The Hope pioneer., 1922-10-12
WEED CONTROL NECESSARY
FOR PROFITABLE farming

establish new plants in other fields
The wind is one of the most ilnportan
agents, many seeds such as sow thistle
dandelion and millweed, having tut
of hairs which enables the wind tt
carry them for long distances. Tumble
weeds, such as Russian thistle, arr
blown by wind scattering seeds as the!
go. The lighter seeds, even withou
tufts of hairs may be blown to som
distance especially on snow crust.
Animals carry many seeds whicl
have hooks or spines, such rs cookie
bur and sticlseed. Many small seed;
which are eaten, pass through thu
digestive system uninjured and arr
dropped in the fields by the animals o.
spread with manure. The Minnesota
station found that the germination O.
quackgrass seemed to be improved
after passing through the digestive
system of cattle, although one nigh
think it would be easily destroyed b,
such process.
NIahy seeds which have no specia
means Of distribution, and others, arr
scattered by man in uncleaned seed, il
hay, packing materials, screenings, ant
manure. They are scattered also from
trains and wagons in hauling grain, b!
empty wagons, separators and fannin,
mills which have not been cleaned out
Some are carried in mud which stick,
to wagon and auto wheels.
! Some of the more common weet
seeds which are rather characteristic,
of certain crop seeds are listed below
These seeds are lambsquarters ant
tumbling mustard are as common a!
any in wheat but are easily cleaned
out Wild oats are hard to remove
from flax when they are hulled. WilG
buckwheat in it's hulled condition i.
common in alfalfa. Quackgrass, more
or less hulled, is frequent in clovers
Austad seeds frequently are carried ir
the groove of oat hulls.
1. Weed seeds of wheat. barley
oats, and other grains: wild oats, wild
buckwheat corn cookie, pink cookie.
ball mustard, Wild rose, vetch, bind
weed, and kinghead.
2. Weed seeds Of flax: barnyard
grass, yellow pigeongrass, russian
thistle, mustard, false flax, hare's cal
mustard, stickseed, ragweed, sun
flowers.
3. Weed seeds of alfalfa, sweet
clover and red clover: green pigeon
grass, dock, smartweed. pigweed
catchfy, Frenchweed, dodder russian
; thistle, dragon-head, plantain, ragweed
and marsh elder.
4. Weed seeds of grasses, especially
: timothy, witch grass, quack grass
2 pepper-grass, tumbling mustard, Gin
r quefoil, evening primrose, germander
\ MINT hedge nettle, marsh elder, black
p Ieyed susan, thistles, and cone flower.
y Weed Prevention, Eradication, and
i Control.
q These three terms, prevention, eradf
!. cation, and control, may be used tt
S refer to more or less distinct phases o,
$ the general subject, differing with res
: pect to the presence or abundance O.
n particular kinds of weeds. But since
d they include much of the same features
e it seems scarcely necessary to dis :us
f them as separate projects. In the con
e hoi Or eradication Of established
e weeds, we are preventing also their In
d PRODUCTION into other places. Contro
$ measures are, in large part, the sam'
d as those used in eradication.
Il Annuals start each year from seed
h II seed production can be prevented tn
c main source of supply is cut of. Th
s. question is how and when to get at tn
II plants. The time of Towering and kim
n of crops grown must be considered
# The most effective means is surfac
cultivation when the seedlings are YER
II small. Narrowing grain when thre
II inches high has been recommended, bu
# generally speaking, grain crops Civ
e little opportunity for destroying weed
= during the growing season except b.
Y, hand pulling.
,s Hand pulling should be used to re
s. move occasional plants Of at least som
sr of the most troublesome weeds. E'he
1t they become numerous, recourse mus
he had to cultivated crops or bare sun
ID uer fallOw. The most efficient cult
le waited crop is one which receives tn
IS most work. The hoe should follow til
n cultivator or occasional plants ar
" likely TO be left which produce a
y enormous amount Of seed. The sun
he mer fallow is only partially successfl
Of IF seeds are allowed to mature befor
IS the ground Is plowed.