davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Nicolai Lenine.

dealt with. Lenine was much more
active then. though not much was said
of his activity by the Novoe Vrentya
or the London Times.
AS for the speech 1tsefr, it was lat
Of a sane man. but, like the other
speech Lenine delivered some weeks
ago and like his letter 10 the hfth
congress OF the Third Internationale
and the one or two interviews he has
granted to correspondents since his
illness, it fell below Lenine's average.
All these utterances were hastily and
carelessly prepared, and were more
repetitions- of what Lenine had pr
viously said.
In the speech to-day he talked
frankly about the mistakes which have
been committed by the Bolsheviks. He
thinks that he and they went too fast /;
that they should never have gone
straight from capitalism to Commun-
ism; that the new economic policy,
Government capitalism, and then So
cialism are necessary steps to Com
munism.
Lenine added that one important
lesson to be drawn by foreign Com
munists from the experiences of the
Russian Bolsheviks is this: Particular
attention must be paid to small bour-
geois and peasant economy. which
should be preserved during the first
phases OF revolutionary freedom" as
otherwise production ceases and all
stimulus for economic activity among
the great mass of the people disappears.
Many humble writer's like myself
pointed this out to Lenine two years
ago, but II is good. after all, TO know
that he is now convinced of it himself,
and that in the revolutions which he
is preparing in outside countries his
followers will not make all at once the
clean sweep of all ordinary business
mAp as they made in Russia. II is a
pity that Lenine did not see this five
years ago; If he had seen it Russia
would have been spared much needless
suffering. AS it is. he is in the position
of doctor standing over the body of
a patient on whom he carried out the
wrong operation. and warning his
medical colleagues not to operate on
anybody else in the same way.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

turned no thanks for the great ova-
ton he then received, though most
Russian orators would, on getting
such applause, have returned to the
rostrum to bow to their audience,
right, left and in front, like prime
donne. When it was evident that he
had said his say and after the great
outburst OF applause had begun.
Lenine, still standing behind his desk,
deliberately drew forth a large hand
kerchief and deliberately blew his
nose, and then carefully gathered his
papers together before making his
speedy exit
The scene Of this speech was the
throne room of~-St. Andrew in the
Cars palace of the Kremlin; and, as
it's name indicates, il was named after
the order of st. Andrew instituted by
Peter the Great in 1898. 1t is a gor-
geous apartment 100 feet long by 20
broad and 60 high, decorated in light
blue and gold, with ten pillars, richly
gilt, and with great expanse of pure
white marble. Opposite the entrance
stood the imperial throne with three
SEATS Ildue IN 1850 IOr the COrOndtlOll
Of Car Nicholas the Second, on which
occasion st. Andrews hall was made
use Of On the walls and pillars are
engraved the arms Of the imperial
family: and nothing in this room or
anywhere else in the palace seems to
have suffered from the five years rule
of the Bolsheviks. The rooms are
even kept as clean and in as good a
state of repair as Before.
The corridor leading to the throne
room Of St--Andrew Is filled with Boil
shevik exhibits In glass cases and
Bolshevik newspapers pinned to the
walls. all combining to form history
of Bolshevism. One section of these
exhibits deals with the Russo-Japanese
war when Lenine was active in TO-
menting discomfort among the Cars
soldiers and sailors. The small, badly
printed leaflets on the subject of Port
Arthur. Liaoyang and Mukden which
he distributed at that time must then
have seemed very contemptible; but
now We see that they sowed the seed
which produced such formidable vege-
tation later. The great war is also
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Began AS a Social
Organization In
Tennessee-Some
of the Warnings
and limitations

~ UT Of the books Of facts and
fiction, the pamphlets and ac-
- tual documents Of the original
Ku Klux Ixlan. and particularly the
volumes OF testimony OF the Congress
sionai inquiry of 1871, has been pieced
together a complete and interesting
story of the old Klan.
Perhaps the most interesting docu-
ments in the Congressional records
are the reproductions OF actual warn
ings issued by the Klan. The warn
ings are supposed to have been given
to the committee by persons who re-
ceived them from the klan.
General orders No. A." addressed
to Klansmen and several individuals
in an unnamed Tennessee town, fol-
lows:
KU KLUx.
~ Serpent's Den-Death's Retreat
Hollow Tomb-Misery Cave of the
Great 1Su Klux Klan, No. 1000.
Windy Month-Bloody Moon.
Muddy Night-Twelfth Hour.
General orders No. /.
Make ready Make ready! Make
ready
The mighty hobgoblins OF the Con-
federate dead in Hell-aBu as
sembled!
Revenge, Revenge!
BE secret be cautious, be terrible!
BY special grant, Hell freezes over
for your passage. Offended ghosts,
put on your skates and cross over to
mother earthl
Workl Work., Work! -
Double. double. toll and trouble;
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.
Ye white men who stick to black.
soulless beasts! the time arrives for
you to part. q. W. X. w. V. L., and
SO. from Omega to Alpha.
Cool II with a baboon's blood,
Then the charm is firm and good.
Begone. Begonc, Begone! The world
turns around--the thirteenth hour APP
proacheth.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

ton to "Ku Klux Nan." book by J..
G. Lester and ID. L. Wilson, and ex-
cerpts follow:
Its birthplace was Pulaski, the
capital of Giles. one OF the southern
tier Of counties In middle Tennessee.
Pulaski is q town of about 5000 In
habitants. Previous to the war its
citizens possessed wealth and culture
they retain the second--the first was
lost in the general wreck. The most
intimate association with them fails
to disclose a trace OF the diabolism
which. according to the popular idea,
one would expect TO find Characteriz-
ing the people among whom the Ku
klux Klan originated. A male COL
lege and a female seminary are To-
Gated at Pulaski and, receive liberal
patronage. II is a town of churches.
when the war ended the young
men of Pulaski. who had escaped
death on the battlefield, returned home
and passed through a period of en-
forced inactivity. In some respects
1t was more trying than the ordeal of
war which lay behind them. The re-
action which followed the excitement
of army scenes and service was in
tense. There was nothing to relieve
IL. They could not engage at once in
business or professional pursuits. In
the case of many business habits were
broken up. Few had capital to enter
mercantile or agricultural enterprises.
There was a total lack of the amuse-
ments and social diversions which pre-
vail wherever society Is in normal
condition.
"One evening In May. 1866, few of
these young men met in the office OF
one of the most prominent members of
the Pulaski bar. In the course OF the
conversation one OF the members said:
Boys. let us get up n club or society
OF some description The Suggestion
was discussed with enthusiasm. Be-
fore they separated Il was agreed TO
invite others, whose names were not
mentioned. 20 join them, and to meet
again tho next evening at the same
place. At the appointed time eight or
ten young men had assembled.
"a temporary organization was ef-
fccted by the election OF a chairman
and a secretary. There was entire
unanimity among tho members In re-
gard to the end in view, which was
diversion and amusement"
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

What success the Klan had in GUST
ing the Objectionable officials is not
disclosed. but Congressional testimony
shows that IL did terrorlze officials as
we'll as the negroes and carpet bag
gers"
As matter of historical fact, the
Klan originated as an amusement.
w. l.. Fleming, professor of history
of the University of West Virginia,
some years ago. wrote an interesting
account Of It's origin as an introduce
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

outrages of self-styled Klansmen, was
reorganized. 'Ttr'fe -
An enterprising reporter in 1858 in-
terviewed Gen. Forrest on the Klan
and extracted much information" but
when the General was. before the Ku
Klux Congressional Committee in 1871
lie would make only general state
ments and he evaded some Of the in
terrogations."
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Pays Little Attention to
Applause of His Audience

There were several jokes In Lenine's s
speech; and. though they were poor
ones, Lenine smiled at them himself,
his broad. homely face beaming pleas
antly as he did so. His German was
fluent, but seven or eight times he was
at loss for the proper German word.
and on several OF these occasions he
hesitated so long that the deep silence
in the hall developed almost into hor-
ror. Though practically every one
present was sympathetic to Lenine all
were watching him narrowly for any
sign. even the slightest. OF enfeebled
intellect or palsied body. AS a matter
of fact, there was nothing unnatural
or exaggerated in the hesitations of
Lenine.
In his appearance. his voice. his
manner. his movements and the
speech which reflected his mind there
was no sign Of paralysis, or perma-
nent weakening or incurable decay,
though there was perhaps a trifle
more gesticulation than the principal
Bolshevik leader is accustomed to
employ. Nor was there any self
consciousness whatever: q smaller
man. I think. could not help feeling
under the same circumstances. that
the occasion demanded a certain
grandeur of ideas and Of diction. but
Lenine indulged in no flights Of rhet-
oric and no striving after effects. He
had. apparently, judged 1t well to
communicate to his foreign audience
some very valuable reflections on the
Russian revolution, on the mistakes
the Bolsheviks had made and on the
bearing of these. mistakes on the
whole Proletarian movement through
out the world; and he communicated
that Information in as few and simple
words as possible. Having done so he
stepped away very briskly and re-
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

Con. w. J. Hardec of Alabama and
Gen. N. 3. Forrest were high officers
in the original Klan. Gen. Forrest
after investigation" consented TO be-
come Grand Wizard. He was initiated
by Capt. John w. Morton, his chief of
artillery of the civil war.
Under Forrest, according to the "Ku
Klux Klan" book, the Klan. rapidly
being demoralized by lawlessness and
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
FIRST KLUX KHAN WAS ORGANIZED

S. one, two, and three-beware!
White and yellow.
J. and Il P and l. be-
gone. The handwriting on the wall
warns youl
From the murderer's gibbet, throw
Into the flame. Come high and low.
BY order Of the Great
BLurusrIN.
G.S. xxx.
A true copy,
Peterloo.
P.S. xxx.
The Klan often resorted to news
paper notices to issue It's orders" and
warnings. In the Union (Tenn.)
Weekly Times of March II, 1871. there
appears this notice. calculated to
frighten school commissioners and
county commissioners out Of their
jobs:
HEADQUARTERS; NINTH DIvI-
SION, 8. c.
Special orders No. 3, X. X. X.
Ignorance is the curse of God
For this reason we are determined
that the members OF the Legislature
the school commissioners and the
county commissioners of Union, shall
no longer officiate. Fifteen U5) days
notice from this dato is therefore
given, and II they. one and all, do not
at once and foreuer resign their pres
ont inhuman, dIsgraceful and out
rageous rulo.. then retributive Justice
will as surely be used as night follows
day.
Also, "An honest man Is the nobles'
work OF God" For this season. II the
clerk of the said board OF county CON-
missioners and school commissioners
does not Immediately renounce and re-
linquish his present position. then
harsher measures than these will most
assuredly and ccrtdtniy)be used.
For confirmation, reference to the
orders heretofore published In the
Union Weekly Times and Yorkville
Enquirer will more fully and COM
pletely show our intention.
March 3, 1871. A. o.,
Grand Secretary.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Who Were in Original Kish:
All Six of Scotch-Irish Descent

Lester. one of the authors of the
book "Ku Klux Klan," was one of
the original six memb&s. The CO.
author. Wilson, was a minister and
resided in Pulaski, near Testers home
in 1884. Lester made fine record in
the Third Tennessee Infantry. was "a
lawyer and, at the time of writing the
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
The Folly Of ick-
ing Out a Career
for Ithe Son-the
Parents Part in
Higher Education

dents throughout the country have
given the college authorities a great
deal Of worry and perplexity on ac-
count of their excessive drinking. Be-
cause strenuous efforts are made to
abolish the disagreeable practice, and
because intoxicants are supposedly not
to be obtained. the students are all the
more interested in methods of out
whiting the authorities and of indulg-
ing in habits which are forbidden.
We are battling against very strong
outside impressions. concerning the
justice OF the laws and the interfer-
ence with the rights of people, impress
sions emulating from highly respected
citizens, from alumni and frequently
from the parents of the very boys
whom we are expected to prepare for
high positions OF responsibility and
service. was recently called upon 70
discipline a number of students for
drunkenness at football game.
was informed on good authority that
the chief offenders on this Occasion
were among the alumni who had been
out Of college for five, ten and twenty
years and who made no. attempt to
conceal the disgraceful part they were
playing in the days celebration. What
can college authorities do in the way
of correcting undesirable Tendencies
in the student If we cannot count on a
good example on the part of the grad
uate who should stand for the college
ideals?
We find it very difficult to make the
modern student understand the mean
ing and the Importance Of work, par
ticularly when it is called for in con-
nection with his academic duties. Ap-
parently he has natural distaste for
it. He seems to be under the impress
sion that it is not a necessity, and IL
he figures properly ii may be avoided.
When we stop to consider the atmos-
phere in which some Of these boys
grow UP it is not at all surprising. In
many homes the parents strive to re-
lieve their children of every burden
and Of every experience which calls
for genuine effort on their part. FIRE.
quently the boys grow up in homes OF
luxury where they learn to be waited
upon and relieved of every hardship.
There are no home tasks. they ride to
and from school in the family limou-
sine. They are not robbed of their
daily outing. and so the hours out OF
school are given to play and amuse-
ment, with very little call upon them
to shoulder any responsibilities.
There are parents SO conscious of
the significance of these influences
upon their children that they have
refused to adopt the extravagant
methods OF home living even though
they are abundantly able to do so for
no other reason than to save their
children from influences which ma>
be detrimental to their best educaticn
and development.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Dean Randall Of
Brown Univer-
sity Tells ofFaults
the Colleges Find
IN Raw Material
BY OTIS E. RANDALL.
Dean of Brown University.
x,r,v,y L.~t .x.-.5a v,,ap,Yfnrff1r.

~
IA ing plant is. naturally con-
4 a cerned about the quality of
the raw material upon which 1t is to
work and out of which are to come
! its finished products. Sometimes this
material comes directly to the plant
from the mines. the fields Or the forest
in its natural form. AgainSit comes
to the plant after it has passed
through other hands and has been
subjected to various transforming
processes which render the material
more directly usable. In thes latter
case deep interest is shown in the
natufa of these processes, lest the ma
terial, which may have been perfectly
acceptable in its original state, may
be subjected TO injurious treatment
and rendered undesirable and possibly
unfit for use.
Our colleges are in sense great
intellectual manufacturing institu-
tons. we deal with very precious
human material which comes to us
from all parts of the world and which
varies widely in quality. out of this
material we are expected to produce
human machines which shall stand
the highest tests and which shall eff
GENTLY meet the domplex and ever in
creasing demands of the world about
us.
This human material does not come
to us in it's original form, but is sub
iected to a great variety of transform
| ing or moldlng processes before it is
/ = s,fo xNrIn
profitably begin our work upon it.
The quality of the material in this
stage, which has so much to do with
the quality Of our finished product. de-
rends verv largely, if not wholly,
Upon Il eatment which 1t has re-
ceived before it is brought under the
inf o the college.
HL Ma rial Deserves as
Attention as Manufactures
| If the great leaders in the indus
| trial world have found it necessary to
make such a careful study of the ma
ture and the quality Of the raw ma
terial which enters into their material
production, should we, as leaders in
the educational world. show any less
concern than they about the quality
of the material upon which We are to
work and upon which the quality of
our output is so dependent? Ger
tainly we must expect the world to
discover gross defects in the educa-
| ton of men and women whom we are
trying to prepare for high and respon-
sible positions If we apply our higher
educational processes to the material
just as it comes to us, irrespective of
its quality and without making any
effort to eliminate the harmful agen-
cies which may act upon it In earlier
years before 1t is submitted to us.
The great increase In the number
of applicants for admission to college
In the last few years has forced many
colleges to raise the standard of ad-
mission In order to limit enrolment.
This has led to much more careful
examination of the students early
training and has brought to light
numerous defects for many Of which
the parents are directly responsible.
These shortcomings are sometimes due
to ignorance on the part of well
meaning parents. but more often to
inexcusable negligence. Long expert
ence In dealing with the admission, the
instruction and the discipline of stu
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
A Man of Many
&c stures, With
Little Regard for
Applause-He is
Guarded Closely

hand curved, the fingers together and
the thumb separate. Sometimes he
extended both hands in the same way,
one on each side of his body and
slightly in front of it, In the attitude
of a father receiving back prodigal
son. While in this position both arms
were sometimes moved rapidly up and
down number of times. Sometimes
he leaned forward on his desk with
arms folded, in the attitude of a pro-
fessor who is going to say something
confidential to his class, something
that he would not like to hear repeated
outside. Sometimes he bent forward
from the waist. rested his elbows on
his desk and joined both hands lightly
at the fingertips. Sometimes he
arched his right arm and pointed
downward vigorously and repeatedly
with his index finger. Sometimes he
hit the palm of his left hand with his
extended right hand, but he never hit
hard: there was no sound. Sometimes
he used his extended right hand as il
it were saw with which he was cut
ting off his left hand in the center.
Once he held both hands on each side
Of his head as II he were holding a
thread between the thumb and index
finger Of each hand. Once, when he
moved out from behind his chair, he
put his left hand in his trousers pocket
and kept pointing repeatedly down.
ward with his extended right hand.
Several times he suddenly stretched
his hand toward his audience, pointing
his index finger at them as If 1t were
a revolver. and looking for the mo-
ment like Lord Kitchener in the we'll
known English poster of 1915-'Kitch-
ener wants YOUi"
The New York herald., 1922-12-17

Copyright, 1899, bt THE NEW YORK HEkALD.
Moscow, Nov. 13.
r r Earring to-day. quite by acci-
II dent, that Lenine was speak
i ing at the Fifth Congress Of
the Third Internationale. hurried off
TO the Kremlin.
The difficulty OF seing Lenine Is
much less than it was two years ago.
though it is much greater than it was
in 1913, when he continually was
Grating in public and when people VINO
neglected to hear him were regarded
as disaffected. Then came the attempt
at assassination, which led to Lenine
becoming for a time very difficult of
access. When i was last in Moscow
he was expected to speak at the Opera
House where o Soviet Congress was
being held. but the day and hour at
which he would speak were carefully
withheld from every non Communist,
and 1t was not certain that he would
speak at all. The Opera House was
guarded on that occasion by a gang
of wild. excited troops. horse and foot,
who would not allow passersby to walk
on any of the pavements around the
Bolshoi Theatre, or even on the foot
path which ran in front of it but was
separated from it by a garden fifty feet
wide.
/ need hardly say that personally
would not approve of Lenine's assas-
sination, but there is no Government
in the world which would suffer more
than the Soviet Government by the
nF
of Lenine. though 1t would be followed
by terrible reprisals and by another
outburst Of terror. nevertheless might
lead to the disintegration of the whole
Bolshevik movement or to its collapse
at the next crisis of its fortunes.
There have been three such crises,
and on each occasion Lenine saved his
party, despite the fact that he had
formidable opposition from his princi-
pal colleagues. The first occasion was
in October, 1917, when he carried out
the revolution. though many favored
waiting and gradually sapping keren-
skys power. Lenine, however, is a
gambler with an Internally good judg
ment, and he struck just at the right
time. A months delay and he would
have had to reckon with a military
dictatorship backed up by the En-
tente.
The next crisis was the signature
of the Brest-Litovsk peace. which was
so humiliating to Russia that few of
Lenine's lieutenants were willing to
sign it, but had it not been signed
the Germans would have seized Mos
cow and squelched the Bolsheviks for
ever
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
'GermanComrade'
Addressin G the
International In
Krernlin Is the
Red Dictator
BY FRANCIS M'CULLACH

Copyright, 1899, By THE New yorK HEEALD
Moscow, Nov. 13.
The New York herald., 1922-12-17
Kisn Originated as Amusement,
But Grew TO Be Greatly Feared

Grand Secretary.