davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19
VACUUM TUBE WHEN
 USED AS AMPLIFIER
It Will Function Thus for Either Radio Frequency or Audio
 Frequency.

Starting today we shall give a de tailed description of the vacuum tube when used as an amplifier. This series, as in the past, Is continuous and if clipped out and saved will be con- venient for reference.
 When the three-electrode vacuum tube was used as a detector, the cir cults associated with it were such that where a symmetrical alternating difference was applied to the grid a symmetrical change in plate current resulted. That is to say, the vacuum tube acted as a rectifier. In addition to rectifying, the tube also amnlified The variation in plate circuit was ''K," |" where "K'' is the amplifcation con- stant of the tube, times what 1t would have been in a two-electrode tube, for the same potential impressed on the grid. .,..s
 By properly adjusting the electrical constants of the circuits associated with a three-electrode tube, symmetri-
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19

straight line, then CID will equal B. E, or so long as the working range falls within straight line portion of the characteristic curve, symmetrical changes in grid potential will cause symmetrical changes in plate current. From this it can be seen that if the working point "A"' be selected near the bend of the characteristic curve, symmetrical changes in grid potential will not cause symmetrical changes in plate current. Since the plate current variation In such case would bear only slight relation to the grid variation in potential, the output of the tube you'd be distorted.
 In applying amplifiers to receiving sets used to pick radiophone stations, distortion Is one of the greatest diff faculties to overcome. Too strong signals will result in decreased ann plifcation. In Figure g, If the ap- piled variation in grid potential were 10 times that shown in the example, the plate current would not change 10 times as much, because of the bends in the curve, due to saturation- Finally, condition can be reached where the use Of an amplifier tube will decrease the signal strength be- cause of the saturation of the tube.
 The rectif1ed incoming signals would be louder without the use of the ampli- fer tube, because of the inability of the plate current of the tube caused by Saturation to increase in proDor- tion to the signal strength.
 There are, in general, two factors that can be taken from the ,charac- teristic curve and the second is the length of the straight portion of the curve. The slope of the straight DOT
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19

cal variations of grid potential can be made to produce symmetrical varia- ton in plate current, which are "K'' times the amplitude of the plate cir cult variations of a similar -two-elec- trode value with the same applied grid potential. This means that if a three-e1ectrOde value be used in the proper circuits in a radio receiver, the signals can be made to appear as though the received signal is "K' times as strong as 1t actually is. If two tubes are used with their proper circuits in conjunction with radio receiver the received signals will ap- pear to be TX" times as strong as they actually are and so the apparent strength of the incoming signal is multiplied by "K' for each additional tube added to the receiver circuit. A vacuum tube used in conjunction with a circuit that will cause the plate current to vary in exact proportion to the applied grid voltage, but ap- parently caused by "K' times the ac- tual grid voltage variation, is called an amplifier. If the tube functioning as an amplifier is used to amplify the incoming signal at radio frequency be- fore 1t is rectifed by the detector, 1t is termed a radio frequency amplifier. If the tube functioning as an amplifier Is used after the incoming radio ire uuency has been rectified by the de tectOr it is termed an audio frequency amplifier
 Returning again to the character istic curve of the three-electrode vac uum tube, shown in Figure B, notice its shape. Suppose that pos itive potential was applied to the grid by means of a "O' battery so that the tube would function at a point represented by "A" on the characteristic curve. If now the ap- piled. grid potential from the "C'' bat tery be reduced by an amount rep resented by A-B in Figure g the corresponding reduction in plate cur rent will be represented by BE. On the other hand if the grid potential be increased by an amount repre- sented by A-C, where 40 equals B-C, the corresponding increase in plate current is CID.
 If the portion of the characteristic curve in the region of BAD is a
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19
DON'T GIVE UP
Dfscouraged Citizens Will Find Comfort in the Experience of
 q Canaan Man


 Experience is the modern instruc- Profit by the experience of others. It may save your life. @ The testimony of Canaan people will bring renewed encouragement. Here is case in point:
 w. Wyckoff, W. Main St., Canaan, says: My kidneys were out of order good many years ago, caused by fall. My back was weak and painful. Lifting work came hard and every time I did any of it, shooting pains went up and down my back. Morn ings got up with sore, lame back, over my kidneys. My kidneys were irregulars in action and I felt tired and was always weak after doing my work. A man in my home town ad- vised Doan's Kidney Pills and few boxes fixed me up in every way. The recommendation gave in years past n praise of Doan's still holds good. use this medicine every once in awhile when I feel as though my kidneys need little toning up."
 Price soc, at all dealers. Don't simply ask for kidney remedy-get Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that Nr. Wyckoff had. Foster -Milburn Go, Mfrs, Buffalo, N. Y.-adv.
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19

ton of the curve determines the am- plificatfon of the tube. The more nearly vertical the straight portion of the curve Is, the greater will be the change in plate current for 8 given change in grid potential, or in other words, the louder will be the response h the telephone receivers corresponding, to a given received signal. The length of the straight portion of the curve determines the maximum variation in grid potential that will cause the tube to function properly without distortion.
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19
TIPS TO RADI0ISTS

At Muncie, Ind, bacon was fried by means of a radio cur rent. At last an explanation for that frying noise.
 Clifford Pinchot, nominated for governor of Pennsylvania by the vote of the people, acknowl- edges his great Indebtedness to the radio. A primary coil no doubt played an important part. An inventor of Chicago claims to have invented radio apparatus that permits of successful com munication with the spirits. We hope that the anti-prohibi- tionists will not misinterpret this claim.
 The police department of Portland, Ore, has asked for an appropriation for radio receiv- ing and broadcasting stations and to equip the police automo- piles with radio apparatus. Cop ger wire, 1t is needless to say, will be used.
 Lord Northcliffe, famous Eng Ish editor, in speaking of the future of journalism, recently predicted that radio would have an effect upon the publication of newspapers that will equal the invention of the linotype and high-speed press. He said that radio would undoubtedly come into general use of news papers and newsgathering agen- cies. .s
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19
Self-Penalized.

One day in school I had been whis. pering to the boy behind me. Ths principal looked over my way and said: You two boys come up here in these two front seats." picked up 8 book and walked up to the front and sat down. Two boys from the back of the room came up also. The princi- pal looked at me rather curiously and then said: "I didn't catch you."- Chicago Journal.
Connecticut western news., 1922-10-19
Very Different.

Have you broken off your engage. ment?" "Yes. The wretch told me he was a bookmaker, but I found out that he was only an author" ."-Copen- hagen Klods Hans.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31
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flower that confines the drape at the
hip. and the almost straight, and
slightly shorter hemline. Since the
dress itself is youthful, the costume
jewelry must be youthful too, hence
pearls for necklace. watch and tassei
bracelet are the choice. No other
shoes would quite SO we'll become the
gown as the Colonial type in black
satin, for they bring the solid color
of the drape into bold relief
Embroidery And An Unusual Drape
The gown OF plain and printed
crepe holds to the uneven hemline and
side drape. but shows a near-to-nor-
NAL waistline. The noticeable features
of the dress are the treatment OF the
drapery of plain crepe, which opens
UP over an underskirt OF the printed
fabric: the ornament OF wooden beads
mo other would so perfectly flt the
material and the model--and the
unsual sleeves. bead edged and faced
with the contrasting crepe.
Fashions fondness for novelty
fabrics of exceeding beauty may be
easily pardoned, when a model Is
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

the leading slipper fabrics. the hosiery
matches, of course Gloves are reg
uiation evening length, when worn at
ALL Long gloves or none is the rule.
There are fans of lace. delicately love-
ly. but perfectly useless; and the we'll
loved feather. fans in bright con-
trasting color. There Is much to be
said in favor of the details Of the
formal mode
A Erock OF Novel Lines
Crepe and beads make the slim little
gown with Its contrasting drape of the
untrimmed fabric. Crepe is not new
as a material, nor are beads as a
trimming. but the application of the
beads on the crepe Is most decidedly
novel. since waist and skirt are beaded
In different patterns. An intricate
design on the skirt makes 1t appear
heavier than the waist, which is so
embroidered that it gives slightly
less than normal waistline. The last
rows of beads on the bodice are run
closer together than the restA and
these half dozen strands give a fin-
ished appearance. Note the velvet
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

tive motif OF the headdress. With
these gorgeous fabrics and rich color
ings go stately lines. Quite naturally
be draped, and taffeta to boast bout
FAINT draperies or wide-skirted, youth
full lines. Rich materials prcsuppose
the basque and bodice mode, intricate
beading, the exquisite tracery of airy
laces, and royal furs for landings.
There Are Hints OF Change
Fullsof wiles-and guile-is fashion,
evidenced by a tendency to the uneven
neckline, arrived at by the use of a
jeweled strap on one shoulder. and
drapery. in place of a sleeve, on the
other. we have had several seasons
of the low waistline,- but there's a
rumor that the normal waistline is
coming back. Just now the waistline
may be anywhere at ALL an interlude,
perhaps, between the old, low waist
line and a new one that is definitely
normal. For when a fashion detail Is
neither one thing or the other, it may
slide gradually into either. And the
hemline is just as uncertain as the
waistline. 1t is extremely long in the
period gowns, but as short as eight
inches from the floor in other frocks,
though it frequently has an appear
ance of length because OF the drapes
and panels that fall below the hem
line. BY the law of contrast we are
due for a season OF the straight hem
line, since designers have been flirting
for a considerable period with the
uneven hem edge. If ones gown is
draped on either side, 1t is quite in
fashion, but the really newest drape is
confined. not at the side. but directly
in front. So it is plain to be seen
that while the current is, apparently,
unchan ging, there are, in reality. tiny
ripples here and there. appearing, dis
appearing, but inevitably appearing
again. Soon we shall be very con-
scious of the ripples!
Fashion Sponsors The Jeweled
Accessory
One feature of the mode Is most
overwhelmingly is worn in great
profusion. If one possesses beautiful
diamonds. pearls or sapphires, she
will wear them all, IL it be humanity
possible. And IL precious jewels she
has none, she will wear semi-precious
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

in antique. floral or conventional de-
signs; or they are gorgeous, glitterins
things OF precious stones and metals.
Other types of the headdress take
their form from the gown they COM
plement--it may be band, that sug-
gests the ancient Greek or Roman
fillet or crown of precious or semi
precious stones--Russian fashion. The
latter style OF headdress. exemplifed
In the picture. Is particularly fitting
If the gown be of velvet or one OF the
sumptuous metal cloths that are the
last word In stateliness and beauty.
Since we have become slaves to the
vogue for costume 1eweIry, II is nice
to know that one may pick up really
excellent reproductions of valuable
pieces. Many OF the rings. bracelets
and earrings are not only limitations
of Egyptian. Italian, Spanish or
Oriental jewelry, but they are fire.
quently made in the very land whose
art they counterfeit. One can never
tell what quaint and distant people
inspired the girdle or jeweled orna-
ment that is worn with velvet gown.
The links of the girdle may be copies
of an Egyptian medallion, or the pat
tern OF the ornament a well executed
copy OF some famous jeweled piece
that was the property of q forgotten
Queen or Empress. For 1t matters
not whence or how-we are concerned
only with the suitability OF the details
OF our costuming. To US 1t is Amer
lean, though the inspiration for 1t
NAV have come originally from ths
land of pagodas and temple bells. or
been born in the very heart of tor
tured Russia
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

Is reminiscent Of the French Empire;
another of the Italian Renaissance;
and yet third shows the influence of
the Venice of carnival time. Hats
that droop Cavalierly, draperies that
sweep picturesquely, velvets with a
medieval charm; all these are the
result of other costume periods that
have made deep impression on the
master designers of the present.
And IL we are to initiate the gentle
folk of other centuries in the lines OF
our afternoon and evening frocks, or
the cut OF our daytime coat or gown.
then we must be consistent. and seek
the accessories to complement this
outerwear in whatever corner of the
world the correct details are orig
mated. 1t does not detract from the
charm, but rather adds zest to the
wearing. that the style OF shawl. a
piece of jewelry or a fan Is a repro
duction OF a bit of adornment that
was in fashion a thousand years ago.
for it is sure to be cleverly adapted to
the present-day mode and the costume
it compliments. 1t may be the head
dress, the girdle, the handbag. the
earrings, or the buckles on her dainty
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

mode. One land Is noted for its love-
ly coiors. another for its rich em-
broideries. and still another for the
wonderful patterning of its fabrics.
80 designers. wing with each other
to produce the utmost in charming
models. cross many seas and search
many lands for inspiration In their
work. And we have come to be ia
miliar with many modes--ancient and
modern. domestic and foreign, for
whatever charm lies hidden in the
fashions of bygone century or the
native costume Of foreign race. that
charm eventually becomes a part of
american" styles.
We have long reveled in the ex-
quisite beauty of the embroideries
from China and Japan--their unusual
color tints and patterns. and the per-
FICTION of the work itself Now we
are learning to differentiate between
the handiwork OF Russia, the Balkan
States. Persia-all the lands where
nin1ble fingered women devote their
days to fine embroideries. The pres
ent-day drapes. so familiar to US all
had their Inspiration in far-off Egypt
and classic Greece. One style theme
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

- HERE'S just the hint of a
IT foreign accent in Fashions New
Year greeting. At times it seems
- to be Russian. again it's Spanish,
Italian, French or Persian. and at
other times it bears traces Of the
strange tongue native in the close
vicinity OF the Pyramids and the
Sphinx. But though Fashion be
versatile, and speak a smattering Of
many tongues, she is. at heart Amer
lean. And the gowns she wears. the
modes she accepts, and the dainty
accessories she demands as her. right.
simply show that she can adapt the
new, the strange and the foreign to
her use and needs, yet lose no part
of her individuality.
But any attempt to resolve the
mode into its component parts dis
closes the widely varied sources Of its
charm, and no small number OF these
sources are Enthusiastically foreign.
This is not strange since the, decree
has gone forth that apparel shall be
gorgeous, rich and beautiful and
every land and every people has some
treasured contribution of the past or
of the present. to make 10 such
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

to Just the lines 1t should take, choos-
Ing first to be V-shaped. and later
squaring the v with a tiny vestee of
metal cloth. The drape is there, but
1t is the Egyptian type that is caught
squareiy in front at a normal waist
line. The skirt is neither very sise-t
nor very long. Headdress, shoes and
costume Jewelry bring out the beauty
of the gown itself. providing just the
note of color contrast that a BACK
gown needs.
Perhaps the designer that chose the
lines and details of the gown that so
becomes the lady in the quaint poke
bonnet. had intimate knowledge as to
the WHITTIER Of fashion, at any rate
she made the gray fox fur. the crepe
and novelty velvet express ideas that
are different. The skirt would have
difficulty in proving It was not fun.
and the wide sleeves. in combination
with a wide skirt give most unusual
effect. The waistline, defined by a
braided girdle of the velvet and a Jet
and metal ornament, is nearly nor
NAL 1t is the impression of width
and the contrast of the fox fur trim
ming that make for the individuality
OF the gown.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

evening slippers. but Milady Is sure to
owe the success of her costume TO the
influence of at least one foreign land,
and quite probably more than one.
Right now the shawl Is playing an
important part in the realm of FASH
ion. 1t may be some rare old Paisley
shawl, that has been in the family for
many generations, or fringed. silken
luxury that holds the secrets of the
Alhambra or the fascination Of the
land OF Don Quixote In its luxurious
folds, but its prominence in the mode
is undeniable. Paisley Is everywhere.
used as a trimming, as a material for
handbags and the fashionable short
coatee. 1t Is being initiated on q
thousand looms, and its patterning has
invaded the realm of metal fabrics,
plumes and lining silks. Its judicious
use is both smart and fascinating, but
there is an inclination to overuse.
The Spanish shawl, whether of silk
or lace or crepe de chine. has met
with fave everywhere, and for sew
eral seasons has been much in evil
dence. The beauty of the sillken shawl
is irresistible. its embroideries so
beautiful both in color and design.
that they have an artistic, as well as
a material value. Indeed, they're
quite as dear in price. as they are to
the heart of fashion. The Spanish
shawl of hand-run lace is quite as
distinctive and appealing as the
heavier shawls. though in a totally
different way.
Again 1t is Spain that makes a con-
tribution to the world of accessories,
this time in huge, carved combs for
wear with the formal couture. They
come in amber. tortoise shell and let,
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

~ n HEN the opera season has
formally opened, and winter
festivities are in full swing, it
" may truly be said that fashion
Is stabilized. that is. for SO long
period as fashion ever holds true to
any vogue. No one can say with any
degree of confidence how long that
really Is. for In the mode of the
present there Is always a forecast of
the future. The evening gown most
recently added to the wardrobe is
quite likely to show some new and
interesting detail. and the newest aft
ernoon frock is sure to show a diff
ferent line, or a new fabric, coloring
or trimming. One must be ever on
the alert, If she Is to keep her finger
on the pulse of the mode, as it beats,
strongly and steadily. beneath the dis
play of raiment seen in famous fash
ion centers.
The formal attire of the immediate
present is notable. first, for its gor-
geousness, both of fabric and color,
and second for its intricacy OF design.
If stress were to be laid on any one
material, metallic cloth would be that
one. and after that the velvets, both
black and colored. So great is the
vogue for the former that entire eve
ming costumes are designed OF gold or
silver tissue, or some other variation
of the popular metal cloth. Even the
slippers, hose and headdress designed
for wear with such costume, match
the gown. In direct contrast. yet Just
as gorgeous in it's way, is the mode of
velvet. greatly favored by both matron
and debutante. After the velvets and
metallic clothes come crepes, the
clingy type. and taffetas, the preroga-
tive of youth.
Brilliant Colors Predominant
without doubt we are having
colorful season. for when there is
nought Of brilliancy in the gown itself.
there IS sure to be in the costume
5ewelry. the headdress or the fan.
Gold and silver predominant, but there
are greens, bright blues. deep rose.
cerise and all sorts of yellows. pinks
and puppies. The most stately gown
Of inky velvet becomes a colorful
thing, when it's draperies are caught
with jeweled ornament. the Jewel
colors reflected in the capricious
depths of a feather fan, or the decora-
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31
What One Woman Did

edge of the window The spread for
the bed was unbleached muslin, APP
pliqued in the colored figures cut
from cretonne that matched the hang
ings, and laid down with coarse but
tonhole stitch. A fiat table with a
deep drawer was made to serve as q
dressing table. its top cretonne COW
cred. with Grapes falling over cur
stains of the same null that was used
at the windows. A huge mirror, its
frame painted to match the furniture,
was suspended from the wall by two
heavy cords, of the same green as
the line in the decorative motif OF
the furniture. For floor covering rag
rugs were used. the colors in the COM
bination green, rose,s yellow and
black, their shape and size varying
according to the space they were to
occupy. The expense of decorating
the room was practically nothing,
but the result was fresA and CHEEKY,
and a wholly deliehiN background
for its youthful occupant.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1922-12-31

evolved with the real individuality
that the side and back draped gown
displays. A sleeve, open from the
elbow to the wrist, but caught at the
wrist in a combining band of embroid-
cry; and band of the same embroid-
cry to emphasize the unusually of the
drape; these are the clever aids en-
ployed by the designer. And they are
employed in such a way that they
detract not bit from the beauty of
the fabric, which is the frock's chief
charm.
Future Possibilities In New Evening
Frochs
Nothing could be lovelier than the
stately evening gown of black velvet
with its richly jeweled buckle. And
1t shows the possible trend of fashion
in some OF its most important details.
1t is a matter for comment that the
neckline is neither round or bateau,
instead II seems to have hesitated as