The Holly chieftain., 1922-07-06

deep resentment Of the Brazilians and led to his
abdication April z, 1881.
"A curious incident in connection with the alb
dication of Dom Pedro Primeiro was his appoint
ment of Jose Bonifacio. the exiled Patriarch Of
the Independence, the guardian and tutor of
his son, Dom Pedro Segundo. whom he intrusted
at the age Of FIVE with his baby sisters. to the
loving care Of the subjects with whom he had
QuarreIed.
Dom Pedro Segundo proclaimed Emperor
Of Brazil by joint committee of Senator's and
Deputies amid the joyous shouts Of the whole
population. regency of three members was con-
stituted. and Jose Bonifacio invited to assume
the personal guardianship Of the Emperor"
Dom Pedro was declared to be of age at four
teen and assumed personal direction of public
affairs. 1t not until 1S45 that all the provinces
of Brazil were united In peace.
An outstanding event In the political evolution
of Brazs century of independence Is the aboli
tion Of slavery. by two successive steps, under the
auspices Of DOna Isabel, daughter Of Dom Pedro
Segundo. when serving regent Of the Empire
The first decree was signed on September %, 1911
BY this decree slave mothers bore only free chill
dren. The final abolition Of slavery was effected
by Dona Isabel May 13, 1883.
After the abolition Of slavery, the old Conserva-
tive Party began to dlsintegrate very rapidly. its
members going over to the Republicans
Gen. Benjamin Constant Botelh0 de Magalhaes
the chief exponent of the POstivIstlc doctrine.
was president Of the military college. Under his
patronage plan worked out among the
higher officers Of the army, with the assistance
of the chiefs of the Republican Party, for the
deposition of the dynasty and the proclamation
of the Republic. The revolution declared itself
on the 18th of November, 1889. and provisional
government was organized under the presidency of
Gen. DeOdoro da FOnseca.
The last Imperial cabinet. headed by the Illus
trious vscount of Ouro Preto, finding itself power
less to act simply ceased to exist with the
of Its members. The imperial family were
banlshed. -. fa.si a
Says Hello Lobo, Consul General Of Brazil In
New York: -->I-3
"YQu Americans proud Of having given the
world lesson in democracy which still endures.
and 1t was indeed admirable for It shaped the
destiny of the whole continent and became the
source of widespread inspiration. Jamestown with
Its first elective assembly, the stirring events
which took place In Independence Hail. the vote
freedom of speech, trial by jury-all the guaran-
tees OF civil and political fe-fOr these the world
Is deeply indebted to you.
Brazil did not forget this after she threw of
the colonial yoke; although were governed
by liberal King who, above the crown, placed the
nations WILL your example gave strength. As
during the incumbency of Pedro l, the regency,
and Pedro ii this practice OF government remained
unchanged, So when the Republic came into exist.
and. thereby. the federation, liberal tra-
dtion already established and universally
respected. Although borrowing its Constitution In
1888 from the United States, Brazil did fatter
your political wisdom by copying It entirely. With
a Charter which for more than half century
had found Its inspiration In the most liberal
principles of the English Cohstitution-simllarly
a source Of inspiration to the Constitution of the
United States-Bruzil, In its Republican and defni.
tive force of government found at Inst Its natural
pattern"