davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
as good as the natural eyewash
tears.
BY SMITH

Discouraged: II certainly takes
the photographer to discover pro-
tuberances and canons in your ply
siognomy that you never dreamed
were there. But you're not alone
in your misery. old dear. We've
all been shown up at one time or
another with ruthless brutality
and lived to face another camera
less expectantly. You just have 1"
keep on going the rounds until you
meet the man with a camera who
catches you on your best side
There's not much an amateur In
the way of makeup can do 70
improve.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01

Mother of Five: Too old to study
French? How utterly ridiculous.
You are never too old to study
anything, unless you make your
self too old for the task. Isn't
mental development the beauty of
age, anyway? II a mind is allowed
to become faded. dull and uninter-
esting, how quick the physical de-
terioration! You keep your body
young by exercise. Your mind the
same way. Mental Incidence is
death to the body, death to youth.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
6Mzba1HaSSilze1thmeyMy

he was rushing my friend. About
a month afterward several of us
were invited to her room for tea.
at once started teasing her. !
thanked her for taking him off my
hands and commented on what a
bore he was. Imagine my chagrin
when, later, came the announcement
of her engagement to him.
NJ =,
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01

the world before they were 80
years Of age? Alexander the Great,
Pyrrhus, Hannibal. Scipio Africanus
the Elder, the great Conde, Charles
XII. of Sweden. Napoleon.
.. When was the Smithsonian In
stitution founded at Washington
and by whom? 1t was founded In
1886 by means of a legacy be-
queathed to the United States gov
ernment by James Smithson, i'll
legitimate son of Sir Hugh Smith
son. who later became Duke of
Northumberland.
10. Give two synonyms for
prophylactic; for sardonic. Preven-
tive, preservative. Derisive, bit
terly ironical.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
CHARACTERS IN THE STORY

but think 1t too bad the way things
finish"
What elese could happen?" he
asked. "The fellow wouldn't take
a regular job, and you couldn't eX-
pect the girl to starve. could your
mo; but he is a genius. and
should think she could have taken
up some work to help along until"
"Ah. but how do you know he Is
a genius? Because a person writes
does not guarantee. that the stun
will ever amount to anything"
"Oh. but the spirit of the thing!
They could have been so happy to-
gether-tryingr"
You really think so?" he asked
rather cynically.
Continued Tomorrotp)
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Nightgowns
May Sale Prices
95c.$1.35 and s1.95

For the woman who prefers the pure white
nainsook, there are lovely styles-and for her
who prefers the bit of color-are Others
equally charming. Some of them sleeveless
with the entirely new bateau neckline-dainty
Empire effects that are stitched in colors-
narrow bias folds in contrasting shades arc
favored trimmings-and many add the touch
of colored embroidery or stitching, that so
many women like. On some, you will find
insets of dotted Swiss, embroidery or imita-
ton flet laces-while others as strictly
tailored as can be-but each one is remark
able value at the price.
Muslin Underwear Section, Third Floor.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
ECKLOFF HEADS
SECULAR LEAGUE

Thomas B. Eckloff was chosen
unanimously president of the WASH
ington Secular League for a third
term yesterday at its last meeting
OF the season, at 1101 Z street north
west. Other officers elected were:
John d. Bradley. secretary; A. D.
Baden, treasurer: Mrs. Sara A.
Barnes. Prof. ]. w. High and Prof.
David Eccles, vice presidents.
Gen. Jacob S. Coxey told OF his
experiences before various Congress
sional committees.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
.@Mezz1lMN@7eSSIs
Approximately

picture theaters? approximately
$4,000, 900.
6. What is the soutehrnmost point
OF the United States? Cape Sable.
Fla.
Z. When was the battle of Bull
Run and where did 1t take place?
II took place on Sunday. July 81,
1861, in the vicinity of Manassas,
Va. 1t was the first great battle or
the civil war.
8. Who were the young con-
querors who attracted the eyes or
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Getting at the Truth.

When i was a normal school stu
dent l was a practice teacher in the
first grade. We were required by
our instructors to write a criticism
of the teaching we observed. One
morning l was greeted by the first
grade teacher with the remark that
had left my note book on her
desk the previous day. and she
added. Thank you for the criticism
you made on my loud voice and ex-
cited manner" w. c.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
All Laughed Merrily.

walked into the railroad station
and up to the ticket window. I pu,
my money down on the ledge say
ing. "One. please"
The agent waited a moment ana
asked where to, pleaser'
Still absent-minded, l replied.
Center front, If you have any left"
l came to" when / heard the
merry laughter of the rest in line.
6. G.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
She Took Him.

When 1 was in college I had an
admirer in whom 1 was not at all
interested. and one night, in order
to avoid what promised to be a
boring engagement, l pleaded ILL
ness and asked friend of mine to
act as substitute. / saw no more
of him. but learned indirectly that
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
HedzztuoAnSWay

When the mind foregoes the privi-
lege Of progression and abandons
itself to ruts, you're gone SO for
as youth. beauty and charm are
concerned. when you get through
with French. tackle Spanish, Ital-
ian and every other language that
appeals to you-and more power TO
you!
Esther: Try an eye wash of
boiled water in which a little salt
just enough to make the water
taste salty-is used. 1t is almost
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Answers to These Questions WI
BE Published Tomorrow.

BE Published Tomorrow.
l. What causes the Sahara desert?
2. What is an archipelago?
8. What well known naturalist
died in the last year?
4. What proportion of copper is
there in our bronze cents?
5. To what colony did the terri
tory of Maine belong? Vermont?
6. Where does the lord mayor of
London have his residence?
Z. Give two synonyms for sodal-
ity; for paramount.
s. Where is Lake George and for
what Is 1t noted?
9. Who is premier of China?
10. Who we're some of the cham
pion screen heartbreakers of other
days!
l. How much of the metal in our
cent nickel coins is nickel?t Only
25 per cent. The rest Is copper.
2. Who might be termed the vet
eran vamp" of the screen? Theda
Bara.
3. What is the Gulf Stream!
Where in it's course could a dam be
put that would make all Europe
freeze? The Gulf Stream is a cur
rent of warm water. gathered for
the most part in the Caribbean Sea
and the Gulf Of Mexico, and flowing
northeast and warming all Europe
as far east as Russia. A dam
across the Strait of Florida of about
100 miles length would stop the
Gulf Stream and bring an arctic
climate over all of Europe north of
Italy.
4. What is a nonagon7 A nine
sided figure.
5. What is the amount of cash
admissions paid daily to motion
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Pansy Brassieres
Csc, $1.85 and $2.4

A wonderful collection of attractive models
in Pansy Brassieres-in pink satin, lace
trimmed-fastened at the front or back-also
embroidery trimmed muslin brassieres, hooked
in front-sizes "a to 44-and special values
at these low prices.
Corset Section Third Floor.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Corselettes, $1.35

The corselette is combination OF brassicrc
and girdle that women have found to be a
most practical and comfortable garment-rnade
of fancy pink broche-in sizes 81 to "A IN
clusive-and very specially priced at SI,3s.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01

Attractive Low Prices on every item and
every garment IN this May Sale-evey-
thing is newly bought and there are many
new STYLES shown for the first time.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
.odart Corsets
May Sale Prices
$2.75 and $3.75

Modart Corsets offer two especially good
models-and there is splendid selection from
an assortment of Is dozen corsets-one
Modart Front Lace Corset of fancy pink
batiste, with elastic waistline-S3.75--the other
also front laced-of pink batiste, low bust,
but raising over the shoulder blades 10 give
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Envelope
Chemise
May Sale Prices
Csc, S1.35 and S1.95

There are so many attractive styles in
chemise, both in tailored and fussy trimmed
models, that it is almost impossible TO de-
scribe them. However, tailored pink dimity
ones deserve mention-and many OF the
white chemise use fine tucks, lace, medal
lions and embroidery for trimmings. They
invite plentiful selections at these prices.
Muslin Underwear Section Third Floor.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
Long Elastic Girdles
$50

There arc just dozen of these long elastic
girdles made of surgeons pink webbing with
pink coutil front-sizes 26 to 3o inclusive-and
very specially priced, $I.5o.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
muuAmar6 Guttrup
Open 9:15 A. M. New York-WASHNGTON- Close p M
Beginning This Morning May Sale
UndermuSlinS

You will welcome these May Sale oppor-
tunities to select your summer supplies
way below the usual priees-you'n be
surprised at the wonderfully large and
varied assortments. -.
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
An All-Linen Towel
May Sale Price, Soc

These towels were bought in ireland person
ally by our representative. and they repre-
sent value we believe difficult 10 duplicate
at the price.
Absolutely pure linen; some arc hemmed
and others hemstitched. All have damask
borders; size I8x34 inches
The Washington herald., 1922-05-01
White Sateen Pettieoats, May Sale
Price, 81.

An unusual value for May-because these
white sateen pctticoats are scallopcd in silk,
which is an added feature-they have the re-
inforccd panel and the quality is excellent
three things which will insure their quick
selling.
Petticost Section, Third Floor.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
INJUNCTION TO Be
ASKED I D \ AL 7
n. SIDE P A \ | N c
153 PROPERTY OWNERS SIGN NO
TlCE SAYING THEY WILL FIGHT
LETTING OF CONTRACT FOR
IMPROVEMENT OF NORTH OF
TAWA.

Notice was served on the city Of
ticialj today by the law firms of Wood
ward 4 Hibbs and Buffers & CLARK
that they would go into court next
week and ask an injunction to pre-
vent proceeding with the pavement of
the North Side. The action will be
taken in the name of the North Of
taWa property owners who staged a
fight in the County Court to prevent
the paving.
The objections to the paving were
denied in the lower court An appeal
was to be taken to the Appellate
t~ourt but the required bonds were
not filed and the court denied the an.
peal. The notice was signed by 1913
property owners. The fight will be
staged in the court next Friday, Oct.
20. The notice alleges that the CON
tract for the pavement was illegally
let, and that the cost of the paving
was too high, and stated that they
would ask the Injunction until they
could take further action to stop the
pavement.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
OTTAWA M A Y B {
CHOSEN F 0 R 1928
TEACHERS MEETING
SPRING VALLEY MAN CHOSEN
HEAD OF ORGANizATIoN--1.2 POO.
REGISTER AT MEETING.

Princeton, H., Oct. 14.-(SpecialD J.
Ottawa will probably be chosen as the
1923 meeting place of the Upper Hi
nois Valley Teachers Association. ac-
cording to the members of the newly
appointed executive committe named
here yesterday. The meeting was a
great success and was attended by
1000 pedagogs.
The officers chosen for the coming
year are:
Monroe Melton, Spring
Valley.
Vice president--W. Z. King, Lacon.
Secretary - Miss Ethel Share,
Princeton.
Treasurer-F. A. Bell, Buda.
Executive committee-H. B. Fisher,
treator; G. B. Smith, Princeton and
(. FL. Kingman, Ottawa.
State committee-T. j. Mccormick,
La Sale. resolutions; George A Smith,
Princeton, appropriations, and J. B.
McManus, La Sale, legislation
c. e. Woodward of Ottawa presi-
dent OF the constitutional convention,
delivered an address on the new con-
st1tution at the general session yes
terday afternoon.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
DYNAMITE HOTEL
IN BRISTOW. OKLA

Bristow. Okltn Oct, ll4.-Oficials
We're trying to establish motive to-
day for the dynamiting of the Illinois
noted here last night which caused
the death of Nick Redwind. an oil
heid worker and the injury of a doz-
en- other persons.
Those injured most seriously were
Florence Jones and II. T. Farrell. A
large charge of dynamite was explod-
ed under the rear of the hotel. a
small frame structure about mid
night. The building was levelled.
Persons who rushed to the scene
eXtricated the injured from the
wreckage. The fact that flames did
not break out after the blast prob
ably saved from death several of
those caught in the debris. Redwind
was dead when rescuers reached
him.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
FIND K. K. K. ROBE
ON OTTAWA STREET
AFTER AUTO PARADE
MYSTERY SURROUNDS THE PASS.
THRU OTTAWA OF HUNDREDS
OF AUTOS FILLED WITH MEN
LAST NIGHT.
Included the C.. 3. g. q

Mystery surrounds the passing thru
Ottawa during the night of hundreds
OF autos, which are said to have been
filled with men. The machines en-
tered on Superior street, passed south
on Columbus and are said to have
headed west on the road south of the
river. This morning the robe of a
klu klux Klansman was seen lying
on the pavement in the 500 block on
Columbus street, where it had evil
IDENTIFY been dropped by a passing
auto.
The robe disappeared in the early
morning, but those who saw it, say it
was marked with a big purple cross
on the front
A canvass of the territory through
out the county fails to disclose any
trace of big Ku Klux Klan meeting
in this vicinity. 1t is reported the
autos were headed from Chicago and
the territory north of Ottawa, to a
big khan meeting some place down
state.
Thousands of men are said to have
been riding in the machines. Resi-
dents of Columbus street say that the
passing of the autos kept up for
very long time.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
261 REFUGEES OF
SEA DISASTER LAND

San Francisco, Oct. 14-Refugees
of the sea, the 26l persons who were
passengers and crew of the liner
City of Honolulu when flames drove
them into the ships boats. 637 miles
southeast Of San Francisco on Thurs
day morning, were approaching the
mainland today aboard the transport
Thomas. The Thomas is expected to
make port some time tomorrow. The
City of Honolulu was burned to
waters level 1er cnarred and twist
ed hulk will be towed in later.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
MRS. ELLEN WEBSTER
AGED 90, PASSES AWAY

Mrs Ellen Webster aged 90, pass
ed away at her home, 637 First ave-
nue., at about 3 o'clock yesterday af-
ternoon. Death was due to stroke
of paralysis suffered about week
ago. As near as can be learned there
are no surviving relatives.
The deceased was born in 1882 in
the state of Connecticut and came
to Ottawa when but young girl. She
resided here ever since.
The funeral will be held from the
home at time not named and the
burial will be made in the Summit
View cemetery.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
STREATOR Pc E0PL {.
DISMISS TWO B | c.
R. R. DAMAGE SUITS
JUDGE EDGAR ELDREGE POSTS
CALENDAR OF APPEAL CASES
TO BE HEARD BEFORE A JURY |
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT MON.
DAY.

Damage suits for total amount OF
100000, which were brought against
the Chicago & Alton railroad in the
circuit court this month, were dis.
missed just before noon today by the
plaintiffs. The suits were the result
of an automobile accident which oc-
Cured more than a year ago, when
Mrs. +. d. Coons was killed One
case was was started by f. d. Coons.
He asked $4,000 damages. Mrs.
Hattie Dwyer. the plaintiff in the 9th.
er suit, asked $4,000 damages.
1t is reported an agreeable settle
ment has been reached by the prin-
cipals.
Posts Appeal Calendar
Judge Eldredge today posted the
list of appeal cases that will be call
ed for trial Monday. These cases
are as follows:
William Colwell VS. Elmer Williams
ct al.
John II. McGraw VS.. Roy Wiley.
In the matter OF the last will and
testament OF Chas. b. Richards, de-
ceased.
Sam H. Brunswick ct al VS.. Baker
Bros, a corporation
William Dooley VS.. La Sale County
Carbon Coal Co
Matt Noonan VS.. John Bavitz.
W. ii. Bacon VS.. Maria Seebach ct
al
Morris &c Co. VS.. A. Mutter.
Joseph Sienko VS. Alex Mysilewicz. !
F. b. Harden & Co. VS.. Illinois Cen
tral Railroad Co. ct al.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
BRIDE TOO YOUNG,
JUDGE FL DR. { D Ct
GRANTS ANNULMENT
TWO OTHER COUPLES SECURE
DEGREES ON CHARGES OF DE.
SERTloN BROUGHT BY MATE
WHO REMAINED AT HOME.

An annulment of her marriage to
Albert j. Plate of Marseilles was
granted to Puma Case Plate, a well
known west Ottawa girl, in the cir.
cult court this morning. The couple
were married June 80, 1921, in Mar
seilles. The complainant told the
court that she is not yet of legal age,
but that the defendant secured a Ii.
cense the day before marriage. saw.
ing that tthey were both adults. She
was given the right to resume her
maiden name.
Charges Desertion.
Mrs. Clara d. Green of Ottawa Sc,
cured a divorce from Joseph w. Green
in the circuit court today, on charges
OF desertion. The couple were mar.
rled Jan. 9, 1907, the complainant al
legged and on Jan /, 1915. the de-
fendant deserted her and has since
lived apart from her. She was given
the custody of their two daughters.
Man Secured Decree.
Palo Sipickey, OF Streator, was
granted decree of divorce from Mrs.
Anna Sipickey in the circuit court
this morning on desertion charges.
Mr.. Sipickey told the court that he
and the defendant were married April
II, 1907, in Jugo Slavia, and that on
Aug. 10, 1913, she deserted him. and
has since lived apart from him.
Dismisses Suit.
The appeal from the probate court
to the circuit court which was started
by Attorney Chase Fowler, to collect
a commission for the alleged sale of a
farm for the late Moab Trumbo, was
dismissed today. The Ottawa Bank
ing d Trust Co, executors of the
VIII OF the late Mr.. Trumbo, were
made the defendants in the action. /
Decree Granted.
A decree was granted in the suit
brought by Mollie Larkin against
Thomas McLain and Celestia NJ. Ram
'ey of Chicago yesterday afternoon.
3y the terms of the decree a trust
Iced to some La Sale real estate was
set aside.
File Peru Will.
me Will of the late Wilhelmina
3rockman of Peru, who died Oct. 9,
vas filed today. Mrs. Brockman left
IN estate valued at $3100. A daugh.
er. Minnie Brockman, is to receive
200 and the remainder of the estate
will be divided among her six chill
Lren, Minnie, Charles, Henry. Anna.
\atie and Peter, according to the will.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
STEAL AUTO PARKED
BY COURT HOUSE IN
DAYLIGHT.
CAR RECENTLY PURCHASED BY
WALTER SIEGERT, SOUTH SIDE
FARMER, TAKEN DURING FRI.
DAY AFTERNOON RUSH HOURS.

A new Chevrolet touring car was
stolen from its parking place west
OF the court house yesterday afternoon
between and 5 o'clock. The car was
the property Of Walter Siegert, South
Ottawa farmer, who left it standing
at the side of the court house. and
found 1t missing when he returned.
Mr. Siegert was unable to remember
the numbers on the machine in re-
porting the theft to the sheriff's Of
flee.
Ask Sheriff to Find La Sale Car.
Sheriff Ayers was today asked to
search for a new Ford touring car
belonging to John Jackson which was
stolen in La Sale on Thursday.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
STALE DENGINE
DELAYS TRAFFIC

The 3:05 northbound passenger
train on the c., B. q @. railroad was
delayed over two hours yesterday, due
to an accident to a switch engine.
Engine 1886, in charge OF William
Wilder, was coming to the local yards
from the South Side sand works at
about o'clock. When at Bellrose
crossing the rear trucks jumped the
tracks, placing the engine in a posi-
ton OF an angle of A. degrees to the
tracks. 1t took over three hours to
get the engine back on the tracks, and
1t was after o'clock before north
bound passengers could continue on
their way.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
FORMER RESIDENT
VISITS IN CITY

Mrs. John Tyron Boomberg and
son Teddy arrived from Philadelphia
this morning On a visit to relatives
and friends They are at present Wis.
iting Mrs. c. Zwanzig, Mrs. Bloom
berg's sister.
Mrs, Bloom6erg, who before her
marriage was Miss Lillian C. Struck.
myer of Ottawa, has been in the east
since 1918. Mr.. Bloomberg is local
auditor of the United States shipping
board at the Hog Islnd shipyard.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
ROME DISPATCH SAYS
FIGHTING IN FIUME

London, Oct. 14-(By the A. P)-
Fighting has broken out between the
DAnnunzio legionaries and the Zan-
ella forces in Fiume. saws a Rome
message to the Central News today.
An Ancona message states that Ital-
ian destroyers have been dispatched
to prevent the departure of fascist
forces from cara for Fiume.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
ROBERT BOTTOMLY
FUNERAL TUESDAY

The body of Robert Bottomly, for.
mer Utica young man, will arrive i'll
that city Monday for burial. Mr..
Bottomly left Utica about three years
ago and had been living in Los An
geles ever since. Tuesday word was
received that he had been killed in a
motorcycle accident in that city.
Upon their arrival the reamins will
be taken to the home of the parents
until Tuesday. The funeral will be
held from the Utica Baptist church
and the burial will be made in the
with burial in the Utica cemetery.
The Utica post of the American Le'
gion will have charge of the serv'
ices.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
STREET PARADE TO
CLOSE MARDI GRAS

Previous to the wind up of the Mardi
Gras now being given by the Knights
OF Columbus a huge parade will be
held at Z O'Clock in the loop district.
The parade will be like the regular
Old New Orleans Mardi Gras events,
with all the lights, noise and acces-
sorieS that go with such.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
GIVES AN AUTO TO
PAY DAMAGES

Danville, ILL.,, Oct. 14.-Faced with
the alternative of paying heavy dam
ages for having wrecked another al
tomobil2 on the Dixie highway, north
Of here last night, and having insuf.
t1cient funds, Nj. j. Burke, 1882 Cot
tage Grove avenue, Chicago, gave his
own car in payment to Mort Craig oil
Henning, III,
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
AUTO BANDITS MAKE
S40500 JEWELRY HAUL.

Chicago, Oct. 14.-SiX automobile
bandits entered the Sandack jewelry
store at Stxtythird and Halsted
streets today and after binding Louis
Sandack, one of the proprietors, and
four employees escaped with $4,000
worth of jewels and $500 in currency.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
WOODWARD SAYS
ATTACK is ERROR

Charles E. Woodward, president of
the Illinois constitutional convention.
today declared that the criticism of
certain individuals that ne words
'in the year of our Lord" were
omitted from the new constitution, is
an error. These words are in where
the officials certified to the secretary
of state and likewise appear in the
address to the people by the dele
gates and the printed copies OF the
constitution now being circulated.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1922-10-14
Lake Champiain.

Lake Champlain was discovered in
1919 by Samuel de Champlain, a
French explorer and colunizpr, who
gave ii his own name. The lake is
drained on TIE north by the Richie.
lieu river, which emptieS into the 81.
Lawrence.