davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
NIiteracy Appalling

The percentage Of iiliteracy In
old Russia was appalling. sinco
1917, 10000 new schools have becn
opened in Russia. They range all
Of the way from k,ndcrgartcns 90
high schools. Moscow had many
immense boarding schools. patron.
issd by the children OF tho elite.
prior 10 the revolution. These
and many other large buildings
are filled with the children OF
workers and pepsants. The sov'
srnmsn. pays al OF tho expenses
Of the children. including food.
was there during the vacation
period, Thousands of the chill
dren had been taken to the eoun.
try BY their teachers en vacations,
Many Of the schools, hewever.
were full Of children, The teach'
ers are aimest all women, ameHs
them many former Americans and
English speaking people,
The government 10 In eemPiete
ceetvei Of all sources Of education,
During the resu az sci,eei period,
hsusa Rds Of these children OF kin;
dsrsarteH ass are called 70 a.
hs.p hsiass b.; IA teachers IN 81 g
assaiay, whs ssturn with thsp ~
ths sps,s'as, Pas streets Of Mos
COW taasp'nss aud evenings. -, i
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
Military IL Efficient

Undoubtedly, the most efficient
arm Of the government Is the
military. Grim necessity, the
Russian leaders assert, compelled
the government, for the time be.
ing at least, to concentrate on the
building up Of its army.
Trotzky stated. while / was in
Moscow, that they had 100000
trained and equipped soldiers. 1
visited many training camps. in
cluding the huge one for officers.
in the palace of the Kremlin.
While the production Of arms and
ammunitions goes on In Russia,
great stores have been captured
from invaders and counter-revolu-
tonists. In the government air
dromes at Smolensk. which ad-
Joins q training camp having a
capacity OF 5000 soldiers. ] saw
twenty.four army planes all in
fine condition, in charge Of
staff Of officers and mechanics.
The officer in charge said that all.
except two, had been captured
from the enemy. at different
fighting fronts. The same condi.
tions existed, proportionately, in
the other Russian army camps.
Automobiles. tanks. motor
trucks innumerable. came from
the same sources.
The stables of the car. larger
than Madison Square Garden. out.
side of the Kremlin wall. are now
an army garage. The barracks OF
the old Russian army throughout
the country are used by the new
army training schools. Many OF
the buildings are as fine and an
modern as Fort Myer, outside Of
Washington: and the military
camps. even in the outlying dis
tricts, in tents and equipment,
look much the same as ours.
Russian officials point to the
army as the great outstanding ac-
complishment Of their govern.
ment.
Next to the army. the Soviet
Republic has applied more inge.
nuity and energy to the field Of
education than any other.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
How Conuicts SerUs

In cases of working men con
victed Of minor infractions of the
law. and who have dependents.
II 10 . common practice to allow
them to serve their sentences on
a sort of an installment plan,
one week In pr rison and the next
in the factory or workshop. at
their ordinary avocation. until the
sentence is fully served.
Bail is taken in money pledges
Of personal property or upon the
personal pledge of two fellow
members of the defendants union.
Every worker. mechanic. laborer
or professional in the cities be-
longs to some union.
The personal form Of bail seems
to be favored by the courts. One
of the most Intelligent Judges
with whom I talked. An educated
lawyer Of the old regime. do.
clared. that of the hundreds Of
Tllbuctnc@nautb Wuo Catuo V~Aotv
him, mono had forfeited a personal
bond. The same Judge. now an
out-and-out Soviet. also frankly
admitted that the law was still
being administered In the spirit
Of the revolution" and that \
worker or peasant had . much
better chance In court than q
"higher up"
The peoples courts are. a. a
rule. hold In small rooms. plainly
furnished that look like a small
town mag strate's court any place
In America,
The courts Of cessation and APP
peal occupy rooms In the old
court houses of the former gov
ernment in Moscow, and are mere
deliberately equipped than some
of our higher courts.
The government seems to havr
failed, as vet, to work cut aay
logical and definite system Of tax,
alton. Peasants pay taxes In the
The Washington times., 1922-11-26

the government seriously at
tackled the waterway problem.
and at least In the interior Of
Russia. there is little evidence
Of accomplishment as yet.
A poorer system Of roads and
highways than that existing in
Russia 10 hardly conceivable.
The country apparently has
never had q national system.
Local efforts at road building
are likewise feeble. There are
few paved or improved highways
In Russia. Armies Of men and
women have been put to work
on the roads by the govern
ment. but this whole develop.
ment. 30 necessary to the life Of
a country, 10 more backward
than In any country which I
have seen.
One Of the boidest adventures
Of the Soviet government was
the complete wiping out. root
and branch. Of the judicial sys-
tenn Of the old order. To the
revolutionists. In control Of the
new government. It was 80
hateful that reforming 1t was
unthinkable. There IN no Judge.
not Q line Of judicial decision
nor q rule Of court procedure
taken from the pre-revolutionary
judicial system.
The sources Of judicial power
are derived from the constitution
Of the Russian Socialist Federated
Soviet Republic. New courts have
been established for its interpreta.
ton, as well as for that Of the acts
Of the lawmalting bodies-the All
Russian Soviet Congress and the
All Russian Central Executive
Committee. The latter body sits
in the Kremiin Palace as Moscow
Just a. our Congress does at Wash.
ington.
The courts. aud their procedure,
are largely modelled after those Of
0efcaany and France.
TkI peoples courts combine the
The Washington times., 1922-11-26


of tho real estate, a. In our coun.
try.
improvements are not taxable
and can be removed or sold by
the owner. No land whatever
can be held out Of use for spscu.
ative purposes. Since the ad.
vent Of the New Economic
Policy" land IL granted by the
government to individuals and
corporations for e1ploitat on by
hired labor. but the conditions Of
labor are under strict regulation
by the government. and here. too.
a failure upon the part Of the
grantee to use the land auto
matically works . rsversion to
the government.
The railroads and waterways
are In . deplorable condition.
They have never been adequate
to the needs of the country.
During the great war, and before
the revolution, they had reached
the point Of Generalization.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
By FRANK P. WALSH.

A fierce blockade was thrown
around it-a veritable band OF
steel-wh ch isolated II from the
blance of the world. But IN the
face Of all of this, the Wrangles,
Denikens, Yudenevitches and
others who led military move
ments, backed by illimitable re-
source in men and money. were
repulsed by this overnight" gov
ernment.
Notwithstanding the mighty ef-
forts to destroy, including an al
Most successful attempt at his
assassination. Lenin today sits at
his desk, a. chairman Of its COM
mittee Of commissars. the head
of the Soviet government. known
as the premier Of Russia. having
ruled longer than any revolution
ary leader except Cromwell.
All of the governments Of the
world, save ours, either by for
NAL recognition. trade agreements.
~ comforting with It's minis
ters and plenipotentiaries. have
acknowledged Its authority to
speak for the people Of Russia.
80, with the remnant Of the
hast white Army" in flight from
vladivostok. with their japanese
allies, It may be interesting to
consider some Of the things which
this five-year-old government has
6one and failed to do.
II It is attempted to create .
sommunistic social structure on
the ruins Of the old government.
IN this II failed.
The Agrarian question, since
1861, has overshadowed all others.
II was the fundamental root cause
Of all past liberal movements and
revolutions.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
Women Real Woyksrs

The roadbed and equipment Of
the larger trunk lines are IN
fair condition. Passengers can
travel from the border countries
to Moscow, Petrograd. Kiev.
Odessa. and Nizhny Navorgorod
in comparative comfort. Section
hands. women tossing ties, tamp-
Ing and spiking rails with men,
swarm the roadbeds Of the big
railroads.
Every railroad center has side
tracks filled with reconstructed
locomotives, box cars and passen.
ger coaches. with hundreds under
going repairs and construction.
But the towns sand cities off
the main lines, even those as
large a. Smolensk. which have to
depend upon subsidiaries or
branch lines. are cut of from
the balance Of the country.
noadpeos mere are dilapidated,
the locomotives old ana worn ana
the equipment generally poor.
Efforts to reconstruct the rail-
roads are evident everywhere. but
1t looks q monumental task. and
the Industrial and agricultural
activities Of Russia can never
even approximate efficiency with
out the rehabilitation Of the old
and building OF many new roads.
Transportation by water was
practically annihilated during the
war and the revolutions which
followed. Water craft, many ~
large ~ ocean steamers. are
lying In the harbors along the
volga river. and other great
waterways. In every stage Of
decay.
Not until this past summss has
The Washington times., 1922-11-26

when I was there. were full Of long
lines Of little children going to and
fro, accompanied by their teachers.
1t is a common sight In the parks
Of Moscow to see classes Of hun
dreds Of children practicing Gales
themes under the care Of teachers.
At one of the schools in the out.
skirts of Moscow I met a former
premier dansuese Of the Metropoii.
tan Grand Opera Company OF New
York acting as physical director Of
a school containing a thousand
pupils.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
Sweet Pea a Vegetable
Decides British Court
ny Universal Service.

ny universal befvtce.
LONDON. Nov. sS.
THE EPSON magistrates have
pronounced the sweet pa 10
be . vegetable. l..
The verdict, which 10 even
moro staggering than tho Vic.
torian por,er's on the tortoise
"Cats Ia cats, and dawys IN
dawgs. but this ere tortoise 10 .
hinsect"--conciuded case in
which Harry darrard, . brick.
layer, was summoned for steal.
ing q certain vegetable produc
tien. te.wit, sweet peas, valued
AZ o., the property of Hsory
Themss Wins, a local postmss."
A sum m ems was brought
against usrrard last week for
theft from Wings allotment, hut
u was dismissed, the magistrates
deciding that to Ptct a flower
without renewing the plant was
ret theft In eemmsR Law, A new
summons was then issued under
the larceny act, which made II
an os.snse to steal any vegetable
crer Ss IN \ Sar'icn
Il .p- n II ,rnt ih5 masis
'iates eec!l,d that tho sweet pea
;,siengs =" III vegetable kingdom.
saN 0arl.ra wa> fined 81.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
SCHOOLS RANK NEXT 4.
TO MILITARY I'm PLAN
: WORKEDOUTBYLENIN

Government Controls ALI Sources of Educa-
tion-Teachers Call Children in Morning,
and More Than $500 Libraries Have Been
Established Since Car Was OVerthrOwn---
Young People Appear Healthy and Alert.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26
g By New York Americas

A STREET market in
"A Moscow. These open
air sales places extend for
miles. The expression Of the
woman seated denotes that
she has seen much better
days.
lawyers. who was Of the old
school, for his prelixity as we'll
as his resort to our time-honored
technicalities. The presiding
Judge. wearing a cotton tunic.
every few moments interJected
the Russian remarks for You're
too long.winded." That's old
stuff" and the like. Neverthe-
less and Notwithstanding,
seemed to preceive the hand and
brain OF our ancient profession.
slowly. but surely. working to.
ward dominance in its accustomed
haunts.
The highest penalty for crime
which can be inflicted in these
courts is ten.year prison sentence.
There is no Limitation Of jurisdic-
ton in civil causes.
Indeterminate sentences are pro-
vided with an elaborate proba-
tionary and parole plan with Of
ficers charged with carrying 1t
into effect.
The Washington times., 1922-11-26

OAD NE\844v4E w III GD
OUT BY REVOLUTION
BolsheviSt 0verturn of 1917 Brought Violent
Antagonistic Reaction i'm Allied Countries.
Denounced Abroad and at Home as Usurping
Government, Id Has Had Much to Overcome,
But Now Id Appears to be Secure.
~ HIS is the fourth and last of series of articles
Russia By Frank Walsh, fresh from vist to that
country, in uhich he made thorough study Of con-
doms As the first American Iaoyer to study labor ana
economic conditions in all parts of Europe, Mr. Walsh
Is especially aUe qualified to discuss them from inter-
national vieDpoint. Mr. Walsh joint chairman a0h
former President Taft of the War Labor Conference
Board.
By FRANK p. WALSH
by Kins
w YfEN the Romanoffs were hurled from power in the
w early spring of 1917 not only Russia but the whole
world, seemed to breathe fervent amen. An age
old autocracy butressed by all the embemens of tyranny
seemed to away, with scarcely boom of the big
guns which had blown revolutionary movements back
70 the reign of Catherine the Great
The great governments of the world including
gave prompt and willing recognition to the new govern
ment The press of the world, diplomats publcsts the
Individual the street vocerous sanction to the
passing the Carst regime and welcomed the Kerensky
government place under the banners Of democracy
On the morning Of October 25 1917, the Bolshevss with
little material opposition the revoutionists encount
cred eight BEFORE seized control Of the government
Soviet Republic conceived and born in spirit OF
violent hostility.
1t was denounced home a usurping government It
condemned and opposed in armed violence by the old
conservatives the social revoutionss and anarchists In
their groups and in combination with each other.
The initial which put it in power seemed but
disordery riot. The moral forces of the world
against public opinion, st home and abroad denounced
It, Practically every civilized declared
outlaw Repeated revolutions assaled in Russia
Almost country earth contributed vast treasure
and thousands of soldiers in efforts to wreck it.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
SPEARS DISAPPOINTED
WITH w. VA. LlNEMEN

Assisted by R, H. C. Kay, line
coach, the chief of the West Virginia
University football coaching staff,
DR. c. w. Spears is working with
candidates for tackle posts on the
Mountaineer eleven behind closed
gates on the athletic field at Morgan
town. Every afternoon at 4.3O
o'clock the field is cleared and DR..
Spears takes his men into "execu-
tive session" OF course, greater
part of the time is spent in drilling
the men in new plays and formations,
hut DR.. Spears has not lost sight of
the fact that the work of the tack
les in last Saturdays game at Jack
sons Mills was very discouraging.
Consequently he spends another large
portion Of his time in correcting
their faults and teaching them how
to do the right thing at the right
lime all the time" as he put it to a
group OF tackles.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
THEATRE LOBBY
COLLAPSES-ONE
KILLED: so HURT
(By international News service)

tSy international news Servics)
Pittsburgh, Pa, Sept. 23-Al-
though investigation into the cause
Of the collapse of the lobby of the
New Strand theatre here yester-
day which caused the death of one
child and injury TO more than fifty
others, four OF them seriously, is
not yet completed.
rot yet completed Inspector Coch-
rane said today that faulty con-
struction appeared to have caused
the disaster. A block of cement
fifteen feet square and six inches
thick, weighing more than two
tons, supported by wood props,
collapsed and fell twelve feet into
a basement below carrying with it
more than sixty children who had
gathered for free performance at
the theatre. The wood supports
were found 10 be rotten and brown
with age
Free Show For Riddles
Sol Selznick, owner of the the
atre, was standing in the lobby
distributing free tickets when the
supports gave way and was precip-
itated into the cellar with the other
victims, all children. Selznick was
painfully injured He claims the
building was inspected by city
building inspectors less than six
months ago.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
VANCLEvESVILLE.

Vanclevesville, Sept % Mr.
and mrs. George Needy and daugh-
tiers, LaRue and Evelyne, were Wis
itors Sunday at the home of Mr..
Charles Chapman.
Miss Margaret Fulk spent the
week end in Martinsburg. the guest
OF Miss Julia Miller
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Stotlemyer,
and son, Clifford. Of Pikeside, were
visitors Sunday at the home of
Mrs. Ben Triggs.
Mrs. Miller, of Pittsburgh, has
returned to her home after a
weeks visit at the home of her
sister-in-law, Mrs. Robert Myers.
Mr.. J. f. Sutton and family were
visitors Sunday at the home of
Mrs. Venting near Swan Pond.
Mrs. Feltner Is sick at this writ
ing. at the home of her daughter
Mrs. e. E. Miller Her many
friends hope for speedy recovery.
Mrs. Charles Chapman and Mrs.
Roberts spent Friday at the home
of the formers daughter, Mrs.
Charles Chapman.
Mr. Albert Bahler has returned
to our village after a visit to his
home in Virginia. Mr. Bahler is
employed by Mr.. Maurice MARBLE
in the carpenter trade.
Mrs. John Bell and family We're
visitors at the home of Mrs. John
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
KIWANIS SPEAKER IS
BUSINESS AUTHORITY
CoIvin Browns Visit Tuesday
To Be important.

Martlnsburg business men are
looking forward with keen interest
to the visit in this city on Tuesday,
September twenty-sixth. of Colvin B.
Brown. head of the Organization
Service Bureau of the Chamber Of
Commerce of the United States.
who comes to address meeting
sponsored by the Martinsburg XII
wants Club. Mr.. Brown, who is an
authority on the subject of CONNER
cial organization work will take up
the subject of local organization
problems
The Chamber of Commerce of the
| United States with headquarters at
Washington is federation of more
than 1,400 business and industrial
organizations. AS head of the Or
ganization Service Bureau, Mr.
Brown is an expert on organization
methods and activities. His efforts
during the past five years have been
directed toward assisting CONNER
cial bodies in Strengthening their
organizations and in furthering eff
forts looking to the Indignation of
| business.
The Organization Service Bureau
| is the repository of complete data
with respect to organizations meth
DDS. This information is distributed
| by the Bureau through letters and
the spoken word, to commercial or
CARNATIONS.
| Years spent in studying the sub
ject have qualified Mr., Brown to
render expert advice with respect
to activities that can successfully
be undertaken, and those that should
be avoided by BUSINESS bodies.
In his visits to local chambers MIR.
Brown usually confers first with the
Chambers Board of Directors, and
then talks with the membership, At
these conferences and meetings the
program adheres to subjects having
to do with the local Chambers prob
lens. and with its relationship to
community betterment. Much of Mr..
Browns time is taken up with ans
wering questions on organization
structure, activities and procedure.
During the last five years Mr..
Brown has visited hundreds of or
CARNATIONS IN the various states.
His subject here will be "The Value
to the Nation of Well Organized and
Well Directed Effort for Commun-
lily Betterment."
Mr.. Brown is known as an author
of works on commercial organiza-
ton. His publication, Building and
Maintaining Local Chamber of
Commerce" has been widely cir
culated. This work is principally for
the community which has no COM
mercial organization and is endeav-
oring to establish one. 1t is of value,
however, to communities seeking to
reorganize their chambers, and to
those desiring to study the most ap-
proved methods in organization
structure.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
EXPECT 1000 AT
" ", Y, U, This YEAR
Early Registration Forecasts
"a ncr Enrolment.

MorsantoWn, Sept 23-With en-
rollment of practically 1900 the
first week Of the fall semester. West
Virginia University expects to have
1000 students by the end of the
semester, OF an increased attend
ance of several hundred over the
largest previous enrolment On
this basis the years enrolment will
exceed 5000 as compared with 2,672
last year
This number is even greater than
has been expected. While an in
creased attendance had been antici-
pated. unsettled business conditions
and other reasons has been consid-
cred reasons for keeping back a
rush of students. However, if such
things kept any students away, no
proof has been found of that fact
The first three days Of the week
were devoted entirely to enrolment,
but classes were started Thursday
and Friday. However, little real
work could be done and outside Of
meeting classes and assigning work,
the professors have devoted most
of their time to helping out in regis
tration and in getting courses OF
study satisfactorily arranged for
students.
The fraternities and sororities
have been working overtime in Sc
lecting their pick of the new stu
dents. Lists of pledges have al
ready been given out by a number
of the Greek letter groups but the
pledging is not yet completed.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23

King last week.
Misses Elnore Foreman and An
ME Masters were visitors at the
home of Mrs. Ben Trigss one day
last week.
Mrs Charles Hosier who has
been Ill at her home is improving
at this writing.
Mrs. Albert Ramsburg, Mrs.
Rose McWilliams and Mrs. Maur-
ice MARBLE were visitors at the
home Of Mrs. Casper Miller. of
Martinsburg.
Mrs. Francis Miller is erecting a
new barn.
Miss Nary Fulk and Miss Virgin
In Wilmington We're callers at the
home of Mrs. Ben Triggs.
Mrs. Ben Triggs and Grandson
Marvin and daughters, May and
Irene Triggs, were shoppers in
your city one day this week.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
A. o. U. w. IN WHEELING NEXT

Fairmont, Sept. 21.-The next
biennial convention of the West
Virginia Grand Lodge of the Anci-
ent Order of United Workmen will
be held in Wheeling in 1924. At
the session held here yesterday
the following officers were elected;
W. B. Tucker, of Wheeling, re
elected grand master workman;
w. E. Hines, of Sutton, grand fore
man; j. c. Linthicum, of Romney,
grand overseer; A. r. Fleming, of
Wheeling, grand recorder; w. Fl.
Higgins, of Wheeling, grand treas
urer; c. E. Schultz. of Wheeling,
grand guide; George l., Bambrick,
of New Cumberland, grand inside
Waterman; j. NJ Williams, Of
Moundsville, grand outside watch
man; A. J. Noome, of Wheeling,
grand medical examiner; w. B.
Tucker, A. R. Fleming, and Frank
Cruise, of Wheeling, representa-
tives to the supreme lodge.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
PEACE CELEBRATION.

The return of about 700 striking
shopcraft men, who left their posts
at Brunswick July /, was celebra-
ted in that town Thursday with a
parade followed by addresses at
the town park and festivities, In
Guiding a dance which lasted until
midnight William A. Beatty. on
horseback, was chief marshal and
Mayor Edward C. Shafer, number
Of school children and representa-
tives of civic and railroad organi-
cations we're in line.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
HURT BY FALL,
WOMAN SUCCUMRS

Mrs. Ella Shaffer, estranged wife
of B. w, Shaffer, died in Cumber-
land from the effects of a fall sus-
tanned at the home of Ira J. Man
ges, near lockwood, where she was
visiting when she fell down steps
and hit the cement pavement. She
was helping Mrs, Manages prepare
dinner when she fell. She is sur
vived by three children.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1922-09-23
1ot FOR CARPENTER.

(By International News Servicel
Paris, Sept, 23.-Odds of ten to
one are being offered that Georges
Carpenter will defeat Sikh, the
Senegales fighter in their battle IN
the New Buffalo stadium Sunday
afternoon. Even at that price very