davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09
WRIGHT SCHOOL

Matt and Freeman Johnson were
called To Shepherd Monday to see
their cousin who is very i'll.
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Metcalf enter
tanned about 80 of their friends at a
progressive pedro party Friday even
ing. Prizes were won by Mrs. Fred
Rockafellow and Elmer MUM, and
boobic prizes were awarded to Mrs.
Roy Scott and Clyde Webb.
Mrs. Lizzie Church of Saginaw was
called here Thursday TO attend the
funeral of her father-in-law, the late
Mr.. Church.
Mrs. Giles Isham entertained her
mother from Bricc one day last week.
School opened Monday after two
weeks vacation on account of the i'll
ness Of the teacher.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charlie Judy enter
tanned company from Mt. Pleasant on
Saturday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. o. Bigelow spent Sun
day with Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Fink.
Mr.. and Mrs Elmer MUM and son
Wilson spent Sunday with her sister
in st. Louis.
Mr.. and Mrs. Miller and Mrs. Krcss
spent Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Fred
Rockafcllow
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09
TOWN LINE

Pat Whitcraft of Merle Beach spent
Sunday and Monday with relatives
and friends here.
Willis Lemon went to Merle Beach
Sunday to visit relatives.
Claude Church and family autoed
near Lansing Sunday and spent the
day with friends.
George Ferris who has been visit
ing near Lansing and Carson City re-
turned to his home near Forest Hill.
Monday.
Frank Whitcraft and family spent
rom Monday till Wednesday night
with relatives near Lansing.
George Jarret and son Avery are
moving on the Zumbrink farm.
Mrs. Fred Kyes entertained a COM
pany of lady friends on Monday after
noon.
Miss Lula Ellis is improving some
at this writing.
Roy Raycraft has been on the sick
list.
Mrs. Giles Isham has been enter
tanning her daughter, Mrs. Cora Van
core, of Pompeii.
Will Oman has moved to Alma.
Gus Bryan of Alma spent the week
md with Mr.. and Mrs. John Shoe
maker.
i. II. Church passed away at his
home last week after several months
illness.
Mr.. and Mrs. BARLEY has been en-
pertaining their daughter, Mrs. Good
win Of Ithaca.
Frank and Purl Whitcraft and Geo.
Shoemaker autocd to Farwell, Sunday
afternoon.
Walter Mallory passed away at his
home near Elwell, this week, after
few weeks illness of pneumonia.
Henry Sandell was a caller in Al
ma, Thursday.
School began in Wright District,
Monday, after two weeks vacation on
account of the teachers illness.
Ernie Femby of Alma was a caller
in this vicinity Monday.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09
ITHACA

Members of the Ladies Circle Club
entertained their husbands Thursday
evening at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
FINS II. Mckay. Thirty-five partook
of the dinner which was served at $50
and afterward enjoyed a social even
ing and program. Club hostess at
the next meeting will be Mrs. Joseph
Kinsel at the home of her daughter,
Mrs. Frank Iseman.
Miss Lois Stanton was called the
past week from Wheaton, H., where
she attends college, by the critical ill
ness of her brother.
The February meeting Of Jean Tor
renee chapter ID. A. r. will be held
at the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. j. l..
Potts.
Mrs. Portia Wells has returned
home after spending several weeks
with her son, George Wells, in Mil
waukee.
G. A. Sevey of st. Johns spent a
day the past week with his mother,
Mrs. j. c. Sevey.
Rev. William Roberts was in Alma
on business Monday.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09
RIVERDALE

Mrs. Fred Letter has been spending
he past week with relatives at De.
troit.
Mrs. Norman Brownridge anG
daughter, Margaret, visited at the
nome Of Mr.. and Mrs. David Bush OF
Isabella county for several days last
week.
DR.. and Mrs. L. S. Morey of Breck-
enridge were Riverdale visitor,
Thursday.
Mrs. George Wilson is visiting rel
atives at Mt. Pleasant and Flint.
Mrs. Henry Valance is caring for
her sister. Mrs. Fred Greenman, who
is very i'll at her home northeast OF
town.
w. n. Gilbert of Bay City was in
town Tuesday on business.
Millard Hopkins was in Ithaca last
Tuesday on business.
Mrs. l.. A. GARNER entertained
friends from Lansing the first of the
week
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Letter spent
Thursday with relatives at Six Lakes
Miss Lucille Jerome Of Alma spent
the week end with Mr.. and Mrs
Henry Battles.
Mrs. b. F. Schnepp and children
visited relatives at Forest Hill last
week.
Miss Pauline Reed of Battle Greek
has been the guest of Prof. d. D.
Snider the past week, and was enter
tanned during her stay here at the
home Of Mrs. Cora Num-.
DR.. and Mrs. Highfield entertained
relatives and friends from Port Lamb
ton, Ontario, over the week end.
Alexander Black was in Ithaca last
Thursday on business.
Glenn Schnepp is gaining nicely
from the accident which injured his
foot so badly, while he was packing
ice at Pontiac last week.
Mrs. Stanton and daughter, Mrs
Lyle Nelson, spent Saturday at Alma.
VIM. Miller visited relatives near
Sumner several days last week.
Last Saturday was Tag Day for
the Gratiot County Sunday School
Association, which was quite a sue
cess. The proceeds will be used in
organizing new Sunday schools
throughout the county, and for the
benefit Of the Sunday schools now or
gained.
Don't forget to attend the Good
Health meeting at the NJ. f. church
Friday, February 10th. The Gratiot
County nurse, Miss Hannah Acker-
man, with two representatives of the
State Board of Health will give talks.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09

Their time will be devoted TO the
smaller children i'm the forenoon, and
i'm the afternoon they will address the
parents, and older boys and girls.
Scholars from nearby schools are re-
quested to be present also.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Scramlin north
Of town were guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Peter Britten Saturday.
Born TO Mr.. and Mrs. Edward
Freed, Friday, January 27, son.
Jack Moblo was in Alma Friday on
business.
Mr.. and Mrs. Claude Britten visited
relatives at Alma last week.
l.. ID. Seitz spent Tuesday in Alma
with his daughter, Mrs. Lloyd Osborn
Mrs. Frank Cleveland Of Alma was
week end guest Of Rev. and Mrs. ii
Il. Strong.
Mr. and Mrs. Vern Johnson and sor
visited friends at Sumner Sunday.
X. +. Ross spent the week end with
relatives at st. Louis.
The Ladies Aid Society of the FL
well NJ. +. church were entertained
at the parsonage in Riverdale by Rev
and Mrs. Strong Wednesday, Feb. s
! The members of the Rivcrdale AiC
Society were also invited guests, ant
very enjoyable social time wa:
spent by all. A pot luck dinner wa.
served at noon.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09
Catarrhal Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications. as they cannot
reach the diseased portion Of the car
Catarrhal Deafness requires constitu-
tioral treatment. HALLS CATARRH
MEDICINE is a constitutional remedy.
Catarrhal Deafness is caused by AN in
the Eustachian Tube. When this tube is
inflaned you have n rumbling sound or
imperfect hearing. and when ii is entire
~ closed. Deafness is the result. Unless
the Inflammation can he reduced. your
hearing may he destroyed forever
HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE acts
through the blood on the mucous sur
faces Of the system. thus reducing the in
fiammation and restoring normal cordi-
lions
Circulars free. MI Druggists.
+. j. Cheney & Co.. Toledo Ohio.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09

Mr. and Mrs. Clare Reynolds have
moved To Greenville where Mr.. Rey-
nolds has position in bank.
The Woman's Foreign Missionary
society of the Methodist church held a
meeting Tuesday at the home Of Mrs.
C. NJ. Brown.
II. C. Reed was in Saginaw Monday
to attend florists convention.
Mrs. Nj. A. Simcox is spending ten
days in Mt. Pleasant the guest of her
daughter and husband, Mr.. and Mrs.
Webb Mccall.
Married Thursday, Rev. l.. l.. Dew
ey officiating, Clarence +. Helms Of
Perrinton and Mrs. Maude b. Smith,
Ovid.
The ladies of the Social club were
entertained Thursday afternoon by
Mrs. n. f.. Gibbs. The company num-
bered 10 members and two visitors,
Mrs. John Pinney and Mrs. Ives Me
Creole A social afternoon was en-
which Mrs Ray Mccall won the hon
or. After exchanging books a delic-
ious luncheon was served by the hos
tess. Next meeting Of the club will
be entertained by Mrs. Howard
Mathews at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
John Mathews.
Dr. Carl Ranger who has been very
i'll is improving slowly.
Ezra Devcreaux was called home
from Wheaton, H., the past week by
the illness and death of his grand
mother, Mrs. William Gamble, of
Alma.
Mrs. NJ. c. Lake and son, Carl, left
Friday to join Mr.. Lake at Lakeland,
Fla. Mr.. Lake has been there two
months.
A small company was entertained
at o'clock dinner Thursday evening
by Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Peabody the
occasion being the birthday annivers-
airy of Mr.. Peabody's father, Charles
Peabody.
The Travelling Salesman, play
written by James Forbes is to be civ.
en- by the Ithaca Community Players
Club Thursday evening Feb. 9, for the
benefit of the Presbyterian Ladies
Aid Society.
Elmer Voress of Sidney, Ohio, is
spending a few weeks at Ithaca with
his brother, j. l.. Voress.
The Past Noble Grand club will
meet with Mrs. Robert McNabb Tues
day, February II. Important bust.
ness matters have to be disposed of
at this meeting and it is desired that
every member be present.
Mrs. Libbie Watkins and Mrs. Alice
Clark were called Monday to Crane
Rapids because of the death of 3
sisters husband, Curtis Wilbur.
Mrs. w. f. Pierce and daughter
Mrs. Earl Willert, of Middleton were
guests Friday Of Mrs. r. p Reynolds
The north division Of the Ladies
Aid Society Of the Methodist church
held a meeting Wednesday with then
president, Mrs. Norton Gibbs.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. c. Reed and child
rem were guests Sunday of the for.
mer's mother, Mrs. W. T. Reed, II
Ovid
Friday evening the Yinger quar-,
tette Of st. Louis will give an enter.
tanment at the Ithaca NJ f. church
n. f. Glassbrook, state manager
for the Ohio National Insurance com.
oany in Michigan, and l.. B. Dolsen
district manager of Grand Rapids
| With their wives were guests at the
banquet given Thursday evening al
| the Seaver house at Ithaca for Ohio
National men in Gratiot county. My
ron +. Burkett district manager Of
this county presided as master Of Ger
emonies Of the after dinner program
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09

The Story of
Our States
BY JONATHAN BRACE
VIII.
SOUTH CAROLINA
1 6 !: >: J"
AS.SSsM MN% had been
mTN[lEktN IW made pro-
EAeMsA GVNN prietary gov
V3Nt.xypANsSN ernment, in
@sS&0 like manner
- the territory
extending from Virginia to Flor
ida was granted by Charles III
I'm 1868 TO eight gentlemen as
reward for their efforts in his
behalf. The name Carolina
comes from the Latin, Carolus,
meaning Charles. 1t was not
really named after Charles III,
but originally in honor of Charles
TX, king of France, by Hugue-
nots who built fort near Beau
fort in 1867.
The fact that the Carolinas
became later two distinct colo
MES was due TO chance. 1t hap
pcned that the earliest settle
: ments located at points far re-
moved from each other. The
: first permanent settlements in
South Carol ma were about
Charleston, while those ia North
Carolina were around Alhemarle
sound. The life in the two Sec
tons also was quite different.
! South Carolina was largely de-
> voted To the cultivation Of rice
, and indigo and the planters soon
grew very rich with their large
, estates on which the labor was
performed by slaves. In fact,
just before the Revolution the
population showed twice as many
blacks as whites.
In 1929 the government of the
Carolinas was turned back by
the lord proprietors to the king
and there was then formed the
two separate provinces.
South Carolina was the eighth
state to adopt the Constitution,
the vote of ratification being
passed in May, 1888. The Pal
, mettO state, as South Carolina
is sometimes called, extends over
309S9 square miles, and it par
ticipates in the presidential &c
ton to the extent of nine cleo
tors.
20 By Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate.)
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-09

With the government now adding
its influence to promote proper main
tenance, it is thought that an increase
interest in the keeping of such records
will result in great saving to the tax.
payers.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02
Heart Problems

Dear Mrs. Thompson: am a girl
IL years old. One night my girl friend
and were down town together and
we stopped in an ice cream parlor to
get a soda. While we were eating
1t two nice-lookinG boys sat down at
the table with us and started to Joke.
They paid for our sodas and when
we left they went out with us and
asked Us to take a walk We didn't
stay out long because nv father
makes me get in at 10 o'clock. The
boys walked home with US and seemed
to like US very much. My friend
kissed me without asking me and said
all sorts of nice things.
| did not see him for a long time
and then one night l saw MIN with
another girl. l spoke to him and he
didn't speak to me. Do you think he
recognized me, or because it was night
when we were together he did not
remember my face. Should l go up
to him and remind him that We were
together that night, the next time we
meet DOROTHY.
A man does not consider it neces-
sary to speak TO a girl when he has
picked her up" on a street corner
or in a soda parlor as was your case. !;
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02
Crowds Inspect New
Vibrationless Motor
First Demonstration of New Au-
tonobile Super Engine" At
tracts Widespread Inter
est Among Local
Motorists.

Have you seen the vibrationless
Dyna-Motor? If net, and you are IN
terested in the latest developments IN
motor cars, you can spend a profit
able hour at the Velie exhibit. Free
demonstrations of the engine will be
conducted daily, according to L. V.
Rowley, district representative for the
Velie Motors Corporation, who is SUI
pervising the exhibit. Every one in
terested is invited.
The Dyna-Motor is truly a vibra-
tionless engine. Heralded at the New
York Automobile Show as a revolu-
tionary triumph in motor construction,
il proved to motorists here yesterday
that it has perfect right to its repu-
tation Motorists who attended the
early demonstration marvelled at the
smooth flowing power of the Dyna-
Motor. Standing beside the hood ii
was easy to converse without raising
the voice so silently did the motor
run at high speed. Putting a hand
on the motor not a tremor could be
felt. With gears in neutral and throt-
tie wide open, the engine simply
purred like a dynamo in a concrete
base.
BY eliminating vibration the Dyna-
Motor reduces friction. increases gaso-
line mileage and maintains perfect
performance under almost any condi-
ton AS a hill-climber it is said to be
without a peer. After seeing the dem
onstration you will agree that it is
superior bit of machinery-unlike any
thing you have ever seen.
While Mr. Rowley has not yet
placed the local agency for the new
Dvna- Motor driven Velie, he proposes
70 do so before the exhibit closes.
The agency should be profitable one
in this territory, as many motorists
who have seen the new motor have al
ready expressed their intention of buy
ing this summer.
Mr. Rowley is holding open house"
AT the exhibit Drop in for few min
utes tomorrow. 1t will be time well
spent.
Exhibit located at North Tenth
street. Westcott hotel building. Elk
hibit open evenings .-Advertisement.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02
Suburban

ELDORADO, Ohio-E. o. Murray
and family of New Paris, Herbert
Rinehart and family of near Hollans-
burg, Rev. Leroy w Cones and fam
lily, of near Haverhill, Mass, were
visitors Sunday with Mrs. Elmira
Coons and Frank Eyer and family.
Mrs. Nellie .Colvin and son, Joe, spent
Sunday with relatives at New Paris.
e. A Holcomb and family are home
from Oxford, where ne was attending
school. MI and Mrs. Marshall
Harrison are the parents Of baby
daughter which arrived Monday night.
Lester Geeting and family spent the
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02

week end with Dayton friends. Miss
Vera Eyer returned to her work, al
Dayton, after a two weeks vacation
with friends. -. Miss Helen Miller, of
Oxford, spent the week end with Mrs.
Martha Miller. Rev. Leroy McCoons
and family of Haverhill, Mass, are
spending several days with. relatives.
F. NJ. Deem and family entertained
Sunday, Mr.. and Mrs Orlan Denlinger
of Castine and Mrs. Fred Eyer.
Homer Trick and family entertained
Sunday at o'clock dinner, Martin
Miller and family and Herman Copp
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02
0che9lsWall FIoWer['
SeY = by Marion Rubincam SESA

at the other end and large chicken
house and yard.
One of the best kept farms about
here" Morton said as they walked
aimlessly about. And a peach of a
house"
I'm show you the play house. 1
wish Aunt Maude would let father and
me live there, but she says it costs too
much to repair the roof" Dora an
swered and led the way toward the
fields back of the farmhouse.
Beyond the barn, partly hidden by it.,
was quaint little building of blue
gray stone, they hauled it from the
quarry at Knob HILL Dora told Nor
ton. minus its windows and part of its
roof 1t was four rooms big-two down
stairs, two above. Here and there
plaster was off the laths, shutters kept
out some of the light and rain from
the windows, the floors were of thick
pine boards good for a century more.
we played here at keeping house
when we were kids" Dora went on,
pushing open the door.
Inside was a most curious LOT of odds
and encs. Two hooded cradles sat on
the table, gigantic soup tureen minus
10 III, Win great Design or Mowers
IN pink lustre sat in a doorless cup
board. Chairs with parts of backs,
tables often without one of the legs,
four poster beds taken apart and lying
on the floor, spinning wheels, old
looms, wool carding machines. rag rugs
ana samplers were all mixed in with
discarded kitchen odds and ends of ali
sorts of junk
! Il like this old furniture" Dora said
unconscious of the part this furniture
was to play in her life later on. Most
OF this was owned bygreat-great grand
ma Nicholson, who built this house"
TomorroW-Dora Falls In Love
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02

took dinner last Sunday with Mr. and
Mrs. Oscar Nicholson. -. Miss Ruby
Stanton spent Saturday night at Rich
mond with Mr.. and Mrs. +. w. Bonn.
Mr. and Mrs. Leo Boyd and chill
dren, Billie and Juanita, and Mrs.
Everette Upton spent Saturday even
ing in Richomnd -. Mrs. R. B. Bond
and son Lewis spent Thursday in New
castle. Rev. Knowls preached at the
NJ. E. church Sunday evening Mrs.
Emma Brooks accompanied her son,
Harvey Brooks, to his home in st.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02

and family, of Marion, Ohio. E. A.
Disher and family of Greenville, spent
Sunday with OZro Kimmel and fam
lily Mrs. George Crane and daugh-
ter, Mildred, were in Richmond Mon
day. Mrs Jane Schlosser enter
tanned Sunday, Frank Schlosseh and
family, Charles Schlosser and family,
and Mr.. and Mrs. William McCabe-
-. Harvey limerick and family were
the guests of Mr.. and Mrs. A V. Nc
Clure Sunday evening.
GREEN'S FORK, Ind.-Will Lamb
of Paramount called on his sister,
Mrs. Oscar Nicholson to make ar
engagements for the Lamb reunion 10
he held at the home of Yes Lamb,
north of Green's Fork, Sunday, Aug 13.
-. "A dinner was given Sunday at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Monroe Stinson,
south of Centerville, in honor of Mr..
Stinson's eightieth birthday. The fol-
lowing children, grandchildren and
at-grandchildren, enjoyed the day
Mr.. and Mrs Vern Delays, Mr. and
Mrs. Frank Jacobs and son Herbert of
Jacksonburg, Mr.. and Mrs. F. w.
Boun and daughter Opal, Mr.. and Mrs.
Ambrose Lafuse and sons Maurice and
Ebert, MI. and Mrs. George Stinson,
Hershel and Franklin Benner, Mr.. and
Mrs. Wayne Stinson and daughter Els
ter Bonita of Richmond, Mr.. and Mrs
Walter Jacobs of Cambridge City. Mr..
! and Mrs. E. NJ. Stanton and family OF
Green's Fork, Mr. and Mrs Joe Hens
ley, Mrs. Barbara Swallow, Ross Swal
low, Mrs. Katie Cain, IneZ Stinson and
| Dan Kaucher of Newcastle. :. Mr. and
! Mrs. Arch Nicholson and family, Mr.
and Mrs. Sam Stimmel, Mr.. and Mrs
| Wright Wilmer. all from Richmond
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02

The boy recognized you without a
doubt, but because he was with a girl
he had met in the proper way, he
would not speak. After this, do not
speak to him and forget that you ever
knew him and in the future do not let
strange men talk to you and become
so familiar.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02
RAM ATTACKS FARMER

COLUMBIA CITY. Ind, Aug a.
Marion Tucker, - years old. narrowly
escaped death when attacked by
ram on the George Clark farm. east
of here He threw himself 10 the
ground and rolled under fence, fight.
ing off the animal with a pocket knife.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02

Petersburg, Fla. Rev. Hinshaw viii
preach at the Friends church Sunday
morning and evening.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1922-08-02
Get Yours
TODAY
While They Last

Specially Bound in Genuine Limp Bible
Leather, Folding Cover, Red Edges,
Round Corners, Gold Lettered Back.
Full Size 93S So inches.
Great Falls tribune., 1922-03-12
Veil Of White Film
Over Yolk Denotes
Well Poached Egg
Copyright 1921 by Newspaper Feature Service

When poachlng eggs one should keep
in mind a delicate, tender and jelly like
result with the yolk lightly veiled By a
white film, says Good Housekeeping
Muffin rings or egg poachers insure a
smooth. neat edge on the egg, which
eliminates waste. Egg poachers may
be purchased in sets of one, three, four
or six. The frying pan is particularly
good for holding water as it is broad
and shallow: If muffin rings are
used brush the bottom of the frying
pan over with fat, but this is not neces-
sary if egg poachers are used. Fill the
frying pan thirds full of water, or
sufficient to cover the tops of the eggs.
Add salt. allowing one-half teaspoon
to each pint Of water. Bring the wa
ter to the boiling point and place it in
fhe muffin rings, or the egg pOachers
carefully creased. Break the eggs one
by one into saucer or custard cup,
and when ready to slip them into the
rings lower the heat sufficiently to
keep the water in the frying pan mere
ly simmering. Then turn off the heat
entirely, allowing the eggs to cook
slowly. The pan may be covered or
not. Spread some of the water care
teaspoon to produce white film over
the yolks. When muffin rings are used
the frying pan can be covered, and the
inclosed steam forms a white film
over the yoIks Of the eggs. When the
white film has formed over the yolk
and the white is firm, lift the eggs out
carefully and slip on to hot. buttered
toast. With the egg poachers this is
accomplished by raising the spring
handle and carefully slipping the eggs
on to the toast If muffin rings are
used, slip skinner carefully under
the egg and the ring. lift from the wa
ter, allow all water to drain off, place
on the toast and remove the ring.
Bread cut into rounds before toasting
adds much to the attractiyeness Of
poached eggs.