davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04

WANTED - Woman or girl for homework. Phone Al, between & A. M. and P. M.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04

YOU CAN RENT that house to a good tenant through the classified perhaps at once! Try the Empire.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04
NOTICE MOOSE.

Owing to the death of Brother Ward the social which was to be oiven Saturday night. Aug. }, will be postponed indefinitely. adv
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04

Headquarters for Ladysmith coal Juneau Transfer Co. Phone AS. adv.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04
Tides Tomorrow

Old papers for sale at Empire
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04
WANTED

WANTED - Woman teacher for private tutoring. Inquire Empire, C1414.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04
THE COAL STRIKE

MAIL BOAT FOR PETERSBURG AND WAY PORTS "cANTA pITA Taku Harbor Snetisham, Speel River Sum- -1'ifA 'N.iA dum, Windham Bay Gambler Bay, Pybus Bay Brother Island Five Finger Station day at returning Friday morning Freight received until P M Mondays at City Wharf H. 0. Adams ticket agent, City Wharf Phones Office 23; res. 4O44.
 HAMPSTEAD TRANSPORTATION CO.,
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04

Empire printing stands the test
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04
FOR REET

FOR RENT = Modern 4-roon furnished fiat, close in. Phone l305
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04

FOR RENT-4-room and 5-rOOn furnished apartments. 421 F East 7th St. Phone 2004.
The Alaska daily empire., 1922-08-04

FOR Four-room furnished cottage. 403 Franklin St.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11

to catch the flame. Perhaps the
scholars who studied the scrolls had
allowed their minds 10 be-
come so booli-fad and rutted in an
Gent learning with the science and
writings of the dead scholars "a Il
PHILOSOPHERS, that their cwn minis
and beautiful ideas were not given
the needed expression. So, when the
library was burned, they might have
been set free from the teachings Of
others and allowed to express and
find their own individual idea and
thus start new PHILOSOPHERS ard fresh
science.
We may hope that some day, cur
library in the city of Alexandria viii
be almost as large as the one in
Egypt But let US also hope it may
rot end its career in the same fatal
way. If we might only get q fine
library. we know our splendid fire
DEPARTMENT will keep it safe.
king Lear"
Miss Esther Moore.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11
DESTRUCTION OF ALEXANDRIA
LIBRARY

Although the ancient Orient has
founded manv royal libraries, the eff
forts Of the kings were far surpassed
by the Ptolemies in Alexandria,
Egypt.
The Alexandria library was with
out doubt the most important and
celebrated of the ancient world. Dur
ing the reign of the Ptolemies of
Egypt the library was at its heighth.
Ptolemy the I, surnamed Ptolemy So
ter, under the suggestion of Demetrus
Phalereus, who had praised the Athe-
MAN libraries started collecting cele-
brated books; but it was during the
reign of his son that the library was
really organized. Ptolemy Philadel-
phus sent into every part of Greece
and Asia for famous books. He also
had works taken from the Hebrew,
Chaldean. Persian, Greek. Roman and
Egyptian languages. Demetrus Phal-
ereus was made superintendent OF the
library. No exertion or expense was
spared to enrich the collections.
Ptolemy Philadelphus prepared two
catalogues, one of the tragedies, the
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11
THE BURNING OF THE LIBRARY
At ALEXANDRIA

Tho buildin" was very large ana
very beautifully constructed. it hal
many volumes or rolls of printed
matter in i. They We're instructive
to the peonle of Alexandria as we'll
as intnrestinr. This goat library
was founded BIZ the first Of the
Ptnlemies, and was afterward foster
pd bv his son. It grew and soon 1t
had become a library containing over
seven hundred thousand volumes or
rolls Of interesting and inspiring
printed matter D"metrious Phalerus
had fifty thousand volumes or rolls
under his care During IFS most
flourishing period, under the direc>
ton of some great men. Zenodntus,
Aristarchus. of Bvsantium. Collima-
chrs. .ADpollonus Rhadius. and some
o,ho~s It grow to contain over four
hundrnd AMI ninety thousand Volumes
or rolls. TIE mart OF the library
which contained the volumes that
embraced the literature Of Rome.
Greece, Egypt. and othor countries
Of the then known world. was con,
tanned in the famous Museum III the
quarter of Alexandria called the
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE AL
EXANDRIA LIBRARY IN
6i0 A ID.

A collection of books formed by
ftolemy the first, and his foster son,
Ptolemy the second, Of Egypt vas
probably largest collection OF
before the invention of print n;::.
This library grew quickly in the time
OF the first Ptolemy. The library
was founded at suggestion from
nemetrius Phalereus who was n fugi-
tive of the court of justice in Egypt.
ne praised the library very much.
Demetrlus Fhalereus was made the
t!rst superintendent of the library.
lie collected the literature of all M
ions principally Jewish, Chaldean.
Persian, Egyptian, Greek and Roma +.
Pha!ereus mad $4,000 volumes or
rolls under his care. At the time of
the death of Ptolemy Philahephus.
the library had as MANY as 100000
volumes. During its most flourish
ing period under the direction of
Ieno Aristarchus of Byzantium,
Callimachus and others. 1t is said
to have contained as many as 100000
volumes. According to another au-
thorlty it is said to have contained
as many as 100000 volumes inc!ud-
ng duplicates.
The greater part of this library
was contained in part of .Alexan-
dria which is called the Bouchcion
during the siege of Alexandria by
Julius Caesar, this part of the H.
brary was destroyed by fire in 800
A. d. 1t was afterwards replaced
by collection of Pargamus which
was presented to Cleopatra by Mark
Anthony. The other part of the IL
hrary was kept in the Seoapeum, the
temple of Jupiter Sarapis where it
remained until the time of Theodo-
sius, the great. Alexandria flourish
ed as one of the chef seats of liter
ature until it was conquered by the
Arabs in $40 A. D. When the great
Emperor, Theodosius,the great, per-
mitted all the heathern temples of
the Roman Empire to be destroyed,
the temple of Jupiter Sarapis was not
spared A mob of fanatic Christians
stormed an destroyed the temple.
They were led by the Archbishop
Theophilus. They took possession of
the great library treasure in 1914 d.
According to questionably anthem
ITCHY in consequence of the fanatic
decision of Caliph Omar, IF these
writings Of the Greeks agree with
the Books Of God, they are useless
and need not be preserved but if they
disagree with the Book of God they
ought to be destroyed. Accordingly,
it is said they were emptied to heat
1000 baths of the city in 39l A. d.
This great literary treasure was so
large that it took six months to con-
sumo the precious material. 1t was
at this time i'm 39l A. d. the destruc-
ton of the'ibrary was begun and not
in $40 A. d. when this great emperor
had its obstruction nearly completed.
This was done by Caliph Omar. After
Gao A. d., there is no doubt that the
library ceased to exist. After this
incident which occurred in 39l A. d.
the library was not open to the public
1t was attached to the museum in
which there was college. The
learned men of the college were the
only ones allowed to use the part Ii
brary that was not despoiied in SOL.
In GAO A. D. as stated above, the
library was completely destroyed.
Melvin Whitcstone
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11
Shakespeare Glass
Interesting Lecture For Y. M. {. A.
Ladies Auxiliary
ENTHUSIASTIC ATTENDANCE

Last night the second of the Shake
speare classes was held at the rooms
of the Chamber of Commerce. The
attendance was even larger than at
the first meeting, and the S. R. o.
sign greeted the overflow members
who came little late.
The lecture by Mr.. David Jones was
up to his previous high standard, and
displayed an astonishing familiarity
with the Elizabethan period in litera-
ture, the general European Renais-
sance. and the history of the time.
Several of the bright young ladies pro-
founded puzzling queries from time to
time, but the lecturer had ready
answer for each seeker after truth.
The euphuistic fad of the age was
we'll brought out, but might have been
exemplfed little more clearly by
reference to the dandy who brings the
challenge from the King in the Fifth
Act of Hamlet. and the responses to
whom by the Prince are one of the
prettiest pieces of irony in all litera-
ture. The Sir Piercie Shafton of
Walter Scott also illustrates this Curl
Gus literary eXcrescence of the life of
q people and with greater elaboration.
J We must dissent from Mr.. Jones's
idea, however, that you can get at
Shakespeare personal opinions from
the discourse Of any or all of his
characters. He has created world of
human beings. each of whom is as
true to the life as those created by
Nature. Shakespeares only revela-
ton Of himself appears in his incOm-
parable sonnets. There we find the
! vivid lightning -strokes of autobo-
graphv that give us glimpses of the
man. Even then they are mere flashes
, that make the ensuing darkness all
the backer and more impenetrable.
To call Shakespeare an aristocrat, for
instance, is, in our opinion, unpardon-
able AS also, to say that money, was
his main object in writing his plays.
Or to delineate him as one would q
canny Scotchman or shrewd YANKEE
bent on the amassing of this world
goods! However it is the difference OF
opinion that creates interest. we ven.
ture our remarks not in the way OF
criticism, but merely as matter OF
viewpoint. ,,,
These classes should be doubled or
trebled in attendance, large as tney
are. Mr.. Jones has shown hlmset
competent instructor, and we know OF
no more important undertaking IN lhe
annals of Alexandria.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11

Bruchium. This great library was
perhaps the greatest help to civillza-,
ton at that time that has ever beenj
known The remaining and smallerI
part of the library was contained mi
the Serapium, the Temple OF Jupiter;
Sarapis. There it stayed until theE
time of Theodosius, the Great.
The establishment Of this libraryE
may be considered very great bel
cause then they had no printing!
press and each copy had to be rel
copied again and again before theyt
were accepted. They had no bookSi
like we that wore out, as the rollsS
of paper or writing material OF tnat{
day were very durable.
Now comes the time to tell OF thes
trcrible calamity and destruction Off
this great library OF Alexandria,
Egypt, which was such q great helF
to the people of tina. city. First thee
part which was contained in the Mu-
scum was burned in the seige ots
Julius Caesar, but which was after-b
wards replaced. It's substitute was
presented to Cleopatra, the last o. d
the Ptolemies, by her most ardent
admirer, Mark Anthony. Later. al
mob of fanatic Christians, under thcs
command of Archbishop Theophilus h
ra!ded the library and destroyed it byH
fire. II
The second destruction of this h
great collection of volumes or rolls otss
interesting works, took place in 39l II
A. d. The entire destruction of thi 4
library which started at the time$
Of Caesars invasion was completely
in Gil A. d., as result Of the seigtsj
and capture of the city of Aexan u
dria by the Arabs. So this great Ii. II
brary of Alexandria, Egypt, me, u
with a terrible end, which meant I'D
very great loss to the people of the Il
city. who were in the habit Of going h
to the library as place of study. I
also improved the commerce Of tne
city largely since it brought man. d
students from all over the world u
Alexandria. 4
The story Of the burning of the Ii d
braTy of Alexandria has been handeGH
down to us and has had place irE
history. 1t has found a place in theH
great books such as the encyclope y
dias reference books that have helpe II
u: to study and get the knowledge B
Of the long past world. This storyE
has hecn the most read story of anyk
Of the stories Of the ancient times IS
Eleanor G. Wilton y
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11
Or ALEXANDRIA,
LIBRARY

Smetimes it seems that quick eye
may detect a hidden spark and thus
prevent a serious fire, which other
wise could not have been avoided.
But, as we have not often the quick
eve, what could we do without our
thrifty fire department and appa-
ratus? Probably if the ancient
Greeks then had the fire department.
which we have in our Alexandria
today, the fire in the AleXandrian
Library would soon have been killed
and we would have been left the
scrolls that took at least two orr
three lives to write.
This library, it is said. was found
ell at the suggestion of Dcm"trius
Phahreus, who, when a fugitive a
the Egyptian court. spoke with al
miration Of the Public Libraries Il
Athens. Demetrius was appointed
superintendent. and diligently en-
rloyed himself in the collection o
literature from all nations, Jewish
Chaldee, Persian, Ethiopian. Egypt
ian, Greek, and Roman. Under theI
rule of the Ptolemies men of science|
and learning were attracted to thcI
capital. Ptolemy Philadelphus wa:
the sovereign that properly ORGANIZER
and established the libraries in sep
arate buildings. He also sent into
many countries to secure the mos
valuable works, ard no eXertions no.
expense were spared in cnriching tho
collections. According to EssebriuS
there were 100000 volumes in thu
Library at the death of Ptolemy Phi!
adelphus; and subsequently, the mum
ber was increase to 100000. The
volumina" contained far less than q
printed book as for instance TN
Mctamorphoses of Ovid IN Is vol
umes would be considered as ID vol
umes. Fnergetes, the successor oil
Ptolemy Philadlphus, is said to have
caused all books brought into Egypt
by foreigners to be seized for tn
benefit of the Library while tn
owners were given copies in eX,
change. There were two libraries at
Alexandria, the larger, in the Bruch.
ium quarter, was in connection With
the museum. sort of academy, while
the smaller was placed in the Sera
poum.
W men caesar SCI liie ~ tiiS i'SS" ~
the harbor of Alexandria, during his
siege on that city, the flames acct
IDENTIFY extended TO the larger library
of the B.uchium, and it was destroy
ed.
Gibbon asserts that the old library
was totally consumed, and that the
collection from Pergamrs, which was
presented by Mark Anthony to the
alluring Cleopatra to repair the, loss
of the old library, was the founda ton
of the new one. This continued to
increase in size and reputation for
four centuries. until dispersed by
Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria.
at the destruction of the Serapeum,
A. D.. 500. Still the Peresmus con-
timed to flourish as one of the chief
seats Of literature until it was con,
quered by the Arabs in GAO.
A passing wind NAV have blown
the flame towards the building and
thus caused the first terrible calam-
ity, but it may have been an act OF
Providence that caused the building
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11

others OF the comedies. Together with
the noted librarians, Zenodotus, Arts
tarchus, Calllmachus, and Apollonius
Phodius, and others, he made the Ii
brary famous. Callimachus cata-
lopued all the known books Of value,
both by titles and authors and this
catalogue filled one hundred books or
sc,,;uus. AS the founder of library
management, ne introduced many i'm
provements. !.
At the death of Ptolemy II, there
were 100 coo books which were in-z
creased to 10000 during the reign Of
mis- successor, Ptolemy Energctes, who j
had valuable books taken from theirs
owners whether they were foreigners
or natives of Alexandria, and who hads
to be content with copies of theirs
works. Some books were so larges
that they were divided into sections.
Thus arose the division of the Homer
ic poems, the history Of Hcrodotus andS
other works into books. I
The immense amount Of hand copy-s
ing required to secure good editions of9
famous works for this library grad
ually create the new science of pub +
fishing correctly old and often madlyf
copied works. The copies produced by:
:he librarians and scholars Of A!exan-t
dria became standard editions on
which other ancient libraries and
copyists depended. So the He!lcnistic
world was everywhere supplied with
Alexandrian editions, and from these
are descended most Of the manuscrints
now presented in the Libraries Of Eu-
rope from which, in turn. have been
copied our printed editions Of Homer,
Xenophon and other great Greek au.s
thors. Unfortunately the library Of
Alexandria persisted and the earliest
example of Greek book which has
survived to US is roll which was
found in an Egyptian tomb by modern
exravators only a few wears ago .
During the seige of Caesar, part of
the library was burned when Mark
Anthony gave the rest to Cleopatra,
who had the library rcestablished and
Alexandria continued as the greatest
seat Of literature.
The Saracens in 640 A. D., while
conquering the city of Alexandria.
captured the library. The books were
used to heat 1000 baths of the city,
and as there were so many volumes,
it took months TO consume the fuel.
After this Alexandria ceased to be the
seat Of literature and the library was
no longer public institution. for the
wonderful library was finally COM
plotcly destroyed.
However, during its existence the
great library helped Alexandria in
many ways. 1t rot only made Alex.
andria the seat Of learning and s2hol
astic endeavors, but it brought a great
deal Of business to the city in the vast
number Of students and philosophers
which it Attracted to come and live
for awhile in the great city which COM
bncd the two great civilizations Of the
ancient world, the Greek and the
Egyptian. i
SARAH DEBTOR.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1922-02-11
DESTRUCTION OF THE LIBRA
" RY IN ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT,
IN $40 A.. D. ..-.-...~-

Let >us now go back FIVE hundred
years after the death of our Saviour,
and see how the people cared for
learning in that day.
The great Library of Alexandria,
Egypt was the most important and
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-12-16
CURB |NDUSTR|ALS
HOLD RECENT GAINS
Business Is on Moderate Scale.
Oil Group Quiet and
Unchanged

Now York. Dec. 16.---The market on
the Curb today was without special i'm
portance as, far as price movements are
concerned. A few Of the industrials
showed n firm tone and were traded in
on moderate scale, but without mov-
ing into new ground.
Durant Motors held close to ~ and
there was small amount Of business
in few other motor issues. Repetti
Candy, which was one of the strongest
features yesterday was In moderate
supply and yielded from 21a TO 2. New
York Telephone preferred wac firm at
112. Delaware, Lackawanna and West
ern Coal was traded in at 10 to 1O31a.
Continental Can, when issued. new
stock, sold at 42l4 to Aga.
The petroleum group was also quiet
and without special change, STANDARD
Oil of Indiana ranging from 1862 to
1853. and International Petroleum
sold at 20ai and 2O5s. Mammoth Oil
was steady, selling at 1855 TO 427s.
There were a few transactions in Ryan
Consolidated at A. and AS.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-12-16
PIX. SHARESSTRONG
IN LOCAL MARKET
Confidence OF tho Investors
Strengthened by the Pennsy
and v. G. |. Dividend Action

The Philadelphia Electric issues we're
the bright spots Of the local market.
The common advanced to 311s, while
the preferred eased of to 81. The
movement was influenced by the an
nouncement' Of the company's intention
to pay wage dividend to employees,
which was accepted rs further evidence
of the growing business of the COM
pany. This distribution becomes
charge only after provision has been
made for payment of the present = per
cent dividends on the stock and an
amount set aside as addition to sur
plus.
The movement in the general list wns
mixed with most Of the more active
stocks shading fractionally on small
dealings. L. G. l., just before tine
closing. declined over point to 501s.
The increasing Of the dividend rate
on the common stock Of the United
Gas Improvement Company from 4
week, coming closely on the heels Of
the restoration of the 9 per cent rate
by the Pennsylvania Railroad, did more
to restore confidence among Philadel-
phia investors in the securities of the
local corporations than any other
development since the reconstruction
movement started in the security mar
kets.
1t was recognized long before the
United Gas improvement directors made
their generous decision, which will help
to bring a Merry Christmas for its
legion Of stockholders, that the ques.
ton Of increasing the rate of distribu-
ton did not rest with earnings, but
rather one as to its possible effect on
the long drawn out controversy over
figures revealed the 9 per cent rate had
been fully earned, and in better inform
cd circles, belief prevails n restora-
ton Of the long established 3 per cent
rate will not be long delayed, regard
less of the lease question.
Conditions confronting the utility
corporations, which arose during the
war period. could not possibly been
forescen by any human agency. The
manner in which the affairs Of the
United Gas Improvement properties
were directed during these trying years
should strengthen confidence of the
shareholders in the management. II
such results as shown could be accom-
plished against so many increasing
odds, there is little question as to the
prosperity Of the company when mat =
ters generally are resting upon q nor
NAL equilibrium.
Not only were valuable lessons learn
ed during the war period, and the
unrest accompanying the post war
period, but the events and conditions
served to bring out the best side OF
corporate management, which is Ger =
tain to bring very substantial results
from stockholders viewpoint.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-12-16
Stock Dividend Rulino

s,ssR % % uhhsuns.s hs
ihs ioiloyin. dlyid.ns rTI,n,.s' ruling. s'.pdSrd oil
ANA AZ sri:s n III 'Is .s a'si
diyiasnd. psesmbsT es; Al!isnsss koflty; q
&Sorear. .VsG'"s sI "sv,a.nS psSembsr is: Atisntis
Hshnins, OK .toek divia:nd Dscenber POI
MA, dsns;sl RskinS, co%Drny. SS;Hr rsx stes!:
fsMpany ~ not % Ss Sustsd sx stssk div.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-12-16
1899 1899 Xscu" v. yr. oos, OF Z i?s$ iS9ss
FOREIGN BONDS
NEW YORK BANK STATEMENT
Excess Reserve Increased to $40,.
32o,o3o-Loans and De-
posits Expand

New York. Dec. 16. - The actual
condition of the Clearing House banks
and trust companies for the week shows
they hold $40, O,32O. .O3O in excess Of legal
requirements. This is an increase of
S17,173, ,G2O over last week. Loans and
discounts increased sos. s.425 900, and
the demand deposits increased S74.5H.
900. Offsetting the increased liabilities
was a gain Of S26,22 900 in reserve
credit at the Federal Reserve Bank.
Details follow: