davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-05-27
HUERTA IS STRICKEN
WITH APPENDICITIS
tBy Associated Press

Ell PASO. TEXAS. May 26.-Adolf-
so La Huerta. Secretary OF Finance OF
Mexico. arrived here late today on
his way to New York. so i'll with ap-
pendicitis that friends were prohibit
ed from entering his private car.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-05-27
JAPAN TO DEFAULT IN
DAVIS CUP MATCHES
[Ry ASSOCIATED prcss.l

TOKYO. May 26.-Japan has de
cidcd 10 default in the Davis Cur
tennis matches. the worlds Premier
tennis trophy. 1t was announced to-
DAY. as kumagae. member of ia
pans team which played In the
finals last year. will be unable to par
ticipate. The finals OF this years
tournament will be held Mt Forest
Hills. y. Y. early in September.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
1000 MINNES0TANS
JOIN GRAIN GROWERS
Community Meetings of Members Call
ed To Prepare For National
Convention

More than 1000 Minnesota farmers
had joined the u. S. Grain Growers,
Inc, on Jan. II, when books of the
corporation were closed in prepara-
ton for local and congressional dis
trict meetings of members and for the
national convention.
All members in each community or
elevator unit will meet on Feb. Z to
elect a delegate to their congressional
district meeting. These district meet
ings will be held at Hallock ON Feb.
20, at Sleepy Eye on Feb. % and at
Marshall on Feb. %, and will name
delegates to attend the annual nation
al convention of the U. s. Grain Grow
ers in Chicago, March p. Delegates
from Annandale, Wright county, will
attend the Sleepy Eye meeting.
The patronage dividend plan of the
organization will be retained at all
costs, officers said today. A decision
Of the national board Of directors last
week to open sales agencies in time to
handle the 1922 crop, and authorizing
steps to obtain seats on grain ex-
changes "where necessary and advis.
able," had been interpreted in. some
quarters to mean that the patronage
dividend idea had been discarded, they
said.
The Farmers Elevator and Milling
company at Marshall, Lyon county
which handled 415,000 bushels of grain
last year, has signed a contract will
the Grain Growers, it was announced
this week.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
COURSE DRAWS 1000
FARMERS, HOMEMAKERS

. + - n .
Although the total enrolment for
the eighth annual Farmers and Home
makers Short Course at University
Farm, Jan. 2 to z, was 1,556, DR.. "A.
". Strom, director, and other Univer-
sity Farm officials assert that more
than 1000 persons were in attendance
during the week. All persons regis
tered were given badges. Many Of the
attendants had none. The 1922 en-
srollnent, a large increase over last
year, has been exceeded only on one
previous yeaf, but the actual attend
ance for the present short course was
probably the largest in history. High
praise, given for the course BY large
number of those attending, indicate
that twas the most successful Farm
5ers' and Homemak ers Week held at
sUniyersity Farm. 81.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
ST0CKYARDS FIGHT
TAKEN TO HARDING
Minnesota Farmers Go To Capital
To Ask Cooperation In
Regulating Market -

Minnesota farm organizations have
carried their fight for effective stock
yards regulation straight to President
Harding.
Charles B. Crandall, president of
the Central Cooperative Commission
association, and J. F. Reed, president
of the Minnesota Farm Bureau feder-
alton, went to Washington to urge CO.
operation Of the federal government
with the state of Minnesota in super
wishing the South St. Paul stockyards.
AS interpreted by the United States
department of agriculture, the new
federal stOckyards control act would
prevent the state from continuing it's
present public weighing Of livestock,
and virtually abolishing all state reg
ulatiOn L. ...-ss, s.sS.si. :ss
The federal act is much less drastic
than the present state law. Represen-
tatives Of the farm bureau, the cen
trail cooperative association, the Min
nesota Livestock Breeders association
and the Minnesota Livestock Ship
pers association have united in an APP
peal to the federal government to per-
NIT the state to continue it's weigh
ing service. They contend that the
fees charged for weighing are more
than repaid in the prot ection and serv-
ice furnished the farmers by state reg
ulation, and that the livestock ship
.pers would have to pay the entire cost
of private weighing indirectly if state
control ends. I: n
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
LIVESTOCK AGENCY
VOTES Is PERCENT i.
DIVIDEND, $4,000
Farmers Central Association to Give
Back Fourth of All Commissions
Received
(By Farm Bureau News Seryice)

tBy Farm Bureau News Service)
The centralized livestock marketing
agency established six months ago by
minnesota farmers have announced q
10 percent patronage dividend amount
ing to more than all the money paid
into it's treasury by its member as
rotations. 1t also announced an eight
per cent stock dividend.
The issuing Of the dividend, officers
said, means that the Central Co-opera-
tive commission association has hand
led the largest volume Of business on
the South st. Paul livestock market
at one-half the cost of marketing thru
homeopathic agencies.
The total dividend to be paid by
the association on business done from
Aug. s to Dec. 81, 1921, amounts to
$40, 124.22
Its total receipts in commissions
amount to only $73,36O.S5, according
to state auditors. The payment of
the dividend constitutes return to
the farmers Of one-fourth Of all the
money they have paid to their central
selling organization for handling their
livestock. The actual saving to farm
ors is twice the amount Of the divi-
dend, officers said, because the farmers
association has handled the farmers
livestock at commission rates approx
imately 25 per cent lower than the
prevailing charges.
After paying the dividend and all
expenses, the marketing agency will
have surplus Of several thousand
dollars. The dividend amount to
$3.50 more than the total paid in to
the capital of the association.
Records of the state railroad and
warehouse commission show that from
Aug. 8 to Dec. 81, 1921, the farmers
agency handled 4,424 cars of stock.
No other firm on the market handled
rs large volume Of business in the
whole II months of 1921.
The same records show that in it's
Arst/fi five months Of operation, the cen
trail agency handled 1915 cattle: 49,
$50 calves, 193,S45 hogs and sc, 9O2
sheep. The total business for the five
months amounted to 295,912 head >of
livestock, with a gross value Of more
than $5,OOO,0OO.
The directors of the farmers cen
trail cooperative livestock agency also
announced today that j. S. Montgom-
cry has been selected to succeed w.
A. McKerrow as general manager. Mr..
Montgomery was closely associated
with Mr.. McKerrow until his death,
having served with him in livestock
extension work for years, and as field
representative and assistant in the or
ganization and operation of the Cen.
trail Cooperative Commission associa.
Non.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
.BLANDINC BACK ON
JOB FEELING FINE
Says Tanlac Relieved His Rheumatism
After Everything Else Had
Failed /5

Thanks to Tanlac, I'm on the job
now every day and feeling just fne,''
said Emmett Blanding, GA Third St.,
n. w. Minot, N. D. E
J ''For two years I had rheumatism
in my shoulder so bad that I couldn't
sleep on my side. 1 also suffered with
it in my knees SO finally had to
knock off from work. When I began
taking Tanlac was almost desperate,
but am like different man now.
Although at times I have an occa-
sional twinge in my shoulder it does
MT bother me enough to interfere with
my work or keep me from sleeping.
II am sleeping better than in many
years, have a fine appetite and am
never bothered bit with indigestion.
When it comes to fixing man up
right Tanlac has them all beat 1t
did the work for me after everything
else had failed to help me at ALL
Tanlac is sold by leading druggists
everywhere.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
North Of w arren

.s The George Palmer family, Miss
Myrtle Dean, Jalmer Peterson and Er-
nest Mccartney were guests at the
home sof Mr.. and Mrs. Lonnie Palmer
Thursday evening.
Earl Micheal and sister Lillian were
entertained at the Fred Diedrick home
Sunday. a
Il Grace, the little daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Carl Anderson, has been ill
the past week with tonsilitis, but at
this writing is much improved.
Laurence FOrsberg returned to his
home in Viking recently after an ex-
tended stay at the home Of his sister,
Mrs. Charlie Anderson -
Frank Nyilks, who is staying at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. George Palmer,
is on the sick list. -
DR.. Carl Wallgren and Byron Lund-
quist of Warren enjoyed a hike to- the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Aug. Anderson
Sunday afternoon.
Miss Myrtle Dean returned to he1
home at Radium Saturday after q
visit with her uncle and aunt, Mr.. and
Mrs. Geo. Palmer and children.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. D. Vansickle and
children motored west of\Euclid Sun
day, where they visited with the
daughter and sister, Mrs. Erland
Nichols and husband.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ole Kvalle, daughters
Stella and Emma, son Carl and little
grand daughter Glarys Nichols, Fred
Horgen and the Messrs. Garfield, Hav.
lock and Abner Nichols were enter.
tanned to dinner Sunday evening al
the John Whitman home.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
W. A. McKERR0W IS
STRICKEN SUDDENLY
Manager Central Commission COmpany
And Widely Known Farm !,
Leader Dead

W.. "A. MckerrOW, manager of the
Central Cooperative Commission asso-
citation and one Of the best known
farm leaders in Minnesota died sud-
denly in St. Paul January 5. He was
ill but four days.
Though only 80 years old, Mr.. Nc
Kerr0w for years has been recognized
as one of the Northwest's most capable
and energetic proponents of co-opera-
tive marketing and the better live
stock movement. AS director of the
live stock extension division of the
Minnesota Agricultural college, he be-
came widely known as public speak
er of unusual ability, for his leader
ship in promoting the Junior Live
Stock Show and more recently, the
organization and successful operation
Of the farmers commission company
at South st. Paul, to manage which
he resigned his post at the college six
months ago.
Mr.. McKerrow's work was distin.
suished because of the practical
money saving manner in which he ap.
preached the farmers problems. The
Central Live Stock Commission com.
pany already has saved it's patrons
thousands Of dollars since it opened
for business August 8. His death, in:
directly, was due to his refusal, even
in the face of a nervous breakdown
to give up 15-hour days in his effort
to make the association realize his
ideal as q worthwhile, profitable in
stitution.
Mr.. McKerrow was the eldest son OF
Mr.. and Mrs. George McKerrow, Pc
waukee, Wis. His father is president
of the Farm Bureau Federation il
that state.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
STRANDQUIST.

COnfirmati ton was conducted at the
Swedish Mission house last Sunday
by Rev. Lundell of Thief River Falls,
the young people who were confirmed
were Leo and Elvira Ranstrom, Irene
Sjodin and Lilly Bergstrom.
Miss Edla Bergen departed for Min
neapolis on Sunday evening.
Miss Hilma Bergstrom after enjoy
ing few weeks vacation at home, re-
turned to Warren Sunday
Carl Brekke and son, from Clark
field, Mimi, came up here last week
and while here invested in farms in
East Park. They left on Monday eve
ming for Clarkfeld. Mimi, but will
return in the spring.
J. Lofstrom, from Kinnistino, Sask..
arrived here to visit with relatives.
Misses Minnie and Nellie Lausness
spent Monday at Thief River Falls.
Mr.. and Mrs. Axel Bystrom, from
Minneapolis, is visiting at G. J. Carl,
sons.
" Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert
Swanson on Monday last, girl.
Mrs. Anna Erickson and son Edwin
went to Strathcona on Tuesday.
lngValQ hOKke spent sunday at MS
home in West Valley.
English Services at the English
Church Sunday forenoon at 10 O'Clock
on January 22nd. The English La.
dies Aid will meet at Mrs. VIM. Books
place on Saturday. All welcome
Miss Thea Bjorlokken, who has been
staying at H. Rood's for some time
went to Radium on Tuesday evening
10 pay real estate and personal
taxes in January we do not mind, we
are used to it, but to have to pay oui
license tax on our autoes in January
or pay heavy a fine, seems rather hare
knowing that We may not have thu
chance to use the cars for about
months, but our state laws says W.
must do it this month, so get you
application ready for your new Ii
cense in time to avoid penalty,
Emanuel Nilsson was in town o.
Tuesday evening. Wonder if til
homeward trip did not seem twice a
far as when coming to town.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18

Find market for your products by
in the Sheaf want ads.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
RURAL. ACTIVITIES AND NEWS
OF INTEREST TO THE FARMER
FARM BUREAU CALLS
FOR MACHINERY CUT
Lower Prices Are. Public Necessity,
Farmer Delegation Tells
Board of Control .f

Prices of farm machinery manu-
featured at the state penitentiary must
be drastically reduced, representatives
of the Minnesota Farm Bureau fedora
ton told the state board of control at
conference last week.
The demand for reductions in farm
machinery prices was one Of the first
acts Of the new farm bureau admin
istration. The delegation representing
the farmers was headed by J. F. Reed,
new president Of the state federation,
and included F. E. hammers, vice
president, and J. J. Jacobson, George
Freeman, Thomas E. eastman and ].
d. Pyle, directors.
The farmers dollar is worth only
81 cents in comparison with the price
Of products he has to buy, the farm
bureau representatives said. Prosper
ity cannot be restored until the cost
of machinery and other commodities
the farmer must purchase is brought
down somewhere near the value of
the things he has to sell, they de-
clared. The penitentiary, public in
stitution serving the whole state, is
now supported entirely by the farm
ers, Mr. Reed said He argued that
machinery prices should be cut and
all citizens, if necessary, share the ex-
pense of maintaining the prison. The
machinery plant was established orig
inally to compete with private manu-
facturers and compel them to charge
reasonable prices, the farmers pointed
out. A drastic price cut. is necessary,
they said, to make the prison machin-
cry plant real competitor with priv
ate firms and carry out the intent of
tho law
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
Catarrhal Deafness cannot Be Cured

by local applications as they cannot reach
the diseased portion Of the ear. ThereNis
only one way to cure Catarrhal Deafness,
and that is by q constitutional remedy.
HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE acts
through the Blood on the Mucous Surfaces
Of the System: Catarrhal Deafness is
caused by an inflamed condition Of the
When this tube Is inhemed you have q
rumbling sound or imperfect hearing, and
when it is entirely closed, Deafness is the
duced and this tube restored to its nor-
NAL condition. hearing may be destroyed
forever. Many cases of Deafness are
caused by Catarrh. which is an inflamed
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for any
case Of Catarrhal Deafness that cannot
be cured by HALLS CATARRH
NEDICINE. E@s i u. ~. b L #
All Druggists, TIC. Circulars free. Ei.
=: J. Cheney s. Co., Toledo, Ohio.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
Worth G orlsid ring \

The question is not so much how
you contract cold, but how to get
rid Of it with the least loss Of time
and inconvenience. II you will con-
slider the experience Of others under
similar circumsta who have been
most successful in checking their colds
in their beginning, you will secure Z
bottle Of Chamber lain's Cough Remedy
without delay, and use &c faithfully.
There are many families who have
used this preparation succ ffully for
years and hold it 81 high estee1 H
40 excellent. Sssss
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18

Now is the time to- prepare for the
long winter evenings by subscribing for
a number Of good magazines. Ask for
our catalog Of magazines and special
prices.-Warren Sheaf Magazine Sub
scription Department.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1922-01-18
Mrs. Bowen Tells How Rats Almost
Burned Her House Down.

For two months l never went in
our cellar, fearing a rat. One night
in bed I smelled fire. Sure enough
the rat had been nibbling at the
matches. If I hadn't acted promptly
my house would have been burned.
Later we found the dead rat. RAT
SNAP killed it. It's great stuff. "
Three sizes, 35c, Csc, $1.25. Sold and
guaranteed by the Peoples Trading Co.
and the Warren Pharmacy.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-01-22
ROANOKE COLLEGE
ANNOUNCES DEBATES

Especial to The Times Dispatch
SALEM. VA. Jan. 2i.-Thc Debate
Council OF Roanoke College an
pounccs two dual intercollegiate de.
bates to he held during the second
semester 81 the season. The first IS
to be with lIampdcn- sidney. F"hru-
ary 30. and the second with Mary
Vile College. March 10.
owing I" TIE closcncss Of time tho
Debate Council. with the assistance
of the president OF the college. has
selected TIA" men to represent the
college In these debates Ten de
baters and two altcruatcs hav. been
selected. The subjects and teams are
as follows: Hampdcn Sidney debate.
Affirmative. at salem: &. H. Monsecs.
Jr.. ANA George Stcliics. Jr.; negative.
st iinmpden- Sidney. IL. Il. Deal and
:. j. Thompson. The subject is. Re
solved. That all Pacific differences
..hould BE left to the Horsepower
treaty between the United states.
Great Britain. Franco and Japan"
MaryvilIc debate. negative. at
salem; G. W Seller, :. y. Mauncy,
ana Il y. Iicfn.r: affirmative. at
Maryvillc. T. II. Whitcscarvcr y. =.
Coleman and j. W. ID. Deeds. The
subject is, "Hcsolvcd. That the open
shop is the best solution to the pres
cnt capital-labor problem" Alter
mates. q. r. Hester. X. &. Grove. J.
NJ Orndorn and Charles BruEIcman.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-01-22
URIC BOOK FEATURE ATTRAC77ONSFO FOR WEEK
- -

Gently In Portland. Ore. the editor
OF the Orcgonian. discussing the pop.
ularity OF the great American band .
master and the reasons therefor
wrote: THE tremendous success OF
Sousa as musician Is not far 4,
seek. More than any other comDose-
and wholly without pandering q,
cheapncss. he expresses the popular
tastes
Statistics supplied by Harry AS
kin. Sousa'S business manager. whn
passed through Richmond /. few duy.,
ago. Havana bound. show tina, SOU
So and his band attracted the largest
audiences in the Pacific Coast citic.
that ever patroniZcd Il musical or
Eanization. Records for attcndnuca
were broken in San Francisco. I.os
Angeles. Fresno. Stock ton. Oakland
and Sandicgo. No o.hcr impress,
rio has ever before vciturcd To enter
Cuba with AN Organization, thcairic.l
or musical, half the size OF Sousa'
hand
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-01-22
LEO CARRILLO WILL RETURN
HERE IN "LOMBARDI LTD"
All Local Thcatergoters Who Did No, See This Fun and
Romance Comedy on lis First Presentation at
Academy Will Have Another Chance

h"inr"inr to This city -, tho Aca
ce'nN Thursday Friday ana SATURDAY
AMI saturday matinee. In "l.orbarii
IL" 'h' famous speed fun and ro.
nance eom"dy production. Leo car
rtl" win make his second appear
"ii'' H'r' ." ono season hy reason ii
-"r"us lopUiar demand for his re-
turn ~ This time. Instituted Is som"
"i ~" leading spirits among our local
itra;'rEoers Wlp are pers1 ually
aatsr. sling thems Ives in IL movement,
= accord Mr Carr.llo welcome on
his requested return mat viii be fully
..t. mems lratc with tn. interest his
: .fa.-rNaA.e Performance. aroused
".en De- played here in LOMBARD
Ia as; october
A.l -oa! rhenterRoers who did no,
- wera unable 20 TAX. advantage ot
'.-tr opportunity 20 SEQ This perform :
araa an us first presentation, are
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-01-22
SOUsA WILL COME TO
RICHMOND ON MARCH q
+ a nous Bandmaslcr Will
Bring 100 Musicians to
City Auditorium.
Statistics Show Great Imprcssnrio'n
Organization Attracted Grcntc.t
Crowds OF Any Musical Itody Tint
Has Ever Drrn to Pacific Con<t.

Bound for Havana, Cuba. Licutcn-
ant-commandcr John Philip Sousa
and his band OF 100 Observation-Disclosures.
are now speeding across the CONT
nent from the Pacific Coast The
march king and his big musical or
Hanization viii come To Richm,n:,
after the Cuban tour. which opens at
inc Tcatro Rationale Havana. Feb
ruary G.
Sousn Will give two concerts In
Richmond Saturday. March 4. matt
nee and evening. The famous hand
master who organized the largest band
IN IN. world when az musical dircc-
tor Of the United States Army ~ the
Great Lakes Training Station dur
!nE the world war. he assembled 600
musicians. has become national I'm :
stitution.
When S"usa and his band played re-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-01-22
MUSICAL COMEDY STARS
WILL APPEAR At LYRIC
No Lack of Novelty in Each of
Two Shows Coming
This Week.
DANCING is TO NE FEATURED
"Binck md White" VIII Contribute
Spectacular Feature Dainty
Singers and Demonstrations of
skill rs lIiEh-Spccd Gymnasts.

There * abundant comedy and no
lack of novelty in each OF tho two
shows announced for the week COM
mencing with tie REGULAR Monday
matinee at the Lyric. Manager Rex
has been cSpcciaily fortunate in
securing several attractions recently
produced for the metropolitan cities
from which they Hr" routed direct
into Virginia.
William u. Fr.jdlander VIII pre-
sent on the opening hill Edward
Hume and his company in the tabloid
musical farce. "Oh. Hector" the
piece was written by VIII NJ. HouCh,
tho author OF The Modern Cindcr-
ella The Naughty Princess. 'rh"
Night Clerk" and other nlusica!
comedy successes. II Is presented
with special scenery and an ciab"r
ate wardrobe. Edward Hume. former
musical comedy star, heads the act
ing cast.
On this bill will he Lord and Tul-
Ter. an eccentric comedian and
clever singing and dancing comodi-
emo. who have i real variety skit,
entitled bits Of This ana That"
tumble o: fun. melody ana dancing
Frank Ward. novelty singing
funstcr. promises a zone man revue
versatility as an entertainer.
"a Triangle of Songlamd" is illus
traicd by Cook and Oakland. who
Offer vocal and instrumental di-
versions, an original creation
Rounding out the diversified show
come two pretty ana dnshing gir!!es.
billed as BLACK and White" who
contribute spectacular feature.
They begin their entertainment a.
dainty singers and close with aston
ishlpr demonstrations of their
agility. skin and endurance as high
speed gymnasts
The Latter half OF the week VIII
bring Harry Hayden and his COM
lany Of four comedy players in tn"
sprirhly onc-act comedy. The Love
Game" Hayden is Il popular
comedian, who recently transferred
his talon to til" variety stage. His
last uo,ahl, dramatic appoarnnc" was
with David Bclasco's production OF
"I'h" l;uom,iHng.'
other FEATURES OF this bill iuclud"
Mir. and Mrs stuart barrow whp
give an exhibition Of shadowgraphy
ana sand painting, arts ia which in"A
Az. said Ia have no equals. TN"
li.u-y sisters. following them on -"
bin. gr- two gomcIy ana talented
@ir1s. ,uv OF whom plays thu piano
aad til, c'ner The harp. Eoth have
.uoi> .!ac ~ voices.
Tho Mcrargn Comedy -Four. Jolly
suEsr- comedians. hav. an act ut 'A"
flr. always popular N"r.. and clos
ing ;Ae snow wl!i he " eEae ana
,'l---. gc,lue wonders from ,nr
t.ar.raan circus arena
Ne1 entertaining rupicn-p.c,ure
-.,vhsn:'s accompany zach 81: the
taga@r.li. >nOWs.