davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
SLAYER OF CRICKMORE
is STILL AT LARGE

Charles Todd. alleged slayer of Sam
uel Crickmore, whose body was found
lying in an alley back of SOC North
Twelfth street Saturday night, still
was at large at a late hour Tuesday.
Although police officials had ex-
pressed surprise that TODD had not
yet given himself up, no word had
come from the man, who is believed
to be in hiding in Kentucky or Ohio.
He has relatives in both states, it was
said
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
OLD MAN KEPT TASTE

LONDON, June 27.-The old men
do not lose their taste was success
fully proved at Portsmouth when Al
derman F. Power, "a, was appointed
official teataster to the Portsmouth
Board Of Guardians Institution Pow
er drank sips out of fifteen different
cups and told the blend of each by a
sniff and click of his wetted tongue.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
MT. EVEREST PARTY
REACHES DARJILINc
(By Associated Pressl

LONDON, June 27.-A despatch to
the Morning Post from Calcutta says
that four members of the British Mt
Everest party have arrived at Darji-
ling, British India, but either other
members have not yet arrived. Those
who have reached Darjiling confirmed
the report that the early monsoon had
caused the failure of the expedition
to climb Mt. Everest to the top.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
WANTS SONS BODY

MELBOURNE, June 81 Sir Ross
Smiths mother has cabled her son, Sir
Keith Smith, asking that unless there
are strong grounds for not so doing,
the body of Sir Ross, who was killed
in England Just previous to his start
for a fight around the world should
be brought back to Australia for
burial.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
TRUSTEES PICNIC

ANDERSON, Ind, June 27.-Town-
ship trustees of Madison county held
their annual outing at Mounds park
today. Families and friends of the
trustees took part in the all-day fes-
tivities, which included as one of the
features the annual horseshoe pitching
contest. William Cunningham, trus-
tee of Monroe township, won the
event last year
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
SENTENCE OFFENDERS
AGAINST PUBLIC SECURITY

-A~t7DN4tINN1N1 Ns71T
BELGRADE, June 27.-Of several
hundred persons charged with offenses
against the public security five have
been condemned to death, seven were
given 20 years at hard labor and IS
received sentences ranging from one
to 16 years.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
4,sc5 POUNDS is PAID
FOR AUSTRALIAN RAM

LONDON, June PA dispatch to
the Times from Adelaide Australia,
quotes the record price of G4,305 as
being paid for Merino ram called
Royalist The purchasers were Brooks
Bros, a notable firm of South Aus
tralian sheep breeders.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
FOREST o. GARDNER

Gardner will be held Wednesday after
noon at 2 o'clock, from the home, 907
North G street. Burial will be in
Earlham cemetery. Rev. A. H. Back
us will officiate. Friends may call
any time.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
WILLIAM FREDRIcK eEsEKE

Funeral services for William Fred
rick Beseke will be held Thursday
afternoon at 2:30 o'clock, from the
home, 219 South Tenth street. Burial
will be in Lutheran cemetery. Rev.
J. F. Miller will officiate. Friends
may call at any time.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
SOLDIERS WIFE REWEDS;
FINDS HE is STILL ALIVE

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y, June ~
Mrs. Annie Seyfort, having read in
the casualty lists of the death of her
husband, George w. Seyfort, who was
wounded in the Argonne, married Hen
ry Rainier, but on attempting to col
lect her first husbands insurance
learned he was still alive. Seyfort has
reappeared and has begun an action
for divorce in the supreme court here.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
INDIANS FISH UNDER
TREATY SIGNED IN 1876

BOISE CITY, Idaho, June 27.-When
Chief David w Scott and Felix Loury
Neg Perez Indians, return to their
people they Will take with them the
privilege of hunting and fishing in the
state of Idaho, without license, &C
cording to the Walla Walla treaty OF
1855.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27
METAL WORKERS STRIKE
IN ITALIAN CITIES
(By Associated. Press

ROME, June 27.-The nationwide
strike called by the metal workers
union is fairly complete in Milan, Tur.
in and Trieste and in partial effect in
Genoa, Naples and various smaller
places.
The strike is due to the employers
act in cancelling part of the allowance
for the high cost of living. The gov
eminent is trying to arrange a settle
ment
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-06-27

Many natives of Palmyra gather
their own salt by dipping small guam
titles of water from some salt lakes
by the bucket and allowing it to evap-
crate.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
TN!RTY-TW0 MILLIONS.

President Harding on last Tues
day asked Congress for ThiGty-two
millions Of dollars for the private
SHIP owners Of the United States.
Hc declared the merchant marine
to be Fundamentally wrong. He
proposed a sale of the merchant
marine built UP during the war be
sold at sacrifice and that direct
and indirect subsidies and other
aid be granted private ship owners.
Harding sought TO break up the
farmers bloc" What lis he doing
for the financial "bloc" behind this
move? The time was in the History
Of this country when we had a sue
ccssful and crcditable merchant ma
rinc. We should have now.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
MRS. FRANCES ANN FLOURNOY,

Mrs. Frances Ann Flournoy.
widow Of former State Senator
Samuel l.ishtfool Elournoy, died
last Saturday afternoon al her resi-
dencc, lllI Virginia street. Charles
Ton. W. Va: she had been in i'll
health fer NOR" than five wears. Re-
Gently sl" had Il sinking spell. but
'"owCd rcNaarkahlc rccupvra';vc
qualities, and her death. while sud-
,crnly. WAS nCt unexpected. Her hus-
Eand for many years was prominent
rs Il lawyer in Charleston, where.
ne was a member OF Tie firm oc
t!ournoy. Price and Smith.
Mrs. Flournoy was born at Rom
ncN. hampshire county, Virginia. on
April 10, 1911. Sac was Il member
of Cnc OF the oldest families i'm The
Valley Of Virginia. being a daughter
OF John Baker White and Frances
Ann Straight, Of Romncy and Win
chester, Va, and 4 granddaughter of
Judge Robert White, of the general
court Of Virginia, and Judith Baker,
of an old Maryland family. Judge
robert White, her grandfather, was
major in the Revolutionary army
and one Of the original members OF
the Order of Cincinnati, a friend of
Washington and General Charles Lee
and grandson Of DR. Robert White
OF Paisley, Scotland, the latter sctt-
ling in The Valley OF Virginia near
Winchester about 1890.
Mrs. FlournOy was one OF the
most widely known and loved wo-
men in Charleston. She was a mem.
Der of the Society Of Colonial Danes
! Il lifelong member OF the Prcsbytcr,
ian Church, a dcvout Christian and
one who had all the exalted virtues
and qualities of mind and hearl
that could be associated with on,
OF her ancestry and family tradi
lions.
Mrs. FlCurnoy is survived bv ono
daughter, Mrs. Frances Flourno>
Preston. OF LcwiSburg. and foul
sons, Richard Park, Harry L., Sam
l.. and Alexander W.. Of Charleston
Funeral services took place at tho
residence last Sunday afternoon
conducted by Dr.. Earnest Thompson
assisted by Rev. Frank Brown.
The Independent joins the man,
friends Of this family in cxtendin.
sympathy in their sad loss.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
NOT AT PRESENT,

Governor Morgan has no inten-
ton al this time of assembling the
State Legislature in special session,
but he will exercise his conStitu-
tional prcrogaiive whenever an
emergency affecting the public well
fare dcnr..-d II, was the assertion
made by & sc,:CiaIy (? State Houston
&. Young. He had previously talked
to Governor Morgan.
The cCl.%!uticn empowers the
GoverEG: 10 assemble the Legisla-
l. " in pccial session whenever
he public Welfare demands it, said
the Secretary OF State. AT lhis time
thc Sl@.c Executive knGwS oC no
emergency that would Warrant the
Legislature being assembled in cN-
:raOrdinary session. He does not an
ticipatc any such emergency, but if
ii should arise have no doubt that
Governor Morgan would exercise
Ills constitutional prerogativc.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
NEW PROJECT.

An enterprise unique in The coal
mining industry Of West Virginia
and Kentucky is revealed in the
plans CT The Coal River CollicricS
Company, Il S2.O0O.OOU corporation
With headquarters in Huntington.
The company is virtually owned by
the locC:notivc engineers through
out the country belonging to the Ma
lional BrolhcrhcoI of Locomotive
Engineers. Warren $. Stone, Chief
Of the brotherhood, is chairman of
the company'S board OF directors
and William b. Premier, also an en-
ccutive of the brotherhood, is vice
president.
The engineers company has ac-
quircd control Of 1854 acres Of
coal land in Boone county and has
recently taken over the Eureka Coal
and Mining Company'S operations al
PrcS:onsburg. Ky. The company
has planned to establish its own re-
tail yards in Cleveland, O., and in
several advantageous spots through
out lii'c middle west.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
FIRST IN CHARLESTON.

In these days Of myriads of motor
vehicles, transc roads and
gigantic road-building schemes in
this State, few people realize that
the process of surfacing roads with
brick has not been the custom al
ways. Even a less number OF people
know that Charleston has the dis
tinction of being the first city in
the State to use bricks in paving. 1t
is highly probable that those who
have hidden at fair rate of speed
over some of the streets of the city
Will not hesitate to accept the above
as true. 1t is even posi-
BILE that some of that number will
90 so far as to state that the old paw
ing is still in use.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
FlENDS AT CLENDENNIN.

On the night of the 28th, Charles
Hicks OF that place took home with
Kim one John Lushcr, and they at
tempted to commit an unspeakablc
crime on his, Hicks wife. She strug-
sIed athAnTght long with the icnds
and about daybrcak made her es-
cape to the home Of neighbors. The
men were taken in hand by Justice
E.. A. Walker, who succeeded in
getting them on a train and TO the
Charleston Jail before a mob could
get hold OF them, which mob was
being assembled very rapidly. This
was one of the most dastardly
crimes in the annals of all history,
too when it is taken into considera-
tion that Hicks is native Of Glen
dennine and that Lusher was rear
cd in Rome county.
This crime is not only black
disgrace TO the community where it
occurred but TO the State and whole
country. When members of the hu-
man family become so base, so de-
graded and so vile, where arc We?
1t is said that Mrs. Hicks is of one
of The best families in Clcndcnnin.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
MEN Of TOMORROW.

The proper study Of mankind is
man.. The boys Of today must Srow
aid learn to be men Of tomorrow.
l lc habits and ideals Of the boys CT
to-day must determine the character
The study Of human life, its orr gin.
development, and the vital prob
lens that all young men must face
ana Soiv" Is without doubt the most
important study Of mankind.
Tendencies which are apparently
Inherent or intu:ivc arc ever q,
work TO destroy our higher aSpira-
lions. diScrganizing cur best laid
plans and confusing our neral
''AndardS. There may be such ii
lining as inherent character, certain
~ our capabilities and weaknesses
differ greatly but character itself is
Il r@- alt Of the building process Of
. one good motive upon another,
/ lrentcd by high ideals and noble
/ teachings. The home, the school,
and the church has been called the
tripod Of civilization, nothing could
come nearer the truth. The boys of
to-day must be men of tomorrow
The ideals OF home must be their
guide to their own future ideals.
The teachings of school forms the
basis of all future knowledge, and
the reverent worship of God must
serve to curb impulse and restrain
them from evil actions.
The men of tomorrow arc now in
knee breeches and easily trained
and inilunced. 1t is the duty of
every parent or other associates to
help mold their character aright.--
Randolph Enterprise.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
FEDERAL LAND BANK,

Jas. w. McClung, appraiser for
this sctcton Of West Virginia, for the
Federal Land Bank is busy arrang-
ing to place several large loans with
farmers in this and adjacent coun-
les. The Federal Land Bank is one
of the progressive measures Of the
Wilson administration. 1t enables
farmers to secure long time loans at
a low rate Of interest on unincuin-
bcrcd real estate. The money in
terestS OF the country fought this
project through the Supreme Court
Of tn'e United States. The Court
held il constitutional and it is now
in operation.
Farmers needing money can do no
better than TO investigate his prop
oSition ard avail themselves, Of lis
advantages.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
A LARGE FAMILY.

Mrs. Bertha Perkins, who will be
"S yc&:,, old IN April, was given
"the thrill Of lifetime" few days
ago when she received ncwsof the
arrival of three additional great
grandchildren within a period Of
forty-cight hour:. They brought the
number of her descendants to 27l.
Mrs. Perkins generations CT de-
SccndantS are divided as follows:
Ten children, eight of whom are
living; Is grandchildren, 155 great
grand children % srcat-grcat-grand-
children, 9 grcatsrcat- -great-grand
children.
Mrs. Perkins was born in Virginia
on April %, 1924 She married
David Perkins in Ohio on March
1G, 1S43. Her maiden name was
Bertha Marcum. In 1913 they emf
grated to Iowa, and in 1857
took homestead in Taylor
county, where she has lived ever
since. Mr.. Perkins died in 1893.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
SO
wFsT VIRGINIA HISTORIES.

-. y. Callahan. professor Of
'nry and political science ut
wrI Virginia University has Just
nrIc,rh and submitted TO the
~; ,h,rs the last craft Of Il rarra-
Nv .rn,ch Of The development Of
|; I.r;ycr,ity which forms Il part
IL, ,.,,,,cr on educational dcvc!op-
p',r, in his new volume on The his
49,. rf West Virginia. Other parts
:,,n chap.cr on the public schools
~ rc-mal schools were written by
|, y Shawkcy. Superintendent CT
|,..rrld schools. J. +. Marsh, Sccrc'
'r,, w state beard Of education and
nrnrh Eosier. president or Fair
I,"ni normal. This chapter com
t,c,r. 4 large volume Of 40 chapters
Prrnorcd by him for publication by
=. american Historical Society OF
fM;,.,ro which is responsible for
tl,a financial support of The enter
priSo and which plans to publish
,IE t;,;s volume two other volumes
hu biographical sketches OF West
t;rriria leaders OF achievement
Ir,na-cd BY other writer's.
TThr preparation Of the manuscript
~ ahr historical volume for which,
br Callahan is responsible has been
labor CT nearly two decadcs-large'
\ conducted during vacation per.
todS ard as historian of the State
{cmi centennial commission Of 1913
Ie has in various ways stimulated
he study of local history in tine
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
CROSS PETITIONS.

Mere than 175 railroads includ-
lng every transportation line in the
Country except the PENNSYLVANIA
railroad, filed petitions ft,' wage re-
ducticns for all classes OF employees
VIII! the United States railroad labor
board Last week.
unexpected cOunlcr propo sails for
wage increases were filed by seven
labor organizations in addition TO
the increase Of thirteen CENTS an
hour over present wags asked by r.,e
SlN railway shop crafts unions, as
announced two months ago.
Hearings on the wage disputes for
all classes Of employees except the
five train service brotherhoods--thc
engineers, tiremen conductors,
traimmen and switchmcn--will begin
March 9Th, the roads submission
generally seeking restoration of
wages paid prior to May 1, 1920,
when the boards first wage award,
amounting to 100000 became
effective. The cross-petitions for
more pay vary in the amounts
sought, ranging from six to thirteen
cents an hour.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
DAMAGE SUIT.

A suit for 100000 damages for
alleged assault and battery in
which the names of half dozen
Senator'S and members of the cabi-
net are mentioned was filed recently
in Washington City by Mrs. Alma C..
Smith ag1ist Leighton Taylor, sec
.retary TO The late Senator Boise Pen
rose and former clerk Of tie Senate
Finance Committee.
Mrs. Smythe declare that last
May she went to the finance COM
mittec room to see Senator Pcnrose.
There MIR Taylor. without any JUS
tlfiablc, reasonable Or probable
cause whatever, rudely, uniawfully
and with much force and violence,
grabbed hold Of, rugged and kissed
your plaintiff without her consent
and over her resistance" according
70 the allegations in the ccmplaint.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
NUMBER 81
R0MINE GUILTY.

The jury in the second trial of
Walter Rominr, at Fayetteville,
found bin guilty in the
participation Of The blowing UP OF
The Willis Branch power house.
some ,timc early last year.
He had been tried only Il few
days before. The first trial result
cd in Il hung jury but as many Of the
witnesses in lilc case had to be
brought from MoundSvillc, The sec
Ond trial WAS Immediately entered
into.
Rominc's defense was that he was
not with the crowd who blew up
the power house but that he WAS i'll
his store at Cirtsvillc and at his
home on that date.
Judge Summers II. Sharp, Of the
Grecnbricr-POcaho Circuit pre-
sided nt the second trial, Judge
Eary being absent holding Court in
Nicholas county.
Judge Sharp refused TO SET aside
the verdict of the jury and grant q
new trial and sentenced Rominc to
six years in the pcnitcntiary. A
stay Of sixty days was granted for
an appeal 10 the Supreme Court for
writ of error. A Fayettc paper has
the following to say:
"Judgc Sharp was very careful
that no error Nhould be made and
his prompt and fair rulings through
out the trial attracted much favor
able comment from attorneys and
court attendants. His manner of
conducting court commanded the
highest respect"
This is indeed an unfortunate
nixup for the Rominc family. The
father of Walter .Rominc is Squire A.
G.. Romine, one Of Raleigh county'S
best known and mos respected
citizens.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
HANGS TODAY,

Leroy Williams, a negro sentcnc-
cd to be hanged in the Moundsvillc
peintentiary at $3.50 O'Clock to-day.
Since the circuit court in Kama
wha county and the State Supreme
Court CT Appeals have upheld the
death sentence of the kanawha
county intermediate court, there is
no chance for his life unless the
Governor takes a hand at the last
minute and saves his life. II will
be remembred that Williams made
assault on white lady at St. AL
bans during the winter. Aspecdy
trial was had which resulted i'm q
death penalty. This cas- has gone
through all the courts of the State
all of which sustained the jury's
verdict and the sentence of the IN
termediate Court OF Kanawha coun-
ty. 1t is not Likely that the Cover
nCr will interfere.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
MATCHES BENEATH SNOW,

Farmer Charles w. A. Stcrns, Of
River Avenue, Lakewood, y. j.,
owns wli:at he considers the cham
plon cold weather halching hen CT
New Jersey. This week ne showed
eight exceedingly husky and lively
baby chicks to prove his claim.
Inc hen is an ordinary white
Leghorn, less than year old. She
was almost completely buried be-
meath snow during most of the
twcnty-onc days Of Matching.
The LcShorn disappeared three
weeks ago and was found in a corn
cr OF small building. through ;nc
wire front Of which the snow ,.nd
blown until She was covered. She
Kept on the job through all the
severe weather and pcckcd viciouSiy
al Mr.. StcrnS when he brushed some
OF the snow from ncr head and
wings.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
HONOR mCCAUSLAND.

Ccmmcmorating his services in
defending LynchDrlrg from the at
lacks Of the Union Army during the
Civil War, the citizens of Lynchburg
of Today will hang a portrait of Gen
eral John McCausland, now living
near Point Pleasant, Mason county,
in the gallery Of Confederate heroes
in the new city library buiIdig. This
is signal and well mcritcd honor
10 "a distinguished soldicr-yon OF
West Virginia, an drcCaIls lis mh.
vcn.urous life in those stormy days
Of the Civil War.
General McCausIand look an ac-
live part in the defense Of Lynch
burg during tie Civil War.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03

SEEKS TO RECALL HARVEY.

4 resolution designed to bring
about the recall from England of
Ambassador Harvey was introduced
by Rcpr"Scnt.ivc Ryan. Republican.
New York last week. The measure
proposes Il c0nGrCH>Unal invv >ligL-
lion OF statements made by the am
baSSadCr while abroad with II view
to having him detached from his
posi- in London.
MIR. Ryan quoted extracts .rom
press reports Of Mr.. l!arvcy'S ad-
dress ut the dinner recently given
in London in honor Of \. J. Balfolr-,
one OF the British delegates to the
arms conference, and also referred
to- remarks made by The ambassador
reference to the motives which
prompted The United States to enter
the war.
Contending that various state
'mcnts Of Mr.. Harvey reflect dis
credit upon the aims and ideals Of
the spirit that actuatcs the citizens
Of the United Saes," and constitutes
IAN attempt to cast aspersions upon
the patriotism and ideals of the
American citizens" Mr.. Ryan as
serted that the attitude" of the
American ambassador has "at all
times shown him to be a proponcnt
Of EnS!ard'; @::I,S and ambitions
rather i!:?n t'N..; Of the coun!ry he
is supposed 10 ::'::rrScrt."
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
WORK OF THE RED CROSS.

The American Red Gross spent
:0,792, 900 last year in assisting
world war disabld veterans, John
Barton Payne, national chairman OF
that organization recently announc-
cd. OF the total sum S7,00O,O 900 was
distributed by local chapters and
ti'c remainder directed by the ma
tional body. The principal service
rendered was in putting the dis
abled in effective relation with the
proper government agency in order
to help obtain aid to which they
were entitled from the federal gov
crnment under the then existing
laws.
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1922-03-03
SHOOK CHICAGO.

declaration thai Tie dynamite
explosion which rocked Chicago
and suburbs, Friday night Of last
week was The result CT criminal
act was made by r. NJ PERFORMER,
assistant fire marshal. The cxpIos-
ion occurred at the Consumers Com
pany'S McCoOk query near Argo,
a suburb. The damage caused was
estimated at about II .UOD, 900. +. w.
Grcar, resident engineer OF the quar-
~, and l.. p. Stewart, master me
chanic, declared their belief that
$hovcllcrS who had failed 20 obtain
employment were responsible for
Inc explosion.