The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-11-08
USE HYDROPH0NE
IN PEACE AND WAR
Submarine Detector De
veloped to Aid in Navi-
cation of Ships in Fog
BLISTER SYSTEM USED
Steel Shell Attached TO Yes
sei's Hull Forms Ears
to Take Sounds


the sound receiver attached 90 ships
90 detect submarines. are sim be.
Ing continued by tho United State,
navy, although the success of thlf
instrument has beCu such thut HlI
capital ships ana dcstroyora are be.
ing equipped with the apparatus
For final development. no uuthorl-
tfeA after testing many other forms
OF devices. have decided on tho
blister" form ~ sound receiver.
This form OF hydrophuuo consistH
of two types. electrical and aDous-
tical. OF the two types. the ucOuH-
teal ls considered the best az II
maintains tho original tone 10 a
greater degree than those operated
by electricity.
The blister ~ tho hydrophono f.
the receiving part. and IL "a bulge
riveted on 10 the shell of tho ship.
The blister hholl is about thirty
Inches long, three inches wide ana
bulgos out about slN inches. The
ships being equipped with these de-
vices havo two bllsters each, flttod
as fer forward on the underwater
hull Of the vessels ms In possible.
one blister n fitted on tho star
board side ana the other on tho port
eide.
The bllbtcr shell II made of light
steel plating ana, together with the
shell OF tho ship TO which II In rlv-
eted forms moro or less water
tight compartment and thus gives
a dead water space In which the
receiving unitH or ears are located.
Tho receiving units are shielded
from tho internal noises OF tho ship
by mechanical means
In Ihg nnpnaIigaI fkna ~ hItafar
the sound IL picked up from the
water hy number OF receiving units
or ears within each blister ana con-
ducted from each receiving unit or
ear TO an instrument within the
ship called the Compcnsator. The
receiving units In each blister are
tied together In groups through the
componsntor.
The compcnsator IN 50 constructed
that the length Of the sound path
from each group OF receiving units
may be varied and thus control the
phase at which tho vibrations OF
the sound source IRE received and
the direction Of the sound source
may no determined. Tho accuracy
OF the instrument for locating the
sound source under favorable con
ditlOns Is shown by the location
OF a sound source with an accuracy
better than one degree.
The electrical type OF blister is
similar In principle In all respects
to tho acoustical type, the differ
ence exists In that electrical rcceiv-
Ing units and loaded electric cir
cults replace the rubber receivers,
tubes ana compenaator ~ the acous-
teal type,
In timo Of war an enemy suhmn-
rino IL seen and suhmergcs, the op-
orator os the hydrophone listens and,
having been trained as iistGnor.
is able to distinguish the noiso Of
the submarines propollcrs from
other noises. lie hears the sound
from the submarines propellers and
the compensation and
finds that the sound seems To be.
say, To the right, and then operates
the cOmpensator su that he brings
the sound around To the loft until
he apparently hears the sound di-
rectly ahead, with reference to him
self
Tho bearing of tho sound source
with reference 10 the ships head
can then be read directly from the
scale OF the compensation. Tho shin
would thon change It's course toward I
the Ssubmarine fand follow II by
means of the hydvophono until the
sound from the submarine appeared
tn come from very near or under
the ship, when depth bombs would
he dropped for tho purpose of de-
stroying the submarine.
The hydrophone Is also used for
locating known submarine bclls ana
oscilRtors and Tor taking suuudings
enabling by this means the deter
" the ships position in Il
log SoundinEs may hc very ac-
curately obtained 10y this means
The accuracy is such that depths
uf 500 fathoms may he determined
within approximately siN feet.
The principles used In the appli-
cation OF the hydrophone have been
applied In an elementary way Tor
many years Tor nnvigatlonal pur-
poses In picking up submarine bells
or oscillators, II II only since the
outbreak of the World war that ir-
struments have been developed
which We are able 10 determine the
OF the sound source with
the desired accuracy,
The application OF this principle
to tho problem OF measuring depths
has been coincideut with this de-
velopmont. In this operation the
measurement is made by recording
the elapsed time from tho making
Of sound ON board the ship hN
the inception nf this SQUAD ns echo
from the bottom. Sometimes
special sound Is made. Sometimes
the propeller sounds are employed
The velocity OF the travel Of sound
To the bottom ana return by echo
Is well known. and the depth may
easily be obtained lE reference TO a