davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

lect the amount of tankage they need.
Instead of using heavy allowance of
the supplementary feed, the tankage
necessary to make a hundred pounds
gain is usually less than hand feeding.
Hogging down corn is a variation of
the self-feeding plan. It saves the
labor Of gathering the grain and haul
ing it to the pigs, but as rule the
hogs are not fat enough to market out
Of the, cornfield but need finishing in
dry lots.
'Salt is both desirable addition to
the ration and a poison for hogs Care
should be taken to avoid salt poison
ing by gradually accustoming the pigs
to the compound. When used to 1t,
one of the best methods of supplying
salt is to furnish the compressed
blocks SO commonly bought for cattle
ITO finish necessary to market hogs
advantageously depends upon the de-
mands of the market. Just now
weights around $50 pounds are most
acceptable Not so much lard is want
ed as in former years, consequently
shorter feeding periods and less finish
is the best plan.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
MINIATURE BRIDGE BIG HELP
seven-Foot Model of Reinforced Con-
crete Structure Built TO Aid
Solving Problem.

A model of a reinforced concrete
arch bridge seven feet long has been
constructed by the bureau of public
roads, United States Department OF
Agriculture, to determine just how
masonry arch briggs should be de-
signed when built on skew. A skew
bridge is one in which the roadway is
not perpendicular to the abutments,
as when a bridge crosses a stream
dfagonally.
1t has been found that the stresses
in a skewed bridge are considerably
different from those in bridge of the
same span built perpendicular to the
abutments,, and failures have occurred
because this was not taken into ac-
count in the design.
The problem is so complicated that
engineers of the bureau wish to check
UP their theoretical conclusions by
making a faithful reproduction of a
bridge, using similar materials and
of such size that it can be tested in
the laboratory.
Loads will be applied to the model,
and the stresses at various places cal
culated from measurements of the
lengthening and shortening of the con
crete surface taken with very precise
instruments as well as by other
methods.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
SIMPLE DEVICE SAVES MONEY
How to Beat Frost King at Favorite
Game With Tub of
Water.
A tub of water has many uses.

A tub of water has many uses.
Placed in a storage room during the
winter it may save it's owner loss and
waste of time and effort. AS sim
pie and truthful Indicator of the
stealthy approach of frost, it is hard
to beat.
Freezing temperatures cause heavy
losses annually to wisconsin potato
growers and dealers. Frost injuries
may occur in the field before or dur
ing the harvest PERIOD at any stage III
transportation and marketing, or later
in storage.
A tub of water is a handy temper
ature Indicator in the storeroom. An
other advantage is that when it be-
gins to freeze it releases some heat
and thus raises the room temperature.
In certain years Of severe early
frosts. losses may, indeed be heavier
from freezing than from any OF the
common potato diseases.
OF course the first step in prevent
ing injury is to dig the potatoes before
severe frosts come. Potatoes which
are well covered with soil at the last
cultivation will be less likely to be
caught by early frosts.
After potatoes are stored, watch the
temperature of the storage room in
winter. A simple way to do this, ac-
cordAig to r. e. Vaughan of the Uni
versity of Wisconsin, is to have tub
of water near the potatoes. Water
begins to freeze at about 80 degrees
Fahrenheit, and potatoes at about %
degrees Fahrenheit. Ice forming in
the water, therefore, serves to give
timely warning of approaching dan
ger to the potatoes and at the same
time, if there is sufficient bulk Of wa
ter, it will, in freezing, actually re
lease heat, which retards the fall of
air temperature.
If potatoes are shipped during cold
weather in heated car, provide for
circulation of air from the stove to all
parts of the car. This will prevent
black heart in potatoes near the stove,
and frost injury in those in the outer
parts of the car.
Tubers stored at low temperatures,
% degrees to 81 degrees Fahrenheit
for a month or more, turn sweet"
This turning sweet is popularity called
"chiIIing" and is supposed to be due to
slight freezing injury. Instead, this
is due, says Vaughan, to prolonged low
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
HARD TO MAKE TEST
OF BLUEGRASS SEED
Has Been Giving Dealers and Ex-
perts Much Trouble.
Great Variation in Behavior of Va
rious Samples Has Been Found in
terminating Tests Made by
Department.

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricultural
Canada bluegrass seed seems to be
extremely sensitive to number OF con-
ditions that affect it's termination and
for that reason the United States De-
partment of Agriculture is trying to
develop a method for testing it that
will give uniform results. Up 10 the
present time blue grass seed has been
giving seed dealers and state analysts
much trouble.
The department, in its attempt to de
termine the factors influencing the
termination of Canada bluegrass, has
found a great variation in the behavior
Of various samples. All samples are
found to require a daily alienation OF
temperatures for successful germina-
ton. A temperature of 20 degrees @.
for IS hours and 80 degrees G. for six
hours is satisfactory. Many samples
give a distinctly higher termination
when exposure to light is added to the
above temperature schedule. How
ever, it is important that the temper
allure schedule be not sacrificed in OBJ
tanning the light exposure.
Some samples of Canada bluegrass
do not terminate completely even with
the above conditions satisfied. Work
in progress is expected to determine
all the factors necessary to make a
dependable termination test OF Canada
bluegrass possible.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

l61yg,-1y6/y0I7
49, ~
RoUP is DANGEROUS DISEASE
Delicate Fowls Have Very Severe At
tacl<s and Recover Slowly
Isolate Sick Birds.
prepared by the United States Department
~ Acrrin \

prepared by the United States Department
of Agricultural
One of the worse results of the wet
and inclement weather of fall and
early winter is the disease of chickens
commonly called roup. 1t resembles
the more malignant forms of influenza
in larger animals and in man, attack
ing principally the membranes lining
the eye, the sacks below the eye, the
nostrils, the larynx and the trachea.
It is attended with high fever and is
very contagious, but the nature of the
germ is not yet known. How ever, it
Is known that contagion is brought
into the poultry yard by infected birds.
Outbreaks of roup in the fall occur
most commonly where the growing
chickens are overcrowded in the coop
or where the coops are not waterproof
or are poorly ventilated. Sometimes
these are birds purchased from other
focks, and sometimes they are birds
from the nome flock which have been
on exhibition and exposed to conta-
gion. Again, they are wild birds or
pigeons which fly from one poultry
yard to another.
Delicate birds have very severe at
tacks and recover slowly, as pointed
out in Farmers Bulletin 957, published
by the United States Department of
Agriculture. Often a chronic condi-
ton persists for long time and
birds so affected give and spread toe
disease for year or more, becoming
a starting point for many new out
breaks
At first symptoms are similar to an
ordinary cold, but there is more fever,
dullness and prostration. The eyelids
are swollen and held closed most of
the time. The birds sneeze and shake
their heads in their efforts to free the
air passages. Sometimes the eyes are
entirely closed and birds are prevent
ed from finding food This, Of course,
results in rapid loss &C etrength, and
many of the birds die within week
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

Corn is a great energy supplying,
heat-giving, fat-furnishihg feed for
animals on the farm. No other
cereal yields, on a given space and with
a given expenditure of labor, more
food in the shape of both grain and
forage.
Realizing this and the need to cut
down production costs, Badger farm
ers are depending more and more upon
the great Indian crop to fill their silos
and cribs.
They are approaching that good
yield of corn depends upon several
things, three Of the most important
being the selection, the curing, and
the testing of the seed. They know
that every effort spent now in secur-
ing the best seed will be more than
repaid next season.
r. A. Moore OF the field crops staff
Of the University of Wisconsin has
found that during some experimental
years when corn fully natures in the
fall before cold weather begins, it
will withstand freezing and retain it's
vitality on the stalks or in the open
cribs. But under average weather
conditions the vitality of the seed
corn will be materially reduced and
termination will be exceedingly low
if the corn is exposed to these condi-
tions.
Supply Abundant Ventilation.
Mr. Moore believes that the kitchen
and the furnace room are probably the
best places to cure small amounts of
seed corn. By using some of the
simple hanging devices enough seed
corn for an ordinary farm can easily
be cured. An attic which can De ven
tilated, which has a chimney passing
through it, or which is located directly
over a heated room so that it can be
kept at a fairly uniform temperature,
is a very good place to cure corn.
During the warm fall weather the
attic is usually heated from the rays
of the sun upon the roof and the effect
upon the corn is equal to that of fire
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

drying, provided the quantity to bel
cured is small. If large quantity of
corn is to be cured in the attic it will
be necessary to warm the room with a
small stove There must be good
circulation of air through the room to
cure the seed in the best manner.
In curing seed corn, there are al
number of devices for holding the
ears. Any method which holds the
corn so there can be circulation of air
around each ear is satisfactory.
Molds lnjure Seed.
Wherever seed corn is being cured
there must be a free circulation which
will remove the moist air from around
the ears. This is just as important as
the application of heat. Molds which
destroy the termination of the seed,
will develop and the ears will rot if
the warm moist air is not removed.
If there are openings at opposite sides
of the room in which quantity of
seed is being cured, current of air
will sweep through the room and the
corn will dry perfectly.
the roof of a corn crib, shed, or other
dry building during the early fall. tt
should be hung where there is al
strong circulation of air through the
building.
Corn can also be cured underneath
the south side Of a building where
there is likely to be a strong sunlight,
as the rays of the sun will soon in
jure the vitality of the seed on the
side of the ear turned toward the sum-
If corn is cured by hanging it under the
roof of a corn crib in the fall, 1T
should be stored for the winter in
some dry room where it will not abb
sorb moisture from the outside att
mosphere before hard freezing or
damp weather arrives.
It is so easy to be sure Of having
high terminating seed, by curing seed
corn with artificial heat, that no other
method can be as well recommended
to the farmers of Wisconsin as fire
drying.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

will clean up. 1t is best to feed grass
hay until four months old, as legume
hays have a securing effect on the
calf.
8. Feed no silage until six months of
age.
10. Keep off of pasture until at least
three months of age.
H. Supply plenty of clean drinking
water at all times.
10. Provide salt as soon as the calf
starts eating hay or. grain. r
10. Scours are due to overlooking,
irregular feeding, feeding cold milk,
sour milk, dirty milk unsanitary pals.
IA. When milk is not available after
calf is six weeks old, the following
mixture may be used as q milk substi-
Gute.
Linseed oil meal, hominy feed, red
dog flour, dry blood-one pound of the
mixture to eight pounds of water for
the six-weeks-old calf.
Feeding the Growing Heifer.
I. Feed two to three pounds of grain
daily A good grain ration is equal
parts corn, oats, and bran, or two
parts corn and one part oats.
2. Feed six to eight pounds oflegume
hay when not on pasture.
8. Feed all the silage the heifer
will clean up. If no silage is available.
increase hay and add a pound or more
of grain per day to keep in good
thrifty growing condition.
4. No pasture alone is sufficient for
heifers under one year old.
5. Keep heifers growing continu-
ously.
G. Feed one tablespoonful of ground
limestone in grain mixture to heifers
under breeding age
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

paired and may not be recovered for
several weeks. On very cold nights
when there is danger Of the combs be-
ing frosted the males to be used as
breeders must be put in warm place,
such as a box or crate of suitable size
partly covered by bag or cloth. The
breeding male should be examined oc-
casionally after feeding to see that his
crop is full and that he is not growing
thin. Some males will allow the hens
to eat all the feed, with the result that
they get out of condition. If this hap
pens the male must be fed separately
from the hens at least once day.
Provide the breeding stock with COM
Portable quarters. The house must be
draft proof, yet well ventilated and
dry. The birds should not be crowded
If the birds are yarded, four square
feet of floor space per bird should be
allowed, but on free range from three
to three and a half square feet per
bird will be enough.
Feeding Breeding Stock.
The breeders must be fed so as to
keep them in such condition that they
will produce eggs. Any good laying
ration IS suitable for this purpose.
Beef scrap should not run above 10 or
Is per cent of the total ration. The
birds should be kept in good flesh, but
should not be allowed to become excess
sively fat. All whole or cracked grain
should be fed in litter. This forces the
fowls to exercise by scratching for it..
AS a supply of green feed is usually
lacking late in the winter or early in
the spring, sprouted oats, cabbage,
nangels, or cut clover or alfalfa should
be fed.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
LIBERAL FEEDS BEST
FOR FATTENING HOGS
Gains in Weight Should Be Made
as Rapidly as Possible.
seIf-Feeding Is Most Satisfactory
Method, While Hogging Saves
Labor of Gathering Grain
and Hauling 1t to Pigs.

Liberal feeding should be the rule
when fattening hogs. To minimize the
risk Of loss from disease and to cut the
labor cost, gains in weight should be
made as rapidly as possible. The
greatest gains are made in the least
time by self-feeding, consequently this
method is the most satisfactory for
fattening.
These are the views of 3. F. Ferrin
of University farm. st. Paul. in charge
of the swine production section Of the
animal husbandry division.
"Corn and tankage," says Mr.. Fer
rim, fare two of the cheapest ana best
fattening feeds. If each is given sepa-
rately in a self-feeder, the pigs can Sc
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

(PTepared by the United States Department
of Agriculture)
If cockerels or pullets are used in
the breeding flock they should be well
matured, poultry specialists in the Uni
ted States Department of Agriculture
advise. Hens are better than pullets.
They lay larger eggs which produce
stronger chicks. Yearling and two
year-old hens are better than older
ones. Pullets used as breeders should
be mated with cock rather than with
cockerel. If a cockerel is used he
should be mated with hens rather than
with pullets. AS rule, well-matured
cockere1s Will give better fertility than
cocks.
Free Range for Breeding Per-.
When possible free range should be
provided for the breeding stock. 1t is
better to provide it during the entire
fall and winter before the breeding
season, but, if this is not possible, free
range just preceding and during the
breeding season will be of great value.
Birds Of free range will get more ex-
ercise and, therefore, will be in better
health and will give higher fertility,
better matches, and stronger chicks.
The breeding flock needs careful SUI
pervision to make sure that the fowls
keep in good breeding condition. The
birds and the houses should be ex-
amined often to see that they are not
infested with lice or mites. Either
Of these pests in any numbers will Sc
riously affect or totally destroy fer
tility. Care must be exercised also to
see that the male does not frost his
comb or wattles. IF these are frosted
his ability to fertilize eggs will be inn
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
KEEP POULTRY FROM CATTLE
Unless Herd Has Been Found Free
From tuberculosis Fowls Should
Be Separated.

Poultry kept on dairy or general live
stock farms should not be allowed to
run with cattle unless the herd has
been tested and found free from tuber-
culosis. Poultrykeepers are beginning
TO realize that if they are to buy
healthy birds they must get them from
nlaces where the live stock is known
to be free from tuberculosis.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
Wisconsin Farm History Written.

A history of Wisconsin's agriculture
has been written by Joseph Schafer,
superintendent of the State Historical
society. This, it is claimed is the first.
general history of agriculture in an
American state to be published It
contains ten chapters, dealing with the
land, early settlement, pioneer origin,
pioneer conditions, wheat farming, di-
versified farming, improved live stock,
numbering, the new dairying, or the
agricultural revolution, and farm life.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
LIME coRREcTs ACID SOILS
Material Provides Available Calcium
and Makes Manures and Ferti-
lizers Effective.

Limestone corrects acidity in sour
soils. provides available calcium to
crops, makes manures and fertilizers
more effective to the soils, favors bac-
terial growth and thus makes plant
food more available, helps control Ger.
tain plant diseases and insects and in
time improves the texture of heavy
Soils
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
WINTER SHELTER FOR GEESE
Shed Open on South Side With Plenty
of Straw or shavings Is Most
Satisfactory.

Except in stormy weather or in the
winter mature geese seldom need a
house. A shed open on the south side,
a poultry house, or a barn usually is
provided by breeders in the North, and
Is used by some breeders in the South,
says the United States Department Of
Agriculture. Coops, barrels, or some
other dry shelter should be provided
for the young goslings. But wherever
they are the geese should have d clean
place, with plenty of straw or shaw
ings for the floor during the winter.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
SELECTING BREEDING gifts
Good Depth of Body in Forequarters
Means Vitality and Profitable
Brood SoWs.

In selecting gifts, besides the usual
requirements for good hog, the deep
bodied animal is the best. Good depth
Of body in the forequarters means vi
tally and strong heart and lung ac-
ton. They are not quite so cheaply
fattened as those with a well-sprung
rib, but there will be more profit in
them. A slightly shabby appearance is
proper in gifts if they are to become
really profitable as brood sows
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
sCARIFY ALL CLOVER SEEDS
Hard Coating Can Be Scratched by
Machine and Made Permeable
to Moisture.

Sweet clover, like all other legumes,
always contains a quantity of hard
seeds. i. e., seeds with such a hard
covering that moisture does not pene-
trate and the seeds do not terminate
the first year. Therefore in purchas.
ing sweet clover seed it is advisable
to have it scarifed, This is brought
about by putting through a machine
which scratches the seed coat, and this
renders it permeable to water.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
ORGANIC MATTER DEFICIENT
Some Old Lands After Years of Crop
ping Require Application of
Ground Limestone.

Some old farming lands after years
of cropping have become deficient in
organic matter and humus and so de-
ficient in lime that alfalfa will not
start and grow successfully until the
soil is fortified and the acidity cor
rected by the application of lime or
Ground limestone.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
PREPARE SOIL FOR ALFALFA
Sweet Glover Paves Way for More
Aristocratic Neighbor and In
sures Good Stand.

One big thing about sweet clover is
that it paves the way for it's more
aristocratic and exclusive neighbor, al
falfa. Farmers who have tried the
plan Of seeding a plot to sweet clover
for one or two years and then putting
in alfalfa, have found that they invar-
iably get a good stand, for the soil has
been properly inoculated for the al
falfa and it takes right hold.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

or ten days. Some of the affected ones
recover and others continue weak and
have a chronic form of disease for
months.
The best treatment is to place sick
birds in warm, dry, well-ventilated
room free from drafts, and away from
the rest of the flock. An antiseptic
and healing mixture should be applied
to the affected membranes. Lacking a
spraying apparatus, small syringe
and oil can, or even medicine drop
per, may answer the purpose, or the
birds head may be plunged into a
basin of the mixture and held there
for a few seconds. The most suitable
remedies are: Equal parts Of hydrogen
peroxide and water; boric acid,
ounce, water, quart; or permanga-
nate of potash, l dram, water 1 pint.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30

temperature, but not to ice formation
in the tissues and hence it is not a
sign of freezing injury. Potatoes
which have been slightly frozen do
not necessarily turn sweet, and on the
other hand potatoes may be sweet be-
cause of prolonged cold storage with
out having been frozen or "frost-bit-
ten at all.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
Keep a Poultry Record.

How many folks who raise poultry
know what their focks are actually
doing? Only q few-yet it is essen
tiaI to true success in any business
that accurate records be kept, SO that
results may be checked in several diff
6erent directions.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
Farms That Make Histnru

officers of the Wisconsin Historical
society are publishing a census of old
Wisconsin homesteads. To be entitled
to be registered in this historic list
it is necessary that a farm has been
in the same family for a period of
fully sixty years, and it must have
been improved or made into farm by
the present owner or by one of his or
her ancestors.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
BILLION FOR ROADS

States and counties of the
United States have recently au-
thorized S635,OO0OO0 bonds for
road construction, much Of it of
concrete. Three hundred and
ninety-one million dollars bonds
are in process of authorization
and the federal government has
appropriated $2OO,OOO,OOO toward
road construction, making a to-
tai fund of over 81, 2O0,O00,O00
for good roads.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
Seed Treated for Smut.

At least two and half million bush
els of seed wheat We're treated for
smut last year, according to county
agent reports for the whole United
States.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1922-11-30
win4er Meals for Cows.

When it comes to figuring out an
economical winter ration for dairy
COWS, the man with the silo has the
first necessity.