davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-05-25
THE PoTENTIOMETER.

when crystal detectors are used
Which require a local voltage for
Hest operation. it is advisable, in
net. necessary, to provide some
Means of varying the voltage ap-
Aied. The voltage is usually fur
rfshed by one or two dry cells such
zb are used for bell ringing or isni-
regulation of the applied voltage and
the voltage divide or cpotentiome-
tir" serves the purpose very well, in
died.
Referring to the figure, suppose
that the resistance in shunt ICON
a value of only one ohm. The bat
terry E. NJ. F. is, let us say. three
volts. According to Ohm's law, the
current flowing the resistance is
three amperes. Now the voltage. as
measured by a voltmeter between
one end of the resistance coil or rod
and its exact center. is the product
Of the current through the resistance,
multiplied by the resistance between
those two points. This is just a
simple Encouragement Of the usual
expression of Ohm's law. This volt
age is then three amperes times one
half an ohm and equals one and one
half volts. which would be applied
to the detector But the current of
three amperes. if allowed to continue.
will quickly run the dry cells down
A shigher resistance should be sub
sttuted, then. to conserve the bat
tefy energy. Suppose a resistance
Of 500 ohms is substituted for the
one ohm resistance. The current
Evening star., 1922-05-25
By A. HYATT VERRHL.
Expert on Radio Technology.

Very often. those who wish to make
or install their own sets find them
selves completely at a loss wnen they
try to follow out the diagrams or Illus
trations of radio apparatus. Instead Of
having the various parts labeled, let
tered or numbered many diagrams have
them represented by conventional forms
or ysymbols which often bear little or
no Resemblance to the real thing. Con-
sequently. such diagrams are absolutely
meaningless to persons unfamiliar with
the technical side Of radio design and
engineering.
Radio symbols are standardized and
are very simple and easy to learn.
so that every one interested in radio
o. in making his own radio set
should be thoroughly familiar with
the symbols. They are not numerous
and the accompanying chart. Fig l..
shows all that are usually employed
in radio work.
But in interpreting these symbols
do not think that because the two
vindings of a coil are shown side by
side it means they should be made
that way One winding always goes
over the other. They are placed .Sle
by side merely to avoid the conru-
Evening star., 1922-05-25

show that moving the sliding con-
nection Indicated by the arrow to.
ward the plus sign positive end OF
rosistance) reduces the voltage ap-
piled to the detector. and moving 1t
in the opposite direction increases
that voltage. The range of variation
in the assumed case is from zero to
three volts.
1t is best to have the weak cur
rent from the local battery pass
through the crystal in a certain di
rection. usually as shown in the IL
lustration. This will insure a maxi
mum response in the head telephones
when the correct voltage Is found.
Evening star., 1922-05-25

out which enable the phonograph to
be used as a loud speaker, in connec-
ton with an attachment employing a
rather special type Of telephone re-
ceiver. 1t is not necessary. really. to
buy anything except a device which
can be used to connect the regular
head telephones to the phonograph
tone arm in place Of the reproducer.
Such a device is illustrated. There is
an aluminium manifold. which can be
fastened in place of the reproducer
to the tone arm. The other two open
ings of the aluminium casting have
rubber protectors so arranged that
the ear pieces can be fitted over
them without damaging the rubber
caps of the phones. The springy
metal band with the small rubber
buttons can be clamped down on the
head phones by means Of the wing
nut. The head phones are then held
securely in place. and the sound pro-
duced by each ear piece goes directly
into the manifold without producing
any vibration Of the metal parts.
When the attachment Is made the
phones rest upon the turntable Of the
phonograph. There is no possibility
Of damaging the table.
The metal parts of the attachment
are highly polished and nickel plated,
so that It's appearance is quite in
keeping with a high-grade phono-
Evening star., 1922-05-25
EXPERT ADVICE ON RADIO
No. lO.-Reading Diagrams and Symbols.

sion of lines that would occur If
drawn as they are to be made.
Also do not think that the arrow
drawn across the symbol for a vari-
able coil or inductance means that
the two portions Of the coil should
be connected by a wire. Remember
that the proportions Of the diagrams
are in no relation to the real proper
tions Of the set or that the wires
must be run straight and parallel
with right-ansled turns. as shown in
the drawings. This is done merely
to make the diagrams look better and
to avoid confusion. In wiring a set
always avoid running the wires
parallel il 1t Is possible: keep the
wires short; do not let them touch
where they cross and run them in
whatever direction and at any angle
which is most convenient. Finally. do
not think that because batteries are
shown within the wiring Of set in
diagram that you must arrange
your set so the batteries are In
cluded. This is merely done for con-
venience in drawing. and some idea
Of the difference between the actual
wiring of a set and the diagram for
the same set may be obtained from
Fig. 2. in which A shows the diagram
as drawn and B shows the wiring OF
the finished set on its panel.
Copyright. 1929
.srJ.xu re- s>1A>,x,s
Evening star., 1922-05-25
SUMMER SEASON
HARDON RADIOS
Disorders Range From Weak
interference to Shop
Like Noises.

Don't be surprised this summer II
your new radio receiving set gives
forth a frst-class imitation of a
bolershop in full operation. instead
of ban anticipated lecture on the cul-
tuAe Of silkworms. says the bureau of
standards of the Department Of Com
merce in announcing that the bad
radio weather" season is now on.
According to the bureau Of stand
ards. these summer disturbances,
called "strays," static" "atmospher-
ics' and other names, are in evidence
from about April to October 1. Their
seriousness varies from weak inter-
ference for brief intervals to a con:
tnuous succession of boilershop
noises which may last throughout the
night
A great deal OF work has been done
by radio engineers and scientists in
an effort to reduce the Interfering 6
noise caused by these strays. At i'm
portant government and commercial
ary In use by means of which strays
art considerably reduced, and 1t is
made possible to obtain fairly reli-
able reception during the summer.
- Cofled Antenna Helpful.
The apparatus and methods now
employed at such stations are usually
too elaborate to be used at the ordi-
nary amateur station. One method
which the amateur will find helpful
in reducing certain types Of strays Is
the use. instead of the usual elevated
antenna, of a coil antenna and q, more
sensitive receiving set A coil an
tenna may be constructed by winding
q suitable number of turns Of wire.
with proper spacing, on square
xnxnN ~ al q ~
Certain types of strays seem to come
from particular direction. Many
strays. however. have no difectional
properties, including those due to To-
eai electric storms. The coil antenna
has the property OF receiving a
stronger signal when pointed In the
dtlection from which the signal 10 ap-
prxaehing, and receiving only q weak
e3GpAl when pointed at right angles
t. That direction. Thus by rotating D
eo8 Antenna TO the proper position
6asdirsctional types OF sfrays can Sc
Evening star., 1922-05-25
heads the division for the visitation

heads the division for the visitation
Of adult blind, connected with the
state department Of public welfare.
The use Of radio equipment by
blind persons" Mr.. Comstock said.
"is undoubtedly. the greatest blessing
and comfort occurring in this era"
He declared that this new invention
makes it possible for sightless per-
sons to receive news daily without
having it read to them; that the state
now has paid readers at the School
for the Blind at Jacksonville and the
Industrial Home for the Blind in
Chicago.
with the installation of radio
eouipment," Mr. Comstock said. their
services can be dispensed with. And
Evening star., 1922-05-25
IIeat1y reduced and a better radio of
.fgnal to strays will be obtained.

IYeatIy reduced and a better radio Of
.fgnal to strays will be obtained.
The ordinary elevated antenna does
rot possess marked directional prop
critics, and therefore cannot be used
like the coil antenna for stray e1imi-
nation. However. the strength of sig
nal picked up by a coil antenna Is
much smaller than the strength Of
signal picked up by the ordinary ele-
.Sdd nni en- snd frU results
tenna unless three or more stages Of
amplification are used.
Ground Wires Useful.
Some relief can also be obtained by
persons having good amplifiers by
using ground antenna." This is q
long insulated wire run in a shallow
trench or on the surface Of the
run in the direction of the station
from which the most signals are to
be received, and should preferably be
several hundred feet long.
Through strays of given intensity
better results can be obtained in re-
nails: Nearby stations can be received
much better through the strays than
distant stations. 1t is therefore for
tunate that broadcasting stations are
being established at considera BILE
number of different cities located in
all parts of the United States, so that
for most parts of the country there is
q broadcasting station from which
fair reception can be expected even
when strays Of moderate Intensity ex-
ist. In the summer person must be
content with weaker signals. and
should use less application than in
the winter. since the strays are am
plified as well as the signal. II con-
siderable amplihcatfon is used, strong
stray disturbances will produce noises
in the telephone receivers which are
very unpleasant and make 1t almost
impossible for an operator to keep the
telephone receivers on the head for
any considerable length Of time.
Evening star., 1922-05-25

not only can the blind man now have
the advantage of current news, but he
can listen to concerts and lectures. !
have already equipped my home with
radio and am receiving news d.
rectly from q central station in Chi.
cago, which makes 4 speciality Of
sending out bulletins for blind per-
sons. For the past several evenings
have been listening to concerts
given in Detroit"
Use of radio in the State School al
jacksonville and the Industrial Home
in Chicago is being contemplated. ac-
cording to announcement by Judge
G. II. Jenkins, director of the state
department of public welfare.
Evening star., 1922-05-25

'p.m.-Shipping news: program Of
music.
3 p.m.--Base ball scores; program
Of music.
4 p.m.-Base ball scores; program
of music
p.m.-Base ball scores: program
Of music.
s pm.-"Review of the Iron and
Steel Industries and Their Relation
TO general business conditions by
the Iron Age; weather forecast; agri-
cultural reports: shipping news.
p.m.-"Jack Rabbit Stories. by
David Corey; fnal base ball scores
1880. p.m.-"Near East Relief" by
Mr.. Ridgeby.
p.m.-RecitaI by Miss Emily Beg
lin. soprano. formerly of the Metro
Evening star., 1922-05-25
TWO PERISH IN FLAMES,
Two Others Burned as Spark in
Crate Sets Fire to House.

IRON MOUNTAIN. Mich. May U.s.
Two persons perished and two others
were severely burned when the home Of
John Kolar. near Florence. Wis., was
DESTROYED by nre. according to word
received here. The dead are Mrs.
Christians Kolar, nifty. mother Of four
children. and her flfteen-year-old son.
The fire IL believed to have origina ted
from spark from . crate which was
Evening star., 1922-05-25

politan Opera Company, with Frederic
w. vanderpool, the composer at the
piano; final base ball scores.
$3.50 p.m.-Concert by the Temple
Male Eight.
10:52 to Ii p.m.-Arlington time
signals.
l1:0I p.m.--Weather forecast.
Evening star., 1922-05-25
RADIO EXPLAINED
~ By E. H. LEWIS
INSTRUCTOR NEW York. YM.C.A. RADIO SCHOOL

flowing is now three volts divided
by 500 ohms. or six -thousandths OF an
ampere. This 10 considerably
weaker current and Is no drain to
speak of on the dry cells. But what
about the voltage between the points
previously considered which is ap-
piled to the detector? It Is found by
multiplying six-thousandths of an
ampere by $50 ohms, Tho reault 10
still one and one e-half volts. We get
the same voltage TO apply to the detec-
tor and at the same time conserve
our battery. A little thought will
Evening star., 1922-05-25
BATTERIES TRANSFERRED.

Orders have been given for the
transfer OF training batteries 1. 3
and from Camp Meade, Nd. to Camp
1rafg, n. G. and Of companies I md
g. 34th Infantry. from Fort Howard:
Nd, to Camp 1kAada, 5 q "a s'-'
Evening star., 1922-05-25
ASSIGNED TO FORT MYER,

First Lieut.. James B. Patterson.
cavalry, at Fort Riley, Kan. has been
assigned to the Sd Cavalry. at Fort
Myer, Va. but will be temporarily
stationed at Camp Harry J. Jones.
Ariz.. in connection with summer
training CAMPS.
Evening star., 1922-05-25
wwx-Po.t once Department.

10 a.m.-weather report for the
District of Columbia, Pennsylvania,
Ohio. Maryland, Virginia and West
Virginia.
1890 a.m.-Marketgram (fruit and
vegetables) on 100 meters.
1880, 2:l5 and $3.50 PM. w.
Marketgram kilograms on 1850 me-
ters.
5 p.m.-wholesal. dairy report on
1,lS0 meters by radiophone.
1880 and p.m.-Market report on
1.I6O meters by radiophone.
$50 pm-Weather report.
Evening star., 1922-05-25
KDKA -WeAtfnghouse, Pfttsbur1
900 Meters Eastern Standa

KDKA weAtinghouse, Pittsburgh
900 Meters - Eastern Standard
Tin,e).
9 to 9:15 a.tn.-Music.
1880 am to noon-Musfc.
2:30 p.m-Results of all league base
ball games by innings.
6 p.m.-Base ball scores: theatrical
features; weekly dress talk.
6:15 pm--Popular concert.
6:45 p.m.-Special news; government
Stock Exchange; Weather report.
pm.-"Why a Corporate Trustee?"
by c. r. Zimmerman, secretary Of the
Pennsylvania Bankers Association;
"Relation Of Depreciation to Federal
Income Taxes" by Robert G: Mont
Department: base ball scores.
1880 pm-Bedtime and Uncle Wiggly
stories for children.
p.m.-Program of music by Berg's
string entertainers-W. W. Hohne.
steel guitar; w. Barth, banjo-mando-
lin; l. Hohne, ukuIele; vocal selections
oy LYDIA Peterson. concert soprano.
s:55 to 10 p.m.-Arlinston time
signals.
KYw-WcstinShous Chicago $50
Meters - Central Daylight-SavinE
Time-Same aS Eastern Standard
Time).
tions. Chicago Board OF Trade.
10 a.m.-Market quotations at one
half-hour intervals until / pm.
4, 1870 p.m.-Closing market quota
tions. .
2:i5 p.m.-News and market re-
ports.
8 p.m.--American and National
League base ball team line-ups; prog
ress of games every half hour there
after until their close.
4:15. p.m.-News, final market and
financial returns.
4 $50 p.m.-News, final market and
financial returns.
T:15 p.m.-Children's bedtime story.
8 to 8 p.m.-Program OF music by
Luella Meluis. coloratura soprano:
Adele Brandt, contralto: David r.
Perehing, bass; Helen Hadlsx. ac-
companist. and the boy choir ffoaa
the First Congregational Church,
p.m.-News and sports.
sos p.m.--Special features as an.
nounced by radiophone.
WJz-westinEhOuse, NesvnrIk. II. J.
(3O0 Meter6LEastern Dnyltght-Say.
ing TtAe-Deaaet One Hour).x
8 a.m.-Agricultural reports and
prices as released by New York, New
Jersey and federal bureaus
10 a-m.-Program Of mueic
II a-m--Program Of music.
Noon--AgricUltural reports: wpath.
or forecast; program o& xaue3aa
~ p.rls~We1ther for6tast: 1roE1&xk]
OF mn
Evening star., 1922-05-25
BY RADIO TODAY
Complete Programs Of Radio
B1oadcasting Stations.
NAA-Nav.i Radio station. Radio. Va.

1890 a.m.-Meteorologica report on
$3.50 meters of arc transmitter.
Noon and 10 p.m-Time signal, fol-
lowed by weather report and ship
orders.
1890 pm.-Naval press news. wave
length, 2,650 meters.
Evening star., 1922-05-25
BLIND FIND RADIO
GREATEST BLESSING
Sightless Illinoisan Tells of Ben
efits in Dispensing With Those
Paid to Read News.

By the Associated Press.
SPRINGFIELD. ILL.,, May 25.-Radio
and the broadcasting of news and
concert music through the air. was
declared here today to be godsend
to blind persons by Charles Z. Com
stock, sightless from infancy, who
Evening star., 1922-05-25

wGY General Electric Company,
Schenectady, N. Y. (36O Meters-
Eastern Standard Tfme).
1890 pm.-Stock quotations.
6 pm.,-Base ball scores; stock quo
tations; late news bulletins.
7:45 p.m-Concert.
Evening star., 1922-05-25
WwJ-Detroit News Eastern stand
ard Tfme).

ard Time).
$50 a.m.-Tonight's dinner and
household hints $3.50 meters).
$40 am-Music $3.50 meters).
1915 a.m.-Weather report 4s5
meters).
1855 am-United States Naval OBJ
servatory time signals relayed by
telegraph, 1859 meters).
1905 p.m.-Music $3.50 meters).
$3.50 p.m.-Weather report ass
meters).
$40 p.m.-Market quotations $3.50
meters).
S pm.-Complete sport results;
world news (360 meters).
$50 p.m.--Concert by Corrine De
Wolfe. soprano; Blunis Orchestra; G..
Hamilton, violinist; Cyril Kuzemael
and Leo Robit2ille, vocal duets (360
meters).
Evening star., 1922-05-25
New Apparatus and Devices
Ralph Brown, Radio EngineerSSssSs

DUPLEX PHoNOGRAPH ATTACH
MENT.
Many people who have experienced
"tinny" noises from certain loud
Evening star., 1922-05-25
WMU Doubleday & Hill Electric
Company (S6O MeterO.

Company (S60 Meters).
4:so to 5:ao-Base ball scores an
nouneed. "Pagliacci'' tenor Leonca-
vallo): 'Frulingsrauschen." piano
ssinding5: Song, Of indiaI 1Ind%nsant fox s1os.
Echoes EeG s,snti, of the Bali and En,racse Ga;
Vote" piano (GilleO: old Fashioned
Girl" fox trot GA Jolson): Pearl of
Brazil" soprano tDavid: Minuet;
piano (PaderewskD; Georgia Rose"
fox trot tRosenthal-Morgan2; Laia
Berceau," piano (MoskowskD: Dear
Old Southland" fox trot (Crsamer-
LAYTON: "scherzo." piano (chonin):
"Biushes" (Raymondl: The sheik of
Araby" (smith Wheeler Snydsr1;
5 to 9-Concert by the following
local artists: Mrs. Elizabeth Thorn
berry, soprano; Mr.. Horace A: Lake,
BARITONE: Mrs. Howard Blandy. ac-
fsmp.n1:s san1 1s e0mf rtss so ins aSv. as<ss1 sons
Gong). THE winds in the South"
tscott). Mrs. Thornberry; "Toreador.
Hola" (Trotere). II Passed BY Your
Window" (Brake). war" (Rogers).
Mr.. Lake; "Jehlum River" Wood:
forde-Finden). Mrs . Thorncerry 1. and nd
bell -Tipton). "Bye-Lo" Perkins),
call Of Radna" (wave). Mrs: Thorn
berry: because" tD'Hardelot). Pun
chinello" (Molloy). Pipes OF Cor
don's Men" (Hammond), Mr.. Lake.
WPM-Thomas J. Williams. Inc. $3.50
Metefs).
1890 p.m.-News items; reports on
stolen automobiles.
3YN-Nationnl Radio Institute 1850
MeteFsD.
$50 to Z p.m.-Radio spark code.
wPv-United States Signal Corps
$3.50 Meters).
$50 p.m.-Instruction in radio.
9 p.m.-Concert.
Evening star., 1922-05-25

romorrow-"How to Csc Soldering Tools
The citizen., 1922-02-02
BEREA COLLEGE SUMMER SCHOOL
Suitable Courses to Meet All Needs
First Term Opens June 16, 1922

Special Attention Given to Teacher Training and Community Serv
COURSES OFFERED ALL THE SCHOOLS OF BEREA COLLEGE
The citizen., 1922-02-02

to cover his nakedness from the "nll.
seeing eye" and by his own efforts at
self-improvement and self-rlghteous'
ness to NJ himself for the presence Of
God and make himself worthy OF
eternal life.
But. Met by the works Of righteous
ness which we have done. but by His
mercy" for by deeds of law shall no
flesh be Justified" for IL Is mot Of
works. lest any man should boast"
but "By grace are ye saved through
faith"
See how Adams miserable inven-
ton is displaced by the divine pro
vision. The Creator, In grace, has
come into the scene of sin to be a
Savior. and In the very sentence of
judgment pronounced upon the daring
originator of sin, has preached the
glad tidings of coming Redeemer:
1T shall bruise thy head and thou
shalt bruise his heel" Judgment must
precede glory. The Judgment stroke
must fall. and sins penalty be met
before grace can flow In forgiveness &c
men.
And now. in holy symbolism, God
makes vivid His great salvation. No
selfrighteousness for Him, no works
Of fallen nature, no apron Of fig leaves,
hut garment-a garment that
clothes completely from front to back
and from head to foot. Gone are the
tig leaves, Hidden the nakedness U
soul. this Is for thee! A garment Of
Gods own design and making. Moth
Ing else can meet His righteous de-
mands. lie must provide 1t. You have
not the material. He must make II.
You do not know now.
viii lie be satisfied with what His
hands have wrought? Yea and amen
The only acceptable dress He knows,
and the most beautiful. And 1? 81
will greatly rejoice in the Lord, for
He hath clothed me with the gar
ments of salvation"
But do not overlook the source from
which those garments are derived.
They had their origin in death. Blood
is their price; their color. "A death
STAIN Those animals must die and
their blood be shed To provide this
naked sinner with raiment. 1t Is the
first emergence in Scripture of the
great truth Of vicarious atonement, of
substitutiOnary sacrifice-a shadow Of
the cross falling upon that distant
day.
81 come, a naked sinner. with moth
ing but my sin to commend me. to
Jesus cross where He hangs In shame
for me. and. bowing my head to own
the righteous penalty borne for me by
Him, and that my sins have nailed
Him there, leave II with His raiment
upon me. and give thanks unto the
Father which hath made me meet to
be a partaker of the saints in light"
not that paradise Of earth which
Adam lost. but the heavenly one.
The citizen., 1922-02-02

I1NLESS Peking is Unexpectedly
~ stubborn, the Shantung question
should be settled very shortly. ena-
bling the arms conference to adjourn
sine die. Through the efforts Of Sec
retary Hughes and Mr.. Balfour a
compromise plan was arranged last
week and cabled TO Tokyo and Peking
for acceptance. Under this proposal
japan gives up her demand that the
railway be paid for through loan by
Japanese bankers, and In return China
agrees to the retention Of n Japanese
traffic manager and accountant during
the period OF payment. The road ls
TO be purchased by China with treas
ury notes payable at option Ave to
fifteen years hence. Japan's accept
ance Of this plan was believed GER
tain. and President Harding himself
appealed to Minister Sze to induce
Peking 70 approve Of the agreement.
The Committee on far eastern af-
fairs concluded its consideration of
the Siberian question. and Japan Is
left upon her honor TO remove her
troops from that country ms soon as
the re-establishment of political sta
bility makes II safe TO do so. Through
Baron Shldehara she gave virtual
pledge 10 do this. and II was recorded
In the minutes Of the meeting. After
fully explaining the present retention
Of Japanese troops in Siberia. the
baron concluded:
Nothing is further from the
thought of the japanese government
than 10 take advantage OF the present
helpless condition Of Russia to prose
cute selfish designs.
The military occupation of the Rms
sian province Of Sakhalln Is only
temporary measure.
"In conclusion. the japanese delega.
tion is authorized to declare that II Is
the fixed and settled policy OF japan
t0 respect the territorial integrity Of
Russia. and To observe the principle
Of noninteryention in the internal af-
fairs of tha: country"
The gentlemen from the Chita gov.
ernment must perforce he content with
this. and IL may be said that there Is
no apparent reason To doubt the good
faith OF Japan in the matter
The four powers signatO~y to the
Pacific treaty have agreed TO an ex-
change of notes defining the treaty
as not applicable TO the mainland of
Japan. Whether this includes the
BONN and Loochoo islands. as Japan
wishes. is not yet known.
All three Of the chief parties In the
japanese diet. which opened last
week, are on record as approving the
results az tho wpVt.t-, 80, ..on sar"nre