Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-08-22
US. TELLS GROWERS
TO WATCH ORCHARDS
urgss Great Carr In Choice Of
varsstiss; Says Market and
Yields Vary.

Federal experts IN the Department
q Agriculture point out that. ~ eom-
petition In the fruit industry becomes
Nero intensive. II 10 necessary Tor
growers to give moro heed TO tho
choice Of varieties ot fruit In their
oruharsip especially adapted to soil and
ks& requirements. A. Il requires sev-
srNl years to sstablish and bring an
orchard UP to the age OF production,
Il u not always possible to anticipate
tho rsQuiremsnts Of the market at
tho time OF planting The orchard. 1t
therefore becomes desirable In some
instances to change the trves which
have been planted from enc variety
to another better suited to the market
or home requirementa.
Besides tho question ot suitability
ot the variety 60 the needs OF the
market" "A statement from the Federal
Department Of Agriculture aays, "it
has bccn found with citrus fruits that
thcre arc strains OF otherwise good
varieties which do not produce paying
orops. When trees OF such strains are
found In the orchards in any consider
able number. tho production OF the
as IN quality. Ths makes such areas
loss profitable than they othsrwise
would be IL the unproduotivs trees
could be replaced by those which bear
ahundantly.
There are different methods ok 40
complishinU this result The importAn nj
thing. however, In 20 determine which
OF tho trees in tho variety list are
undesirable. Then tho orchArdist should
eliminate 'boardcr' by either xraftins
or budding into the tops OF the trees
which arc 20 Unchanged scions or buds
OF a variety cr strain known TO be-
adapted to tho requirements OF the
particular region and market.
In pear. apple or plum eress of ma
tufc size. the changing o< tho top from
one variety TO another ~ as a rule
most sAdacactU1ly accomplished by
olsft-Krafting. On younger trecs ths
same thing crn he accomplished either
by whip grating or by budding. With
peaches. however. Il is generally NOR
satisfactory to replace tho undestrAbl,
sirsbls sorts.
with citrus fruits. particularly OF.
anEos and lemons. the process rs ever
inHs simple than 81 is with apples
peaIv or plums. because Il Ia possible
very effectively 10 bud into tho bark o,
mature tfeN N thcss sorts. A bud
inArtsd into large frnmeworlxr
eanches make rapid growth. Il y
poMhae IN three years time actually
20 replace the head of q tree OF rathe,
usAkur~ axe by this process.
>oeAfting Of practically Al oylel
0AAptsd 30 the transformation of ma
suSo 6een must 10 carried on while
hs ereeo and the ecions to be used
ArS In their rsstinx or dormant coudi-
0or. On ths other hand. budding 10 II
thu main done during the period O,
aottve growth. while the bark Of tn,
reheAded. is, as tho nurser,-men ray
IN q condition to slip
When the operation ia properf,
pe3ormsd. and the condition OF tn
s6nok and the seton - satisfactory,
Oood ouddsr wfl ssoure ~ per cen
e = stand In his work IN citrus treoe
also IN certain species uS deciduou
treas. rnoh - peachsA apples. pear
and plume In the nursery row. In fac,
II IL usually oonetdered easier 10 ee
cure a 'Stan6 ot buds or scione or nur
sary stock than upon more matur
plAntinSs.
Those having trees which arc no
producing satisfactory varieties. an
thoo> having oeodfnr trace ,rh;oh -,
6 no value because OF the ,nfer,oric
of the fruit. can by budding or graf,
inS those individuals with scions @
buds OF desirable varieties make ther
productive unfts In tho home rru,
planting or In the commercial OF
chAxxi."