davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

form the Imperial Government that
the Government Of the Republic was
contemplating the inclusion in the
terms Of peace 20 be offered TO Ger
many the following demands and
guarantees Of territorial nature:
l, Alsace- Lorraine TO be restored
to France
,. The frontiers are to be ex-
tended at least up 20 the limits of
former Principally Of Lorraine, and
are TO be drawn up az the discretion
of the French Government so as 10
provide for the slrategical needs
and for the inclusion in French ter
ritcry Of the entire iron district OF
Lorraine and of the entire coal dis
trict of the Sarre Valley.
;. The rest of the territories sit
uated ca the left bank Of the Rhine.
which now form part Of the Ger
man Empire. arc 10 he entirely
separated from Germany ana freed
from all political ana economic de-
pendence upon her
4. The territories Of the left bank
Of the Rhine outside French terri
tory arr TO be constituted an autOu-
( Omous and neutral state. and are to
/ be occupied by French troops until
such time as the enemy States have
completely satisfied all the condi-
tons and guarantees indicated in
the treaty of peace.
/ Your ENceileNcy stated that the
/ Government OF the Republic would be
happy 10 he able TO rely upon tae
support of the Imperial Govern
ment for the carrying out Of its
plans. ISy order of his Imperial
Majesty. my most august master, /
have the honor. In the name OF TIC
Russian Governments. to inform
Your eXcelency by the present note
that the Government Of the Repub-
lie may rely upon ;he support OF
the Imperial Government for the
carrying out OF its plans as set out
above.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

in point Of time---the London treaty
of April 20, 1915, which brought
Italy into the war--was perhaps
tho most comprehensive and far
reaching In It's results OF any OF
the secret arrangements among
the allied powers. II was the chief
obstacle at the Peace Conference.
More actual time was devoted by
the Council of 1our and other
councils and commissions at Paris
to the controversies which ragged
around this treaty than to any
other single subject discussed.
When the great war broke out
italy held aloof and bargained
with both groups of powers IL
furnished a golden opportunity for
her to realize certain natlonalistic
ambitions. She was animated, as
her foreign Minister Signor Salan-
dra) said. on Oct. IS, 1914. by the
sentiment of "sacro eRniamo'
"consecrated selfshness: and
this, he said. should guide her in
the negotiations with the helllger-
emf powers. Sonnlno told the
/ Council of Four. on April 10
(secret minutes). that Austria
had offered Italy the AdiRe and
/ the islands" But the Allies at
London apparently agreed TO more
/ favorable terms than the Austrf-
ans or the Germans would offer
In defending his action in being
n party 10 this bargaining the Brit
ish Prime Minister. Mr.. Asquit
(Feb. s, 1920, at Paisley, said
that lat the time the treaty with
Italy was made the French and
ourselves were lighting for oui
lives on the western front
The Italian treaty, Tor which no
only he but France and Russii
were equally responsible. repres
ented the terms upon which ltal!
was prepared TO jDin forces.
It involved undoubtedly the acqui
sition by Italy, If we were success
full. of not inconsiderahle acces
sions of territory"
In brief. II gave The italians tn
districts of Trentino and Trieste
which. were anciently Italian: tn
County of Goriza and Gradisca
the territory of lstria and man
islands; and IT. also gave them .
part of the Tyrol in the Brenne
Pass. which contained solid Gel
man population of 100000 whiC
had been Austrian subjects sine
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

these suggestions in formal
manner.
His Imperial Majesty was pleased
to agree to this In principle, IN
consequence of which 1 requested
DoumerRue, after communicating
with his Government, TO let me
have the draft OF an agreement,
which would then be given for
NAL sanction by an exchange OF
notes between the French Ambas-
Bador and myself.
Proceeding thus 10 meet the
wishes OF our ally, nevertheless
consider j. my duty 10 recall the
standpoint put forward by the I'M
perial Government in the telegram
OF Fob. %, 1916, No. 943, 10 the
effect that while allowing France
and England complete liberty in
dalimiting the Western frontiers
Of Germany. we expect that the
Allies on their part will give us
equal liberty IN delimiting our
frontiers with Germany and Aus
/ trla- Hungary" Hence the inn
pending exchange Of notes on the
question raised by Doumergue will
/ Justify US in asking the French
Government simultaneously Ia
confirm it's assent 20 allowing Rus
STA freedom OF action in drawing
MP her future frontiers in the
West. Exact data on the question
will be supplied by US in due
course TO the French Cabinet.
(SignedD POKROVSKY.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
What was promised Rumania
to enter the war (Treaty No.
so. Also, what she got.
Above, Salandra.

the fourteenth century. A ma
jOrity also of the population of
Istria and Characterization was
Slavic, and not Italian. 1t gave
the Italians also the Province Of
Dalmatia, with all the best har-
bors Except Funnel on the east
ern side Of the Adriatic, the town
and district of NalOna in Albania.
and ii so provided tor the nentTali-
Zatiun of all other territories
touching on the Adriatic Sea as to
make that body OF water an 'Ital-
ian lake" and 10 give Italy con
troll OF all the best ports OF entry
Except Funnel for much. OF the
great trade Of outheastern Europe.
Austria-IIungary by this treaty
was to be wholly cut off from the
sea; and many hundreds of thou
sands of Slavs. Germans, Albanians
and Greeks were to be brought
under Italian rule.
But this was not all. The Ital-
ians were also TO get the Dode-
kanese Islands OF the Eastern Me
diterranean, wholly inhabited by
Greeks. and a fright, in case Of
the partition Of Turkey, to share
equal to their (Great Britain,
France and RUSSIA in the basin
Of the Mediterranean" that is. a
large territory in Asia Minor. oc-
cupied by Greeks, Turks and oiher
natiOnalities. They were also
promised an extension Of their
territory IN Africa in case France
and Great Britain extend their
colonial possessions in Africa at
the EXPENSE OF Germany"
Besides all these territorial
promises Italy lis to get a share
OF the>war indemnity" (this is the
/ first formal reference to the sub,
| ject Of a war indemnity and a
loan from Great Britain OF So.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

in extenD in case the war was
won by the Allies.
But this was only one end OF tho
bargain. As a return for the con-
sent of Great Britain and France
land later italy, to this extention
of Russian territory and power,
Russia promises to keep secure
the economic interests OF Great
Britain and preserve similar ben
evolent attitude toard the
political aspirations of England in
other parts" These "other parts"
are in Persia. Mesopotamia and
Egypt.
Now, in 1907, Great Britain and
Russia had entered into n conven-
ton by which the two Govern
ments engaged "to respect the in
tegrity and Independence of Per-
sia." though agreeing 10 the crea-
ton of certain spheres OF intiu-
ence" for commercial purposes.
The Persians themselves were not
consulted about the matter In
1907, nor later in 1915 when the
secret treaty was made. Persia
was. indeed, one of the small M
tons early at Paris appealing 20
the President for the right OF self.
determination.
Under this new secret arrange
ment of 1915 Great Britain gets
control of the Zone Of Persia al
that time left neutral, and Russis
is assured full liberty of action
in North Persia. 1t is significant
here that by this move the Britist
government. which owned n con
trolling share i'm the Anglo-Per
sian oil Company. got within III
new "sphere Of influence" valuable
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
Carving Turkey

The greatest and richest OF the
spoils Of the war was the Turkish
Empire. 1t was TO be expected
that the disposition Of these enOr-
nous valuable territories should
present a golden opportunity for
the Old Diplomacy and this is
what. in reality. we find. Here
are q remarkable group Of secret
treaties, arrangements" CONVEX
satlons." the most entangling Of
any. and at the same time the
most enlightening in their disclOs-
ures of the real purposes and
methods of the "old order" Here
we find, most clearly exhibited,
the newer. economic. aspects Of
diplomacy. with its ccupation
with oil deposits, railroads and
pipe lines. In the case Of Turkey
the secret conversations did not
stop with the entry of America
into the war, they did not stop
even after the acceptance OF the
Fourteen Points as the. basis Of
the peace, with their provisions
concerning open diplomacy and
the agreement tin Point KID re-
garding the disposal Of Turkey.
They even continued secretly be-
tween Great Britain and France
after the Peace Conference began
to sit
All this was clearly brought out
in. secret discussions at Paris. But
the story is long. and so interest
ing and illuminating that it will
be left for the next chapter.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
Document No. g.
Telegram from the Russian Am
basSador at Paris 80 The Russian
Minister of Foreign Affairs.

March II, 1917.
See my reply to telegram No. 167,
No. 2. Tho Government of the
French Republic, anxious TO confirm
the Importance of the treaties con-
cluded with the Russian Govern
ment in 1915 for the settlement on
the termination of the war of the
question of Constantinople and the
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
we COME now TO a considera-

- tOMb NOW to cOHsluera-
wv ton of exactly what these
"secret treaties" were; the
actual agreements they contained
Here are not only presented. in
outline. those which were revealed
when the secrets of the old Rus
sian Foreign Office were disclosed
in. November. 1917, and later con-
nrmed or further explained at
Paris, but others, like the Sykes
picot treaty and the secret agree
ment of st. Jean de Maurienne for
the partition of Turkey, which
emerged into the half light of the
Peace Conference and caused a
bitter controversy there.
one of the most important of
all these secret understandings,
in its effect upon the United
States, was kept secret, so far as
Its specific terms were concerned.
until the Peace Conference at
Paris reached the consideration Of
the problems of the Pacific. |
mean the arrangement between
the Allies and Japan concerning
the disposition of Shantung in
China and the partition of the
German Pacific islands between
Japan and the British Empire.
Only ono of these profoundly i'm
portant treaties - the London
treaty Of 1915. by which Italy was
brought into the war-has thus
tar had an official publication.
\ number of lesser secret ar
ranCemcnts" which can only be
touched upon in this preliminar>
article. hut will be fully treated IN
Their proper places. emerged. some
times almost casually, during The
Peace Conference. such, for ca
ample, as the agreement between
Great Britain and France for the
division OF Tocoland and the
Camcroons in Africa, the furthe
ARRANGEMENTS for the partition OF
Turkey. the projects FOR building
railroads (and even a pipe linel
TO connect Mesoptamia with the
Mediterranean Sea Some of these
conversations went on, not only
after America came into the war
not only after the general accept
ance Of the peace program as laid
down by President Wilson in Jan
uary. 1918. but continued straight
through the year 1918 and actu
ally into the Peace Conference. a:
! shall show.
And they are going on still, FOL
they are the natural and inevitable
expression Of old diplomatic meth
DDS. only yesterday October
1920 we find the French secretl!
negotiating a compact with tn
Angora Turks which the British
have since been bitterly critics
Ing and resentinC.
Here are the descriptions Of tn
most important secret treaties:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
France and Russia Agree a. To
the Control of Poland and the
Dismembcrment of Germany.

On March II, 1917, month
before America came into the
war. a remarkable secret agree
ment was concluded between
France and Russia-apparently
without consulting Great Britain.
The purpose of this was to ALLOW
France and England complete
freedom in drawing up the west
ern frontiers of Germany" on con
dition that they give 10 Russia
equal freedom in drawing up our
frontiers with Germany and Aus
tria." In other words, France was
to decide what should be done
with all of Germany west OF the
Rhine and Russia was to have a
free hand with Poland.
These secret memoranda are SO
profoundly important, in view OF
developments later at the Peace
Conference, that they are here
reproduced:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
Document No. I,
Confidential Telegram from the
Russian Minister of Foreign At
fairs (Ni. Pokrovslly) to the
Russian Ambassador at Paris.


Copy to London confidentially.
At an audience with the Most
High (the Car NJ. Doumergue
submitted to the Emperor the de
sire of France to secure for her
self 1T the end of the present war
the restoration of Alsace-Lorralne
and a special position in the valley
of the River Saar, as well as 10
attain the political separation
from Germany of her trans-Rhein-
lsh districts and their organiza-
ton on a separate basis in order
that in future the River Rhine
might form a permanent strategy
cal frontier against a Germanic
invasion. Doumergue expressed
the hope that the Imperial Gov
eminent would not refuse imme-
diately to draw up its assent to
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
What be the Italian boundaries under the London Treaty
(Treaty No. p. Also, what she got. Above, Asquth

is largely occupied by a non
Rumanian popula ton. This treaty
was kept a secret between the
three great allies and Rumania
from their loyal small ally Serbia,
a cause Of much later bitterness.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

oil wells. This company holds a
siXty-years concession (from l90D
TO all the oil fields Persia
except those IN the northern PROV
inces where Russia was in control
This agreement was kept entirely
secret from the people Of Great
Britain and France (as well as
from those OF RUSSIA until just
before the fall of the old Russian
government, and then, it was
thought that if the fact that Rus
STA was at last TO realize IT'S ancient
ambition to get COnstantinople was
10 be dragged attractiyely before
the Russian people it might help
10 bring them more strongly to the
support OF the lettering Car. So
this end of the arrangement was
suddenly made public; but its ef-
fects seemed exactly contrary TO
what was expected. II was used
by the Ievolutionaries as only an
other proof of the duplicity their
own governments: and one Of the
first things the Revolutionary gov
eminent did was 10 renOunce all
territorial ambitions, and to take
their stand upon the formula: mo
anneXations, no indemnities, self
determination of peoples"
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
Russia Gets Constantinopic; Great
iBritain's Rights i'm Persia
and Turkey.

In point Of time the first of
these secret treaties was made
between Great Britain and France
on the one hand. and their ally
Russia on the other. and our
knowledge OF il comes from three
memoranda OF the Russia Foreign
Office dated March 4. 1915; March
Is. 1915, and March 90, 1915. In
the first OF these memoranda the
wish" of Russia to annex Con-
stantinople. provided the war is
successfully terminated. is set
forth: and the assent of France
and England is noted provided
their demands both
within the confines OF the Ottoman
Empire and in other places. are
satisfied. The second memOran-
DUN reports the complete con-
sent in writing" by the British
Government. Ito the annexation
by Russia of the Straits and Con
stantinople. The third and most
important document which finally
clinches the whole matter and
shows what England was to have
as her share OF the bargain, is
here published in full;
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

The purpose Of this secret ar
rangement II. of course, clear
enough. Ever since the time
OF Peter the Great. Russia had had
her convetous eyes upon Con
stantinople and the Straits, for
her ambition and her needs was 20
secure an unrestricted outlet TO
warm water for her commerce.
This she had been prevented from
securing, chiefly u. the British
policy of maintaining the power Of
the sick man Of Europe" the
Sultan, who controlled the Ros-
phorus. She therefore took the
earliest opportunity in the great
war TO demand from her allies the
right TO annex this Turkish ter
ritory (some 800 square miles
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
The l,umanian secret treaty

The case OF Rumana Yves sim-
liar to that of italy. but she hest
tated for much longer as to which
side she would fight with. Both
offered attractive bats: Germany
promised 10 give her Bcssarahia--
which belonged 10 Russia and
Russia promised 10 give her ez-
tensive territories-w which be-
longe TO Austria-Hungary. But
no agreement was formally made
until Aug. lS. 1916, when a secret
treaty was signed by the Allies
which gave to RTmania not only
Pennsylvania, which contained a
large Rumanian population, but
also rich agricultural territories in
Hungary. ana the territory Of the
Banat. largely occupied by Serbs
and HunFariana and Bukovina,
formerly a part Of Austria, which
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
Confidential Telegram from the
Russian Minister of Foreign
Affairs 20 the Russian Ambassa-
dor in London No. 1865.

referring 10 the memorandum
OF the British Embassy here Of
March -. 1915. viii you please
express TO Grey the profound graf
ituLe OF the Imperial Government
for Che complete and final assent
of Great Britain 10 the solution
OF the question of the Straits and
COnstantinople. in accordance with
Russla's desires. The Imperial
Government fully appreciates The
sentiments of the British Govern
ment and feels certain that a
sincere recognition Of mutual in
terests will secure forever the
firm friendship between Russia
and Great Britain.
Having already given its prom
Use respecting the conditions OF
trade in the Straits and COnstan-
tinople. the Imperial Government
sees no objection TO confirming its
assent TO the establishment % %
free transit through CONSTANT
nople for all goods not proceed
ing 10 Russia, and CD free pas
sage through the Straits for mer-
chant vessels shares the
views of the British Government
that the holy Moslem places must
also in future remain under an
independent Moslem rule. 1t is
desirable TO elucidate at once
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
nnc1,rncnt No. 2.

Copy Of Note from the Russian
Minister of Foreign Affairs to
The French Ambassador at
PetrOgrad (M. DOumerguc).
Tcb. Il. 1917.
In your note Of tod1y's date your
Excellence WIS good enough 10 in
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

600, 900 pounds. so was Italy's
support In the war purchased by
The final article (16) Of this
treaty declares:
"The present treaty is TO be
kept secret"
II was not, indeed. officially
published until April 20. 1920,
and it Ia the only one OF She secret
treaties that so far has had an Of
fetal publication. II was. how
over published by tho Bolshevists
in November, 1917, and its gen
ernl terms were known long be
fore that in Germany and Austria.
Indeed. they were widely pla-
carde,l by Austrian Generals 20
stir up the animosity of the Croat-
ians and Slovenes against the ltal-
ians, for the Croatians and Slo-
venes, hoping for union with Ser
bla I'm n new state, and looking 70
the Allies as their friends, saw
Italy rewarded by being given ter
TORY and ports which they con
sidered as belonging to them. Thi.
treaty also, no doubt, had q disil
lusioning and poisoning effect al
through the Balkans, Il was prob
ably one great argument used ~
| the Germans In persuading Bull
garia TO enter the war on the sid
of the Central Powers. IL un
doubtedly embittered and pro
( lonEed the great war.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04
The London Secret Treaty: italy
the Promise Of Dalmafia and
is Brought Into the War
by Other Territory.

The second of the secret treaties
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-03-04

is the question Of railway con-
struction in the neutral zone which
will require further amicable dis
cussion.
The Imperial Government eZ-
poets that in future its full liberty
of action will be recognized in the
sphere of influence allotted to #.
coupled in particular with the
right Of preferentially develop
ing in that sphere its financial and
economic policies
(Signed) SAZONOFF.
(Zazonoif was the Russian Min
lister Of foreign Affairs
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-05-10
HARVARD

Miss Edith Gray of Viola completed
a successful term of school in the
Woodfell district Friday The school
was closed with fine program by the
school children in the afternoon This
being Miss Gray's first term, she prov
ed herself to be an able and efficient
teacher, handling her school work in
a thorough and capable manner, and
leaves her school with the highest of
recommendations While here she
won the esteem of a large circle Of
friends who regret that the closing of
the school term necessitates her de-
parture from this community.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. D. Morrissey re-
turned Saturday from Spokane, where
Mr. Morrissey has been in the hospit-
al during the past several weeks fol-
lowing a serious operation. He is still
quite weak, though steadily gaining
with good chances for complete re-
covery
Mr.. and Mrs. Sylvan Davis returned
the first of last week from a visit with
relatives in Portland, after visiting
here for few days, they left for Bo-
will where Mr.. Davis has a position
and where they will make their flu
ture home.
Mrs. Sarah Butterfeld returned Fri
day from an extended visit with
friends at Yakima, Wash
Mrs. Marie Stark of Spokane visit
ed friends here last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Whittier
and A. d. Wright Of the Crane Creek
country, were visitors up the river
Sunday
August Anderson returned last
week from Newport, Wash, where he
has been working during the past
two years. Mr.. Anderson has pur-
chased team and will farm his place
at Cedar Grove this summer.
George By and W. E. Saxton were
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-05-10

cling expenses, clerk hire, minus
whatever extra expense would be in
Cured by sheriffs, constables, etc.. in
assuming the duties of the wardens.
Making saving to the taxpayer of
around 100000 in road and school
taxes AS long as we have the game
Wardens, the other officers. to a GER
tain extent. depend upon othem to
enforce the law Remove the ward
ems and the other officers will feel
the burden resting upon themselves.
This will be self local government.
If our regularly elected officers would
not enforce the law, the wardens will
not For as soon as they are out of
sight great many people act just
as if they did not exist Another bad
feature about the law is the So IL
cense One dollar for individuals is
enough and So for families where
three or four will hunt Under this
system more people would buy licens-
es, just as more people will ride on
train when the fare is cheap than
when it is high. And this would give
more people the privilege of hunting.
AS it is now, many people take chanc-
es and hunt without a license.
AS to the game birds that are turn
ed loose by the gun clubs. we sup
pose the farmer in whose fields they
are reared, has half interest in
them. All unnecessary officers should
be weeded out Expenses should be
cut down In some places the tax ex-
ceeds per cent on the valuation.
Now, we have not written this with
any bad intention. but we do hope |
and trust that no one will get Of
Tended, and write reply that savors
Of soreness
r GRAY
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-05-10
Charter No. rs
Report of the Condition of
patti tTCH CrEArE RtNK

Potlatch, Idaho, in the State of Idaho,
at the close of business May 5, 1922
RECOTTP CI1C
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1922-05-10
RESOURCES

WILLIAM E. CAHILL, Cashier
W. K. ARMOUR, Asst. Cashier