
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

aviation during the world war re-
suited in the establishment Of the
first regular airmail route In the
world on May Is. 1918. between
Washington and New York, a dis
tancs Of 200 milss. The flight was
made on O schedule Of two hours.
Before the days Of steam en-
gines IN early post rider. carrying
news of Congress to New York,
made q recod trip Of fifteen hours.
by using relays Of horses running
at full speed for q distance OF five
miles.
Today the mai II being carried
from the Atlantic to the Pacific
coast by airmair in q flying time
Of approximately twenty-seven
hours. over q distance of 1928
miles. The airmail service cover
ed 100000 miles last year and
carried $4,000. 900 letters.
SPECIAL DELIVERY.
In 1885 free delivery Of mail
was undertaken in forty-nine cities.
with 80 carriers. In 1880 there
were. 4s4 cities having free de-
livery Of mali. with s.oe6 carriers.
According to latest figures there
are approximately 5000 city de-
livery postofficss and more than
$4,000 carriers.
Special delivery Of mail was in
auGurated In 1855.
The Postoffice Department IL an
extensive user Of the automobile.
It owns and operates more than
1000 In the collection and delivery
of mail IN cities alone, and very
much larger number operate un-
der contract. The regular use of
the automobile In the postal serv-
Ice dates back only to 1907.
The FIRST rural routes. three in
number. were established in 1896
in West Virginia In 1900 there
were 1889: in 1905. s2,11o; IN
1919, 4f,1ss: and today there are
4l.0o7. Rural routes now in oper-
alton cover . total mileage Of
l,lSz, 900 miles and the number
Of patrons served 10 more than
10000. 900.
There are now about 1900 oon-
tract mail. or star routes. ssrv-
ing communities not reached by
rail or rural routes.
The parcel post system was
established January 1. 1913. after
nearly q half century Of asita-
ton. It has grown In that brief
time to the immense parcelcarry.
ing capacity Of 5000. 200, 900 par
cells q year. 1t IL greater than
all the combined express COM
panies in the country. ~
HOW THE JOB GROWS.
The total number Of pieces of
mail matter Of all kinds handled
in 1sl7 was l2l,178.4so. In 1913.
when the last estimate was made,
there were s7.44s.1so. pieces
handled. II II estimated thar to-
day more than 1.soo. 900 letters
are handled each hour Of the day
/. in the postal service.
The first postage charge was
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

office" goes back to the earliest
known means Of carrying mes
sases by couriers. With the an.
Client Romans the place where the
relay was effected was marked BY
post beside the road. From this
practice the present nams was de.
rived.
; The first colonial postmaster In
the United. States was Richard
Fairbanks. who conducted an office
In q house in Boston in 1889 to
receive letters from ships. In
July. ITS. ths Continental CO..
The Washington times., 1922-12-10
HARDSHIPS COUNT
LITTLE WHEN DUTY
MUST BE PERI FORMED

Postal Employees Work Regularly in Arid South
west, Where Temperature Registers l20
Degrees, and i'm Frozen Alaska, Where Ii May
Fall to 80 Below-Airmen Carry Mail Over
Mountains Where Failure Means instant
Destruction and Never Neglect Tasks.
The Washington times., 1922-12-10

WI in
in
lcn In
onoMo kNom:J p in q IE go.
The Washington times., 1922-12-10
put aboard trains for its ultimate

put aboard trains for its ultimate
destination.
ROMAN "PosTs" WE'RE POSTS.
This work IL now done entirely
aboard the steamers. the sorted
mail going directly from the steam
er to the railroad. thus saving
hours.
The story Of the postal service
is one Of the most vitality interest
ing In the history OF human devel.
opment-
The origin Of the name post.
The Washington times., 1922-12-10
MAIL. SERVICE HAS
BECOME GREATEST
OF ALL ENTERPRISES

Ever Since Days of "P0ny Express" Depart
ment Has Been a Pioneer I'm Increasing Eff
cheney and Rapidity of Service ce-SteamShips,
Automobiles, Railway Trains and Planes All
Utilized to Make Communications Prompt
and Useful Through All Parts of Country.
The Washington times., 1922-12-10
BY JOSEPH EDGERToN.

ROM the burning sands Of the American desert to the
forsaen Of the deepest Arctic Uncle Sam has
built his giant chain Of postal stations From these
remotely separated stations matter what the dangers
hardsps risk their lives carrying the mails which often
furnish the only ties binding farhes settlements to civil
izaton.
Giant liners and electric railroads. automobiles
stage coaches dog reindeer drawn sedge and other forms
Of transportation pressed into the service Of Uncle Sam
In carrying the alimportant mail.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-03-11
LOOKS AHEAD TO
FUTURE, IGNORES
GREB'S CHANGES
Tommy Gibbons Plans TO Take
Them All, Then Tackle
Champion Plugger.
BY HENRY L. FARRELL.
United Press STAFF Corresponds


NEW YORK. March 10.-Tom
Gibbons speaks OF future plans as
if there were no such person as
Harry Greb.
The st. Paul boxer looks upon
Monday nights encounter with the
"Pittsburg Windmill as merely HIS
official debut in New York and his
long waited start.
When the offer was first made by
the committee staging the show
Eddie Kane his manager, told him
he couldn't set much money.
offer plenty. Easy fight" Glib
hons wired back. He still fe>ls the
same way. His confidence and the
great form shown in HIS training
have installed him as an 70 5 fav-
orite and perhaps he will be TO l
when he goes in the ring.
Dempsey, Eventually.
Greb hasn't been looking so good
fin his training lie doesn't appear
to be in the best OF shape but his
friends explain that he never has
been q hashy gym worker.
Gibbons is looking toward a
Dempsey fight next summer but he
plans to crowd plenty OF big work
in the interim
Brennan next. Then Tunney for
the American light heavyweight
title Carpenter next for the worlds
championship and then Dempsey"
is the way Eddie Kane has il map
ed out.
Feelers have already been sen:
out by London promoters for a
Gibbons-Carpentier contest in the
British capital.
Madison Square Garden will be
far too small 70 accommodate the
crowd that wants 10 see Monday
nights bout. Not a reserved seat
ticket is available now without pay
ing twice the face value.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-03-11
WABASH WILL MEET
KAZOOKS IN FINALS
Little Giants and Kalamazoo
College to Decide National
Title Tonight.

INDIANAPOLIS Ind. March DO
Wa bash. claimants of the Indiana
championship. defeated Mercer. rum
ner-up IN the southern iutercoIIe-
giate meet, and Kalamazoo. Michi-
gan state champion. won from tho
Grove city college team of Peuusyl-
vania. in the semi-dnals Of the ma
tional intercollegiate basketball tour-
nament here Friday night. Bv vir-
tue OF their victories Friday night.
Wabash and Kalamazoo viii meet In
the finals Saturday night for the
championship.
In the first semi-hnal contest FRI
day night. Wabash won from Mercer
by a top-heavy score OF 90 20 %.
The Wabash players opened with "a
strong attack and quickly run up "a
commanding lead After the FIRST
ten minutes of play. wabash second
string men We're put into the con-
test and held the southern team ar "a
safe distance. The regulars were
put back into the contest for the
last FIVE minutes OF play.
Kalamazoo had little trouble disc
posing OF Grove City by "a score q
% 10 Il Kalamazoo exhibited a
superior passing game and was
never In danger Of being headed
Idaho university and illinois
Wesleyan were eliminated from the
tournament ia the first round play
Thursday night
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-03-11
WINGATE HIGH SCHOOL
WITHDRAWS FROM MEET

LAFAYETTE. Ind, March 10
The Wingate high school basketball
team has withdrawn from the re-
glonal tournament, 70 be held at
Purdue. Saturday. according TO an
announcement made by Director OF
Athletics y. A. Kellogg. late Friday.
Three men on the Wingate squad.
Winton Smith, Dorsey Kinden and
Roy Ludlow. were ruled ineligible
Friday afternoon by A. L. Trester.
secretary OF the Indiana state high
school athletic association. on
charges OF playing independent bas-
ketbail this season. Sickness Of
two other members OF the squad
made il necessary for the Wingate
officials 10 withdraw from the tour
nament. The Wingate team was
scheduled 10 play Fishers at $50
o'clock Friday night az Purdue in
the last game OF the regional tour
nament here. II is possible that the
Fishers team will be awarded the
game on a forfeit.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-03-11
Sport Summary
BY United Press

PARIS - Carpenters condition
following a slight operation is not
considered serious in France. He
will meet Ted Lewis after a short
rest.
NASHVILLE - Stranger Lewis
wrestling champion. threw Joe Pet
rolf with a deadlock in one hour
and twenty-three minutes.
NEW YORK-To prove that Kid
Norfolk was not felled with a
phantom blow Harry Wills is
having an X-ray taken Of an in
jured right hand.
NEW YORK-George Duncan
and Abe Mitchell, British pro-golf
stars. announce they will leave Eng
land June 2S for another tour Of
America. Sandy Herd and J. IT,.
Taylor Will open their American
tour at New Rochelle, July 19
PHILADELPHIA - Jack Kelly,
worlds sculling champion, will not
defend his Philadelphia challenge
cup this year. 1t will be put up for
Paul Costello, Philadelphia and
Walter Hoover. Duluth. who race
here on June 3.
ST. LOUIS-ROgers Hornsby
agreed to terms with the Cards and
leaves for the southern training
camp. Il IS new contract said 10 be
between $4,000 and $4,000
SAN ANTONIO-John McGraw IS
combining his attention 10 a new
batting order for the Giants. He Is
experimenting with Groh, Frisch
and Bancroft as leadon men.
JACKSONVILLE, Fla.-Wilbert
Robinson. manager OF the Brooklyn
Robins, Is trying 10 teach Sherry
Smith 70 throw an underhand ball
like Carl Mays. Smith had shoulder
trouble last season.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-03-11
BURNHAM'S SQUAD
MEETS TOUGH TEAM
IN CULVER TODAY
Local High School Five to
Meet Cadets at Culver-Ex-
pect Hard Game.

Coach Elmer Burnham will take
his orange and blue basketball
squad 20 Culver, Ind. this morning
for an important clash with the
Culver Cadets. The trip will be
made either by automobile or over
the Vandalia at 10 a. m. The local
mentor had the automobiles charter
ed Friday night but 1t IS very prob
able that he viii have TO abandon
his original intention and take the
train, due 20 bad roads and weather
conditions
Providing the men go over the
Vandalia, only seven members Of the
squad Will make the trip. Capt. Art
Scheer, Benny Edner, Ollie Ed
wards, Johnny Voedish and Nyikos
viii be the five who win start the
game. Russell Anderson and Vic
Ralston will be taken as relief men.
However. If the trip is made by mo-
tor, Mickey Buntman and Morris
Dome vii make the trip in addition
10 the other seven.
Capt. Art Scheer and other mem
bers OF the squad know nothing Of
the Culver style of play. The cadets
have defeated the strongest teams in
the Chicago prep league by comfort
able margins.
Judging from the manner in which
the locals ran through their signal
practice last night. the cadets had
better have a mighty good defense
IL they are TO hold their own against
the Benders. Then, too. while
Scheer and Johnny Voedish are not
likely 10 keep their opponents from
shooting throughout every stage OF
the game. they will surely not let
them have a second shot from an
easy angle.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-03-11
BILLY EVANS
Says

IF there is one thing that baseball
needs it is more speed.
Don't get me wrong 7 do not re-
fer TO speed on the bases or the de-
livery of the pitchers.
7 have i'm mind the general atti-
tude Of the participants. Dilatory
tactics have crept into the national
pasume that have no place on the
ball field.
The public likes action. even
though there may be much of the
phoney about it. Very often the
public does not get what it likes,
which Of course IS a direct slap at
the people who pay the way
George Cohan said something
when he remarked that if he owned
ball club there is one thing that
he would insist on, the players
would have TO hurry in and out at
the close OF the inning"
II certainly is much more pleasing
to the spectators to see the teams
show a lot Of pepper going 20 their
positions rather than having them
straggle out. and usually have one
player hold up the game while he
takes a little more time than the
rest.
often umpires are blamed for
slow games. Umpires. however.
cannot do the running for the play
ers. Neither can they make a slow
pitcher work fast or hurry up a
catcher in giving his signals.
Take your time" is the watch
word on a lot of major league clubs.
The theory is that the slower you
do most things on the ball field the
more effective they are. Since all
managers seem 10 have the same
idea any advantage is neutralized.
Ray SChalk is a popular catcher
because he is always full OF life. 1t
doesn't take him q minute 10 give a
signal Grover Alexander and wal
ter Johnson are the idols of the fans
because they work fast.
Baseball is going 20 profit i'm
mensely when the managers decide
that slow tactics are not of any par
ticular advantage and insist on their
players speeding up.