Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1922-10-24

poets serum, for instance, to pro.
tect or immunize unhealthy hogs.
Anti-hog cholera serum cannot be
expected to effect any material in
fluence upon the progress of chol.
era when once it has become well
established either in the individual
: or in the herd as a whole.
Animals Become Drowsy
When hogs are attacked by chol-
era, there is usually an increase in
| the body temperature, and the ami
mails appear drowsy. They often re-
fuse to eat. Frequently, they suffer
from diarrhea; occasionally. from
constipation. They soon become
weak and emaciated, and the gait is
uncertain and staggering. The hind
quarters become weakened, the coat
becomes rough, and the ski about
the ears, snout and abdomen is very
likely to be red or purplish in color.
OFTEN the eyes become inflamed, and
a mucous discharge collects about
the lids. Naturally, the respiration
becomes quickened, and there is a
! hacking cough. These, symptoms
may readily be evidenced by hogs
that have been attacked by other
diseases of swim, and, therefore, ~
is difficult matter to make a ,os.
tive diagnosis from physical svnnp-
toms only. 1t is a wise precaution.
however, to regard sick hogs with a
suspicion and, to proceed to isolate
tnem Immediately. The strictest
KIND OF quarantine should be insti-
tuted pending examination and dag.
nosis by an expert.
hog cholera may develop in one
OF TWO ways. First, as the yery IA
tai and rapid or acute Character
second, a the mal-lingering or mid
oie type. The latter is known as
chronic cholera. Animals NAV he
affected by the disease for a lone
tlme. Eventually, they may recover
Many of them will remain emaciated
and in an enfeebled condition. DC
casionally, in the acute type. the
hogs die without showing any spe.
clal evidences Of the characteristics
symptoms mentioned above. DR..
ROBERT Graham. of the University
OF Illinois, gives the following de-
scrlption of LESSONS Of hog cholera
met with in post-mortem examina-
tlons. They should materially aid
In the Identification of the disease.
Skin Becomes DiscoIOred
In animals suffering from choI-
era, the skin in the region of the
abdomen, neck, and ears may be red
and purplish in color. In cases Of
long standing, superficial necrotic
areas (sores) and sloughing of the
skin may occur, The surface of the
lungs may show small red spots
(hemorrhages) of varying size. It
is not uncommon to find solid dark
ened areas in the lungs, as well as
reddlsh areas. of inflammation omen.
mon1a), accompanied by the forna-
tlon OF pus. On the outer wall Of the
heart, hemorrhages are sometimes
present. The peritoneum, or cover.
ing OF the abdominal organs, NAV
snow hemorrhages, frequently 10.
Gated along the large and small in.
testines. The inner walls of the
small and large intestines may be
lnflamed and intestinal ulcers NAV
develop In animals that are affected
several days before death. Hemor-
images are generally found on the
kidneys, giving them a turkey-red
appearance. The spleen, or melt
may be enlarged, darkened in color,
and soft in texture. Tie lymph
glands (body and visceraD are gener.
ally swollen, dark and congested.
Lessons of cholera in all organs
rarely appear in one animal. Often
1t is necessary to destroy and ex-
anime several sick animals before
characteristic LESSONS in the differ
ent organs can be found. Expert
enced persons may, however, be able
to recognize such a highly conta-
g1ous disease of swine in a commu-
nifty as hog cholera before the infec-
ton is far advanced by the presence
of self-defined LESSONS in one or two
organs.
Anti-hog cholera serum consists
of the defibrinated blood of hogs
highly immunized against cholera.
A small amount Of phenol is added
to the serum as a preservative. This
is known as the unrefined type of
serum. A few concerns manufac-
ture clear, straw-colored serum
which is claimed is equal in power
to the unrefined serum. The re-
fined serum is gaining in favor, and
may eventually come into very wide
and general use. In using this ma
terial, proper dosage is a matter of
the utmost Importance. Very often
not enough serum is used to accom-
plish the end desired. A much larger
dose than is often thought necessary
will seldom do any harm.
Serum Method Alone
Hogs may be immunized in one of
two ways: The first is known as
the serum alone method, and the Sec
ond is the simultaneous method.
When the serum alone method is
used, the NEGOTIATIONS must be made
every thirty to sixty days. Under
the simultaneous method, the serum
alone method is supplemented by
the injection of small, but fatal
amount of hog cholera virus. The
serum and virus are injected stimuli
taneously with different syringes on
opposite sides of the body. This
treatment, properly administered,
generally results in giving the ami
NAL permanent immunity for hog
cholera. Naturally, this form Of in
oculation should be undertaken by
competent veterinarians only. It is
against the law of the state for any
except those properly licensed by
the state veterinarian to administer
the simultaneous treatment.
In hot weather, serum and virus
should be kept in a cool place,
and should be administered direct
ly from the original container. The
work had best be done in the ear
ly morning, or in the late after
noon. Avoid treating animals in
the heat of the day. You should
| destroy the unused virus by fire.
The pen or enclosure where the
work is to be done should be made
free from dust, and the greatest
care must be taken in handling
all instruments to see that they
are thoroughly antiseptic. OF
course, the animals must be prop.
erly restrained so that the serum
may be injected promptly and in
a proper manner. When an inocu,
lation is to be made, clean the part