davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1922-02-10

tury. In the fourteenth century,
coaches Of the most elaborate design
and finish were being made, but their
use was mostly confined to royalty
or those of ample means. The State
Carriage of Bavaria. for instance
made in the early Eighteenth century,
was probably the most grotesquely
ornate vehicle seen either before or
since that time. 1t was hand carved
with elaborate designs that covered
every conceivable part, even extend
ing down the spokes.
Early Steam Carriages
In l796 Cugnot made a steam car
rlage In France. 1t was a great lum-
bering affair that accommodated three
or four persons. But the difficulties
which beSet the inventor in his efforts
to navigate his creation and the dam
gers attendant upon such a task dis
couraged him. Nothing much was
done with the steam carriage until
1909 when Richard Trevethick made
one in England. This remained in
the inventors shop being improved
or repaired, as the case might be,
until 1924 when several other ma
chimes of the same design appeared.
In fact 1t was during that year that
a regular line of steam carriages ran
between Cheltenham and Gloucester,
covering the distance In the hair
raising sped of ten miles an hour.
Speed Limit-Four Miles an Hour
The opponents to the steam carriage
were SO persistent and determined in
their opposition that they were able
to secure royal legislation which pre-
scribed that at least three men must
be employed in the carriages opera
tion that man must precede 1t while
In motion with red lantern or flag ,
that tho maximum speed should be
four miles an hour, and that they
were forbidden ever to blow off
steam. This was such drastic legis-
lation that It discouraged further
effort toward mechanical transporta-
tlon for several years.
In 1883 Butler is believed to have
built the first vehiele-a tricycle.
propelled by an internal combustion
engine. During the same year the
internal combustion engine burning
petroleum spirit was invented by
Gottleib Daimler, and thus were
heard the infantile cries of an in
dustry which was destined to become
one Of the economic giants Of the
civilized world. II was the beginning
of the present automobile.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1922-02-10
EVOLVING THE AUTO
MOBILE

1. Primitive man makes a
sledge, and ages later puts
rollers under it.
2. Prehistoric man invents
wheel and fashions rude cart.
3. in 18th Century B. c.,
Hittites make war on Egyp-
tians with $500 armored
chariots-precursor of mod
ern tanks.
4. Chariot races of early
Christian era foreshadow
speedway classics.
5. Ornate state coaches
provide limousines for early
modern period.
6. In 1896 Cugnot makes
first steam carriage.
7. In 1887 Levassor Is said
to have designed first auto
mobile with internal combus-
ton engine.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1922-02-10
The First Automobile

One of the most interesting points
In connection with the development
OF the automobile is associated with
A. N. LevaSsor, the first designer.
He was a member of the firm of Pan
hard and Levassor, a French house
manufacturing wood working ma
chinery. During the Paris Exhibit
In 1887 both Panhard and Levsssor
became interested in a motor pro-
PEELED boat exhibited BY Daimler.
The boat made daily sailings on the
Seine and attracted wids attention.
After the exhibit, Panhard and L.
yassor secured the French patents for
the motor in It's application to the
boat and then it was that Leyassor
made a design. using the motor as the
proPelllng power for an automo-
bile. He worked, Of course, With
out precedent, but, curiously en-
ough, there has never been snv
fundamental change made In the
designs which he Arst outlined.
Evening star., 1922-10-21

Earliest human dwellings were
probably natural shelters. such as
caves. overhanging rocks and dense
ly interviewer foliage, according to
an interesting account of the devel-
opment of mans home by writer
in s. w. Straus Company's magazine.
The first form Of architecture was
seen in the initial attempts to dig
pits as dwelling places.
The primitive man went into the
earth and sought warmth and pro-
lection from the elements in pit
dwellings, but the habit Of living in
pits must have been developed after
the disappearance of those huge AMI
mails which in earlier times would
have broken through the roof OF such
a place. the article sets forth.
In each case, the home was round
in shape and went downward for
seven feet and sometimes ten. over
the top of the pit was placed a hrm
cover of interlaced branches well
daubed with clay and mud, and from
the bottom a tunnel ran diagonally
upward toward the surface. This
tunnel was the entrance and exit TO
the apartment. Such dwellings were
found in Germany as late as the first
century of the Christian era.
In all this long period from the
Neolithic time to our own, this nrst
idea of man. his instructive liking for
round shapes, has ever been noticea-
BILE so that we find it in prehistoric
funeral mounds. in the beehive>hou
of Ireland, in the great wheel WIN
Evening star., 1922-10-21
SENATOR ACQUIRES
ELK|NS RESIDENCE.
Massachusetts Avenue Home
Is Reported Sold for IS
About $4,000. .5

Senator William B. Mckinley OF
Illinois las just purchased from Mrs.
Stephen B. Elktns the large residences
at 1896 Massachusetts, avenue norm, TN
west, it was announced today: The
sale was negotiated through the or
fice of Glover & F1ather.
While the consideration was not
divulged, it is understood the prop
erty was held for a price slightly
under S70.000
The house is of the English base
ment type, with about eighteen rooms
and four baths. There is a garage
in the rear. The STRUCTURE "e
erected in 1912.
A number Of other sales were an
nounced by Glover & Fathers once.
The property at 1861 r street, the
former home of Alfred p. Thorn. mas
been sold to Col. Morris Il. Locke;
who. after extensive alterations ana
improvements, will occupy IT as MS
home.
avenue, the former home OF the Iaee
DR.. Fremont-Smith. has been SOLD 90
a local investor whose name is with
held for the present. The considera-
tion in these two latter properties
was not stated. n,
The business building located at 4lS-Zl
9th street northwest was sofa LOT
Fayette T. Moore. The name OF pur-
chaser and price paid for the properly
were withheld. -.
The improvements consist OF uo
stores on the ground floor, with larSe
room covering the entire second moor.
II is understood that the new owner
purcha sed the property for an lnVest-
ment and will improve il in the near
future. t.,.
Evening star., 1922-10-21
name CT. DON0H0E
COMMITTEE HEAD
Real Estate Appraisers Elect
Successor to William
L. BeaIe.

Clarence F. Donohoe has been elected
chairman Of the appraisal committee OF
the Washington Real Estate Board for
the ensuing year. it was announced to-
day by Charles 8. Shreve. newly-eiected
president of the board.
Mr. Donohue succeeds William L.
Beale, who held the craftsmanship for
three successive years and who refused
to allow his name to be put forward FOR
denomination as a member of the COM
mittee at the recent annual meeting.
The members of the group selected Mr..
Donohoe as their head at the first meet
ing Of the committee, during the past
week
This committee, which holds weekly
meetings. is in complete charge OF all
appraisais Of real estate made through
elected from the active membership OF
the real estate board and the policy OF
selecting only such men as are thor
oughy experienced in the work Is fol-
lowed.
For the coming year the committee
consists of Clarence F. Donohoe. Arthur
Carr. J. Dallas Grady. B. T. Webster.
Thomas P Bones, William ]. Flatiler.
jr. and Theodore NJ. Judd.
In anticipation Of an active year for
the real estate board. Mr.. Shreve stated
that earnest consideration was being
given by the executive committee to the
personnel of the various committees that
will have charge Of the boards work.
1t is expected that the more important
and active committees will be completed
within few days and as soon as an
nouncement of the personnel Is made.
plans for the coming year will be out
lined and put into operation.
To Choose Luncheon Committee.
One of the committees, which the
officers of the board are anxious to COM
plete is the luncheon committee. Re
sponsibility for the luncheon gatherings
rests entirely with this committee. and
as these meetings in the past year
proved so successful. it is desirable to
renew the program within the near
future.
Another committee that is expected
to do active work Is the convention COM
mittee. Through the efforts of this COM
mittee the local board expects to send
a large delegation to the Cleveland con-
vention next June. Considerable pre-
liminary arrangements are necessary to
organize the delegation properly, and
this committee requires several months
in which to perfect its plans.
Evening star., 1922-10-21

Publication and free distribution to
those interested of handbook on
evolutionary processes in wood con-
struction. evolved by the scientihc re-
search department of the Nationai
Lumber Manufacturers Association.
the United States forest service ana
other technical organizations, Is TO De
undertaken by the local headquarters
of the National Lumber Manufacture
ers' Association. it was announced to-
day.
An Orderly Digest.
The associations technical and re-
search department.. in collaboration
with the structural service bureau OF
Philadelphia, will issue a series OF
uniform publications which VIII pe @ an
comprehcnding all the available in
formation on this subject. At present
there is no one place where builder.
engineer, architect or home owner
can find a summary of modern knowl-
tered through the technical periodl.
calls. trade brochures. proceedings OF
societies and associations. etc. The
series will be in several parts, o!
number of chapters each. under the
Utilization" and will ultimately ap-
pear in book form. They will be
carefully prepared, well printed and
adequately illustrated. There will be
no advertising matter of propaganda:
and it will be entirely preventative OF
facts and principles relating to the
proper uses of wood in construction.
The distribution will be without
charge though only upon request
after the first chapter from persons
likely to make use of the data.
Compilations and Digests.
In part. the new publications will be
compilations. digests and reprints OF
publications that have recorded the
results of current research. but there
will be much new matter necessitated
by the great progress recently made
in the Improvement of frame and
ordinary construction for utility. per-
manence. beauty and immunity from
fire. as well as in the changing forms
and species of materials. Moreover.
the occasional publications have
ELECTED many helpful criticisms and
suggestions from architects. en-
gipeers. builders. educational au-
thorities and others. of which this re-
vision will take advantage.
AS three fourths of all American
Evening star., 1922-10-21
LUMBER MAKERS TO DISTRIBUTE
BOOK ON WOOD CONSTRUCTION

structures are OF frame construction.
and wood remains the most econom-
ical structural! material throughout
the country, it is considered gener-
lent form some of the essential
knowledge and principles regarding
its utilization.
The first chapter. which is devoted
to an account of the purposes and
technical. educational and informa-
Manufacturers Association. is on the
press and will be mailed. together
with prospectus of the complete
series. to architects. engineers. con-
tractors. building officials. technical
schools. colleges, libraries and trade
publications.
Chapters ON Fire Prevention.
There will follow next in the series
several chapters on fire prevention,
the first of which will deal with the
suggestion, still rather novel in
America. of imposing personal LA
bility for preventable fires. Copies
of existing laws and ordinances or
is expressed that such legislation
will tend to exert profound influ-
ence lin correcting the defects of
character which make for America
so unfavorable a showing among the
more prudent nations of the world"
deals in detail with forms of con-
struction that tend to stop or prevent
fires in both frame and ordinary con-
struction. Chapter deals particu-
larly with chimneys. flues and fire.
places. Chapter discusses house
hold heating and lighting hazards
and includes recommendation for the
installation and protection of cook
ing stoves and ranges. heating ap-
paratus. pipes. registers. steam and
hot-water pipes. gas and electrical
appliances. etc.
1t is pointed out that wood Is in
dispensable to suitable and econom-
ical housing, even though the edifice
itself Is of so-called non-combustible
material; that it took centuries to
produce the trees from which the
lumber comes and that an infinite
amount of labor and care goes into
the manufacture of lumber and con-
struction. with no corresponding ef
fort for its protection and preserva-
ton. 1t is only by making every
board go as far and last as long as
possible that the United States can
endure with any degree of comfort
and convenience the future years of
lumber scarcity.
Evening star., 1922-10-21
DIGGING OF PITS AS DWELLINGS
FIRST FORM OF ARCHITECTURE

dows of Gothic architecture, cathedral
domes, the Roman temples dedicated
to Vesta and. even in many of the
French chateaux Of comparatively
modern times.
Eventually. this round form OF
architecture became subordinate to a
shape never found in natures own
work-a square or an oblong. These
rectangular forms were developed in
the quest for more commodious homes
So long as the diameter of a round
house did not exceed IS or 20 feet the
old method would suffice. Rounded
stakes were driven into the earth to
form a circle and plaster was insert
ed between the poles to make an air.
tight wall. Such a structure was suf.
ficiently strong to support a good
matched roof which would be rain
proof and offer adequate resistance
to high winds. But this was only
practical in a small house. There was
only room for one family. and with
the development of tribe spirit which
included a great chief or king, it was
necessary to build a sort of palace
where the supreme leader would dwell
surrounded by his servants and re-
tainerS.
Experiments showed that a build
ing with corners offered less resist
ance to the wind per amount of in
terror area than a round structure.
1t probably required many centuries
of experiment before the Saxons
evolved their system OF living with
retainers in great oblong homes.
Then the Saxon chieftain who had
Evening star., 1922-10-21
FIRE INSURANCE PART
OF REAL ESTATE WORK
William D. Elicit Points Out Close
Relation in Address to
~" Glass.

Close relation of fire insurance to
the real estate business was defined
by William d. Elicit, in addressing
this weeks session of the Y. Nj. G. A.
real estate class.
Mr.. Elicit stated that a modern real
estate Office Is not complete unless
1t has distinct department. the ac-
voted to insurance work. While this
department handles various lines of
insurance, the main feature OF its
work Is developed in cooperation
with the other departments of a real
estate office. in the placing of fire
hold furniture and protecting the in
terest Of the mortgage in connection
with mortgage loans.
1t was pointed out that through the
development of state insurance de-
partments an insurance commits
sioner is the public official from
whom the layman can obtain accurate
INFORMATION on the standing and re-
sponsibility of insurance companies.
A regular system of investigation is
followed by the states in the inter-
est of protecting the public and as
actual practice. Mr.. Elicit stated. the
average layman Is totally unfamiliar
with the insurance contract and must
depend entirely on his broker to see
that proper coverage is written for
his protection. This is u solemn duty
of the broker. and in order to be
properly qualified to handle his
clients matters the broker should be
thoroughly familiar with the various
forms of policies and the meaning of
the technical terms and conditions
that make up the modern insurance
policy contract.
In writing insurance brokers take
into consideration the moral stand
financial standing and through CO.
operative scheme companies protect
themselves by the mutual distribu-
tion of confidential information to
assist in determining the desirability
of the risks offered. Through the
DEVELOPMENT of the Underwriters As
Evening star., 1922-10-21
REALTORS GO FISHING.
Party Entertained by c. F. Donohoe
at Benedict. #

Members of the retiring executive
and appraisal committees of the
washington Real Estate Board we're
guests Saturday of Clarence F. Don.
oboe. new chairman of the appraiser
committee, at a fishing party az
Benedict, I'D.
The party of local realtors motored
to the resort in the early morning
and devoted the greater part OF the
day to fishing. A dinner was served
at the country estate of Mr.. Donohoe,
situated on the waterfront. In the
afternoon athletic sports were par
ticipated in
Among the guests of Mr.. Donohoe
were ]. Leo Kolb, William L. beaie'
Charles S. Shreve. Percy II. Russell !
]. Dallas Grady. r. p. Whitty, j. Z.
Weldon and Daniel Altman.
Evening star., 1922-10-21

ambitions to maintain a court could
not keep his servants and retainers
at the proper distance. When ne
learned to construct square or oo-
long hall he could maintain his throne
at one end of the building ana tne
rank Of each retainer was acknowl-
edged by the position he occupied IN
the hall either near to his boss or at
a distance.
1t does not require much reflection
to discover how things have improved
since those ancient days. Today II
he can afford 1t. the master has a
comfortable six-room apartment and
can seclude himself for weeks from,
his servants If he is lucky enough to
keep them for that length of time.
Evening star., 1922-10-21

sociation. the broker is now able to
render expert advice to his client
in the matter of using modern fire.
prevention appliances that automatically
reduce insurance costs.
Owing to the favorable conditions
in Washington. such as a most ef-
ficient fire department. wide streets
and scarcity of frame construction,
the basic insurance rate Is considera-
bly, lower than in most cities
throughout the country.
The detail of operation of the in
surance department was outlined to
the class in a manner that tied in
with the general study of the real
estate business. The subject Of real
estate loans. which will comprise a
complete analysis of the mortgage
department of the real estate busi-
ness. will be dicussed at the next
meeting Of the class by Edmund D..
Rheem. member of the local real es-
tate board.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-09-01
PICKENS HIGH OPENS
Dr. Mckinley Speaks-Enrollment
 Double Last Year

Reform. August 31.-(Special.)- )-
 The Pickens County High school opened here yesterday with largest enrolment in the history of the school. Dr. V. P. Mckinley of the University of Alabama delivered an appropriate address for the occa- sion. In his remarks he appealed to the pupils to decide on a profess sion or trade early in life and pre- pare for 1t. The auditorium was packed to overflowing in the corri- dors with pupils and parents in- terested in school work. The gram mar school opened at the same time
 Talks were made by Rev. l.. M. Matthews. Principal F. S. Ward, Professors Howell and Davis, and Superintendent Storey. Professor A S Corgill, principal of the city school, introduced the faculty for the grades as follows; Mrs. Rosa Proc tor, sixth and seventh grades; Mrs. Ethel Liddell, fifth grade; Mrs. B.. F. Davis, third grade; Mrs. N. S. Driver. second grade; Miss Hall. first grade.
 There were enrolled in the county high school 147. in the graded school 112. The enrolment of the high school is exactly double the enroll ment on first day last year. With all probability the enrolment of high school will approach the 200 mark in short while.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-09-01
Mr. Horace Hammond Honored at Louely
 Party

On Thursday evening at their beautiful home "cliff Gables" Mrs. Horace Hammond gave MT. Hammond a Surprise party" on the occasion of his birthday.
 The affair took the form of a beautiful dinner to which 12 of MT. Hammond's friends were bidden, the event being entirely unknown to him until the guests assembled.
 Many felicitations were showered upon MT Hammond on the suspicious occasion, and Mrs. Hammond was declared by the guests to be a charming hostess, the dinner being beautiful in every respect
 The table was decorated with profusion of garden flowers. the birthday cake being arranged very uniquely. Tiny little fish made os icing adorned the cake, while a fish, erman with miniature fishing rod and tackle formed the center-the original idea being arranged by Mrs. Hammond, because of MT. Hammond's fondness for the sport.
 Those who enjoyed the hospitality on the occasion of MT. Hammonds & birthday, were Mir. Morris Bush. MT. j. l.. Drennen, MT. Lowell Yerkes, Mir. Jelks Cabiness, MT. Archie Witte, Mir Joe Walker. MT. Harry Geismer. MT. H. c. Siebels, Mir. Pelham An derson, MT. Val J. Nesbitt and MT. Tom Bowron.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-09-01


 One of the loyeliest bits of grace ful, careless music that Shakespeare ever wrote Is that song of Autolycus when he tells us that:
 "A merry heart goes all the way
 Your sad, tires In mile-a,"
 Which is simply the equivalent of saying that your attitude toward life makes all the difference.
 Take a dark view; start with 2 black cloud about your soul, the shortest road will seem long, the smoothest path will seem harsh and broken, the pleasantest company will seem dull and tedious, roses will have no odor, bird song will be a fretful twitter, and even the majestic roof, fretted with golden fire" will turn into foul and pestilent congrega- tion of vapors.'
 But take singing spirit with you and fatigue will be forgotten, little rubs will furnish merry testing, odd, brusque. chance acquaintance will supply kindly companionship, and the journey of long day and the whole journey of life will be a con tinued pleasure jaunt, rich with ever new variety of contentment and diversion.
 All of which brings me to one of the happiest, gentlest, most wonder full natures I have come In contact with in many day-Mr. J. H. George, instructor in vocational and physical training for the Birming ham Association of the Blind-his own sightless eyes seeing for him all the beautiful things of life.
 Work Panacea
 MT. George will tell you that with those with whom "The Light That Failed" has left it's mark-''work' Is the panacea-just as it is with those who "see the light"
 Happy, joyous. optimistic, buoyant in his busy life. Mir. George says:
 There Is really very little differ ence between teaching the sightless and those who see; there is some difference of course in the prepara- tion for study, otherwise it is much the same.
 There are apt pupils-talented- among the blind, just as one finds among those who are not blind. and the fact that one of the five senses has been crippled seems to give an added sensitiveness to the remain ing ones; so the touch becomes more acute and fingers more delft many