davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
FIRST BALLOT FOR STRIKE
Each EmpIoye Asked To BE Careful
To Mention His Craft.

Chicago, June ia corps OF
clerks in union headquarters OF the
railway shop crafts today began tabu-
lation of strike ballots as rapidly as
they are returned from shopmen on
the nations railroads. Tabulation be-
gan with the first ballots favoring
strike To make the poll as definite
as possible each employe is expected
to designate his craft and the road
by which he is employed.
Altho the ballots are returnable
June so. the day before wage reduc-
tions ordered by the United States
railroad labor board become effective
B. NJ. Jewell. president of the rail-
way employees department OF the
American Federation of Labor urged
the men to have their votes registered
by June 25.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
Harding Says Bill Must Pass
Before Adjournment, or
So Much Is Involved President
Is Obliged, He Says.
WROTE THE LETTER MAY 26
Warming Sent to Chairman Of
the House Rules Committee.
Session Would Be Called Solely
to Consider This Measure.
tpy the Assoeiated Press.l

Washington, June 13. - President
Harding has notified Chairman Camp
bell of the house rules committee that
unless the ship subsidy bill is passed
prior to adjournment, he would feel
obligated to call a special session sole
ly for it's consideration
Writing under date of May rs. the
president said: so much is involved
and such a difficult and discouraging
situation will follow If congress fails
to sanction the merchant marine bill
that I should feel myself obligated 70
call congress Immediately in extra
ordinary session to especially consider
1t If it went over thru any neglect and
delay beyond the present term"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
CAT RAISES MORE RABBITS
When One of Her Offspring Dies.
Tabby Kidnaps Four More Bum
mics and Is Rearing Them With
Two Previously Adopted.

Salina, Kan, June 13.-The cat on
the Agnew farm, IL miles from Sa-
lima, which recently attracted atten-
ton by adopting two baby rabbits. as
com panions for her two kittens, has
developed her fondness for little bum
MES even further.
One of her natural offspring died
and Tabby went out into the fields.
kidnapped four more tiny rabbits from
their native lair. and contentedly Is
now rearing her family of six, ac-
cording to Mr.. Agnew's latest report
on the unique family.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
. IOWA RANGE 10 PARIS GRILL.
June First, Cattle Sfarted-Nozv
They're Served I'm Frnnce.

Chicago, June 13.-Steers which
grazed in Iowa pastures June 1, were
served as steaks in Paris grills today.
When the Cunard liner Mauretania
docked at Cherbourg, Monday after a
record voyage of five days, eight hours
and ten minutes, she unloaded beef
which left Chicago June 4, the total
running time between Chicago and
the European continent was seven
days, nine hours and forty minutes
Establishment of fast shipments be-
tween Chicago and Europe has re-
duced the ordinary running time Of
twenty days to seven.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
HE HELPEU DUMAS
Heirs of French Authors Col
IabOratOr Win and Lose.
Asked Maquet's Name on
Dumas Books From Now On.
BUT HE'LL GO UNRECOGNIzED
Widow of Maquet's Nephew
Now Gets Royalties Due Her.
And Corps of Experts Has To
Be Called to Find Amount.
BUT HE'LL GO UNRECOGNIzED
CBY the Associated Press.)


Paris, June 13.-The heirs of Au-
gust z. Maquet are entitled to half
the royalties that have accumulated
and other works written in collabora-
ton with Alexandra Dumas.
This was decided today by the court
which has been hearing the suit
brought by Madame Roiffe, widow of
the nephew of Maquet. Maquet had
to 1908 the the court found, and since
during his lifetime Maquet waived the
right to sign works written with Du-
mas, their publication may continue
over Dumas sole signature. it was
ruled.
Experts are to be appointed to cal
culate the amount due the heirs. The
fact that the famous French novelist
had an historical writer as a collabor-
ator was established in 1S48 when a
suit was brought to recover his rights.
Couldn't Pay 1t All.
1t appears that Maquet sold his
rights in 1876 to Dumas for the sum
of 145 600 francs, but as Dumas, on
account of the collapse of the Histori-
cal theater, was only able to pay part
of the money, Maquet sued to recover.
The suit was lost, altho the collabor-
alton was recognized.
The point made in the present suit
was that as the law relating to the
duration of literary ownership of au-
thor's heirs was changed from 20 to
so years not long after the original
contract was made between Maquet
and Dumas. the rights should be ex-
tended an additional thirty years until
1898 or fifty years from Maquet's
death.
Maquet be placed upon the Dumas
work as CO-authOr.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13

New York, June 13.-Twelve hun
dred perfumed peppered and poisoned
Bibles have been shipped to Ocean
Island in the Gilbert group by the
American Bible society, it was an
nounced by that organization today.
The volumes, which are in the Gill
bertese language, were routed by sgd
ney, Australia, a distance of 900
miles. They were specially bound, the
poisoned glue being, used to kill the
bookworms of the tropic island which
are very destructive.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
UP TO 95 TODAY
Is Highest Temperature in To-
peka Since July z, 1921.
Cooler Weather on Way, Says
MeteOrOlOgist Flora.
ronAY,s rEMPERATrREs.

All previous heat records for this
year were broken this afternoon when
the mercury rose to 95 degrees at 2
o'clock. This is the highest tempera-
ture reported at the local weather bu-
reau since July Z, 1921.
Some slight relief from the ultra
summer weather is promised tonight,
tho there will be no great change in
the temperature.
Tonight the temperature will hover
around the 20 degree mark. At t
o'clock this morning the lowest point
in the twenty-four hour periods
degree-Occurred.
The average temperature of the past
twenty-four hours was eleven degrees
above normal.
Tomorrow afternoon, the tempera-
ture will again rise to 80 to IS de-
grees.
There is a slight chance of rain in
(Continued on Page Two
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13

Wellington, June 13.-Luther Han
gen Of this city has accepted a posi-
ton as publicity director for Kansas
State Normal, Emporia- He succeeds
II. Z. Birdsong who has resigned 70
study for his masters degree. Since
graduation from the University or
Kansas two years ago, Hangen has
been on the editorial staffs OF the
Wichita Beacon and the Kansas city
Star
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
Physicians Have Aided Pupils.

cases of children suffering conse-
quences of diseased tonsils in public
schools, found by the county Rel
Cross nurse, Miss OFT, physicians have
stated in her annual report. Last
year her report stated, 35 per cent of
the school children were affected By
mal-nutrition, while this year the per-
centage has been reduced to a.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
BANDITS DESTROY A MISSION.
Luchan, in Province OF Honan, China
Is Scene OF Attack.

Shanghai, June 13.-AccordinR to
reports received here today by the
vernacular press. the Norwegian
Lutheran mission at Luchan, in the
province OF HOnan. was looted and
completely destroyed by bandits
Six foreigners were taken prisoners
the report stated. but all have been
released except Miss Staurseth who is
being held for ransom
Many buildings were burned by the
looting bandits, advices stated. and it
was reported more than 100 Chinese
we're shot or burned to death
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
TWELVE TONNES ARE sLAIS7
KenaIists in DardaneIIes Reported To
Have Massacred Them.

London. June 13.-Twelve British
soldiers have been captured by Kefn-
olists in the Dardanelles and are re-
ported to have been massacred, ac-
cording to a news agency dispatch re-
ceiYed here today.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
new BOOKKEEPING SYSTEM
Auditor KnOwiton Preparing to Check
Police Department Funds.

In addition to making an audit of
the accounts of the police department,
City Auditor c. c. Knowlton is pre-
pairing for the police force an entirely
new system of bookkeeping which will
be followed at the station in the
future, and will enable the city auditor
to make an imm ediate and accurate
check of funds received and paid out
there.
knowlton has not yet made his re-
port to the mayor on the results of his
audit of the books of the department
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
Expert Athlete and Swimmer Droun-

Independence, June 10. - Barney
Martin who was drowned while swim
ming in a clay pit near here, was an
outstanding star in high school sportn
here this season In the Nerdigris VAL
ley league track meet he won the 100
yard dash in 10.1 seconds. Martin
was also an expert swimmer. II f.
believed he was seized with cramps
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
SEARCH FOR 100000 is ON
Administrator of Hot Springs WON
ans Estate Asked by Relatives.

Chicago, June disappointment of
an administrator of the estate of Ora
Belle Downs 'Ridgley was planed to-
day by relatives of the Assumption,
Ill, widow in their investigation of
circumstances surrounding her death
at Hot Springs, Ark, June 6, and their
search for her alleged missing $780,
600 fortune.
Asserting belief that Mrs. Ridgley
did not die a natural death and that
the fortune she is believed to have
possessed has disappeared, attorneys
for the relatives indicated they would
ask for an official investigation.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
SAY TRUSTED AGENT STOLE.
Delaware, Okla, Mop Agent Placed
Under 1900 Bond Now.

Coffeyville, Kan, June 13.-J. F.
Warden, for q good many years Mis-
souri, Pacific railway agent at Della
ware. Okla, twenty miles south Of
Coffeyville, was today placed under
$500 bond. in connection with
charge of theft OF merchandise from
the Missouri Pacific depot.
The complainant is Henry Mitchell.
a helper about the station, who led
the officers to Varden's garage. where
some of the missing merchandise was
recovered.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
100000 FIRE AT ST. JOE.
Santa Fe Freight House Gutted BY
Blaze During Night.

ST. Joseph, Mo, June 1S.-The
Santa F'e freight house here is a mass
of wreckage today. following a fire
which gutted the place late last night,
causing a damage estimated at more
than 100000
Several barrels of kerosene exploded
while the flames ragged and the blaze
was one of the most spectacular wit
messed here in years.
Twenty box cars were also de-
StrOVed
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
.BANDITS" CUT HIS BEARD.
Three Armed Men Raided Dublin
Apartment. Attacking Owner.

Dublin, June 1S. - Three armed
young men knocked at the door of
the apartment of Darrell Figgis at
midnight last night. Mrs. Figgis
opened the door and the men pushed
past her and rushed Figgis into his
study.
Figgis was told that the men had
instructions TO cut off his whiskers.
notwithstanding the pleas of Mrs
Figgis the raiders seized her husband
and clipped off the greater part of his
beard and mustache.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
MRS. BRUNEN is ARRESTED
Staying of Husband Charged Against
Circus Owners Widow.

Mount Holy. n. J.. June 13.-Mrs.
Doris Brunen, widow of John T. Bru-
nen, circus owner who was shot and
killed on March 10. is under arrest
here today on-a charge of murder.
The authorities said that she was
arrested upon information furnished
by persons already held in connection
with the case, but declined to give
further information.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
READ THE KENNEDY MESSAGES
Series of kilograms to Mrs. Obenchnin
Introduced Against Her.

Los Angeles. June ia series of
kilograms which passed between Mrs.
Madalynne Obenchain and J. BeIton
Kennedy, for whose murder she is now
on trial for the second time, were
expected to be read to the jury today.
According to the prosecution, these
teiegrams and scores OF letters be-
tween Mrs. Obenchain and Kennedy
show the motive for the crime.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
sLAYs SELF on FARM?
Body of st. Louis Firm officer Found
No Motive known.

St Louis June 15.-The body of
George h Fisher, vice president of a
local investment company, was found
on a farm IN St. Louis county last
night with the throat slashed and a
razor clutched in the right hand.
Friends and relatives declared the
broker had contemplated purchasing
the farm. and said they did not know
OF any reason why he should commit
suicide Business associates declared
his accounts were in good shape. A
valuable diamond ring was found on
the brokers finger.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
Professor AIlen to CalIforniaI U.

Lawrence. Kan. June 13.-Prof. B.
at the University of Kansas, resigned
his position to take effect Immediate
ly. Professor Allen has accepted a
similar position with the southern
branch of the University of Southern
California, at Los Angeles. Last week
Professor Allen left on his summer
expedition to Puget Sound.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
WE TO PROMOTE OTHER TRADE
Steamer MOjave of Coast Guard Serv-
ice Ready to start June 10.

Seattle. June 1S.-The steamer
MoJave of the United States coast
guard service is here to start June
Is. with Assistant Secretary OF Com
merce c. X. Huston and a party of
other federal officials on a foreign
trade promotion cruise.
The Mojave will visit Alaska. Japan.
china, the Philippines, India, conti-
mental Europe. and Great Britain.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
NO BIG STICK" TO AID HIM.
Former Valet of Col Roosevelt, Jailed
for Carving Gun.

New York, June 13.-Murray Wat
kins, a 54-year-o1d negro of Matawan
N. J., who once belonged to the Tenth
cavalry, and who boasts that he was
President RoOsevelt's personal valet,
when the colonel went hunting in
Africa, must go to the penitentiary for
six months TO three years for having
a revolver in his possession.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
Gas Doesn't Bother Mule Nfarket.

Fort Scott, June 13.-Gasollns op-
position apparently is not affecting the
mule market in these parts :. A.
Goldman since last September has
shipped 5Ss head OF mules from his
Devon ranch. to points in northern
Missouri. This year he has paid out
$4,000 to farmers in this vicinity for
mules
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
LIS APPOINTMENT ALL OFF.
He Cancels 1t Awaiting Reply From
DIR. WI to Request

Peking, June 1S.-President Ii
Yuan Hung's mandate, appointing DR..
Wu Ting Fang, former minister to
Washington and prominent south
China leader. pr aier. was cancelled
today. pending receipt of a reply from
Doctor WI to the request that he &C
cept the office and aid in the re-
unification of China
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
REVOLT AGAINST EVOLUTION
Baptist Pastors Refuse To Support
COLLEGE Unless Darwin Exponent Quits

college, Unless Darwin Exponent Quits
Nashville, Tenn. June 13--Unless
Professor c. w. Davis, member of the
faculty of Union university, a Baptist
institution at Jackson, Tenn, is elimi-
mated from its teaching staff, or de-
clares publicly his reputation of the
theory of evolution, all financial or
moral support of the Nashville Bap-
tist Pastors conference will be with
drawn from the institution according
TO resolutions adopted today by the
conference.
The action of the board of trustees
in the reelection of Professor Davis,
after he had been tried upon charges
of teaching evolution was condemned
by the conference.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13

lola. June 13.-Swimming promises
to become a popular pastime here
this summer. The Country club has
just completed its new pool, the men,
bers doing most of the work. It was
dedicated with a swimming and box
ing party.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
CROP OPTIMISM IS FELT.
Vice President of Santa Fe System
Says IS States Show Well.

San Francisco. June 13.-Edward
Cham bers of Chicago, vice president
of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe
Railway company. expressed great
optimism here today regarding crop
conditions in the thirteen states served
by his road
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
EXPORT TRADE AGAIN DOWN
Increase in Import Field for Q. S. Seen
This Month.

Washington, June 13.-America's s
export trade suffered another decline
during May. dropping from the total
of SSls.OOO,OOO reported for April to
s3OS, 100000.
Imports however. increased to
1854. 100000, as compared with $217,-
600 600 for April.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
GAS ON ISLE OF LUzoN.
Standard Oil Expedition Reports That
OIL May Be Found There

San Francisco, June 13.-The
Standard Oil company, which a year
ago sent an expedition to the Philip
pines, has discovered gas on the island
of Luzon, possibly indicating the pres
ence of oil, according to a cable re-
ceived today at the office of the COM
pany.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
Winfield Church Cornerstone Laid.

winfield. June 13.-The corner
stone of the new United Brethren
church here was laid Sunday after
noon, June 4, with a ceremony con-
Quoted by the pastor, the Rev A L.
DeeVer
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
40 OF 90 Babies without Defects.

Augusta, June 13.-Babies of Au-
gusta and vicinity were in fine fettle
when entered in the recent baby show
Out of 80 examined. 40 were without
defects and six tied for first honors
with a score of es per cent
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
x. Q. Summer Session opens.

Lawrence, Kan. June 1z-Tho
summer session of the University OK
Kansas has opened here with an en-
rollment of 1850 students
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
MORE JOBS IN KANSAS NOW
Much Employment Furnished Due to
BufbdinS Activities and Harvest.

Employment conditions in the state
are steadily improving, according to
reports received today by the indus
trial court. The records show that the
present unemployment is $500
Extensive building activities. the
early harvest and road building pro-
grams have given employment to hun
dreds of Idle men. Except in Few
southeastern Kansas cities, unemploy-
ment conditions have been greatly re-
lieVed
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1922-06-13
BIBLES ARE POISONED

Twelve Hundred Books of Gospel
Are PerfuIued, Peppered,
Poisoned and Sent Out by Bible
Society
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30
KILLED BROTHER; DYING
Prisoner Attempts Suicide After He
II Arrested for Frantricide.
~ InteTnatlonal News servlee

by International News Service
SHERMAN, Texas, Nov. 29.-Lit-
tie hope is held out by attending
physicians today for tho recovery OF
John Wade. on trial here charged
with the murder of his brother. Joe
Wade. who Monday afternoon cut
his throat In his cell with tobacco
can.
The trial was halted pending the
outcome of Wade's injuries. He was
rushed 10 a hospital but Is very weak
from loss OF blood.
Joe wade was killed last August
S on the public squire at Mllsboro,
his brothers. indictment following.
John Wades wife was killed last
May and two OF Wades brothers
were indicted but have not wet been
brought to trial, At that time Joe,
for whose death John Is on trial, was
arrested but not indicted.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30
Booze IntrOducer Is
Caught After Trying
To Destroy Evidence

Special TO Tho World.
ENID, Nov. 29--Motor Police
man II. l.. Mckee is of duty
nursing a fractured rib. on duty,
he saw an automobile pick up
speed and haStened in pursuit
w. ]. Davis OF Chickasha, driver
of the speeding car. also possessed
a jug OF whisky, When the mo-
torcycle drey alongside his car.
Davis attempted 10 spin the evil
dence against him and In tho
struggle hit Mckee, fracturing a
rib. Mckee secured the evidence
and the owner. however, and took
them both TO jail. McKee's place
on the force has been temporarily
filled until his recovery,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

AUSTIN. Texas. Nov, IA detaoh-
meut OF rangers sent 20 Breckenridge
about two weeks ago to protect Mexican
and negro residents have been ordered 20
return to Austin. n was announced. The
officers went to Breckenridge following
complaint by the Mexican government
through the state department at Wash
lngtun that its nationals were In danger
The situation at breckenridge 10 quiet
II was said here.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

FORT WORTH, Texas, Nov. 7e.--Cattls
from 81 Texas counties must be shipped
60 Fort Worth dipped and inspected be-
fore permit for interstate shipment viii
be issued, according to ruling made here
by the United states bureau of animal
Industry officials. Tho order 10 duo "a
the finding OF - light Infection In the
counties In question.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

BUFFALO, Mo. Nov. 29.--Phil A. Ben
nett OF this city. member OF the stats
senate and defeated candidate for con-
gross, has been named chairman Of the
legislative committee, appointed by Gov.
A NJ IAIn
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30
Kansas


EAPoRIA, Kan, Nov. ss-Harold
Hrown, Of clifton. a Junior in tho Kansas
state normal school here, has been elected
president of the Mathematics club, The
club is composed Of students ana iaculty
members at the Kansas normal who are
Interested in mathematics. MI. Brown
REPRESENTED The. school N debate last yeass
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30
Missouri

srHINOFIELD, MO, Nov. III n
Montgomery, reputed 60 bo one OF Spring
fields weAlthiest citizens died suddenly at
his homo following an attack OF heart
trouble
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

wEATHERFORp, Texas. Nov ie--
Weathorford college and the public schools
OF this city VIII observe Thanksgiving.
School viii no suspended Wednesday
afternoon and work will not be resumed
until Monday OF the following week
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

sPHfNGF1ELD Mo, Nov. 2s--A build
INK permit fur the erection of tho North
Side Presbyterian church has been issued
by Building Inspector MRckey. Dr. Clyde
NJ. mn president of Springfield State
Teachers college. has been named presi-
dent OF tho state Teachers association.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

WfNONA. No, Nov. 20.-Th. first oom-
muuity fair held here during the past
week. was decided success, according to
officials Of the association.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

OTTAWA, Kan. Nov 29--E. Murphy,
national director. Loayenworth. and J. a.
Walker, Empuria, stHta deputy, will viai,
tho ottawa Woodmsn lodGo next Tuesday
night special reception Ia being
planned FOR them by W9odmsu, Royal
koiEhbors and their families
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-30

WEATHERFoRD. Texas. Nov. as--The
entire household furnishings belonging TO
VIII Hnlbrock, together with tho dwelling
occupied by him, were totally destroyed
Saturday night. a small amount Of In
auranCa was CarrIod.