davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1922-03-31
ATTEMPTS SUICIDE
WITH A RAZOR
Charles Hansen Cuts Throat
From Ear to Ear.

Leland, Idaho There was quite
an excitement IN our village Satur-
day afternoon when it was reported
that a man with his throat cut was
lying by the roadside one half mile
from here. A number of men with
a conveyance hurried to the scene
and brought him to the Doctors
office. A cash. cut with d razor,
extending almost from ear to ear,
was sewed up by DR.. Seeley. The
unfortunate man stated he had
worked at BovllI all winter and had
received no money for his labor.
He was suffering from after effects
OF "fu''. so thought he would end
1t all. He gave his name as Charles
Hansen. He had ten dollars IN his
pocket.
After failing at his attempt he
declued he wanted to live. Monday
he was taken to a Lewiston hos
pital, Ralph Oylear accompanying
him there. 1t is reported he will
recover.
Nearly everyone has had or is hav-
ing the "tiu".
Mrs. Archie May is quite sick
with Influenza. They have trained
nurse caring for her.
Mrs. Stoneburner has been here
for several days looking after bust
ness interests and visiting ole
friends.
Prof. Mushletz spent the weel
end IN Lewiston visiting his "Bes
Girl (hls wife).
Mrs. Elliott is seriously Ill at tht
home OF her daughter, Mrs. Leonard
Davis.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lloyd Kuvkendah
have purchased the Enoch Harrison
property in the west end Of towl
and moved into it.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1922-03-31

XA. V. Dunkle now has his wireless
outfit working. The first of the
week he had practically all of the
parts together excepting the aerial.
He used set of col bed springs
for an aerial and got good results.
Kendrick now has two wireless re-
ceiving stations.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1922-03-31

I K. F. PeppIe will be the Official
postmaster OF JulIaetta after April
/, succeeding Charles Talbot, who
has held the position for one term.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1922-03-31

Lous Otnis Of Moscow arrived
thursday to transact business in
kendrIck.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
CZECHO-SLOVAkS EPISOC-
PAL COMMUNICATES

Chicago-(A. P.)-Another step to-
filiation of the Protestant Episcopal
church with the more than one mil
lion members of the Czecho-Slovak
Orthodox church in the United States,
the result of conferences between
Bishop Gorazd Pavlik of the Czecho-
Slovak church, and Bishop Thomas F.
Gailor, president of the Episcopal
National Council, and the foreign born
division Of the department of mis-
SiOns.
The council adopted resolution In
which assurance was given that !" we
will communicate with our bishops In
which communicates of the Czecho-
Slovak Orthodox church live and
urge them to provide the sacraments
and pastoral care for them In such
places where it may be difficult or
impossible to obtain a priest of the
Czecho-Slovak church. Desire also
was expressed that the Czecho-SlOvak
church minister in like manner to
communicates of the Episcopal church
visiting or residing in Czecho-Slovak1a.
Following a memorial FROM Bishop
Pavilk urging mutual fellowship OF
our respective churches" the agree
ment provided that the Episcopal de-
partment of missions shall keep in
vital and intimate touch with the
situation, need and development of the
Czecho- S1ovak Orthodox church in
Europe and America"
The approachment was brought
about through declarations of the
Czecho-Sloyakia church at ecclesiast1-
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
LOOKING HOPEFULLY TO THE
FUTURE

Today, the last issue of The Star-Mir-
year just closing has not been par
ticularly bad year for Moscow and
Latah: county, Notwithstanding the
fact that the crop produced by the
Latah county farmer, as well as by
the farmer throughout the west, was
the lightest in the history of the
country. 1t is true that some people,
who had gone in beyond their depth,
suffered from the effects of a short
crop, coupled with low prices for
farm products and the general de-
dation in values. This, however, was
the condition everywhere, and we
doubt If 1922, as it passes out, leaves
any district in more substantial con-
dition, or with better prospects for a
fair measure of prosperity during the
coming year, than the Moscow com
munity.
Farmers in the Moscow territory
have been quick, for the most part,
to shift from straight wheat growing
into the production of a diversity of
products, with the drop in the wheat
market, and as a result have other
sources of income than that from the
sale of wheat which has been pro-
duced at high cost the past two
years and sold at low price. Also,
the movement toward diversified farm
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
THE THRILL OF LOVE!!!
Do WOMEN LOVE BETTER2
rho Thrill of tho Human TOuch


SHOULD A WOMAN ADVERTISE
FOR A. NATE?
Why Should Girl be Married Before
IS and the Man BefOre21g
Marriage, Divorce, Love, Eugenics,
Birth Control, Sex Hygiene, ETC., etc.
HOW TO MARRY SUCCESSFUL
AND ATTAIN HAPPINESS
These are only some of the sub
jects exclusively dealt with in every
issue of the "FOLD'' MAGAZINE,
Americas big and high class Low
ERS' PUBLICATION. Devoted only
to such problems.
Send loo for SAMPLE COPY
and complete information about our
Friendship Club
SUBSCRIPTION price now only
75c per year, 3 years for $500.
This special offer to increase the
circulation of the 'FOLD' is good
only for a short period Every sub
scription includes FREE membership
to our FRIENDSHIP CLUB, with
of members Cloth sexes
in every state and city.
Send Use with your name and adj
dress to the
aFOLD" MAGAZINE,
1151 Broadway N. Y. City, U.S.A.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

cal mass meetings held in Prague,
that its dogmatic standards had the
same foundation as those of the Ang-
lican communion, and the fact that
Bishop Pavlik was regularly conse-
Grated by the Serbian Orthodox
church, whose orders are recognized
by the Anglican churches as apostolic.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

evening Jan 1st) at 1870. SIX candi-
dates will be initiated into the my
teries of the second rank. All mem
bers and visitors are urged to be
present
L. G. PETERSON,
78 Master of Work.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

Attention Knights OF Pythias
Idaho No. 1, K of P.'s will hold
their regular meeting next Monday
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR RENT-THREE ROOMS, PART
ly Furnished; Toilet and Bath, Hot
Water Tank, ready to connect to-
stove. Small cellar. One block to
University. $3.50 month. 1919 Dea-
kOn Ave- 1880
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

ing wifi increase during the coming
year, judging from all indications,
bringing greater prosperity to the
farmer and to the community This,
too, Judging from the experience of
districts where diversified farming has
been carried on for years, will mean
a permanent prosperity.
Moscow business men, through care
full buying and strict attention to
business, have, for the most part,
come through the defiation period in
good shape, and are now ready to
accomplish greater things in the
future, feeling that business condi-
tons throughout the nation have made
long strides toward normally, and
that the real crises of the adjustment
period is well past
Taken all around, Moscow and
Latah county have come through the
year 1922, which has been, perhaps,
the most trying year since the close
of the war, in fairly good condition,
and are facing 1923 with a generally
optimistic feeling, which we believe is
we'll justified.
1t is the wish of The Star Mirror
that every one of it's friends and rea-
ders may have their fOndest hopes
realized during the coming year and
that prosperity and happiness may be
the lot of each one.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
Yakima Republic.
,OUNTY RECORDS

92877 Rels: First Bank of Gene
see to C. w. Wilson c-m dated
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

At a meeting of the executive sec
| ton of the Federal Council OF Churches
at Indianapolis last week one of the
speakers on racial relations in Ameri-
ca was a professor in a Southern
college. In the audience was a negro
minister from the South, the son of
slave once owned by the father OF
the professor. At a point in his ad-
dress the professor called attention
to the unusual situation and asked
the negro minister to come forward,
so that the two together might face
the audience. Now" said the son
Of slave owner as he grasped the
hand of slaves son, 8" if you feel
as 1 do at this moment, we have in
our hearts the solution of the race
problem in America The negro
minister in some remarks moment
later left no doubt that his sentiments
on the question were identical with
those of the white man. The incident
takes one to the vital center of the
race question in the United States
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR RENT-ONE AND TWO ROOM
apartments. Eggan Apartments
Phone 270-J. 75-1O1
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR RENT-ROOMS CLOSE IN
Phone Apply. BIT So. jefferson.
.75-2O
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR RENT-FOUR ROOM FURN-
ished house. Phone 227-J or cali
at 8O4 So. Wash 74-79
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
Notice

We will be open all day Monday.
7S THE ELECTRIC BAKERY
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

LEAVE YOUR ORDERS FOR HEM
stitching at Drew's Millinery Work
done promptly. Pauline Steltz. 60-86
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR RENT-FOUR ROOMS FOR
housekeeping No children. Phone
262-J 73-7S
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR RENT-ROOM CLOSE IN, FUR
mace heat. Women only. Phone
142-L day, 46-L evenings 74-S6
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
MISCELLANEOUS

DRES SHAKING AND PLAIN SEW
ing. Miss Charrey. Phone 268-L.
65-Q1
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR SALE-WINDMILL IN GOOD
condition. Mrs. Shannon Phone
26O-J. 1880
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
FOR RENT

FOR RENT-DOWN STAIRS ROOM
with board Outside entrance
Phone 241-J. 1888
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR SALE-1OO WHITE LEGHORN
Hens, through the mott, $1.00 each
ITS White Leghorn Pullets, 5000
each, or $3.50 for 100. University
Poultry Farm. 1919
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
FOR SALE-MfscelIaneous

FOR SALE FINE SHOATs. PHONE
899X4 1898
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR SALEAHA $22.50
timothy, $23.5O Any cutting and
all first class. William Fowler, H26 s.
Jefferson. Phone 1911. 1854
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

LOST-CAMEO RING ON STREETS,
Dec. %. Reward. Call 80. 1888
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

FOR SALE ONIONS AT WASH
burn & Wilson Seed Co., by James
1O'Connor Phone SO or 9155. $3.50
FOR SALE ORGAN AS GOOD AS
3 new. Phone 147-J. 56-82
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

LOST-LAST SATURDAY EVENING
between J. c. Penney and buster
Brown stores, lady's black leather
purse containing some change and
DApers- Reward. Leave at star MFR
rOr or phone 411-J. IS
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30
CLASSIFIED ADS
FOR SALE-REAL ESTATE

FOR SALE OR TRADE AGREE
commercial apple orchard, Lewiston
Idaho Take Portland, Vancouver,
Astoria or Seaside property. Owner
G. w. Weeks, Yacolt, Wash. TITS
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-12-30

ONE OF THE FINEST HOMES IN
Moscow, in the best location, 1873
s. Polk Phone 147-J. $685.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31

These strikers who are holding up
the fuel supply would be indignant
if the doctor would not respond to
calls unless he got higher pay.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
By Trading With
Your Home Merchants
Money Is Kept Here

During these times when every dol
lar counts do not forget to patronize
your home merchants. Every dollar
spent with your home merchants is de-
posted with home bank and enables
that bank to loan you money that you
may need to harvest and market your
crops. Every dollar sent to other cit
les for goods is a dollar lost forever
to the community and it's business con-
ditions, and will do more to bring hard
times about than anything else, be-
cause it requires the business man in
the city and their employees to create
a market for the products Of the farm
which are not produced in quantities
sufficient to ship. Therefore, it is the
duty of every man in the country or
in the city to patronize home mer-
chants, that they may progress in the
world
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31

Secretary of Agriculture Wallace
said true thing the other day, when
he called on capital and labor to stop
their pickering and showed how much
harder than others the farmers have
Jared in the deflation process of the
past two years. The purchasing pow
er of the wages of the railroad en-
ployee, he said. was 81 per cent more
in 1921 than it was in 1918. The pur-
chasing power of the wages of the
coal miner was 80 per cent greater
than in 1918. But the purchasing pow
er of the farmer himself was rs to as
per cent less.
While great bodies of men have been
refusing to work and piling up the
cost of transportation and fuel, the
farmers keep digging away at full
production, altho they often can't get
back a new dollar for an old one. The
farmers show a splendid loyalty that
the rest Of the country should appre-
ciate better. They at least are
bright enough to see that the coun-
try can not prosper unless everyone
keeps working to the best of his abil-
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31

Mr.. E. ]. Frederick and daughter
Phylena will leave today Thursday
for Yoder, Wyo., for visit with their
daughter and sister, Mrs. T. c. Terry
and family.
Mrs. Charles Gibbons, daughter
Jane, Mrs. Nye and Mrs. Small, all Of
Kearney, Nebr., visited Tuesday at the
w. H. Pound home. They were en-
route via auto for few days visit
with friends in Denver.
Mrs. Mabel Rauth, daughter Miss
Bessie and son Gerald of Stoneham,
Colo, arrived in Julesburg last Friday
COR visit with Mrs. Rauth's parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Dave Camelin, and 9TH
er relatives.
Miss Elsie Etchison, daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. P. L. Etchison of this
city, underwent an operation for the
removal of tonsils at the Julesburg
Community Hospital last Tuesday,
Drs. Dutton and Rook performing the
operation.
R. C. McNally is disposing of prac-
ically all of his household goods at
private sale. and is preparing to leave
Julesburg in the near future, and is
contemplating locating at Schuyler,
Nebr., his former home. Mrs. McNal-
ly is now in Schuyler, she having gone
there several weeks ago. The many
friends of Mr.. and Mrs. McNally re-
gret to see them leave this commun-
ity, but wish them success in their
new home.
It's too bad, but it's so. Chappell
base ball aggregation is the victor,
and-well, Julesburg took the short
end of 9 to 6 score in the game play
ed at the fair grounds here last Sum
day afternoon. Wed rather not say
much more about it, but we hope that
our boys "come back" next Sunday
and trim the Grant. Nebr. team when
they play return game here on that
day. Grant defeated the locals at
Grant recently by the score of Z to S.
Now boys, let's get down to business
and take these Nebraskans into camp.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
POTATO EXPERT
VISITS JULES
BURG THIS WEEK

G. A. Meckstroth of Greeley ar
rived here last Friday for visit with
his cousin, Mrs. L. w. Eversman, and
family, and to look after business mat
ters, Mr.. Meckstroth being a repre-
sentative of the U. S. Potato Expert
ment Station at Greeley, and he has
been looking over the potato disease
situation in this section. He spoke at
a meeting of farmers and potato
growers held in the districtc ourt
room of the court house last Monday
evening. Mr.. Meckstroth, in an in
terview with representative Of the
Grit-Advocate, stated that the potato
fields in this section on the average
were better than in the Greeley dis
trict this year; that there was no
alarming situation existing on account
of the disease here, and with but few
exceptions the potato prospects were
encouraging for good yields. according
to his observation at this time.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
FALL FESTI-
VAL WILL BE
A Big EVENT
Julesburg Community
Club in Com pl e te
Charge of This Years
Fair; Co m m lite es
Busy at Work

The dates of the Sedgwick County
Fair this year are Wednesday, Thurs
day and Friday, September 20, Fl and
%. Plans are under way to make this
big event. The track and grounds
are in good shape for the staging Of
this years fall festival.
The fair this year will be conducted
under the auspices of the Julesburg
Community Club, the Sedgwick Coun-
ty Fair Association having rendered
the community club the use of the fair
grounds.
At meeting of the Julesburg Com
munity Club held last Monday even-
ing, President G. H. Austin was au-
thorized to appoint general commit
tee to have complete charge of con-
Quoting the 1922 fair.
The following committee has been
appointed: G. H. Austin, chairman;
Earl c. Harris, C. F. Schroeder, VIM.
Bower, George A. Reed, Ben Wilkin-
son, Walter Law and E. C. Hamilton.
Earl C. Hamilton was unanimously
chosen as secretary.
The following subcommittee were
chosen at meeting held Tuesday af-
ternoon:
Premiums-E. C. Harris and C. F.
Schroeder.
Program-George A. Reed and Ben
Wilkinson.
Publicity-G. H. Austin, VIM. Bow
er, Clarence Harris and Victor Meline.
Concessions-E. C. Hamilton and w.
E. Law.
Grounds-Wm. Bower and E. C.
Harris.
The above committees are now hard
at work, and nothing will be left un-
done to make the fair big one, pro-
viding three days of real entertain
ment. 1t behooves the citizens of
Sedgwick county to lend their COOP
GRAFTON to the committees in assisting
to make the fair this year big sue
cess.
Begin to make your plans right now
to attend Sedgwick county's big Fall
Festival. There will be three days of
solid amusement. We expect to pub
lish the program in the next issue of
the Grit-Advocate, and the premium
list in pamphlet form will soon be
ready for distribution.
Remember-the dates of the Sedg-
wick County Fair are Wednesday,
Thursday and Friday, September 20,
81 and %. Everybody's going, so
you had better make your plans ac-
cordingly. It's the big event of the
season, so of course you're not going
to miss it.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
FORMER JULES
BURG GIRL MAR
RIED AUGUST u

Cards have been received here an
nouncing the marriage of Miss Ola
Pyle of North Platte, Nebraska, to Mr..
Archie w. Kinds, of Greeley, Colorado.
The ceremony occurred at the brides
home in North Platte at six-thirty
O'Clock Sunday morning, August 9th,
with the Rev. P. r. Stevens of the
First Christian Church officiating.
Mrs. Kinds is the daughter of Mrs.
L. M. Pyle of North Platte, formerly
residents of Julesburg for number
of years. Mrs. Kinds was graduate
of our High School in the year 1916,
and was a very successful teacher in
our public schools for two years,
teaching the third grade. Since leav-
ing Julesburg she has been teaching
in the North Platte public schools. She
was one of the main workers who
helped to organize the Christian Bible
School and later the church, being al
ways an earnest worker and faithful
in attendance.
Mr.. Kinds is a graduate of the State
Teachers College of Greeley, and for
the past year has been teaching in the
Kit Carson high school. He will teach
there this coming year, where the
happy couple will make their home.
The Grit-Advocate joins with host
of friends in extending hearty con-
gratulations.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
INTERESTING LOCAL AND PERSONAL
NEWS GATHERED DURING THE WEEK
PERSONAL

A small crowd attended the dance
held at loves hall last Saturday
night The music was furnished by
Bunch's Jazz orchestra of Holyoke.
Messrs. Dean Redford and Oscar
Corpe. Jr., left Tuesday morning via
auto for few days. vacation in Den
yer and various mountain points.
Deputy sheriff John Sincock of
| oedgwick, was Julesburg business
visitor Tuesday evening. He is candi-
date for the democratic nomination
for the office of sheriff.
Mrs. w. C. Hetherington, mother
of Mrs. Walter Law, and grandson
Gene, will leave today Thursday for
Minneapolis, Minn.. for visit of sew
eral weeks with the formers daugh-
ter, Mrs. Donald Gulling and husband.
The regular monthly meeting of the
board of directors of the Julesburg Ir-
rigation District will be held in Jules
burg at the office of the secretary,
Fred X Huffman, next Tuesday, Sept.
9Th.
Mr.. and Mrs. Cleon Bailey and
dauvhter left last Sunday for their
home in Pittsburg, Michigan, after a
weeks visit in Julesburg with their
cousin, Mrs. G. H. Austin and family.
They also had been enjoying an out
ing in the mountains.
Melton Laughlin. son of Mrs. Anna
Laughlin of near Ovid, underwent an
operation Tuesday for the removal of
tonsils at the Julesburg Community
Hospital, Drs. F. G. Dutton and C. w.
Rook performing the operation, and
the patient is reported to be recover
ing nicely.
A. E. Dirst is the Relief Agent at
the Union Pacific depot here during
the absence of Agent T. H. Engleman,
who, with his wife, are enjoying sew
eral weeks vacation touring Iowa,
Illinois, Missouri and other states via
auto, where they are visiting with re-
latives and friends. Mr.. Dirst is the
regular relief agent for the Union
Pacific in the third and fourth dis
tricts.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
SEVERAL CON-
TESTS AT PRI-
MARY ELECTION
Record Vote For Primary Elec-
tion Is Expected to Be POlled
On Account of Interest Being
Manifested BY Friends of OPP
posing Candidates

Tuesday, September 18th is the date
of the Primary election in Colorado.
This means that less than two weeks
remain for the candidates to finish
fixing fences" preparatory to the
race down the home stretch.
There are numerous contests on
both the republican and democratic
tickets for state offices. On the re-
publican ticket there is only one con-
test for county office, that of sheriff
o. s. Thunderstorm, the present incum.
bent of the sheriff's office is opposed
for the nomination by Percy M. Dun
can of this city. Both of these men
are we'll and favorably known and
have host of friends who will rally
to their support at the primary. and a
close race is predicted.
On the democratic county ticket
there will be contests for the nomina-
tions for the offices of sheriff and as
SCISSOR. For the office of sheriff w.
E. Cunningham of Julesburg is OPP
posed by deputy sheriff John Sincock
of Sedgwick. In the contest for the
nomination of assessor, Messrs. Finley
Dye of Julesburg and Logan Glenn,
well-known farmer residing near
this city are both aspirants for the
office.
Owing to the fact that there are
several contests, record vote for a
primary election is expected to be
polld Tuesday, September 18th, and
there is much speculation as to who
the winning candidates will be. The
Grit-Advocate will give its readers a
full account of the election results in
the issue following elction day.
The Julesburg grit-advocate., 1922-08-31
MEXICAN BOUND
OVER TO DIST.
COURT MONDAY

Two Mexicans were arrested last
Friday evening by Marshal Baxter and
deputy sheriff Ed Loves upon q
charge of drunkenness and disorderly
conduct. They were funded $1,000 and
costs in police court before Police
Judge F. E. Allen. One of the Mexi-
cans named Melcador Serrano was
taken into custody by sheriff Humber
stone upon another and more serious
charge, that of committing statutory
crime against his young daughter. He
was given a hearing Monday before
Justice of Peace E. J. Frederick. The
defendant entered plea of not guilty
and was bound over to district rourt,
and bond fixed in the sum of $1,000.
Deputy District Attorney w. H. Pound
represented the prosecution and At
torney G. E. Hendricks appeared as
counsel for the defendant