Imperial Valley press., 1922-02-02
United Press Leased Wire

JdNal treaty pIONIQeS, DeSluSS d ilou'
flied ten year naval holiday, set
70 scale of future tonnage for America
Y Great Britain, Japan, France and
Italy, is based on the maintenance
e.. of 5-5-3-1.75-I75 ratio, though the
. ratio itself was not mentioned out OF
q, Difference to Japan, who felt that
= branded her with an unnecessary in
n fcriority. 1t provides for the scrap
s ping or abandonment now of the fol-
& lowing number of battleships or other
fighting craft: America 80; Great
3 Britain "a; Japan "a, while France
and Italy do no scrapping until 1880
}, and 1881, respectively.
With these scrapping provisions
carried out at once, the naval powers
viii retain the following capital
/. ships
America - Maryland, California,
Tennessee, Idaho, New Mexico, Missi-
ssippi, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Okla
honla, Nevada, New York, Texas,
Arkansas, Wyoming, Florida, Utah,
North Dakota, Delaware, total of
500,650 tons, but the United States
can complete two West Virginia type
ships, whereupon she must scrap the
North Dakota and Delaware, leaving
her during the naval holiday with a
total of 525,S50 tons.
Britain-Royal Sovereign, Roval
Oak, Revenge, Resolution. Families,
Malaga, Valiant, Barnham, Queen Ell
izabeth, Warspite, Benbow, Emperor
of India, Iron Duke, Marlborough,
Hood, Renown, Repulse, Tiger, Thun-
derer, King George V, Ajax and Cen
turion, a total of % ships, with a ton
mage of 5S0,450, but with the permis-
sion to construct now two new ships,
followed by scrapping of the Thun-
derer, King George V, Ajax and Cen
turion, thus giving her a holiday ton
mage of 55S,950. - s.s't
Japan-Mutsu, Nagato. Hiugae,
Use, Yamashiro, Fuso, Kirishinia, Ha-
runa, Hiyel, Kongo, a total Of 3o1,32O
ItaIy-Andrea Doria, Cab DiuHo,
Conte Di Cavour, Giulio Cesare, Leo
nardo da Vinci, Dante sThehiefi,
Roma, Napoli, Vittario Emaneule,
Regina Elena, a total of ten ships
with 1S2,S00 tons.
France-Bretagne Lorraine, Pro-
vence, Paris, France, Jexan Bart,
Courbet, Condorcet, Diderot, Voltaioe,
total of ten ships with 221,l70 tons.
The 5-5-5-f .75-f.75 ratio, as will be
seen, slightly varied at the start, but
when replacements begin it will be in
force as the powers are allotted the
following replacement tonnages:
United States, $4,000. Britain
$4,000. Japan, $4,000. France
175,000. Italy 125,000.
The original Hughes 'bombshell''
proposed a complete cessation of
naval building for ten years. This
had to be Slightly altered, though the
principle was maintained.
AS matters now stand, under the
treaty the United States is given the
right to complete two West Virginia
class ships-probably the Colorado
and West Virginia, though it was or
iginally planned to complete the Col
orado and Washington; while Britain
can build two new ships and France
and Italy can start replacing one ship
each in the years 1927 and 1929
With these exceptions, naval building
halts for ten years when replace
ments can begin. A ship must be
twenty years old before it can be re-
placed.
The treaty preamble notes that the
five powers desire ito contribute to
the maintenance of the general peace
and to reduce the burdens of competi-
ton in armament"
The treaty is divided into three
chapters with twenty five articles.
Article ] says "The contracting
powers agree to limit their respect
i've naval armament as provided in
the present treaty"
Article II notes that ships may
be retained in accordance with later
table.
Article III provides the powers
Shall abandon proposed shipbuilding
programs and shall only replace in
accordance with tables attached.
Article " gives the replacement
tonnage figure, constituting the ratio
resignment as already outlined above.
Article V forbids construction Of
over $4,000 tons.
Article VI forbids guns on capital
ships larger than IS inch.
Article VII provides aircraft car
rier tonnage thus: America $4,000
Britain $4,000; France 10000; Italy
G0,000; japan 81 900.
Article VIII notes aircraft carrier
replacement shall be carried out ac-
cordlng TO a subsequent table.
Article TX sets a $1,000 ton limit
on such carriers, but allows each
power to build or save from the dead
lists two ships Of 80 900 tons for car
1ier purposes. 1t also limits size Of
guns.
Article X contains further techni.
cal provisions as to armament Of such
carriers so they cannot be used for
other than transportation Of air
craft.
Article Xf puts a Ten thousand ior
limit on auxiliary craft.
Article XII limits auXiliary Graf
guns to eight inches.
Article XIII orders against Te con
version of doomed ships into, fight
ing craft. SD So
Article XIV guards against cOnver
sion of merchantmen into wan Veasela