davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
Jealous Lover Almost
Enacts Dual Tragedy
In Elizabeth St. Store

The man managed to take aim and
attempted TO pull the trigger. However,
he had forgotten apparently to release
the safety device, and the pistol failed
to fire. As he aimed at the girl she
dropped to the floor and rolled under the
shelter of the counter.
The man by this time had released the
safety catch, and is said to have aimed
the pistol at himself when one of the
proprictors of the establishment who
had slipped up from behind. caught his
arms and pinioned them behind the
mans back. He was disarmed, and
tainted He recovered few moments
later. however.
The man explained to bystanders that
the girl had promised TO marry him, but
now refused to do so and he had decided
10 end the whole matter.
a complaint charging assault with In
tent to murder was filed against Burt
Dodls today in connection with the al
legged attempted shooting Dodds is at
present confined in the Cameron coun-
ty Jail.
Dodd is about fifty years Of age and
is telegrapher by occupation.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04

supposedly jealous lovers neglect
to release the safetycatch of his pistol
probably saved the life of an lsyear Old
girl, and quick work on the part of by
ISLANDERS prevented the apparent attempt
of the man to do away with himself IN
an Elizabeth street business establish
ment shortly after 3 o'clock Monday
afternoon.
The man, an American, about so years
old, was arrested and placed in the
county Jail by Policeman II. Schildt. He
will be examined later.
According TO employees in the place,
the man entered the store and asked for
the young lady. When she came to him
in response, he asked her, according to
her statement, if she intended to marry
him as she had promised.
The girl said she replied: No"
The man is then said by witnesses,
who were paying only casual attention
to the little scene at the time, to have
drawn an automatic pistol from his pock-
ct, declaring that he was going to kill
her. The girl ran towards the back of
the store and attempted TO hide behind
one of the men in the place.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
URGES that HE
PREPARE TO Die
Judge Suggests Spiritual Pre-
paration for Kentuckian
Convicted Of Murder

LOUISVILLE, Ky, April At
is unnecessary for me to urge that
if you are not now in a spiritual
condition, that you take steps to i'm
prove your condition, so you can
face eternity and judgment with
the belief and conviction that you
will meet with mercy and pardon
in the hereafter. | trust in your fu-
ture life you will meet with mercy
from the Ruler of the Universe, the
God of Us ALL Thus did Circuit
Judge A. Burgevan admonish Frank
NJ thomas, aged farmer and form
er politician, when he sentenced
him to be electrocuted in the Eddy
vile prison on April 2S for the muir
der of Lee J. Arbegust, November
26th.
Thomas has killed three men dur
ing his life, and served two years in
prison for one Of the slayings, ac-
cording to police records Thirteen
years ago he killed John Gregg, a
negro, but was acquitted. Five years
ago he was sentenced to two years
Imprisonment for killing K. ii. Pow
ell, chief of the jefferson county
police, but was pardoned by Gov.
A. o. Stanley before he was taken
to prison.
Arberust. the last victim of Thomas
gun. was instrumental in obtaining the
pardon for the Powell killing. They ap-
rarcnty were firm friends and in the
campaign lest fall Arbegust was can.
ddate for magistrate and Thomas was
one of his chief leutcnants.
The only reason Thomas ever would
give for the Staying was that Arbegusi
had done him an injustice in the settling
of an estate. Thomas thought he should
have been made administrator, but that
position fell to Arbcgust.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
Fl. RINGGOLD REMAINS POST,
GENERAL HARBORD DECLARES

RIO GRANDE CITY. Tex. April A.
The question raised by reports that
Fort Ringgold would be abandoned
has been taken up with the secretary
of war and the general staff, accord
ing tn reply to the citizens commit
tee from Congressman John y. Gar
ner. The committee pctitioned Mr..
Garner to investigate the reports An
answer to Congressman Gamers in
quiry received from Major General
Harboard. said apparently there was
no foundation for the rumor at this
time. General Harboard's letter read
in part:
~ am at a loss to know where our
friends in Rio Grande have gotten the
idea that there was any intention Of
abandoning Fort Ringgold. So far as
] know. there is no plan to make any
reduction at the present time Of the
troops in the immed ate vicinity Of
the Mexican border. and particularly
no intention to vacatc Fort Ringgoid.
There is now there the Second squad
troop. which is at McAllen. and. to the
best Of nv information. there II no in
tention Of moving it,"
Fort Ringgold has been considered
permanent post. IL was rehnblli-
tated in 1917. after having been aban-
doned ten years. II Is owned by the
government.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
HALF inch OF RAIN
AND HIGH WINDS in
CITY DURING NIGHT

Forty-six hundredths of an inch
Of rain fell In Brownsville last night,
the first shower coming down about
10 o'clock. This was followed by
high winds. which attained a velocity
of twenty-five miles an hour, and
further rain about IL 80, and still
another heavy shower about 6 o'clock
this morning.
Indications are that the rain was
local and between Brownsville and
the coast. A fairly heavy rain fell
in West Brownsville, but beyond
there and in the vicinity of the
Country Club there was only a light
shower. Only light shower fell in
San Benito.
There was also heavy rainfall
in Matamoros about IL o'clock last
night.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
FURTHER DISCUSSION OF
LEWIS PLAN UP TODAY

WASHINGTON, II. c., April e.
Further discussion of his suggestion thar
the government assume the burden Of
readjustment in the biiuminous coal in
dustry as the only means Of correcting
conditions underlying the present strike
was In prospect today when President
Lewis of the mine workers resumed his
statement before the house laho- conf
mfttee.
The miners demands for a six hour
day and five day week, the issues in
the national coal strike. were described
! Y Lewis a. largely move to f"rce reg
nlarity Of employment. Representative
Black Of Texas calculated that If the
five day six hour demand is granted the
rlL K would pay S22I ."00,sa atlitIanal
for the same amount Of coal they are
now getting each year. Lewis called
the figures absurb-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
Side Lights on
.SOSCdmpaign


Edelstcin's today turned in 10 5. %. ;.
Headquarters a check for SIS from
Thomas Z. Cook 4 Son. stove jobbers of
Dallas. The contribution came in re-
sponse to letter sent out BY the local
firm.
: Mrs. Hilton brought in 50 today, the
receipts from a bake sale she held at
the Piggly Wiggly on last Saturday
A check for $40 was received today
from the San Juan Nursery < Develop
ment Company.
The Incarnate Word Academy today
sent Sf0.l0. making that school 100 per
cent In the campaign, and which also
marks the 100 per cent standing of all
the schools in Brownsville. each Of which
is now represented in the fund. The
academy's contribution was brought in
by Misses DaIzell and Haley, pupils.
Miss Haley made a talk to ID. a. O'Brien
in turning over the fund, expressing the
great interest OF the school in the mat
ter Of seeing the harbor opened, the
schools confidence in Mr.. O'Brien. and
the wish that they had been able to do
more.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
LEARNERS AND MUSIC
CLUB IN CHARGE SOS.
AFFAIR AT DITTMANN'S

A program which will include n $50
ciety auction" being given under the di-
rection Of the Brownsville Music Club.
and movie and special numbers under
tie direction Of the Learners Club, will
be the feature Of the :. q. :. campaign
today.
The program will be given at the Ditt-
mann Thcater beginning 1T S:1J O'Clock
The moving picture number viii be Frit
ri brunette in "A Wifc's Awakening"
while the special numbers Of which there
will be- at least two. will b. composed
Il vocal solos. William =. West will be
The auctioneer Of the occasion. and Mrs.
John Gregg. chairman Of the Society
Auction event has promised several
surprises and considerable amount az
frn
Tickets are being sold at - cents each
and the sales are being pushed today by
members Of the two organizations.
The =. q. =. concert given in the Tea
tro Reforma in MatamoroS last night
was greatly enjoyed by al though the
big theatre was not more than half
full. Numerous people from Browns
Vile motored over 20 enjoy the music
and boost the cause
The Mexican military band of 20
pieces that is now 50 popular in Mata-
moros PLAYED several pleasing selections
outside of the theatre. and then play
cd ''Companoni" ~ a prelude that held
the audience spell bound in its many
phases. During the intermission the
land played II medley. opening with a
few strains of the National HYMN VI
Mexico" followed Ivy such airs as
"Adelita.' LAS Mananitas." Yankee
Doodle Dixie la Golondrina. <o-
bre Las 0las" and concluding with the
American national anthem. THE Star
Spangled Banner" Everyone thorough
~ enjoyed the fine tecnique of the band
which ranks as one Of the best in Mex
leo CIty and only on temporary visit
Continued on Page Three
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04

Proposals for substantial reductions,
ranging from % to rs per cent. in the
differentfals on inbound traffic into
Brownsville and the Valley were sub
mitted by j. A. Brown, general freight
agent for the Gulf Coast Lines, in tcs-
timony before Examiner Mackley in the
Interstate Commerce Commission hear
ing at the federal court room today. The
case is that of the Rio Grande Valley
Chamber of Commerce versus the Gulf
Coast Lines, ct al.
The same proposals were offered as
10 traffic south of Matamoros, Mexico.
both Of which offers, il was set forth
by Mr.. Brown, would place Brownsville
on an equal basis with Laredo, except
that in some cases the Brownsville local
rate would be lower that that at Laredo.
In others where the revisions are down
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
TWO PER CENT MORE OF
TRAFFIC MOVED In 1918
THAN '19, SAYS WILLARD

WASHINGTON, ID. c., April a.
Figures showing that the railroads of
the country moved only two per cent
more traffic in 1918 than in 1917,
were cited by Daniel Willard, presi-
dent Of the Baltimore a. Ohio rail
road, before the senate interstate
commerce committee today TO refuta
the recent testimony of William G.
McAdoo, former director general of
railroads, to the effect that the roads
had broken down before being placed
under government control.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
CULLEN r. THOMAS
OPPOSES KU KLUX

DALLAS. Tex. April l.--Thr Ka
Klux klan must either rrfurn itsslf
or he destroyed. Cullen Wy. ThonnMA-
candidate for the United States s~n-
ate declared I'm n stAtenrnt Taes-
day Thomas said re made the srAts-
ment in response to the general seR-
timent throughout the state that ev-
cry candidate should hive hi. Attl.
tude on the klan.
He declared against al masked
organizations. and said.
There n no room in the rrpuAlie
for any sore ~ government. vtzihls
or invisible. inside ~ outside ths
government. whose breath - the hsIL
of rights"
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
DISMISSALS CONTAIN
NO REFLECTION, SAYS
SECRETARY CHRISTIAN
NV The Associated pre.sl

WASHINGTON, ID. C.. April 4. - The
recent dismissal of upwards of thirty
officials of the Bureau of Engraving and
Printing by President Harding involved
no desire to reflect upon the character
of any government empioyc." Secretary
eGorge B. Christian said today.
In letter to John Deyinv. one Of the
dismissed executives. Christian declared
that the president regretted the -in-
sinuating publicity" that had attended
the dismissal order and indicated that
a statement broadly covering the whole
incident might be made later at the
White House.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
WORK ON PARK AT
RAILWAY STATION
STARTS TOMORROW

Following a conference today between
W. J. Doyle, industrial commissioners for
the Gulf Coast Lines, and Mrs. Ralph
A. Warden, president of the Brownsville
Civic League. il was announced that the
work Of improving the park at the rail-
road passenger station preparatory 10
turning it over to the league, will start
Wednesday morning. The railroad pro-
poses TO place the park in first class
shape. 10 do away with fences and bill
boards and TO make il otherwise as at
tractive as possible. The league has
undertaken to take care of it for a
period OF two years.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
CALLS UPON
GOV. NEFF FOR FACTS

DALLAS, Tex, April 4.-Mayor
Aldredge of Dallas today asked Gov
ernor Neff to lay before the Dallas
county grand jury any facts the
governor may have about alleged
lawless conditions in Dallas
The request was made in reply 10 a
Communication from the governor in
which he intimated that In his opinion
the law enforcement machinery in Dallas
reeied overhauling. The mayor declar-
ed that the governors statements east
n serious reflection on the city and coun-
~.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
TEXAS MILLS READY TO
MEET THE WEIGHT LAW
(Ry The Associated Prcssl

AUSTIN. Texas. April l-Reprcseu-
tatives of twenty mills in Texas yesier-
day advised the commissioner of mar
kets and warehouses. Charles Raugh-
man. that the mills will comply implicit
" with the state weights and measures
laws and will cooperate with the de-
partment to enforce the law. There
are indictments against fiftyfou Texas
milers for short weights, it is announ-
Sed.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
FRIENDS OF THOMAS
WILL ORGANIZE FOR
CAMPAIGN in COUNTY

Announcement was made today
that Cameron county friends Of
Cullen F. Thomas, candidate for the
United States senate, will meet at
the Chamber Of Commerce at
O'Clock Wednesday for the purpose
of organizing Thomas club in the
county, in the interest of the Dallas
mans candidacy. 1t il announced
that every friend of Mr. Thomas is
invited to attend the meeting.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
CBy The Associated Press).

PITTSBURG, Pa. April The first
disorders in the Western Pennsylvania
coal strike district We're reported from
Fayette and Washington counties today
where the authorities stated high ten
sion electric wires carrying current 70
the coal mines had been cut. A detach-
ment Of state police was called out to
dispersc the crowd endcavoring 10 induce
the non-union men to leave work.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
JOINT HEARING ON
MERCHANT MARINE
MEASURE Is BEGUN

WASHINGTON. ~. e.. ARFh o.
Joint congressional hearinEz am fh~ -
ministraIion merchant mAFtn~ hail wsrs
begun totlny. Erisulli iau IrAsl~rw are
confident the house wanlI h~ mhl~ ta
arf "n the MEASURE h~f~yr th- vhnm~ nf
the present srssinn- hmt we're aAnaahaflaa
whether flr senate waah find thm timm
g. dispose ~ Il until afier IA rrs~arrm-
90 la D,srrmlaer.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
DENNIsON NOT SD SURE

nENISoN. Texas. Anril frF~am4
wha yesterday declared they w~F~ RmMh-
tive they Feeegnixed ihe IA hinR kiama-
man whose mask uas tern fFsa - rsr@
bv w y. Smith deacon w ghr Farnx
raptist church When thr Aa~krd and
rnhrd Hsen visited the rhurrh Sunmar
night. 'uhay arr nsF NHrr thwF tm~@ whn
he Was In waK at first stated NV per-
sous ~ho saw the affair that rA~y re-
eagnized the unmmsk#i mimn mm "a nrw-
minrnt Denison BUSINESS man.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
M'MAHON DIES

BELFAST, ireland. April Bcrnard
McNIabon. eldest son IF Owen McAIahon
head Of the Belfast Catholic family Of
seven members which was shot on the
morning Of March ~ died today. Me
Mahon and four sons died the day Of
the shooting. The death Of Bernard
adds the sixth victim from this family.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
WEATHER FORECAST

Tonight and Wednesday, cloudy. prob
ably local rains, moderate to fresh var
liable winds
The following weather observations.
covering the 24-hour period ending at
n. m. today, are reported by Mrs. A. W.
Reed. United States voluntary. weather
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04

WICHITA FALLS, Texas. April A.
Mrs. Lucian W. Parrish of Henrietta.
will not be candidate to fill the. un-
expired term of her husband. congress-
man from this district, who died last
week, according TO a formal statement
issued last night by her father, DIR. A.
3. Edwards Of Henrietta.
The statement declared that after
several days consideration, Mrs. Par
rish decided that she did not desire to
make the race.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
CHICAGO MAN NAMED
FOR SECOND ASSISTANT

WASHINGTON. ID. G.. April 4. --
President Harding will send 10 the SEN
ate soon the nomination Of Paul Hender-
son Of Chicago 10 be second assistant
postmaster general, il was learned def
initely today.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
CARTER AFFTnAvTr RECEIVED

AUSTIN Tef Anrh 4Am ar
davit ~ Willie Garter rerthlinfinE Aim
staf~r~uf ~ ssriieB Frs-vnrlx sKanernf-
ING George oiInrsby W. tbs murA~r ~
I ~ M-rrh-rbv. fpr whirb IIpFn.hy wv
~ nfrns~d a. hang en April "a, was F~-
criv~d vs. tseV~rm~r N~ff tadny HImrna-
hy is now in the Travis cummrv lull -n
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
TWO DEAD in ROAD
HOUSE PISTOL FIGHT
NEAR San ANTONIO
(By The Associated Press)

SAN ANTONIO. Texas. April 4. 80 Two
persons were killed and third seriously
wounded in a pistol battle at Frio City
last night. The dead are Miss Maria
favia, Is. and Jesus Pacheco. 81. Of
Schertz Texas. The wounded is Sever
iano Aguilar. .. Rouehhouse tactics MI
the Frio Inn, detectives. declare, pre-
cipitated the fight. Fourteen are held
By the police pending investigation.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
MISS BLANTON OUT FOR
PARRISH TERM, SHE SAYS

AUSTIN, Teaxs. April 4. - Miss Annie
Webb Blanton. state superintendent of
education said today, she will be can
didate for congress TO fill out the un-
expired term OF the late Lucian w. Par
rish. She will also be a candidate for
the next regular term from that dis
trict.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04

OKLAHOMA CITY. April l- Lhwmh-
enant -C Coionei Paul Va. Hpch. ruHAmmm@-
ant Of Post Field. Port S4li. Dale. wma
shot 20 death herr rarly tuAAy in tAm
residence Of JrAn N. naH. w4daiy knoMa
oil operator
Day ~as hrld NJ his homhr im ths emn-
tody 81 > deputy Sheriff PamdinT am
investigation According to ~ alKt2m3mk
By r. ". Dick, - intimate Aeqaaintaaem
of the family. Day rctaFned - - Faa-
idenes after eseoFting honae aa@Asr
or guests hIs wif~ hk1 sntrrtAinea e
cards and founJ Mrs- Day ssru-xlsnx -
the arms WI the army gffirrF.
Justice NJ tie Peace Me w illlam baAd
an inquest PROBABLY wgula bn haia-
Upon his r~tarH hamr nArk aMA4 Day
pcerrd through u porch wind~w ana H&w
his wie iKhtihr err "a rw'rMaI fFwm thm
aviator's hold. He rushed uP stairs and
obtained a revolver. nark asserted. F~-
turning to the room whrFr thr eomwim
was still struggling. beck matr % muaaam
a IL 10 strike Day. eemtinn~a nteh-
Day struck him oveF thr hsaa sta thm
revolver, the gus eAFiodinE- Eeek fail
dead.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
Lewis CLAIMS
COAL WALKOUT
NOW COMPLETE
Declares 1t Is 100 Per Cent
Complete In Unionized
Districts

WASHINGTON, j. G.. April THE
miners strike in all union districts is
one hundred per cent effective. Pres
ident Lewis of the mine workers declar-
ed today after going over reports from
union leaders.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
Don't Waste Time

IL you know who hasn't time inclination
to read the ads know that she unconscouy wastes
great deal of time and money in doing her buying.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04

HoBOKEN, \. j.. April 4. - Fire to-
day broke out on the former transport
Magnolia at the dry dock. driving hun
dreds OF worknen ashore.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
FLOOD WARNING.
IS ISSUED TODAY.
In MANY AREAS.
Several Persons Reported as
Missing in Several Sec
tions Of North Texas
(By The Associated I.ress.)

DALLAS, Texas, April 4. Several
persons are reported missing and some
livestock was drowned in the Sabine
river near Greenville as the result of
heavy rains. Unconfirmed reports said
that two persons were drowned south
of Greenville. Adozen families were
forced to flee.
HOUSTON, Texas, April 4. - Flood
warnings for the Brazos and Trinity
rivers were issued by the local weather
bureau to farmers who were advised TO
move cattle to high ground.
DALLAS, Texas, April 4. = Overflow
and possibly near flood conditions in
the lowlands in northeast, eastern and
southern Texas were indicated by re-
ports reaching here today. Intermittent
rains continued.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04
COLONEL BECK, |
AIR OFFICER, !
shot TODEATH
Tragedy Occurs Early Today
In Home Of Oil Operator
at Oklahoma City y

OKLAHOMA CITY. April ~ Issn Y.
Day. former state suprvHe xsars Iustieu.
today was held uuasF s50ya sPs~arunr@
bond pending investigates NV soFem-
rr's jury into thg dsath of L4sutenRmts
C0loncl Paul WI Hrgk.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1922-04-04

Your orders Shipped Szm@ nay
As Received. rrirwa Right
ALAMO rEon wuHAs
SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-01

granite and marble monuments; hrightens
up me lettering and makes the whole nonu-
ment look clean and new. guaranteed prics
on appIication: James Sullivan. III Park
street barre. Vt lstf
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-01
County Highway Meetings.

The schedule of county highway
meetings for this year are as follows
Bennington county at Bennington, on
Monday, April g.; Rutland county at
Rutland, Tuesday, April 4; Addison
county at Middlebury, Wednesday,
April 5; Chittenden at Burlington,
Thursday, April 6, Grand Isle. North
Hero, Monday, kpril 10; Franklin
county at St. Adams, Tuesday, April
IL; Orleans county at Newport, on
Wednesday, April II; Caledonia eoun-
ty at st. Johnsbury, Thursday. April
10; Windham county at Brattleboro,
Monday April IL; Windsor county At
White River Junction, Tuesday, April
IS; Orange county at Chelsea, Wednes-
day, April 10; Washington county at
Montpelier, Saturday, April %; La
noble county at Hyde Park, Monday.
April "a; Essex county at Guildhall.
Saturday. April 20. These meetings
viii be attended by the road commits
sioners and selectmen as required by
statute and State Highway Commits
sioner I. w. Dix will attend all the
meetings. Town officers who have
charge of the expenditures and ac-
counting of road funds, highway pa
trolmen and others interested are in
yited to attend. Road problems, in
Guiding methods of building roads,
maintaining and financing highway
work will be discussed, also rules and