davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

its policy in Siberia. The feeling how.
IS that Japan vii! remain in siaer,.
at least several years lonsc~.
Two republics in the Far Eat
Ch'na and Chita are thus the crux ~
two Of the greatest problems confront.
ing tho Washington conference. CHS.
is eager to extend recognition to h.,
sister republic, but is cons rained !.
a'%sit action by the other powers.
Both Chita and the Soviet roy.r,-
mcnt have made solemn pledges to an
China. On March 26, 1920, Cain. y,
ceivcd fror, Moscow . document sa;ou.
in her history. The Soviet Ministsr ~
Foreign Affairs offered to tfc Chiu...
government the restoration o. thc Ca,-
nese Eastern Railway. the canc.llssior
Of The Boxer indemnity and the aba.
lition o. Russian cxtraterritor;d
gifts in China. Historicallv Ra,si.
While posing as friend. has - cr loss
sn opportunity to seize Chinese terd.
tory. she extended ner rule into cute,
Mongolia, seized the maritime orovine.
and took the three 1fsnchur.an prov.
inces. 1t was therefore staggering I.
thc Chinese to receive from the Sowje.,
. note which read:
The government Of the Soviet rs.
tu1Ds to the Chinese people w.aoat
demanding any kind Of con7oa-a.ios
the Chinese Eastern Rsilway. az weH
az all the concessions, miners'. FOR.
estry, gold mines and Others. vhiek
have been snatchcd from then, D. IA,
government of the Gar. the yore,s.
ment Of kerensky and the bricsads
Ho.tvath. SenenoT and No.c.ak. II.
Russian cx-generals. merchants ard
capitalists. The government Of the
Soviet -eEounces the contribution du.
from China for the .nsurrccti.r or -.
Boxers in 1900.
Beyond these principal point. Ia.
government OF the Sovie. IS -esf-- -
negotiate With the Chinese people III
other questions and 70 liquida.e ono
for all all the acts Of violence and IN
justice which have been conm,.t.a
against China By the former Russia,
government in concert with japan and
the Allies
Such promise could create nons
but favorable impression in Pekiny.
1t was the first time in his.ory that
China ever had al offer Of a voluntary
return Of anything TO he.. Bu, see
could net accept without recognizing
the Soviet government.
That is China's position to-da~. rss
plum is hanging over her head. bu. she
cannot reach it.
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08
-'-.--'~S STATE BOuWDApy
RA(L POAD

Map Of the Far Easfern Rcpub.
Tic Of Chito, ,ch;ch is the crux
Of the Siberian problems con-
fronting the Limitation Of Arm.
aJnent Conference
Following the collapse of the
holchok regime the rcpolution-
airy forces. cut of from Moscom.
on april E, 1920, declared their
independence and established q
republic. rhich ,cas promptly
recognized ~ the Soriet govern
ment in European Russia
The republic with about I.OOO,-
600 square miles and 2.OOO,O
population. extends from, the
Pacific Const along the southern
section Of Siberia, about 1000
miles inland to Lake Boikol
Chito, the capital, is I.5OO miles
from Viadirosfok
Japanese troops and Russian
anii-Bolsherik forces occup,
Tladirostok, the base of OPERA
fions OF the counter rcroIutiou.
ary forces
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08
Friday, 18th, Revives Debate
On Origin of the Superstition
Most Students Believe ''Unucky Number Was De-
rived From Religious Symbolism; Others
See Basis for 1t in the Stars

arc thirteen months, and in this disa-
grcement between the two calendars is
discerned the reason fo- deeminr thir-
teen unluchy. AS the lunar celandar
vas in time dropped Cor the solar, tho
thirteenth month Of the former disap-
pcared. and from that fact was derived
tho superstition that the thirteenth
person or any thirteenth object was
doomed to misfortune. Among the Is
raclites Of old this superstition was
greatly emphasized By the circum-
stance that in their numerical system
the character dcnoting the number
thirteen was identical with that mean
ing "dcath"
The notion cherished by some that
the legend concerning this number
arose from tho number Of those who
sat down at the Last Supper, and that
thirteen denotes Judas Iscariot, who
hanged himself, must be dismissed as
quite untenable. 1t is true that there
were thirteen at the Supper. But it is
ebviohs that 1t was no other than Jesus
Christ who was the thirteenth. and it
Is OF course fact Of record that it was
jesus, and not Judas, who first died
after the Supper. Surely it would not
do to reckon as unfortunate one who
was thus traditionally identified with
the Saviour of the World.
There also are those who seek to
derive the superstition from the old
Morse mythology, according to which
Baldur, the sun god. had to die be.
cause there werc thirteen gods in the
circle In yalhalla.
There are, on the other hand. those
who insist thot the dread Of the num-
Der thirteen is OF modern origin, un-
known to the ancients. Certain it is
that many years ago there were those
who regarded the number as fortunate
Among them was Pope Gregory tho
Great, who every morning gave meal
to twelve poor persons. One morning
Jesus appeared as thirteenth men,
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

present time these roads are again
supplied with rolling stock and rcbuilt
sufficicntly for the count-y's immediate
needs. AS the wheat crop increases
year by year and the oil output is aug
mented the Rumaniana are in posi-
ton to keep their roads handling the
larger burden.
According to some Bucharest claims.
the STANDARD Oil Company is alone ro-
sponsible for the present annual Sud-
ply Of only between eight and nine mil
hon barrels OF oil. This company,
Which has large interests in the Ru-
manian folds, is charged with creating
an artificially decreased production IN
order to keep prices high. Despite this
alleged drawback: a supply of from six
teen to twenty million barrels annually
is promised by 1926
Politically Rumania has the kew
position in Eastern Europe. She has
Frances friendship and protection, due
mainly to the valuable exchange Of
products and her value as the instru
ment Of Frances expanson Of trade
with the Near East. England is in
tenscly interested in Rumanian oil
and,' therefore, unlikely to break
e~o countries. England also looks TO
onC-standing friendship between the
Rumania for valuable Investments not
Only in oil, but timber, which abounds
IN the Pennsylvania Alps. The United
States likewise has commercial inter-
est IN the country.
Bulgaria Displays Signs
OF Political Improvement
WITH Rumania leading the Balkan
teld in progress, there arc also stems
for the better in Bulgaria, hcr neigh
Dor. whose pre-war reputation in Ball
kan socicty-from the STANDPOINT oi
nmiability--lcft SO much to be de-
sired. Economically and financially
rerdinand's domain might be improved.
but politically it Is much like milk and
honey. Bulgaria seems to be wslkine
around the Balkans with due humility
in sackcloth and ashes and holding
armluls Of olive branches at every
crossroad.
bulgarla's main dcsires for rap
prochcment seem to be with the
treaty fattencd states of Greece, Ru-
man'a and the ancient Serbia. Ex-
copt in Bucharest M. StambulisAy
seems to be, finding that the sins Of
former Bulgarian regimes arc not en-.
tirely forgotten. In the mean time he
holds forth the olive branch in due
humility.
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

ber Of the company, and thereafter
thirteen was held to be a lucky and
blessed number.
King Louis XIII Of France. perhaps
because he was the thirteenth king Of
that name, regarded the number with
the greatest possible reverence. He
called himself Luys de Bourbon and
his wife Anna d'Autrichc, for the rea-
son that each of those names contained
Just thirteen lettars. The two we're
married at the age Of thirteen years,
and throughout his reign the king in
variab!y selected the thirteenth de. of
the month for any great enterprise
which he was undertaking. Even on
his deathbed he clung to his belief in
his lucky number. rejoicing that,
since he would have to die before its
arrival. the thiIteenth Of the month
was still many days of.
In the United States, Of all coun-
tries. thirteen should certainly be
freed from sll sinister Significance,
since that number has figured most
strikingiy in its history. and almost
invariably for good. 1t ia, Of course,
the veriest commonplace that there
were at the time of the Revolution
thirteen colonies, which became the
thirteen original states. On this ac-
count the national Aag originally con-
sisted Of thirteen stars and thirtesn
stripes. and the thirteen stripes 70.
main to this day. There arc also thir-
teen letters in the national motto, "E
Pluribus Unum." The eagle portrayed
IN the escutcheon Of the Great Seal has
thirteen feathers in each wing. II was
on June IS, 1873, that France decided
to come to the aid OF America. IL was
on June Is, 1882, that the Great Seal
Of the United States was designed. 1t
was Oh July 10, 1887. that the North
west Territory was organized. It was
on December Is, 1871, that It was de-
cided to make the permanent capital Of
the ration in the District Of Columbia,
and 1t was on October Is. 1902, that
the cornerstone Of the White House
was laid.
The first distinctivcly American dag
displayed in the South was Colonel
Moultrie's at tho capture of Fort
johnson on September IS. 1775. When
the first change was made in the ma
tional cnsign, by increasing the num-
Der OF stars and stripes to fifteen each
TO represent the two new states. of Yer
mont and Kentucky, the act Of Con-
sress was signed by Warrington and
became law on January 10, 1874. It
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

large numbers Of highly trained Ger
man troops into Rumanis. and Mackeu-
sen, together with the Austrians. suc-
ccedcd in making short work Of the Hu-
manian army. With the army out of the
way the Germans made short work Of
the Rumanjsn crops, which Germany
needed desperately. They carried Off
most everything edible and otherwise.
Hut soon after the armistice Humania
sat among her ruins and ordered q
'trainload Of cosmetics! 1t was q cues.
ton at that time with those who wcyc
watching European events whether this
cosmetic idea Of Rumania's was a sipn
of comeback ability or postwar in
difference. 1t proved the former.
During the Austro German cccupax
tion Of the country the Germans re-
paired some Of the burned out oil wells
and profitcd with a small supplv az
Gil. To-day the Rumanians havo rekur-
rectcd large areas of their oil fields.
Another large though delicate poss-
war task fell to tho country in it's need
to absorb population Of about twice
the prc-war normal through the cession
Of new territory granted by the Paris
conference. Rumania acquired Tran
sy'vania, Ecssarabja, the Dobrudja and
corner of Bukoyina. The population
thereby changed its Latin character
for cong'omerstion Of Latin, \Slsv,
Austrian and German, with a sprirElin1
Of near-Oriental. The newly gained
peasantry had to be placatcd and
nurscd away from n tendency toward
bolshcvism. tnde. Austrian rule these
peasants had mostly been the tenantry
OF large estates. The Bucharest gov.
crnmcnt slew the germ Of postwar
discomfort by breaking up the estates
and giving each individual the right
to piece Of land.
National Bank Redeems Money
And Averts Economic Disaster
Tho land division created tenn
porary effect Of monetary depreciation.
In Pennsylvania were found billions of
Austro-Hungarisn crowns, and in Dcs-
sarabia billions more Of Russian ru.
bles. The gorernment took prompt ac.
tlon with this deprecated money. The
Bank Of Bucharest redeemed
the crowns and rubles and evaded
further downward slide which might
have had disastrous economic cona..
quenccs.
When tho Germans left Rumania
they had carried away most all NOV.
able material Of The railways. At the
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08
make against the japanese, and then

make against the Japanese, and then
to give Japan's reply.
But before doing either a knowledge
OF the origin CT the Chinta republic is
essential. After the defeat of the Kol-
chak army in the winter of lo19-1ooo
the rule Of the Omsk government was
overthrown. The Russians Of the Far
East, being isolated from European
Russia, determined to set up a repub-
iic. which was subsequently, recoe-
nizcd by the Soviet government. In
April, 1920, declaration Of indepen-
'dence and the adoption Of a constitu-
tlon were effected. A national assem-
bly,, supposed to be a coalition of COM
munasts, monarchists and conservatives
was selected. Chita, 1900 miles inland.
near Lake Baikal, was selected as the
capital. The republic. extending along
the southern portion of Siberia. in
cludcs about 1000 miles Of the Trans
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

was on September IS. 1913. ths. Kr
wrote THE Star-Spsngled Banner, o.
February Is, 1917, Peter H. Wendcws
took the first step toward securing tAs
act Of Congress fixing the nag ia IL
permanent form, and on April ia. Isis,
the new nag, with the thirteen strips
restored and star for each state, was
first raised By Congress over itsnets-
ing place.
1t IS amusing to recall some hunsr-
Gus utterances OF London rcwspspet,
The Chronicle" upon the first appess-
ance OF a vessel bearing the Stars I'D
Stripes Mt that port after the Revsh-
tionsry War. 1t said:
There is vessel in the harbcf
with very strange flag. Thirteen Il 8
number peculiar 70 the rebels. A party
OF naval prisoners lately returned from
jersey says that the rasions among tAs
rebels are thirteen dried clans dal
The titular Lord Stirling takes thirteen
glasses Of gsog every morning. bss
thirteen run, buncncs or his moss. snd
when he gets drunk makes thirtssn
attempts before he can walk. Sachsn
Schuyler has topknot of thirteen sHK
hairs which erect themselves on the
crown Of his head when he grows mae'
1t takes thirteen Congress paper d.
lars to cqud one shilling sssFl'as' !
Polly Wayne was Just thirtcss hcefS
in srbduing Stony Point, and thirteen
seconds in leaving it. Every vsp'
organized rebel household has tairsssn
children. al of whona expect 70 20
major generals or members of the Css'
gress Of the thirteen United Stssss
when they attain the age Of thirssa
years. Mr.. Washington has thirs'p
teeth in each jaw, and thirteen tees -
each foot, and Mrs. Washington ~
cat with thirteen yellow rings srosa'
his TAIL"
Just why the clumsy humorist ~
crouch against Stirling, Schuyler
Wayne does not appear. 1t is =
that he did not observe that in the ~
nature Geo. Washington" as It g
monty appeared, there were thin
letters.
In the present year the 18th o.
month falls on Friday twice. in ~
AIRY and in October. The date VIII
marked in January by the appear
of seven of the most brilliant stsfs
the meridian at o'clock in the ess
ing, phenomenon sufficient to ses
trologsrs agog, but one from w
they would have a difacuit taSk =
rive IN evil omen.
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

The Secret Of the Old Snos" Is rst
Sherlock Holmes story. Tor motion
picture scenario. I. concerns a science
said by It's creator 70 be exact; which,
Of course. means .hat It is as fragile
as many other sciences.
Its principles are simple. You CO.
put them into practice from tomorrow,
and You will find out that it won't work
when the footwear is completely WON
out. When the shoe is worn away a.
the inner side it denote. that tie
wesrcr lacks self-confdence and i
t'mid, while the wearing of he outsr
side indicates q person who is s:raid
OF nothing and listens to nobody bgt
his own head.
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08
rT< He recurrence this month of
the tyaditionally ominous date.
Friday, the l3th,' raises again

/" He recurrence this month of
the additionally oninous date.
Friday, the l3th," raises again
the question RS to the origin
and explanation Of the superstition
concerning thirteen az an unlucky
number. It is one Of the most wide
spread and persistent Of all supersti-
t'ons, surprising even that about st.
S"'thln's Day, since it is believed by
many to be much older Certain it is
that beliefs in the magical qualities
and powers Of numbers date back to
hoary antiquity, and thirteen is among
the numbers which astYologers and
others took into their reckoning.
The number three probably has been
employed more Than any other in re-
''gIous symbolism, though seven has
also frequently been thus employed
The extraordinary mathematical prop
ertIes IN No. 8, not imaginary, but real,
have been the thcmo Of countless en-.
says. 1t has been reserved for thir.
teen to be imaglnarily invested with
evil qualities, though it has also at
times been regarded as fortunate
number.
The lore Of numbers as devcloped hv
the ancient Chaldesns, Greeks, Eomans
and Jews was intimately connected with
the pseudo-science Of astrolocv and
expresses the mathematical!y com
putcd results or influences Of the laws
Of nature. lr this way some number.
have appeared as the expression Of
divine qualities rs the fixed forms Of
the fundamental laws of creation. For
this reason the Cnostics and Nco-
Platonists attributed to them magical
powers. And it was, as is believed.
thus that tho superstition arose con-
corning the unlucky character Of the
number thirteen. from astronomical
processes as reflected in the traditions
Of the Children Of Israel.
The twelve tribes, it is held, CORE.
sponded with the twelve months Of the
solar year. But in tho lunar year there
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08
kumania, Phoenix of Europe,
Scars Rich Out of War Ashes
Nation: Crushed by German Hordes, Well on Wax
10 be first.Class Power Financially.
Politically and Economically

- IN financial position to-day, backed
by natural resources. TO make h;ds fo~
several billion lei and doubtless find
! willing losnere.
Raises 6,:se.ooo, 600 Lei and
Balances National Budget
The Rumanisn budget before the
war was 6oo,ooo,ooO lei "a lei is cou;ya.
lent to 20 cents). In 1ele-'2o it In
creased TO a,2oo,0oO,0oo lei. with a
deficit Of about :,5oo,ooo.ooo. During
the year just passed the government
raised moro than c,25o,ooo,oo0 Jci and
balanced the national budget, an &C.
complement which no other Europcsn
government has been able to DO exsent
Csecho'Slovakia, whose status is not
the same.
Premier Titulcsee found his couu.
try's economic position harasscd by
great speculation in the lei. He
brought down another European record
Just recently b. measures which stab
'l'sed the eountry's legal tender. Spec
ulators now find Bucharest \ barren
mart
It signs might haye indicated any.
thing Runania should to-day be
houndcring in s!oughs Of economic and
financial despond. The. first shipment
from France to this little country after
the ermistice was q tra;nload OF cos
metics, with well-balanced sssortments
Of fsca powder, nail pol;sh, rouge, cold
cream, !ipsticks, perfumes, eyclash wax
and all the etceteYas.
i. When Rumania decided to throw in
her lot with the Allies after much
hesitation the British. who were on the
spot, promptly blew up all the OF! wells
and painted the sky with red pyro-
technics Of ruin for weeks. 1t was a
magnificent sight and aided the army
TO mobilize and prepare ic slay the
But there was another fca-
tu.e which the Rumanian generals had
not been called upon to figure on. The
Germans sent General Msckensen with
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

About 10000 Japanese troops
occupy the section Of the Trans.
Siberian Rail,co, running north
from FIndirostok to HabarorsL.
Hdbarousk, located on the A,nur
Rirer at a point ,chcre the north
branch Of the Trans.Sibcrian
turns ,ccst,rnrd, mas recently
captured by the nnt;-Bolshevik
forces, said TO hare operated
'rith the aid Of the Japanese
troops
Saghalfn Island is noe ,choiIv
in the hands Of the Japanese.
The southern half ,rns ccded TO
Japan by Russia BY the Treaty
Of Portsmouth,; the northern
half is no,e being held BY Japan
as redress for the massacre of
Japanese troops in NikoiaersE,
on the mainland, in 1920
about 1000 miles Of the ,cest.
er" end Of the Tvuns.Siberion
Raii'rny runs through the heart
Of the elongated Chita repub-
lie. Connections are made .cith
the Chinese Eastern Rnil,cny
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

"The Organization of Saghalin has
reached such a stage that the Japanese
military authorities have issued orders
remaining the streets of Russian cit;es
into Japanese.
SIN orders issued b. the japanese
military authorities iii Saghalin GER
tain regulations have been made in re-
gard to the entry of foreigners into
Saghalin. Russian citizens are treated
as foreigners in this regulation and
their rights are even more restricted
than those II foreigners.
Gas to the fears expressed by the
japanese representatives regarding
propaganda in Corea and the growth
Of discomfort in that country, all these
statements Of the japanese are simply
pretexts for the prolonginc of the oc-
eupaton of the Russian territory so
New-York tribune., 1922-01-08

asations talk, which carries
all sorts Of phrases replete
With tho words poverty. debts, chao,
and bankruptcy. little attention 10 di-
1ceted toward the most prosperous and
promising nation in Europe. II ia Ru,
mania. Though an ally in the grea*
war, Rumauia was not victorious. She
was quickly and ncatiy-thoueh tenn
po.a.ily-wiped of the map. Para
doxes being the mode in Europe jus.
row, Rumsoia's crushing defeat by
Mackensen's Austro- German a1nics
not long after the Allies won her to
their side seems to have been her sal.
v1tion- She is to-day comparatively
the most prosperous Of all the nations
Of Europe, and her future, according
to those who have taken time to pay
her some attention, is as roseate 4s
ary national future.
RumAnia before the war fell cons!d.
aYably snort OF being liatsd - first
class nation. To-day she is we'll on
her way to that distinction politically,
economically and financially.
With territory about doubled by tho
European peace treaty, and popula-
t'>n which has jumped from about
1000, 600 before tho var 20 $4,000 900,
Rumania threatens permanently to dis
ccunt the importance OF Russia 40 the
syansry Of Europe. Last year she pro-
duced between 100000 and e,ooo, 900
barrels Of crude oil and became a fac
tor in the European oil market. Next
ycsr she will produce more wheat and
more oil and will have improved her
.ailroads-already improved sufficiently
to handle existing products-to the
point OF handling increased output.
Rumania stepped into the financia!
iinelisht Of Europe the other day by
100000 francs from Swift |
ses1sal She viii pay it back in wheat |
NJ fsedssu6s. However, the country