davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
PITTSBURGH CONCERTS
HEARD FOR 1000 MILES
Competition Among Broad
casters for Radio Distance.

Now that the radio concert is an
everyday affair, like a telephone conver-
sutton or a ride on an elevator compe-
titlon is sprlnging up among the broad
casting stations in the matter of the dis
tance which their melodies and lectures
travel.
Formerly the competition was among
the four Westinghouse radiophone sta
tons, WIZ at Newark, KDKA at East
Pittsburgh. WBZ "A Springfield and
KWY at Chicago, be how the big Cen
eral Electric station at Schenectady.
WGY. and the America radio station at
Medford Hillside, WGI, are very much
in the game, and the A. T. & T. broad
casting station on top of the Walker
Lispenard building will be reaching out
through the ether in two or three weeks.
A compilation OF the places at which
KDKA at Pittsburgh has been heard.
made through letters received at that
place. shows that this station has been
beard on a radius of about 1000 miles.
f.eports that the concerts had been
heard have come from such points as
Canada Centralia, Wash; San Fran
cisco, Los Angeles. Tucson. Ariz. Tam
pico Mexico Puerta Cortes. Honduras
Panama Canal Zone. Venezuela. Santo
Domingo. Porto Rico, and from ships
hundreds OF miles at sea.
WGY. at Schenectady. is also accum-
u.ating letters from radio fans all over
this hemisphere. This station, which is
the most powerful OF all, now broadcast
ing on $50 meters. has already been
heard on the Pacific Coast. The Ameri-
can radio station at Medford Hillside
has sent music to Cuba.
The New York herald., 1922-04-16

manufacturing 100000 month. That
production. is about twenty times as
great as our production six months ago.
Can that be called holding back?'
Telephone sets are apparently scarcer
than vacuum tubes. and many dealers
are known to have placed orders with a
number Of manufacturers of head phones
aggregating more than they could pos
sibly dispose of if they had them all.
The hope of the dealer is to get phones
frpm some source at the earliest possible
moment.
The General Electric Company does
not at the present time make head sets,
but may be forced to.
This duplication of orders, of course.
magnifies the demand, and it is esti-
mated that the General Electric Com
pany would have to turn out million
vacuum tubes month in order to sat
isfy 1t. The company contends that its
jump Of about 1000 per cent. in the rate
of production Of vacuum tubes is all that
was humanity possible.
Another bit of equipment, not in the
first place considered as radio equipment.
which has been greatly affected by the
boom is the Tungar rectlfier. This is a
device which was used for charging
storage batteries used vn automobiles
from an alternating cgsrent. 1t is now
used to charge rn@fo batteries. More
rectifers wore sold in January las. than
during al OK 1921.
The co.ling OF broadcasts,sg. Mr.. Ed
wards explained, completely urSss the
radio market. A year ago the zs1st ind
backbone of radio was believed 80 5e
nication-transoceanic cofcDuni-
cation, involving the use of millions OF
dollars worth of equipment. The needs Of
the radio amateur, with his little trans
mitting or receiving station. were con-
sidered an interesting side line. The
company did comfortable little busi-
ness in selling the amateur transformers.
tubes. sockets, rheostats and other bits
of apparatus so that the man Interested
in radio could assemble his own set. bit
by bit. on the kitchen table. At least
90 per cent of the demand was for
the component parts Of the radio set. not
for the assembled set
But when broadcasting came along
everything changed. The radio amateur
became the big part of the business and
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
FINDS TWO SETS WORK
WELL ON ONE AERIAL
Dr.. Carleton of Flushing Says
Volume Is Increased.

|. Two sets are better than one, especial
ly when they are on the same aerial.
according to DR.. Spencer Carleton. a
radio enthusiast of Flushing. l.. 1.
DIR. Carleton. In the course of experi-
ments to determine whether it Is true
that It is not possible for two receiving
stations to operate on the same antenae.
found that 1t was quite possible. Wish
ing TO compare the qualities OF Grebe
and DE Forest set" DIR. Carleton
writes in a letter to THE NEW YORK
HERALD, Il attached both to the same
antenae. To my surprise when both
were nearly in tune with the line there
was marked reinforcement of volume
and clearness of tone in both instru-
ments through the harmonic resonance.
Furthermore, sharpest tuning is pos
sible Of both instruments simultaneously
by adjustment OF the duo lateral coils
of the De Forest. What Is even more
interesting is that. once this balance
is nearly established. either receiving
set when near the other responds prac-
tically as loudly and distinctly when
entirely detached from aerial and
ground-an instance of resonance. OF
course"
The New York herald., 1922-04-16

the radio amateur suddenly began de-
manding not parts but whole sets. This
| amateur was not primarily a mechanic !:
he wanted music and entertainment OF
other sorts in hurry and without too
much trouble. The demand for sets be-
came 80 per cent. of the radio business,
although the demand for component
parts became much greater than the de-
mand Of year ago.
Quantity Preparation.
1t was In response to this demand that
two months ago the corporation brought
out the inexpensive crystal detector set
and this week has gone into production
with the sectional set. This second set
consists of receiver. or tuner. unit with
a crystal detector. which can be used as
a complete set and receive signals within
the range of a crystal detector without
recourse to tubes and storage or "B'
batteries. This unit costs $50. The next
unit. which costs SIS additional and Is
linked to the first. is for the amateur
who desires to get greater distance and
contains detector tube and two stages
of audio amplifcation. 1t is. of course.
possible to continue to add additional
stages of audio amplification on one side
of the two cases and radio amplification
between them so that the set, like the
bookcase, Is almost unlimited. The Sc,
haJ bc-sz designed so that all parts may
be -r,shed without trouble.
n order that the demand may be sat-
isfied by quantity production the General
Electrical Company before starting pro-
duction at all has had 75 per cent. of its
total tool works, as well as outside tool
makers, busy constructing los special
dies. tools. jigs and fixtures for stand
ardized production. This has delayed the
immediate production OF complete sets.
but will make possible the production
eventually at the rate of 5000 to 10000
units month. of a compact and acces-
sible set.
Already one of the huge factories In
the General Electric plant Is busy on
radio sets and there is still floor space
for expansion, while from other plants
of the company parts are coming In
steadily. so that the biggest boom OF the
electrical industry. which came like q
conlagration, will soon be under control.
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
BOY SCOUTS TO CONTEST
IN THE BROOKLYN SHOW
Prizes Offered for Building
ReceiUing Sets.

Several contests for radio amateurs
are being planned for the first annual
radio and electrical exhibition of the
Electrical Contractors Association ol
Brooklyn mad Queens. which is TO be
held In tho Brooklyn Ice Palace May 9
to May 90.
One is a competition In radio set con-
structing for members of the Brooklyn
Council of Boy Scouts OF America. A
prize will be awarded to the scout build
ing the best receiving set and also to the
scout who makes the smallest set. A
prize to be given In another contest is
a motor generator OF the Crocker-wheel-
or Company Of Ampere. N. J. The gen.
orator will be used for transmission
work during the show and awarded on
the last day..
An antenna OF 2,400 feet OF wire Is
being erected on the roof Of the Ice Pal
ace. which Is at Atlantic and Bedford
avenues. The antenna viii be used for
both transmitting and receiving.
The New York herald., 1922-04-16

radio dance" Tuesday evening. They wili
dance 10 music of the jazz band broad
casted from Station WvP.

radio dance" Tuesday evening. They viii
dance 20 music OF the jazz band broad
casted from Station wvP.
WEDNESDAY.
s so p. M-Instruction in electricity.
8 100 r. M.-'Party night under the nusS.AS
OF the Okeh records artists and under ~
personal direction OF Mr.. Fred w. Hager.
The following is the program for the eyen-
ing: William Tilden. master Of ceremonies.
/. Rega Dance Orchestra. under the direc-
tion OF Justin Ring WIN play the following
selections: (a) THE Sheik. ny Ted
Snyder: (b) THE Clock Of Love-" by
Ring -Haser; !c) .swanee Smiles. by
clock effects. bells. &C. 2. Sam Perry
and Nat Sanders. Nat Sanders. tonor.
singing Lucky Tucky Blues" and Sweet
Hawaiian Girl Of Mime the composer.
Sam Perry. at the piano. ,. Jane Nelson.
mezzo-soprano (a) "Homeward" me-.
duet. by request (b) kiss Ne by win
less; Jane Nelson. mezzo-soprano; Nat
Of ''Humming," in new novelty.
s. Natha. Giantz, saxophone soloist. in
new novelty entitled (a) Step Along" by
Breau-Ring: by request. fb) "D1rdanella."
lam Tilden. finale. Radio Gossip by Iko
and Jake. assisted by entire company
synopsis by Hager.
THURSDAY.
3 80 P. M.-Instruction in electricity.
0 200 +. M.--Idalia Hare, colorature soprano.
Josepha Ward. violinste: James Caskey,
pianist Courtesy OF Knabe Company.
FRIDAY.
s 80 p. Ms-Instruction in electricity.
100 p. M.-Concert under the auspices OF
the Evening Man and under the personal
direction OF Mr.. Charles Isaacson.
SATURDAY.
s 80 p. M.-Answering of questions on radio.
by Robert b. Benchiey, dramatic editor of
Life, also author of .'Of All Things"
The New York herald., 1922-04-16

sitive transmitter installed in his house
in Detroit by the Western Electric Com
pany and his voice will be carried by
long distance telephone to the radio
broadcasting station at Newark. WIZ.
There his words will be flung into the
ether and Western Electric radio re-
celving set and public address system
will catch them at Long Island City and
make them audible to the 5000 dealers.
The automobile manufacturer is the
first big industrial magnate to use this
system for business purposes. lie will
limit himself to six minutes
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
RADIO FOR EVERYBODY
LATEST AMATEUR BOOK
A. c. Lescarboura Explains
Idea for Beginners.

The latest addition to the rapidly in
creasing radio library Is Radio for
EVERYBODY" by Austin c. Lescarboura,
managing editor OF The Scientific Amcri-
can.
The book. by diagram. picture and
explanation. unscrambles the technicali-
ties OF radio for the benefit of those
who know nothing about the new sci
ence but are anxious to learn. The
author describes in plain language the
elements OF radio reception and trans
mission and also describes how to build.
hook up and operate radiophone sets.
The book covers the ground of world
wide radio communication. as well as
that OF broadcasting and amateur work.
The New York herald., 1922-04-16

of of Commerce.
the construction of simple radio re-
na sketch above the simplest form
Of facra
from sending wave length; be-
Of
needed for efficient
in
The aerial need be strictly horizontal. The lesdn wire
should Ieaddir to the switch
adapted
used on No. II No. s
wire. bareo
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
FORD, IN DETROIT, TO
ADDRESS DEALERS HERE
Voice Will Be Carried by Wire
and Radio.

Despite the fact that Henry Ford must
remain in Detroit he will address 5000
automobile and tractor dealers to-mor-
row night at the works OF the Hellman
Motor Sales Company, in Long Island
City.
Mr.. Ford will speak into a highly sen.
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
u. $. PUBLISHES RADIO BOOK.

For the benefit OF radio amateurs the
United States bureau of standards OF
the Department OF Commerce has pub
lishcd n book entitled The Principles
Underlying Radio Communication" The
book. which Is OF 619 pages. goes into
such subjects as elementary electricity
and dynamo-electric machinery in addi-
tion TO full treatment OF radio
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
STATION wBz. SPRINGFIELD.
(WestfurhauseA

CAhAAoN WbL, sPRINGFIEID.
(Westinghouse)
SUNDAY.
500 z. M;sRsdio Chapel. Rev. H. e. Chap
500 +. M.-Church services
MONDAY.
500 ?. M.-Iohn p. Casson WIN give imita-
tions OF different bird calls
TUESDAY.
500 P. N.-Miss Mary Hallman. eoprano
Plays own accompaniments.
o;1V M.-Billy Grant Of the Waterson
Berlin Snyder Company will sing sonr
OF the latest hits. Miss Pauline Steiner
accompanist.
WEDNESDAY.
500 p M.-Mrs. Margaret McFarlanc
Springfield's leading Scotch mezzo-soprano
Mrs. Jessie Downie. accompanist.
THURSDAY.
$500 p. M.-Nrs. Harry Sutclfffe. sonrano.
Hubert Blackburn. plano
$3.50 T. M.-Liberty Pack Orchestra.
FRIDAY.
500 r. M-Program Of classical selections
played by the Ampico reproducing piano
loaned through the courtesy of Farbss q
Wallace Company.
SATURDAY.
500 r. NV. J. Fiaherty. violinist; John
Louis Drapcau. pianist; Miss Mary LawIer
soprano.
SUNDAY.
500 p. M.-Radio Chapel.
500 II. M.-Church services conducted bv
the Rev. John IcGann. rector of Christ
Church.
station wvP. Fort Wood, New
York city.
tsignsl Corps, u. :. Al
MONDAY.
s.b0 T. M.-InstruciIon IN electricity.
v 90 n. M.-'Irish Poems" rs Arthur
stringcr, author Of The Prairie Child"
p:2O y. M.-"The Modern Dances and Dane
Ing by Radio" by Miss marguerite Weiz.
Miss Walx Is Philadelphia first police.
woman and Is IN charge OF the Parkway
dances In that city.
TUESDAY.
$3.50 r. I.-fnstruction IN electricity.
300 Y. M.-program under tile auspices ~
the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, by Edith Baxter
Harper, soprano solost OF the Church oil
the Pilgrims, Brooklyn. and well known
for her work with leading musical organl-
zaiions OF the East. Mrs. Elizabeth
Ballou. known to thousands Of children a.
,Aunt Jean, and ST. Malaehy's Jazz Band
sing several groups OF songs, Including
''Ah, Love but a Day" tGiibert). sweet
Little Woman o. Mine" (Hartiet.D. .gtcni
rs Night" tBohm). Morning tspeaksi
"Rachem' (zucca). Flow Gently. Sweet
Alton" tSpeman). Somewhere a voice 4,
Mrs. Baliou win talk to parents on thc
subject, My Work with Boys and Girls "
The numbers OF the band viii be dance
music exclusively This part of the pro-
gram has been arranged for by the Anna
teur Radio Reserve IN response % re-.
quest by the boys and girls ~ Rutherford
| ~. - Hish scisoi, who viii conduct Q
The New York herald., 1922-04-16

Collins. director; ''Just a Little House OF
Love-" soprano solo. Mrs. Marion L. Fa.
vier: "The Holy CITY," trombone solo.
George G. Horning; GIVE Man Horse
He Can Ride" barytone solo. Arthur n.
Yauney; "The Great Awakening" con-
tralto solo. Mrs. Egbert Il. Gross; ''Swanee
River Moon" plano solo. Harry p. Clark.
the composer: Somebody Else" character
song. Fred II. Ramsey; ''Hebe's Lullaby"
cornet solo. James Newnham Tommy
Lad" barytone solo. Mr.. Yauney The
Sheik. fox trot. Eagles orchestra: Rain
in the Night soprano solo, Mrs Marion
+. Favier; Asleep In the Deep" trombone
solo. Mr.. Horning; "Sheep and Lambs"
contralto solo. Mrs. Cross: New Jersey
Home" character song, Mr.. Ramsey;
Your Eyes Have Told Ne so.'' cornet
solo. Mr.. Newnham: "Oh. That We Two
Were Maying," contralto and barytone
duet. Mrs. Cross, contralto; Mr.. Yauney,
barytone. Accompanies, Miss Grace Ray
mond and Fred NJ. Collins.
4 80 p. M.-"Rolling Down to Rlo," barry
tone solo. Arthur N Yauney: when
Budda Smiles.' Eagles orchestra. Fred
Colins. director: "Rebecca from Mecca"
character song. Fred Ramsey; Asleep In
the Deep (by requesp. trombone solo.
George C. Horning: .The Lilac Tree"
contralto solo. Mrs. Egbert Cross: pro-
logue from ''Pagliacci," barytoae solo. Mr..
Yauney; when Shall We Meet Again."
Eagles orchestra featuring ,he saxo-
phonel.
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
WEDNESDAY.

: 90 p. M.--"Anlmal Stories" by Florence
Smith Vincent, ". ". Evening Telegram.
Z .9O--'Ifistory OF Tobacco and Smoking" by
a. r. Wilson.
8 100 Il. M.-Recital by Miss Edith Bennett
young and celebrated American soprano
graduate of Smith College.
The Invisible audience ~ several hundred
thousand for this evening viii include
The New York herald., 1922-04-16
station WNP. Fort wood, New
York city.
tsfgnsl Corps, u. =. Al


$50 L. M.-instructIon IN electricity.
300 p M.-"Irish Poefns,n rs Arthur
stringer, author OF The Prairie Child"
g:2O T.. M.-"The Modern Dances ana pane
Ing by Radio by Miss Marguerite Waiz.
Miss Walz Is Philadeiphias first police.
woman and Is IN charge OF the Parkway
dances In that city.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19
MODEL STEAM LAUNDRY
DOUBLES CAPITALIZATION
State Corporation Commits.
sion Authorizes an Increase
of $4,000 in Stock.
LAKE rocAHoNTAs COMPANY
Ncw concern viii Operate Summer
Ncsorts-Whcatlcy Falls Power
Company {" Furnish Electric Cur.
rent TO Cuiprper md Fnuauicr.

an amendment TO the charter of
the Model Steam Laundry. Incorno.
rated. OF Richmond. was granted he
'hc state Corporation Commission
yesterday. increasing the capital,
s.ock from $4,000 to 100000 The
5.irers are }. Il. Hutchinson, presi-
dent. and T.. NJ. Allen. secretary
othcr charters granted yesterday
by the commission were as follows.
feople's Cash Store. Incorporated.
Ciarcmont. with n maximum canitai.
OF $4,000 and minimum of 81 ooo IN
DO general merchandise business
me incorporators are: w. l.. Wi.
kinson. president OF Noldcroft ya
IS. ID. Nimoall. secretary, CIaremont
ana J.. II. S. Devcrell. of C,laremont.
Lake Pocahontas Corporation. Mea-
COW view. Va. with a maximum cant
TAI OF $4,000 and minimum OF So.
ooo, TO operate summer resorts and
ueai In merchandise OF all kinds. The
,ncornorators arc; d. II. Edmondson.
president Meadow View; ]. III. Ed
mondson, secretary. Meadow View.
,. w. Edmondson. Glade Spring, and
d a.. ouesenberry. Glade Spring.
Cioverdale Farm Corporation, Roa-
noke. Va. with a maximum capitaI
OIL SoV.oO0 and minimum of 81 900. to
operate EARNS and deal in real &c
ta'e. Inc incorporators are: w. w.
CoNc. president; Micahel J. Stoyers
secretary; +. w. Pogers and Jesse
l.. Cook. all OF Roanoke. s
IeNas-Arkansa Petroleum Corpo-
i"''oh' Lynchburg. Va. with n maxi.
mum of $4,000 and minimum OF s1o
coo, to mine and deal in petroleum
ana natural gases. The incorpora-
.ors are: W. w. Hancock, president.
w. IL. Ricketts,. secretary; w. II.
white and III, G.. Morgan, all or
Lynchburg.
Wheatlep Falls Power comnanv
remington. Va. with a maximum ~
sioo.oo0 md minimum OF $4,000. 10
distribute electric current for light
ing ana power purposes In the coun-
Ties or Culpeper and Fauau.er. IKE
eorPorators are: a l.. Hord. prcsl-
uent' ;. w. Cole. secretary: a n
Kelly. Q. V. Hord and c. E RoI.yn
all OF Remington. =,
inc Peaco Premier Products Cow
pany' Incorporated. Newport News.
win a maximum capitaI OF sin mo
ana minimum OF $4,000 TO deal In
sott drinks and confections. Tho In
corporators are Hunter S. COPELAND
president. Newport News: II. e,
thompson. secretary. Hampton, and
rrank II. Sears. on Atlanta. Ga. ~
y certificate OF authority was ia
Suea 10 the Palmer Lime and &C.
,nene company. foreign corporation
Incorporated under the laws or The
state OF New York, with a maximum
capital OF S650.000. The principal Of
nce in the state of Virginia is to be
located at Strasburg, with s. E.
stick!eE in charge. The company
Will manufacture and deal In build
ing materials.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19

one and SIS for the other. Both were
caived the same month. The first
was scrub. the other Il grade sired
ny pure-brcd beef bull. kept them
something over a year and then sold
both Tor beef. The scrub brought me
S2isO ana the grade $500. making
q difference in sale price OF Stl.l0
in favor of the latter"
The above is short story. but
one that should convince any farmer
of the loss caused by using n scrub
huii. Dr. McCabe considered the
grade calf worth at least 81 more
than the scrub when he bouph, thcr,
Both calves were Approximately tn.
Same age, and after being bought had
the same treatment and were fed to-
Scthcr. Each calf developed true To
It's sire. The scrub dcvcloped as a
scrub and sold at a scrub price. As
compared with the scrub, the grade
sired by Il pure-bred bull justified
his better ancestry to the extent OF
S4i.I0.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19

son amounting to 100000 pounds. the
average being the lowest of the sea-
son. $3.50 per hundred.
Announcement from North Carolina
that the Wilson market will put on
-FOUR sales next season has revived
the local movement for uuadruple
sales. The warehouscmen are
anxious for the four-salc plan, and
are planning to make big ngnt GA,
the issue a; the June meeting OF
the Danrille Tobacco Associations
The buying concerns will probably
resist any effort to put on a fourth
safe. IN Sor'e quarters the belief Drn-
walls that the cooperative marketing
system running Jointly with auction
sales Will relieve the market of the
necessity of the extra sale.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19

ICify and State-For Sale, Rent
or Exchnngo-Wcek's Summary
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19
SALES At DANv|LLE NEAR
100000 POUND MARK
Tobacco Total 2l.OO0,O0O
Pounds Under That of Pre-
vious Season.

DANN1LLE. VA, March 1s.--Thc
official nSures on the sales OF loose
leaf tobacco on the Danyille market
were made public today by the Dan
VILE Tobacco Association. The total
exceeds the estimates made yestcr-
day, this showing that nearly a..
O0o.cGU pounds was marketed. The
actual amount was 33,979.643 pounds.
at an average price OF 1891 the
crop bringing total Of s6.650.039.69
The previous year Danville sold 55.
100000 pounds at an average price
of S26.19, the crop selling for over
sl4.5O0.O00.
Sales for the last week of the sea
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19

for the
u n
number
other
The and
49,
ved consi dcratlonw
vcnu Rich N''''
in by
N''"N''' 'O-'
n by Cusson Trcc
Plight Madens Delight" b.
- N'"''""'N' TIN
- -" -'"'i
ana o. d. Smith 3l2 Richmo
- ''o0'""'u' Ave-
Beaten a in by As LYONS r,. ,,ou.,or
hmond. :" :" LYONS
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19
S620.972 Increase in
Local Bank Clearings

Eank clcnrings for tho week as
reported by the Richmond Clear
Ing House Association, totalcd
sic,22:.23@. as compared with s,2.-
6s9,osS FOR the corresponding week
in 1921. a decrease OF se.466.S61.
and an increase of ss2o,972 as COM
pared with the total of S39.GOI.G2o
for the previous week.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19
VALUE OF PURE BRED SIRE
PROVEN BY AN EXPERIENCE
Grade Calf Cost IS More Than
Scrub, but Brought S4l.lO
More When Sold

prepared by Extension Division.
V. i. IL
Many experiences have been re-
i-'eo by progressive farmers concern
ing ,he increased value to he OBJ
,hheu throush the use OF good pure
n'e" s'res. one of the most interest
ing and convincing of these was tol1
recently by DIR. c. T.. McCabc.
some time ago" DR.. McCaba aid
Il bought two calves. paying $40 for
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-03-19

eriy fed can and wiz bear annually
The definite trend toward de-
creased acreage in fruit calls for
larger paintings OF our leading fruits
and better care and management OF
these paintings.