The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-09-24
TURKISH CRISIS ATTRIBUTED ID
 CREED FOR GOLD
Commercial RivaIries, Includ-
 ing British Desire to Keep .-ss Baku Oil. Route 0pen,i. |. <. Back of Trouble ssr
By JOHN EDWIN NEvIN Special Dispatch pusd to The .Age,Herald

! OcPyhibhbs AVS~s pJ AnC AEc-heThdu
 Washington, September 23.-Inter-
 national commercial rivalries and
 the greed for gold engendered there
 under are responsible for the Turk
 ish crisis today.
 Turkey, sentenced to death in
 1919, secured reprieve when the
 international joint commission, ere | ated to govern Constantinople and
 the neutralized territory dominating the straits of the Dardanelles, failed
 to function as planned.
 The triumph of Mustapha Renal Pasha's armies ever the Greek forces was directly due to the failure of Great Britain. France, Italy and l the Little Entente, to enforce the provisions of the treaty of Sevres. The struggle for trade supremacy had passed into the realm of that secret diplomacy which chiefly was responsible for the World war. The United States has net been involved in any of the developments of the last two years in the Near East. If the Senate had ratified the treaty of Versailles 1t was the orig inal plan of it's framers that this nation would have been asked to as- sume the mandate over Armenia. The treaty was not ratified and respon- sibility hereunder instead went to the allied powers.
 The situation in Turkey today is peculiar in that it is due entirely to outside considerations and in no. way to Turkish patriotism. It was ha 1trlx bo fret of the central powers. Thier suf- render was absolute and unconditicn- al. The allied forces occupied Con- stantinople, they still remain there. and the Dardanelles were thrown open to shipping without restrictions. The Turkish officials who were re- sponsibile for the violations of the rules of warfare. including the frightful massacres of the Armenian
 Christians. surrendered themselves
 and with typical Oriental fatalism prepared themselves for execution. High Commission Disagrees A joint allied high commission
 was created. It was given plenary
 powers to punish violators of the
 rules of warfare and to rule over
 Constantinople and the territoiy
 which controlled the Eurpean and
 Asiatic shores of the Dardanelles.
 The Turkish government was ban
 ished to Asia although there was to
 be nc interference with the Moslem
 religion while the head of the
 church and all of the church of-
 ficials were to be allowed to come and go as they pleased in Contan- tihople.
 From the outset of it's career. the allied high commission was split
 with jealousies. England was &C.,
 cused, chiefly by Italy and France, with having grabbed off the best of
 everything including the Bagdad railway. Italy was alleged to have secretly negotiated with the Turks and to have encouraged them to repel the Greek invasion of Syria on which Italy looked with longing eyes. France had claimed Syria from the outset and was finally couragement of the Turks which resulted in the establishment of the Turkish nationalist government at Angora.
 Meanwhile the soviet government at Moscow was giving every possib;e assistance to the Turkish assembly at Angora. It furnished money, arms ! and pro visions for the strengthening | of KemaPs armies and is also 1 reported to have entered into an of- | fensive and defensive treaty whereby, | if needed. soviet troops will proceed | to the assistance of the Turkish | 
 However. all this probably would