The New York herald., 1922-03-12

possession Of wealth to an average
amount of about $4,000 per family
compared with about $10.550 in 1916.
They have in prospect an average
income of not to exceed st.400 per
annum and have let themselves be
led into habit of spending nearly
1000 per annum lin 1919, where
as in 1913 they had an average in
come of about s1.400 per annum and
spent an average OF only s1,150. An
individual family in such a position
as the present one would make up
its collective mind that it had to
cut down expenses anyhow and in
crease its income if 1t could. That
is just what the people as whole
are constrained to do"
Charles r. Aliens book, THE
Foreman and His Job takes up
one side Of the problem of increas-
ing production. Business men are
now realizing that morale is as i'm
portant in industry as in war. Busi-
mesa has become increasingly inper-
sonal The foreman Is the human
link in the chain. He interprets the
workers and the management to
each other. Mr.. Allen says: I'VE
must perfect processes but it must
be the foreman who secs that, they
are correctly carried out; we must
have first class men on the job. but
1t Is the foreman who must see that
the conditions arc such that these
men can do q first class job. We
must invent new types of equip
ment, but the foreman is the man
who must see that It is operated
effectively and not abused. We must
cut down turnover and save the cost
of continually changing our force,
and the foreman can do more than
any other one man to bring this
about. For all these reasons and
for many others the American fore
nan In the American plant can do
as much. If not more. than anybody
else to enable our industries to
make good under the new condi-
tons"
Mr.. Allen does more than tell
what should be done. He shows us
how TO accomplish the result. He
writes primarily for foremen. and
his book has suggestive questions
for conferences. He assumes that
the foreman knows the technical ele-
ments of his specific task. but it
deals with three of the most impor-
tant factors in production-supervi-
sion. cost control and instruction. 1t
gives the foreman points in his triple
role of supervisor, manager and in
structor. The book is written in the
language of the man of the street
and employs many Illustrations from
baseball Al d other sports. 1t is i'm
portant primarily for its exposition
of the analysis method. which is rev.
olutionizing industry and making it
more scientific. However. the chap
ters which deal with the problem
Of maintaining morale are contri-
button to the problems of the hu-
man element in industry.
".
In banking and Business" Profs.
II Parker Willis and George w. Ed
wards have produced a text book
which is not academic in its point
of view and will be of practical as
sistance to The banker. They have
treated banking from a new angle.
In the older studies Of political econ
omy the hank was considered in re-
lation to the theory of money. Banks
were considered as historic phe-
nomena, with little relation to the
part they maintained in assisting
production. These two professors
write for "those who are pursuing
their studies with a view to actual
business life." and SO in addition to
theory and principle they supply a
general outline of the actual methods
adopted by banks in the conduct of
their own operations and by exposi-
tions of their relationship to other
types of business. They have trietl
to show the business aspect Of the
bank as viewed from outside.
The bank is linked up with the
system of credit, and the authors