davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
New York and Environs Furnish
Many Examples Of Impossibility
of Convicting Women Of Murder

another man. Both the man and
the woman Were tried. The man
plead guilty. The woman was ac-
quilted. The woman testified that she
was not present at the killing. that she
was not even in the neighborhood al
the time it was done.
After the woman was acquitted in
the murder trial she was indicted for
perjury in the murder trial. In the
trial for perjury she was convicted
As the judicial record now stands. one
jury found that she was not present
at the murder, had nothing to do with
IL and was innocent. Another jury
found that her testimony that she was
not present and had nothing to dc
with the murder was false and tha'
she was guilty OF perjury.
Such court incidents as these throw
a certain light on a further constitu-
tional amendment proposed by a sec-
tion of the Women's Rights Associa-
tion. Not satisfied with the amend
ment to tie United States Constitu-
ton which gives women the right 10
vote they desire a further constitu-
tional amendment to prohibit dis
criminatory legislation between men
and women. They would seek to have
all laws apply equally and alike to
men and women.
This would suggest the inquiry
whether IL all laws apply equally to
men and women by what machinery
all laws would be enforced alike on
men and women. The laws about
murder are the same for men and
women as far as the text Of the
statute books goes. but in effect the
enforcement is very different with a
woman defendant and a man defend
ant.
AT present II woman Is married to
n rich man and he is unfaithful to Ter
she cannot only get a divorce but she
can secure very substantial alimony
and counsel fees Even when the hus-
band accuses the wife of inhdelity as
In the Stillman case he can be and Is
compelled to pay counsel fees 10 his
wife to enable ker to defend herself
and TO pay alinony which can he
terminated only BY death or a decision
In his favor.
The New York herald., 1922-04-23

mend a teachers withdrawal from ac-
tive service. If university trained men
We're actuated primarily by economic
motives the prospects of recruiting
university faculties would be hopeless,
but economic motives are not the most
influential with the class of men fitted
by talent and training for university
careers.
The appeals which university life
and the public service. make are be-
coming stronger in America. The
.aaacher who combines specialized
knowledge With general culture,T who
has advantaged by foreign travel and
acquaintanceship. and who has alter
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
BY DAVID p. BARROWS,
President of the University of
California.

"a MEXICAN university teachers
~ were afforded an unprecedented
opportunity to exhibit their
Versatility and capacity during the
months of the war when the nation
had such desperate need Of trained
and informed men. The adaptability
OF university teachers to all sorts OF
situations, administrative as we'll as
technical, their success and the appre-
ciation which their services evoked
eject upon universities.
This result has created difficulties
for the universities themselves, as it
has led to considerable numbers o.
tencners being drawn into public and
business careers
.sIt may be said at once and positively
that universities cannot compete with
the financial rewards of private bust
ness. University salaries must be
based upon a lower and entirely dis
tinct scale from the compensation paid
by American business for comparable
talent and administrative capacity.
The attractions OF a university ca
rcer to men of intelligence and person
ality must remain other than financial.
The university professor. like the man
who enters the public service or the
army or the navy, must, unless he has
independent means, be reconciled TO
the prospect OF remaining a relatively
poor man. The attractions of univer-
sify life lie in its freedom. it's opportu-
nifty for the exercise OF the highest
spiritual activities. IT'S. social distinc-
ton. and finally, In the surety of
tenure. the prospects for continuous
though moderate advancement. and
the assurance of a retiring provision
wher the university's interests recon-
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Il Teacher First Gets
Salary of $500 Per Year

The University OF California has
adopted four year probational period
for the teacher of this category. We
appoint him at $500. We assure him
OF a $500 advance each year for four
years. At the end OF four years he
is presumably between 20 and 80 years
of Iage and is receiving salary OF
$4,000. This salary has permitted no
relaxation OF effort, no degree OF lux
ury in his life and little or no op-
portunity for travel; but 1t has per-
mitted him to marry, to provide for
the birth of one or more children, to
add every few weeks a new book
to his library. to subscribe to learned
publications, and to keep out OF debt.
Ii he has made the expected progress
he is ready for promotion to the grade
of assistant professor" with a salary
OF $4,000. This after a couple of years
may be followed by another promotion
to $4,000.
American universities are undoubt-
edly making strenuous efforts to in
crease the support OF the academic
profession and to add to It's appeal
The enhanced cost of living combined
with other alterations of the war
to make the old standards OF COM
pensation obsolete and inequitable.
have the impression. however, that
in some instances American universi-
ties have proceeded too rapidly and
even heedlessly in lifting the scale OF
salaries and particularly In comforting
undue rank upon immature men
whose scholarship has not been fully
demonstrated. The University of Cali
fornia has at least not made this mis-
take. We have rather fallen appre-
ciably' behind other American uni
versities of like Importance and repu-
tation, and in spite OF the fact that
much was done in the budgets for
1890 and 1920-21 to better salaries,
certain retardation OF Improvement
has been inevitable.
The generous provision for the uni
versity made by the last Legislature
now makes it possible for the Uni
versity OF California to attain an inn
proved and definite scale Of academic
compensation based upon a plan au-
thorized by the regents in March.
1890. My own belief is that our plan
is adequate and may stand indefinitely
unless social conditions In America
appreciably alter.
The grade Of associate professor
follows at about the age of 35 or 36,
and as now arranged in this nstitu-
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
ROFESSORS SALARY SCALEGIVES FAIR COMPENSATION

and enhance the value of his service
during this period. If such progress
continues, the recognition of the Uni
versity- should follow: IL it does not
and the professor remains at $4,000
until the age Of 65. he tten leaves the
active teaching service at retiring
salary OF $4,000.
What has been sketched here should
be further conditioned by two add.
tional statements: the salaries here
given are exclusively "professoriar' /:
they do not embrace tie "honoraria'
or emoIuments paid to man Of ad-
ministrative gifts who fills such posi-
tions as those Of director" or dean
1t Is the policy OF the University OF
California to pay an additional sum
for this service, which represents a
surrender of considerable part, or
the whole, OF a teachers freedom for
devotion to tie administrative service
of the institution. All administrative
positions within the university are OF
indefinite tenure.
The second factor is this: While
the normal advancement Of univer-
sity professor is much as Is sketched
above and may be tabulated as set
out below, the university 10 eager to
advance a man more rapidly IL his
abilities so recommend. In introduc-
ing normal rate of advancement a
university cannot afford to establish
a fixed routine OF promotion or to fail
to reward youthful results that are
brilliant ana precious to mankind.
Subject to these conditions. which
must be constantly borne in mind, the
following normal plan of advancement
Is presented:
Tab1D Cbowinc YncrssSo~
The New York herald., 1922-04-23

mated periods OF academic life with
experience in public affairs. seems to
be the nearest approach in America to
the class of English public men who
by reason of rank, breeding and tradi-
t.onal influence play so important a
part m the social and public life of
Great Britain 1t is this type of man
whom American universities should
seek to. secure as their scholars and
teachers. and to accomplish this result
the acadamic profession must attract
young men of unusual intellectual en-
dowrnent and personality, and should
be open to no others Itappears that
for a considerable period in America
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Lady Astor Back of Bin
To Wipe Out Distinction

Lady Astor, the only Virginia born
member of the British Parliament. has
introduced a bill to wipe out this dis
tinction between husbands and their
wives on the ground that the assurnp-
tion of coercion Is farcicsL II will be
noted that not one of the hundreds of
men members OF Parliament, but one
of the only two women members. and
that one American born. should in
troduce this BILL which Is supported
by the women suffragists.
Other recent cases show how men
juries will convict the man and acquit
the woman even where money and not
passion is involved.
sample of this kind OF case is the
recent trial in the United States Dis
trict Court OF Dunnigan and the
women clerks and telephone operators
OF the prohibition office. Dunnigan
and former gambler, who had turned
bootlegger, arranged with the tele-
phone girl and woman clerk In Pro-
hibition Director O'Connor's Office that
liquor permits and combinations
should be falsely issued.
Headquarters were opened in the
McAlpin Hotel where part of the busi-
ness was handled. and storage was
provided in Brooklyn for the liquor.
The women clerks looked after the
permits. The telephone girl answered
inquiries by telephone and telegraph
from the distilleries and confirmed the
validity OF the permits. The schene
howed n profit of several hundred
thousand dollars.
United States secret service men ar
rested Dunnigan. the former gambler.
who Is now dead, and two women In
me McAlpin Hotel. They had more
than 100000 with them when arrested.
The evidence was conclusive.
Dunnighn and one OF the women
were tried together On the same evil
dence Dunnigan was convicted and the
woman was acquitted. The Judge told
he jury that there was no doubt that
the woman was guilty, but that he
understood the attitude OF the jury
which was in effect that the woman
had been beguiled by Dunnigan into
doing what she did.
Thus the modern court and the mod
ern jury take the opposite attitude ~
hat di played IN the Adam and Eve
affair Nowadays the jury goes or
hc theory that the man begullcd the
woman.
And even more marked inconsistency
vas In a recent murder trial in Long
Island city, where a man and woman
were indicted for<ahnving murdered
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Wealthy Women May Have
To Pay Husbands Aiimony

II this new constitutional amend
ment should be adopted would It's ef-
feet bo that where q wealthy woman
has married n poor man and seeks a
divorce from him she shall be com
pelled TO pay his counsel fees that he
may defend himself and pay him ALI
mory that he may be supported in a
similar manner and station in life to
that which he enjoyed when living
with her?
In a recent New Jersey case where
both men and women wert on thu
jury several Of the women did not be.
'ieve the testimony of a woman COM
nlainant against q man. They seemed
Inclined 70 think that tho woman
might be partly to blame, too
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Harm Frequently Results From
Fostering a False Ambition

School teachers make mistake, as
great mistake as the speakers have
just referred to. II they bring up the
children intrustcd TO their care to
think that TO study to enter a uni
versty is the only. really desirable
thing TO do, and to think that those
who so TO work in the trades and the
industries are inferior as men and as
citizens to those who enter the pro-
fessions.
Somehow the idea got staHted that
the primary was simply a preparation
for the grammar school, the grammar
for the high school and the high school
for the university. For years we have
been rushing everyone along through
this program. sighed for those who fell
by the wayside and gloried In those
who got through. There was greater
JOY over one student who got into q
university than over the ninety and
nine who got into job and went to
work.
We are now beginning to realize
that we we're wrong in paying so much
attention 10 the one In the hundred
and so little to the ninety-nine.
cannot satisfactorily account in
my own mind FOR the fact that almost
very American regards his own work
as something that his own son should
not follow. Why so many men take
80 little pride In their work I cannot
wholly understand. Why a successful
man In any line Of work should not
wish his son TO follow In his footsteps
can only he accounted for by conclud-
irg that the man was wrongly edu-
ratcd. has the wrong attitude toward
his work and does not understand that
all boys cannot profit equally by edu-
ration and fit themselves for any and
every position.
Perhaps 1t Is the result OF the old
public school training, but In some way
m exaggerated notion Of the value to
he community of men who never soil
their hands has developed until crafts
manship Is now looked down upon, and
most fathers would rather see their
sons in an Office bending over book,
1r behind a counter selling ribbons, OF
behind bank grill handling other
peoples money-all positions which
are mere cogs in q whee'-than doing
creative work as a macllnist, builder,
plumber or potter, which is the noblest
kind of work.
What constitutes greatness In a
man? My definition viii not coincide
with the usually accepted meaning Of
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
BY FRANK F. FREDERICK,
Director cf School Of Industrial
.st .s Arts of Trenton, N. j.

.Af.tf' TTts "a ATcukohy Ns -
w THEN / was small boy. and
.W for some years afterward.
and don't know for how
many years before. all the men who
addressed the school l attended al
ways said something like this: prob
ably before mo is one boy who will be
President of the United States" And
then they would go on and say that
every boy should work to be President,
and expect to be President, and before
they we're through we all felt that tc
be a mere Governor OF State would
be a small matter. while to grow UP to
be a man who worked with his hands
would be almost disgrace.
These men made a great mistake.
1t was. and is. right to fire the ambi-
ton of youth, but it was a mistake to
lead boys to think that the only goa
worth striving for was one position
which but one man in many millions
can hold. 1t was, without doubt, a
greater mistake to belittle the labor
of those who work with their hands.
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
ny WILLIAM Nf'MuRTRIE STEER.

.
The recent acquittal of Miss Olivia
Stone is another example of the prac-
tical impossibility of convicting n
woman Of murder in the first degree.
Even when a woman participates in a
murder for money. not from passion,
1t is fairly easy to convict the man
and next to impossible to convict the
woman. When the woman kills the
man size accuses of having wronged
her it is hardly worth while to try
her for it.
In this recent case tried before JUS
tice Aspinall, Miss Stone had shot
Kinkead. the former corporation coun-
sci of Cincinnati. She emptied re-
volver at him and four out Of five bull
let's hit. There was testimony that
she had threatened to kill him; that
she had written letters saying she
would Kill him. and there were several
witnesses. that swore she had killed
him. Notwithstanding this evidence.
which in nine cases out of ten would
have convicted man of murder, Miss
Stone was acquitted and the court
room audience applauded.
in New York. they are not yet Jurors.
II will be interesting to note whether,
when there are women jurors, juries
will as promptly acquit woman who
has killed man. r.s.srs --t -fn st..
In several OF the Western States
there are, women jurors. In Califor-
mia women sit on juries. In the Fatty
Arbuckle case, tried three times In
CalIfornia and finally acquitted, there
was in one OF the trials where the jury
disagreed marked tendency on the
part of the women jurors TO favor Ar
buckle. 1t was reported that the men
Jurors were more inclined to convict
Arbuckle than were the, women Jurors.
Noted Peel Case in England
Is Cited as an Example
In England In the recent Peel case
the judge discharged Mrs. Peel on the
ground that in England IL was the law
that woman who participated with
her husband in committing a crime
was In theory coerced by him in what
she did In his presence, and was there
fore herself innocent, since what she
her own choice.
Peel and his wife had credit with
London bookmalters. II Is the English
custom that bookmaker accepts bets
Non horse races from customers ot
established credit and IL they are tele-
graphed to him before the races are
SzB Peel lived in a country town
lie and his wife arranged 10 have tho
results Of races telephoned promptly
to thcm. They then had the telegraph
operator antedate the telgrafns from
Chem that they sent 10 the book
Bakers 80 that the kilograms were
apparently sent In advance Of the
rnces, whereas they actually were not
sent until Peel knew the results OF
the races. y.
Tho bookmakers paid tho bets. on
The New York herald., 1922-04-23

there will be a shortage of university
teachers. The increase of demand
through the recent rapid growth OF
university attendance has conceded
with the raising of standards and an
actual diminution of supply.
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Scholarships and Teaching Ability
Assure Increases Each Two Years
BY University of California Plan
Men Not Of Special Eminence
Benefit by New Scheme,
Says DR.. BarrOws.
BUILT ON NORMAL RATES
Shortage Of Good Instructors
Foreseen Unless Pay Is
More Reasonable.

This distinguished educator
prepared the accompanying
statement recently, presenting
the University of Californias
plan of academic compensation.
together with certain considera-
fions which have been inhuen-
I tiaI in determining the scale of
salaries.
The New York herald., 1922-04-23

investigation the antedating OF the
teleerams1 was proved and Peel was
convicted. /. His wife was also indicted
and tried. The evidence was the same
in her case, but the Judge directed the
acquittal on the ground that on the
theory of the English law Peel had
coerced his wife.
The New York herald., 1922-04-23

ton has three scales of compensation
--$3, 800. SO, 600 and $4,000. Experience
seems to indicate that an aspiring and
progressive young man should have
the satisfaction of receiving the
merited recognition Of a university as
often as every two years. This plan
provides a possible increase in salary
OF $500 at each such period At the
age OF 80 or 40 he may be ready to be
considered for appointment to the
highest academic distinction which a
university can bestow, the grade of
professor"
In the University Of California this
rank Is given only after a most care
full weighing of a mans achievements
by his mature colleagues. The rank
of professor Is accorded for clear
demonstration of the possession Of a
strong and cultivated personality, sue
cess as a teacher, and actual achieve
ment in some field OF scholarship. We
will say that such a man Is now 40
and receives the lowest compensation
of a professorship, $4,000. There is a
considerable latitude in the authorized
a year. The higher salaries are con-
ditioned by several factors--a mans
eminence as a scholar and teacher, his
vitality as maturity passes into ad-
vanced years, his serviceability as a
citizen OF the academic community.
and his gifts in training disciples and
enlarging the field Of knowledge. The
proposed salary figures above $4,000
are $4,000. $1,000, $500, $4,000, $500.
$1,000. $500. $4,000. The highest
grades are reserved for men OF es-
pecial eminence and value. and will
supposedly be held by n very small
number OF men. The years from 40
to 50. however, should be years OF a
mans best academic productivity; tie
rewards Of life are now flowing in.
the years of obscure work and hard
endeavor are receiving their recogni-
tion.
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Men of Unusual Minds to Advance
Even When Others Have Stopped

The University of California plan
would permit the typical professor be-
tween the ages of 40 and so to receive
at least four times an augmentation of
salary of $500 and at the latter age
arrive at salary of $4,000. He has
fifteen years further service between
the ages Of SO and So before retire
ment comes. II from the age of so
onward it appears clear that the best
work of the man has been done. and
that with a lowering vitality there Is
"A loss Of interest and diminution Of
productivity. then 1t may well be that
this salary Of $4,000 should remain his
permanent compensation. but the man
Of unusual mind and strengtte should
continue to advance his reputation
The New York herald., 1922-04-23
Table Showing Increases
From Instructor to Professor

IfIgHeT TtCOHnltIuH Tot eXCtTJ-
tional services and great dis
tinction. $1,000. 1900. $500, So, 900
6J-66 Usual age for retirement from
active teaching.
The university is endeavoring to
build up research funds and research
endowments out OF which can be made
ALLEGATION OF funds to assist men in
the prosecution or the elimination of
scholarly Investigations. The cost Of
completing certain researches Is some-
times considerable. and cannot be met
by the private resources Of q professor
or the budget aIIotments to his de-
partment for assistance and ex-
pensc."
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1922-09-21

Ser 25. Mugnf, 1921, 1par e1n
Srouertag fit oie ct. @sarien @e-
meinbe IN ct. @louo. Mn oieiem Sa-
qe brannte Sic alte Stride ob, ote1es
8abr5ei6en drtitli6en Spferiinnes
ser erlten oeutid=fotboliiben Mn1ieo=
Ter.
Weit frilden Weut ging ote meme
Generation ans @erf, I'm BENT 5errn
einsrl Sbm miiroigen Seupel 5n er=
baueu. Ser Ieiber ibon perltorbene
Sobn 6. Comes, etn Wfeiiter Der
driltliden Mrditeftur, mnroe ber1t=
fen, ste H1dne fir SEN genbau 5n
5ei6nen. @s 1onte ein 8erf entitebeh
oasl ni6t Bios 6eu Spfer= ionoern
a19 0eur &unitiinn Ser @atbolifen
ct. CLOUDS aur @bre gereiden miiroe.
Obiges 8ilb 5eigt SEN Hlan oes reu=
en- @ottesbaules, bon 6ei1en 5d0nbeit
ser l1nterbau iebt i9on 3eugris gtbt.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1922-09-21
Die per Scr IT GlenH 1tnbefledtcn Gnspf6nentss
u,,A Scr 1tatbeHraleem,eift1e abee5ncieten net>
en- GemseinSen.

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tprroe, ,,no ser Iettsenannten &C.
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neue gemeinoen in ct. Glouo unb in
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go entltunben I'M 2aufe Ser lesten
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