davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Ship Subsidy Side
Is Loser in Debate

Proposing an alternative plan to
help ship owners cope with the labor
problem. the negative team on the
subject, Resolved. that the United
States government should subsidize
an American Merchant Marine" was
awarded a two-to-one decision at q
debate at George Washington Uni.
versity last night.
The negative team was composed
OF W. I. Cleveland, who was awarded
first honors. p. M. Silva and r. n.
Anderson; the affirmative consisted
Of Henry Temin, Joseph Levinson
and vernon Iirkle. me Judges were
A. w. stoltz. william E. Reese,
president Of the Columbian Debating
Society, presided.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Opera Singer 'Astounied'
That No Contract Exists

NEW YORK Dec. s.-Alth
he considers his financial and
tic situation such that he nee6
descend to airing publicly m.
flies with the Chicago Opera
pany." Joseph -Schwarz issue
two-page statement today. q
thoroughly into the controvers.
The statement said he was
founded" when told he had no
tracts with the company and ths
services were at an end. He
he was "only too glad" to sin
that city and declared a canc
ton of his contract was inef
uslly attempted when Illness
layed his arrival.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Proposed blue Sky"
Law Given Approval

The Denison Blue Sky" bill. pro-
viding Federal restrictions for stock
promotion schemes. was endorsed
yesterday by Garfield 9. Canright.
of Madison, Wis. on behalf Of the
National Association of Securities
Commissioners. before the Senate
Interstate Commerce Committee.
Canright declared there was need
for supervision Of Fly by night
stock promoters.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Restrictions on Open-tt .
Cars in East Remov G.

Orders were Issued by no
Interstate Commerce Commis son
Yesterday afternoon removing "a
restrictions on the use Of open-top
cars east of the Mississippi river
and cancelling the priority in move
rnent heretofore accorded certain
specified commodities, both east and
west OF the Mississippi.
The orders are effective at mid
night on December IL.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

he and his faith
er invented. Hen
ry A. Berliner,
son of Emile
Berliner, yester-
day W a 8 I h e
principal speak
er at the weekly
luncheon Of the
Washington So
C e ty of the
NJ a s s a chusetts
Institute Of Tech
nology at t h e
University Club.
Tests of the
m a C b ne, Mr..
Berliner said, are
being made daily
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Plan New Effort to Indict
In Hall.Mills Murder

NEW BRUNSWICK, y. J.. Dec.
S.-That the December grand jury
of Somerset County win be asked
to render indictments for the muir
derer Of DIR. Edward Hall and his
choir singer. Mrs. Eleanor r. Mills,
was disclosed today when Mrs. Jane
Gibson. the woman who claims she
witnessed the murders, said off,
cials working on the case notified
her to be ready to tell her story
again when the grand jury con-
yenes.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
$500 Makes u. s. Farmer
Rich German Hotel Man

DUQUOIN, III, Dec. S.-Only a
few months ago John Fuhs was q
tenant farmer OF Belleville. with
his family he returned to Elberfeld.
Germany. his native home. and he
now writes friends he has suddenly
developed into one Of that city's
richest citizens.
The secret Of his prosperity lies
in the rate of exchange. With $500
American money Fuhs bought a five.
story hotel building saloon. bowling
alleys, lodge rooms and forty-eight
guest rooms.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

Mr.. Staley was
at the Veterans
Bureau for three
and q half years
as assistant budg-
ct officer. He
was among those
who helped to
organize the bu-
reau In the early
days of the war
when IT was To-
Gated In the old
Department OF
Justice Building,
now the George
W. tngton Uni
ve Mty Law
School. At that
ss-.- thA h.,roon
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
DENLY Invites 60 Solons
To See Naval Maneuvers

Sixty members Of the House and
Senate were invited yesterday to
Interview the annual winter naval
maneuvers in Panama Bay from
aboard the cruiser Henderson.
The invitation. extended by Sec
retary of the Navy DENLY includes
a months tour Of American naval
posts in Southern waters. lasting
from March IL to April IL. The
only cost to those taking the trip.
DENLY said, would be S1.5o a day
for subsistence.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Oil Fire, Caused by Bolt,
Causes Millions Damage

ELDORADO. Ark, Dec. s,-Mu.
lions of dollars worth of crude
oil has gone up in smoke in a huge
oil field fire which is raging today
in the Smack Over area near here
Five great pools are ablaze.
The fire started late yesterday
when a pit OF the North American
ON Company was struck by light.
ming. Half a million barrels OF
crude oil have been lost.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
ADMIRAL ORDERED HOME.

One OF the final steps in the with
drawal Of United States forces from
San Domingo was taken yesterday
when the Navy Department ordered
Rear Admiral Samuel =. Robson.
military governor Of the island, to
Washington to serve with the gem
eral board.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Brewster's Lexicon
Full of Tenderness
(Cspyrght b. Company American.
(keproduction

|
NEW YORK. Dec S-One Of the remarkable
the history
into the possession of the Nsw York American.
This the his
compiled By Eugene V. Bese millionaire film magazine publisher,
for his
II discovered partly typoting aud partly handwriting,
Br0ses effects by Mrs Eleanor Van Pos. Bros his
second rife Ohen she packing his rnse whn he
take his home at Normande Heights ~ j. th Co Palmer,
the gdr-stand Cinderella.
In compiling this glossary of Bester thought devised
technique of oveaking Here
the less commonplace of endearnnent:
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

Nd, and he predicted that It would
revolutionize aircraft. The helicoptor
rises through a pair of horizontal
rotating propellers, which enables 1t
to cleave straight up in the air and
to glide as the pilot desires.
Emile Berliner invented the ma
chine in 1900 and after the son
graduated from the Massachusetts,
Institute Of Technology. the origin.
al model was turned over to him
for development
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
Named to Berth
In POStOfice

Frank c. staley. who has been
appointed by Postmaster General
Work as chief clerk to the As
sistant Postmaster General.
Prior to his present appointment,
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

lncxnauStlDic rs u inc tfo8Sufy
( thy bOunties."
angel kneel."
'Languishing with love"
mellow. velvety lips"
Souls commune"
Drink Deep"
"Visions Of heaven"
Radiant blush"
Souls companion"
Souls comrade."
Lingering there"
Absorbing fire."
Passions flame"
"Limpid wave."
"Arms entwine."
struggling spirit burns"
Loves piniOns freed"
'Disquieting."
Love sits entwined."
MELODY Of song"
"ImpassiOned tenderness"
Loves darling"
"Wounded Heart"
Forever thine"
Mornings fair sunbeam"
"Rapture's embrace"
"Hot BREATH"
Loves young dream.S
"DroOping flower"
'Throbbing pulse"
''Thraldom's captive"
Magnetic thrill"
Sweet moonlight hour"
when thy soft lips prest-"
"Bedewed with tears"
"SOOthing touch"
"Unfading flower"
Bosom heaving."
Secret bliss"
"Fiercest passion"
"Beauteous flower"
"Sweet repOse."
Midsummer flower"
"GentIe as the stream that flows"
Lingering sigh"
Crimson blush"
"RainbOw blend"
"LOve's passion"
Peerless eyes"
"Soft luster."
"Steal my senses"
"Languid mist"
"Blushing rose in bloom"
''Silent tear"
perfume Of the rose"
".Wild bill0wy sea-"
Light Of love thou art"
Heaven hear my vOw."
Charm Of thy SMILE"
make me thy captive"
Sweet beloved"
"LOyeliest Of women"
Soul companion
Light Of love-"
"Smiling beauty"
"Beaming BRIDE
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
MoNpELL NAMES RECESS.

Holiday recesses planned by. the
Honee are from December "a to ~.
December 10 to January 2, Repub-
licsn LseAsr Aondsll yestsrdsy an
neunceA
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

was housed In the basement Of the
Law School Building.
Mr.. staiey. whose former home
was Enid. okla. IL living at the
Portnsr with his family.
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09
HeicOpter Man
Tells of Success

Telling Of his experiments and
final perfection Of the helicopter, a
new type of flying machine which
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09

Mother rose"
my hearts desire"
MY Hfe."
"My angel"
"Beauteous dove"
Jewel rare"
Loves mother rose"
Fountain Of love-"
blessed one"
Heavens masterpiece"
"My lily fair"
"Vi0let heart"
"Unfading flower"
"My beauty fair"
MY royal nrize."
Blooming bride"
"Treasure-house OF love-"
MY mother pearl"
"My treasure"
affinity"
"Sweet darling"
my queen rose"
Birdie"
Butterfly"
"Humming bird"
"Entrancer."
Entrahcing one.
"Fascinator."
"Charmer."
Guiding star"
Protector"
Idol"
Idol Of my dreams"
Hearts desire"
prince Of hearts"
angel eyes,"
"My ideal"
"My love dream"
Heavens darling"
Darling mine."
"Comrade mine"
Passions darling"
"My ALL"
Devoted one"
Most pleasing one"
"My nightingale"
Sunbeam"
my charmer."
"My morning sunbeam"
MY blushing rose"
"Love Of my BOSOM"
Magnetic darling"
my captor."
"Fancy's choice"
"Dream Of lovelfness."
"S0uPs choice"
my guiding star"
my lover sweet"
"My empress"
my soul shadow"
Peerless BRIDE"
"My hearts wreath"
"Bower Of love-"
"My golden prize"
"Witching maid"
my souls echo"
The Washington herald., 1922-12-09


.rng ysaay uhsn e ebsd or her fhs cot n ns0ey Hospital Her
him al he hOspuA 4
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
LANFoRD NEWS

dIhnford, Jan. live acknowledges
with appreciation the beautiful tribute
to our dear friend and neighbor Mrs.
0. f. Cox, in the last issue of your pa
per. The only regret is that the de-
parted one could not hear those dear
words So in these rcma ks wc wish
10 make known 70 the writer OF that
piece, the esteem and apprc { .atop
that some OF her former as socialc: an |
pupils have of her and to let her know
that her labors Of love and her efforts
to instruct knowledge into the minds
OF the young has not been in vain.
The remains Of Mr.. II. M. Peterson,
late Of Gainesville, Ga, was brought
here Sunday morning and buried by
the side Of his wife who preceded him
to the grave several years ago. He
leaves seven sons and was at one time
u citizen Of this place. DR.. Graves l..
Knight conducted the funeral services
| There was an attentive congrega-
tion to hear Dr. knight at the Bap-
tist church and he preached a splen-
did sermon. He and Mrs. Knight were
guests OF Mr.. and Mrs. G. ID. Cox, to-
gether with Miss Pauline Waldrep and
Mrs. Stella Bomar.
Mr.. DeIsoy Patterson has returned
home from a short visit to Jackson
vile and Miami, Florida
| Mrs. G. L.. Waldrep entertained quite
a good many young people a few ev-
enings ago in honor Of our teachers,
Misses Lewis, Burgess and F'ootman.
| Mr.. and Mrs. Lou Ilill, of Owings,
visited Mr.. and Mrs. J. D. Williams this
last weekend.
MIR. and Mrs. Ezel,e Garrett were
guests of Mr.. H. c. Garrett, Saturday
night
MIR. j. d. Harmon, Of Iaurens, visit
ed friends and relatives here Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. It. Higgins, of Buf-
falo, spent the weekend with their
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. J. S. Higgins.
Mrs. Mamie Drummond went to
lSpartanbung a few days ago to be at
the bedside Of her brother, MIR. William
Rogers, who died Thursday and was
buried at his old home church ON the
following day. This leaves only two
members OF the old Rogers family,
Mrs. Drummond and DIR. g. E. Rogers,
Of Gray Court
The road men are busy top-soiling
the new highway from Enorce to Lau-
rens, which will be great conven-
ience.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
POLICE CARS ON THE JOB
Three Dodge Brothers Cars Valued by
FL PaSO Police Officials.

Three Dodge Brothers Cars valued Dy
Ell Paso Police Officials.
There are three members" Of the
Ell Paso, Texas, police force who arc
fairly entitled to good conduct Dadg-
es, according to Police Chief Ed
wards OF that city. The three work
"a hours each day, never receive pay,
are never absent on account Of sick
mess, and pace any beat without a
murmur. They are the three Dodge
Brothers cars Of the Police Depart
ment. whose sudden appearance in
the streets brings fear to the law
breaker in the Texas city.
| Police cars arc called on for un-
usual service in that they are actually
in service or likely to be called on
at any time Of day or night. Once ev-
cry month they are steamed out"
at the city corral, and the police Of
flcials say that this is 90 per cent Of
the attention given tho Godge Broth
ers cars.
Tho police reporter of the Eel Paso
| NlNlilILt1 1.-Two tCllo XII lllICl SoIlllSD
story of an actual chase in one of the
Dodge Brothers cars which illustrates
tho treatment they are sometimes
given.
masked men at so-and-so corner. I'll
wait hero for you!' comes nervous
voice over the telephone.
'Rlue coated figures rush for the
Dodge Brothers cars, and in an in
atant are on their way to the scene of
the robbery. Up dark alleys through
unpavcd streets. across litter-covercd
lots, up steep embanl1ments, and to
places one would consider impossible,
tho Dodge Brothers cars are driven in
the search. Two figures are seen to
cross the canal bridge. The car is
braked violently to a standstill, and
reversed until the street intersection
Is reached. Not knowing the roadbed
upon which the car travels, the driv-
or points his car directly after the Of
tenders. Using the car az q buiwarK,
"a gun battle follows. The radiator
is filled with bullets, but the bandits
are finally captured. In the bullet
ridden car, they arc transported to the
police Headquarters.
No wonder" adds the police re-
porter, that all the police officials
are unanimous in their praise of the
Dodge Brothers cars"
One Dodge Brothers car has stood
UP well under this kind Of service
since 1917, the other two have served
since 1918 and 1919 respectively.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
FINAL SUPPLEMENT

Take notice that on the 18th day OF
rcDruary, 1922, | will render a final
account Of my acts and doings as Ad-
inlnlStrator of the estate of Abb Wells
ueccaScd, In the Office OF the Judge Of
'fooatc OF Laurens county, at II
O'Clock, a. M, and on the same day
VIII apply for q final discharge from
my trust as Administrators
Any person indebted to said estate
is notified and required to make pay
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
Gas, Indigestion,
Stomach Miserv
"Diapepsin"


"Papc's Diapepsin" has proven itself
inc s,lrest relief for Indigestion, Gases,
flntuicncc, heartburn, Sourncss, Fer
mentation or Stomach Distress causc,I
by acidity. A few tablets give almost
immediate stomach relief and shortly the
stomach il corrected 80 you can eat fa-
vorltc foods without fear. Large case
costs only fow cents at drug store. Mil
lions helped annually.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
iiabitaaI Constipation Cured
In Ii 20 II DAYS

"LAx-FiOS WITH tPEPSIN"5is a specially.
prepared Syrup pTonic-Laxat:ye for Habitual
Constipation. 1t relieves promptly but
: should be taken regularly for Ia to II days
Regulates sVcyy Pleasant to Take. Coo
per bottle.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
Successful EXperi'inelit.

bH aliofdihs 4 means to keep it
warm enough to remain liquid, Bel
glan eNpcrimentcrs have succeeded in
using African palm oil 10 drive an
internal combustion engine.
Frre Thought and Happiness.
IL mah speak or act with pure
thought, happiness will follow him,
like shadow that never leaves him.
-DhnmmnpDtla
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
Free Instincts.

Harvard professor says "dancng
Is an instinct, Just like eating and
ilghtihg" ii has long been observed
that man Will eat anything, and fight
ANYTHING and now he's getting so.
he'll dance anything. Kansas City
Star.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18
Piles Cured I'm 6 to14Days

Dr,!SEiets refund money |: PAZO OINTMENT foi,
tJc1ro l.ching, Eind, BeeL.ne or Protru,,iDt Pics
Instantly rclicvcs Itching Piles and you can dc
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18

Hyomei's germ-kllling medication Is
the only sensible and safe way of
treating catarrh. Goes right to the
spot. Breathed through the nose and
mouth. Guaranteed satisfaction or
monoy refunded. Sold by Laurens
Drug Co.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1922-01-18

10 Cure a C0id in One Day
Take LAXATIVE BROMO QUININE (Tablcts) If
stops the Cou,h and Headache and works off the
Cold. T.. w. GROVES signature OH each box @vc
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-09-14

received. Few hogs came to the
yards and the market was steady at
9@9 1-2c, with coarse hogs at s "a.
There was no material change in the
sales of sheep and lambs. Sheep
sold at sat &c. and lamb 10 q 13c.
There was smaller number of
mich cows tied up in the farm and
while the demand has become more
active, buyers are reluctant to pay
any higher prices. The best offer
ings move quickly and at satisfac-
tory prices but sales on the poorer
cows are very hard to close ard
dealers claim that these rarely sell
above home cost. Fancy cows sold
at $40 to 165, with some extras
higher. Good cows sold at $50 a 40.
and poor and ordinary cows at $50 q
Is.
Sales-C. F. Gage sold l pr fancy
steers, 296O TBS at s lac and Is cows
hogs at Sc and 30 mich cows at $50
| a 100. Hall & Lowell sold 3 bulls at
4c. av 1000 TBS, cows av $50 ID
at &c; So calves av 120 TBS at 10 lie,
40 drinker calves. av $50 TBS at
6 1-2c. 10 hogs av 175 TBS at 1-2c,
10 sheep av 80 TBS at 441-2c, 20
lambs av so TBS at 10 1-2c, 20 COWS
at $40@120. A. c. Warner &; Sons
sold 60 calves at SOLE and 10 cows
at $50 q 125. F. L. Brown & Sohs
sold a. calves. 1920 Tbs at &c, drink
err 300 1bs at &c and small calves
| at So ca, 10 mich cows at an av $40
| each. " A. Hanson sold 80 calves
at lie and Is mich cows at $50 q
40. r. Z. Hobbs sold. calves at
11c.> r. l.. Wormell sold 62 calves
at Zoe, and "a milch cows at $75 q
120. A. NJ. Baggs sold 6 cows at &c.
IS cows at 1-2c and SO cows at &c;
80 calves at 12c, 40 mich cows at
$50 q 100. E. r. Foye sold % calves
av 40 fbs at lie: II hogs at 8 1-2c;
fancy mich COW at $3.50 and 10
cows at $50 a 100 F. M. Dana sold
| Z cows at $50 @11O. Putnam Bros
sold 1 pr steers. 1900 TBS at lee
200 calves. 81 ca for small calves and
&c, Sc, Zoe for veals. 80 sheep and
lamb. sheep SIC; lamb 10-11c; 6
hogs at &c: - mich cows at $40 q
100. Otis II. Forbush sold l cow at
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-09-14

box. Beets slightly higher at $1.25-
$50 a box for cut and 40-65c for
punched. White cabbage lower at
81. 00-125 and Savoy at $1.25-l.50 a
barrel. Carrots slightly higher at
sl.25-150 box for cut and 50-S5c
for punched. Celery unchanged at
sl.50-1.75 a box. White corn steady
at 75c-s125 and yellow corn at s1.00-
$50 a box Fancy cucumbers higher
at $300-3.50 a bu. with poorer stock
at 75c up. Lettuce active and higher
at 50-75c a box. Parsnips unchanged
at s175 a box. Pears lower at 75c-
s1.75 and peppers at 75-S5c a box.
Summer squash unchanged mostly
soc a box Early tomatoes slightly
lower at 75c-$125 with fancy Stone
tomatoes at $3.50 a box.
Shipped in Products
Cantaloupes were in oversupply
and sacrificed at ruinous prices. Best
Colorados bringing mostly s1.25 a
crate. Cape Cod cranberries lower at
sS75-425 per barrel crate. New
York grapes nearly all in fair to
poor condition. all varieties $1.00-1 .25
carrier. New York lettuce active
and higher at $3.50 crate. Middle
western onions lower at s1.75-200 per
100 lbs. Maine potatoes lower at
s1.10-1.2O per cwt. Virginia sweet
potatoes plentiful and lower at mostly
S225-250 a barrel.
distributed through the Boston Of
fice OF the U. s. Department of Agri-
culture, Bureau of Agricultural Eco
Monies. 402 Atlantic avenue)
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-09-14
PLUMBERS VIEWS
(Continued from Page One)

is proposed, against the cost of the
harness. Nothing is said Of the all
important service which that harness
enables the horse to perform or of
the value of the horse that the har-
ness enables us to use. for ships are
but the harness of trade"
Commissioner Plummer's Address
The future of the Port OF Portland
will be largely what the citizens of
MaineA-and particularly the citizens
of Portland-are determined to make
it," said Commissioner Edward c.
Plummer of the U. S. Shipping Board
in his address.
Commerce is the life Of any port
and commerce ordinarily follows the
line OF least resistance-goes where
the best accommodations are to be
had. Therefore, port facilities should
be constantly in advance Of existing
business to the end that more business
may be thereby gained. Commerce
must be sought; not merely awaited.
How we'll this truthsis appreciated
by wide-awake states and active mu-
inequalities is indicated by conditions
in all our leading ports. Baltimore, so
long presided over by one of the dis
tinguished vice presidents at large Of
the Atlantic Deeper Waterways Asso-
citation, has already invested $4,000
600 in public wharves and docks. and
a recent bill provides for $4,000, 900
more to be spent improving it's water
front.
Many other American ports might
be added. The famous docks Of Liver
pool. the docks of London owned by
the central government, and the docks
of Antwerp nationally owned. all en-
phasize the one important fact that
facilities attract ocean business-and
that ocean business is the public's
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-09-14

business. Those who wish business to
come must themselves prepare the
way.
The natural advantages OF the Port
Of Portland are obvious and great be-
yond question. OF easiest access from
the sea: entirely free from those peri
lous fogs which have made approaches
to the ST. Lawrence and to all ports Of
; Maine the graveyards of the Atlantic;
the one commodous American harbor
nearest to Europe always open to traf-
fic and blessed with climate always
healthful, the mere natural develop
,, ment of it's land communications when
when they are freed from artificial re-
strictions which have burdened them
so long. means that through this port
vast amount Of the products Of the
Middle West and Canada will! pass
this harbor become a gateway of the
East, a fact no doubt appreciated by
some of those who recognize the real
traffic competition naturally existing
here and who. therefore. are endeavor-
ing 70 create divertng lines Of COM
merce before the facilities Of this port
shall have become properly utilized.
The fact that an American steam
ship delivering and receiving cargo
will during each visit, leave in port
from $4,000 to $4,000 shows how
important is the business done where
land and water transportation unite
a business which traffic men fully ap-
precate.
Furthermore, the real meaning Of an
ability to control the courses of COM
merce is now becoming nationally real
lied and more and more the hands of
| world governments are beginning to
appear grasping the steering wheels Of
their merchant marines. They know
how tremendous is the value of the
worlds freight money. that 1t is a
dominant factor in the worlds trade,
and they are seeking it with a new
holiness that challenges our attention.
- The observations of a third-of- a
century during which have been ac-
lively interested in the problem of
American shipping have revealed an
unvarying and constantly increasing
activity on the part of foreign govern
ments to secure for their people the
ocean commerce Of the United States