davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-01-22
BY HENRY W. BUM.

BY HENRY W. BUM.
HE following is brief
summary OF the most im-r
portant news Of the world
for the seven days ended
January 21:
The WashinEton Conference
On Tuesday Secretary Hughes
submitted to the committee on
Pacific. and far eastern questions
four resolutions dealing with the
open door" in China. The first
two resolutions constitute a state
ment more elaborate than any
previous one Of what is meant by
"the open door or equality Of op-
portunity" in China. The third
resolution proposes q board OF
reference to which all questions
involving or conceived to involve
the principle of the open door in
China may be referred. May"
not must: for reference to the
board is to be quite voluntary.
The board can do no more than
investigate and report; it's findings
and recommendations are to have
no authority other than moral.
Its usefulness must depend on the
attitude of the governments hav-
ing Chinese interests.
The really interesting resolu-
tion is the fourth, which I must
quote:
"The powers, including China.
represented at the conference
agree that any provisions of an
existing concession which appear
inconsistent with those of another
concession, or with the principles
OF the above agreement or declar-
alton, may be submitted by the
parties concerned to the board of
reference, when established. for
the purpose Of endeavoring to. ar
rive at satisfactory adjustment
on equitable terms"
That resolution is obviously
retroactive. Under its provisions
the Manchurian concessions would
=
board Of reference at the request
of the parties concerned (appar-
emily only at the request of both
parties). Baron Shidehara asked
for a little time to study the reso-
luton before it should be put to
the vote. The next morning
doubtless after. a night of study
he blandly suggested that the
resolution be amended so as to
substitute for the words "any pro-
visions Of an existing concession
which appear inconsistent
may" the words. .''If any provi-
hereafter be granted by China ap-
pear inconsistent they
may; thus destroying the sig
nificance of the resolution. Sir
Robert Borden suggested that res
olution Nv be dropped. since reso-
luton III included resolution w
within its general terms-a truth
indeed apparent. Secretary Hughes
made no fight for resolution w.
He had accomplished, I take it.
all that he expected. An issue
had been Joined and decided. The
American delegation Supported
by the Britisk) had gone on rec
ord as desiring examination by a
representative international body
into the validity of existing for
eign concessions in China.
The Japanese had gone on record
as opposed to such examination. 1t
seems most unlikely, therefore. that
the Japanese will permit discussion
by this conference of the validity Of
the Manchurian and other conces-
sions arising out of the twenty-one
demands. The, committee adopt
Evening star., 1922-01-22

agreement and appointed q pro-
visional government of the free
state. Having done these things,
the house adjourned sine die, ie..
expired. OF the Ice persons elect
ed to the house, only IS were
position followers absenting them
selves. The provisional govern
pent is heard by Michael Collins
and consists Of nine members. six
Of whom are also members of the
, dali cabinet and the other three
are dali members. It was ma
turally expected that Griffith
would head the provisional gov
thought he would be more useful
IL left free to handle the opposi-
tion in the dali and fight the op-
position in the coming campaign
for election of representatives to
the free state parliament. The
dahl is to continue In being until
the London agreement has been
executed. The chief business of
the provisional government will
be to draft constitution for the
France-On Thursday. the 18th,
NJ. Poincare, the new premier, out
lined his policy to the chamber.
Read hastily, the speech may seem
chauvinistic. but IL one examines
it carefully, one does not find
justification for Anatole Frances
prediction that "Poincare will, no
doubt, take US to the edge of the
prccipice." Take, for example. the
question Of reparations. on which
question one should expect to find
NJ. Poincare most uncompromising.
"If Germany should fail in her obli-
cations" says he. the French gov
ernment would have to consider
the measures to be adopted, and
the first Of these would certainly
control over the German budget.
emission of paper money and ex-
ports" That, to be sure, sounds
like Poincare, the journalist. lam
basting the policy of NJ. BRAND.
like Poihcare. the advocate of re-
lentless enforcement Of the Yer
sailles treaty. But observe the
later in his speech NJ. Poincare
declares that "the supreme council
must not go on interfering with
the work of the reparations COM
mission" Now, II one remembers
that the .reparations commission.
whose hands Poincare proposes to
uphold. has just granted the Ger
mans a sort of moratorium. and is
obviously disposed (while not
abating the reparation totaD to
greatly ease the methods Of pay
ment, one concludes that on the
most important of issues, that on
which NJ. Poincare might be ex-
pected to show himself most stern
and implacable. he seems likely
to prove as reasonable as NJ.
M. Poincare shows himself eager
for a treaty with Britain, but 1t
must be ION a footing of perfect
equality" This solicitNde for the
dignity Of France in her relations
with Great Britain may be exces-
sive, but does not lack specific
justification: 1t should not prove
an insuperable bar to the consum-
nation Of a satisfactory treaty of
mutual guarantee (mutual. be.
cause the military frontier OF
France is likewise the chief mill
tary frontier OF Brittany.
REGARDING the Genoa confer
ence II. Poincare had something
of first importance to say, which
was, in effect. that priQr to any
discussions at the Genoa confer
ence the conditions named in the
Cannes resolution proposing that
conference. as conditions of recog-
milton Of the soviet government,
Evening star., 1922-01-22
WILL HONOR Mr.. HUGHES.
italian to Present Petition Book.
Painting for Rome.

DR.. Pasquale Badia. as the head of
a committee representing about $780,
900 Americans of Italian descent, will
call at the State Department next
Tuesday, accompanied by the italian
retary Hughes "a petition book
voicing their appreciation of, 'Mr.
Hughes memorable service in pro-
noting a nobler understanding be-
tween Italy and the United States
AS a result of that; petition, a full
has been painted by an italian ar
tist for presentation to the italian
government for hanging in the royal
palace at Rome. The portrait is now
at the Corcoran Gallery Of Art and
will be placed on public exhibition for
short period preliminary. to its
shipment to Rome. -.
Evening star., 1922-01-22
EGYPTIAN DISCOVERIES
PROF. REISNER'S TOPIC
Gives Interesting Talk Before
Geographic Society's
Members.

The ancient Ethiopians, lost to his
tory until recently, made use of mod
ern imperialistic strategy, and con-
quered Egypt by seizing its roads to
raw materials and getting possession
of it's gold supply. This was brought
out in a lecture before members of
the National Geographic Society Friday
evening by Prof. George A. Reisner.
whose discoveries in upper Egypt
have given the world a knowledge Of
the Ethiopian civilization. While the
Ethiopians conquered Egypt, he
showed. Egyptian culture had con-
Quered them, and they were thorough
ly Egyptianized. The new chapter
of ancient Egyptian history which
Prof. Reisner's discoveries have writ
ten covers the period from about
500 to 250 B. c., and brings to light
thirteen kings never before heard of.
Prof Reisner's excavations in mid
die and lower Egypt threw an inter
estfng light on customs and life
Golden pincers used to shape trimmer
eyebrows for the kings and queens.
ostrich-feather fans almost well
enough preserved to use today, razors.
mirrors and exquisitely carved OBJ
jects Of art are among the things
by the expedition and brought to
. America is rated as one of the two
finest objects of Egyptian art so far
found. The work in lower Egypt also
definitely identified the mysterious
sphinx as the likeness of the kingly
builder of the second pyramid.
In middle Egypt Prof. Reisner un-
covered the administrative city Of the
Soudan, between 1900 and p0 years
before Christ. The excavations show
ed that when the viceroy died his
wives and retainers. in some cases
| numbering more than 400 people, were
buried alive with him. This custom
is supposed to have sprung from the
Egyptians realistic belief in a future
life and their desire to accompany
their lord rather than to be left alone
in a land far from their home. In
Egypt proper models Of the mem
bers of the family were buried with
the departed head of the household.
The methods used by the expedi-
tions described in the lecture demon
strate that modern efficiency may be
applied even to archaeological re-
searches. Small railroad tracks were
laid to facilitate the removal Of the
sand which has drifted over most OF
the tombs Of Egypt: all articles found
| were carefully card catalogued. and
photographs were taken at frequent
| intervals to record the progress of the
work and to show in what positions
various objects were found.
Prof. Reisner was the guest of honor
at a luncheon given by Henry S. Well
come at tho La Fayette Hotel. large
number OF Warrington scientists and
diplomats were guests.
Evening star., 1922-01-22

Before We can handle the asricul-
tural surplus We must know what the
foreign demands are. OF course, this
will in way be throwing kinolines
on the fire Of controversy between the
Department of Agriculture and the
Department Of Commerce. Secretary
Hoover has wanted to take over this
market bureau work Of the Depart
ment of Agriculture. 1t is understood
that Secretary Wallace has receivs d
assurances from the White House that
the work Of the Department Of Agrl-
culture will not be disturbed. Mean
while. Senator Capper has introduced
a measure. to take some Of the serv-
ices away from the Department: of
Commerce. Even though friction be-
tween cabinet members is not helpful
to the cause, 1t is likely that an
agricultural attache service will be
established.
The second step in the drive for
standardization of farm crops is
closely related to this watch on for
eign markets" 1t requires a study
and compilation and development OF
statistics on domestic consumption, to
be balanced with similar data on
domestic production. so as to deter
mine just how much surplus should
be produced above the home food re.
quirements to meet the foreign de-
mands.
The third step is the reorganization
and building up of more efficient
marketing to reduce the spread OF
cost and profit between the producer
and the consumer.
It Is believed that these three steps
as a constructive program, will af-
ford some way Of insuring relation
between production and consumption
and the needs of a safe surplus
thereby making production more
stable.
As far as the mind of the confer.
ence can be guided by the best judg.
ment Of the federal department and
officials, that Is what will be done.
Evening star., 1922-01-22
ALASKA'S 467-M|LE
! ROAD NEAR FINISH
Railway Construction So
Rapid Golden Spike' Will
Be Driven in February.
BY the Associated Press.

ANCHORAGE, Alaska, January 81,
SO rapidly has the work of bringing
together the ends of steel on Alaska's
46T-mile government railroad from
Seward, on the seacoast, to Fairbanks,
i'll the heart of the Yukon country,
progressed that definite plans are be-
ing made for a great celebration
throughout the territory to mark the
driving of the golden spike" some
time in mid-February.
The ceremony. which will be at
tended by Gov. Scott c. Bone of
Alaska and other high territorial and
federal officials, will take place at
the Riley creek bridge, 12O miles
south of Fairbanks. Thousands are
expected to attend the ceremony.
Triumph Of Engineering.
The Riley creek bridge is in itself
a triumph of engineering. Late In
November. 1921, 500 tons of steel for
to Seward. Today the bridge. 900
foot structure, is practically COM
pleted. With the exception of the
1.340-foot steel bridge across the Ia
mana river at Nenapa, which will not
be placed in service until late this
year early III 1oSop IL - IAC AoSa
unit Of the road to be completed
Pending completion of work on the
bridge at Nenana trains will be sent
over the Tanana on ferries in the
summer and over tracks laid on the
ice during the winter months.
The government railroad cost ap-
proximately s56,0OO,OO0, and has been
under construction since 1914. The
main line, between Seward and Fair.
banks, is 467 miles in. length. but
with branches the completed system
will have a total trackage OF 63s
miles. For some months past luxurt.
Gus trains, with Pullman coaches and
buffet dining cars, have been oper-
ated over the main line on a once-a:
week schedule. Freight was carried
between the ends of steel by dog
sled.
See Development Of Riches.
AIaskans hail the coming of the
railroad as the key that will unlock
one of the richest territories in the
world. Mail from Seattle will reach
Fairbanks In nine days. Heretofore
Evening star., 1922-01-22
THE STORY THE WEEK HAS TOLD
ed resolutions I, II and I1I-Iv
having been silently dropped.

ed resolutions I, II and III-Iv
having been silently dropped.
+ Il y X
The committee adopted, practi-
cally without debate. q resolution
offered by Sir Auckland Geddes.
by which China pledges herself
not to exercise or to permit any
discrimination on Chinese rail-
ways, and the other powers rep
resented In the conference make a
corresponding pledge with re-
spect to Chinese railways over
which they or their nationals ex-
e ercise control by virtue of con-
cessi9ns or the like. The COM
mites also passed resolution
by which the powers express
hope that some day China will be
able to unity her railroads into a
system under Chinese. control.
The committee had now arrived
at the item of the agenda: "The
status Of existing commitments in
relation to China" Mr.. Koo made
one of the most notable of the con-
ference speeches. in which he
urged that all claims on China. all
commitments respecting China. be
published; that their validity be
determined. and that those found
valid be harmonized with one an
other and with the principles
adopted by the conference. A
magnificent program. and right:
but, after what happened to Mr..
Hughes fourth resolution on the
open door, obviously impossible.
Mr.. koo. confined himself to the
possible.
He submitted two resolutions.
The first requires the several pow
ers to file with the secretariat gen.
eral of the conference lists Of all
treaties or other agreements they
may have with China or with other
powers in relation to China. which
they deem to be still in force and
reply" The other resolution calls
for similar lists of contracts be-
tween nationals Of the several
powers and the Chinese govern
ment or any Of its administrative
subdivisions. In the case Of each
agreement, contract. ETC., listed,
there must be a citation to a pub
lished text or a copy Of the text
must be filed with the list. Every
new agreement, contract, ETC., of a
nature similar to those listed as
per above must be notified to the
powers within sixty days of its
conclusion.
The advantages from the pub
1icity which these resolutions pro-
pose are sufficiently clear. 1t
seems likely that a considerable
number Of concessions that will
not bear scrutiny will, If the reso-
lutions are adopted, be scrapped
forthwith. Hardly would any pow
er have the impudence to make a
claim under an alleged agreement
not listed at Washington or noti-
fled as above prescribed. As I
write, these resolutions are still in
debate.
Ireland.-The house of commons
of southern Ireland, elected last
spring under the government Of
Ireland act of 1920 U told last
week how the persons elected to
that house did not assemble last
spring as the house, but did as
semble as a new dali, except for
four representatives of Trinity
College, Dublin. assembled for
the first time at Dublin on Sat-
urday, the 14th. and. as required
by the London agreement creating
the Irish Free State, ratified that
Evening star., 1922-01-22

from one to three months was the
usual time of transit. The road wall
be open the year round, and no longer
will the freezing OF the 1ukon IN
winter mean that the great Interior
country must hibernate until resump-
tion Of navigation in the spring.
Alaska's richest areas are tapped
by the road. The fertile valleys OF
the Tanana and Yukon Will oe IN
direct connection with Seward, q
seaport with harbor free OF zee Ios
twelve months in the year The roao
passes through important coal fieids.
one of which is expected to furnish
supplies Of steaming fuel for naval
vessels Il traverses what govern
ment geologists describe as a rich
let region, contiguous to Anchorage.
Before the advent Of the railroad,
according to federal reports, 1t cost
$40 to ship one ton Of hay, corn: po-
tatoes or other necessities to Fair
banks. The freight went by. boat to
Yukon; was then reshipped up the
Yukon and Tanana rivers to Fair
banks. a total distance of $500 miles.
Sometimes it was shipped through
Skagway over the White Pass and
Yukon railroad to White Horse,
thence down the Yukon and Tanana
rivers. at a cost of $66.
Saving Of Time Elected.
Today the same bulk Of freight can
be shipped by the railroads to Fair
banks in three weeks less time than
by either Of the older routes, tyavers-
i ing a total distance eof 1885 miles. at
a cost of about $50. Since the road
began handling traffic, few months
ago. the cost Of oats in Fairbanks
/ dropped from $40 to SO a ton; the
price Of beef dropped to Is cents a
pound: wood costing $3.50 cord was
replaced by Ignite coal delivered at
! Sc a ton. v.
An increase in tourist traffic is ex-
pected. Mount Mckinley, 10000 feet
| in altitude and the loftiest peak on
| the North American continent, Is but
q short distance from the line, and
| Mount Mckinley National Park will
become accessible.
Evening star., 1922-01-22
ExrRAp1T1oN Is PROTESTED.

A protest against the extradition
from Canada to North Carolina Of
Matthew Bullock, negro. charged with
melting a riot in that state. was filed
with the State Department today by
q committee from the National Race
Congress of America. The committee
consisted of Revs. w. II. Jernagin, ].
II. Randolph, w. H. Brooks and J..
Louis Taylor.
Evening star., 1922-01-22
Permanent Farming Program
Chief Purpose of Conference

tions Of farmers to develop new
area All men are not adapted to
farm life and to colonization move
ments. 1t is an injustice to men in
Industries in cities and to the asri-
cultural industry for land sharks to
take hordes Of people off to develon
new farm areas who are not trained
and adapted to such life.
The fact that crop values per acre
have dropped go per cent in the two
year period 1919-1921. a decrease un-
paralleled since 1866, will be pre-
sented for consideration Of the econ.
omists at the conference.
One thing that it is generally hoped
will be developed out of the confer
ence in some fashion-what the De-
partment of Agriculture has been
harping on and what the public is
coming to recognize-is the interde-
pendence of all industry upon agri-
culture.
Those who have been working on
constructive program with Secre-
tary Wallace are convinced that I'VE
must get the cost Of what the farmer
uses down to a relation to what he
Is paid for what he produces" This
means that II we go ahead on the
present basis of farm returns the
cost factor for the farmer must be
treduced-that is:
Capital available at lower rates:
cheaper machinery and cheaper fer
| tilizers; cheaper farm labor.
AS a matter Of fact. farm labor is
coming down, and is considered now
to be about as low as it can reason
| ably fall.
l. X X X X
To encourage the farmer to buy. he
| must feel that the purchasing power
| Of his dollar bears a fair relation to
what it cost him to earn the dollar;
that there is not too great margin
| or spread between the price he pays
(, for wool cloth and what he gets fol
his raw wool; the price for finished
cotton fabrics and the price at which
| he sells his cotton crop. The farmer
buys q lot of foodstuff. canned meats
etc. He does quite business with
the packers. He is looking to get the
packers products at q fair exchange
price as compared with his steers ant
hogs and sheep. When he sells hi:
steers at cents pound and has tt
pay so cents for a piece of beef hi
gets impatient.
| It is Inevitable that strong pressure
will be-brought to bear on the sub
jects of transportation and Of agri
cultural credits, both longtime ant
short.time. the fight Of the land banks
and OF the federal reserve banks.
But the real thing Of benefit and
| Importance that it Is expected will
develop for the federal government
out OF this conference in course o.
time is an underlying policy in regart
to land, reclamation, forestry. etc.
i 4 -
For the stabilizing Of farm crops
three big and related steps are looked
for:
| Development Of knowledge o
world markets. This means, first, I
knowledge Of foreign markets. It Il
hoped that there will be a strong cal
for the building up Of q government
organization to keep in touch will
the demand, acreage planted, eco
nomic conditions in other countrie
as they affect agriculture and tn
world demand for American farm
surplus. - -
Il This would mean the Organization
i Of .. corps Of agricultural attaches
Evening star., 1922-01-22
Continued from First Page.)

Continued from First Page.)
question whether. if the government
insures the farm crops, it Is ready to
insure other lines of business, and
how many; just how far this prin-
ciple would be carried out. and how
many industries would be considered
SO essential to the national welfare
as to justify such insurance. This
would put emphasis on the question
by how much does the public interest
in agriculture exceed public interest
in manufacture and other lines of
business.
X X X y
An effort Is now being made to de-
fine the line between cooperation and
corporation. The Department Of Ag-
riculture is trying to get "co-opera-
ton" SC nicely defined as to be un-
derstood just as surely as is Cor
poration." The best experts in the
country differ as to what is co-opera-
ton, although what corporations
means is recognized at once. Well,
it is much the same way with regard
to the question of crop insurance. 1t
raises the cry against "subsidizing
agriculture" and calls up again the
question whether subsidizing agri-
culture is a good thing for all the
people.
The men who have been chosen to
participate in the conference will
bring in all these and many other
questions, because they are funda-
mental to the establishment of fu-
ture national policy regarding agri-
culture.
Again, the question will be revived
of so much good agricultural land
living idle" AS q general thing, this
idle land is what is known as mar.
einal farms" They are not being
worked because the land is less de.
sirable and less productive than Other
land lying nearby. 1t is much the
same story as that of the old New
England abandoned farms They
are abandoned because when New
England was opened up there was nc
transportation to carry the farmer
westward, and as his sons and daugh'
ters grew up and married. the rocky
barren, hillside farms were split up
and the farms multiplied SO that there
were communities Of 1000 where
there are only 200 today. Then, wher
the great, fertile plains OF the wes'
were opened up and railroads pro-
yided transportation. the farmer'
from New England flocked westward
abandoning their unproductive farma
that never should have been farm.
and never will be again. In the sam'
way, a few years ago. there was
great exodus of Iowa farmers Init
canada. The more venturesome farm
ers took their chance on these rtci
lands. Some Of them became rich ans
others went broke-it was the oil
game Of chance.
So the question will arise befor'
the conference, If you are going t.
resettle land, how much is it wise t
resettle, and II it is going to be re
developed, how? This means, Is II
hest to put it into forest crop ant
wait thirty years for return. or t
grow grass and raise cattle. or t.
nlow it up and gather crops? It Il
all 4 question Of relativity.
The conference also must conside
how the "back-to-the-farm" coloni
xation schemes have played thousand
"for suckers" 1t takes three genera