davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Should Re Taught Early
In Incipient Deafness

"These young people have never ex-
perienced the unhappiness undergone
by the two casss first cited. and their
good fortune should not be the exoep-
ton but the rule. Indeed, il should be
the duty of the teacher and the otolo-
gist to see that boys and girls whose
hearing is even slightly impaired
should be instructed in lip reading
while their minds are plastic, and then
trained for occupations in which pos
sible increase of deafness will present
no barrier to success.
Difficult, indeed, are the cases
whose handicap is not deafness, but
low morals. The individual Is shift
less. lazy, a dependent on organized
charities, with all his house; or per-
haps he is out and out crooked.
Again there are the pitiful aged,
who will not recognize that their han
dieap Is their years, not their lack OF
hearing. and who refuse all efforts to
place them in comfortable institutional
homes. We have also an occasional
backslider, who, having received all,
deliberately settles down to self-satis-
fled deterioration. Lastly, we have the
rare cases OF persons determined to
have their hearing back-the irrecon-
oilables.
1T may be asked whether there are
any deafened people who cannot be
brought into contact with the benef-
cent Impulses toward rehabilitation.
1t can be answered positively, not
among working people or fairly edu-
Gated people. They respond In an
open hearted, sensible way, realizing
the existence Of a fraternal spirit
among the deafened. The highly edu-
Gated and cultivated for the most part
share this spirit OF brotherhood but
IL Is among them only that there ex-
ist few individuals who, knowing fully
what riches are within their grasp,
refuse them. Those will not study
lip reading, even though they see its
marvels before their eyes and they
will not make life easier for their
friends by using hearing device The
reason doubtless lies deeply hidden in
the psychology of acquired deafness.
However the social worker has merely
to look about the world and note its
recent sociological progress to be as
sured that the solution OF this prob
lem is the simple matter OF finding a
way. Perhaps the way lies In the d.
rection of prevention, OF work lead
ing tofthe elimination of deafness"
Miss Peck herself IL almost totally
deaf. although born with normal ears.
She was a member Of the first board
or tho New York league, It's presi-
dent 1912-1913, resigning in the latter
year 10 act as executive secretary.
which position she still flls. besides
an active part which she plays in the
national association and her advisory
work In the various city leagues all
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Organized by the Hard of
Hearing in Many Cities
1t Combats the Increasing
Prevalence Of Auditory
Defects, Finds Employ
ment and Helps Afflicted
to Readjust Their Lives
By DIRK P. DE YOUNG.

as the elevator and through the door
way
In every instance, except those few
who expect deafness to be miraculously
healed or exercised, the man or woman
gets what he or she came for, and gets
it abundantly. 1t is not too much TO
say that he gets much more; for in
that moment when he opens his heart
and his life to receive what he sorely
needs, his reconstruction begins. He
is in contact with the eternal force,
and under it's pressure he turns at once
to the rebuilding of his life. He be-
comes a self-supporting, contented,
hopeful, happy man; unconsciously he
then proceeds to build another story
on his tower-the pinnacle of service.
with the majority of our friends
the work OF reconstruction has in
cluded more or less character building.
In other words, they should have made
contact with the external force sooner,
for in this way gentle reimbursement
can take place, in which the individual
is spared the despondency and the
self -distrust that paralyze the spirits
of the deafened.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Finds Occupations Suited
To the Hard of Hearing

THE employment department con-
ducts a bureau for placement ana yo-
cational guidance, gathers statistics
Of thebsarious types OF deafness eand
the treatment of individual applicants.
makes surveys of occupations suited
10 the deafened, &c. Its applicants
cover all kinds OF occupations. from
college teaching to unskilled labor,
they apply in person or by letter fl om
all parts of the Union, and these lat
ter are placed in their home locations.
Most of them are people whose hear
ing has become impaired after years
in a chosen vocation. They vary in
degree of deafness from slightly hard
OF hearing to those who cannot hear
at ALL but in every case hearing was
normal in infancy and childhood ana
often until middle age. We do not
place those born deaf, as theirs is q
different problem, requiring separate
treatment.
"The welfare department conducts
clubs for young people, for older men,
and for older women, averaging q
monthly attendance of several hun
dred. 1t visits the sick and distressed,
gives relief, provides clothing, in
vestlgatcs hearing DEVICES and, in a
word, comes near to the hearts and
lives Of our people for the increase OF
their happiness and the general bet
terment Of their conditions.
Deafness. no matter IL the world
finds Il petty affair, joke or an
annoyance, Is truly grief to him who
has il. AS in the case of any other
physical handicap, deafened people
must adjust themselves to deafness,
and this reconstruction work must be
comprehensive if the man or woman
Is to hold a place among independent
citizens. Every person who acquires
deafness in adolescent or adult life
needs some degree of reconstruction.
Many must either change their oc-
cupation or become charges on their
friends or their community. all must
readjuS their views of life and make
the effort, no matter how difficult 1t
may be, to keep mentally and spirit
ually normal.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27

over the United States. Despite. her
great handicap, she remains cheer
full she is remarkably capable and
possesses a very penetrating mind.
Helping the Deafened
To Live in Comfort
Thus these organizations almost re-
build the lives of deaf people Their
members study and practice the art OF
lip reading; they procure employ
ment; they learn how to make good
use of hearing devices; they attack
the non-social tendencies of the deaf
ened toward isolation and ultimate
Generalization by conducting every
sort OF activity possible which can re-
store a normal mental and spiritual
attitude, These activities include par
ties OF every description. cards, games,
dances, outings; educative groups to
supply in special way what the
deafened cannot get in a general way;
among the latter are lectures, Bible
classes, crafts, instruction, story tell
ing, Glasses in social dancing and dra-
matics. while the New Lork league
has small but earnest brass band,
Authorities estimate that 20 per
cent. of the population has defective
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
No Work, No Feed Rule
Stimulated Industry

Early last spring a movie camera
man and made flying trip through
the lower Volga in a properly proved
mixed" car. We experienced some diff
ficulty getting the team to work, but
as they had ventured on board without
food, trusting to the rAmerikanskys"
to supply this item, the difficulty was
soon removed by the expedient of tho
work, no feed," transmitted through
our interpreter. We insisted that tho
car be thoroughly cleaned. as 1t had
just come in from a long trip through
a particularly bad district and looked
as though it had housed a bevy OF
cattle. We were informed 1t would
be done, and imagine our amazement
when, upon arriving in a village
where we were told there would he a
several hours delay, we returned to
the car to find corps of peasant
women scrubbing the floor and walls
while our two husky provodniks sat
calmly by smoking our cigarettes and
directing operations. They had ap-
piled to the station master for help.
they informed US, stating that the
"Amerikanskys" wished it.
lHelT next encounter with station
master was not so easy. Among other
things they had forgotten to have the
car watered and TO get supply OF
fuel aboard before starting so we -sug-
gested that they use their influence
with the station master at Koslov, our
next overnight halt, to fix these mat
ters. When they put the proposition
up TO this station master he threw
them out of his office. BY the use Of
our magic "Cheka" mandates we sue
eeeded in securing the water. but
there was no wood to be had During
the night the provodniks went out and
stole some wood, not because we
wanted stolen goods. but because they
were getting very cold. We professed
not to notice the theft. We were cold
ourselves.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27

12HE~Tnited States did not enter
the League of Nations. but a
= League for the Hard of Hear
ing is being ratified by nearly every
State of the Union,
The New York city league, founded
In 1910, is the mother institution in
which the idea OF national union
with its State and city organizations
was conceived. Consequently, there
are now many OF such societies in the
various cities OF the country and there
IS also a strong national association
of them all.
The alarming rate at which deaf
ness is spreading in america, with its
wastage of human energy and its i'll
effects upon those who are unfortu-
nately handicapped by it, has brought
thoughtful people together in the hope
that through cooperation ways and
means may be found to halt its
growth and make life more bearable
for those who have it. Miss Annetta
w. Peck, executive secretary of the
New York league, at l26 East Fifty
ninth street comments as follows on
the work of the institution: l
Social work for the deafened, as
developed in the New York league,
carries on it's work at present under
four departments educational, en-
ployn ent, welfare and industrial-the
last named consisting as yet of the
handwork shopNalone, although wider
field OF. usefulness awaits its future.
THE educational department. re-
ceives and examines applicants tor
scholarships in lip reading, conducts
two sctive cultural clubs for lip
readers, which are attended by Ito
persons or more monthly. 1t cooperates
with the city school system and with
public lectures, and, like other de-
partments, stands ready to meet any
demand no matter how novel;
The New York herald., 1922-08-27

hearing in one or more Of the two
ears Above the age of thirty five this
percentage is much greater. The per-
centage of those deafened grows stead
lily from year to year at rate that
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Reaching Rebuilt Life
BY Four Different Roads

"Let us compare the experience of
four types, each of whom became par
TALLY defeaned in youth and each of
whom has arrived at a rebuilt life by
different way. Two were reached
early, but two endured many things
before they found their full expression
and their true place in life. The oldest
of these had been for several years in
the clutches of an incurable ear dis
ease before that disease was even de-
scrbed; she suffered every form of
deprivation and indignity known to
the deafened, including the miseries
resulting from stupid vocational direc-
ton. Years passed, and already par
TALLY reconstructed she came into
touch with lip reading. Her instructor
pushed forward her development.
Through him she finally reached eco
nomlc independence and spiritual sat
isfaction.
"The second examples was much
younger when she met with lip read
ing, although she too has a history OF
miseries Indignantly endured. Trained
for professional work which as deaf
ened person she could not do. she be-
came a teacher of lip reading, and
through this readiustment a recon-.
structed woman. Yet with all the posi-.
sibilities OF this work her unusual.
ability demanded a wider field. which
she has found in an opportunity TO
utilize that portion of her former train
ing whose exercise she craved.
The two others Of this group stepped
across the line of reconstruction almost
unconsciously, and they will never bear
the scars of the worlds ignorance and
vulgarity. One came into her work
during her senior year in college,
through the vocational direction of the
league. She went out into the hearing
world to fill with success a responsible
position.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Not All Railroads
In Broken Down State

IT is not TO be supposed. however,
that all Russian railroad systems are
in a state Of collapse. Had this been
the case the American Relief ADMIN
istration could never have moved
600 900 tons OF corn from seaports to
volga centers. thereby saving the lives
OF 5000, 900 starxisE men and women.
Nor could the fee "a of nearly three
and a half million children have been
accomplished dursaG this trying period
when every rvx car was pressed into
active. though resisting. service.
Starting With only nifty freight cars
last fan with which TO haul supplies
the railroad administration Of Russia
turned over 10 the A. X. A. every
available car during the winter months
until by the month % March. when
the peak was reached. S,5s5 cars were
actually in service carrying American
food 10 the twcnty-one famine dis
tricts of Russia. And only about 1000
locomotives were able 10 do duty in
the whole OF Russia! Considering the
enormous added handicaps OF lack of
repair machinery. equipment, fuel and
trained workmen, this achievement
was nothing short OF remarkable.
The Vladi-Kafkas system is prob
ably the best managed and operated in
Russia, And 1t was largely due to the
unfailing effort of the hard working
train crews of this line that corn for
the Volga reached it's destinations In
time. Plying through the region of
the Don, across thousands of square
miles of steppe to the Caucasus, evac-
uatlng Black Sea ports with astonish-
ing rapidity, the sturdy little locomo-
tives OF the Vladl-KaflSas delivered
hundred thousand tons Of grain in n
little over the first month of work.
And not one carload was lost or stolen.
Gear Prohibited
Curves on Railway
Next In order comes tho Petrosrad-
Moscow limo, the fastest In Russia
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Passengers Were Soon
Short of Food Supplies

1t might be added, in passing, that
the unhappy passengers. of whom
there were about 800. barely survived
this ordeal. Many of them had only
come prepared for a five or six day
journey and this unexpected delay put
them in bad way for food. OF course
among the refugees aboard there was
very little Of fhis commodity anyway.
Those who had funds, however, We're
able to purchase goats milk, some
very unpalatable looking pieces OF
meat and black bread. The second
day the prices Of even these items,
purchasable at the little railroad mar
ket, doubled and trebled, and by the
end of the third day food could only
be obtained by the wealthy.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
American Relief Administra-
ton Had to Contend With
Broken-down Equipment
and Irregular Schedules in
Transporting Supplies to
the Destitute
By HARRY L. GILcHRIEsE.

When the Czar Alexander III, father
of the late Nicholas, ordered this road
built he instructed his engineers to
lay it in direct line. The final plans
We're brought to him for his approval.
Taking pencil and ruler he drew a
straight line on the sketch. connecting
up the two cities.
That" he said, "is the way 1 wish
the track to be laid
And that is the way 1t was laid. AS
straight as an arrow" bridging hun
dreds of miles OF swamp with a twenty
foot hill, the Petrograd- Moscow Rail-
road is aa illustrious example of engi-
neering. The run, matter OF 400
miles, takes sixteen hours, although
under normal conditions it is made in
twelve. Not only Is this the fastest
line in Russia, but the best In the
matter OF equipment. The sleeping cars
are OF the same palatial Pullman type
used all over continental Europe, dec
orously appointed and electrically
lighted. They are the only cars so
lighted | had the pleasure Of meeting
in Russia.
MeHlDerS OF the american Relief
Administration are well protected,
however, as far as sleeping cars arc
concerned. The coaches on the best
trains are as a rule so crowded and
unSar1itary that the railroad admins
tration, under the direction of Djerin-
sky, head of the dreaded Cheka,
turned over to Col. Haskell,s relief
organization q number of first class
sleepers for the exclusive use of the
A. r. A. travelling personnel. With
each car goes a mandate, or order,
from the Cheka authorizing it's use
Also two Government employees, or
porters, whose duty 1t is to keep the
car clean, see to it's watering and keep
the fire burning when necessary. The
prorodnih, as the porter is called, Is
an endless source of amusement to the
American.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27

There Is no more to say. The sequel
10 funeral at the Home for Incur
ables Is like that of any funeral any
where, The living talk about it for
a little and soon speak Of other things.
Moreover, this particular funeral
had beea protraeted for SO long that
when the patients came out IL was
near the supper hour. They have sup
per early at the Home for 1ncurables,
and as the dining rooms are at the
top of the house during the last day
light hours the elevators are obliged
to work overtime. And there Is always
a scramble among the guests to be
early Mt the board.
Pushing Charley boys chair as usual
Kate, although she had been last TO
leave the chapel. was first at the ele-
vator, she holds the record.
The New York herald., 1922-08-27


III Century pulling into Albany
after a hard days run from
New York, dropping anchor and lying
over for the night just by way of di-
version while on her 1000 mile cruise
between Manhattan and the middle
Western metropolis? Add to this a
few angular wheels, a roadbed with
the contours of a dromedary and pull
man" cars furnished with hard wood
benches, inhabited largely by the well
known tcootie' and pervaded with a
most unfragrant aroma-add these
minor annoyances and you have the
Moscow Samara Limited,
Although the distance from Moscow,
capital and largest citY~of Soviet Rus
sia, TO Samara Is only slightly moro
than half that covered by the Twen-
tieth Century in twenty hours, the
fastest time the daily wood burning
locomotive has ever made on the run
is two and one-half days. Usually the
distance requires about three days,
and the word "about" is used advisedly.
Ask O railroad official when a train
will leave or arrive at given sta
ton and he prefaces his reply with the
word about"
on recent trip to Samara wH
picked up Bill Shafroth, American
Relief Administration director for the
Samara district. at point eighty miles
short Of his destination. He had left
Moscow full day ahead of us, but his
train pulled into siding before finlsh-
ing the trip and the engineer un-
coupled and departed, leaving train
filed with passengers to hnlsh the
journey in any manner they saw mt.
How long the luckless passengers
remained there we never knew, be-
cause they were still there the next
morning when our engineer came back
to work The fact that they had been
held over thirty-six hours worried
them not at all, apparently, as they
walked up and down the station plat
form munching pieces of bread as un-
concerned as though it were an every
day occurrence.
And ii was. Nearly 5000 miles OF
travel in Soviet Russia have taught me
several unfailing truths anent rail-
roads and railroading in this land of
red flags and four hour work days.
And one Of these jewels of knowledge
lis that communistic train schedules
are about as dependable as the tenn
permanent of the engineers, who Incl
dentally are endowed with this virtue
to degree that is the envy Of every
ballet star. On little jaunt down
toward the, Caucasus last March our
engineer dropped us at heaven for
saken village and there left us for
three days because he thought the
bridge across a river in front of us was
unsafe. This would have been a laud-
able decision on his part had it not
! been for the fact that several heavy
freight trains successfully negotiated
the crossing during our three days of
enforced isolation.
II
The New York herald., 1922-08-27
Services for Mrs.
Mulkey Attended
by All the In
m a t e s w hose
Wheeled Chairs
CouldBe Got Into
the Little Chapel
By WILLIS STEEL.

"A IRIS. MtJfSSEY died in the night,
MI but made no fuss about it.
\ Nevertheless nearly every
Phillips County herald., 1922-12-28
Stories Of ,, rl-e
Great Scouts 1s,.s. s.ss
q. Western Newspaper Union.
WHEN ANDY'sLEWlS FOUGHT
CHIEF CoRNsTALk

The battle OF Point Pleasant on
September 10, l714, was the first "all.
American" ba,tle ever fought on this
continent. Europeans. hads taken part
in all important engagements before
French and Indians against British
md Americans. But when Andy Lewis
and his borderers batled with Chief
Cornstalk AID his Shewnees, Il was
strictly native affair.
Lewis was born In ireland, but he
had come to this country while still
a child, and he was no less an Amer
lean than the frontiersmen he led. He
fought with George Washington in the
French and Indian war and he became
one of the greatest leaders OF the CO.
lonia. troops. He was six feet two
|, inches tall and powerful.
! Lewis was chosen. by Lord Dunmore
In 1874 TO lead a picked body OF men
against the Shawnees while Dnnmore
attacked them from another direction.
Chief ,Cosnstalk knew the two armies
were coming aud decided to defeat one
before the other could join it-a ia
vorite trick Of Napoleon.
The Shawnees attacked Lewis army
early one morning. Lewis had taken
out his pipe when the first shot was
fired. He coolly finished lighting his
pipe and then. gave the orders to- his
men, who rushed to meet the Indians.
Both sides fought ''Indian-fashlon." !"
dodglng from tree TO tree and taking
advantage of every bit Of cover. The
fighting was at close range and in
the smoke-fiIled forest frontiersman
and Indian came hand TO hand-toma-
hawk against hunting knife.
Late in the afternoon the Indians
gave way, hut there wss no rout.
Cornstalk was too good general for
that and the Americans paid dearly
for every foo, of ground they won.
That night Lewis held possession o.!
the battlefield. but he had won it ut n
terrible cost-75 men killed md 40
wounded. Andy Lewis and his bor-
derers had won the greatest Indian
battle In early American history.
Andy Lewis did not have Il chance
to make name for himself in tho
War of the Revolution which soon fol.
lowed. He was passed over FOR gem
erals OF less ability and he died In
1880 IN emhittered, brokcn-hcar,ed
old man. The fate OF his opponent,
Cosustnlk, had also been a sad one.
In I17T he came ia fort on the Ohio
on a friendly mission. He was arrest
Ell md thrown into prison. While
there the great Shawnee leader was
trcac!crnusly murdered by mob of
soldiers In revenge for the death OF
co,nrade who had been killed by In
dians. ~ ~ 49,. 81 --sss
Phillips County herald., 1922-12-28
Saarbrucken

making coke IN 4 bee hive type OF
oven. Later patents were granted in
England. Scotland and Germany. and
hnally IN 1917. VIC find Isaac Meason
making coke IN the ground" in Fay
cite County. Pennsylvania.
That was the crude beginning OF one
OF Americas key industries. for from
these bee hive ovens. waIcful rs they
were. grew the great modern plants
iha, as.onishcd the world curing the
war by their production OF poison
gases, high explosives, fertilizers and
other vital necessities. In times oi
peace these plants produce dyes and
great quantities OF Intermediates for
the manufacture OF other commodities.
In times of wlr they are easily con-
yer,ed into sironrholds OF defense.
You will remember that II was an
English hoy who discovered the posi-
billy oi manufacturing dyes from coal
tar hns England let the great chaner
she found herself in bad way when
war broke out in 1914. II xas humili.
aiinr for the United States TO he
caught mapping and TO be compelled to
beg Germany TO sell us dyes to color
our stamps and currency but England
found herself in a jsr more SERIOUS
situation. She had no dyes for her
uniforms or flags, and no drugs for
her wounded. She c9nld not sell to
the iorntr Gefman markets because
she could not color her textiles. She
could not send sufficient high explo.
sives or easscs TO the front because
she lacked the essential coal tar crude
But England viii not be caught
asleep again. She has placed an en-.
barge on foreign dyes and Is working
with all her strength TO develop her
own chemical industry.
,m,fisan ru,ins... Ne. yot.)