The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-06-20
HUGHES DEFENDS
POLICIES OF u. S.
IN ARMY PARLEY
uslls Graduates at Michi-
ran There Must Be Sc
crecy to a Degree
rvpi hlNc. sSjTjjATI0N'
FMl AIMS, SITUATION
Sole Power Of Negotiations
Invested in President--Sen-
ate Only Can Ratify
IS MADE DOCTOR OF LAW
Honorary Degree Conferred
,on Secretary Of State and
Michigan's Governor

-
ANN ARDOR, Mich. June 10
The honorary degree OF doctor Of
laws was bestowed upon Secretary of
state Charles Evans Hughes and
Governor Alex ]. Groesbeck OF Mich
igan at the S7th commencement of
the University oi Michigan today.
Eight other degrees were conferred
on men prominent in the arts, letters
ana law
Secretary Hughes delivered the
commencement address.
Defends Farley Policy.
Asserting the old European diplo-
macy of intrigue was discredited by
the World war. Hughes insisted n
certain amount OF secrecy and re-
serve Is necessary, even In the open
diplomacy" OF America. Premature
,discussion, In the press or public
forums. he declared, may prevent
the accomplishment of the most en-
lightened aims. giving opportunity
for the insidous efforts OF selfish in
terests as well as favoring opposi-
ton abroad.
The diplomacy OF the, United
States should be responsive to en-
lightened public opinion, Hughes
said, and since public opinion is de-
veloped by consideration OF the
facts, there should be every possible
facility for presenting the true situa-
ton TO the people at tho proper
time,
The secretary OF state and mem
bers OF his department should be
free 20 appear before the senate to
explain or defend his foreign policy.
and to have an opportunity of meet
ing any exigency which might arise
in the course of debate over an inn
portant treaty. Hughes said.
Summarizing the foreign policy OF
the United States as he conceives 1t,
the secretary OF state continued:
Our Security at Home.
Our ultimate security and the
assurance of our progress will not be
found In the constitutions or status
or treaties or conferences, import
ant as these may be, but in the self
respect that will not permit abase-
ment, in the national pride and self
interest that will not tolerate inter-
ference with independence; IN the
spirit OF helpfulness which seeks nc
alliances but honorable co-opera-
tlon in the love of justice which will
not abuse of power and which scorn,
the insistence upon the processes OF
reason by which alone we can avoic
the mistakes OF prejudice; in the
sympathy with the weak apd op'
pressed; in the dominant sentiment
OF human brotherhood through
which we shall be able TO reconcil,
our national aspirations with tn,
iull performance of our duty tt
humanity"
Pointing out thst the constitution
gives the executive the full power
OF conducting foreign relations, ex
cept that the senate Is especially au
thorlzed to ratify treaties. Hughes
said he was not In favor of any
change in distribution of powel
which would encourage the notion
that the executive IL responsible Il
I the legislative branch in matter
which under the constitution are ex
, clusively of executive concern. IL
also would deplore, he said, an.
method so contrived as to facilitate
antagonism between the executiv,
department and legislative leader
or which would merely provide. op
portunities for the censorious.
The Measure OF ReIcence.
TIE mana cement Of negotiation
win foreign powers has its essen
u:! conditions, Hughes said, whtcl
sela'e 81 to the interest OF one
q honorable intercourse betwee,
states; and, ca to the maintenanc
OF International good will.
Ihese conditions, he pointed ou'
impose a measure OF reticence in tn
course OF negotiations, with whic
Ihe most high minded negotiator
cannot afford TO dispense"
II The people and government
concerned were In complete accorC
J mere would be no need for nego
uatlons, the secretary pointed ou
ana when they are not in accorC
Is idle TO suppose negotiation
can be conducted without "pruder
reservations" on each side.
while 1t Is assumed that demoC
Iacles are peace loving" he contir
ued, IT cannot be forgotten that tn
activities of democracies make
uHtlcult to arrive at good under
Standing. At least we may apprt
eate the fact that peoples cannC
ueal directly with peoples that ther
must be agents OF negotiations. tht
mere must be reasonable amour
vi freedom TO enable them 10 secu
results. They cannot adequately pei
toEm their task under fire of crit
tsln or successfully conduct negC
uatons which are practically take
olt OF their hands and directed by
chmorous public"
But He Fayors Publicity.
>, "I'h all these consideration
hughes said, it remains true thu
mere should be no secrecy for (
TTSn sake; that there should be pul
ne announcement OF all proceedini
!" ne extent consistent with the e
aehual requirements OF negotiation
eAa mat nothing should ever
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