The New York herald., 1922-11-21
MUSSOLIM DEMANDS
ITALY SHARE IN WAR
SPO|LS OF NEAR EAST
Black Shirt Diplomacy at
Lausanne Flabbergasts
CurzOn and Poincare.
UNITED AGAINST TURK
Allies Present Solid Front,
but Differ Among Selves
OH Mandates.
RECALL OLD AGREEMENT
Roman Premier Points Out
italy Was Ignored in Near
East Divisions.
RECALL OLD AGREEMENT
by LAURENCE HILLS.

by LAURENCE HILLS.
Special Cable to THE New YoRK HERALD.
Copyright, 1929, By The New York HERALD.
LAUSANNE. Nov. 20.-It is the prob
lem of Benito Mussolini, not that of
the Moslem world, that for the mo-
ment is agitatinG the Lausanne con-
ference which opened formally here
to-day. The gravity Of the situation
in which France and Great Britain
have been placed by the arrival Of this
new figure, with the power of die
tator in one of the three countries
that have been acting together, was
emphasized tonight when Mussolini in
effect kicked over the traces and, in
stead Of agreeing, as hoped. to Lord
Curzon's memorandum defining the
allied position in the face of the Turks,
made six reservations, which appear
to be of the most vital Importance
Mussolini left the two older con-
ferees. Premier Poincare and the Brit
ish Foreign Secretary, completely
dumfounded. Lord Curzon's memo
randum has not yet been published
but it Is understood to contain fifteen
points, to which France agreed. The
Italian Premier refused to agree to
six, referring to Mesopotamia, the
Syrian and Palestine mandates, and
the Dodecanese. which were given to
Greece in the original Sevres treaty
Mussolini also demanded either that
the old tripartite agreement of three
years ago, dividing Asia Minor into
three zones of influence. be reaffrmed
in so far as 1t applied to territory to
be taken by the Turks. or that Italy
receive in return certain compensa-
ton. which he refused exactly to
formulate.
His position rests in part upon the
fact that the Allies in Paris, In the
absence OF vittorio Orlando. then Pre-
Inier of Italy, made the original dis
tribution of the colonies TO be man.
dated, leaving Italy out. Mussolini's
actions fiabbergasted the French and
British, who do not know how to deal
with him. Naturally the effect will
be to throw NJ. Poincare and Lord
Curzon into a combination against
Mussolini as a Fascista leader hold
ing. as he does, and as recent events
seem TO prove, almost absolute power
in Italy. He believes he holds the
cards for Italy and has promised his
followers that he will play them to
take some tricks for Italy.
with Allies Against Turks.
His action here has left the allied
front somewhat broken before the
Turks. although Mussolini has made II
plain that in principle he is entirely
with the other two countries in re-
sisting Turkish demands. but he wants
simply equal rights for italy In the
distribution of some OF the prizes of
war as the price OF continuing in con-
cert lie is complete puzzle to the
others.
Mussolinl attended the allied dinner
given by the French delegates tonight.
but continued to hold himself In great
reserve. When he left the Lausanne
Palace Hotel. where the dinner was
held, he was cheered by n crowd In the
corridor. while the other principals were
merely gazed at.
The Turks appeared. IL not as victors.
at least not as the vanquished at the
opening Of the Near Eastern Peace Con-
ference to-day, which Lord Curzon said
he hoped would be the last OF the peace
conferences following the world war
Ismet Pasha said that the Turks had
suspended hostillties four years ago on
promise of a peace based upon Woodrow
Wilson's fourteen points. but that she
had got no such peace and had gone on
fighting a defensive war. A little slim
man, Ismet gave the impression of be-
ing prepared to press Turkeys position
caused by her victories. TO the very limit.
The Turks sat on the side OF the hall
opposite the Allies in the auditorium OF
the casino. where the formal opening
session was held.
First Session Open.
This IL the only distinction drawn be-
tween the Allies and their erstwhile
enemies The session was staged for
all the world like n Sunday afternoon
lecture, with palm decorated platform
upon which sat reporters. and with the
front chairs all new ana numbered re-
served for distinguished principals. The
positions of the Turks and the Allies
viii be outlined for the first time In a
closed meeting tomorrow at the Hotel
dc Chateau beside the lake. Then Il
will be seen how far the Turks intend
70 press their demands for completely
independent Turkey whose status shall
hereafter be that of practical equality
with other nations. with no such ar
rangement as that OF the so-called capt
tulations to mark her inferiority.
The Turks stll insist they will stand
In this position. If Lloyd George Is
missing, the spectators at these confer
ences have new figure upon which to