davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23
OWE lCEBOX TO BOSTON MAN
Stage Carpenter Conceived Household
Refrigerator Idea More Than
Se~venty-five Years Ago.

Fifteen years before the Civil wal
began. Darius Eddy, who was stage
carpenter at the old Boston theater,
completed the first refrigerator the
world had ever seen.
One day John Lodge, father OF Hen
nv Cabot Lodge, asked the young car
penter If there was not some way
that could be devised so that food
products could be kept and used dur
ing the hot summer months.
Eddy had an idea that If cold air
could be kept inside n container, ia
vorable conditions ought to prevail.
Tie experimental for days and weeks
until he conceived the Idea OF an air
light box which could be cooled with
Ice and would maintain Il steady tenn
oerature after 1t reached a certain
degree.
When the alright box was finished
ne showed It to Mr.. Lodge, and 1t was
put to the practical test. The results
were remarkable, and so far ahead OF
what Mr.. Lodge had expected that he
got the young carpenter to make sim
Oar boxes for his friends. Then Mr..
Eddy decided he would make refrig-
orators for everybody.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23

reading about in the papers anyhow
| thought everything was tight as a
clam down here after Mardi Gras?
It's still the Lenten season, isn't it?
Mardi Gras doesn't come more thar
once a year? Then what's all the cele-
bration ahout?'
The secretary smiled.
"Certainly, sir, it's still Lent. But
the French people have what they call
Mi-Careme, or Mid-Lent, and they GER
tainly give ii Il big celebration You
see, it's a night halfway through Lent,
when they can enjoy themselves to
the llmit-let of steam, as 1t were.
We're having several dinner parties
here in the club tonight, for the occa-
sion"
A slightly built little man. who had
much the air OF a shy clerk-had II
not been for his evening attire-ap-
preached the desk. He signed a check
for a handful OF cigars. which he
slowed away.
please provide a fresh box later"
he said to the secretary. Most OF
my party Is here. | believe"
"Tll send them up, Mr.. Fell" an.
swered the secretary. quickly. "Yes,
| think the dining room is all read,
for you, sir. by the way. Mr.. Gramont
was looking for YOU a moment ago
all! Here he comes now"
joachim Fell tuvned. Gramont was
plunging at him, n yellow telegraph
form in his hand, excitement in his
eyes.
Look here. joachim, This wire lust
came in from Iiammond-you know. ]
left him in charge of things down at
Bayou Terrebonne! Read ii, man
read it They've struck oil-Sands mt
five hundred feet-and sands at five
hundred, with these indications. Ii
means a guSher at a thousand
Where's Lucie? Have you brought herr"
shes upstairs. Well, we'll" ia
chin Fell glanced at the telegram, and
returned 1t. $50 oil is actually found
This is certainly going to be one big
night. Come along. Let's find Lucie
and tell her about it"
The two men turned away together.
1.-THE ENID
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23
"He Is So Handsome"

love orchards, but they also love all
country places and they like country
roads.
They love the country. SO do you!
That Is quite, qnite natural.
we care ii great deal about our
home. Your Old home, You know, was
beautiful, wasn't III"
Indeed it was" said Master Oriole.
eyes," said Mother Oriole, "hOw
much | do care for my home. An
Orchard Oriole always does.
ave always have homes which are
shaped like deep baskets. Almost any
one can tell an Oriole nest when see
ing one, because it IS SO deep.
"We make 1t of lovely soft grasses
which we fix together very carefully.
We don't rush In at the last minute
aud make u nest any old way at all
as sometimes the robins do.
"We are very particular and build
very, very carefully and perfectly.
"Our cousins who live down South
all the time, and who are known as
the Hooded orioles, have nests of
somewhat the same shape, but their
nests are made Of moss, and they
hang down from the trees.
"They are fond of bright colors, too.
They look something as we do, only
they are gayer and brighter In their
dress.
"The young master Orioles have
much the same ways as you have,
though. These cousins of ours, the
Hooded Orioles, make lots Of friends
where they live.
"The Mr.. Hooded Orioles wear
suits which are orange in color, rather
than reddish brown, as the Mr.. Or
chard Orioles care for.
But they do as we do-they eat
insects and are q great helm to the
people.
''Orioles are famous for helping peo-
pie. Not only do we dress nm and
wear pretty things. but we want to do
something worth while. too
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23

TIE smiled grimly at joachim Fell as
he waited. Two minutes passed
three-four. Then he heard the voice
of the governor again.
"Yes?"
"Don't arrest him, GramOnt."
"What?" Gramont gasped.
Don't touch him, l said. Get In all
the others, no matter who they are,
but leave Fell alone"
"YOu ID coward" shouted Ora
mont, in a heat Of fury. S this Is
the way you keep your promises, is it?
And | thought you were above all in
f%1uences real American! You're a
HI of a governor-Oh, l don't want
to hear any more from you
He jerked up the receiver.
There was a moment of dead silence
in the room. The chief mopped his
brow, in evident relief. joachim Fell
sat back in his chair and s%crutinized
Gramont with his thin-lipped smile.
Gramont sat helpless, wrung by cha
grin, rage and impotency. There was
nothing he could say, nothing he could
do. The man behind him had failed
him. The entire power Of the state,
which had been behind him, had failed
him. There was no higher power to
which he could appeal, except the
power of the federal government. His
head jerked up sharply.
EEL, I've got evidence on you, and
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23

YOUNG MASTER ORIOLE.

Mother" said young Master ORR
yet most of the Bird Boys l know look
like their dads?"
You look very much like me, it Is
true said Mother Orlole. You have
only been about now for two years,
and yc know that Is not very long.
But you Will change your suit soon.
Yes, o do look like me. You
wear pale yellow feathers and your
wings are Of pale gray.
but your throat and your face are
covered with black feathers, beauti-
fully glossy black feathers like your
Dad has.
"He is so handsome. l know OF no
Orchard Oriolc SO handsome. You
family?"
yes, l know" said young Master
Oriole.
your dad wears reddish and black
feathers. He dresses very slnartly. l
like Quieter clothes better. And he
Most Of the lady birds dress In very
quiet clothes. They like to do that
way.
"Now, you will be like your Dad be-
fore very long, before very long! And
the daughters will remain dressed In
the same kind of feathers as the
mothers wear.
"Of course, young Master Oriole, as
one would guess from your name you
lov the Orchard. That love Is born
IN YOU. All of the Orchard Orioles
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23
CHAPTER XVI
Mi-Careme.

A nameless gentleman from the eff
fete North was enjoying for the first
time the privileges Of a guest card at
the Chess and Checkers. In a some
what perpleXcd manner he approached
the secretary's desk and obtained a
cigar. Then he paused, listening to
the sounds OF revelry which filed the
club, and which came roaring in from
the city streets outside.
"Say!" he addressed the secretary.
Whats this Mi-Careme I've been
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23

Bud Thompson, who COWS wheat on
the same old ridge every year, and cuts
all that grows high enough to cut with
his old cradle, gave an interesting talk
before the Happy Hollow Sunday
school on the parable of the Sower,"
and connected it beautifully with the
old hymn, bringing In the Sheaves."
PARABLE: A Bible passage made
SO plain that the higher critics Of
today can't fully understand it. Bill
Sans Dictionary, page $50.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23

Over two hundred New Dwellings Built
during the past three years. Besides many
business Blocks and other Substantial I'm
provemeutS.
Beautiful trees line the streets and the
CITY presents q fine appearance, matted as
it is in the midst OF a fine growth OF shade
and ornamental trees. Her citizens are will
ing and ready to encourage and assist every
helpful industry.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23
BIRDS EYE VIEW OF BROOKINGs


aIRIb.S GYE VIEW OF RRooKINCs
One Florist
Two BANDS
Two Hotels
Ten churches
Five dentists
Candy Kitchen
Good creamery
Steam laundry
One ice nlant
Two osteonatus
Two state hanks
s25 oOo CitvUau
Chimes Iaundrv
Five restaurants
seven nhvsicians
Tbr.a drng st"ras
Tho taiIer shans
one gannral stnre
Tho cbirnnratar
Two roLarcnnists
Growtrg eyory a.
on 60
Eiva 49, ca,a
-Four Riniard HsIis
TT " r n,,iiaIp JAS
E",r NV nn,dr W
- W,
80 aLa Ctt
Ttya Nattanat
rvcI,sf"a 81 Ems -"
Three Grain EIayatnrs
sia5 0oo Cn,rt Honss
rno Surnirnro Gtor",
Tua ua.ann |,J.s@
-, i"ra Ju 7'r 'onn's
rour R""rrhty 'rOap
~ ~ uar
Tiro t,,iaan
tn. Nach tC%hn
r. '"op9
En,,r Rtsnksrni
~ EI,r,tn1
co. paor n -
Tm1G ST. pora So"
pns, CnbooI, g. ~. So
CD Uatar c,saoI
lix niIas poH. So
M@rhIa c 800 ~
n al a nlam'ae m"thS
81 $500.
Three Photograph GalIeriea
one Exclusive $ h ne ParIo,
one cents Furnishing store
One Cement BLOCK Factory
one Tea and coffee house
$4,000 Government Bull aims
Two Electric Supply Houses
Two Battery S~upply stations
One Harness and Repair Shop
state Circuit Court held here
4 .OOO Brick SchLI building
Three Mo-ipg Picture Theatres
$3.50. 600 H.gh school Building
Two Exclusive Clothing stores
Culhaue Adjustment COMPANY
Forty-hve Hundred Inhabitants
Educational Center OF the state
l4Oo students in state College
County seat OF Brookings County
United states Experiment station
Five Rural Free Delivery Routes
Free Delivery Service OF CITY Mail
High School on the Accredited List
over $1,000. 600 Invested in Education
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23
Soar and Sore.

JOe-How would you like to drop
200 feet with a parachute?
Pete-Td hate to drop that far with
out One.-Boys' Life.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23

1 was IN" head of a large organization
or criminals. Here, if | mistake not
are your Department of Justice
friends. Gramont.
a Knock at the door, and it opened
70 admit one of Gramont's men.
Here they are. sir-the chief agent
n a deputy. Shall | let them I'M"
Gramont nodded. Two men entered
the room, and Gramont dismissed his
own man with a gesture. He saw that
the agents both nodded to Fell.
DO you gentlemen know this mann"
be demanded, rising.
"les,' said one of them. regarding
him keenly. "Who sent for us?"
Il did Gramort gave his name.
n handed them his commission. II
have been investigating a lottery
which has been conducted in this state
for a long time by an organization
or very clever criminals. joachim Fell
is the man at the head of this organi-
cation. The lesser members of the
gang are in custody. The police de-
; i''t dIitNl llIlS MIN
FELL; his influence and that of his
gang is extensive in political fields and
elsewhere. | have called up the gov.
ernor, and have been told not to arrest
ann. ! have ~diSregarded these facts.
n | now call upon YOU to hold him
IN custody as "A federal prisoner. Now
go to it,"
The chief agent laid Gramont's
commission on the table and looked at
Jachin Fen. For an instant there was
a dead silence. Then. when the fed
eral man spoke. Gramont was para
lived.
Tin very sorry, Mr.. Gramont, to
have 10 refuse"
"Nhat!' cried Gramont, incredu-
lousy. do you dare stand there
and"
zone moment, please said Fell his
quiet voice breaking in. at is quite
true that | have organized all the
criminals possible. Mr.. Gramont. and
have put the underground lottery into
Il syStcnatized form. | have done this
~ ~ ""'"''iN vi 'he united STATES,
"'"' ~ "lliei''ho Neilpnls Ivy
m"'''''' anu ''ler men AT one crack.
lheN' -cntlemen will tell YOU that
am q special agent of the Department
N"p''H'" ~ 'n'' capacity
Ii'i'' VI 'u"Ee FORESTER
,'''' AN" i'Slt' 'ia'
"''" ~ se''et tha' NOT
W.. ... m~,,otanhln W..
be- ,,.r COMO ,,uet hooonoo awna
Of m. ,..r alanttv"
r..,
tom.,f. Ir.,,tnu sna,n 49, "u-
vo ~..,l1.,. Ioao, -
W.. t,, 49, ,aI,.
ou,.,a tn.t ro,o haa u''
Eou hor :, ,n,t e.
e+a,aa f.o,, maaaaN NUN ''
po,r.ai.
=" nv " ''o"'
49, n'" WY
r '" WIN
~ I'"'''i, why
VI, II ""n' ne
'' Ne' H"
49," I.'"' '""' even ~ ,i' ''iei
P"'!'i'" was
H. r,. Ean a Up
uorr,nu nan+h ,e,an .
w., .nr.nln ~ ',"'S
aanna.ina a.
go IN 80,
pii' '~"'' II n''n VIZ va" '""~'c"
'"o soNe'hIl'll 'oi S'"'H' anu NC
ga" nii''el iui'"""' Tagging "N' "
ilauiiian-
"laiiiolll HIS 'e"u mo HIS
minus. me palh Oh MS t"rE"''eh
Nouh"e" arm s'"poeu hiih IKE It khl'e'
ne Je'heu MS heau siiarplE up ana
vas aware ma '"e aE'n'S n"' "'P"'''
eu' ne was alohe WIN i"icle ana r'li'
"iiu ~ i"'lei was 'iSihs anu H"'"'hE
out MS MANU- s'iii'hE'
"iailoht' you No' "I''"u ~ me III
'lis ueai' anu 'oi'Srdiuia'e you WIN
an my heart! salu fei', earnestly.
Nei,her ol US SuSpected ihe parl
pia!cu ny me o'ier man pu' you We
zone lle work ana done IL wen. VIII
YOU SNAKE hahdS!
"raiiioht coillusediy TOOK the manu-
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1922-11-23
WHAT WE NEED

WHAT WE NEED
A Gas Plant
Canning Factory
More Business Enterprises
Another good Meat Market
More Manufacturing Enterprises
More Young People Who Want an Eccca
ton.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-05-31
Philadelphia, Wednesday, May 81, 1922

m Tomoow brings s Philadelphia l @ the great emDs For
and February for years. nllfSoav
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-05-31

Tub Broadcloth. White.
Jersey Weave. White.
Dress Satin. White.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-05-31

7 u b u ! q r
Tricol ! e t te.
S tr ect and
sport shades.
Dress Taf-
feta. Black.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-05-31

and black with white figures.
Japanese Habutai. White.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-05-31

for 81 all-silk Taffetas-plain and
changeable.
for $3.50 all-silk Canton Crepe.
Black, white and full range Of
G colors.
for 50 high-lustered Sports Satin
in black, white and full range
colors. =
for $3.50 White Sports Silk. At
tractive stripes and plaids.
for SO Sports Crepe with self
color satin plaid. Newest colors.
--Gimbels, Subway Stsre.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23
When a Factory Steps Out Front

Of Gillette Safety Razor Co.? It's 1921 bust
history Interesting record Tor period when
Industrial concer humping the bumps
in S10os56i S2Sos PAID
So cash and per possessing market value OF
a its balance sheet
of Pacific Northwest manufacturers
euRhtt % fin a useful
the 1921 business its is
business for the last decade show
game vcrth preceding year?
introducing improved
bd Emphateal not In
heightened Its selling
fwts@s stepped on" maehineand broke all records
establish the sort Of regulations as
the
and the determination to get
better made In
he's freight
craftsmanship applied to their marketing The star
Gillette methods methods
household words
powerful viii Northwest products
evusn he sam scale
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23

india In now on the road 10 hous
ruia- Her legislatures. for the flint
time In csnturiea. WELD real power
power growing stronger day BY
day. Her sons can now form citizen
armies 90 that home defense may
accompany homo rule. ana the
Prince Of wales 10 10 open the In
dian West Point where Indian
youths win be trained for the,
kings oommissionnA- True Indian
patriots stand for shs partnernhip
Of India and England For freedom
for India won by constitutional
meanA When India L. ready sbs
would b. tree within the empire.
an are Australia Canada and Ire
land
Gsndhi stands for direct action
as against constitutional progress
Mrs. B~sant IN q member OF the
British labor party and n supporter
OF Arthur Henderson. NJ y. She
was . friend OF Charles BrsdlsuEh.
Robert InEssoii. Herbert Spencer.
Huxley. Haeckel. Kari MARI. Bern
ard Shaw and all socialists who BE-
iievs In the application Of the Gold.
en- Rnie to business and industry.
In my view Of liberty.in-India. win
follow such q veteran warrior for
freedom .. Annie Besant. as against
the emotional f6ealis,--Gandhi.
JOHN WESLEY HoLWAY
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23
LHTERCt the To H/1M
Watch the Civil Service Board

officers and help clean up that rms
at headqunrterny Caldwell could DC
40 by appointing mcn on The civil
nervie. board who would not put hw
violators back on the force over The
chiefs head and encourage existing
conditions at headquarters.
A 20 the federal man. Strtson--"
HIS offic. sup.rior has been awake
20 conditions for months. Instead OF
running around the country looking
at the imaginary boundary line,
where the booticRgerH run tn booze
by the carload. he could start IN At
home and not go any further. and
ci.an up first, u. FLEMmfSu.
1905 Third ave
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23
Zoos Have
Defender Here

Editor The star
would like TO stafs my opinion
along with I. NJ Clarke and T.. A.
Kline about the roo. I arm a great
sdmirer and friend OF Wild animals
and birds. My interest has been
greatly cultivated by being around
where | could study them and their
habits In my sparc time.
wonder II Messrs. Kline and
Clarke ever stopped to think OF the
thousands, yes millions. Of people
who would never see such things
were II not for the MOO. And N Mr..
Kline goes there 10 mourn about
these things. I hope not II 10. did
they ever stop IN think how long II
would be before these animals and
birds go 20 the way OF the bison.
and passenger pigeon.
II r. only n question of years be
fore the prong horned antelope win
be extinct Thes, animals and birds
simply cannot live In their wild state
any more, when there arc 10 many
people ready TO kin them for trophies
OF tho hunt and tell big stories
how they got them.
IRWIN GEORGE,
f.T3 Woodland Park Ava
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23
France: Her
Danger; Why
She Is Tinid
nv AMATEUR ECONOMIST

The question thai looms The
iarress in EnrfAud's NE II com
neroa. the trading Of manufae.
tur~d goods for food and raw
m,Atoriaih This cosrfnercr Ia
Ensiand's very nfs and has
b>~n for hundreds % years
France has no economic auss
ssan 90 such inporsADoa ~
p~oh~bsy - esher nafseu. szcrps
the United stAfsA has ths nAt
urHl advantages thAi yrAons
haA
H~ ewus n~sds furxAuA sssd
fs~ hsv pecpiA hsr cnai m0ssa
fuei for the homs and power
for hsx industrSss. she has IN
abundant supply ef iron. and her
forests gfvv heg . considerable
amount of iumbrr. This very
abunfancs Of natural wealth
has In tho past bcen her great
ess danger.
n I. recorded that the peoples
from across ts-s Rhine have tn
vnded thu rich valleys % Franc~
on the average Of onc- Zach 10
years for the last 1000 years.
Very few OF her men. since the
time OF Christ have ever grown
TO manhood without knowing
firwf hand Of the horrors OF war.
The fear OF the German hordcs
is bred IN the bone OF the French
man. HIs passion for bis ma.
toms safety II his dominant
motive.
We havs rev traditions IN the
unifed States as To national pol
Icy. tn, principal ones are our
policy Of avoiding foreign ALI.
ancrs. and the Monroe doctrine.
no one can claim with aa~uranc.
that these policies have been
vital 10 our national life in the
past: but for ali that. those pol.
icies have become sacred TO us.
To suggest that we vary n little
from their past Interpretation
causes the atrongcst criitciarn.
II this In true OF our feeling To-
ward these policies. how much
stronger must be the French.
mans passion for his nation 70
prepare for this age-lonx strug.
Ele7
When tho afiis- wanted us 20
toin the rest % the world In an
attempt 70 put an end 20 war We
settled back In our hole and re-
fused at first 10 come out Now
tn. truth II that we have never
suffered from any foreign ALI.
ance In the past and that great
many OF our wisest Statesmen
feel that We can no longer keep
TO ourHelve. as W. have. or IA
We think we have. in the past.
Nevertheless. we arc ioath to
take this step. In all honesty,
can we blame the French for
listening to tho voices Of the ira
ditions OF thousands OF years OF
bitter experiences. whom we can
not mako up our minds TO only
the slight broadening OF one OF
our cherished polities1
I can understand why France
refuses 10 greatly reduce her
army until the rest OF the ma.
tons will agree TO help her n
attacked by Germany. but II I
was n Frenchman I am afraid
that II would DO hard for me 10
understand why friendly Amer
lea would not promise 10 como
to Frances aid In time OF
n~ccssity.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23

an India a. separate and imperial
a. purnacious Japan. Goodbye
EnalandF' he says. Now this has
already brought q religious war u
the Mniabar coast There the
Mohammedan .Moplas- ssize the
Hindus By the throat. "Rrp~at"
they cry. -'rhcrs 10 but one God.
and Mohsmmed II His prophet
II you refuse. dig your own grave
and We will bury you They have
killed scores 81 uiindus. raped tbs
women and looted their homes
These Mohsmmeaans desire the
aid Of the fanasicai AfKhans What
can be the resuity An awful To.
ligious war. with the death OF mil.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23
Sex and the Other Elements

be found In the length ~ their nidrts
or the height or their stockings
DO we accomplish virtue by cover
ing upf IL there not too much Ia
boo" about the socaiied relations be.
tween boys and girls. fiapperr ana
youngsters. men and womeng Are
not both sex~s poa1eased OF minds
and may they not meet on other
than physical rroundr1 And may
they not honestly seek one another
on such basisy why this synonym
Of aes with wickedneazr Why this
shock a, the discovery thas E'ris
have isEsr 70 have pianos and cent
pedaa.
II tho emphAsis were PLACED on
ART. beauty. fair dealing between the
individuals. or on strength. skiii. sxii'
ity. or harmony. would not the mat
ter Of SET arrange its own p@rrp~et'
I've and take IL own piaoe' q. q.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1922-02-23

Editor The Star.
Answering your editorial. who's
smuttyf- all about knee.ienrth
skirts. lipsticks. Jana. n deprsved
stage and blan- young things
would say,
DO not believe one generation 10
be any different from another. do
not believe the test of virtue II IN.
rolled stocking. do not believe
thcro Ia any more lust In land Of
female cisar~tsmokerr than In u
land Of palm singing and Sunday
|observs noes.
have a profound conviction that
ser n no, necessarily -rrnu,ty-. that
thoughts concealed are not neceear.
NY healthy thoughts: that clothes
and fashions are all matter Of reia.
,ivitv. that women win always be
desired by men. and that the msa~
ure OF their attractiveness IL not to