davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
Price Considerations

These fats vary in price all the
way from 81 to 20 cents for butter
at the present writing. TO 10 to 26
cents for lard, with oleo al from 33
to 20 cents. and the hydrogcnated
fats about 20 cents.
Il is nice matter, therefore, to
balance the special services and
qualities lhat these different fats Of
fer against the price charged and to
make use of them all to The best
advantage.
We suggest butter for the break
fast table, for soups and seasonings
and sauces. for the children's bread
and fol your cnoice company pound
cake when the last word il quality
and flavor is desired. The cost is
twice that of oleo and three times
that Of vegetable fats ard lard.
Oeo for cooking and shortening,
mixed with lard or vegetable fats
fox adult use O. older children as q
butter substitute when econ my
presses; fer saut6ing in the place of
butter.
Lard for some sauteing and
shortening, biscuits, pie crust, etc.
even if inc price slightly exceeds
that Of a vegetable fat, but not if
the difference is great.
Crisco, Snowdrift ct al for all
deep fat frying, most sautein9 tex
cept whore butter flavor is desired)
and for plain biscuit, favored cakes,
etc, for everyday use, because of
their especial economy, keeping
qualities and wide serviceability,
the cost being on an average the
lowest of all, though d medium grade
Of lard may be as cheap, or even
cheaper at times.
1t certainly pays q woman to shop
for her cooking fats. At this Writ
ing we had quoted to US prices for
lard varying from 10 cents for bulk
leaf lard in a chain store 10 13 cents
in g pail in an average grocery, ana
on to 23 and 26 cents for delicates-
sen and high class store products,
carrying a heavier overhead Once
again, note how big part distrjbu-
ton costs play in the price Of your
foods. Know what you want and
why; then you can buy with due re
gard to quality, price and special
uses.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

share of preference All were good.
No one pastry stood out markedly
above all others, though one or two
dld difterentiate in flavor in favor of
the animal fats (butter, lard and
oleo).
To use butter as part of the fat
gives distinctive taste, but is not
in the least necessary, for deli
clous, rich pie crust can be made
without it. But to use pastry flour
instead Of bread flour does make a
great difference. The gluten in the
latter, so necessary for bread, is not
desirable for pastry. The starchy
pastry -four made from the soft win
ter wheat gives more tender tex
ture.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

less time than another fried at 365,
and was trhe better, since the fat
had less time to soak in. After fry
ing twelve doughnrt4 tha Cri-co W.
still light in color.
Doughnuts and sweet potatoes
were both fried in pure leaf lard at
temperatures ranging from 365 10
$50 degrees +. The doughnuts were
found to cook thoroughly at 365 de
grees f., but the higher temperature
gave thoroughly cooked product in
less time. Three hundred and seven
ty degrees I. was found to be very
satisfactory temperature at which TO
fry croqucttes made Of cooked ma
terlal. Using even these tempcra-
lures, however. the lard was dark at
the end Of the frying, whereas the
Crisco and Snowdrift remained
white, as stated above.
The breaking down Of the fats
themselves is one point in digestbil-
ity, but the most important point is
undoubtedly that produced on the
foods cooked and the amount Of fat
absorbed. Therefore, the vegetable
fats, which can be brought to some
what higher temperatures without
breaking down, thus Fastening the
time needed for thorough cooking,
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

as the only varying factor, the two
vegetable fats, lard and butter, be-
ing used. Three tablespoonfuls of
fat to the cupful of flour We're used,
and though the amounts of water in
the different fats vary from 16 per
cent to 10 per cent in butter and
oleo to practically none in the lard
and vegetable substitutes, this does
not notably affect amounts used in
domestic recipes, as far as we can
determine.
There were slight differences in
the finished pastries, but when
judged by half dozen tasters (the
pies being marked only "Exhibits /,
2, 49, so that no bias could be
ascribcd), each one came in for it's
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
OF Cooking Fats How and When to Use Them

nutritious treferring to spec;a, mn,
'r'''0n' not to ealoric or heat valued
and most agreeably favored Of tb..
edible fats when it is fresh and
good. On the other hand. it is tbo
highest priced; it is utterly unfit for
deep frying owing to its low hurn
ing point: and it is so highly fla
vored that it can we'll be combined
with other, blander fats for many
shortening purposes, 1t is first
Ct olce for the table, last choice fo..
deep frying ard of special available
'ty for shortening and sautcjnp
when quality, with 10 regard t.
price. is required.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
gneciuI Chdruc-
feriSticS an d
:)uoIities of Each
determine Time
md Place and
the A M o un t
That Is Needed
>. luue L. Pierce, Director, and
rp.,suce VI. Lee, Domestic Scientist,
Tribune Institute

~ THE olden days there were
butter ard lard for table and
i cooking; then came oseon441As..
-4-s for both uses and finally the
.ol;d;fed cottonseed oil products,
,,ade by q special process. In the
mt butter or margarines g vege-
able nut fat, generally cocoanut, has
-eulaced the animal fat of the orig
;,al "o,eo." (Thc latter class Of
,s.s has already been discussed aud
!. reserved for more detailed study
!a.er.)
Every one Of these products has
IS OWL special characteristics and
axcellences, though they can be used
;nterchangeably in many cases; but
the Discriminating housekeeper
ants to know which fat TO use for
purpose, having due regard to
a,ity and economy. 50 many
contradictory statements have been
made that it is worth while perhaps
70 20 back TO definitions and work
our way out to practice, These are
he leading points TO keep in mind:
Butter
Butter is the highest grade, most
Tested and endorsed by The T7g6i1ne
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
What Cooking Fats Will You Use
For Cakes Biscuit and Plecrust?

and a crust that was very thin and
well Drowned.
TIE cake made Of cleo had
lnv-~ porous crumb, q decided
crust, and was caramelized, harder
and more chevy. The cakes made
of the vegetable fat had crust be-
tween that Of the butter and the
oleo.
Snoworift, by the Way, is {. softer
fat than Crisco and melts more
gradually, owing to the fact that not
all Of the cottonseed oil used is
especially treated by the hydrogen
process, some is added as such, and
so a softer product results.
In the delicate cake, the pound
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
Dleonlargarinc

The animal margarine is the onlv
one considered here (the vegetable
on nut buffers are sometimes com
fused with these>. The oloos are
made from beef fat or leaf lard
churncd with milk to give it flavor
and sometimes 7 or 8 per cent Of
butter is churned in with the mass.
These are excellent products for
pastry and cakes, though butter
gives little finer grain and flavor
where plain products are being
made. But for highly favored cakes
and pastries such refinements would
be largely lost and hardly worth the
price paid.
Even for the table, with good
judgment (serving it With cold
breads for luncheon and dinner
rather than for breakfast with hot
biscuits and cakes it is very salts
factory. 1t is somewhat less d.
gestible made from beef fat than
IS butter. 1t has less vitamino value
and so is less suitable for Young
children on q restricted diet. though
If ample milk, Vegetables and
fruit are used this would be cor
rected. For adults this point is less
important, because their growing
days arc done and their range of
food is wider.
Oleo contains less water than but
ter, is more concentrated fat; il
keeps better, and poor, rancid but
ter IS inferior to a first class oloo.
We have known experts who could
not distinguish between them on a
blind test. The bad reputation Of
oleo was won in the past, when ii
masqueraded as q butter and butter
prices were paid for it. IN itself
It IS wholesome, economical substi.
tUte for butter, both on the table
and IN cooking (the latter especial
ly). When honestly SOLD at half
the price of butter it is a good buy
for the kitchen especially and for
the table Incidentally.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

HOW is woman to know what
fats to buy for different pur-
poses? With this question in mind
the Institute made a number Of
comparative tests on shortening,
deep fat frying and sauteing, using
butter, lard, oleo and cottonseed
oil fats.
Cakes
In simple cup cakes when made
by the same recipes and under
identical conditions, but using diff
ferent fats, experienced food
tasters differed in their opinions as
to which they preferred. The but
ter cake had a finer, closer crumb,
very slight difference in flavor
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
Deep Fat Frying of Doughnuts and
Croquettes Involves Other Problems

SINCE the temperatures at which
foods are fried vary from 365 to
800 degrees Fahrenheit, the vegetable
fats are all especially superior for
deep frying, because they can stand
higher temperatures than animal
fats before browning or breaking
down. They can be used many times
if care is taken not to let the food
burn and if the fat is carefully
strained through chcesecloth after
using and then stored in cool place.
Fer sauteing the food is only half
submerged in hot fat, and when
brown on one side is turned to the
other. There is seldom much fat re-
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

lHE biggest 3 R'sin
a child's life are
RALSTON
RUGGED
ROBUST.
Give the younsster
Ralston
every morning
tor breakfast and
he will be
rugged and robust.
Hsalston is whole wheat,
full Of vitarnines.
and bone and muscle
guiding y; elements.
Snildren = need these
Whole wheat elements
Just as they need
res ffesh air ndSslsep. .,,...,,
Nut down on&enn
az snd you stjks at
p",N. !nsir hesl% =
Halston-whole wheat
gives whole
Punishment and
tastes mighty good, too.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

the fact that they can also be used
as shortening il pie crust and in
cakes, with only slight loss or vari-
alton in quality. gives these vege-
table fats vide and economic APP
peal. and also great convenience
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
The Plan Of Work

THESE PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED
4 TO A CHEMICAL TEST AND SHOWN TO BE OF
EXCELLENT QUALITY AND FREE FROM
ADULTERATION. COOKING TESTS in THE INSTi-
TUTE LABORATORY HAVE BEEN MADE TO DE
TERMiNE THEIR EDlBILITY AND ADAPTATION TO
SPECIAL USES.
THE RESULTS OBTAINED ARE REPORTED IN
PART ON THIS PAGE, AND AMY FURTHER INrOR
NATION DESIRED MAY BE OBTAINED BY APPLI
CATION TO THE INSTITUTE.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
troguct'es

croquettes were also fried, and
$40 degrees +. was found 10 be
satisfactory temperature. The hot
fat should be deep enough in The ket-
tie TO cover the croquettes. Four
were placed in the wire basket and
then lowered into the fat. In abou.
three minutes, when the croquettes
were light brown, the basket was
raised, drained for minute or two
and the croquettes removed to brown
paper.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05
Butter Animal
OleOs and Cot
fOnSeed q ] /
Products Dis
cussed With Re-
lutiOn to Their
Table and Kitch-
en- Usefulness

have an advantage over the anima.
fats for this purpose.
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

naming after this process. Butter
IS often used for flavor, as when
mushrooms are sauted. Leftover
vegetables are delicious when
Drowned in butter, after the Italian
manner. Lard is also good for shall
low frying, especially with fish, po-
tatoes, etc.
Tests were made in the Institutes
cooking laboratory TO determine the
best temperature at which to fry in
deep fat. Doughnuts were fried at
800, $40, $50 and 800 degrees T.
in Crisco. taking careful time
readings. One cake fried at 300 de-
grees +. was thoroughly cooked on
the inside in 1 minute 20 seconds
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

Tested and endorsed by The T7g6i1ue
Institute
New-York tribune., 1922-02-05

Butter is the highest grade. most
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
MRS. MARY GENovEsE AND
HER INFANT CHILD BURIED

The funeral of Mrs. Mary Gen.
ovese, 17.year.old wife OF Enrico
Genovese. and her infant child,
both of whose deaths occurred as
a result OF poisonous gas, was
held this morning at 1890 O'Clock
from the Italian Catholic Church
on Robinson street. The bodies, in
one casket, were taken from tho
home Of the formers father, Frank
Mart on Robinson street to thu
church for the services. w
A large number Of friends and
relatives were present for the ser.
vices, and the bodies were buried
in Holy Cross Cemetery by R. G..
Jones
The funeral procession, headed
by a brass band and large mum.
Der OF members OF a fraternal or.
gani2ation OF which the husband
and father OF the deceased was 4
member. a motor truck filled with
beautiful flowers and many auto.
mobiles attracted much attention as
It slowly winded its way through
the city to the Holy Cross Cema.
terry, where the burial was made.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
WILLARDIOPHOEDS
RAILROAD BOARD
President of 3. & o. Questions
Whether Change Would Be
Better Plan Now.

NEW YORK, Dec. IA. - Daniel
Willard, president Of the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad, in an address be-
fore the Advertising Club OF New
York today, declared he believed II
would be a serious mistake to
amend the Transportation Act Of
1920 at this time.
1.-THE President in his recent ad.
dress to Congress-" he said, "sus-
gested some changes In the labor
provisions Of the Transportation
Act, In short he seemed to recon-.
mend that the Labor Board be alb.
sorbed by the Interstate Commerce
Commission and that its headquar-
ters be moved from Chicago 10
Washington. 1 nave no doubt thas
such plan as the President sug.
gests might work better than the
present plan has worked. see
nothing Inherent in the proposed
change however to guarantee that
It will work any better than the
present plan.
"If the present plan has not
brought all that was expected from
II in the way Of results, It has, IN
my opinion, accomplished a great
deal. +
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
marine. SUBSIDY
ATTACKEDTODAY
BY. LA Toilette
Wisconsin Senator Denounces
Bill and Criticlses Hard
ling and Sponsors.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 14.-open-
ing the attack Of the progressive
bloc against the Administrations
shipping Bill Senator La Toilette,
Republican, Wisconsin. declared in
the Senate today hat the measure
us contrary TO the expressed will
Of the American people and that
the action OF tho President and
Its sponsors in attempting to force
It's passage at this time Is an OPP
en- challenge to the people and a
violation OF the trust reposed by
the people In their delegated re-
representatives."
He denounced the bill In bitter
terms, critized the President and
Chairman Laskar Of tie shipping
board in sharp language, challeng-
ed the arguments made by the exc
cutive in his message to Congress
urging enactment Of the legisIa-
tion and charged Mr.. Laskar with
having made "a highly improper
proposal, in older to obtain the
support Of organized labor"
~ do not believe that a worse
bill than this ever came before the
Senate Of the United States for its
consideration" he asserted. at re-
presents q policy that has been re-
peatedly, rejected by the people
OF this country. The public opinion
of the country Is Overwhelmingly
opposed to It today.
at simply means turning over
the peoples property to favored In
terests for a few cents on the dol
lar and a tax of millions Of dollars
levied anhuaIC in order to pay a
subsidy to those, who take the
ships practically as a gift. It
means millions Of dollars Of tax
refunds to the shipping interests.
Ut proposes to destroy our army
and navy transports and turn this
great agency OF potential defense
over to private ownership. 1t does
not guarantee the building OF a
single new ship OF. the ,mainten-
ance OF, those we have. It is wholly
bad, and the attempt to force 1t
upon an unwilling country cannot
he too strongly condemned. The
senator enumerated q long list Sof
ffaffjtnte u ia II bot orr MIA Ions OPP
posing the bilt5 and declared ne
was prepared to max the be-
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14

0UTDEFENDANTS
/. IN HERR|N TRIAL
Dramatic Scene Created by
Act Of, Truck Driver Who
Saw Death Procession.

MARION, Ill, Dec. 14-CBy the
Associated Press)-Betore a
hushed and crowded courtroom
three witnesses in the trial of five
men for murder, in connection
with Herrin riots, testified today
that they had seen a mob of sew
eral hundred persons driving six
prisoners before them through the
little mining town on the morning
of June %.
One Of these Witnesses, Law
renee Beare. a truck driver Of
Herrin, dramatically pointed out
from the stand Joe CarAeghi, q
defendant, as a member OF tho
mob whom he sad seen carrying
a pistol. Another witness n. P.
Poole, DECLARED he had seen IIeya
AIann also Il az tehdan and Grey
HAii, i resident ot aertit WHO iis
mot aniong the d sfendant Is in the
present ease among the ar1n6d
niarchefsi Iss, .$ 7, W.
j Mr.. Poole testified that the
crowd OF marchers was made. up
between 200 and 500 persons
and declared that their prisoners.
bloody, dirty and clad only in
their shirts and trousers, were
driven ahead Of the marchers IN
the direction OF the Herrin city
cemetery. Later; he said, he heard
the distant sound Of gun firing.
Charles CALI Of Herrin, a truck
driver, testified that he was with
Beare and had seen the mob but
was unable to identify any Of It's
members although he was &C.
Quainted with two of the defen-
dants.
ON crossexamination Beare
said he could not describe tho
clothes worn by CGrnnghi when
he saw him with the marchers,
that he had not known the defen-
dant at the time but that he had
Continued on page eighth
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
.ROTARIANS LAUD
l2-YEAR-OLDtPU PUPIL
'Busienss Ethics Discussed
by king Cole and G. N:
Alexander Today '''a'

"A great ovation was accorded
Charles Albert PhilIipsi q tWelyS.
yearold child, by the smembers pt
TIL, Rotary Club af the, fcifeoati,
held at. the 7'Y55r today. at noon Z
Appreciattve applause marked the
conclusion Of the four.niinuts
speech made by the youth IN be.
half of the tuberculosis seal cam.
rGign. Effective points in regard to
The aims of the sale were mad.
by tao boy during his interesting
tali:.
Following this address Miss Mar.
garet Mckinney spoke to the Ro
tarians in behalf of the Business
and Professional Women's Club
During her talk Miss Mckinney
solicited the support OF the Rotary
Club in regard 10 the educational
program being furthered by the or.
ganization which she represented.
Support OF the project was pledg.
ed by the members.
Two talks of special merit on
the theme, Business Ethics" were
delivered by two of the club men,
bers during the session. The first
address was given by king" Cole,
who emphasized the points Of IN.
tegTity and efficiency as tho step
ping stones to success. Following
the deliyerance OF Mr.. Coles talk,
George Alexander, president OF tbs
M. P. g. R. Co., addressed the
members on the subject, Service,
Real and Counterfeit. The first
form OF service is reared in the
heart, Mr!s Alexander explained,
while counterfeit service Is born OF
q love Of reward.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
SEYENKILLED'BY
'STEANINWR[DK
AT.HUN N 4
Seven Of Thirty.Ftve Others
Burned May Die as Result
Of Injuries Received.
CONDUCTOR VICTIM
Non of Passengers IN Sleep.
ing Cars lnlured--.Neyis
Dealer Killed.
CONDUCTOR VICTIM

HOUSTON Tex, Dec
Seven persons we're Bcalded 10
death by steam and approximate
" thlrty-flve others burned. sey
eral probably fatally, when &
Houston East & West Texas Ratl.
way passenger train sldesEfped d
switch engine near the depot at
Humble late last night,
The cylinder heads OF the tS6
locomotives struck suuareiy but
neither engine left the tracks.
The seven were killed when "a
two inch steam pipe, torn loose
from cylinder head OF the switch
engine, swept around and crashed
through window OF a car &c.
cupied by negroes, nsforming Il
into a caldron.
Conductor William Campssy
was killed instantly. NJ Youns.
the train news dealer, also died
instantly. His body, was found un-
derneath a Pile ot papers ntaga.
zines and fruit.
Drifting Of the switch engine
from near the depot to where tie
siding converged with the main
line was blamed for the accident.
None Of the passengers In the
sleeping cars were injured. All Of
the dead and injured were riding
On the first and second coaches
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
COKE REPLACING
!. ANTHRAG|TE.COAL
Local Coke Being Used as
Substitute During Existing
Hard Coal Shortage.

Local brokers say they are ship.
ping prepared coke sizes into tina
territory In which anthracite coal
was the leader IN past years and
in fact some Of this West Virginia
coke is practically going into the
anthracite coal region. Some lirF.
tied shipments are going to Read,
ing, Pa, but 1t Is expected that
others will follow. The people are
unable to obtain anthracite coal
and are using coke as a substitute,
which, Of course, Is not as good,
although a 0ake.shift in a pinch.
Quite a little two-inch nut btu.
minous sizes are being shipped to
various cities between Baltimore
and York, Pa.
Coke Production
ovens In Northern West Virginia
on Wednesday loaded fifty.five
cars Of coke, all Of which went
east, except eleven OF the cars
loaded off the Monongah Division.
Coke loading off the various d..
visions yesterday was as follows:
B. & .O.-Monongah, 81 cars;
Charleston, 8 cars; Connellsville,
8 cars; Cumberland, 3 cars; NJ. &
X, Q cars. A
Final Shipments
Western Maryland mines are re.
ported yesterday to have shipped
their final New England consign.
ments over that road to Port Gov.
ington at Baltimore. The naviga.
ton season closes on January l
and fifteen days are allowed for
the coal to reach the pier. The
final shipments to Port Covington
were made yesterday. 1t Is said
that the Bethlehem Coal Co. mads
Port Covington shipments recent.
~ and were among the few doing
so this week. 7.
Personal Mention.
G. H. jenkins, vice president OF
the Hutchinson Coal Co, Fairmont,
returned this morning from a trip
to Washington, D. c., where he az.
tended sessions Of the railroad re.
lations committee of the National
Coal Association.
IA, A. McAllister. operating man.
ager OF the Logan Mining Co., Lo-
gan, W. Va, accompanied Mr.. Jen.
kins from washington.
r., 3. Ash Of the Hutchinson Coal
Co., who was located in Logan, w.
Va, with the Logan Mining Co. for
some months, has returned to Fair:
Miners, Election. !.
Despite the keen interest IN the
tcontinued On PAGE thtee)
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1922-12-14
Thirtee,, link Not
Unluckyto Those
Who Scot at Fate

NEW YORK, Dec, s14.-After
defying the FINK In every con,
ceiyable way the Thirteen Club
started on It's fourteenth year
OF existence. The club held its
thirteenth annual dinner on the
thirteenth of December. The
dinner began at thirteen minutes
to- eight and ended at thirteen
minutes after twelve. There,
were thirteen at each table, they
ate thirteen courses, served BY
thirteen waters. The diner
entered the banquet hall By
walking under a ladder. and ga,
with thirteen open umbrellas and
thirteen skeletons In The room.
Every member tempted fats
in some way. Every possible gu.
perstition was given q tryout
from breaking a mirror to til.
ping over the salt, and then, as
the banquet ended two mem
bers took chairs and waited for
jinxes to appear and accept thu
challenges. At daybreak two
disguised tempters, tired but,
happy, snapped their fingers al
fate and left for home.