Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-03-01

clause of the governments
Part Of Turkish Empire
Egypt, with its population Of TO-
100000 Fellahs. Copts, and approx
mately 100000 foreigners, is nominally
part of the Turkish empire but, vir-
tually, constitutes a dependency Of
England. Its government is an heredi-
tary monarchy whose head, from 1892
| to 1914, was the Khedive Abbas Hilmi.
! The strong pro-German and pro-
Turkish attitude of Abbas Hilmi early
in the war led to his deposition and he
was succeeded by his uncle, the former
Prince Ahmed Fuad, at one time presi-
dent Of the University of Egypt, who
was invested with the title of Sultan
/ Hussein Renal Abbas Hilmi became
an exile and issued a proclamation from
Constantinople in 1915, calling upon
| Egyptians and Sudanese to rise against
England, whom he charged with his
overthrow. Later he was shown to
have financed Bolo Pasha, the defeat
list agent executed by the French. In
1919, Abbas Hilmi's estates in Egypt
were confiscated by the government.
Several Factions Exist
Several factions exist in Egypt, all
; of them committed to independence or
greater freedom from British rule. Fol-
lowers Of Abbas Hilmi and the nation
alists led by Said Zagloul Pasha con-
stitute the radicals; adherents of Sui
tan Hussein Renal are the moderates.
Said Zagloul Pasha was banished to
1921, following serious rioting in Cairo.
Alexandria, Tanta and other places, in
which scores were killed, many wound
ed and several hundred persons ar
rested.
The present disturbed conditions fol-
lowed the rejection, by an Egyptian
delegation representing the sultan, of
a proposed convention by the British
government providing for a termination
Of the protectorate which has con-
tinued since 1914 and for new meas
ures Of native administration under
British control.
Plead Aspirations
Adley Yeghen Pasha, former pre-
mier, spokesman for the Egyptians at
the conference in London, in declining
the proposals offered by Marquis Cur
zon, said the British governments plan
failed to satisfy the national aspira-
tons of Egypt"
Field Marshal Allenby, the British
administrator in Cairo, in a communi-
cation to the sultan transmitting the
terms offered by Marquis Curzon, Brit
ish foreign secretary, said: Scarcely
a generation has passed since Egypt
was rescued from anarchy and there
are signs that the extreme elements
in the nationalist movement are even
now capable of plunging her back into
the abyss from which she has so re-
Gently been raised Viscount Allenby
declared that 'the British empire must
have firm guarantees against any men
ace to it's interests" and that martial
law would cease as soon as an act of
indemnity had been passed and had be-
come operative in all the civil and Grim
inal courts in Egypt.
Terms Almost All Acceptable
The terms offered to the Egyptians
by Great Britain included an agree
ment to grant independence on three
conditions: First, the appointment of
advisers for the ministries Of finance
and Justice; second, control over for
of British army of occupation. 1t
was reported that the delegation ac-
cepted all three conditions, the only
disputed point being the question as to
where the British troops should be sta
toned. Adley Pasha demanded that
they be confined to the guarding Of
the Suez canal, but Lord Curzon in
sisted they be stationed at various
points in the canal zone as well as in
Alexandria and Cairo.
The return home of the Egyptian
delegates on December s, 1921, was
signalized by boycott of British
goods in the city of Edfou, other towns
soon following in conformity with a
plan of the moderate nationalists to
adopt the "non-co-operation' methods
of Mahatma Gandhi in India. Most of
the population of Egypt is Mohamme-
they followed the lead of their Moham-
medan brethren in India, now allied to
the nationalist movement of the Hin
dus. The followers of Abbas Hilmi
and Said Zagloul Pasha, meanwhile.
turned to more violent measures.
Street lamps and shop windows were
smashed in Alexandria, British govern
ment offices in Gizeh were raided and
mobs entered the European quarter in
Port Said. The disturbances became
SO serious late in December, 1921, that
special British naval units we're sent
to Suez, Ismalia, Port Said and Alex
andria. Cairo for a time was without
means of transportation and 400 agi-
tators were arrested in Alexandria
The authorities in Suez warned the
public that airplanes would drop smoke
bombs preliminary to actual firing to
dispense crowds. Government schools
and law courts were closed postal
service restricted, Egyptian merchants
cancelled orders with British firms and
the Coptic patriarch ordered nation
wide Strike
National Leader Deported
Zagloul Pasha, one of the nationlist
leaders. was formerly minister of JUS
tice. Supported by strong Turkish and
other elements, he has agitated COM
plete independence for Egypt ever since
the great war. After the war his in
fluence was SO pronounced and his