davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1922-06-13

For years the American FEEDER
alton of Labor. under the dom
nance OF the shrewd Sam Com
pers. has adhered 10 the policy Of
having no trades union politica
party as such. Now all signs point
to the early plunge OF the affiliated
labor unions into politics as a
regularly organized party. The i'm
portance of this development in the
political life of the country will be
large. The consequences to Amerl-
can labor unioDism itself are more
likely to be disappointing than
profitable.
The long resistance OF Gompers
TO the launching OF a formal union
labor party on the troubled waters
of national politics was as fruitful
of rich favors from the established
parties as It was cunning in con-
ception. Himself born in England
and with a we'll grounded under
standing OF British social, political
and industrial conditions. Gompers
had a keen perception of the strik-
ing difference in the proportion of
industrial labor to total population
in Great Britain on the one hand,
and on the other hand in the United
States.
Primarily a manufacturing. coal
mining and transporting nation, by
sea as by land, Great Britain's in
dustrial workers were the natural
elements to form into powerful
trades unionism. The wonder is not
that union labor. so large a part of
all the British voters once the
ballot was conferred generally be-
came a militant political party when
It stepped forth as such but that
II delayed so long as it did In set
ting up in politics for itself, first
to make David Lloyd Georges as
leaders in opposition to conserva-
tive governments and afterward to
fight David Lloyd Georges when
they became responsible Ministers
chargd with the heavy burdens of
steering the national ship of state.
Gompers knew that in this coun-
try sharply contrasted with Eng
land. the small proprietors in the
colossal agricultural industry far
outweighed and always would out
weigh in numbers, stability and in
fluence all the workers in manufac-
lures that ever could be made sub !
ject to the laws and the customs of |
trades unionism.
Gompers knew, furthermore, that |
there is and ever will be an ire
concilable antagonism between the
farmer and the union
labor member based on the funda-
mental fact of the farmers hard,
stubborn. heroic labor of ten,
twelve, fifteen hours day as
against the trades union standard
IF eight hours or even less of act
Ial work, and at that no harder
work than is unavoidable.
So Gompers has known in his
leart, no matter what his lips have
shouted to the multitudes, that in
politics the American farmer and
he union organizer never would
,et together-has known that,
whenever trades unionism did stand
Up as a definite. concrete political
,arty the American farmer at the
'allo. box would come down upon
like a thousand OF brick.
But, more than all that, the
rafty Sam Gompers knew that the
cal political card for him TO play
Evening journal., 1922-06-13
Union Labor in Politics
CFrom the New York Herald)

was TO threaten existing parties will
what his labor organization woul(
do to them If they did not obey
its always strenuous and often in
solent orders to come across witt
this. that or the other thing com
| maDded by Gompers, and his fel'
low rulers OF theAmerican FEEDER
alton of Labor.
To stand up and be counted as a
vote casting party at the polls
would rob the threat of its terrors
| II the actual labor votes were com
pared in a party count with the
votes of other parties and found
wanting. Gompers knew that. But
to invite other parties TO bid for
union labor support with legislative
and administrative tribute and privi-
lege was pretty soft business for
the union leaders making dupes of
great political parties and bagging
the game. although the unorgaDized
public might get little or nothing.
Gompers knew that too and he
worked IL for all II was worth.
In this way under the serpent
wise guidance OF Gompers. national
trades unionism has been cashing in
for years out of the assets of the
regular political parties, so to
speak. to an extraordinary degree,
without maintaining a party any
where. But now comes a much
advertised "non- partisan" political
campaign to be waged by union
labor as a group in New York. in
Illinois in other States and
communities.
NOn-partisan humbugi Nonparti
san political movements are not
possible in State and national poll
tics. Either groups OF voters act
with or for a distinctly defined
political party already in the field
or they go into political business for
themselves.
1t will be so with the farmers IL
they create a national non-partisan
political party, as It was with the
farmers when they created a non
partisan party in North Dakota. It
will be so with the commercial and
business classes North and South
if they swing together in a party
Then we may have bloc govern
ment here as the people have in
virtually every country in Europa.
II will be in America very in
effective government For a coun-
try like this with its vast variety of
Industrial interests and human ele- !
ments it may become a very dan |
gerous kind of government. But no |
matter what kind of government II |
is the labor unions in such a gov /
would never climb upon I
the backs OF the American farm /
ers The agricultural bloc is the /
master even now.
Sam Gompers knows all this. |
When therefore, his American Fed |
grafton of Labor personally con-
iucted by him through the long |
years. edges so close to the forma-
ion Of a national political party |
with the usual State and local !
parties under It getting down to the /
,rass tacks OF party organization.
what does it signify? Is it the
passing OF Gompers before the on
coming rush of the younger spirits.
he less experienced of his associ-
ties, fired with political ambition
md thirsting for political advent
ire. where the older and wiser head I
las been intent upon and satisfied
With bringing home the bacon?
Evening journal., 1922-06-13
cAApI AND FEARLEssNEss

w warpath. they take caapi drug from the
root of jungle Caapi makes the abso-
utely fearless. humanity courageous says Dr.
H Rusby. of Columbia University He observed the
drug in while scientific expedition.
In the next big war. drugs like caapi will be impor-
tant fighting weapons.
II is not improbable that the OF retreating
will radiophone few thousand barrels of
stun like caapi, TO be rushed by airplane
Where is the glory of war. when It is reduced 10
laboratory chemical basis? that glory there
WILDE scant enthusiasm among Deawareans and c.ners
" the feld-
Evening journal., 1922-06-13
BELLEFoNTE CLUB OUTING.

Members of the Bellefonte Civics
Club are planning an excursion trip
on Thursday to Riverview Beach.
The trip will be made by one Of the
Wilson Line steamboats,. All per-
sons planning to go are asked to take
the IL o'clock boat, from Fourth
street wharf
Evening journal., 1922-06-13

Many highly useful articles are
available through the Want Ads. at
thrift prices-Adv.
Evening journal., 1922-06-13

Don't delay to employ Want Ad
salesmen when hurry need comes
Adv.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01

In the last few years the farmer
has progressed more rapidly than
the city man in the matter Of
That sounds like a pretty broad
statement. City folks, especially,
feel that they have the best OF ev-
erything and that they are GER
tafhly more progressive than the
folks out in the country.
But when you come to think
about II, II is easy to see that in
this case the farmer has the best
Of it--that when IL comes to get
ting about he has reached the most
advanced stage of any one.
For instance, IL was only a few
years ago that the farmer was
using the old teams with the buck
boards, the hay. wagons and all the
rest of the old equipment He had
to hitch up 'Dobbin and the old
gray mare every time he wanted to
go anywhere and in between times
he had to feed and water and bed
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01
Worst Road Fades.

The twelve miles OF the West
Michigan pike. near South Haven,
once termed the worst road in the
world" has been paved with con-
crete and is nSw open to travel.
Closing this gap opens the entire
West Michigan pike from the State
line to the Straits OF Mackinac to
the motoring public without any
detours, giving one of the finest
roads in the United States for mo-
tor travel. The coming spring and
summer IL is expected will see mo-
florists from all over the country
using this route to the heart OF
Michigan's resort region.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01
UNIFORM NAMES
in CAR INDUSTRY
URGED BY GROUP
Committee Recommends
Standard List of
Terms.

An Irish coachman of days gone
by said in answer to a question:
Mr.. Bradley has gone to take a
ride In his interim, sir. An hour
ago he says to me: Michael saws
he, Tn expectin' Mr.. Brown this
morning. but as he won't be here
for some time I'll just go down
town in the interim And with that
he got into what 1 always called
his buggy and of he drove. They
do be havin' strange names for
things these days"
And although Irish coachmen
and buggies are no more, the
strange names" have been perpet-
uated with singular persistency by
those who have to do with the
making, selling and using of auto
mobiles.
In the illustrated handbooks
issued in connection with the ma
tional automobile shows from 1909
to 1921, a collection Of automobiles
calculated to turn the brain of the
ablest photographer may be found.
In the 1903 handbook are these,
which make quite a dissemination
for the later additions: Touring car,
runabout, limousine, landaulet,
brougham. speedcar. tourabout,
baby tonneau. sportabout, toy ton
reau, fiyabout, country brougham.
In 1910 other terms came into
vogue, such as pony tonneau, min
iature tonneau, runabout tonneau,
demi-tonneau, taxicab. speedster,
town car, victoria, phaeton (mean-
ing a small touring car without
top). torpedo. surrey. The 1911
handbook added coupe, and the
scout body, while 1912 went in
strongly for compound words and
offered the torpedo-roadster. ber-
line-limousine and the suburban
landau.
In the 1913 book appeared as
names not previously listed torpe-
do-phaeton, vestibule suburban n.
One lone newcomer appeared in the
1914 handbook. the landau-roadster
In 1915 we were introduced TO the
coupelet, landaulct-coupe. sedan,
coupe -ruabout landaulet- broughan.
Observation-Disclosures, the Riviera
and the cabriolet An electric, the
'fnside-drive coupe brougham." ap-
peared in 1916. while tourcoupe and
toursedan were reserved for the
1917 issue. But the end is not yet,
for In 1913 came along foursome.
French sedane, all-season sedan.
the sport-tour, clubster, bulldog
special. the flyer. sportster, sport
marine, etc.
The committee report recon-
mended the adoption as standard
of the following body names: Road
cabriolet,. sedan-landaulet, berline-
Limousine, brougham, landaulet.
cabriolet, sedan-landaulet. brine
landaulet, coupe-landaulet. limou-
sine-landaulet and brougham-lan-
daulet Another type is included in
the proposed nomenclature. but the
name will not be decided upon until
the consensus OF opinion OF auto
mobile and dealer advertising man.
ayers shall have been determined.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01

AUTOMOB lES AND FARMERS
HAVE BECOME. MISERABLE
Workers of the Soil Regard Transportation a,
Ali-Important in Pleasure and Business.

down and do all the other tire
some chores that were necessary TO
Keep his transportation in working
order. And as he. went jogging
along the long road to town he
used TO condemn the modern motor
vehicles that gave him their dust
and haunted their superiority.
About that time the CITY folks
were also using railway cars to get
about from place to place, And
the point Of IL is that they are
still using them while the farmer
today owns more automobiles than
the city people do. The farmer, "a
a class. now uses a third Of all the
motor cars there are-more than
any other class.
1t looks as though the farming
communities in many sections were
going TO pass over the stage of
local railway cars altogether and
standardize on the automobile. The
farmer with motor equipment has
no need for any other means Of
transportation. No other form OF
travel nils his need so completely.
No other means OF transportation
would afford him the independence
he has enjoyed since he discovered
the advantages of automobile use.
There Is no need for steel rails
running across the farmers land or
past his gate, limiting his rapid
Transit to set schedules in one or
two directions. Constantly improv-
ing roads have supplanted the
dusty. rutty. muddy, narrow turn
pixies. They lead in all directions
and the farmer and his crops fol-
low them at will and at whatever
speed is necessary or desirable
Summer and winter, their hard
smooth surfaces provide comfort
able going.
wherever the automobile has
gone, good roads have followed
And II is certain that with the
prices OF quality, completely equip
ped motor cars within the reach OF
practically every farmer. more and
more farms will be reached by
good highways.
And this is not only a result of
low purchase prices for cars but
also OF the ability of the sturdy
light. well balanced car to provide
transportation at lower upkeep
cost than the old-fashioned teams
as low, in fact, or even lower than
the rate Of car fare.
Indeed, in this type Of automo-
bile the farmer has found what he
wants and his use OF IL is increas-
ing more and more rapidly.
II saves him time. 1t saves him
money. II saves him labor. And
IL does all these things in many
ways. II is not only useful as the
reliable, convenient and inexpen-
sive link between farm and town.
Its general ability about the farm
Is almost unlimited. 1t carries the
owner on tours of inspection, the
hands TO and from work. imple-
ments from place to place. And
every day the farmer is finding
new uses for his cars.-The Chew
rolet Review.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01

Q. What are the principal causes
of lost power and how do you test
for compression?
A. The principal causes of lost
power are irregular engine opera :
ton due to faulty spark plugs, ig-
milton, valves, etc. overheating and
carbon deposits. The easiest method
of testing compression is to turn
the crankshaft over by means of
the starting crank with all compress
sion release cocks closed and spark
plugs in place. The greater the re-
sistance to cranking the better the
compression. Compression gauges
that screw into the cylinder head in
place of spark plug can be OBJ
tanned.
Q. Can you explain here in a sim
pie way the action of a Ford trans
mission?
A. Quite a difficult proposition.
Suggest you write to the Vacuum
Oil Company, 81 Broadway, New
York City, and ask them for a COPY
Of their pamphlet, fabrication Of
the Automobile, No. 1.-The Chas-
sis" This publication is free and
very Interestingly explains the ac-
ton of the Ford transmission.
Q. What is progressive type
transmission and is this form in
operation today?
A. A type of transmission in
which one intermediate gear is COM
mon to all speeds. The shifting
lever operates on a notched segment
in back and forward movement. II
one is in the reverse position and
wishes to go to the high speed the
hand lever pnust be shifted through
the slow speed and intermediate
positions progressively before the
direct drive is obtained.
Q. Some one told me that there
are District regulations applicable
to the locks employed ,on cars in
the District. What are they, please?
Section Special Requirements
Applicable to Motor Vehicles.
(a) Each motor vehicle referred
to In these regulations shall be pro-
vided with lock suitable to lock
the starting lever, throttle. or switch
by which the vehicle IL set In mo-
ton, and no person shall allow any
motor vehicle operated by him to
stand or remain unatten ded on any
street or in any public place with
out first having locked the lever,
throttle or switch by which said
motor vehicle may be set in mo-
ton: Provided. That the locking of
wheels of automobiles so as to pre-
vent same from being readily moved
in case OF emergency is hereby pro-
=
(d) Every motor vehicle while in
use in the District of Columbia
shall be equipped with good apd
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01
MOTOR TRUCK men
MAY STANDARDIzE
CABS FOR SERVICE
Drivers Seating Comfort
Is Considered Impor-
tant Point.

Owing to the large number %
purposes for which motor trucks
are used. il is the universal practice
Of all truck builders to sell motor
trucks without bodies OF cabs. these
units being obtained by the chassis
purchaser. As bodies and cabs are
not interchangeable on different
makes OF truck of the same ca
pacity, IL is necessary for motor
truck chassis buyers 10 place spe-
cial orders for bodies and cabs.
these units being fitted TO the truck
al the body builders plant, result
ing in additional expense and a loss
Of time.
Motor truck users and body and
cab manufacturers fully appreciate
this most uneconomical situation.
but as the quantity production OF
bodies and cabs is absolutely i'm
possible owing to the variation In
the amounting dimensions for the
different types and makes OF motor
truck chassis. they are poweriess 10
remedy the situation.
At the suggestion Of a truck
manufacturer having a large dis
tributor and dealer organization.
this condition is to be discussed bv
the motor truck manufacturers'
committee OF the Society OF Auto
motive Engineers standards COM
mittee.
The fundamental Dimensions
which must be standardized 20 OBJ
tain the desired interchangesbilIty
OF cabs are the distance from the
windshield 10 the front Of the driv-
er's seat and the width Of the seat.
The latter dimension has been
standardized at about 20 inch m
practice. but the former varies. de-
pending principally upon the angl,
Of the steering column.
II will probably be found neces-
sary 20 establish two cab widths
or seat lengths owing to the larger
crew usually carried on the heav-
Ter trucks and also to appearance.
Instruments viii probably hav, tp
be attached 20 a dash furnished a.
part of the chassis This would
save a large amount OF tim. in
equippinE trucks with cabs a. mo-
instrument connections would have
to be disturbed.
The location OF the pedals ana
the levers involves difficulties s..
far as Standardization is concerned
and great deal Of study will De
required The STANDARDIZATION a
the location Of the pedals and lev
ers is not absolutely NECESSARY.
however. from the standpoint az
standardiziaE the PRINCIPAL cal
mounting dimensions.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01
FUEL FOR AUTOISTS MAY SOON
BE LIMITED AS CARS INCREASE
Percentage of Commercial Gas Reaches
Highest Point by Cracking Process.

Comparatively high prices for fuel
have made the public interested in
things besides power. The large in
crease in the use of the automobiles,
trucks and tractors has compelled
an Investigation regarding the mag
nitude of our petroleum resources.
The estimate OF the unmined sup
ply shows that with the present rate
of consumption, the use of liquid
fuel may soon be limited.
The percentage of commercial
gasoline made from the crude has
about reached it's highest point by
the cracking process. The only way
the yield can be increased is by the
use of higher boiling fractions. This
will decrease the volatility of the
gasoline and necessitate better en-
CINE design. Formerly the CONNER
ciaI fuel was very volatile, but with
the expansion of the automotive in
dustry, the fuel grew heavier to
meet the increased demands.
We are experiencing trouble in
burning the present fuel. Many cars
show poor performance and low
mileage. Good operation can be
procured by using heat as a method
of converting the liquid into a gas.
Now consider the performance
good, yet why are We obtaining such
low mileage? Two cars OF exactly
the same manufacture and with the
same equipment will show very Diff
ferent mileage per gallon. Other
cars show very good power but little
economy. Let us discuss these fac
tors from the carburetion stand
point. Many other variables enter
into this question, but so little Is
known regarding the actual mix
ture requirements and such excess
sively rich mixtures are often used,
that a great saving can be made
by improving both the carbureton
system and the driver.
There are definite air-fuel ratios
that are required by an engine op-
Grating under different speed and
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1922-01-01
AUTOISTS SHOULD
KNOW CARS TIRES
Majority of Owners Are Not
Familiar With Various
Makes.

Here are interesting facts about
your automobile tire. One thousand
seven hundred and twenty-three
miles OF cotton fiber. IL placed end
to end go to make up the carcass
of a 30x3t cord tire. This is over
100000 feet OF cotton fiber. There
are 400 OF these fibers to the inch.
The best fiber is 1&-inch long. says
the fabric inspection department of
the Miller Rubber Company
In the 35x5 cord tire there are
30,330.000 feet of cotton fiber. This
is over 5,744 miles. Here again the
/ u Inch standard is maintained.
In the cords which go to make up
the carcass of the cord tire there
are fifteen twisted strands. Each
cord is divided into three cables Of
five strands each. There are $50
inches or eighteen yards OF fiber in
every inch of this yarn.
A standard make of nve-inch cord
tire has twenty to twenty-six cords
INCH. Eight plies or layers of cords
make up the carcass. The break
ing strength of a cord is approx
mately fifteen pounds. Cords are
similar to a medium weight fishing
line. Each Is insulated with rub
Der and each ply separated from the
rest by a layer Of rubber insula-
ton.
Just as is usually the case with
the shoes on two human feet, the
tires on the four wheels of an auto
mobile do not wear out evenly.
Rear tires, because of tractive and
brake strain, wear more rapidly
than front ones. The right rear
tire Is subjected to more strain
than the left because of the ring
drive, and because IL is lower down
on the crown of the road. IL not in
the rough at the side as other cars
are passed. In making tire tests
experts change back tires for front
and frequently right tires for left.
Thus the mileage Of the individual
tire is frequently increased.