Evening star., 1922-07-04
BY PAUL SCOTT. MowRER.

By Cable to The Star and Chicago Daily News.
Copyright. 1922.
THE HAGUE, July 3.-The writer
is able herewith, for what he be-
lieves to be the first time. to tear
away the veil which has been obscur-
ing the evolution of the red army dur
ing the last year. The source of the
correspondents information is not
Russian. but technical and reliable.
The revelation is little short of as
founding. Thanks to the tremendous
effort of Leon Trotsky and the soviet
government the army which in March.
1921, at the time of the conclusion
of peace with Poiand was a dlsor-
sanized rabble of 100000 men, has
been entirely reorganized on an eff
cient modern basis and could take the
field Immediately, well armed and
equipped, in conditions well calcu-
lated to inspire terror in Russia's 5
western neighbors.
Observers all agree that there are
only two really effective organiza-
tions in Russia today-the Cheka and
the army One assures the govern
ment's interior position; the other Sc
cures it against foreign foes. 1t Is
these two forces which stand behind
Finkelste alias Max LitvinoV. and
his fellow delegates here at The
Hague and enable them to spend with
such naughty assurance. Further
comment is superfluous. The facts
speak for themselves.
Old Men Demobilized.
Trotsky's first step following the
peace with Poland was to demobilize
the older men. get rid of superfiuous
formations. discharge many of the
officers and revise the grades. By
July there were only 2,70o.000 men
under arms. BY the first of this year
there were only 100000 men of the
three classes and at this figure the
army now stands. The new officers
are all good communists carefully
chosen. There is great staff activity.
Plans are being made for fast general
mobilization, for Improvement IN
transportation and the development
Of war industries over period OF
several years.
Thirty-six per cent Of the 1872?
budget, or a total of 683,00O.000 gold
and navy, with 100000 gold rubles
subsidies to war industries An en-
tirely new study and training pro-
gram for officers is being rushed
through. Al the present time there
are $50 military schools. with more
staff colleges, one higher artillery
school. an engineering, marine, cleo
technical supply school. war
chemistry, aeronautical and tank
school and physical culture institute.
For peace time there will be not
only permanent military academies.
but military normal schools with
three-year courses for active army
officers and one-year for reserve off,
GERS. All youths more +han sixteen
years Of age are being made to
undergo preliminary training exer-
cises with proper political indoctrina-
ton. Several excellent military week
lies and menthlies are being pub
lished. with articles on all modern
subjects drawn from practical ex-
perience in recent wars and revolu-
tions. The clothing and equipment of
the army has been greatly improved.
The savings on the reduced food ra-
pose.
Reduction in War Work.
War industry is working on a basis
of 16 per cent of the former Russian
maximum production. which was in
1916. This far exceeds the produc-
ton in other soviet industries. Fifty
two factories are now making war
materials. OF these ten are making
explosives. ten rifles and cannon and
ing miscellaneous military articles.
1t is planned to increase the produc-
ton as rapidly as possible and also
to start new factories. The general
aim is to make Russia military self
sufficient.
Progress is hampered by the un-
solved coal crisis, but plenty Of raw
stuffs are available. The supply serv-
ice is still weak. but Russian privates
are notoriously excellent foragers.
Transportation from & military point
Of view has been considerably i'm
proved. In 1913 there were roughly
5000 locomotives. with 5000 in. good
condition. Now there are 1880, with
1000 in good condition, 1900 dete-
riorated and 500 unit for service.
Practically deterioration, has been ar
rested. Meanwhile 700 new locomo-
tives have been ordered from Ger
many and 1000 from Sweden. Two
hundred and eighty from each country
are due for delivery this year. Fifty
have been received already. The whole
railway situation, while bad, is not 30
bad that it makes general mobiliza-
ton or movements OF troops impos-
sible.
The three classes under arms are
men Of twsnty-one and twenty-thr