davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
NATIONAL FARM FARLEY CLOSES
 AT WASHINGTON
Wage 'Deflation' Proposal Is Strenuously Opposed by
 Samuel Gompers
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED
Delegates Urge Government to Accept Ford's Offer,
 For Muscle Shoals

WASHINGTON, Jan. 27- The na- tional agricultural conference went on record today. in adopting its trans portation committees report, as fav- bring participation by railroad labor and railroad corporations in the gen. eral price 'deflation," after it had stricken from another committees report a recommendation for repeal of the Adamson eight-hour law, and the bringing down" of wages of rail road labor and other industrial labor to parity with the return received by the farmer.
 The conference, which began it's five day session here Monday, did not complete it's consideration of re- ports and went into a night session with the prospect of taking a final ad- journment before midnight
 Oppose Wage Deflation
 The debate on the question of wage "deflation" today was long and at times vehement. The proposal was strenuously fought by Samuel Comp CTS, president of the American Feder- ation of Labor. Several farmers who opposed reduction in wages and belp- ed tD defeat the first recommends tion, supported the proposal finally adopted.
 The conference also endorsed a nro. pos2l that the St. Lawrence.Great Lakes waterway project be complet. ed after one committees recommen. dation to this effect had been lost. Action for repeal of the six per cent guarantee clause of the transporta. of debate. also received favorable ac- ton on later report. Approve Ford's Offer The conference recommended conl- pietion of the projects at Muscle shoals. Ala, and urged that the gov. ernment accept the offer of Henry Ford to lease.. Reduction of freight rates on farm products, livestock and products of allied industries to the basis prior to the increase of August 1920, also was urged, as we'll as the restoration of certain rate making powers to state railroad commissions. Re-adjustment of rates affecting other commodities should follow as quickly as possible, it was added. Legislation to prevent the railroads from includ. ing the Hand multiple in making LID their re-valuations" was further rec. commended. Development of the Mississippi riv- CT as an artery of commerce was ad- vocated with the adoption of report which declared that during and since the war, there has been a great increase in navigation in the lower Mississippi river. and on the Ohio river.
 Favor Power Projects Development of navigation on the Missouri, Ohio and Red rivers also was suggested in this report, as well as joint water and rail rates and ter minals.
 The conference went on record as opposing repeal of the Panama Canal tolls, saying the people of the Unit. ed States have invested a large sum of money in the Panama Canal" Other recommendations included:
 Development of hydro-electric pow CT projects to make current available to the small consumer on the farm and in the village.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
BLOCK ATTEMPT
 ID DITCH TRAIN
Former Switchman Wounded by Officers While Engaged
 in Wrecking Plot

LOS ANGELES, Jan. 27-An at tempt to wreck the southbound Shorc Line Limited of the Southern Pacific system at Glendale, a suburb, was made tonight. A former switchman named Lambertson was probably fat ally shot by officers as result of ths affair.
 Lambertson was shot, officers said, after he had nailed down a derailing device which might have shunted the train off the track and into a ravine.
 The train was carrying money said to be in excess of $70,000 and the supposed motive of the attempt at wrecking was to obtain this. Some reports placed the amount aboard the train as high as $150,000.
 Lambertson is said by the police to be wanted in Seattle to answer two charges of murder and by the govern ment for alleged syndicalism. He is 3S years old.
 The police were said to have learn ed of his alleged plans, when, it is re- ported, he confided in a Los Angeles detective without knowing the lat ter's identity. in the hope of obtain ing assistance.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
Harding To Probe Reports Of
 Profiteering On Farm Loans

WASHINGTON, Jan. 27.-President Harding, 1t was said today at the White House, will investigate reports that banks in the west and south west have been loaning federal funds provided by the war finance corpora tion at rates which are above the legal percentages allowed. and which have been declared usurious.
 The usual rate charged for fed eral loans to farmers and stock rais CTS in the sections mentioned IS 515 per cent, it was said, but the stock raisers have been charged rates vary ing from s to 10 per cent. snd M many instances, a commission also has been charged.
 Secretary Fall, in the cabinet meet ing today, it was said by White House officials, reported the situation to the president, who immediately commu- nicated with Eugene Meyer, Jr., man aging director of the War Finance
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28

corporation, who verified the report.
 Meyer, wno immediately came ,v the White House. told the president personally that most of the loans to stock raisers had been made to the banks handling the loans at the gen. eral rate of 51a per cent. and that in only a few instances had the rates been 6 per cent.
 Meyer also told the president. it was said, that he had learned the banks in the southwest had been charging as much as 3 per cent for six months loan and charging an extra per cent commission for each renewal.
 The legal rate banSs gre allowed to charge the stock raisers over the federal rate of 51R per cent, it was explained, is only per cent. The rate is to cover the cost of inspection and the risk on the loans ane other similar charges.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
PEETE CASE TO
 bE CARRIED II
 SUPREME COURT
Writ of Error Is Allowed in Order .Woman's Appeal
 May Be Acted Upon

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 27.-A writ of error was allowed by the state su- preme court this afternoon in the case of Mrs. Louise Peete. convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Jacob Denton of Los Angeles, in order to permit her attor neys to carry out their announced in- tention to appeal to the supreme court of the United States.
 Counsel obained the writ of error on contention that the lower courts should have granted SITS. -eeie writ of habeas corpus for release from San Quentin prison. The habeae croprs had Eeen sought on the ground that a thirteenth or alternate juror, who later became an active juror, was not chosen in accordance with California law.
 Neither the state supreme court nor the United States district court upheld this contention. The same contention is to be the basis of the projected appeal to the federal su- preme court, it was announced
 Today's application for a writ of error was made direct to Chief Jus tice Lucien Shaw, who granted it i'm mediately.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
SECOND WORLD ARMS MEETING
 DECIDED UPON
Next Conference Will Write Laws to Govern Submarine
 and Other War Agencies
EXACTDATE UNDECIDED
Five Big Powers Already Are Agreed Regarding Farley;
 Others to Be Invited

WASHINGTON, Jan. 27.-(By the Associated Press) - The groundwork for another international conference to rewrite the laws of war for sub marine and other agencies of attack on land and sea was completed today by the arms delegates.
 Under a resolution adopted by the armament commission. preparations for the new conference will begin inn mediatelv upon conclusion of the Washington negotiations. The Unit ed States, Great Britain. France. Jap ar and Italy will be represented. and the American government will select the exact time and place of meeting.
 The first step toward revision of warfare regulations is to be taken by a commission" presumably com posed of international Jaw experts without plenipotentiary powers. but the resolution provides that after they have agreed, the five govern ments shall confer as to the accept ance of the report and the course to be followed to secure the oonsidera- tion of it's recommendations, by the other civilized powers"
 It is taken for granted that Ques- tions of national policy as well as legal considerations will enter into the final devisions reached, and that the whole problem Of the submarine will be re-opened when the powers gather once more about the council table.
 The armament committee adopted the resolution with short meeting called while most of the other acti- .vities of the conference were waitiGg on a decision of the Shantung contro- versy. The Far Eastern committee likewise met and adopted it's previ- ous declaration on the Chinese radio situation.
 The Shantung negotiations still hesitated just short of an agreement, but the feeling seemed to be univer- sal that day or two probably would see a complete acceptance of the set clement plan supported by President Harding The breach between the Japanese and Chinese was said to have been narrowed to a question of the extent to which the former shall participate in management Of the Tsing Tao-Tsinan Flu railroad during the period in which China is complet- ing payment for it.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
Wilhelm Still Der Rink, Says Berlin
 ROyalist Paper

BERLIN, Jan. 27.-(By the As sociated Press) William Hohen- zollern still is German emperor and king of Prussia" on the occa- sion of his sixty-third birthday, which occurred today, according to the monarchist press. These newspapers recall with sadness the pomp and parades of this day in former years.
 The Kreuz Zeitung, which re- produces teh iron cross with the motto, Forward with God for King and the Fatlierland," says William was forced to renounce his throne by traitors and false advisers.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
MINES TO RESUME COPPER PRODUCTION;
 C. o. SHELTER TO OPEN AGAIN FEBRUARY 1
GERMAN COMMUNISTS FAIL IN
 EFFORT TO UPSET POLITICAL
 POWER OF CHANCELLOR WIRTH

BERLIN, Jan. 27.-(By The Asso- ciated Press. )-After debate on the speech which Chancellor Wirth made yesterday. the Communists in the reichstag moved a vote of lack of confidence in the government today, but it eventually fell through for a lack of support. The Nationalists declared that while they were dis satisfied with the governments at titude, they would not support the Communists motion.
 The chancellor's policy of fulfill ment" was fully endorsed by the minority Socialist, Mueller, who de- clared that everything that would re- kindle hatred must be avoided.
 Second Payment Made
 PARIS. Jan. 27.-(By The Associ- ated Press.) - The German govern ment has notified the separations
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
B e t ter Friendship Wit h Canadians Is Urged Kiwanis Club

CHICAGO, Jan. 27. - Increased friendliness between the United States and Canada was urged by George H. Ross of Toronto, Ont. trustee of the Kiwanis Club Interna- tional. in an address before represen- tatives of 30 Kiwanis Clubs here to- day
 Kiwanis Clubs in the United States meetings during the first week in April will observe a Canadian Day and those in Canada will obsevre a United States Day, he announced.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
ADMIRAL DE BON ILL

NEW MORK, Jan. 27.-Admiral de Bon of the French delegation to the Washington armament conference, is confined to his rooms in a hotel here, suffering with a slight broncaIaI az tack. His illness, the hotel manage ment said, is not sufficiently serious to necessitate the services of a phy- sician.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
BANDITS STEAL HUGE
 SHIPMENTS OF SILK

NEW YORK, Jan. 27.-Two bandits held up a Philadelphia-bo automo- bile truck loaded with s3O,OOO worth of silks and textiles on Washington street between Houston and Clark son streets tonight, and shot and probably mortally wounded the chauf- feur, John Overton, a negro. August Koepp, a guard, riding with him, also was wounded
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
Explain to Allies

BERLIN, Jan. 27.-(By The Asso- ciated Press) s)-According to the Tageblatt, the German note to the reparations commission, in explain ing the governments plan to balance the budget, especially mentions in- creases in postal and railway rates. It points out, says the newspaper, that the ordinary budget for 1922 balances, and that only the extraor- dinary expenditure, mainly for rep arations, remains uncovered.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28

commission that 31,000,000 gold marks have been deposited in vari- ous banks in compliance with the 10 day payment schedule adopted by the commission at the recent SUI preme council meeting at Cannes. The first payment of 31,000,000 gold marks, under this schedule, was made by Germany on January 19.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
Copper Queen Announces Resumption Of Activities
 In Douglas And Bisbee
hree Blast Furnaces Big Reduction Plant Will Again Be Fired Up Next Wednesday; Between 400 and 500
 Men Will Be Employed When Operations Resumed
TWO CITIES ARE CHEERED BY ANNOUNCEMENTS HERALDED AS ENDING PERIOD OF DEPRESSION
General Manager Doe Makes First Definite Statement Concerning Operations Says No Outside Labor Will
 Be Necessary; No Announcement Yet by Creenvay

Produeon of will be Warren Queen Ih blast furnaces of the Copper Queen shelter Douglas will the reduction of February These two probably the
 
 C. H. oowel general manager of the Copper
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
TO
 MEET FEB. 2ND
 ID ELECT PIPE
Mass Celebrated Yesterday in St. Peters Near Tomb of
 Late Benedict XV

ROME. Jan. 27.-The College of Cardinals will enter into conclave February to elect a pope in success sion to the late Pope Benedict, ac- cording to an announcement made this evening by the Osservatatore Ro- mano, the official organ of the Vati- can.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
Mass Is Celebrated

ROME, JaL. 27.-(By the Associat- ed Press) Mass was celebrated to- day near the tomb of Benedict XIV in St. Peters by Monsignor Sang de Samper. major domo of the Vatican Requiem mass also was sung on the high altar in the church. Two more requiem masses will be celebrated on the high altar, and after that requiem mass will be sung in the Sistine Chapel. until the nine Novendiali masses are completed on February 1.
 St. Peters Square resumed its nor nal aspect today. Inside the Vatican. preparations were under way by the
 lContinued on Page Fourl
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28

ARIZONA: Generally fair Saturday, much colder north portion; Sunday fair.
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28
PRICES

Average week l2-2s-'21 .13625 Average week l-l1-'22 ---- 1850 Average week 1-1S-'22 ---. 1850 Close week 1-1S-'22 .-....--...- 1850
 MONTHLY QUOTATIONS
 Average for Aug. 1921 - .11s48
Bisbee daily review., 1922-01-28

Continued on Page Four)
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
DON JOAQUIN M. DE TORRES

EnSla manana de aver dej6 de exis
tir en- su residencia de Santurce ell
distinguido caballero don Joaquin M.
de Torres, elemento social de gran
valia que lego a conqufstar por su cul
tura, y sus grandes m6ritos, muchos y
mercedes afectos en- la ciudad de san
Juan.
La muerte del senior Torres ha 81
do, por 10 que dejanos expuesto, un
suoeso que ha producido hondo duelo,
del que participant los irtcontables ami
gos del cabaIero fenecido. Don joaquin
M. de Torres ocupaba en- el American
Colonial Bank Ell cargo de assistant
del Vice presidente de dicha institu-
ici6n. cargo de confanza distinction
que desempen6 con gran habilidad e
inteligencia, haciendose acredor STEM
pre- los mas justos elogios.
Ell sepelio del cadaver del sefior To-
rres, efectuado aver. resulto una gran
manifestation de duelo, que puso de
relieve las simpatfas y afectos que con
quisto Ell fnado.
Enviamos su apenada esposa, hi
jos Y demas fami.iares, la expression de
nuestro mas sentido pesame.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
Una cdrtQ del
Sr. Denton
San Juan, P. R., Nov. 8, 1929.

San Juan, p R., Nov. 8, 1922.
Sr. Director del peri6dico
Ell MUNDO,
San Juan, P. r.
Muy senior mfo:
En- el n1nero correspondence al
dfa de hoy del periodico Ell MUM
DO que I'd. dirige, aparece una in
formation en- la que Sc dice que 20
he manifestado varios amigos que
estoy actuando en- los asuntos relacio-
nades con la Administrator Munich
pal de Toa Alta, de acuerdo con ms
trucciones que he recibido del Hon.
Gobernador.
Como tai information es completa-
mente inexacta, porque no he mani
festado nadie NADIA relacionado con
mi actuacion como Juez Municipal,
me permito dirigirle la presente con
el fin de que Sc publique en- el mis-
mo sitio en- que apareci6 la aludida
information, con el fin de que la OPT
MON p1blica no Sc extravie.
Con gracias anticipates, quedo de
I'd. alto. S. S.,
RUPERT E. DENTON.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
Ell SEPELIo DEL cADAvER DE DON
ALFREDO MORALES Sc EFEcTUA
RA Ell vIERNES POR LA MANANA

DE La compafia del Gable Frances,
de la cual fue director ell malogrado
y estimadisimo caballero don Alfredo
Morales, nos comunican que Ell vapor
"Filade- fa'', que conduce San Juan
Ell cadaver de dicho senior, entrara en-
este puerto el viernes primera ho-
ra, motive por Ell cual ell entierro de
er distinguido caballero Sc efectuara
mananaS viernes temprano.
! Nos completeness, en- publican la
notscia para conociniiento del publico
IN general, especialmente de las psrso-
mas que asistiran al entierro, que, a
no dudar, debido las grandes simpa-
tias del extinto caballero, seran hume
rosisimas.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
F. BENITEz RExACH

Aver regres6 de los Estados Unidos
81 prominente financiero estimadisi
mo amigo nrestro. don Felix Benitez
7exach.
Regresa Ell senior Benitez despues
de una larga temporada en- ell Norte,
en- donde ha realizado una fructife-
ra labor de negocios dignos de los ma
yores elogios.
Al saludar al estimado amigo, le
deseamos Ell mayor 6xito en- sus nego.
>cios.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
OPOSICION MARCADA CON
IRA LODGE

NUEvA YORK, noviembre 8.-Los
nformes completes que Sc han recibi-
do sobre las elecciones de Massachus-
sets demuestran que ell senador Henry
Cabot Lodge, actual presidente de la
uits de Relaciones Exteriores del Sc
nado uno de los hombres mas infiu
yentes BE "a Administrator actual,
quizas la f1gura mas infuyente del Sc
lado, ftH electo por una pequena plu
ralidad de 1916 votos, rnientras que sll
companero de ticket, ell candidate re-
.puhlicano p Gobernador, gano por una
mayor.a de cinco mil doscientos votos.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
MoJADos CONTRA sEcos

WASHINGTON, noviembre g. Los
fxitos inesperados de los pro-licoristas
obtenidos en- ell dia de aver, durante
las elecciones ceIebradas, han sido mo
two para que los lideres politicos anun
Glen, como han anunciado y proclama
Go al pub tco, que estaban mas que
justificados al volver ? poner sobre Ell
tapete ell problema de la prohibieioa
en- ell seno del Congreso.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
LOS ALIADOS DIRIGEN UN UL
TIMATUM A LOS TURCOS

PARIS, noviembre S.-El sPetit
Parisien' afirrna que los Altos Conf
sarios A'iados entregaron anoche Is
met Pasha, un ultiinaturn, en- el cual
exigen el cumplimiento txEricto del
tratado de Mudania.
Ell ulsimatum pide contestaci6n an
+@s de cuarenta y ocho horas. por 10
que Sc aguarda con la natural impa-
ciencia, "a resphesta del gobierno de
Argora.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
ContiIluacii6ndeljd jd-
clio contra Santiago
Iglesias Pantin !
DecIaraciones del testigo Arcadia
Saldafia OtrOs

DecldrdClOHoS ucA tcStASO AAGdulO
Saldafia y otrOs
Aver, a las dos de la tarde, coriti-
nuo en- la Corte de Distrito ell juicio
de Bernabe Sabalier contra Santiago
Iglesias.
En- dicha session declararon favor
de Sabalier los testigos Teresa Man
so, Ines R. de Pena Antonia En-
cinas.
La sonora Patrona Fald declare
que era vecina de Sabalier y que
cuando este sufri6 ell ataque de cata-
lepsia, ella Sc encontraba en- su habi-
tacion. Declare ademas que ella VIC
cuando ell Sr. Santiago Iglesias abri6
los battles Y saco de ellos varios pa
peles documentos, los cuales fue-
ron entregados por Iglesias al Lcdo.
Abraham Pefia. I
Ell Lcdo. Abella Blanco lego la de-
claracion del testigo Justo Quinones,
quien manifesto que el tiene un esta-
blecimiento muy cerca de la casa de
Bernabe Sabalier, Y que una vez So
licito de Sabalier la concession de una
pequena parcela de terreno para
construir una pequena casa. Sabalier
accedio a la petici6n de QuiHones,
pero que SO opusb a clio ell Sr. Igle-
sias, quien le manifesto que Sabalier
era un hombre incapacitado, un nifio,
y que ell unico que tenia derecho a
ceder terreno era el-eI Sr. Iglesias--
administrator de las propiedades de
Bernahe Sabalier. En- la declaration
ell Sr. Quiiiones manifesto que una
vez vic venir en- altonl6vil Ielesias
y a Abraham Pena. Que dicho We.
hiculo sc detuvo frente la casa de
Sabalier que el Sr. Iglesias subi6
a yer aquel. Momentos despues.
cuandc el Sr. Iglesias baj6 a la casa.
lie dijo en- alta voz al Lcdo. Pena.
cuando este lie pregunt6 que. ST Sa-
balier habfa firmado, que 81; "cay6 v
se----.-...-.-
Sc lego tambien la declaration de
Arcade Saldana, en- la cual dice ell
testigo que estaba eerca del estabIe-
cimiento del Sr. Quinones, cuando
VIC llegar en- un autom6vil a Santa
go lglesias Y al Lcdo. Abraham Pc
ma. Que vic subir Iglesias la casa
de Sabalier Y que cuando este bai6.
al aproximarse Peha. lie dijo en- alta
voz: "cayo y se.e'
Felid: lPor ALI llaman mucho Ia
atencion los automobiles
Saldana: Hasta una pelea de ne
rros Hama mucho la atenci6n:
Felii: 5El ESTABLISHMENTS s,,vo
aueda al lado derecho de la casa DO
Sabalier? ~
saalda1a: 81 I'd me pregunta nor
Ia prolongacion sur este, lie puedo
contestar; pero en- otro extreme sno
porque me va enredar Y 70 no uuie-
ro enredarme con la Corte. Ell Sr
lgieslas pronunci6 la palabra sea
yo en- voz alta, al extreme de que
las ondas sonoras trajeron mi tim
pano dichas palabras.
El> Lcdo. Pena present6 a la Cor
te ei asunto de autenticar la letra del
Lcdo. Abraham Pefia, quien era el
que le llevaba los datos de las es-
crituras al Lcdo Benedicto, las cua-
les fueron redactadas por ell propio
Lcdo. Abraham Pefia.
Este juicio, que ha llevado tanto p6
blico la Corte, es probable que ter
mine hoy ma1ana.
La session de hoy comenzara a las
dos.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
EN- Ell TRIBUNAL SUPREME
DE PUERTO RICO

Para hoy jueves aslas dos de la tar
de esta senalada la vista de la apela-
ci6n en- ell case criminal de Ell Pueblo
de Puerto Rico contra Juan de Graeia
por un supuesto de'ito de asesinato en-
primer grado. Ileva la representation
del acusado apelante Ell hcenciado Vail
deiuli Rodriguez que recientemente ha
establecido su despacho professional en-
el pueblo de Rayamon.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
Ell REGREso DEL sR. BENED1cro

Anoche fuimos informados que ell
Lcdo. Jose E. Benedicto regresarfa en-
el dia de hoy, mediodfa de su viaje
por Estados Unidos.
Ell senior Benedicto, con motive de
fegreso, ha prescindido, rues, de
asistir la conferencia que Sc celebra
ra hoy en- Casa B.anca.
Saludamos al senior Benedicto
su estimable esposa, Gil regreso al
1afs.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
UN rhnTr PARTICULAR
! fNTYrIcvA UNA GRAN
VICTORIA DEMOCRATIC

Aver a las tres de la tarde un ami
go nuestro recibi6 del Norte un cable
~rama anunciandole que los dem6cra-
tas habian triunfado en- la Camara Ba
ia por una gran mayoria, Y que la ma
yoria republican, del Senado habia su
frido considerable uuebranto.
Ell despacho decia, ademas, que los
Dem6cratas ganaron los Estados de
Nueva York, Ohio, Indiana v New Jer
sew - ,If
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1922-11-09
Los lNGLESES NO Sc OPO-
MEN A LA ADMINISTRATOR
TURCA EN- LAS ZONAS NEU-
TRALES, PERO

CoNsTANTTNoPLA, noviembre 8:
FL general Harrigton ha declarado que
Tnglaterra no Sc opone la admins
TRACTION civil de los .kemalistas en- las
regiones de la zona neutral, pero sin
embargo no permite una ocupaci6n mi
litar kemalista aqui.
Harrington volvera a conferenciar
mafana con Refet Pasha.