davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
L. :. Air Service Ins.aIIs
High Powered Radiophout

One of the most powerful radio
phono transmitting stations in the
country has just been installed at
Mathcr Field, Sacramento, Calf. by
the United States Army Air Service.
The acrials for this station arc sup
ported on two 80-foot steel towers.
The set has normal transmitting
range Of $50 miles for radio telephone
purposes during daylight.
Used for the purpose Of radio-t tclcg
raphy the powerful set has normal
transmitting range Of 1850 miles and
is to be used in connection with long
distance communication with sirplanes
The apparatus is part Of the genera,
United States navy transmitting equip
ment using vacuum tubes throughout
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
NNHA The Tribune Rado-News of the Air Routes ~

tcct tho general public, among them
the following:
at is recommended that direct adqer-
Using in radio broadcasting service be
not permitted, and that indirect adVert's-
irg be limited to a statement Of the
call letters of the station and Of the
name Of the concern responsible for
the matter broadcasted, subject to such
regulations as the Secretary Of Com
mcrce may impose.
"Whcn all available wave bands in
any geographical region are already as
signed, no further licenses for broad
casting be granted in that region unless
cause arises for the revocation Of exist
ing licenses
Time Signals Protected
III. is recommended that the trans
mission OF signals of such character or
wave length az deliberately to inter
fcrc with the reception Of official time
signals constitutes grounds for thc
revocation of The Transmitting license
tuucI TIC nfUulHG u JcuuCbAob ~
interference tho committee recon-
mends that the Bureau Of Standards
make q study Of the situation and pub
lish findings as to the best technical
methods to utilize for the purpose of
cutting down interference. Particular
emphasis is laid upon the following:
The reduction OF the rate OF building
up of oscillations in radiating systems;
the reduction of harmonics in contin-
uous wave transmittcrs and Of irreg-
ularities Of oscillation; the preferable
methods Of telephone modulation to
avoid changes in the frequency Of os-
citation; the use OF highly sclcctiyc
receiving apparatus, including list Of
approved forms; the use OF receiving
coil (loop) acrials instead Of antenna,
with special reference to high selectiv-
ity, and the reduction of interference
with radio communication OF other
electrical processes, such as the opera
ton Of X-ray apparatus and electrical
precipitation.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19

study OF the fundamental action Of The
audion and read all the literature on
the subject.
Some time during this period he
connected condenser across the tcle-
phone OF simple audion receiving
system and noticed that on some bulbs
an increase IN signal strength would
result. 1t is important at this point
TO realize that Armstrong is remark
ably clear thinker. His modest de-
mcanor bellies his extraordinary abil-
ity. His achievement was not the
result Of an accident but the consunl-
nation Of q thoughtful and imaginative
mind. Step By step he proceeded with
study and expcrimcntaton from the
summer Of 1912 until the fall of that
year. The apparatuo that he used is
in evidence
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19

future result in some revolutionary
changes Of vast importance.
In this case, as in practically The
case OF every other important inven-
ton said Professor Pupin, at is the
student who produces the original idea
and not the research laborato tories of
/ the big corporations. The latter do
some very wonderful and important
work, especially in refinement and de-
velopment of inventions, but the con-
d;tions of efficiency under which they
work hamper their originality
"You can't get man like Armstrous
to punch a clock. In fact, know that
he was fred once 10, refusing 10 punch
a clock-but took him in at Colum-
b;a"
Armstrong laughed and then ox
ell med;
"oh. well, I've just got one more
thing to put over, and then I'm going
over TO Paree for rest"
Nothing would induce Armstrong to
tell what the "one more thing was,
but his friends hint that it is some
thing that will revolutionize radio
broadcast reception and make loud
speaking possible almost over any dis
tance.
When this has been accomplished
"Feed-back' Armstrong will rest on
giis radio laurels
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
The Feed-Back Is Greatest
OF ALI Wonders of Radio
Conducted by

lnductance OF the capacity. OF both VIC
can produce any period OF oscillation
between few periods per second and
many millions per second, and the oscil-
lation once established maintains its
pitch indefinitely
1t is a generator Of electrical oscil-
lations, maintaining its pitch with a
degree of accuracy never before oh
tanned by any apparatus constructed by
man.
The Importance Of the feed bscl, cir
cult in the reception Of wireless sig
mails and the Importance of the cleo
trical oscillator, not only in wireless
telegraphy but also in wire telography
and other departments of applied elcc-
trlclty. cannot be ovcrestimated
Worked at Columbia
1t is admitted by those skilled in the
wireless art that the ordinary electro
magnetic generator of high power will
before long be superseded by the
vacuum tube oscillator. which also Will
ptIHS SoOul more or less reconstruct
ton OF wireless transmitting stations
! am particularly pleased that this de-
cision gives the credit for the inven
tion to a man who is former student
OF mine and 4 student Of Columbia
University. and who has made 3 deal
Of his work in the Marccl!ug Hartley
Research Laboratory Of Columbia Uni
versity.
1t goes without saying that long dis
tarce radio communication and radio
phone brosdcastng would be impossi-
bic without this invention
] am perfectly astonished, after read
ine the opinion, at the wonderfully
clear scientific analysis which the court
exhibits in this decision
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
Advertisi,lsBan
Placed ON Radio
Phone Service
Hoover Conference Sells
Strict Limits on Matter
That May BE Broadcastcd
and Operating Licenses
Fixes Power Limitation
Range for Different Types
Of Stations Laid Down;
Plan Prevents Confusion

The Radio Telephone Conference,
which was appointed by secrcstHrry Of
Commerce Herbert Hoover to. devise
rules and regulations to govern the
ether has put forward three sctsSof
important regulations in addition TO
those governing tho wavc-lcneths to
be used By transmitting statioss. The
sdditonals regulations refer to power
limitation Of broadcastipg stations, the
granting OF licenses to operate such
stations and steps 10 be taken in re-
ducing interference in the ether. No
direct advertising will be permitted
at any radiophone broadcastng station.
The table of wave lengths advised
by tho committee WAS published in last
Sundays Tribune Radio.
Additional Regulations
Under the heading OF power limjta-
ton tho committee recommends that
the Secretary .f Commerce assign TO
each radio telephone broadcastinG sta
ton a permissible power based on the
normal range Of the station, "such
normal range for the different classes
of service to have tho following aver
age values, larger or smaller values
being discretionary where conditions
warrant:
"Govcrnmcnt broadcasting stations,
500 land miles Public broadcasting
stations, $50 miles. Private and toll
broadcastine stations, fifty miles
The committee then recommends that
the same wavc-lcngth be not assigned
to stations within the following dis
tanccs from one another (eXcept that
these distances may be lowered if the
normal ranges Of the stations arc cor
respondingly lowered):
"Govcrnment broadcastlng stations,
800 miles; public broadcasting sta
tions, 750 miles, toll and private and
broadcastng stations, $50 miles
Calls for Geographic Survey
Another important recommendation
is as follows: "The Secretary Of Com
merce shall cause an immediate study
to be made Of the best geographical
distribution of broadcasting stations
with the view of attaining the best
service with a minimum Of intcrfcr-
ence."
The final recommendation under this
heading is as follows: at Is recon-
mendcd that in cases where congestion
of radio telephone broadcasting traffic
exists, OF threatens to exist, the Sec
retary Of Commerce assign suitable
hours of operation to existing or pro
posed private and toll broadcasting
stations.''
Under the subject of granting hcen-
ses the committee makes several I'M
portant suggestions designed to pro-
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
De Forest Without Records

II De Forest in 1912 or 1913 in
vented the feed-bach circuit the obvious
financial reward in store for him would
have induced him, notwithstanding al
his difficulties, to do one Of two
things: First, that which Arm stron G
did-that is, in some way make & clear
memorandum and have somebody know
about it. or, second, file an application
for patent in the same way that dur
Ing the period concerned he filed many
other applications
Armstrong wins his be.ated recogni-
tion in the decision of the Circuit Court
o. Appeals, written BY Judge Martin r.
Manton ard concurred in by Judges
Henry ". Rogers and John G. Knox,
after one o. the most persistent
struggles against terrific odds mag
Enable. He first conceived the idea OF
III. patent while still q student during
some experiments in his home in
Yonkers. He tried to get financial
support from his own family. but
failed.
At this time the attention of Pro-
lessor Michael 7. pupin, Of Columbia
University. was attracted TO Arm rong
and the professor took him into the
Marcellus Hartley laboratories, where
the youth was sble to continue his ex-
perimentation under better conditions
In connection with mis- attempt to
obtain financial aid, Judge Mayer in his
opinion wrote:
Began Experiments at Fifteen
This case is another contribution
- lie xouszce which had so often
characterized the history Of forward
inventions. Armstrong was graduated
al about twenty-five years Of age fron :
Columbia University in June. 1919, as
an electrical engineer. AS a boy Of .
fifteen he became interested in radio [
and erected radio station at his
home. He obtained HIS first vacuum
tube detector, a so-callsd Fleming valve.
n 1908 from Charles Z. Underniii.
Later, about 1910 or 1911 he obtained
so-called De Forest audion, or three
.!ectrode vacuum tube detector. In
ne spring Of 1912 he began close I
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
Radio at Legion Post

M-. David Sarnof, vice-presidont
and general manager of the Radio Cor
poration of America viii deliver an ad
dress on RadioTelephony at the next
regular meeting OF Riverside Post II,
American Legion. The meeting will be
held Tuesday evening, March 81, in the
Cafe Savarin, 12o Broadway, and will
be preceded by a dinner dance. All
radio fans are invited.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
Student Victor
sn Radio Fight,
DesPiteBigOdds
Denied Financial Help for
Invention Making Broad.
casting Possible, Arm
strong Was Undaunted
Romance in Science
Columbia Graduate Wins
Praise of Court for His
Struggle for Recognition

Struggle for Recognition
By a strange coincidence one OF the
most remarkable decisions in patcn;
litigation ever recorded wa. handed
down last week By the United States
District Court OF Appeals in the case
OF the Armstrong Radio Circuit. The
decision came just at the moment when
the latest application OF the circuit
resulted IN the development Of a scrv-
ice which has grippcd the public en-
thusissm ard taken the country By
storm.
It is the ultimate outcome OF one OF
trc mos. romantic stories OF scientific
achievement ever told, and it comes at
a moment OF utmost Importance TO the
radio world. It Will not only hav. a
fsr-reachns effect upon all forms cf
radio communication, but also will pro
5oundly affect every industry in which
An electrical oscillator may be used in
the future.
Stripped Of It's legal and technical
vcrbisgo, tho decision Of the court,
which is hual, means that no trans-At-
lsntic telephone conversation can be
carried on without the Armstrong prin-
ciplc, nor can any Of the big radio
phone broadcasting stations now send
ing music nightly through the ether
operate without using the Armstrong
patent. Even the modern multiplex
forms of wire telcgraphy and telephony
must use the Armstrong method
Made Broadcasting Possible
The decision Of the court is ver5
broad. 1t confirms Armstrong in his
Patent and recognizes the fact that he
conceived the idea which revolutionized
radio and made broadcasting possible
40 early as January 81, 1912, and in
this confirms the sweeping decision
previously handed down by Federal
Judge julius NJ. Mayer.
Even in the erudite language Of the
lstter's opinion. the romantic side OF
the dispute, which has been waged in
the courts several years, overcame the
technical side of the case, and Judge
Mayer IN these words sums up the stu
alton between Edwin II. Armstrong,
crc Of the most famous OF American
amateurs. and DR.. Lee De Forest, the
radio inventor, who vas defendant:
con the one side is an enthusiastic,
saydie young student - Feed
Back Armstrong but one thought
possessing him. He not only discloses
to many persons his belief that he has
invented something worth while, but
ne produces mis- apparatus and he pro-
Guces sketch which IS extraordinary
To- its clear and unmistakable descrip-
ton to ore skilled in the art, and the
date o. that sketch is incontrovertibly ly
f:ed
"Or The other side !. then expert
onccd ard able worker in thc art ex-
ri'Eei.ting along certain lines. who is
uaabl- to rely on notebook entries
mich are not clear but reauir. CON
s.ruing. AID who supplements these
entries by recollection which IS 'a,i-
BE and not certain.
New-York tribune., 1922-03-19
By Professor Michael I. Pupin

BY Professor Michael |. Pupin
Director Marcellus Hortley Research
Laboratory. Columbia University
In this article Professor Pupim out
Nnes the Armstrong patent decision, the
most important rendered in the radio
field IN gears. Il. II. armstrong aras q
pupil OF Professor Pupin dnd perfected
his jnuention IN the NdrceMus HARTLEY
Research Loboratorg.)
This decision refers to one Of the
most important inventions. if not the
most important, in the wireless art.
1t is the invention Of employing in
connection with an audion a coupling
which enables a local battery 10 CON
tribute its energy to the amplifcation
OF signal received in a wireless sta
ton The contribution obtained in this
manner from the local battery or the
local source Of energy may be made
as large rs We please within certain
definite limits. Armstrong was the
first to employ this coupling. OF. as if
Is called, the Arm strong feed back cir-
cult" and he did it while lie was still
an undergraduate at Columbia rni-
Versitr
Oscillator Next Step
The invention enabled him to make
another most important step in wire
less teiegraphy and that is the con-
struction Of vacuum tube oscillator.
When the feed back circuit cncrgized by
the local source contributes more than
certain definite amount then the sys-
tenn Of circuits becomes an electrical
oscillator, oscilIating al The perfectly
definite period which depends upon the
lnductance and the capacity of The con-
trolling circuit. BY varying either the
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
59TH BIRTHDAY
CELEBRATED BY
LLOYD GEORGE

London, Jan. II (by the AS
ISOLATED Press - Pr mier
Lloyd George today celebrated
his fifty-ninth birthday. He
was inundated with congratuIa-
tions, bu, spent most of the day
preparing a speech for deliv-
cry Saturday before n coalition
liberal conference, when he is
expected to make a party pro-
nounCement.
A week ago 1t was assumed
this would take the form of
announcing the dissolution of
parliament in February, but
the pollt:ca: experts now for
the most part agree that the
fall of the BRAND cabinet, en-
failing disarrangement of the
results hoped for from the
Cannes meeting has induced
the premier to abandon his
idea of early elections.
Nevertheless, party activity
this week is at white heat. The
unionist revolt against the pre-
mier Is unabated, in the de-
termination to oppose elections
until the power of veto has
been restoreS 10 the house of
lords.
A large meeting of the So
called uniOnist reconstruction-
lists today unanimously adopted
resolution to this effect.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
OFFICERS OF ROYAL
HIGHLANDERS FOUND
GUILTY OF CONTEMPT
(By The Associated press.l

Lincoln, Neb,, Jan. Nv. E.
Sharp and f. j, Sharp, respectively
president and chief secretary Of
the Royal Highlanders in Ne
braska, were found guilty of con-
tempt of court for alleged violation
Of the courts order of last Novem-
Der 81, in an opinion handed down
today by District Judge Fred Shop
herd.
The court order in question dealt
with the table of rates of the or
ganization adopted at Denver in
October, 1919. which was perma-
nently enioined. Both men were
fined $500, to be paid within a
year.
The opinion adds that the men
may purge themselves of contempt
and have their fines RENTED If
the organization paper, in three
successive issues carries a state
ment that by the holding Of the
court the collections of rates made
in Nebraska from November 81,
1921, to December q, 1921, were
unauthorized as to the excess over
certification rates and will be re-
turned If personally demanded by
those who paid them.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18

the nine powers collectively would
authorize establishment of a board
Of reference to review present and
future concessions to determine
whether they conflict with the
open door thus defined.
Except for another inconclu-
sive session of the Shantung nego-
tiations and informal exchanges
among the Big Five" regarding
the Pacific Notifications agree
ment, the meeting of the Far
Eastern committee constituted the
total of conference activities. At
the Shantung conversations the
questions of mines was discussed
with no apparent progress and
the Notifications problem remain
ed unsolved tonight despite re-
ceipt by the japanese Of partial
instructions from Toxic.
1t was around the proposal for
an inquiry into concessions now
established in China, as we'll as
those proposed in the future, that
most of the debate In the Far
Eastern committee Centered. BY
some delegates it was understood
such an inquiry might open up
the whole question of japanese
holdings in Manchuria, while in
other quarters it was suggested
that the resolution might, by in
direction. lead to a review by the
board of the famous "twenty-one
demands" controversy.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
IDLE: CAPITAL IS
Seeking OUTLET
THROUGH \. !
tBv The Associated Prcss.)

New York, Jan. 1.-THE enor-
nous sums OF idle capital seeking
investment channels through this
market are evidenced not only by
lower rates for call and time funds
but more especially by the many
actual and prospective domestic
and foreign undertakings.
1t was stated today that since
the beginning Of the new year the
bond market has shown such pro-
nounced recovery as to enable the
CLOSING out of a number of bank
ing syndcates which had long
been hanging fire.
Today's bond market was strong
proof Of the confidence shown by
! investors, the new Southern Rail-
way $40, 100000 bond issue being
| largely oversubscrlbed before any
public offering was made.
Among new foreign issues was
one of an international banking
house actively identified with
French municipal offerings during
the war, which announced the vir-
tual completion Of a s25,000,00O
bond loan to the department OF
Seine. France.
| Local bankers also closed nego-
/ tiations for two Canadian provin-
cial loans aggregating 100000
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
MONGOLIA PRESENTS
BANNER 70 TROTZKY
tDy The Associated Prcss.)

MOSCOW, Jan. II tby the Asso-
ciated Press. )--Leon Trotzky, SO.
Wet minister of war addressing q
meeting today for the bettermen
Of the Red army, discussed the in.
ternational situation and alluded
to the prospective internationa
economic conference.
He said the resignation Of the
BRAND cabinet might resu ~
another attempt by France to d.
feat soviet Russia, but on tn
other hand France might len
herself to an agreement for Re
building Russia in order to pre-
vent England from getting tn,
supremacy there.
Representatives of the Mon,
gollan republic presented Trotzk>
with a banner in recognition o
the assistance of the soviet army
Many Chinese, Japanese, Mon
golians and others from the
orient were present.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
PACIFIC FORTS
PROBLEM Still.
To Be SETTLED
Proposal to Redefine the
Open Door Policy in China
Debated, But No DeCiS-
ion Is Arrived AT.

Washington, Jan. II (by the
Associated Press Am American
proposal to redefine the open door
policy in China and create an in
ternational board TO examine both
existing and future concessions
which appear to conflict with it,
was debated without decision to-
day by the far eastern committee
Of the Washington conference.
The British and Italians accept
ed the plan in principle, but the
French withheld assent to some
of it's provisions and the Japan
ese reserved judgment pending
communication with Toxic. The
subject will be taken up again
tomorrow with all signs pointing
to a long and interesting discus
sion.
The American resolution would
bind the United States. Great
Britain, Japan, France, Italy
Belgian, Portugal and Holland
not to seek special spheres of in
fluence in China nor secure con-
cessions or monopolies which
would abridge the principle Of
equal economic and commercial
opportunity.
China would agree to cooperate
in maintaining that equality, and
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
CONSTRUCTION BEING
RETARDED BY PRICE
FIXING, ASSERTION

Cleveland, O., Jan. 17.--Charges
that general construction is be-
ing held up by collusive price fix
ing in building materials were made
by F. l.. Crawford, former director
of the nitrasc plant at Muscle
Shoals at today's session Of the AS
scclated General Constructors of
America.
During a 2o,coo-mile trip around
America investigating construction
conditions, Mr.. Crawford said, labor
In all but two localities was 70 md
to be back at pre-war efficiency.
ION the other hand SO per cent Of
our inquiries brough the answer
that building materials were too
high" he said. "The most abusive
high prices are IN lines We're there
are national assc Citations that meet
behind closed doors. There Is no
economic reason, generally speak
ing, why prices should not come
down."
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
SCHO0LB0YS OF PARIS
SPECULATE IN MONEY
OF FOREIGN NATIONS

Paris, Jan. 17--Even the school
boys of Paris now speculate in
money of foreign countries. The
fever which has prompted French
people of all classes to invest THEN
francs in German marks, recently
led a 12-year- old boy to one OF
the large Paris banks where h
asked for "a francs worth of Ger
man money"
The clerk was amazed at th5
youthful request and stuck hi.
head out of the cage so that he
might better see the boy who's
head scarcely reached the window
ledge. The child continued. as
though seeking advice: Perhaps
it would be better If I bough;
Hungarian money. I read in the
paper this morning that marks
had gone up but Hungarian money
hadn't, but Hungary has lots OF
corn and think her money will go
up soon, don't you?"
The clerk told the child the
bank did not transact business on
such a limited scale, and advised
him to invest his franc in candy.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-01-18
FRANCE IS INVITED
TO GENOA CONFERENCE

Paris, Jan. II (by the Assoc
ciated Press Am official Invita-
ton to France to attend the
Genoa economic conference was
received today from Premier
Bonomi of Italy, who was
charged by the supreme council
with issuing invitations. For the
moment the invitation had been
placed on the table to await the
first appearance of the cabinet of
M. Poincare before the chamber
of deputies.
Men in political life close to
the new government say France
will not reply until the United
States has informed Signor Bon
omi whether the United States
will be represented and that
France will be guided by the ac-
ton of America.