Evening capital. [volume] (Annapolis, Md.) 1922-1981, 1922-08-10
TELL FRUIT GROWERS
TO WATCH ORCHARDS
Department Of Agriculture Ex.
perts Urge Great Care In
Choice OF Varieties

Federal experts In the Department
OF Agriculture point out that. as com
petition in the fruit industry becomes
more intensive. it is necessary for
growers TO give more heed TO the
choice OF varieties OF fruit in their
orchards especially adapted to soil
and climatic conditions as we'll as
TO market requirements. AS it re-
quires several years to establish and
bring an orchard up to the age OF
production. II is not always possible
90 anticipate the requirements OF the
market at the time OF planting the
orchard. 1t therefore becomes desir-
allie In some instances to change the
trees which have been planted from
one variety 10 another better suited
10 the market or home requirements
Besides the question OF suitability
OF the variety to the needs OF the
mhrket," a statement from the Fed
eral Department OF Agriculture says.
1T has been found with citrus fruits
that there are strains OF otherwise
good varieties which do not produce
paying crops, When trees of such
strains are found in the orchards in
any considerable number the produc-
ton OF the orchard Is reduced in
quantity as well as in quality. This
makes such areas less profitable than
they otherwise would be IL the un-
productive trees could be replaced
by those which bear abundantly.
There are different methods of ac-
complishing this result. The import
ant thing. however, is to determine
which OF the trees in the variety list
are undesirable. Then the orchardist
should eliminate bOarders' ty either
grating or budding into the tops of
the trees which are to be changed
scions or buds of variety or strain
known TO be adapted to the require
ments OF the particular region and
market.
I'm pear. apple or plum trees OF
mature size, the changing of the top
from one variety to another is, as a
rule. most satisfactorily accomplish
ed by cleft-grafting. On younger
trees the same thing can be accom-
pllshed either by whip grating or by
budding. With peaches, however, II
Is generally more satisfactory to re-
place the undesirable varieties by
young nursery trees of desirable
sorts.
with citrus fruits, particularly orr
anges and lemons, the process is even
more simple than II is with apples,
pears or plums, because il is possible
very effectively to bud into the bark
of mature trees of these sorts. AS
buds inserted into large framework
branches make rapid growth, 1t is
possible in three years time actually
TO replace the head of tree of rath-
er mature age by this process.
Grating of practically all styles
adapted to the transformation of ma
ture trees must be carried on while
the trees and the scions to be used
are i'm their resting or dormant con-
dition On the other hand, budding
is in the main done during the period
of active growth, while the bark of
the bud-stick, as well as of the tree
TO be reheaded, is, as the nurse-ymen
say. in a condition to slip
when the operation is properly
performed, and the condition of the
stock and the scion is satisfactory, a
good builder will secure 80 per cent.
OF stand in his work in citrus trees.
also in certain species OF deciduous
trees. such as peaches. apples, pears
and plums in the nursery row. In
fact, is usually considered easier to
secure stand of buds or scions on
nursery stock than upon more mature
paintings.
Those having trees which are not
producing satisfactory varieties, and