The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-03-13

price SS, TO yield about S.l6. I'm
amount Of S1,5OO,0OO. for refunding,
and other corp. purposes; SkClly
oil company first NJ. and coll. tr.
1-2s, 1891, price 100 20 yield about
Z 1-2, In amount OF $3,500.OO0 for
retiring floating debt aud capital
broadest OF the sciences, and brings
under consideration certain phases
of nearly all the other sciences, par
ticularly those Of astronomy physics,
chemistry, zoology and botany. 1t
also embraces the earlier expressions
OF mental development and Of life
relationships, chiefly as found in the
lower animals.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 80 broad
n science has many special aspects
which constitute subdivisions. in a
sense, though they are rather domi.
nant phases than independent sec
tlons That phase which treats OF
the outer relations OF the earth Is
astronomic geology: that which
treats Of the constituent parts of the
earth and Us material is ReoEnosy, Of
which the most important branch is
petrology. the science OF rocks, That
branch which investigates the struc-
tural Arrangement OF the material,
or the architecture Of the earth Is
structural geology; while that which
deals with the surface changes and
topographic forms, that Is, with the
face, is photographic geology. The
study of the fossils that have been
preserved in the rocks, and of the
fauna and flora that these imply,
constitutes paleontology. Theitreat-
ment OF the succession OF events
forms historical geology, This Is
chiefly worked out by the succession
of beds laid down In the progress of
the ages, which constitutes strait
graphic geology. The treatment OF
causes, agencies. and processes is
the function OF dynamic geology.
Petroleum (from petro, rock and
oloum, OLD sometimes called rock oil
or mineral oil, is chemically hydro
carbon compound containing from
81 TO 81 per cent carbon and IL TO
10 per cent hydrogen with varying
small amounts OF sulphur. nitrogen
and oxygen. It's specific gravity
varies from .7s2 to $50 as compared
with water with a specific gracity
Of 1000. In color IL varies from
light green to greenish brown to
black,
"Orlgln-Two theories called the
organic theory and the inorganic
theory. have been advanced TO ac-
count for the origin Of petroleum
While the greater number OF Eeo!o-
gists are advocates Of the organic
theory Of origin, there are, perhaps,
enough occurrences of petroleum
which cannot be explained by that
theory to warrant the assumption
that petroleum has also been formed
in nature in some such way as the
inorganic theory advances.
Migration--Water is held on the
earth. not only In the basins of the
lakes, oceans, etc, but also IN inc
crevicos, cavities, and pOre-spaces OF
the rocks making up the outer shell
Of the earth. II has been estimated
that were the surface Of the earth
perfectly spherical, the water now
on II would cover 1t everywhere 10
depth OF two miles.
Furthermore, the water in the
rocks, or the ground water, is large
" in movement. or lies ponded in
structural basins or traps. The fact
| OF the presence and importance Of
| these underground waters is strik-
| inglv shown by the great volumes OF
water encountered in many mines.
Whenever petroleum has been
aggregated in sizahlc bodies more or
/ less migration has taken place.
| Where water Is also present In the
/ porous medium the oil and gas VIII
! tend to migrate upward and VIII
seek the highest available point of
/ the containing stratum. Where no
I water II present the fluid viii settle
according 10 gravity The extent OF
/ the migration vertically and later
Ially depends upon number OF vary
/ ing factors.
/ These facts regarding the migra-
/ ton of petroleum and the relation
ships Of the pools 20 structural
/ features were recognized os carly as
IlSGl by Hunt and by 1892 j. O.
/ White had developed tho autloliuai
theory and put It 10 practical test
Before proceeding further il VIII
/ he advisable TO explain certain geo.
| logical terms.
IAN auuclire is nm up-fold or arch
/ Of rock strata dipping In opposite d.
reoti0us from an axis.
"A dome IL an uphold wherein
/ the rock strata dip iu all directions
away from a central point
"a synciine is down-fold win
he strata dipping In opposite dircc'
/ tiOUs toward an axis.
"a terrace ia the result of ia" Joe
cal Nattcuing I'm the normal rate of
dip OF the strata,
Licensed Sand-A porous torma'
. ton which pinches out I'm any dir'c'
tion,
"Tho term structure rs somewhat
loosely used in general 10 denote any
of the forms of the up-folds which
may cause the trapping Of petro
leum.
'"The term sands a. generally
used is meant TO denote any porous
strata capable Of acting as res"r'
v0irs for petroleum, Under thh
classification come not only typica
gondstones, but also cuugiomoratos
llmeNoncs and doiomi,es containing
: solution or shrinkaga cavities. ais.