Belington progressive. [volume] (Belington, W. Va.) 1912-1927, 1922-01-26

duction a little or alter its form, and
that--because he Is In the dark as to
the probable demand for his goods
may be only 10 jump from the frying
pan into the fire. taking the consumer
with him.
Even the dairy farmers, whose out
put Is not seasonal, complain that they
tnd themselves at a disadvantage 10
the marketing Of their productions,
especially raw milk. because OF the
high costs Of distribution, which they
must ultimately bear. =
Now that the farmers are stirring
thinking, and uniting as never before
to eradicate these inequalities, they
are subjected to stern economic lee
lures, and are met with the accusation
that they are demanding, and are the
recipients Of. special privileges. Let
as see what privileges the government
has conferred on the farmers Much
has been made of Section Of the
Clayton Antitrust Act, which pur-
ported to permit them to combine with
Immunity. under certain conditions.
Admitting that, nomlnally, this ex-
fmption was In the nature Of special
privilege, though l think II was so In
appearance rather than In fact-we
hnd that the courts have nullificd 1t
BY judicial Interpretation. Why should
not the farmers be permitted to ac-
eomplish by cooperative methods what
9ther businesses are plready doing by
cooperation In the form of incorpora-
lion? II 1t be proper for men to form,
ny fusion Of existing corporations or
otherwise, a corporation that controls
The entire production of commodity.
or q large part OF 1t. why is 1t not
proper FOR n group of farmers to unite
Tor the marketing Of their common
products, either In one or In several
selling agcncles7 Why should It be
sight for hundred thousand corporate
shareholders TO direct % or 30 or 40
per cent OF an industry, and wrong for
hundred thousand cooperative
farmers to control no larger proper
ton OF the wheat crop, or cotton, or
any other product7
The Department Of Agriculture Is
often spoken of as a special concession
to the farmers, but In its commercial
results, It Is of as much benefit to the
buyers and consumers Of agricultural
products as to the producers, or even
more | do not suppose that anyone
opposes the benefits that the farmers
derive from the educational and re-
search work of the department, or the
help that 1t gives them In working out
improved cultural methods and prac-
tees, In developing better yielding va
rieties through breeding and selection,
in introducing new varieties from re-
mote parts Of the world and adapting
them to our climate and economic con-
dItion, and In devislng practical meas
ures for the elimination or control OF
dangerous and destructive animal and
plant diseases, insect pests, and the
like. All these things manifestly tend
TO stimulate and enlarge production,
and their general beneficial effects are
obvious.
II Is complained that, whereas the
law restricts Federal Reserve banks
to three months time for commercial
paper the farmer Is allowed six
months on his notes. This Is not
special privilege, but merely such
recognition of business conditions as
makes 1t possible for country banks
TO do business with country people.
The crop farmer has only one turn
over a year. while the merchant and
&c Tnofdnp fa1-
ly. | note that the Federal Reserve
Board has just authorized the Fed
eral Reserve banks to discount export
paper for period Of six months, to
conform to the nature Of the busi-
ness.
The Farm Loan banks are pointed
TO as an instance Of special govern
ment favor for farmers. Are they not
rather the outcome of laudable efforts
to eoualize rural and urban condi-
tions2 And about all the government
does there is to help set up an adj
minlstratiye organization and lend
little credit at the start. Eventually
the farmers will provide all the capt.
tai and carry all the liabilities them
selves. 1t is true that Farm Loan
bonds are tax exempt; but so are
bonds Of municipal light and traction
plants and new housing is to be ex-
empt from taxation, In New York, for
ten years.
On the other hand, the farmer reads
of plans for municipal housing prof.
ects that run into the billions, of hun
dreds Of millions annually spent on
the merchant marine; he reads that
the railways are being favored with
increased rates and virtual guarantees
Of earnings by the government, with
the result to him of an increased toll
on all that he sells and all that be
buys. He hears of many manifesto
lions Of governmental concern for par
ticular industries and interests. Res
cuing the railways from insolvency is
undoubtedly for the benefit of the
country as a whole, but what can be
of more general benefit than encour-