The Ordway new era., 1922-01-06

Irish Free State. A treaty to this
effect was ratified by the British par
lament and submitted to dali cream.
Ulster was not consulted, but was
given the option Of becoming part
of the Irish Free state or retaining
her status. Angrily she chose the
latter.
Charles, ex-emperor Of Austria-Hun-
gary. made two futile efforts to regain
the Hungarian throne. On March - lie
appeared In Hungary without 1orees
and claimed the crown. but Regent
Horthy refused to step aside. Czecho-
slovakIa, Jugo-SlaNa and Rumahia
modified to frustrate the coup ana 'he
allied council of ambassadors warheu
Hungary that the restoration OF .he
Hapsburg regime would not be toier-
ated. So Charles returned TO his place
of refuge in Switzerland. But he was
not through. for on October 81 he and
his wife, Zita, went by alrpiahe ~
Hungary and rallied considerable
number of supporters who proclaimed
Charles king. Again the little en-
tente" prepared for action. but Regent
Horthy led his army out of Budapest
and defeated the Carlists in real pat
tie. The former emperor and empress
were taken prisoner, as were NUMBER
of prominent Hungarian mobiles. The
allies decreed that Charles must oe
exiled, and In November he and Aita
were taken to Funchal, Madeira.
Russia's year was one OF hghtihs'
famine and efforts to resume relations
with other nations. The soviet gov
ernment held its own against repeated
revolts, which included risings of the
workingmen of Moscow, of peas
ants under Antonov. and an Invasion
of the Ukraine by Petlura. which for
time threatened to be successful.
Failure Of the crops brought terrible
famine In the Volga region. Many
thousands starved to death and even
the American relief administration.
which took charge of the situation,
could only partially check the disaster.
In seeking to break through the ring
of Isolation surrounding 1t, the Moscow
government gradually receded from Its
communistic principles. 1t sought the
aid of foreign capital, and on August
8 1t abandoned state ownership of all
but a few of the largest industries.
Treaties were made with the Baltic
states and with Turkey, and tempt
ing offers of concessions were held
out to other nations. In a notable
pronouncement on october 81 Premier
Lenin admitted the economic defeat
of communism.
Old King Peter of Serbia died In
Belgrade on August IT, and four days
later his son Alexander was pro-
claimed king of Jugo-Slavia. He was
reluctant to leave Paris, however, and
1t was not until November that he
went to Belgrade and assumed his
crown. Portugal was upset by sew
eral revolutionary movements toward
the close OF the year. On August 10
the ministry was overthrown by mill
tary coup and several cabinet mem
bers, including Premier Granjo were
assassinated. A few days later plot
OF the royalists was uncovered, and in
November Carvalho MesQuita led re-
volt. Because of these disorders and
of the spread of bolshevism the pow
ers began consideration Of a plan for
intervention. Spain had rebels, also
the trlbesmen of Morocco. Against
them she maintained a wearying and
expensive warfare for months. And
while on the subject of rebellion, men
ton must be made of the revolt Of
the Moplahs on the Malabar coast Of
India, which caused the British gov
ernment much annoyance and not a
few lives.
There were communist outbreaks In
Germany In March, and on August 20
Matthias Erzberger, the German states
man who signed the treaty of Yer
sailles, was assassinated. Doctor Wirth,
who became chancellor on May 10, re-
signed with his cabinet on October %,
but was persuaded to remain in office
and form a new ministry. In Novem-
ber there were riots In many German
cities due to the high prices of food.
The chauvinlstic element In Japan
was active, especially after the Wash
ington conference opened and on No
vember Premier Hara was assassi-
mated. Vlscount Takahashi succeeded
him. The emperor Of Japan suffered
a complete mental and physical break
down some time last year, and Crown
Prince Hlrohito was made regent on
November %. He had lately returned
from tour of Europe.
nnllrorIN ArFAInc