davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-12
Installment No. Ill.

| Having completed our study OF the
| origin Of Virginia counties, we will
| again turn back to the Jamestown
| scttlemen: and follow tho course Of
events Subsequent To those recorded
In previous installm.nts.
! In 1861 the English squadron of
| Cromwell. having forced the colony
ht Rarbadocs 10 submission. entered
| the Chesapeake. with orders 10 com
uel Berkeley and the Loyalists Of
| Virginia to acknowledge allegiance
u the Commonwealth.
| Cromwell had been greatly in
| ccnsed when ne learned that the Nir-
ginia colony had refused to swear
tealty to the new government In
England. Parliament. by his suYGes-
| ton. had passed an ordinance declar-
| ing the Nirginians rebels and traitors.
and had issued decree forbidding
them commercial intercourse with
England or any other colony. Massa-
| chusetts. Notwithstanding the debt
| OF gratitude owing it's Southern
neighbor for food supplies when the
| colony was on the border of starva-
| ton. and many other favors volun-
tarily extended, Immediately passed
an ordinance similar to that OF
| Parliament. and demanded OF It's
| citizens that they discontinue all
| communications.
Bnttied Bravely But Lost.
| Notwithstanding the isolated con-
clifton Of the little band OF Royal
| lists and the impossibility of making
| successful defense. yet. under the
leadership OF Berkeley. they did not
hesitate to take up arms i'm defense
| against the invading feet. Serera!
| Dutch ships Grading in Virginia In
| defiance of the navigation act were
/ reuuisitioned and tho sturdy -hcarted
| yirginians met the enemy. Though
defeated. they made such gallant
| defense that the commander. in ad-
| miration o. their effort, granted
terms OF submission favorable TO inc
| colony.
| In lieu OF the severe epithets and
restrictions OF Parliament. the new
terms stipulated that, THE people OF
Virginia shall have free trade, as
| the people OF England, TO all places
| and with all nations" and that Gen
eral Assembly should continue to
| transact the affairs OF tho settle
men, and enjoy exclusive rights OF
| taxation. 1,A
Retired to Country Life.
Disdaining any suggestion OF per-
| sonal exemption from men he con-
| sldercd as regicides and usurpers.
| Berkeley retired to his country es-
tate. Green Springs. where he re-
sided as private citizen bciovetand
respected by his fellow colonists.
Had he never again accepted pub
| lie office his memory would ever be
| revered in Virginia history. Yet.
Berkeley was, logically. the man OF
the hour when the exasperated Nir-
| ginians couA no longer he restrained
from erecting the royal standard and
procla lining Charles III. their right
| full sovereign.
Trade Intercourse Stopped.
The terms granted to Virginia by
| the articles OF surrender to the fleet
| OF the Commonwealth. we're almost
Immediately violated by Cromwell
md Parliament.
Commercial Intercourse between
CONTINUED on Sixth Pagc)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-12

continued on Seventh Pase)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-12

tContinued on Sixth Pagc)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-12

"a compilation Of stntiSiics hear
INK on the population md growth of
virginia from the lnndinK ut james,
town OF the "Foundrrs OF Demo-
crack" through the various periods
nS colony md STATED
BY ". Il. CRIDLIS.
Secretary of the Virginia Historical
Pageant Association.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-12

continued on Seventh Page.)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-02-12

tile MOOD the nome mt u n tcr a
thebotiy. lyon W ish q increa nc
mines should Be taken IL counec ton Win
organic Nuxated Iron: but DO NOT TAKE
vtTAMlNES UNLESS YOU WISH YOUR
WEIGHT INCREASED mp to what a person
should normally weigh.
Vitamines are most amazing nutrition
substance found In certain foods. They are
exceedingly valuable In putting hesh oil
thonsands Of thin people We do not claim
however, that vitamines viii put dcsh on
everybody. Some people arc turally too thin
and will probably remain 80 In spite OF
Vitamines and everything else. Those whose
meals consist principally OF meat SOUPS W ite
bread, meats Of various kinds, nah. potatoes.
timed fruits ami vegetables, pies and cakes
are likely tn suffer from under nouIisliinent
and q weakened physical condition, due to
deficiency of both VitamInrs and organic
iron. no matter how much they eat. and In
such cases both fitamiEes and Nurated Iron
| should Ike taken.
In taking vitamines with Nuxated Iron
always take your Yeast vitanin1 Tablets be.
fore meals and SuIated Iron after meals,
Weigh yourself Ike fore you start and test your
strength on a gymnaslum strength testing
| machine. then weigh your,elf again after Ten
| days and see how much YOU have increased
! In weight, strength, encIEY and endurance.
dlnssnes ~ makes 10 . ptrtont appearance
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
NEARLY 1000 COWS
HAVE BEEN TESTED
FOR TUBERCULOSIS
St. Joseph County Expects to
Find Every Tubercular
Cow by Autumn.

Up 10 Friday evening, June 9Th,
3.6S2 cattle had been tested for tu-
berculosis by Dr.. c. T Howard, Fed
eral Veterinary working in co-opera-
ton with the s. Joseph County
Farm Bur5 out Of this number
278 animals have been condemned
and sent TO ChA2go for slaughter.
This reduces the county average 10
: per cent. or one IN about every
Il animals tested. Four townships
have been cleaned up. Centre. Union,
Greene. and Liberty and at this time
the work is going on in Union town
ship. Advance work Is now being
done in Penn and Madison town
SHIPS and no decision has been
reached as 10 which township VIII
be taken UP next This depends
largely on the number Of farmers &C
tive in the Farm Bureau living IN
the other townships
St Joseph county is now the only
county in Indiana which is doing tu-
berculosis testing. but under the hit
and miss" plan. This means that
continuing this steady progress the
entire milk supply OF the county Will
be cleaned up by fall This means
much 10 every household IN the
country 4 large part OF the milk
from 2TS aUghtered tubercE aT
cows had been coming into family
use in the form OF milk or butter
before this summer had been tested
and found TO have the disease
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
NEW IDEA For FARNLERs.

When Solomon said there was
nothing new beneath the sun, II is
certain he had never visited DeKaIb
county. Indiana.
The farmers Of DeKalb county
have formed a Canada Thistle club.
the only organization OF is kind in
the world Any farmer having Can
ada thisties IS eligible 70 become an
active member and by so doing he
subscribes to the cor = tuition Of the
q -Nt-h describes methods Of
eradication 10 be followed. As soon
as the thistles are erad-ca-ed from
the farm OF an active member he
becomes an honorary member. No
dues are charged for membership
The club was recently organized BY
Albert A. Hansen botanist OF the
Purdue University Agricultural tx
tension Department. William Walk
er. OF Waterloo Ind IS president.
The nine charter members hope soon
20 include every farmer In Indiana
who IS troubled with the thistle
plague.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10

crop is estimated to be 80 per cent
below normal
Competition for the new clip Of
wool has been keen for several
weeks and prices have advanced
sharply. The foreign market also IS
higher so that an importing basis
has not yet been reached
Butter Market Declines
After a sudden crop early in May
TIE butter marker held relatively
steady until the end OF the month
when il declined again. Butter pro-
dUction generally reaches the maxi
mum in the first half Of June Re-
ceipts have been heavy in the last
month but consumption Of butter
appears 10 be above the average and
the surplus is in demand for storage.
Cheese prices have been tre1ding
upward for six weeks although the
season IN which there - a heavy
surplus for storage is approaching.
Receipts Of eggs AT the leading
markets during May were not so
heavy as IN April but they were
above the average for May IN recent
years. Prices have been compare
lively stable for several weeks.
Wheat and Rye suffer
The principal grains are lower
than a month ago as well as lower
than a year ago with most severe
losses on wheat and rye.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
UPS And DOWNS OF
FARMERS MARKETS
Eight More Farm Products
Show Encouraging Upward
Trend in May.

Eight important farm products
out of a list OF twenty were higher
az the end Of May. 1922. than they
were az the end Of April. Twelve
show greater or less decline. Fifteen
OF them were higher than q year
ago and FIVE, including al Of the
principal grains, were lower than
at that time.
Receipts OF hogs al the eleven
leading markets during May were
slightly above the ten-year average
for that month Nevertheless.
prices are higher than so days ago.
The so-caued June run has started
already. but this movement usually
subsidies after the middle OF the
month. Stocks OF lard in storage
appear 20 be accumulating more
rapidly than usual az this season.
Stocks OF hog meats on May I were
approximately 80 per cent below the
six-year average for that date.
Receipts Heavy. Prices High
Receipts OF cattle at The seven
leading markets during May were
approximately IS per cent above the
average for tha. month. but prices
have advanced rntn most grades at
Chicago are at or close 20 the high
est level reached this year.
The lamb market IS in tNe process
or read5uSmtnt 20 the new crop.
Prices have declined. although they
remain high compared with other
kinds OF live stock. The range lamb
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
Lire Stock CO-OpS.
Take First Place

The producers are in the first
place a. Indianapolis. The Pro-
ducers . Commission association.
which opened for business at the IN
dianapoIis stock yards on Nay Is,
IN the second week Of its existence
handled 81 straight carloads Of live
stock and approximately IS carloa ds
Of trucked-in hogs. This put the CO.
operative in the lead OF all the y
firms doing business al that point
The other cooperative commits
sion house established by the Ma
.s-r2, TIVE Stocl, Producers aSsoci-
alton. The Producers Live Stock
Commission association at East S..
Louis. went into first place among
the SIS companies az that point. dur
Ing its eighth week.
Setting Aside Surplus.
The s.. Louis company is rapidly
approaching a volume OF business
enabling IL 10 set aside in its surplus
fund half OF the regular commission
charge. which IS saved 20 the pro
Queer patrons over and above actual
cos. OF operation.
In its second week. the Indianap-
oils co-opera tive SCI aside a surplus
totaling 80 1-3 per cent more than
the cost Of operation. F. II. Simp-
son. who was assigned by the ma
tional Office 70 start the producers
companies at both East ST. Louis and
Indianapolis reports some interest
ing experiences.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10

where local authorities, assisted by
the state and the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. began the
testing Of the herds on Friday. May
y, and finished the job on Saturday,
May 20.
The county was divided into con-
venient districts. and % veterinarians
were taken from farm TO farm in
automobiles by % leading farmers
who volunteered their services. BY
this use of rapid transportation, and
by carefully planning OF routes L
was possible in two days TO test $50
herds containing sara cattle This
was an average Of more than IS
herds a day for each veterinarian.
Because the loss OF time was cut TO
a minimum and supplies were bought
in quantity. the work was done for
less than half the usual cost. when
herds are tested individually
The most remarkable fact about
this campaign IS that 100 per cent
o. the farmers a. the county were
ready and wiuIps TO have their cat
rio toe-e5 TIC cV0l1~7-tcv IS u be
found in the cooperation OF the
Crard OF supervisors OF the farm
bureau Of the county IT. previous
demonstrations Which lad shown
ire good results ~ Cleaning out the
disease. The members Of the board
OF supervisors were corvilced that a
complete cleanup would &c q benefit
70 every farme- md 20 he county
as a whole. They hired a county
veterinarian. and he VIII be employ
ed permanently 20 keep watch over
the herds and foclls and protect the
fair name OF the county's live stock.
Il is probable that in the future all
cattle brought into the county viii
be required 20 submit 10 the tuber-
culin test.
The method OF hghtng tuberculo-
SIS bye eradicating Il completely in
certain areas. usually counties. IS be-
ing adopted IN all parts Of the coun-
Try The lower cost and the adver-
Using value OF a tuberculosis-fres
country are the principal factors
that are making II POPULAR
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
SHIPPING
RATES SAVE MANY
FARMER SDOLLARS
Twenty Percent Lower Rates
on Livestock Worth Millions
to Agriculture.

One of the highest barriers 10
farm profits has been high transport
tation Of sending the farmers pro
duce 10 market. Many instances
have been cited where II cost the pro-
Queer more 10 send his product TO
market than it did TO produce it,
The American Farm Bureau Fed.
,eration has a very definite transpor-
tation policy: Immediate substan-
tial reductions in freight rates and
subsequent reductions as rapidly as
savings in operating expenses can be
effected.
A Transportation Conference
Early in the spring OF 1921, un-
der the leadership Of the American
Farm Bureau Federation a confer
ence of shippers was called in Chi
cago. President J. r Howard acted
as chairman at this meeting at
which resolutions were passed call
ing for a general cut in freight rates
At that time many leaders of public
opinion were loudly proclaining the
fact that there could be no reduc-
ton in freight rates for a long time
TO come
In June. 1921. the Interstate Com
m-erce Commission heard the evil
dence in the live stock case. The
American Farm Bureau Federation
along with the other interested or
CARNATIONS, presented testimony TO
show that the effect OF the agricul
tural crisis upon the live stock pro-
Queer and the economic straits 10
which he had been reduced as a re-
suit. The commission recommended
TO the carriers a reduction Of 20 per
cent in the rates on live stock in ex-
cess of so cents, although such re-
duced rates were not 70 be less than
so cents. The testimony offered by
the Farm Bureau was largely re-
sponsible for this reduction.
The Grain Hearing.
Shortly after the live stock case
was heard the Interstate Commerce
Commission ordered a hearing in re-
gard 10 the proper level of rates on
grain. grain products. and hay in the
western part of the United States
covering the entire territory west Of
Lake Michigan and the Mississippi
river. The American Farm Bureau
Federation was the only representa-
tive Of producers and was the only
organization which worked in con-
nection with the state commission
in guiding he procedure throughout
the entire case and in preparing the
evidence The witnesses of the state
farm bureaus presented a complete
picture of the grain situation
throughout the entire west which
was summarized by the detailed sta
tistical study Of c. B. Hutchings,
traffic manager OF the American
Farm Bureau Federation. The COM
mission accordingly ordered the
rates on grain, grain products, and
hay reduced 10 the extent OF one
half the increase applied in August,
1920. with the further provision that
rates on coarse grain should be 10
per cent less than these new rates so
made for wheat. This decision was
handed down on October 90. 1921,
and became effective January /.
1922
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10


but mighty forces The beautiful
prairie was turned into a prosy, self
satisfied. wealthy agricultural state.
Land So An Acre.
When I was a boy. an Iowa farm
hand working for two or three years
at S25 a month could save enough to
buy his own farm. Land values were
low. He could get a place for 81
an acre.
Now the man who buys a farm is
crushed under debt. Values are
high He is charged $500 an acre
and usually owes $500.
This condition of high values and
the necessity of the poorer farmer
10 rent his land have created the
hard times.
Until the agricultural population
Is able TO get some surplus wealth
to buy whit viii be in hard
straits"
How TO get this surplus?
Mr.. Quick shrU cd his shoulders.
Tax Land Values.
Anyone seeking TO amehorate the
condition Of the people, both on the
farm and in the city," he said.
thoUghtfully, should turn his atcen-
ton to the shifting Of taxes from
things that we eat and wear 70 land
values-which are essentially com
mon property-in order that vicious
tendency 10 increase these values
might be checked.
The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
railroad. which runs through Iowa,
pays a remarka bly, high dividend.
This in itself is another influence
that is making times hard for the
people Of the state.
Some farmers are broke. They
will have TO start all over again.
Where a man owns his farm and
is not too heavily in debt. he is not
hard up. He may be poor, but he
can go or.
He must go on-or his cattle will
die and his propt&y be wasted
The farmer who goes in for d.
versiged~ farming-dairying best
of.
But I am glad that I lived most
OF my days in the old time"
Mr.. Quick gave up his member
ship on The Federal Farm Loan
Board 70 write Of Iowa. The first
novel Of a trilogy viii be published
soon. It is called ''Vandemark' s
Folly"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10

At sea and in the air that should
take precedence over its utilization
for the benefit of agriculture
There are more than $4,000 900
people on farms. comprising nearly
one-third the total population Of the
United States. Most of those are
located where they are practically
cut off from immediate contact with
the outside world The radio is the
only means Of economic information
necessary in the proper conduct Of
their business. or the general news
OF the day
Six Radio Stations.
The Department OF Agriculture
broadcasts weather, crop and market
reports from six radio stations OF the
Postoffice department.
Daily market reports on the live
stock, grain, cotton, hay feed. fruits
and vegetable market are broadcast
over virtually the entire United
States. Farmers located almost any
where can receive them either direct
or through the assistance OF amateur
operators.
A number Of state bureaus Of mar
kets and agricultural colleges are
also broa dcasting both local and ma
tional market and crop reports by
radio telegraphy and radiophone.
With regard 10 the broadcaSting Of
music and entertainment. anything
in the way OF entertainment that
will afford the farmer even slight di-
vertisement from his daily labors
Will immeasurably rebound 10 the
benefit Of the whole nation. The
farmer is as much interested in the
daily gossip, financial or sport news
as anyone. IN many instances, the
only entertainment of which the
farmer can avail himself is that
which come by radiophone.
The time element in dispatching
weather. crop and market news is a
big factor affecting the vaue OF such
reports.
In cutting hay or harvesting
grain. for example, an hours delay
in the dispatch OF weather reports
may mean a loss Of several thousand
dollars. An early morning report on
weather conditions and the estimat-
ed receipts at the market that day is
OF great value 10 the live stock grow
er about to ship a carload Of hogs to
market.
Helps in Shipping.
Prompt daily reports on the fruit
and vegetable market enables the
farmer 70 determine when AMI where
farm products are most needed and
/ to arrange his shipments according
! ~
A sudden frost may kill an entire
/ fruit crop. BY radio. warnings of
/ severe temperature changes or OF
orms can be flashed instantly 20 an
s1-ire district
3 When thousands Of tons of food
/ products are threatened with de-
| strUction BY impending storms or
+ foods; ordinarily methods OF COM
I municating warnings are TOO slow
/ Market news 20 be Of great value
should be received the same day
All this is possible by radio. II en-
ables the farmer TO keep in instant
touch with weather. crop and mar
ket news necessary for his business.
+ it gives for his information a sum
mary OF important news happenings;
! IL brings 70 his home. for al his fam
/ ily 20 hear. lectures concerts. and
1 other entertainments heretofore only
+ accessible 20 the city dwelIer
Radio puts the farmer in direct
touch with the whole world.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
LIMITED MARKET FOR GEESE
Specialists say Fact Must BE Con-
sidered Before Undertaking
10 Raise Them.

The market FOR geese Is not gen
eral as for chickens. a fact which
specialists IN the United states De-
partment OF Agriculture say should
be considered before undertaking. 20
raise them. TIE demand and the
price usually are good in sections
where fattening = conducted on q
large scale.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
COUNTY TESTS ALL
CATTLE IN 5 DAYS
Eradication of tuberculosis
In Cattle Herds Now Be
comes Possibility.

The plan for the complete eradica-
ton o. tuberculosis in the cattle
herds OF the country seems wei
within the bounds cs possibility.
when Il is demonstrated that an en-
tire county may be cleared OF all its
reactors in a week and a day. Such
a demonstration was recently com
oleted in Essex county. New York.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
drnrddS"

HA-IINGTON. June 3
Radio s putting retv words IN
Aclrs Americas vocabulary
tucrl The latest Isl .'farurad, E"
coined h the Department OF AZ
rcl-tur IS rE- official deslgua-
zion ~ the ta-I radio clubs that
have been snrrgine up through
ult rEf country
Tile farmrads are the comrades
~ the air.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
FARM IMPLEMENTS

Good Implements are Tar more I'M
portant n good farming than some
farmers believe. II is a very hard
matter 70 do good farming with poor
or unsatisfactory farm implements.
Considering their utility. farm I'm
plements are cheap.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10

And the prices
were considered
high.
The place was
Iowa. The time.
half a century
ago.
But now
Times surely
have changed.
Herbert Quick
noted writer and
auth GRITTY on
farming. W a s
s p e a k / n z. He
lived through the
pioneer p e / o q
and knew.
1t was the DAYS
,,aFT things
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10


the
selling vegetables
to he
elimination
proft-robbng
with imposing price
Reduction transportation
he Great La
Improved rive transportation
M as Is OF
% ONE @ our
by
sions Of the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
KEEP MILK AND CREAM COOL

IS warm weather approaches. bet
ter care must be taken OF the milk
and cream. The can OF cream must
be put into a cooling tank into as
cold water as posi- bic &c keep the
cream cold Unless milk and cream
is cooled promptly and well IL viii
sour during the warm spring days
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
EXPECT RADIO TO
'REVOLUTIONIZE"
LIFE ON THE FARM
Radiophone TO Bring to Farm
er Things That Have Been
Difficult, Expert Says.
BY W. A. WHEELER
Chief, Radio News Service, L. :.
Department. of Agriculture.

% ut IlIfEIIt VI N-IIN II 0I"'
WASHINGTON, July 9.-Adapta-
tion OF radio communication 20 the
Use and service Of agriculture will.
in my judgment. do more 10 revolu-
tionize lift on America farms than
been known.
Radio can bring 10 the farmer
those things the lack OF which has
done most TO make farm life both
difficult and distasteful-news, mar
ket information, amusements and in
structive entertainment.
To my mind. there is no single uso
OF radio except the protection of life
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-06-10
HAVF PrRERREn FENfAITs T0o

Of course the purebred sire u.s.
the hrst step. but there's no good
argument against purebred female.
in livestock lmprovement