davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
OLD PARTIES.

Sioux Falls. 8. D., Nov. 23.-In an
official call issued here Wednesday for
q state Farmer-Labor convention here
Nov. %. the Republican and Demo-
cratic parties are held responsible for
the "intoierable economic conditions
that are making tenants Of our agr-
cultural population and bringing the
working classes to the verge Of in
dustrial slavery"
It further states that the object of
the meeting is to take independent
political action in South Dakota and
to elect delegates to the national
Farmer-Labor meeting to be held in
Chicago, Noy. %.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
SULPHUR SOOTA|Es
UGLY, ITCHING IN ] SKIN
The First Application Makes
Skin Cool and Comfort
.5s ), able 81

n YOU are sutrering from sczemRsor
snr,a oiner torturi4g, embarrassing
skin trouble YOU may quickly he. rldt
81 st ~ using Mentho7sulphtlrss2 de
ciares q noted skin specialist,
This sulphur preparation. bscalals
of its germ destroying propArttes,
seldom falls to quickly subdpe ttchtng,
Savsn Of fiery eczema, The firstf ap--
7Jn,ication makes the ~ cool and
scnrnfnyfabla. Rash Ard bl0tcheS sAte
healed r;slr up Koyyles Men
spnpr1s applied IKE mi plessant e ss
cansobtaiR q small Jar from ~ god
druggist. ss s@
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
WIIL DEIATE

Pekin, N. D., Nov. 23.-Resolved.
That Wheat Pooling ~ superior to the
.Cpnst3hmsnt Plan will beetthe SUBJ
teet Of II debate to be held here on,
peceipbersl under he%ausp.cssS ofs the
Bergen Farmers club.
M MeEnyers OF the Wheat roEerss as
Aociationa Of North Dakota have been
Given n Especial invitation 10 sAttend.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
TWO HELD AT BEsnDJI.

Bemidji, Mimi, Nov. 23.-TWo men
giving their names as "SlimI Pritch-
ard and James Marcus, are In the
,Reltrami county. Jail charged with
stealing two automobiles at Duluth
about Nov. 10.
One car, a large Cole touring car, is
said to belong to DR.. F. M. Turnbull
OF Duluth, and the owner Of the 9TH
err car, a large Buick touring car, 10
unknown.
The men were arrested ut Black
duck, and were brought to Bemidji
to await the arrival Of Duluth police
department representatives to take
them to Duluth, -
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
ENTITLED TO $4,000,

Bismarck, ND, Nov. 23.-1Jloseph,
Coghlan, supreme court reporter, is
entitled to a salary of So, 500 q year.
the supreme court decided I'm the APP
peal in behalf of the state auditing
board from Judge7suessle, the district
col being affirmed! The legislature
in 1919 fixed the salary at S2,5O0.
The general appropriation BILL Of 1921
CARRIED a So, 900 annual appropriation
for the salary. Judge Robinson dis
scented FROM tho decision and Judge
Grace did not. Darticipate.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
PROPOSE COOPERATIVE BANK.

Sioux Falls, S. D., Nov. 23.-Accord-
ing to information received here wed
nesday night, the National Farmers
Union in convention at L~ynchburg,
Va, Wednesday took the initial steps
for the creation of an agricultural CO.
operative tank in South Dakota.
It will probably be at Sioux Falls.
President H. c. Barrett of the Farm
ers' union, will make a trip to South
Dakota oon when plans for the or
ganization will be fully discussed, 1t
was announced.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
STEERS SHOW coon WEIGHT.

Rcd Lake Falls, AsAnris:. Nov. ga
VIVA. EchRper Of Lake Pleasant tpwn
last week sold, q Hcstedn yearlng
stssr. weighing i,700S pounds, TO Linz
nlhap Bros. This steel. was one OF five
who's total weight WAS lao lbs.
record Tor weight In this section OF
the country.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
NO. Y o FOR

Red Lake. Falls. Mimi, Nov. "a
Because OF the lack Of snow there
We're Yewer Red Lake county nimrods
to take. out big game hunting licenses
from County Auditor George Dupont
this year. Only 70 were issued this
year, and of this number of hunters
very few nave returned with a desr.!
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
COURT DATE SET.

Grafton, n. 2, Nov. 2S:-District
court with Judge w. j.. Kneeshaw
presiding. will convene here Deem
Nber /, the Judge having denied the
request of. attorneys for q poStpoue-
ment. N
A. complete list of jurors has been
secured.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
25~YEARS.

i Red Lake Falls, Mimi, Nov. "a
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Knott Of River
town celebrated their silver wedding
anniversary, at their home. Tuesday.
Many friends and relatives gathered
at their farm to help them celebrate.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
POsTPONED.

Hillsboro, n. D., Nov. H-PreliInt-F
nary hearing for Lawrence A. Petsr-
son. held at the Trail county. tail on
a charge OF having attempted to burn
the home Of former Governor p. x.
Earles, scheduled to be held Wednes-
day, hasAbeen postponed, officials be.
ing buss& with the present session Of
district court.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23

Pittsburg, Kas., Nov, 23.-B. F.
Strauss was arrested here~ several
days ago on a charge of cashing boz
gus travellers checks obtained from a
bank at Wolford, n. D., which was
robbed OF several thousand dollars in
cash, bonds and traye!ers checks.
Nov, /.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-11-23
ALLEGED YECC
HELD FOR TRIAL
Bank Robber Suspect Taken.
From N. D.. Officers BY
Minnesota Men.

| Long Prairie, Mimi. Nov. 23.-Ben
EStrauss, wanted by North Dakota au-
liberties in connection with the rob-
berry Of a bank at Wolford, N. D.,
NOV. !, last, was brought before
Judge w. l.. Parson Of the district
court here. Wednesday IN u writ of
habeas corpus and the case rcmanded
Eto st! Paul. for next Monday.
Strauss was arrested In Pittsburg,
|Kas., waived e%xtradltion land was
brought to st. Paul, where he sought
release on a habeas corpus writ. Of
fic.als from North Dakota got away
with him, however, but were halted
at Fergus Falls by Minnesota author-
tiles, and Skrauss was taken Off the
train, which was conveying the party
TO North Dakota
Judge Parsons remanded Strauss
to the custody OF the sheriff with in
structions to have him in st. Paul
Monday, wherethe North Dakota au-
thorities will have q chance to con
test the habeas eorpus proceedings. y
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
TRANSPORTATION
IS BIG QUESTION
Heads Of Street Railways
Here to Attend Big
Convention

one of tho largest industrial con-
ventions hold since the war-thpt
OF tho American Electric Railway
association on tho municipal pier.
Chicago. October 90. viii De Mt
Tended by several local transporta-
ton men. Included among those
who viii 30 from here are; l. n.
Grow and II. V. Miller OF the Okla.
homo Union Hallway company and
j.. Hilburn ana G, Ellcn Of tho TuIaa
Street Railway company
Tho facts that the electric railway
INDUSTRY generally now as engaged
In rcinhabiliihiiou work. tI1Rlng cor.
ference OF the leading minds Imp'r-
alive. that there was no exhibit OF
materials and supplies a. tho ATTAIN
tic city convention iaat year and
mat the meeting this ycnr FOR the
first time iT many years goes 10 tho
middle west, prruEc % gathering. 10
is Of 5000 persons ono entire sido
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24

oi the nam moth municipal pier and
an of i'e halls will bo utilized.
The story ~ transportation from
tho days of tho Indiana runner 20
the present high -specd electric car
and the bus will be told IN word aud
picture. An living past presidents
Of the association, whose servicea 90
back into the horse car days VIII
talk. and n pageant showing trane
portntion from Indiana runner, down
through prnirR schooner. stage
coach. hlgh bicycle and horse car
days win bo staged on Michigan ave
nuo and at the plor on the opening
day.
Leading subjects 10 bo discussed
are public rclatione. taxes ma track
less transportation. Public relations
are Of unusual interest because ot
tho increased number ~ Hines which
are trying 10 tell thor story 10
the public through frank dealing;
tasos because many communities are
recognizing the injustice ~ compel.
IIuE electric railways 20 pay Tor pave
mout used chiefly by automobiles und
carry other burdens originally de-
aIguod fur horse cars. ana tracklesH
transportation because 10 Involves
tho whole bus question. a special
committee has been making a study
of me bus situation FOR moro than 70
yols and its report will Doc one ~
tho outstanding featureG of the meet
Ing.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24

Presenting Choicest NeW Modes for Fall and WI

our unusually good connections with the finest producers
of wear, constantly the eastern markets
through New York office trained expert buyers
combine place this in the front rank step
forward showing the choicest Of the things first
Of this section have recognized this for years
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
FurS PredOminQte

Among garments for women's those OF fur
carry tho predominant Tho appeal Of their benuty
luxury lost anyone Here mention beau
things OF carefully selected ana matched pes OF
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
1880 to 325.0O
ChOkerS in the Finer FurS

To enhance the first beauty and smaness Of fine tailored
20 topmost line lovely dress
a fur Chokersay OF these
Iud Bay $3.50 110.00-or
1500O-a Baum maren, single
skin at 70 so to maron single $3.50
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
A Splendid Showing of
School HOsieru

The best and least expensive school
hosiery worthy OF consideration is to
be had only in proven, standard
brands with makers of reputation
who have large investments TO lose II
they full to keep the quality up.
These always stand behind their
hosiery, We recommend the follow
ing highly.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Exceptional Fur Goats

Gorgeous things OF Hudson musirnt. squirrel and
with luxurious. large collars sleeves se-n in
donnn completed with deep cuffs. These coats
lined throughout with extra fno quality satin and set
off with sk cord grdlcs
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Fur Capes are Quite the Vogue

Failing shoulder and other deeper 20 the waist
longest oapes will careful particu
women shown choice Scotch mole Jap
mink. Japanese kousky and They
beautiful SILK iiucd and reasonable at
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
8-Button Overseam Stitched
12-Button Trefodsse Fin
French Kid Gloves

A superfine quality OF French Kid,
overscam sewn. in this, the most pop
ular length 10 rthis season. Shown
in beaver. gray and black, in all sizes.
The pair. now,
500
Glove section---MaIn Floor
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
resSes-AHernOOn ExQlusifries

Irresistible silk fale lovely.
back and draped styles
that finished
embroidery fancy gIrdes blacks
$3.50 to 10000
women floor
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Beautiful Dinner Dresses

the Formal festive occasion, tho rounds OF which will
these delightful lace combinn
tons and silk veets In straight line and effective
models with loose flowing panels and trimmings OF
embroidery Others loose sleeves
La
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24

IN inventor has combined cal
eudar and savings bank I'm such n
way that Tho dates can be changed
only hv the insertion Of coins,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24

We Quote No For
ncr or Comparative
Prices IN our Nd
vcrtising. We let
You Be the Judge
" Values.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
"Black Cat" Sport Ribbed

A now number and popular this
season. Can be worn as a regular
stocking or rolled at the top. In
white, dark brown and black. Now
in all sizes. Pair,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Boys "Black Cat" Hosiery

a wonderful wearing stocking that
has had a first place in our stock for
many years. Heavy ribbed, but not
clumsy. with great elasticity and COM
bining extraordinary wear and good
appearance. In black and brown.
Now in all sizes. Pair,
2Ec
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Mercerized Lisle Hose

Allen A CBlack Cat) fine ribbed
stockings, made of selected mer-
cerized yarn. A handsome stocking.
In black, white and Havana brown, at,
pair.
SOC
Hosiery section--Nfain FLOOR
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Boys and Girls "Onyx"
Hosiery

A good ribbed cotton stocking in
white. black and Havana brown, now
In all Sizes The pair,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
Matchless New
TrefouSSe GIOUeS
At the. New Low Prices

or all accessories, doubtlessly
gloves receive the sharpest. most crit
teal attention ard criticism. No
woman could ask for finer gloves than
those from Trefousso, for such do not
exist
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
2-Clasp French Kid, Pique
Sewn

Trefoussc, first quality, selected
French kid I'm white with black now
city stitching and black with white.
Sizes a to IN. Pair, now,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1922-09-24
2-Clasp French Kid Gloves

Trefousse, French KID, overseam
sewn; in black, brown and beaver
shades; sizes 5is to IN. The pair,
now.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02
UNINsrRUCrRD AMBASSADOR.

1t IL hard to understand the nervous
disQuist OF the State Department over
Ambassador Harvey's activities in
Paris. Tho innocent ofiioial inttna-
ton in Washington, II that he has had
no instructions to DO what ne 10 re-
ported to. be doing. But imagine
Colonel Harvcy's snort Of indignation
at the idea that he needs to be In
structed. He In hin,scK the great In
st<uctor. Having magisterially ex-
plA1ned in many n speech and article
the true foreign policy Of the United
States, II Is not to be supposed that he
now has to wait for a mere secretary
OF state TO telegraph him what TO do
or say. Premier Poinacro much wants
to know what are the exact intentions
OF the American Government. and
Ambassador Harvey Is the very man
to inform him. The State Department
may anxiously wonder what on earth
the Ambassador Is about, but ne
knows, and that ought ITO BIO enough
| for the rest OF us.
Itonay be that Amba ssador Harvey
Is proceeding 70 instruct Europe with.
out Instructions. II 30, ne doubtless
Is consciously acting in the spirit OF
Walter Bagehot's saying that a dip.
lomatic representative goes abroad mo-
only as an agent but also as "epec.
tacle." n Colonel Harvey has. FOR tn,
honor Of his country. several timei
made a spectacle OF himself IN Eng
land. why should he dlscriminat,
against France? The French govern
ment may. In Its turn. desire to asl
him questions. NJ. Poincare will per
haps recall Ambassador Harvey
solemn dictum at Liverpool that tn
United States would never enter Int
a treaty alliance. and may wish t
know II that can be reconciled witt
the Pacific alliance which France ha
Just signed along with the Unite
States. But even without instruction
IL certain that the Ambassador wi
be able to explain away ars* little aw1s
wardness like that-New York Times
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02
JUST FOLKS
THE GOLFERS HOPE.
BY Edgar 4. Guest.


I haven't done much with the wood,
Ny putter II faulty and weak.
For years I have hoped TO be good;
The ways OF the skillful I seek,
But always my golf I deplore.
1t stays In its commonplace groove,
But the future 1 face as before
Next summer / ought to improve.
I've thought II with each coming year,
! know all my faults to T:
I know why my driving is queer
And just what's the matter with me.
know how to putt but I don't,
/ know that my head shouldn't
move.
Henceforth and forever II won't
Next summer / ought to improve.
My style. Il am told, Is o. X.
I've a finish superb TO my drive.
There's no doubt know how TO play
Yet I'm lucky to sink for five.
But I've all the instruction down pa,
On the use Of the iron and the wood
I've been always a dub--but, at that
Next summer I ought to be good.
Now the links are deep hidden in snow
And my clubs in the corner remain
But in fancy each evening ] go
To play through the course one,
again,
And l mentally study my style
And go through the shots / car
play
Then i say TO myself with smile
Next summer, I'll show EN- the way
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02

buoyant talks hat he sava. he rem
dsrsd personal ssevlcs 70 thousAnds
OF our wounded mon. For days on
end he AT in hospitals. writing letters
to mothsrs It homo for sons who were
too badly injured to lift = pom. At
ono time one Of his sons was At tho
front. and John Kendrick Bangs was
over the hill with another unit
father and son. aide by side In their
country's~ uniform. After the war,
when the sympathiss Of these Staten
swervsd against France. he toured
every State in the Union. picturing
Americas friend in her true light.
Mr.. Bangs wrote moro than thirty
books and plays-and in not one Of
them u . line that his children can
regret having been pennAd. That
marvellous Christian spirit thai was
his shone from every page that he
wrote. Hc was that type OF man OF
whom ono might justly say. good
night to . Christian gentleman.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02
PUNISH THE bun TOTER.

Tho New York police commissioner
reports that crimes OF violence or seri-
Gus felonics have been on the decli.. Q
In that city since 1915. A comparison
OF tho last quarter Of 1920 with that
OF 1921 shows rs murders Tor the for
mer to "a for the latter.
A comparison with our own records
would be interesting. The New York
ofncial does not give the years record.
but the winter quartev Is not likely
to be below the average, and murders
therefore may be assumed to have
been about 200 for the year. In Chi
cago there were 246 killings in which
guns were used. New York has q
population Of $780, 900 to our 2,7oo. 900
The Tribune's proposal for a pro-
hibition OF private manufacture Of
revolvers has been taken Up by twenty
judges OF tho Superior Court--Justics
O'Connor OF tho Appellate court ha,
been q vigorous advocate OF this re.
form-and II may be hoped that. with
10 authoritative an Endorsement, z
strong movement may be now go
under way.
Meanwhile. may We suggest tina
| 1uries, Judges. and magistrates Us
their existing powers to punish gun
carrying moro severely? We do no
mean that law-abiding citizens shout
be penalized. but any criminal or un
desirable caught armed should get tn
maximum sentence. whether he ha
used his weapon or not. The mer
carrying Of a gun by such a ma
proves he Is prepared to use IT IL h
thinks 1t will pay him to use 1t, an
he deserves no mercy when brougt
to bar.
There can be no general disarma
ment until private manufacture.
stopped, but pending such leeislatio
, our courts should be far more sever
than they are on the carrying ,
|, deadly weapons by criminals an
roughs Of the qussf-criminal Glass;
Chicago Tribune.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02
THE MIRROR OF
PUBLIC OPINION

paper york. often With the mental
reservation that they would follow
journalism only until they could md
something better" Today It II not
looked upon a. a stepping stone. but
AZ = profession or busineas-for II Ia.
both a profession and . business. a
profession In the editorial, and news
rooms. and 4 business downstairs In
tho counting rooms.
Schools of Journalism. accordingly,
have come more and moro into favor
in recent years. General Leo him
self founded tho FIRST school OF this
kind In 1859. He established a chair
OF Journalism In Washington and Lee
soon after taking over the presidency
Of that noted institution. Tho school
was discontinued. however, eight
years after his death. lack OF funds TO
maintain It being the reason assigned
for It's disesta blishment.
IL Old newspaper men entertained n
more or less understandable prejudice
against the teaching OF journalism
They did not believe this method OF
training young men was practical
They said that tho young graduate
would be too theoretical. and tina,
journalism could be learned only n
newspaper offices by apprentices.
II In true that school Of journal
ism cannot turn out graduate whC
Is ready to take over tho management
of a department In a newspaper once
and II Is also true that the gradual,
, OF the law school Ii not ready for /,
partnership as soon as he receives hi
!. license. nor is the young physical,
ready to manage hospital or taxi
: over the practice OF an older and NOR
: experienced physician.
Undoubtedly tho graduate Journal
LIST, Is much better prepared to d
effective newspaper work than II n
had not taken a special course. Agar
the school OF Journalism may serv
: usefully In thinning out those VIII
! were mistaken in surprising they pos
sessed talent for newspaper work. l
= that case they save working news
paper executives good deal Of troubl
and Observation-Disclosures Adver
tiser
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02

sAswtas. omaha thiaks Tor Hss2.
l1Aay . eesulga esssestty hAs snAok-
ssYd w ~ sassvs because q the sAas
VIII wAieA Ne extracted money from
the American pablo. More than one
has confessed h.msslf amazed At mon
and women almost hghting for tho
priviisgs of paying money to hear a
second or thud-rats author deliver
u Afth-rate speech.
DO American authors fool tho Brit
ish public in the same manner7 They
most certainly DO not. The British
or. demand tina, the goods b. up to
expectation.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial. (Wilmington, Del.) 1878-1928, 1922-02-02
IRELANDy PRESIDENT.

In the literature OF the Irish move
ment of the last 30 years the name of
Arthur .Grifith stands among the
highest. With MacNeii. speaker OF
Dali Eireann. he Il the only prominent
Irish politician. says Padriac Column.
whose activities go back to the time OF
the lost leader. Charles Stewart Par
nell.
A Duhllner TO tho backbone, Griffith
began life as q compositor. and Is
now In his early fifties. From tho
printers case he was graduated to the
editorial desk. and with Rooney. the
poet, ran the brilliant weekly, 'The
United Irishman." To this nghting
sheet the brightest pens OF Ireland and
the Ireland overseas contributed. II
was hard work on the financial end
of the paper. but on the literary side
the journal was a powerful force and
n focus for the Irish cause.
After the collapse OF Parnell, Grit
nth went to South Africa and worked
In tho mining fields near Johannes
burg. and when the Boer War broke
tout he returned to ireland. Grifitf
was an ardent pro-Boer. Padriat
IColum. who a. q boy wrote for "Tht
United Irishman." says OF the new
Irish President: HE will prove to b
a genuine statesman. believe
He Is vigorous in his physique. ana N
has enormous power for work. He 4
concil,atory, friendly. capable OF wid
and far views.
No man in Ireland has more In
formation, no man In Ireland ha
greater powers OF work. no man Il
; Ireland has greater love for his coun
try, than has Arthur Griflth. '-sa'
Francisco Chronicle.