davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09

HoFESSOR MARCELLlANI, a
oasst hut learned archmolo-
r;s+ who constructed a model
4 of imperial Rome fifteen years
,ow has constructed another, four
s... tha size Of the first. He is ar
<o- the sale of the smaller
80 Several British universities are
v wing with one another to obtain the
.adel which is the most perfect one
- existenee. It is constructed in terra
- .rd complete in every detail. For
sxo 1ast ffteen years it has been on
..L;h;eon just opposite the Roman
Tarrr and thousands have viewed it.
- =. fook Professor Marcelliani eigh-
...r months of careful, patient model
80 based on researches among mu-
x.ums and libraries, to reconstruct the
rrinciual buildings of imperial Rome.
70 attempt even brief description of
.be model would fill columns, and only
treatise on ancient topography would
e;vs an adequate idea of this UNIQUE
undertaking.
The model is Of terra Gotta, but the
buildings have been tinted their origi-
nal color. Where they were OF marble
the terra Gotta has been touched up
With white coloring matter, and gild-
INK also has been added wherever 1t
formed part Of the original building.
The different kinds Of marbles, the color
Of bronze statues, tiles and trees have
al been reproduced faithfully. After
It had been modelled every building and
bit Of architecture had to be baked In a
kiln before 1t could be placed in its
proper position.
Often only bit Of broken column
or minute example Of design or frieze
served to show Professor Marcelliani
what the original must have been.
Sometimes this detail was link which
examination of ancient manuscripts
served to complete. Coins, too, helped
In the work, as some of them, CON-
memorative medals, had impressions Of
eertain triumphal arches or buildings.
Old prints, descriptions by classic au-
thors, researches of learned men in
past generations, all were utilized and
served to help in the reproduction of
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09
Failure to Educate Youth, Properly
Is Deptored BY Nicholas Murray Butler

ending fight against this tendency to
carelessness, Indifference and lassitude
in respect to spiritual values and
spiritual aims.
Ruling Education Of
Present Hour Not Sound
"Therefore the ruling education of
to-day is not sound
MANY of the attempts now making
to reconstruct the world, however we'll
meant they may be, proceed on the as
sumption that all that Is needed is a
change in economic relationships and
solder material foundation.
What really is needed is what theo-
logians call 'conversion'-a change Of
heart, a permanent return to those
lofty purposes and aims, to that noble
spirit Of sacrifice of self and material
things for the common good and
spiritual ends, which made the years
1914-18 so memorable in the history
of modern man.
at is the gravest Of errors to sup
pose that the war has been finally won
"1'he struggle did not end with the
ar1nistice Of November II, 1918, nor
with the retreat Of Germany's troops
across the Rhine.
whether the war shall be finally
won for q civilization which will dis
place force and for it substitute rea-
sonableness, which will compel ma
terialism to give way before prac-
tlcal and constructive idealism, which
will cease to use murder, whether of
individuals or of the mass, as an argu-
ment, and substitute considerations
addressed to the human mind and
human heart, is not upon the knees of
the gods, exactly; it is in the hands
of the young men and young women
who this year come, and later will
come eagerly out of the schools and
colleges to take up the practical bust
ness of life and who shortly will have
to bear the chief responsibility for pub
lie opinion and public action.
81 have confidence in the spirit and
purpose CT these youths.
"But too many, through no fault of
their own, have been i'll prepared, in
adequately equipped, to meet their
great responsibilities.
"Still, am anything but pessimist.
~ recognize the truth that the spirit
of youth is unconquerable, and / be-
lieve that it will now find ways and
means to repair the damage which its
elders of this day and generation have
done to it,
Young Folks Look Beyond
Immediate Localities
~Hs one grounts Tor this fa.th which.
may be cited l name the multiplying
evidences to be seen among the youth
of to-day that they are looking with
increasing interest and frequency be-
yond the boundaries Of their immedi-
ate localities and are seeking to COM
and OF the world.
s'In due time this tendency should
promote what long ago described as
the international mind.
"That phrase, properly understood
and interpreted, has place in it for
patriotism, for pride of race, for love
of nationality and for loyalty to native
language, as it also has in it room for
interest in and sympathy with other
races, nationalities and languages.
"The international mind never will
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09

always be essential to any education
that is worthy of the name, and not
mere mechanical vocational prepara-
ton.
Gwen among college graduates all
knowledge of ancient civilizations, lit
eratures and of the ancient heroes OF
our race has disappeared.
can allusion to the classics or a
classical quotation is as little likely to
be understood as an allusion to the So
cial customs of the ancient Aztecs.
"This means that our youth are now
cut off from and deprived of any
knowledge of the largest and richest
area of human experience which his
tory records.
Startling Ignorance
OF Present Day Youth
Moreover, they know no mathe-
matics beyond elementary algebra and
geometry, and so are without the prac-
tical assistance and joy which even a
iloQCoC hHOWlGdRc vi tlc lllBnCI Iudtu-
ematics is certain to carry with it.
"The Bible Society reports more
copies of the Bible put into circula-
tion than ever was the case before, but
it is rare indeed to find school or
college graduate who reads the Bible
or who can grasp any allusion to its
teachings or it's literature
"Precisely the same ignorance ex-
lists with regard to the great poets of
the past, even Shakespeare and Milton.
"A situation little if any better ex-
lists with regard to geography and the
histories of, say, France, Germany and
Italy.
"What young person will you find
who will appear to be intelligent if
you question him or her concerning
South cam erica?
zone we'll may ask, almost in de-
spair, what, then, do these young people
know?
"The answer is that they have a
smattering of many unrelated knowl-
edges, with here and there some real
understanding of particular kind Of
knowledge.
"Their heads are numbered with a
host of indefinite impressions or opin-
ions about mathematics, literature,
politics, sociology and economies. They
are in that stage which takes H. G.
Wells seriously as a historian.
"A study of school and college pro-
American youth has been pretty badly
treated.
81 do not mean to say by this that
the old programs were perfect and
should have been retained.
Far from it.
"But they should not have been so
entirely rejected and displaced. They
should have been modified. developed
or otherwise changed in accordance
with constructive principle and with
clear knowledge of those historic
forces that make, guide and change our
civilization.
'Tn moments of great emotional ex-
altation individuals, and, as the great
war amply proved, even whole nations,
rise to appreciation of the fact that
spiritual values, the imponderables'
are supreme.
"But as soon as the emotional pres
sure is relieved individuals and ma
tions quickly sink back exhausted and
resume the old life of-the herd.
Sound education should be an I'M
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09
"Hobohemians" Dwell at Ease
On 40 Gents Day In Chicago
III mps Have Merry Existence and Own Language of
Slang in Summer ''Jungles'' and Win
ter Cities, Says Expert

CHICAGO, July (By The Asso-
ciated Press).-Men are living on West
Madison Street on forty and fifty
cents day, according to Nels Anderson
who is making study of homeless
and migratory men under the direc.
ton Of Professor Ernest W. Burgess
Of the University of Chicago, for the
United Charities and the Juvenile Pro-
tective Society.
Mr.. Anderson became q wanderer
himself as boy, he said to-day, but
happened to find work on ranch,
where the family took an interest in
him. At the age Of twenty-one he en-
tered high school. Eventually he was
confronted by the problem of selecting
- a topic for his doctors thesis, and find
ing, according to his statement, that
no study had been made previously of
the hobo, he began to write on that
subject on the basis of his early ex-
perience. After he had written $50
pages he felt desire to strengthen
his preparation for the task by re-
newed Investigations. Accordingly he
has been mingling with tramps as one
of them at their "jungles" or summer
camps, on the road, in the city streets,
and in Jail.
The average student who hasn't
L. Mr
Anderson, ais apt to find himself un-
able to approach tramp and get his
true story. Not only are tramps full
of suspicion and prejudices, and likely
either to exaggerate or to keep still if
they suspect their questioner, but they
have slang of their own.
For example, man who works with
shovel is known In the fraternity of
working stiffs' as 'mucker; the man
VINO drives team is skinner, one
who tramps ties on the railroad is a
l'gsndy-dancer'
IN the winter the tramps flock to
the big cities. They manage in some
cases to make $50 last long while,
Tor they know where they can get three
ooughnuts and a. cup Of coffee for 6
cents and lodging for 10 cents, il in
tne morning they will sweep off the
hoor they slept on. You will find 800
men on the floor Of one of the
popular Chicago 'fop-houses' in the
winter, though in the summer the same
place will be nearly empty.
Where are the men in the summer ?
Many, of course, are engaged in sea-
sonal occupations. The idle ones are
often gathered at the 'jungles,' which
Is an institution in Hobohemia
like the fashionable club in another
stratum of society. The men select for
their camps shady place, near enough
to town for an occasional handout and
1ar enough from town to seem secure
from the bulls or constables. They
build shacks Of wood or roofng-tin or
whatever material they find handy;
have seen very good shacks built of
npped-up oil cans.
Last summer I trainped through
Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming,
covering 300 miles. ] talked to some
1000 wanderers, and tabulated 402
cases. / had slashed my vest to carry
ny index cards; only one man noticed
the slashes and the slight bulges; he
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09
Hotter Sun-Colder Earth;
Rain Dries Air, Says Expert
Old Sol Rises Before 1t Is Up and Sets Before II
Goes Down; Paradoxes Explained ~a
by DIR. Humphrey

WASHINGTON, July 8.--A rainstorm
dries the air; more goes UP than comes
down; as the sun sets the air grows
warmer; the hotter the sun grows, the
colder the earth becomes; the sun rises
down; these are strong statements
and sound like fairy tale, but they
are all true. DR.. w. J. Humphreys,
quoted In the annual report of the
Smithsonian Institution which has
just been made public, explains all of
them. They are perfectly we'll known
to scientists, if not to laymen.
AS everyone knows, Dr. Humphreys
declares, water evaporates and is taken
up in the air as vapor This action is
continuous all over the earth and the
atmosphere would soon become very
soggy if it weren't dried out. Rain is
the collection, or condensation, and
precipitation of these moisture parti-
cles, consequently the more it rains
the less water there is left in the at
mosphere, or the drier the air becomes.
The second of DR.. Humphreys para
doxes seems fatty to contradict the old
saying "whate0er goes UP must come
down." However, as the writer ex-
presses it, vertical circulation in the
atmosphere is only gravitational
action, consisting in the sinking Of
relatively cold and therefore dense air.
and rising of warm and light air.
Contracted air desccnds, expanded air
ascends. Therefore, mass for mass,
the volume of ascending air is always
larger than that descending. In terms
Of mass, also, DR.. Humphreys says, de-
scending air is less than ascending, for
air while rising contains immense
quantities of water in suspension.
which does not return to earth with
that air, but as rain, hail or snow The
air that rises from the land surface
is greater in mass by at least 2O,0oo,-
600 tons per second, the measure of
world precipitation, than that which
descends, he says.
Hottest Part of Day
Not at Noon, Is Shown
The third paradox is merely way
of stating that the warmest part of
the day is not at noon, when the SIM
is at meridian or overhead and should
seemingly be pouring down greater
heat, but several hours later in the
afternoon. That is because the sur
face Of the earth and the lower layers
of air continue to absorb more heat
from the upper layers for some time
after the latter have been receiving
| the maximum amount of heat radia-
| tion from the sun.
| While it is not yet universally con-
ccded that the next puzzler, "the hot
ter the sun, the colder the EARTH
really is true, DR.. Humphreys states
| the evidence in favor of it is already
very strong. There are several ex-
plantations offered. The first is that
| increased radiation from the sun
causes earth's air currents to flow
more rapidly, bringing down greater
quantity of cooler air from high lati-
tudes to lower. Hs rejects this ex-
planation, however.
| The temperature Of the sun itself
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09

desire to weaken or break down ma
tlons in order to make room for a
theoretical, unconditional, world-wd.
society.
Upon the contrary, it will strength
en nations in order that each may have
as much as possible to contribute to
the common understanding and the
common sympathy.
"The youth Of to-day, who will be
the guiding men and women of TO-
morrow, will find in their desire to pos
sess the international mind a compel
ling invitation to pursue those studies
in literature and languages, in history
and in geography which will give them
that of which they are in search.
"In this way they will better edu-
cate themselves, and in so doing better
fit themselves to aid this troubled
world.
"They might, perhaps, at the same
time do something toward the educa-
ton of those who. have SO largely
failed to educate them"
l asked Mr.. Butler to 60 further,
making some specific recomm endations.
Change for Better Near;
Vices Grew Like Weeds
"That is a natural suggestion" he
responded. "If that which I have said
is correct it may be fairly asked,
Why do not the schools and colleges
see their own shortcomings and repair
them?
"The answer is that here and there
serious and probably successful at
tempts are being made to do this.
"Yet the general tide Of educational
opinion and influence which began to
ebb from what consider to be sound
standards and wise methods some twen-
ty-five or thirty years ago is still ebb-
ing.
"When it turns to flood better days
will dawn.
"a variety of influences, by no means
confined to the schools, were the causes
of this ebb. The steady breaking
down of faith in fundamental prin-
ciples of any kind, whether religious,
ethical, philosophical or political, was
chief among these influences.
"When ths faith began to weaken
matcrialism, quickly grew up like
weeds in the neglected soil of char
acter
zone consequence is that our
scientific knowledge and our control
of material forces have far outrun our
moral and intellectual capacity to
make good use of them.
"The great war, with it's slaughter
with it's cruelties and it's incalculable
damage, could not have been fought
save for two of the most benefcent
discoveries and inventions of modern
science, viz: the telephone and typhoid
prophylaxis.
at is bitter commentary upor
scientific progress that twentieth cen.
tury man could make no better use OF
these.
"All this opens up too large sub.
ject to be entered into here, but I Of
fer the suggestion that a solution fol
many Of our problems, not only of edu.
cation but of economics and politics
may be found in the rapidly opening
| field of mental hygiene, where the new
Ipsychiatry already has revealed amaz
| ing possibilities
| Copyright. 1899. Edward Msrshaii)
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09

varies and sun spots are eruptions
caused by heat activity. 1t is shown
he continues, that earth's temperature
varies with spot activity; that the
more spots there are on the sun the
cooler the earth temperature be-
comes, and vice versa. Also, that the
suns corona, in large measure only
so much dust, must interfere with
passage of radiation through T."
Hence. Hotter sun, more spots; NOR .
spots, denser corona; denser corona,
less radiation received on the earth
and warmer climate ensues.
Another explanation is the heat ab-
sorbing quality of ozone, which exists
in greater quantity in the upper air.
He concludes that the denser corona
stops passage OF some per cent of the
ultra violet rays, some of which act
ing on cold dry oxygen in the upper
strata form ozone. in times of maxi
mum spots there must, then, be less
ozone. But ozone absorbs a great
amount of earth radiation, therefore
if the earth shculd be receiving an
increased amount of heat at this tins
it might nevertheless grow colder be-
cause OF the coincidcnt depletion of
the heat-conserving ozone. blanket. 1t
is also said that cirrus cloud or cirrus
haze is more generally prevalent in
carth's atmosphere during spot activ-
ity, and this blanket of cloud shuts
out some of the solar radiation.
SUMS Rays Reach World
Better Through Thin Air
The reverse paradox, then, which Is
also found to be true, may be ac-
, counted for in the same way. SUMS
atmosphere is clearer during spot
minimum, and although there may ac-
tually be less heat coming from the
sun larger percentage is allowed TO
reach the earth through the thinner
blankets.
The paradox of the sun rising be-
fore it is actually up and setting after
it has actually gone down is explained
by the sending of light waves when
passing through the air. A stick
| when placed in clear water seems TO
bend; light ray when sent through
the air does actually bend. The rays
from the rising sun are bent when
they strike the air envelope. This
| angle varies according to well-known
| laws, but on the average the light from
the sun is bent thirty-four and one.
half seconds of degree, SO that the up-
per limb of the sun when first seen Ia
actually half degree below the hori~
zon. AS the angular diameter Of
either sun, moon or star is less than
this fraction it follows that when ths
sky is sufficiently clear the whole Of
either may be seen before even it's
topmost portion is geometrically above
| the horizon.
| While the reverse is not absolutely
correct astronomically, it is added,
when sun, star or moon set, becausse,
of the slight modification of refracton
due to earth rotation, nevertheless the
difference is exceedingly slight. Con-
sequently, as the light rays are bent
upward by earth's atmosphere the son
has actually gone down before it 10
seen by terrestrial observer.
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09
BY Edward Marshall
"a HE president of the greatest
y university in the United States,


or, for that matter, in the
world, Nicholas Murray Butler,
OF Columbia, saw q great class of
youth, both sexes, go out into the life
of this strange time a week or two
ago. From other institutions other
thousands poured into the struggle.
l asked him what all these young
people would encounter and if their
training had equipped them for the
battle which they will have to make.
II must be frank" he answered, "but
in my frankness I am not pessimist,
although an analysis of conditions as
they are may seem discouraging.
Several hundreds of thousands of
students, girls and boys, were grad
uated from our colleges and high
schools this spring.
'They are going out into world
which has lost its self-confdence and
self-assurance, and which has not yet
found anything to take the place that
these filled before the war.
"This condition of confusion is
greatly complicated by the mental,
moral, economic and social collapse
that accompanied and followed the
World War.
81 do not compare these conditions
with those that followed the Napole-
onic wars or those that accompanied
the French Revolution, for the world
of to-day is SO closely bound together
by ties of economic and intellectual
interdependence, constituting it's ner-
vous system, as to increase enorm ously
the area and number of human beings
Immediately affected by conditions gen.
orally prevalent in it's more developed
portions.
Failure to Understand Laid
To Parents and Teachers
"If these youths who were gradual
ed are inadequately prepared to under
stand present-day conditions and to
deal with them in constructive spirit
the fault is not theirs, but that of
their parents and their teachers.
"The last quarter century, especially
in the United States, has been period
of educational experim entation, and
those upon whom the experiments have
been worked have suffered grievously
in the process.
"They have been treated too much
as subjects of scientific interest and
not enough as young human beings
with immense powers for good or evil,
with a wealth of enthusiasm and vast
energy.
"They have been called upon to ex-
press their opinions and feelings about
the world and its happenings instead
of being trained and taught to under
stand the world and its happenings.
"The methods so often followed in
our present-day education are as fool
ish as would be the attempt to aid a
thirsty man by hauling up an empty
bucket from a bottomless we'll.
eve very largely have destroyed the
common body Of knowledge, once given
in schools and colleges, particularly
that which used to hold men and
women together in intellectual and
moral sympathy and understanding.
"A host of varied and special train
ings have displaced that one funda-
mental training which was and must
New-York tribune., 1922-07-09
Model Made i'm Italy
by Marcelliani Is
Complete to the
Last Detail
pv Agnes r. Mackenzie
ROME, July l

RorEssoR MARCELLrANI, a
D modest but learned archmolo-
c;st who constructed a model
90 ;,,nerisl Rome fifteen years
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1922-03-30
START 0KRA IN BERRY BOXES
After All Danger Of Frost 10 Past
Trsnsplan, Young Plants In the
Open Garden.

Sow the seeds ~ okrn In the open
after the ground has become quite
warm. or start the plants In berry
boxes In ho'hed and transplant them
10 the garden after all danger ~ frost
Is past The rows should be- Z feet
apart for the dwarf sorts and ; feet
apart for the tall kinds with the
plants . feet apart In the row Okra
does best In rather rich land aud re
quires frequent shallow cultivation un.
~ the plants cover the ground
The young pods are the part used.
and theSe are employed principally In
soups. 10 which thry impart a plcasan,
flavor and muclluginous consistency
II the pods ARE removed from The
plants aud none allowed o. rlpen. the
plants will continue 10 produce pods
until killed by frosl hut the best pods
are grown On young plants. ukra pods
can be dried or canned for winter use.
United States Department 81 Agri.
culture.
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1922-03-30

pots In which they are planted out.
doors f0r several hours each day when
the weather d, warm They may be-
left out all night when there i NO
danger ~ frost Plants for The main
or late crop can =" started outdoors
after the ground hn~ hrc"mr warm.
Two methods are lea vogue for grow
Ing tomatoe, in home gardens. IN the
small garden 'he plants may DO set
two feet apart ~ each direction aud
then pruned 90 single stem and tel
90 stakes WHORE plenty ~ land Il
available the plants may b" So three
20 four feet apart aud allowed to grow
naturally upon the ground u should
be- borne IN mind. however that hy
trimming and TYING the plants 20
stakes better quality ~ fruit 8, Oh
talned. and that the fruit viii ripeu
earlier than when they are not trim
ped and trained From twenty ave o.
hfiy tomato plants will b. sufficient
for growing IN the home garden and
This number should furnish plenty ~
tomatoes FOR summer uSe and fnr ran
ming United States Department ~
Agriculture