davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-12-30

Mr.. Watson: "Or to some gathering
for the purpose of determining the prob
lens. That is my part of the opinions
which l have expressed"
Mr. Borah: IF that is true I am
willing to withdraw the amendment"
Borah on withdrawal.
Mr.. Watson Il shall be very happy
to have the Senator from Idaho with
draw the amendment. but it has not
yet been offered"
Mr.. Borah: "Those opposing the
amendment do not wish me to with
draw it. if the situation is not as has
been understood"
Mr.. Watson: "I state my views and
my opinion from what / know concern
ing the situation. / am not here to say
that the President started out to call
a conference. A conference the like of
which the Senator from Idaho provides
for in his amendment. / am here to
say, however, that for the last two or
three months feelers have been put out
for ascertaining the situation and just
how far we could go, how far we might
be asked to go, how far other nations
would be willing to go in the adjust
ment of the situation. l do not know
to what length that process has gone.
l have never said word to the Secre-
tary of State about it, nor has he to
me. / offer my own conclusions from
some things that l know"
Mr.. Borah: But the Senator from
Indiana does know that those feelers
have been put out?"
Mr.. Mccormick: "Is it not matter
of public record in the newspapers
that conversations have been con-
tinued for three months looking to a
conference at Brussels, always pro-
vided that the Powers which assem-
bled would sit in conference at Brus-
sells for some basis of agreement on
which they could proceed?"
Mr.. Watson. IT have so under
stood
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Hnrvey's Mission.

Mr.. Mccormick: "And that falling
On such "a basis until now the confer
ence at Brussels has been postponed
from time to time?
Mr.. Watson: For what other pur-
pose would Ambassador Harvey have
been called out but to discuss the sit
uation and find out the conditions In
England and on the Continent as
well?"
Mr.. Borah: 1--WE can deal with this
matter in a candid way. do not pay
any attention to what the newspapers
say about the matter on one day, De-
cause the next day on higher author
ity their statements are always denied.
SO do not know l have very great
respect for newspapers, but of course
they have only one source OF informa-
tion in regard to the matter, ana that
is the high authority"
Mr.. Lodge: II think great zeal OF
complexity has been made out OF
very simple subject. / understand that
our Government in the usual way,
through its Ambassadors and Minis
,ers abroad. has been making inquiries,
holding what are technically called
versations--informal conversations
with a view to~ascertaining on the
mart of this Government whether there
was anything this Government could
properly do to improve financial con-
ditions in Europe"
Mr.. Borah: Economic conditions?'
Mr.. Lodge: Economic conditions"
Mr.. Watson: Economic conditions"
Mr.. Lodge: Those conversations
have been going on for some time
through the usual channels, those
channels being the Ambassadors and
Ministers Of the United States, and
such information as may be derived
from them assume always goes to the
state Department. I have not in
oulred what point has been reached;
| only know, as a matter of fact, that
the effort has been made TO ascertain
through those channels whether there
is anything this Government could
properly do to aid in the reestablish-
ment Of economic conditions and busi-
ness stability in Europe
Mr.. Borah: And the Senator is OF
opinion that II the amendment I have
offered should be adopted It would be
embarrassing TO those negotiations?"
Mr.. Lodge: "I think 1t would be
tarmful. yes"
Mr.. Borah: well, on the state
ment OF the chairman of the Foreign
Relations Committee. ] am willing to
withdraw the amendment"
Mr.. Watson: II am entirely willing
for the Senator to say no will not Of
fer the amendment on the statements
made by the Senator from Massachu-
sotts and the Senator from Illinois"
Mr.. Borah: ION the statement made
by the Senator from Illinois tMr. Nc
Cormick) and the statement made by
the Senator from indiana (Mr. Wat
SOM and the statement made by the
Senator from Massachusetts (Mr.
J.odge), am perfectly willing to de-
Nne to offer the amendment"
karlicr IT, the debate Senator Borah
man some rem2rks concerning the
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
WILLS SUMMER WHITE HOUSE.
baltimore Man Leaves 100000
for Home for Presidents.

BALTIMORE. Dec. 2o.--Provsion for the
erection of a summer White House for
tho use of the President OF the United
states liz made in the will of J. Wilson
Leakin. lawyer. The will was probated
here to-day.
For the purchase OF land and the
erection Of the building 100000 Is left
to the United States of America. The
site is TO be within automobiling dis
tance Of Washington. If the legacy is
not accepted by Congress within eigh-
teen months after Mr.. Leakin's death,
the 100000 Is to become part Of the
residue OF the estate.
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Naval Rivalry Halted.

"The conference put a stop to compe-
tition in capital ships--the great fight
ing ships of the rival navies. 1t put
an end to the existing competitive pro-
grams i'm capital ships. 1t established
the ratio based on existing strength and
took the measure OF that strength as
shown by the proportion of capital ships
built and in course of construction.
BASED on that standard of measure
ment and taking into consideration the
factor of age the treaty provides tor
capital ship tonnage OF the United States
to 500,650 tons. of the British Empire to
5SO,450 tons and of Japan to 301. 800
TONS the ships TO be retained to be
named in the treaty
"Fortfficd demonstrating TO find un-
fairness In these provisions of the treaty
there has been some criticism of the
agreement to maintain the status quo
with respect TO Notifications and naval
bases in the Pacific Ocean. The United
States. British Empire and japan agree
TO maintain this status quo In their re-
spcctive territories and possessions.
with respect to the United States
tbs means that we cannot, increase our
Notifications and naval bases in the
Philippines. Guam and the Aleutian
Islands we are free TO add to our
fortiiications and naval bases in the
Hawaiian Islands and in the islands
adjacent to the coast of the United
States, Alaska and the Panama Canal
Zone. except the Aleutian Islands.
ut Is hardly necessary to say that
every naval strategist has looked at
Guam as an island of great strategic
value. In fact. its position presents
such opportunities that commensurate
Qualifications and naval facilities. how
ever peaceful might be our actual In
tent. could hardly fail TO be regarded
as n menacing gesture of no slight con-
sequence.
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
WINDOW sMAsHER HuNGHy.

Samuel Bergen. arraigned before Judge
Rooney in the Newark police court yes
terday. told the court that he had thrown
brick through the window of Joseph
spinellfs barber shop at 307 Market
street because he was cold and wanted
to go to Jail and get something hot TO
cat. Judge Rooney held him in $500
ball for further examination.
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Tells of naval Treaty.

Mr.. Hughes dwelt upon the naval
treaty Noting that IL would not be in
force until all the signatory Powers had
ratified IL and the ratifications' been
exchanged. he said: Pending this II
Is agreeable to note that the papers
have been making their plans in con-
formty with its terms"
He gave the naval situation of each
Power since the promulgation of the
treaty as follows:
United States-Immedately after the
signing of the treaty the Government
of the United states suspended all work
on ships under construction. which will
be scrapped when the treaty becomes
effective. With the exception of the
Connecticut. which Is about TO be placed
out of commission, all battleships that
must be disposed of under the terms
of the treaty are now out OF commits
sion and are ready to be scrapped.
British Empire-By the treaty the
British Empire abandoned the construc-
tion Of the four Hoods which had been
projected. | am advised that OF the
twenty other capital ships which 1t was
provided IN the treaty should be
scrapped. fourteen have either been al
ready sold and removed by shipbreaking
firms for breaking up or have been
rendered incapable OF war service. and
two more OF these ships will be rendered
incapable Of war service before the end
OF this month.
Japan i am informed that Japan
has suspended work on the battleships
under construction for the scrapping OF
which the treaty provides also that
certain preliminary preparations have
been made so that the other ships des-
tined by the treaty for scrapping may
be scrapped as soon as the treaty be-
comes effective.
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Naval ana Political Facts.

but while naval facts are important.
political facts are just as important
The strategist Will accomplish nothing
without his Congress. The political con-
sequence of the action he desires cannot
be ignored. We have heard so much
from naval experts about Guam that
must refer to what Senator Lodge said
about this island during the debate In
the Senate on the naval treaty:
HE said that he had been "a good
deal amused at the agony OF apprehen-
sion which some persons have expressed
IN regard TO Guam We had taken that
island in the Spanish American war; IL
was taken by the cruiser Charleston.
But we had 80 little interest In tho island
that we had never passed any legisla-
tion to provide for It's government
1T had been left in the hands of the
navy which captured IL. The captain
of the ship represented the captors and
ruled the island. The Senator added
ttat we had never fortified it and no.
BODY would vote spending money in for
tifying IT,"
Auxiliary Vessels and Light Cruisers
The original American proposal con-
tomplated q limitation OF auxiliary com
batant craft In ratio similar to that
recognized by the treaty az to capita
ships. IL was proposed that the tom
mage OF auxiliary surface combatant
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
His Only Tribunal.

rThe time will never come when j de-
sire 70 offer a resolution in this body. or
when ! desire to offer bill, or when
desire to express my bill, that Will go
and ask permission of any one to dis
charge the duty which seems to me TO
devolve upon me here as n Senator. IL
I make a mistake. IL I am in error as TO
my course. settle II with my constitu-
ency, which Is the only tribunal before
which Il can be properly adjusted, and
i'm saying that l offer no dlsrespect
either to the President or to the Secre-
tary of state. but l am simply stating
my conception of the duty of Senator
IL do not understand that the rela-
tionship of the Senate to foreign affairs
Is such that Senator must not have
any views upon foreign question until
he receives his information and his per-
mission to have views from the Execu-
tive or the Secretary of state. That is
not the constitutional relationship which
exists.
"Only few days ago we celebrated
what was known as the fourth anniver-
sary of the signing of the armistice, In
some respects the most important event
since the beginning OF the Christian era,
but 1 thought saw In the last celebra-
ton something OF lack OF fervor.
thought there was an atmosphere OF
what you might call jaded formality
There seemed to be an unexpressed feel
ing that the whole thing was untrue;
trat there was nothing to celebrate.
AT the very time that we were offer
ing to celebrate the war clouds were
lowering upon the Near East. At the
very time we were celebrating the dip
Iomats and ambassadors OF Europe were
speaking OF another conflict, and we
were advised that the cause of that con-
flict was the inability OF France and
Germany, In the primary way. TO come
to an understanding with reference to
reparations, that was spreading discon-
tent and dissatisfaction and uneasiness
throughout entire Europe. We are adj
vised. furthermore. over and over again
that the United States must Inevitably
be affected by any conflict which should
follow. and OF course we all recognize
that fact Under those circumstances,
while we may differ az 20 the method,
IL cannot be possible that II Is not a
situation which calls for treatment at
this time"
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
France and italy Exempt.

THE treaty did not call for any
scrapping Of ships by, France or Italy
''1n short, pending the exchange of
ratincations of the naval treaty. the sig
ratory Powers are not only not ignor-
inE It's provisions. but are making arr
rangements faithfully to carry out It's
terms"
Mr. Hughes went on
New construction. Tho reten-
tlon by japan of She completed post
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Believes All Keep Faith.

81 am advised that the competent au-
thorities of our Government have no in
formation that any Power. pending the
exchange of ratfications of the treaty,
is proceeding contrary to these pro-
visions. .f
when tho conference was called
Great Britain and the United States
were pursuing different policies as to
naval construction. Our navy had
adopted the policy Of constructing new
capital ship tonnage without attempt
ing to modernze the older tonnage.
Great Britain had adopted policy of
modernzing her older capital ships and
she began to put this policy into effect
during the war. The result is that in a
considerable number Of British ships
bilges have been fitted. elevation of tur-
ret guns increased and turret loading
arrangements modified to conform to in
creased elevation.
by the reconstruction clauses OF the
treaty this system Is only partly stopped.
1t is recognized that It is entirely legiti-
mate TO allow suitable provision to be
made in the older ships for defense
against submarine and air warfare. Since
the signing of the treaty and keeping
strictly within its terms, Great Britain
has continued her policy of modernizing
her older ships to meet the dangers Of
air and torpedo attack.
"On the other hand 1t must be re-
membered that with the completion of
the two ships OF the West Virginia class
we shall have three post Jutland ships
with eight 16-ipch guns each. and also
the Tennessee and California of $4,000
tons with twelve 14-nch guns, which
were completed in 1891.
80 far as the United States is con-
cerned the ground of complaint seems
to be, not of the treaty standard. but
of the fact that the appropriations
which have thus far been allowed are
not deemed by our experts 70 permit
the personnel needed to maintain ade-
quately the treaty standard and do not
provide for the modernizaton work on
older ships to protect against air and
submarine attack-that Is. work which
may be done under the provisions OF
the treaty by the United States as we'll
as by other Powers.
Personally, l am strongly in favor
Of maintaining an efficient navy up to
the treaty standard This does not in
volve any injurious competition In bat
tleships. but simply makes possible the
work and equipment which maintains
the security and relative position con-
templated by the treaty.
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
success of washington Farley.

= Never" said Mr.. Hughes of the
Washington Conference. was there an
International gathering In which candor
and fairness more fully dominated the
intercourse of great Powers and where
intrigue, had less play. The large meas
ure of success attlined by the confer
ence was due to several factors:
"First--There were represented at the
conference small group OF Powers
dealing with problems in which they
lad common interests. There was a
minimum of dissipation of energy in
irrelevancies. Discussions were kept to
the point and we were saved the en-
barrassment of intrigues and cabals.
"Second-There was adherence to tho
proposal of single conference as orig
lnally presented.
"Third--It was the great privilege OF
our Government through its initial pro-
posal to lead the way in suggesting the
proportionate sacrifices which were es-
sential to an agreement for the limita-
ton OF naval armament, and thus at the
very outset to disarm suspicion and to
create the atmosphere essential to har-
monious endeavor
"Fourth-The representatives of the
Powers. intent on limited and practical
aims which they knew would contribute
to their peace and security, exhibited
n remarkable spirit of cooperation and a
mutual confidence rare In international
gatherings"
The New York herald., 1922-12-30

Presidents letter opposing his amend
ment for an economic conference.
1.-The Presidents letter OF yesterday"
he said. perhaps might be regarded as
sufficient Justification for me with
drawing this amendment OF course,
desire to speak with the utmost respecy
with reference to the letter, and I only
mention it at all to enable me TO state
my position.
"As I understand the Presidents let
ter it is not his purpose to act in this
matter until Europe indicates a desire
upon the part Of the nations that action
shall be taken. His letter pretty plainly
states that proposition. That is dis
agreement upon fundamental proposi-
tion. 1t is not a mere matter of form,
1t is a matter Of difference which goes
to the very heart of this entire move
ment.
"If we are to wait Until the nations Of
Europe get together and send us word
that they have agreed to disarm there
will be very little occasion for calling
any conference at ALL but do not be-
lleve in the present condition of affairs
that that is likely to happen until much
worse conditions happen in this country
than now obtain.
i"I speak, therefore. with the utmost
respect for the Chief Magistrate when
say that is a matter of disagreement
upon a fundamental proposition dnder-
lying this entire conference proposition.
do not believe that we can wait ,ong-
er upon Europe. l believe we are in
the position Roosevelt was in with ref
erence to the Russo-Japanese war. or
with reference to the Algerian situation,
and that we have been in with reference
to many conditions which have con-
fronted us. and we ought ourselves to
take the leadership in regard to- this
subject. / do not think it Is possible
to adopt the course which the President
suggests without seriaous detriment to
the American people. About that thero
is. therefore. a difference of opinion.
There was no occasion for me to
go TO the State Department to find cut
what the policy was with reference to
this situation, because 1t was very well
understood what 1t was.
'It was stated from day to day upon
high authority, coming from the State
Department, which, of course. always
means official authority. thus and so,
that we do not propose to do this and
we do not propose to do that and that
we are undertaking nothing of this kind
and nothing of that kind. l anticipated
that which the President states in his
letter that II was not the purpose OF
the State Department or of the Adj
mnistration TO move until the Gov
ernments of Europe moved.
"If that be true, then there is such
wide breach that however many visits
I might have made TO the genial Sec
retary of state. undoubtedly no result
would have happened. I trust that
shall always have the privilege of visit!
ing the Secretary OF State whenever II
seems necessary to acquire Information,
and for him individually I have the
very highest regard. Personally. he Is
recognized as great lawyer and
great statesman, and 1 am not here to
criticize him.
The New York herald., 1922-12-30

cial official obligations; 1t would have
no anirnus and no duty but to find and
state the truth.
"In a situation which requires an abb
sence of technlcality and immunity from
interference / hope that the way may
soon be found for frank discussion
and determination of what is essentially
an economic problem.
1.-THE United States has the most
friendly and disinterested purpose in
this matter and wishes to i, In any
practicable way. But it is idle to make
suggestions which arouse false hopes
and are so impracticable that they cam
not bear fruit.
ION the other hand, there lies open
a broad avenue of opportunity If those
whose voluntary action is indispensable
are willing to take advantage of 1t.
And once this is done the avenues Of
American helpfulness cannot fail to
open hopefully"
Elsewhere in his address Mr.. Hughes
gave the results of the Washington arms
conference of last year. He said that
the most important results are "unwrit-
ten and imponderable, those that relate
to sentiment and purpose. to good VIII
and a better understanding" Enumerat-
ing the tangible results, he said
/. The Shantung treaty became ef-
fective and is being carried out.
2. The treaty between the United
States and Japan relating to the man
dated islands north of the equator,
including Yap, has been ratified and Is
in effect.
3. The four-Power treaty has re-
ceived the assent of our Senate, has
been ratified by the British Empire
and by Japan, and is awaiting only
the ratification Of France, which. 1t Is
expected. will shortly be given.
4. The naval treaty and the treaty
as to submarines and poison gases
have received the assent of the senate
OF the United States and have been
ratified by the British Empire ana
Japan. Ratifcations by France and
Italy are still needed but are /ex-
pected.
s. The two Chinese treaties have
been approved by the United States,
the British Empire and China. one Oh
the houses of the Belgian Parliament
has approved There should not be a
long delay in securing the necessary
ratihcations.
G. The Commission of Jurists, when
Is TO consider the amendment or the
rules of international law respecting
new agencies of warfare, is now sit-
ting at The Hague.
II am happy to say that at TINS time
there seems no good reason to fear that
any Of the work of the conference VIII
be lost"
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Hughes Defends Naval Policy.

Answering criticism of the fact that
under the treaty the United States cam
not fortify Guam, Secretary Hushes
said:
WAS it not better that, at time OF
considerable tension, instead of threat
ening Japan by proposal to fortify
Guam. we should agree that for -rfteen
years we should rest content with tne
situation with which we had been salts
fled for the last twenty-three years!
And IL should be remembered that III
the same treaty Japan undertakes TO
maintain the status quo in the Kurile
Islands the BONN Islands, Amami-
Oshima. the Loochoo Islands. Formosa
and xhe Pescadores and any other IN
suIar possessions she may hereafter ac-
jquire.
MY conclusion s." he, added. that
the naval treaty will stand the test OF
analysis and fair statement, taking all
the pertinent facts into consideration.
and that it will be a desirable safeguard
and not menace to our security, and,
at the same time. an important assur-
ance of peace. These happy results
will be attained, however. on the condi-
tion that we act toward other nations In
the same spirit OF reasonableness and
friendship that we expect them to ex-
hibit toward U.S."
The New York herald., 1922-12-30
Americans world serve.

II have no doubt that distinguished
Americans would be willing 20 serve
In such commission. If governments
saw fit TO reject the recommendation
upon which such body agreed they
would be free TO do so. but they would
have the advantage OF Impartial advice
and Of an enlightened public opinion.
Peoples would be Informed. the ques-
tlon would be rescued from assertion
and counter assertion and the problem
put upon It's way to solution.
IL do not believe that any general
conference would answer the purpose
better mitch less that any political con-
ference would accomplish result
which Premlers find it impossible to
reach. But | do believe that n small
group. given proper freedom Of action
would be able soon TO devise a proper
plan.
"Tt would be time enough TO con-
slider forcble measures after such an
opportunity had been exhausted. Such
body would not only he expert but
friendly. II would not be bound by spe-