davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lubbock avalanche. (Lubbock, Tex.) 1909-1922, 1922-08-04

liVOO,84O, or 33 per cent.
For the seventeen years embraced
In these records Jones County is
shown as having produced more cot
ton than any Of the other counties
during that perod. In 1919 Jones
County produced 72,967 bales, put
ting il the second producing county
IN Texas for the year. The next
county in the group for that year
was Runnels with 50.656 bales.
Most Of the counties included in
this group are free from the boil
weevil, but there are several which
Of recent years have been infested
and the production has fallen of
considerably Il is noteworthy that
the advance Of the boil weevil has
been little north Of the Texas &
Pacific railroad and west Of the Wi
chita Valley railroad. This season
the Plains ad Panhandle country
have increased their cotton acreage
from 33 90 10000 per cent. The
condition Of the crop is said 20 be
very fair, but in many parts Of the
belt the need Of rain is beginning
i0 ne felt
With a vastly increased acreage and
prospects favorable for rain before
The crop has advanced too far, the
prospects for West Texas to be
leader IN cotton production are very
bright The fifty-seven counties
shown in the tables above were sell
ccted by the Fort Worth and Den
yer Railroad Company for compar-
ison purposes. A Encouragement Of
the table, eliminating some Of the
counties oppressed with the boil
weewl and the inclusion Of some
fthe Plains counties, might radi-
cally change the figures. especially
II this rearran0ement were made
next year after the present growing
crop was marketed.
The possibility Of the boil weevil
getting a foothold in all the terri
tory Of West Texas now growing
cotton is not far-fetched. The err
ronoous idea that this territory isl
immune from such insects because
of altitude. freedom Of timberlands
and other deterrents must be for
gotten and every cotton producer
must take means 20 prevent the in-
cursi0n Of the wceyil "An ounce
Of prevention is better than a pound
NJ cure should obtain, says the
research department Of the West
Texas Chamber Of Commerce
The Lubbock avalanche. (Lubbock, Tex.) 1909-1922, 1922-08-04
YOU WANT A HOME
and
VOL CAN HAVE 1T.

can make you a loan on the
easy Monthly payment Plan, for the
UNITED STATES SAVINGS BANK
OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN,
and also
can Make you a loan with small
annual payments, at only : l-2 per
cent Interest with good on or be.
fore option.
can save you from 5 per cent
to 10 per cent Of the amount Of the
loan during the life Of il over any.
thing that is being offered.
Come in and talk the matter over
whether you want to build now OF
in the future.
CLAUDE h. HURLBUT,
CITY, FARM AND RANCH LOANS
Citizens National Bank Building.
42-tf
The Lubbock avalanche. (Lubbock, Tex.) 1909-1922, 1922-08-04
RANGE CONDITIONS IN N. M.
ARE REPORTED AS o. X

Amarillo, July 31.-Range condi-
tions are good and the hay crop in
the Pecos Valley is heavy. with other
crops in general in good condition.
That is the report for New Mexico as
furnished by the local offices Of the
Rock Island Railway. In the PAN
handle proper. splendid rains have
benefited the row crops. Wheat has
turned out much better than was ex-
pected. The pecan crop is short.
Ranges generally are in excellent
condition.
The Lubbock avalanche. (Lubbock, Tex.) 1909-1922, 1922-08-04
JITNEY SERVICE TAKES
PLACE or RAILROAD

Rotan, July Sf.-As a result Of
the railroad strike which has prac-
tically stopped railway service be-
tween Stamford and Rotan on the
Katy road. a jitney line has sprung
up between Sweetwater and Rotan
which makes daily trips A freight
line has also been inaugurated be-
tween the same places Some re-
lief is now evident.
The Lubbock avalanche. (Lubbock, Tex.) 1909-1922, 1922-08-04
GILES WILL VOTE BONDS
FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES

Giles, July 31.-A bond election
has been called for August 10 in the
Giles independent schocs district. II
is proposed to vote $1,000 in bonds,
proceeds Of which will be used to
pay teachers salaries.
Evening star., 1922-03-28
TREASURY CERTIFICATES.
FOREIGNERS BUY BONDS.

NEW YORK. March 2S.-A factor in
the present bond market. Of no small
Importance. is the foreign buying
which has come in, particularly of
new issues. and investment bankers
say that they; frequently have re-
ceived orders from investors in half
q dozen countries on the better grade
of recent issues. Bankers express
the belief that the cause for this re-
entry Of foreign money into the
American market Is the fact that
America now presents the safest
place in the world In which to invest
The fact that recent new offerings in
London have been heavily oversub-
scribed leads to the conclusion that
some of this overflow may have
seeped into the American markets
So far as the stock market is con-
cerned, houses with international
connections say that a stock order
rarely comes from abroad these days,
and that most of the buying appears
to be of the strictest investment sort
Evening star., 1922-03-28
cANADA's PAPER EXPORTS,

MONTREAL, March 2s. -Canada's s
exports of pulp and paper for Febru-
ary were valued at $s,049.20s. COM
p&Fed with $s.s31,4s8 in January and
Ss.sss,s15 in FEBRUARY. 1921. News
print exports were 70,729 tons, COM
pared with 67,701 in January and Sc
s35 in February. 1921. February pulp
exports amounted to 1859 tons. val
006 tons. valued at $3,454,015. in Jam
uary and 1888 tons, valued at $1,628,-
97s. in February. 1921. Pulp wood
exports showed total of sS,42S
ary and 1sS,oa7 in February, 1921.
The distribution of paper was: Te
the United Kingdom. a1s5,05e: United
States. $4.7s2,S42; other countries,
$s19,i33. and of wood pulp, to the
United Kingdom, 3ss,6s2; United
states: ss,s4o,sso; other countries,
Evening star., 1922-03-28
}. g. 0. DIVISIONS COMBINE.

NEW CASTLE. Pa. March as.-Con-
solidation of the New Castle and
Cleveland divisions of the Baltimore
and Ohio road, with division head
quarters at Akron. Ohio, is confirmed.
The change ia effective April /.
The consolidation will result in one
of the largest operating railroad divi-
sions Of the country. it is said, the
basis of-which is the main line from
the yards at Willard. Ohio. to those at
New Castle Junction. a distance of
147 miles. The division will have
1000 employees, .4e0 locomotives and
500 miles Of track. r..
Evening star., 1922-03-28
BETTER CANADIAN OUTLOOK.

MONTREAL. March 2s.-A more op-
timistic feeling is apparent in the re-
ports from all parts of Canada on bust
ness conditions, says the report of the
Royal Bank Of Canada. In the eastern
provinces, particularly. is this the case
A fairly large number Of manufacture
ers are experiencing a. slight revival in
business, tie impetus of which is ex-
tending. in some measure. to the whole
sale and to the retail trade. III the
west the movement Is not SO pronounced
The period is one of transition.
Evening star., 1922-03-28
HEN LAYS LARGE EGG.

LAUREL Del, March 2S.--A hen
belonging to Handy Culver. near Del
mar. recently laid an esg measuring
over nine inches in circumference
The egg was broken open and within
the large shell was another hard
shell egg covered with the albumen
of the larger egg. The small egg
was in perfect condition. The hen
died shortly after laying the massive
egg.
Evening star., 1922-03-28
BRITISH LOAN TO POLAND.

LONDON, March 23.-Qf the Polish
credit Tor 100000 just arranged in
London. it is stated that $1,000. 600
will be used for buying raw materials
in England. In connection with the
advance Of this credit 1t 10 stated
that Polish finances are making salts
factory progress. that taxes are COM
Ing in well and that the note circula-
autumn the rate for Polish exchange
on London was $1,000 marks per
pound sterling; 1t has since then
dropped to 1S,eoe. Negotiations are
proceeding satisfactorily for q loan
10 the Finland goyUrament
Evening star., 1922-03-28
Money to Loan

Secured by 6rat deed Of trust on real estate.
Prevailing interest and cemmissioa.
Joseph |. Weller ~ aHS wash mh md n Trust =
Evening star., 1922-03-28
BIG CROPS AND PROSPERITY.

CHICAGO, March 2S. - George E.
Marcy, head of the Armour Grain
Company, who is now in Los Angeles,
in an Interview there predicted bum
per crops, good markets and probably
the maintenance Of prices. The rule
has never failed that big grain crops
mean prosperity.
Evening star., 1922-03-28
BAR SILVER auorATIoNs.

NEW YORK, March IS - Foreign
bar silver, So: Mexican dollars, 4sX
LONDON, March Is. = Bar silver,
81 NC per ounce; money, 3A per cent
rates-Short bills, az per
cent: three months bills, 33-l6a3k
per cant.
Evening star., 1922-03-28
BOND AND CURB MARKETS.
Curb.

by the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, March as.-FoliawtnS
complete list of todays transac.
Mons on the New York Curb Market
UP to 2:15 pm, with sales of each IS
sue and The high, low ard last prices:
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
is WHIPPED BY
INVISIBLE Eye
Committee of Four Women Ap.
ply the Lash to Mrs. Tatum,
Near Dallas, Tex.
BODY MASS OF BRUISES
captors Accuse Her Of Mistreating
Her Daughter and Are Deaf to
Her Denials-Man Holds Her
While Being Whipped.

Fort Worth, Tex-Seized by a man
and four women, hustled into an auto.
mobile and taken to q deserted spot
near the Trinity river, where she was
given 100 lashes by her captOrs, Mrs
l. c. Tatum of the little village of Stop
Six. near Dallas, is slowly recovering
from her bruises and the nervous
shock Of her narrowing experience.
Mrs. Tatum's account of the affair
Is to the effect that she was called TO
the door OF her home by two women,
who said that they would take her to
her daughter, who had been missing
for some time. When Mrs. Tatum en-
tered the waiting automobile she
found there were four women In the
machine and a man driving. The ma
chine sped away to lonely spot near
the river, where the woman was hand
cuffed and held by the man, while the
four women used the lash on the vic
tim. Her body 10 a mass Of bruises,
according to her aunt, Mrs. Jane
Floyd.
The whipping was given by "com-
mittee Of four" Of the Ladies Invis-
lble Eye"
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
PREDICTS OWN DEATH; KILLED
Guests Do Not Heed Hosts Remark.
Which Comes True on the
Following Day.

New York.-Arthur Van OhIen,
twenty-five, Of Little Ferry, N. j., and
another man were burned by steam
and suffOcated to death beneath the
boilers at the Continental Paper COM
pany plant In Bogota, N. J. Van Ohlsn
had a premonition Of death the night
before, when his sister was entertain
Ing party Of friends at their home.
The party was playing cards, and
Van Ohlen's sister, Helen, won two
games. Van Ohlen, who had lost,
leaned toward her and said laugh
ingly. kiss me, sister, I'll be dead
tomorrow" Others in the party gave
the remark no heed, but when word Of
Van Ohlen's death reached his home
the sister recalled 1t.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

L
q thankful feast, depending entirely I'D
on those "who cluster round the festiv,
board"
Candied Sweet Potatoes.-Wash anC
COOK sweet potatoes in their skins un
I'll tender. Drain, cool and peel. Put
into saucepan one-half cupful OF
sugar, three tablespoonfuls Of shorten.
Ing. one-half teaspoonful Of nutmeg,
four tablespoonful of water, one-Quar.
ter OF teaspoonful Of cinnamon. Boil
until 1t spins a thread. Place the pO-
tatoes In a baking dish and pour over
the strip. Place In hot oven for Is
minutes. basting two or three times
and serve from the baking dish.
Chestnut Stuffing.-Take one pint of
bianched chestnuts, one-fourth Of q
cupful Of butter, one teaspoonful of salt,
one pint Of finely chopped cooked veal,
one small onion grated, one teaspoonful
OF lemon juice, one teaspoonful Of
chopped parsley, one teaspoonful of
celery salt, pepper and salt to taste
Moisten with cream and mix with one
beaten egg.
Red Apple SaIad-Select firm. red
apples. carefully remove the centers
from the stem end. Brush the inside
with lemon juice and set In the ice
box. Chop the apple which came from
the center, add a slice or two Of
chopped pineapple. a little celery also
chopped, few shredded blanched al
monds, all mixed with tablespoonful
or two Of good salad dressing, and a
cupful Of whipped cream. Add a bit
Of salt and sugar, fill the apple cups
and serve them on pretty plates COW
cred with lace-paper doilies. Cranber-
~ jelly is one Of the requirements for
such a dinner. Cook the berries, add
ing the sugar when partly cooked. Put |
through sieve and mold.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
OWL STEALS HENH0USE KEYS
This Occurred in the Poultry Grounds
OF the Oregon State Hospital
for the Insane.

Salem, Ore.-Hoot owls like chicken
meat and a boot owl has a key to the
nenhouse at the State Hospital for
the insane Also the owl has the key
that unlocks the switch on the automo-
bile OF A. d. Zinser, superintendent
Of the poultry yards.
1t happened like this:
Zinser heard the boot owl boot.
he feared for the chicks. Not having
a gun or a rock at hand, he took a
heavy bunch Of keys from his pocket
crept within throwing distance of the
owl. and let drive.
The keys went wild and dropped
into the grass. The owl fitted from
the tree, picked up the keys, and dis
appeared.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

| such treatment" Mrs. Floyd said
Several women Of her church have
asked that the daughter, Naomi Ia
tum, be educated by the church. This
Mrs. Tatum objected to. She and hel
husband have had little trouble over
the girl, but 1t has happened only
when the mother whipped the daugh.
ter.
when she got In the car and they
mad driven short distance the women
told her they were members of a Sc.
cret society from Dallas and accused
her Of running her daughter and that
as Tarrant county women would not
act they would show her that Dallas
women would"
Mrs. Tatum Is thirty-six years old
and insists that she was mistreated
without cause. In statement issued
from her bed Mrs. Tatum said:
Denies Charges.
They told me I had misteated the
child. l told them hadn't. Finally
the man caught hold of the handouts
with one hand and placed the other
hand over my mouth. Three of the
women began whipping me.
Finally, they quit and started to
put me In the car, when one of them
asked, Girls, do you think she has
enough? One of the women replied
she thought / needed more. The man
caught me again by the handouts and
the whipping started.
Il was growing weaker. was about
to faint. Each lash seemed as If Il
would make ine unconscious. The man.
believe, saw was about to faint and
he told them to stop.
Then they helped me back in the
,ar."
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
No Previous Threats.

A communication addressed to news
papers stated the whipping was admin
istered for alleged running Of her
daughter. Naomi Tatum, fourteen
years.
No threats of any kind had been re-
ceived by Mrs. Tatum prior to the oc-
currence. One woman who whipped
her told Mrs. Tatum they were from
Dallas. One Of the women was masked,
Mrs. Tatum said.
Mrs. Tatum has had some little
trouble, but none that would merit
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

place an oyster, seasoned well after
drying with cloth; use salt, pepper
and bit of demon juice for seasoning
on top Of each place half-inch square
OF bacon, fasten with toothpick and
run under the gas flame until the bacon
Is crisp, then the oyster will be done
to a turn. Serve three canapes with
a stalk Of stuffed celery at one side of
the plate with slice of lemon with a
spray Of parsley thrust through each
slice, on the other; or arrange on a
platter garnished with lemon and pars-
ley and serve each three with stalk
Of stuffed celery and a fancy open
sandwich for each plate.
FIIIet Of Bass With Grape Sauce
Sprinkle eight fillet with salt and
squeeze the juice of lemon on them.
Wrap In cheese cloth and steam Is
minutes. Remove to the serving dish
and pour the sauce around them. Gar
nish with parsley.
Grape Sauce.-Put the skin and
bones Of the fish with three slices of
carrot, one slice Of onion, one piece of
bay leaf, three cupfuls Of cold water
and one-fourth teaspoonful of salt in
to a saucepan and bring to the boiling
point, then simmer for 80 minutes.
Rub through strainer and thicken
with a tablespoonful each Of butter
and flour to one cupful of the LIQUID
Add one cupful Of white grapes from
which the seeds and skins have been
removed, cook one minute, then pour
over the fish.
Grapefruit Sherbet.-Take four Gun
fuls of water and two cupfuls of sugar.
boil for five minutes, add one-half ia.
Of gelatin softened In cold
water. When dissolved add two cup
fuls Of grapefruit juice and the Juice
ct lemon. Freeze and pack to ripen.
Egg Piquant.-Into a double boiler
put one cupful Of cream. thicken with
tablespoonful of cornstarch, max
ing a white sauce; season with salt
and pepper and add a tablespoonful of
worcestershire sauce. Drop in the
eggs. poach and serve on buttered
'oast piping hot from the toaster.
Cover with the sauce, sprinkle with
,aprika and serve at once.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Woodpecker's Usefulness

The wondering insect so destruc.
i've to forest trees, has one implacable
enemy-the woodpecker. Better
equipped than a telephone lineman for
climbing; supported by a spurred tail:
provided with hooked claws for cling.
ing to the bark; hammer-headed.
ehisel-beaked, and armed with ire
nendously long, strong, incorporated,
tsrDed, extensile tongue. the wood.
oecker drills through the wood direct.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Awake to Find House
Is Sliding Down Hin

Wenatchee, Wash.-Georpe A.
Hauber of Peshastin and his
family woke one morning to find
that the whole house, together
with the land surrounding it, was
steadily moving down the hill
and headed toward the top of
an embankment several hundred
feet high. Mr.. and Mrs. Hau.
Der, awakened at the same time
on noticing an unusual sound
succeeded In getting the other
members Of the family out of
the house without difficulty. The
house slid on down for a dis.
lance of 80 feet and lodged in
an irrigation ditch, which pre.
vented it from going over the
embankment.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

next Into the front room, the invader
wrought destruction right and left.
He tore into the wall with his horns,
running the wallpaper. He smashed a
large mirror. Chairs and tables were
upturned, vases broken, and still the
maSauder showed no inclination to de-
part.
Finally, some one entered the open
back door and came up behind the bull
and drove him into the street. Outrun-
ming a pursuing crowd, the animal dis
appeared.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
GAVE THE RIGHT NAME

Tom and his little brother, Jack.
were new pupils, and the master was
about to enter their names upon his
register
Now, my lad" he said turning to
Tom, what Is your name?"
Tom, sir" was the reply
You should say Thomas, my boy"
said the master "And what is your
brothers name?"
"Jackass," replied Tom.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
BULL WRECKS HOME,
Then DISAPPEARS
Animal Chases Crowd of Men
and Boys and Then Plays
Havoc With House.

Baltimore.-A runaway bull coming
from nobody knows where went on a
rampage In Southwest Baltimore
Chased by a crowd of men and boys,
he finally dashed into a residence,
which he partly wrecked, and then
disappeared nobody knows where.
The house in which he sought ref.
uge was occupied by Lewis A. Nash
and his family. The bull drove
through the back door, knocking 1t
from its hinges and crashing into a
gas stove. which he pushed out of his
way.
In the next room he found the fam.
lily, who Immediately evacuated. Going
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

/ CABINET

&c. 1922. Western Newspaper Union.)
Red springs the rye,
AS autumn days decline,
And from the sky
Less florid colors shine.
Its airy, lustrous line
The gossamer displays,
And family breathes the pine
In autumn days.
William Hewitt.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Inflated Value.

Jack Tin museum)-This collection
of stuffed animals is said to be worth
thousands of dollars.
Flo-Is 1t possible? What are they
stuffed with?-Life.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

Shadows lie dark on the hillside,
Sunshine lies warm on the shore,
But the goldenrod waves in his pride
And the clover blooms no more;
Gone are white blossoms of May.
Their robe is the purple leaf,
And the corn stands ripe in his sheaf,
For summer is gliding away
Annie Fields
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
We Can't See This. Either.

PA" said Clarence.
BE careful. young man, I'm In no
humor for foolishness," warned his
dad.
WELL" grinned Clarence, 81 just
wanted to ask you If, when an eye
tooth got old. you had to buy glasses
for It,"
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Table Etiquette.

ao'e Etiquette.
Inc Ieacher-And what do we do
with the whale? w
Bobby-Eat 1t.
me Teacher (sarcastically)-oh. do
We! And what do we do v,th ~ w
bones? i 'ns
Bobby-Put 'em on the s6xe AZ FL.
plates-LondoR Opinasu.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Brief Acquaintance.

MY dear. who is that man staring
at your"
HE was my husband once. You
are not jealous, I lope?"
Certainly not. 1 can tell by his
puzzled look that he can't quite place
you.'
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30

Scottish Wild Cats.

1t is not generally known that wild
cats are still found in parts of Scot
land and are extremely fierce. They
make their homes In rocks and hollow
trees. At one time they were found
all over England. but. like snakes, they
have not been seen In Ireland.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
The New Mode

The masked gentleman with the gun
stuck it gently, but firmly, into the
chest Of the respectable citizen out
late. and remarked:
pardon me, sir, but would you
mind lending me your watch and
pocketbook until I come back this
wayT
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
An Honorable Decree.

Said the friend to the proud father
OF a college graduate who had just
been awarded an A. NJ. degree:
II suppose Robert will be looking
for Phi. d. next2''
mo. he will be looking for a ]. o.
B.'-The Christian Evangelist Est.
Louis).
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
OodQinu Insurance..

snow Is the time to get your life In
sured. young man. The longer you de-
lay it, the higher your premiums will
be-"
Il know that, but the longer I wait,
the fewer premiums / will have to
pay."-Judge.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
YES AND NO

YES AND NO
His Wife: Young Mr.. Everbroke
always seems 20 shy and dIffident,
don't you think so7"
Mr.. MultIrox: Well, he's always
shy on cash but he never seems at
oil dlffident about making q touch.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Easily Done.

Customer-The chair is very pretty
indeed, but I want one with three legs.
to fit in a corner.
Furniture Dealer-Well, madam, I'll
saw one leg off.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
More Dressv.

She-So you've been to Palm Beach.
Isn't 1t lovely there? A perfect Gar
den of Eden.
He-Yes. but-er-a trifle mora
dressy, don't you think?
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
The One on Trial

Mrs. Hirem-O ffen-Would you be
willing to come on trial for a week.
Prospective Cook-A wake Is itf
Shure Oh could tell whether Ord loike
yer In wan day.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
Fathers Opinion.

Mother (of singing daughter)-
Don't you think Helens voice is i'm
proving?
Father-Yes, but it's long way yet
from being cured.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
The Orioinal Touch

Author lat private film exhibition)-
That's quite an original plot. When
are you showing me the film of nv
book?
Film Magnate-You've Just seen II.
London Punch.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1922-11-30
4 Liability.

Griggs-Isn't JOhnson's light-haired
wife rather an expensive propositioni
Briggs should say so. He calls
her his blonded Indebtedness.