davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-08-27
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

A S sat with Admiral Cagni. the
~ doughty Italian naval war
n rior. while his luncheon guest
aboard the yacht of former
Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria, in
the harbor of Pola, it was but nat
ural that surroundings should stir
conversation of the vanquished dual
monarchy and it's future. Cryptic but
prophetic was the admirars express
sion of the former enemy's fate.
Italy has vanquished a terrible
enemy. but Italy no more will be
mcnaced. at least for not a century.
Austria will collapse. She will be
miserable. There are too many con-
flictins interests for her to withstand
adversely and defeat. Austria will be-
come pawn for the nations. Who
knows? She may die. Is it not so?''
And the doughty little Italian, who
was so successful IN solving enemy
naval plans. sank into meditative 81
lence, as if foreseeing chaos for the
hereditary enemy.
Austria today has reached the chaos
that conqueror predicted.
Harvest Of Misery and Poverty.
Poverty. misery and soul-crushing
economic and financial conditions are
reaping a full harvest in the once
great empire. Since the armistice
which ended the world war frantic
appeals hav gone forth from Vienna
TO entente capitals and allied confer
cnces to save the situation. Entente
..r,nliers have at various times held
:. =, promises and hope for the sticken
.,.o,.res. bit as yet no action has been
ta.on other than political strivings
designed to further weaken the power
of Austria as state. but forever
prevent her from aligning herself
with old-time friends. New nations
have been carved from her bound
aries. Old enemies have united in
iron-Dound agreements. watching and
waiting for her gradusN decline.
The hour OF reckoning is now at
Evening star., 1922-08-27

In line and ratify, the treaty would
be carried out by the three great
naval powers of the world that havs
already given assent to 1.-THE United
States. Great Britain and Japan
After all, in the first instance, ehs
naval Limitation treaty was conceived
to put an end to the ruinous naval
armament race which was being con-
Quoted by the three great naval
powers. This does not mean, <of
course. that the ratification of this
treaty by France and Italy is not
earnestly desired. 49,.
Ends AnElo-Jnpanese Alliance.
The same belief is found to exist
with regard to the four power Pacific
treaty. under whose terms the Anglo-
Japanese alliance will cease to exist.
not ratified this pact.
The Washington conference and
the Washington treaties already have
had a beneficial effect. The United
States government, in anticipation OF
the ratification of the naval limIta-
tion treaty, has curtailed its appro-
priations for the Navy by many mil
lions Of dollars. 1t has reduced by
many thousands the personnel Of the
Navy; it has thrown out appropria-
tions for continuing the construction
of the great vessels it had under way;
it has made plans for scrapping the
vessels it agreed to do away with.
The actual scrapping of these vessels,
however. naturally will await the
final exchange of ratifications Of tho
treaty. The same curtailment of ex-
penditures, it is said. has been made
by Great Britain and by Japan, to
the benefit of the taxpayers.
Pence I'm the Pacific.
Before the Washington conference
was held there were recurring rumors
of coming trouble between the United
States and Japan. The press Of this
country and of Japan gave space to
sensational reports. But since the
Washington conference the suspicion
that existed In the minds of many in
both nations has given place to a
better understanding. There Is DIS
tinctly a better feeling This result
undoubtedly is due to the conference
itself-the getting together of the
representatives of the nations inter-
ested in the problems of the Pacific.
1t has been helped by the prospective
elimination of the Anglo-Japanese
alliance, which, rightly or wrongly,
was held to be a menace to peace in
the far east. -
China has been passing through .
difficult period in the last six months,
but recent reports indicate that there
seems to be a break in tho clouds
that have hung over that nation.
Undoubtedly the pledges that we're
made hero by the powers assembled
to respect the rights of China viii
have a beneficial effect and, 1t 10 be-
lieved, already have had such an
effect there. Some Of the agreements
with regard to China arc dependent
upon the establishment of q stable
government in China herself The
effort of the conferees was largely tn
give China a chance to help herself.
The reassembling Of tho Brenen
parliament naturally Is awaited with
much interest here. What France
will do with tho treaties, and Whsns
is a matter Of much moment The
day that President Harding Ii able
to announce to the world the formal
exchange of ratifcadons OF all the
Washington treaties by all the ns-
tions will be indeed an historic date.
Evening star., 1922-08-27
CENTRAL, AMERICAN UNION
PROSPECTS ARE BRIGHTER
Agreement Signed Last Week Aboard
Tacoma May Be Followed by a
Conference Here.

her revolutions. inspired in virtually
every case by disgruntled politicians
whose sole aim has been to advance
their petty interests. Observers here
are inclined to believe that the con-
certed action agreed upon by the
presidents of Nicaragua, Honduras
and Salvador to keep their borders
clean of these political malcontents
and fomentors of revolution Is By
far the most important result OF the
conference. In the past, a favorits
practice has been for the revolutions
list to cross the border Of his coun.
try long enough to hatch his plans
and gather his co-conspirators for
his coup d'etat. Beyond its terr1tofY
his own government was powerlAss
to reach him, and when the ap-
pointed time came he crossed the
border, marched on the capital and
presto, Another revolution. a gov
ernment changes hands overnighe
and the country is thrown into q
turmoil which subsidies about the
time another revolution is due.
BY the present agreement, in ad.
dition to ridding its borders OF man
dangerous to the peace Of another
republic, in case of an invasion the
government in whose territory the
expedition originates must send
force to dispel the invaders and
punish the leaders. expelling them
upon request of the threatened gov
ernment. Provided this agreement
is carried out to the letter, 1t should
rid the states involved of a menace
which has always been present. And
until they are relieved Of this men
ace, the Central American republics
can never hope to accomplish what
a normal development of their -.
sources promises.
May Bring About Union. -
So far as the proposed conferences
next December is concerned, observ-
ers here believe it will do much
toward bringing about what all Gen.
tral America believe Is a good
thing, but something they have never
been able to accomplish-a union Of
Central American states. They base
CONTINUED on Third Page.) ~.
Evening star., 1922-08-27
\ oLITIcs 10 supposed to be q
, dull and dirty game. a scram-
bio for place and power. So

UAo @oA PAoSo dhu po"oE. OO
1t is II one views 1t only from
day to day and from month to
month. But considered from decade
to decade, from generation to gen.
GRAFTON, the dull and dirty game be-
gins to assume a large form. It ap-
pears as a current in human affairs.
Upon the waves movements ride and
ideas translate themselves signifi-
cantly. Tides are visible. Cross
currents bite into the flood and then
slowly turn the tide to a new direc-
ton. It seems curiously mad-the
whole rush and crash and twisting
torrent even when 1t looms with the
passing of generations. Yet it is
translatable into fairly simple terms.
Politics seen in the large is the tur-
moil between ideas so great that
men in the mass may not state them
simply; SO large that men wrestle
only over the surface outcroppings
Of the deeply buried hulks of truth
that move in the under conscious
ness Of mankind.
For thirty years-possibly for fifty
the politics of the world has been
moved by a theory of biologists. who
hold that environment was more i'm
Evening star., 1922-08-27
BIZ G. GOULD LINCOLN.
"A me months and q little more
nj have passed since Secretary
Hughes, speaking for the

Y Hughes, speaking for the
United States government at
tn. opening Of the Washington con-
ference on Limitation Of armament
and tho problems Of tho Pacific. pro-
posed a program Of naval limitation
that astounded by its frankness the
diplomats Of the world and gave hope
to tax-burdened peoples.
For three months the representa-
tives Of nine powers labored here. and
out of their labors came three major
treaties and a number of other agree
ments Of much Importance. The hrst
Of these treaties is the fve-power
naval Limitation treaty. signel by
the United States, Great Britain,
France, Italy and Japan. The second
is the four-power Pacific treaty, sign
ed by the United States, Great Britain,
France and Japan; and the third is
the nine-power far east treaty.
guaranteeing tho integrity Of China.
signed by the United States. Great
Britain, France, Italy. Japan. Bel
GUM, Portugal, the Netherlands and
China. And, of tremendous impor-
tance to peace in the far east. there
was negotiated here at the same time
the so-called Shantung treatey be-
tween Japan and China, under which
provision was made for the return by
Japan Of the former German holdings
in the province of Shantung to China
The Situation Today
What is the situation today with
regard to these treaties and agree
ments? What has been the effect OF
Evening star., 1922-08-27

and then 90 ahead and execute them.
Consequently, they were able to dis
patch business and quit.
But with the advent Of the Sixty-sec-
ond Congress the committee on COM
mittees system was first put into opera
tion, and the responsibility, previously
vested in the Speaker, was scrambled.
Tho most direct result was that there
was no particular check on committee
activities. The lid was off and pro-
posed legislation, whether desirable or
not, whether agreeable to the party
policy or fitting in with the administra-
ton program or not, was given a hear
ing and whipped along.
This led to widespread activities on
the part Of the House itself, and pro-
longed its sessions. Coincidentally with
this the seventeenth amendment to the
Constitution began to operate, whereby
senators were elected by direct vote Of
the people. This liberalized procedure in
the Senate and its committees, where
there was even greater latitude for un-
limited discussion. These two reforms
together tended to lengthen the session
of Congress.
World War Legislation.
Shortly afterward the world war
made necessary a great deal of legis-
lation, both in a preliminary way and
after this country entered the war.
This war legislation necessarily took
q oP i,, 20 o,t
nearly the entire time Of the Sixty
fifth Congress was devoted to war
measures. Following the armistice
came the league of nations treaty,
which was considered to the exclu-
sion Of ordinary business in the Sen
ate for months, while the House was
engaged in the consideration of
measures dealing with the aftermath
Of the world Observation-Disclosures re-
Mobilization. settlements-a and one
emergency after another arose to keep
Congress in session.
Beginning with the Sixty-frst Con-
gress. which was the last Congress
under Speaker Cannon's incumbency.
when his power to appoint commit
tees was taken away. there was an
extra session at which the Payne
Aldrich tariff law was considered and
passed. Congress then adjourned on
August 5. 1909. having been in session
since March Is. considering the tariff
bill exclusively.
Then in the Sixty y-second Congress,
in which the House was overwhelm-
ingly democratic. President Taft
called an extra session. which met on
April 4. 1911. and adjourned August
%. during which the Canadian reci-
procity bill was passed and a number
OF so-called "popsun" tariff bills-all
Of which were vetoed by President
Taft or held up in the republican
Senate.
Ran Into Regular Session.
Then, again. in the Sixty-third Con-
gress there was an extra session,
convened April Z. 1918, which did not
adjourn until December 1, running
into the regular session. during which
the Underwood tariff bill and the cur
rency law were passed.
For the first time in years there
was no extra session in the Sixty
fourth Congress. the former usual re-
cess being taken from March until
December s. This was the only. ex-
tended recess in fourteen years.
Then in the Sixty-fifth Congress,
President Wilson called Congress
into session. converting on April =.
1917. because Of the impending war
menace. Congress declared war on
April 6. This session extended until
October s, since which time the ear
Evening star., 1922-08-27
BY BEN MckELWAY.

w YHEN the presidents of three
w Gsss5s, sss,,s.-s,sssssss, A%sss'ss" Hone ss.
duras and Salvador-met
by common agreement aboard the
United States cruiser Tacoma last
week and in the presence of the
American ministers to their coun-
tries renewed the treaty of peace
and friendship, signed in Washing
ton in 1907, they took one of the
most important steps in history
toward preserving peace in a land
whose growth and development has
always been hampered by political
intrigue and petty warfare. This
much is conceded by Central Ameri-
can diplomats in Washington who
profess to see in the conference the
beginning of a new order of rela-
tions between the republics of Cen
trail America.
aside from the spirit of friendship
and good feeling renewed by the
conference. there are two outstanding
ACCOMPLISHMENTS which are of especial
Significance in the opinion of some OBJ
servers.
Respect for Frontiers.
The first is the agreement reached
between the conferees to prohibit
leaders of agitation. political immi-
grants or their agents from living
near the frontiers and to share the
responsibility of preventing armed
invasions by these bands by their
immediate arrest and punishment
upon the request of the government
threatened.
The second is a decision to hold
q conference in December for the
discussion of economic matters.
closer commercial relations. free ex-
change of products and the uniica-
ton of money, customs. tariffs and
ways of communication. This con-
ference, 1t is believed, will be held
in washington and will be the first
step toward another attempt at
forming q union Of Central American
states.
Caused by Revolutions.
Central Americas curse has been
Evening star., 1922-08-27

Note.-In publishing this arti-
Gle by the brilliant editor Of the
Emporia Gazette. The Star does
not necessarily tndorse the views,
he expresses. But Mr.. White
brings to the discussion of cur
rent events fertile mind and an
mating public viii place its own
advances.
Evening star., 1922-08-27
''AS I SEE IT."
By Willian, .Alle. White.

portant than heredity in determining
tho character Of q living creature.
So. all over the world political parties
have been organized to affect the en-
vironment Of humanity. The liberal
in England, the continental socialist.
the American progressives, the whole
kit and Doodle of uplifters, reformers.
corn dancers and idealists have been
bent on redistributing the gross in
como of mankind SO that the average
man could live in better houses than
ever before, cat more white bread and
meat, wear better clothes. read moro
books, work shorter hours, ride in
erander carriages. both public and
private, and generally kick up moro
dust as he passed through his worldly
pilgrimage than the average man
ever had produced in tho world be-
fore. Universal education came to the
world. Parties rose and fell. Poll
ticians lied like Ananias. Demagogues
appeared, promised the voters the
moon with plum jam on 1t. and sold
out. or faded out or really Clipped of
hero and there a chunk Of the moon.
And all because pale, cloistered scien-
lists. fifty or seventy-five years ago.
decided that environment was impor-
tant in the human equation.
Now the theory Of environment Is CIV
ing way to the theory that heredity
is the governing cause in mans welfare
and happiness. In the Century Maga-
zine a debate is going on between Al
bert Wiggam, a biologist, and Bernard
Shaw upon the relative importance Of
heredity and environment Books are
cascading out of the presses upholding
the theory of heredity. Soon the con-
(Copf{puod nm Third po0nN
Evening star., 1922-08-27
BY WILL p. KENNEDY.

n RESENT discussion regarding
- plans for adjournment of Con-
gress emphasizes the fact that
of-recent years senator's and
representatives, are getting to be
year-round residents of Washington,
remaining almost continuously in
session, instead of rushing btlls
through in a few months and then
scattering to their homes. As a mat
ter of fact since President Taft
called Congress into extraordinary
session in 1909 to consider the Cana
dian reciprocity bill UP to the s1st
of this month, Congress will have
been in session 3,549 days out of a
possible 5000 days. This is in strong
contrast to some earlier sessions.
When will Congress ADJOURN" Is
the question on every tongue on
Capitol hill, and the answer no man
can yet give, even the administration
leaders. There is some talk that
Congress will get away in about a
week-but there the wish is father
to the thought. That would be an
open admi ssion on the part OF the
shelved. While it Is true that there
is very strong sentiment in favor
of indefinitely postponing final action
on the tariff. the party In power will
not admit this.
Short Recess Probable.
Congress may adjourn about octo
her 1. some of those who pretend
TO have some inside information will
tell you. The best dope" at present
is that Congress will take a recess
shortly until after the elections, then
coming back and using the short
time before the short session which
opens on December 4, to get some OF
the legislative matters disposed of
before tackling the appropriation
bills.
The short session-December to
March 4, exactly three months-must
be given over almost exclusively to
the appropriation bills which must
be passed before the new Congress
comes in. The failure of any appro-
Ration bill to pass would necessitate
an extra session. when if they once
come back and take off the lid, and
open the door to other matters there
is no telling when the members can
again get away from Washington.
There are those who argue that it
would be a big relief for the country
generally and for members OF Con-
Sress themselves if Congress were not
SO almost continuously in session, grant
ing an interregnum during which the
f1 o1os
with their constituents, allowing the
lawyers to really find out what the laws
are. and giving the people a chance to
work out their own salvation naturally,
rather than artinciaIy by depending
upon legislative specifics and panaceas.
But the fact remains that the present
system of organizing the Congress and
the rules of practice are largely re.
sponsible for the heightened sessions
So that until some important changes
are made We are likely to have Con-
gress with US for the best part of each
summer. from now on.
Under the Old System.
During the long session on three
different occasions the House adjourned
early, having completed its program
For instance. it adjourned as early as
April IS. 1904; again. it adjourned on
June 80. 1906, and 4 third time on June
%. 1910.
At the commencement of the session
it was the practice to prepare a pro-
gram. and by the process of party
caucuses to determine what the majority
party wanted to do, to fix it's policies
Evening star., 1922-08-27

w yHEN the presidents Of three
NN/ Central American re-
y " publics-Nicaragua Hon
dnras and SalYadOr-met
Evening star., 1922-08-27

CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1922-08-27

CONTINUED on Third Page }
Evening star., 1922-08-27

Caused by Revoluti0ns.
Central Americas curse has been
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1922-06-08
BACHELORS GIVE DR..
RODDEN PARTY
Local Men Recognize Approaching
Marriage of Popular SkoWhegan
Dentist

Members of the Bachelor Club. AT
organization which is being Consid
erably depleted by Cupids arrows
rendered "A dinner last evening at Ho
tel Oxford to DR.. Arthur +. Rodde
who will shortly marry Miss Jun,
Ames. The affair was ostensibly al.
ranged for Clifford +. Aulis OF Phil
adelphia who was at Lake Wesserun-
Sett for a few days and who IS an
honorary member OF the club haviaC
been married last fall. Upon the ar
rival of DR.. Rodden at the hotel how
ever. he soon became aware that the
event was in reality planned for hi,
benefit. Landlord Hanson served
delicious shore dinner, a feature Of
the banquet table being an electric
reading lamp which the members of
the club presented to DR. Rodden as
souvenir of the occasion. After
the dinner. the participants adjourned
to the home of John l.. Fish where
the remainder of the evening was pas
sed socially, Club members pres
ent beside DR. Rodden and Mr. Aulis
were DR. H II Rodden OF Madison
G Allan Wentworth. Jack Roaf and
John L. Fish of Skowhegan. Guests
we're l. H Whitney and Walter &.
Wyman. ---..-.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1922-06-08
Merchants Day, Friday, June %

BY vote OF the Skowhegan Mer-
chants Association Friday. June %,
has been designated as Merchants
Day. Many and probably all Skowhe-
gan retail establishments will plan to
offer unusual bargains on that date.
u has been definitely decided that
there will not be the usual entertain
ment program at the opera house, but
it is probable that some other form of
entertainment, perhaps in the way OF
a band concert, will be provided.
Our next issue will contain further
particulars, and our issue of June ~
will doubtless contain many import
ant announcements by Skowhegan
merchants as to the bargains they
have to offer.
A meeting will be held at the NUM-
cipal Building this Thursday eve
ming at 7.30 to consider Merchants
Day plans All interested are urged
to attend.
The independent-reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1909-1955, 1922-06-08
NEW ROAD TO Be FIN
|SHEO BY AUGUST
One Mile OF Surface Rock Is Ready
for the Asphalt. Two and one.
fourth Miles More

One mile of surface rock Is ready
for the Asphalt on the new state road
being built between here and the Fair
field town line and concrete head
walls are in for metal culverts. Both
stone crushers are running and about
sixty men are being employed under
the direction of Fo Il & Smiley. This
leaves about IA miles more to build
to complete the road. which 1t is ex-
pected will be finished by the first Of
August The greater part of the
men employed In the construction Ell
ther board at the Stread farm house
or at the camps which the company
operates for the convenience OF their
employees. Attention has been cal
led to the fact that the new state road
is still closed to the public and since
traffic is injurious to the highway and
great inconvenience to the builders,
it should be needed, not only directly
on the portions which is now being
worked on but on that paft which. has
already been completed. The Holt
caterpillar tractor which Ford 4 Snail
ey purchased, is being worked to ex-
cellent advantage.