davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-02-05
ETHERSTARTSCAR
|NCOLD WEATHER
University Of Alberta Profess
sor Discovers New Mixture
for Autoists.

EDMONTON, Alta, February S.
Prof. Charles A. Robb of the Univer-
sity of Alberta, it is announced. has
discovered an ether mixture which
solves the problem OF starting motor
engines in intensely cold weather.
Opportunity for q final test of the
preparation came during recent cold
spell when the mercury fell far below
zero, A Liberty-12 motor Of 400 horse
power was left outdoors all night and
was immovably frozen by morning.
The actual time taken to- start the
engine with the new mixture was
seven minutes. When the experiments
were begun last year 1t took an hour
and half to start the same englne
with the mercury only dve degrees
The hot water method Of warming
I'M a cold motor, it is said, will now
be discarded. The discovery will be Of
great importance to operators Of all
truck in the warmer zones to motor
sleds and airplanes in subpolar
+ is believed the discovery will
solve the problem Of aviation In the
far north. This country dominated by
posts Of the .Hudson's Bay Company.
closing out its farm lands in the
prairie provinces to prosecute its hunt
for furs in more remote wildernesses,
came into the public eye last year by
the oil excitement in the Mackenzie
river basin. Aviation in this cold re-
gion has been regarded as impracti-
cable because of the difficulty Of
warming up the engines.
Prof. Robb's discovery, 1t IL claimed,
will prove an invaluable contribution
to the motor world and is expected to
be put to immediate general use.
Evening star., 1922-02-05
ORIGIN AND MEANING OF TERMS
FOUND IN AUTO LITERATURE
Many Words Coined by French Borrowed
Because of Convenience-De6nition
of Names"

from freQuenters Of tie highways. If
these unfortunate people did not con-
tribute as much as the robbers
thought reasonable they had a play
full way of warming the victims feet
by building a fire under them which
soon overcame any unwillingness. As
this gentle practice antedates the
steam engine by several centuries the
word, it will be seen. has almost a
high antiquity, so that it is a far cry
from the lowly chauffeur Of the mid
die ages to the iordly autocrat Of the
modern automobile. Be that as it
may, some people claim to have found
the same strain running down the
line and cropping out in the modern
taxicab driver.
"ChasSiso Means Frame.
Chassis" the next word on our list,
means a frame" but is now taken to
mean the mechanical parts Of the car
all that remains wnen the body is
removed. 1t Is now used in this sense
in French as well as in other Ian
guages.
The word garage" means a railroad
siding, but as applied to automobiles
means room or building where cars
are kept ready for use-a close anal
osy. for the cars are switched or the
main line for the time being. 1t is
not store room or repair shop, but Is
similar to a livery stable. where your
horse and rig are, or rather were, kept
in proper condition ready for immedi-
ate use when required.
The word 'xonneau." applied to the
rear seats, has apparently passed out
of use. although it was once heard
very frequently. 1t merely means a
tank or cask. The gasoline tank is
called "tonneau" in French, and the
rear seats were called the tonneau be-
cause the back of the car was almost
circular in outline. The French had
a circular cart which was called by
the same name, and so it was natural
ly applied to that part Of an automo-
bile which looked like a cask. OF
course the word was adopted in this
country, as it sounded more automo-
bilious You would hardly ask your
lady friends to Jump into the tank"
But the word Limousine" has the
most picturesque origin OF all. It il
Eamed after the head-covering OF GER
Evening star., 1922-02-05
GRADE CROSSINGS
PUT UNDER BAN
Bridges and Underpasses Are
to Replace Them on Fed
eraI Highways.

Grade crossings must go and they
will be eliminated wherever possible
on the roads Of the federal aid high
way system. which will be built as
result of the passage OF the federal
highway act. When the roads which
form the primary or interstate sys-
tenn are constructed. no grade cross
ing will be allowed to remain that
it is at all practicable to avoid.
Every effort will be made to make
the roads of the secondary system
equally safe, but in this case it is
recognized that elimination may not
be practicable In all cases at this
time.
New Policy Popular.
In making this announcement the
bureau of public roads, United States
Department of Agriculture. under
whose supervision the fund Is al
lotted and construction is undertaken,
is putting into effect a policy which
1t has long advocated in principle. and
whose adoption it has urged with in
creasing effectiveness upon state
highway officials for some time past.
cooperation on the part OF the states
and the American Association Of
state Highway Officials by resolution
has pledged its best efforts to Coop
new construction.
In addition. the policy A. ds favor
among the railroads. some OF the
leading carriers already having lent
cheerful aid in avoiding the construc-
Instead Of grade crossings there
Will be constructed, wherever pos
sible. in the future. either q bridge
or an underpass where roadway and
railway intersect. Important roads,
which now cross and recross rail-
road lines at grades. hereafter will
be located entirely on one side Of the
railroad, even though to do 80 may
increase the cost of construction.
State officials. realizing the need of
eliminating grade crossings, have
stated their desire to cooperate with
the department in carrying out this
plan.
Purpose IL to Save Life.
Where crossings are unavoidable,
or where local interests justify con-
struction Of highways to cross rail-
road lines, the road will be SO locat-
ed as to pass over the track or under
it. In most instances Of this sort the
railroads bear one-half of the cost of
The prime object of the depart
ment's policy to eliminate grade
crossings on federal aid roads is the
saving of human lives. This policy
probably will involve increased ex-
pense of construction in the case of
some roads, but it il believed this
is justified by tho saving OF life.
During the three years ending 1920.
according to the best records avail
able to the department 1886 lives
were lost at grade crossings in the
United States and 1854 persons
were injured.
Evening star., 1922-02-05
QUERIES AND ANSWERS.

Information on Problems Which
Bother Auto Owners.
To the Automobile Editor:
The timing gears on my car are
very noisy and I am unable to duief
Evening star., 1922-02-05
BY ALBERT n. ATKINSON.

Copyright. 1922, BY Albert N. Atkinson.)
Although the first automobiles
were made in this country. the
French took the lead in the new in
dustry because they had imagina-
ton. capital. skilled mechanics and
some of tho best roads in the world.
Progress was delayed in England by
adverse legislation and in the United
States by poor roads over which the
weak engines Of that period were un-
able to make much headway. When
we finally made our start we found
it necessary to invent a lot Of new
names or else to borrow those which
the French had already coined. AS
the latter was the easier method. the
language was Immediately enriched
by a long list OF foreign words.
everyday speech-such as chauf
feur. chassis. garage. tonneau. limou-
sine, and so on. None OF these words
was made up from nothing. like the
word gas" which was invented by
a chemist. or kodak" by a manu-
facturer, but were words already in
common use in France and were
as the ones most suitable.
Origin OF "Chauneur.''
The word chauffeur" means a fire.
man or stoker. A man who fires a
boiler is called a Chauffeur" in
French. There is curious survival
here which is difficult to explain. The
early cars were steamers and required
two men to operate them. the me
canicien" and the "chauffeur"-the
mechanic and the fremen. respec-
lively. But as the word has now ac-
quired a deSnite legal standing.
meaning a paid driver of an automo-
bile. it will probably last as long as
automobiles are used.
But the French dictionary gives
another definition Of the word which
is not so complimentary: a robber.
1t seems that in the middle ages there
were bands OF marauders who had
thar own methOda of exactinR toll
Evening star., 1922-02-05
1850, 900 CARS SOLD.
Auto Production in 1921 Amounted
to Total Of / .7OO. .OOO.

Automobile Production BY American
companies for 1921 amounted to
1,700, 900 cars. of which 1,55O,O00 were
sold in the United States and the re-
mainder in Europe Although in point
OF size, this output ranks below 1917,
1,S6S.947. 1,974,016 and 2.oO5.195. re-
spectively, yet it was not below the
expected normal increase.
1t represents production curtailed
only from the flood stage Of the post
war demand to the normal level OF
the reconstruction period. Manufac-
sary to cut down activities below
what might be considered the custo.
mary market demand Translated into
tires. this offers cheerful outlook
says the Miller Rubber COMPANY.
Akron' AKRON Ohio, for a general upward
Evening star., 1922-02-05
AUT0ISIS MAKE RECORD
RUN OVER SNOW AND ICE
Men Go 800 Miles in 8 Hours and
IS Minutes in Dash From Pitts
burgh to Trenton.

Three hundred and sixty-nine miles
over winter roads covered with snow
and ice. from Pittsburgh, Pa. to the
Mercer factory at Trenton. N. J., in
nine hours and fifteen minutes is the
record established last week by W. A.
Smith. sales manager Of Mercer Mo-
tors. and Walter Haines. head OF the
experimental department.
The two tourists were checked out
Of the William Penn Hotel. Pitts
burgh. and checked in at the Stacy
Trent Hotel in Trenton. Six-twenty
in the morning at Pittsburgh was GER
titled on the sheet, while the Trenton
end showed 1855 in the afternoon.
The Lincoln highway was followed.
and while not much deep snow was
encountered. the roads in many places
over the mountains were covered with
ice. making driving both difficult and
treacherous.
The endurance Of the drivers can be
appreciated when it is realized that
$50 miles Of the distance is over the
Allegheny mountains. the terror Of
even the summer motortst.
Considerably more snow was found
in Ohio when Mr.. Smith and Mr..
Haines drove to Cleveland on the out
going trip. They stated that the Sc
verely cold weather of the past. week
had made roads to Cleveland a ver-
liable sheet Of ice.
Evening star., 1922-02-05

Batteries looking spick and span
enough, but which are in reality moth
ing but boxes containing the relics Of
junl<ed batteries, are being marketed
to tho unsuspecting public. according
to investigators who have been prob
ing the situation for the makers Of
standard batteries.
A thriving business. these investi-
gators say, has been built. so to speak.
upon the skeletons OF dead batteries.
1t is waged under numerous names
and prices. The practice has grown
so widespread, and well organized.
that car owner very easily may buy
whole or part. nicely housed in a
newly painted box with a name on it
as new as the paint.
The operation consists of buying up
all old batteries. sold as junk, and
salvaging such parts of them as show
any bit Of life, particularly the plates.
and assembling the salvaged parts
with a few plates to give the affair q
few days of power, enough to give 1t
a start on it's victim. After the few
days or weeks he buyer IS out his
purchase price.
Now nm Organized Craft.
The scheme, of course. Is not new
IN tl6 auIOInOllSe UuSlueSS IL has
been worked with variations with
tires. 1t has been worked a number
of years with batteries in an unor-
Eanized way, and not serious fashion
The success of the pioneers. combined
with the period Of high prices. which
gave the practice better opportunity
to operate, and his wares a better ap-
peal to the car owner. fostered the
system. 1t now represents g. genuine
menace to the automobilist buying
battery.
Investigators who have torn down
these "salvaged" batteries say that
in many instances not per cent of
the battery represents new material.
In view Of this fact, 1t is easy for
practically any one with mechanical
expertness to put out these reassem-
bled batteries. and sell them with
profit at almost any figure.
Nothing But Junk.
Discarded batteries. of course. are
sold entirely as junk and at junk
prices. The batteries are torn down
and the old parts given surface
semblance of newness. An investment
in a few new plates and electrolyte
gives the operator his complete man
mains Is to assemble the junk with
a few live" plates and sell 1t to an
unsuspecting shopper.
With prices for standard batteries
down to bedrock. and bogus batteries
so widespread, 1t behooves the car
owner to be al much concerned to-
ward what is inside the box as the
price tag upon 1t. Buyers Of batteries
should realize that perhaps more
than in any other article among au-
1omotive accessories the word
standard" has vital significance. 1t
is absolutely imperative In buying
battery to buy one sponsored by
name that carries win 1t responsible
ity-that is, a responsibility vouched
for by some one financially RESPONSE
BILE, and everything that goes to make
the word responsible" a real safe
guard In the purchase OF a battery.
Easy to Deceive.
The opportunities to victimtze the
purchaser of battery are more
numerous and more easily put over
Evening star., 1922-02-05
1,Ssb were charged with other of.
lenses aHafnRt fha 1,u Va

Ssns. S:SSo were charged with other Of
stolen property valued 1t S463.7a0
was recovered, Of which S3I5.75S.7S
represents the value of automobiies
recovered. September broke the rec
ORD Tor stolen property recovered.
Dtu1ne .te tnat month $42.595.35 worth of
stoIen property was recovered. The
value OF jewelry recovered during the
nine months was s30,235.45, while live
stock valued ats$3,241 was recovered.
stolen goods recovered during the
nrst nine months Of 1921 is of greater
vaiue than that recovered during the
entire year of 1920.
In patrolling their districts the
state troopers covered 1,159,995 miles.
The motor cycle corps made much of
this mileage in patrolling roads
against automobfle-traffic violators.
First Offenders were not arrested,
Evening star., 1922-02-05

Tho opportunities to victimize the
numerous and more easily put over
Evening star., 1922-02-05
kk4ak k4k MOTORS: ard MOTORING - laazza5

tain ladies' Of Francs-the Inhabitants
Of tho region around the city Of La
mogea. which was the capital Of the
old province Of IAmousin. A woman
mousine. The ladies thereabouts-the
peasant ladies, be 1t understood-wear
sort Of coif or hood. with q cape at
tached. This has como. to be known
as q limousine, because the ladies Of
Limoges-the peasant ladies-wear it.
cart, much like q prairie schooner,
which was named a Limousine because
1t was covered with q hood, and when
the closed winter body OF the automo-
bile was devised what more natural
than to call II limousine also? THUS
we see the evolution Of the word from
the peasants Golf to the modern high
powered automobile; but, while all
the ladies of Limoges and vicinity
own ltmousines and some Of them
more than one. and even 60 driving IN
them-yet they are not all run by
gasoline!
Not Needed. But Permanent.
Looking over the above list, We see
that some Of the words were not real
ly needed. but they have become nxed
in the language. "ronneau." how
ever, was a pure afYectation. much ~
the word hangar" applied to the
place where airplanes arc stored. In
French the word merely means q shed,
for wood. cows or any other use. II
word had to be coined why not use
"airage." meaning q garage for air
planes? And why not pronounce It
so that Frenchman could understand
1t? 1t sounds very much like "ong-
gar" and not as 1t Is usually pro-
nounced. like the English word ''han-
gar" However. few Of the words we
get from the French would be recog-
nfzed at home. the words elite and
limousine being notable exceptions.
But the French have just as much
trouble demonstrating the many Eng
lish words they have adopted. so the
odds are even. As long as this is so
there Is no danger Of ending the
entente cordial. But
II both nations. when borrowing each
others words. were required to learn
the pronunciation also. there Is no
telling what disasters might be pre-
cipftated.
Evening star., 1922-02-05

them. have been told to use heavy
grease. but do not know IL 1t is ad-
visable or not. p. R. W.
Answer-A medium grade Of grease
may be used satisfactorily. provided
the case is tight. The only danger is
where there is an opening between
the timing gear case and the crank
case. The grease would work through
into the oil base and have a ten
dency to form carbon in the cylinders.
To the Autonobile Editor:
Do the different prices Of gasoline
along the road indicate q difference
in the quality? Some Of it seems to
have more pep than others. tested
some and it measured 60 degrees;
Evening star., 1922-02-05
Akron Tire Center.

More than 75 per cent Of all the
automobile and truck tires made in
the United States during 1921 were
manufactured in Akron, according to
the Miller Rubber Company, Akron
Evening star., 1922-02-05
Big Tire Production.

Ten rubber companies made IS per
cent Of the nineteen million tires
turned out in 1924, according to the
Miller Rubber Company. Akron, Ohio,
Evening star., 1922-02-05
another sample s. degrees. What
should 1t test to give most powefr

another sample IS degrees. What
should it test to give most powsrr
s. L u
Answe@The original gasoline for
engine use tested 72 degrees. but that
has steadily dropped until it tests
around so degrees. Present cars have
special carburetors and air-warIning
devices to take care OF this low-grade
fuel. Undoubtedly the grades do
one sells it at a price which he
chooses. Possibly the difference In
power you noticed came from batter
carburetor adjustment or more per-
feet heating of the incoming air.
To the Automobile Editor:
There is q slight humping in my
right rear wheel that feels as If the
tire were fiat, although 1t is fully in
fiated. Is anything wrong with the
axle? 1t is Of the full floating type
and I have removed it. but cannot
discover the trouble. A. K. J.
Answer-The axle may be slightly
bent, or there may be q broken bear
ing or a chip of metal wedged be-
tween the teeth of the dinerential
The differential should be removed
and these parts examined. Have thi,
done by an expert. as the dinerentiai
will be noisy if not properly replaced.
To the Automobile Editor:
The engine on my car speeds
up and slows down apparently with
out cause. 1t also misses very badly
when accelerating. but seems to run
well enough when hot and when 60
ing very fast. {. n. 3.
Answer-Test the inlet manifold
for air leaks by squirting oil around
the joints while the engine is running
to see IL it is sucked in. There NAV
be lost motion between the throttle
lever and the valve in the carburetor.
The air adjustment may be too weak
or there may be a little water In the
float bowl If these hints do not heip
you, have the carburetor adjusted AZ
service station.
To the Automobile Editor:
want to remove the bolts WhicE
hold the hub on my front wheel, but
they are loose in the wood and turn
around with the nut. What is Ihe
best way to take them on! V. d. y.
Answer-If you do not care TO cus
them you may file slot IN the heAa
for a screwdriver or fle Two ma
places on opposite sides. SO that .ht
head may be held by wrench Gas
pliers or a prick punch will not oam
age them SO much, but are not power
full.
Evening star., 1922-02-05

Colorado has the highest broad
gauge railroad and the highest sky
line auto drive in the United States,
at an altitude approximating $4,000
feet
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-05-14
BROADWAY CHRISTIAN.
Mothers, npy.

The second Sunday in May is OBJ
served throughout our nation as
Mothers Day, day held sacred
in honor of our mothers. The boys
and girls of our Bible. school are
preparing some special exercises
for the reassembly period. The
special music and the sermon will
also be in keeping with the
thought OF the day. Honor your
mother by being present at this
service.
Mass Meeting.
All the churches are joining in
together to make the meeting on
Sunday night a success. The sub
ject to be discussed is of vital inn
portance to every true American
citizen. Be present. Do your part.
State Convention.
The state convention has come
and gone, but there abides with us
an inspiration and an influence
that will impel US on to larger
things. Every address was of the
highest character, and n spirit of
deep earnestness prevailed every
session. The convention will go
to Austin Park, Ell Paso. next year.
The officers elected for the COM
ing year are: Sidney Bedford, Ros-
well, president; Willard A. Guy
Albuquerque. vice president; Miss
Airline Gibbany. Roswell, secre-
tary-treasurer. Other members of
the state board are; Charles Pos
ton. Clovis; o. w. Hearn, East Las
Vegas; w. III. Hortenstein, Ros-
we'll; Paul G. Preston, El Paso,
and Ed s. Gibbany, Roswell.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-05-14
UNION SERVICE OF
CHURCHES TONIGHT
WITH DR.. LANDRlTH


The Protestant churches c. the
city will hold joint services at the
High school auditorium at eight
O'Clock this evening to hear an ad-
dress by DR.. Ira Landrith, noted
Chautauqua lecturer. The speaker
is we'll known as champion Of
law enforcement and Prohibition.
He Will talk on the subject, To-day
and the America For It."
The meeting. which will be par
ticipated In by the congregations
OF several churches. will be pre-
sided over by Judge M. Il. Hickey.
The invocation will be asked by
the Rev. F. Z. MCGUIRE and a pa
triotic song wI1r be sung by the
congregation. A quartet from the
Presbyterian choir will sing
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1922-05-14
EMANUEL EVANGELICAL
LUTHERAN.
Cannn0tnrS


This Sunday will mark the ell
max of a campaign conducted the
past three weeks to raise the nee
essary funds to pay for the house
the congregation bought. A special
sermon will be preached in the
morning. The pastors subject will
be the words OF the Tooth Psalm:
Serve the Lord With Gladnes.
Ten solicitors have been chosen
from among our members. Each
solicitor has received list Of
about seven members on whom he
will call to secure their personal
subscription. Every member is
urged to remain at home to re-
ceive the canvasser. He must call
at your home until he finds you in.
Consider the amour of work you
will save your solicitor by remain
ing at home at the appointed time.
Unless the members do this the So
licitors cannot finish in one after
noon.
Bible study.
For real Bible study, and every
Christian should be a Bible stu
dent. we wish to recommend to
our members Dr.. p. Il. Kretz-
mann's Popular Commentary of
the Bible. The first volume on the
New Testament is on the market.
Price $3.50.