davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Williams news., 1922-03-03
NEW VARIETIES OF OATS

The production of high-yield-
 ing verieties of oats for various 1 conditions has been the prin-
 cipal problem inconnection with
 the seeding of spring and win ter oats during the past year by
 the United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation
 with State agricultural expert
 ment stations. Practically all
 of those so far produced have
 been pure lines selected from commercial varieties, but efforts
 are also being made to combine
 the different qualities of good
 strains by hybridization.
 Studies are being carried on
 in cooperation with cereal dis
 ease workers on the resistance
 of oat varieties to stem rust.
 crown rust, and smut. The few varities which appear 10 be resistant to these diseases are not commercially important. and are being combined with better commercial varieties in the hope of producing resistant strains which will produce high yields of good quality.
 have been named and distri- buted to farmers through the Cornell University agricultural e4o the Cornellian, Cromwell, Standwell, and Empire. The Cornellian is comparatively early variety with certain draw backs which suggest the need for Liberalization with some of | the better varieties of white | oats. Cromwell, Standwell, and Empire are selections from white oats which are giving favorable results in diff ferent sections of New York. |
 The Iogren, a high-yielding selection from Green Russian, one of the mostpopular varieties in northern Iowa, was first dis tributed in 1921 through the Iowa station. This variety should be valuable in northern Iowa, southern Minnesota. and in other States with similar eli matic conditions. The Ida mine, a high-yielding, pure-line from Silvermine, de- veloped at the Aberdeen Gda- ho) sub-station, was first distri- buted in 1921, when several hundred bushels were availab ble This oat should prove popular generally for growing on irri- gated lands in Idaho and ad- oining States.
Williams news., 1922-03-03

, shareholders to direct 25 or 30 or 40
 per cent of an industry, and wrong for
 hundred thousand cooperative
 farmers to control a no larger propor-
 ton of the wheat crop, or cotton. or | any other product?
 The Department of Agriculture is
 often spoken of as a special concession to the farmers, but in its commercial
 results. 1t is of as much benefit to the buyers and consumers of agricultural
 products as to the producers, or even more I do not suppose that anyone opposes the benefits that the farmers
 derive from the educational and re-
 search work of the department, or the
 help that 1t gives them in working out
 improved cultural methods and prac-
 tices, Tn developing better yielding va
 rieties through breeding and selection,
 in introducing new varieties from re-
 mote parts of the world and adapting
 them to our climate and economic con-
 dition. and !n devising practical meas
 ures for the elimination or control of
 dangerous and destructive animal and
 plant diseases, insect pests, and the like All these things manifestly tend to stimulate and enlarge production. and their general beneficial effects are obvious.
 It is complained that, whereas the law restricts Federal Reserve banks to three months time for commercial paper, the farmer is allowed six months on his notes This is not a special privilege, but merely such a recognition of business conditions as makes 1t possible for country banks to do business with couhtry people. The crop farmer has only one turn over a year, while the merchant and manufacturer have many. Incidental | ly, I note that the Federal Reserve | Board has just authorized the Fed | eral Reserve banks to discount export | paper for a period of six months, to conform to the nature of the busi- 1 ness.
 The Farm Loan banks are pointed to as an instance of special govern ment favor for farmers. Are they not rather the outcome of laudable efforts to eQualfZe rural and urban cOndi- tions? And about all the government does there is to help set up an ad- organization and lend a little credit at the start. Eventually the farmers will provide all the capi- tai and carry all the liabilities them selves It is true that Farm Loan ponds are tax exempt: but so are ponds of municipal light and traction plants, and new housing is to be ex- ,mpt from taxation, in New York, for en years.
 On the other hand, the farmer reads # plans for municipal housing prof .cts that run into the billions, of hun Ireds of millions annually spent on he merchant marine; he reads that he railways are being favored with ( increased rates and virtual guaranties t f earnings by the government. with s he result. to him of an increased. toll '
Williams news., 1922-03-03

on all that he sells and all that he
 buys. He hears of many manifesto
 tfons of governmental concern for par
 tfcular industries and interests. Res
 cuing the railways from insolvency is
 undoubtedly for the benefit of the
 country as a whole, but what can be
 of more general benefit than encour-
 agement of ample production of the
 principal necessaries of life and their
 even flow from cOntented producers to
 satisfied consumers?
 While it may be conceded that
 special governmental aid may be nec-
 essary in the general interest, we must
 all agree that it is difficult to see why
 agriculture and the production and dis
 tribution CT farm products are not ac-
 corded -he same opportunities that are provided for sother businesses: espe- cially as the enjoyment by the farmer of such opportunities would appear to be even more contributory to the gen. eraI good than in the case of other industries. The spirit of American democracy is unalterably opposed, alike to enacted special privilege and to the sPsciai privilege of unequal op- portunity that arises automatically from the failure to correct olarina economic inequalities. am opposed te the injection of government into business. but I do believe that it is an essential function of democratic gov ernment to equalize opportunity so far as it is within it's power to do so. whether by the repeal of archaic statutes or the enactment of modern ones. If the antitrust laws keep the farmers from endeavoring scientifically to integrate their industry while other industries find a way to meet modern conditions without violating such stat uteS. then it would seem reasonable to find way for the farmers to meet them under the same conditions. The aw should operate equally in fact. Re pairing the economic structure on one side is no injustice to the other side. which is in good repair.
 We have travelled a long way from he old conception of government as merely defensive and policing agency: md regulative, corrective, or eQualiz- ng legislation, which apparently is of
 special nature. is often of the most eneral beneficial consequences. Even he First Congress passed a tariff act hat was avowedly for the protection f manufacturers; but protective ariff always has been defended as 1eans of promoting the general good trough a particular approach; and he statute books are filled with acts or the benefit of shipping, commerce. nd labor.
Williams news., 1922-03-03

hfglf prices and low.
 While, in the main. the farmer must sell, regardless of market conditions, at the time of the maturity of crops, he cannot suspend production in toto. He must go on producing if he is to go on living. and If the world Is to exist The most he can do is to curtail pro- ductfon little or alter its form, and that-because he Is in the dark as to the probable demand for his goods may be only to jump from the frying pan into the fire. taking the consumer with him.
 Even the dairy farmers, whose out put Is not seasonal. complain that they find themselves at disadvantage in the marketing of their productions, especially raw milk, because of the high costs of distribution, which they must ultimately bear
Williams news., 1922-03-03

Williams experienced very cold weather the fore part of the week. On Wednesday the sun came out. And the tenn perature has steadily risen.
Williams news., 1922-03-03
III

Now that the farmers are stirring
 thinking. and uniting as never before
 to eradicate these inequalities, they are subjected to stern economic lec- lures, and are met with the accusation that they are demanding, and are the recipients of, special privileges. Let us see what privileges the government has conferred on the farmers. Much has been made of Section 6 of the Clayton Antitrust Act, which pur- ported to permit them to combine with immunity, under certain conditions. Admitting that, nominally, this ex- emption was in the nature of special privilege.-thOugh I think it was so In appearance rather than in fact,-we find that the courts have nullified 1t by judicial interpretation. Why should not the farmers be permitted to ac- complish by cooperative methods what other businesses are already doing by cooperation in the form of incorpora- tion? If it be proper for men to form, by fusion of existing corporations or otherwise, a corporation that controls the entire production of a commodity, or large part of It. why is 1t not proper for group of farmers to unite for the marketing of their common products either in one or in several selling agencies2T Why should 1t be right for a hundred thousand corporate
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10

state at this particular time is indi-
"ative of the urgent demand for
speeding up our highway construc-
ton
Poorer Counties Out Of II.
Il said the Robertson act is of
honh'tul eNpedienry because II en-
ahles the richer counties or cities to
secure a marked advantage over tho
poorer ones. Take the Pcninsular
highway for instance: while inpor-
tant II is not so important as tho
hicnm"nd- Washington Highway. aud
Net under our present law. Il will
Nr"hably he completed long before
the latter because the cities of Mo-
i"IN. Newport News and Richmond
VIII advance the necessary funds to
inc state. | make no criticism Of this
or of similar action in other sections.
provided always the fact Of these adj.
vancements Is not used as All argu-
mcnt in future effort to secure al
locations from the state ahead of the
time when they would ordinarily be
made TO the sections involved but
feel perfectly sure that such er-
forts viii be made and tina, the high
way commission will find =, difficult
operation cf the Robertson act viii
hiring intense dissatisfaction. ard ~
should tie repealed as soon As the
state nervee itself to issue bonds
Better bond issue "0uitahly dis
rthuted to ALL sections than svs-
tenn of spasmudic borrowing. even
though 10 interest is paid. which
enables tho richer sections to secure
roads now. while the poorer sections
must wait. Ave. ten or hfteeu years
for equal hnncltS So. aside from
what may he loaned tho state ncNt
YEAR under tn" Robertson act ,and
THIS must he paid back ont az cur
r"nt funds In some future year or
Years. thus decreasing TIA" amount
available for actual construction in
those y"3rs). Virginia has a pitjfully
small amount to spend in 1923.
solution Is n"nd Issue.
Tho solution is IN" bond issue
winch was approved 10y TIA" senate
a. the regular session. II will serve
no useful purpose TO repeat here the
arguments for and against an !sSu-
pnce of bonds. Sunic" II To say that
q bond issue can be adequately
financed without general property
taxation by tn" proposed gasoline
tax. that tho bonds need carry No
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10
SAMUEL GOMPERS CHARGES WALL STREET
IS THE INCUBUS ON AMERICAN INDUSTRY

cation Thor" has boon striking
dev" 'opmcnt or compromising forces
MASS production can exist ONLY IN
connection with mass appetite. aud
mass appetite can got Satisfaction
only through mass production and
adequate compensation
Wages and working conditions hc
come factors ~ tho first Importance.
Relations between workers mud CIV,
pioycrs become of m ir,or.,,r.
oGual TO Diplomatic relations hct>con
hainns. The relations between the
railroads and Tho railroad workers
are az great deal moro momar, TO
millions ~ people than arc tho reia-
'ions between tho United states and
many Of III" nations Of tho Garth.
Such relations. - serve modern in o.
d"strial conditions. must hc cast IN
accord with today's conditions T,hay.
cannot he cas-, in accord win co,di-
tons that existed before NO Lrnw
awning about great factories. be
Tor" We had electricity and s,os-,
Nor can they be cast IN accord Win
the general concern ~ human -e,a
lions that existed bA'ore The masses
81 the people came - comprehe nd,
what Is meant BY democracy
The Logic Of urgnniYntjop.
Where groups of men, or masses Of
- ~ ehNi'NeT IN Il single in =
nustrE' frequently by n single en-
nioyer-and that Is the case in tho
case NJ modern industry there must
10 compensation for tho cr,,,
chanCe that has come over tho nro
nucinS power OF the Individual and
over tho actual distance between ON
pioEer and worker. As rlat,or ~
TACT. 'he employer ~ old has disar-
Deared The function Of tho ON
ployer has hecn divided There arc
now tn" great financial Investors and
ne management. MANAGEMENT has
direction ~ operations IN tho indus
try The great investors. ms every
one knows furnish money to indus
Try IN return for stocks or bonds
demanding dividends in return.
Confronted with such comrlcH
situation. IN" Individual workman is
helpless III" must either he a serf-
IKE dumb brute. vojcclc.s. surron.
derinE AL Thought oc either protest
ing against Injustice or uf contrib.
HtinG intelligence aud Initiative 10
tho productive force Of which he is :;
r"ri. or join with his fellows. and
IN thoir collectively attain tho Statue
to resent iujustic" and attain faf,
cons Iteration or his rights Tv,
things civ" him 4 resentment against
III" status OF surfdon. one is eco.
monte pressure. urciuc him constant.
" I" oppose rntroEroSS and :,
strive for Improvement, The other IS
'ha pv:NOs" - exercise cifizore
rights In their b.oadcSt INTERPRET.
'i"n-'h" PURPOSE 10 practice do.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10

ioih last winter. and II Is pretty gen
orally conceded that the sucCers uy
hts administration will be largely
measured by the progress Virginia
makes in io2?-23-24 and 1925 in road
construction. No one knows this bet
ter than tn" Governor. and no one
knows better than h. that the bond
ISSUE spells success. while any other
method so far suggested. Inevitably
spells failure. Why. then. the delay
which leaves the newly organized
highway commission very much IN
the condition ~ manufacturer who
has built his factory. Installed eSpen-
sive machinery and organized for
business. hu, finds himself unable 20
utilize his factory. rachincrr or or
SANITATION because OF paucity OF
funds
According ~ Tho writer's Informal
ton. \ constitutional majority %. Tho
Senate nov stands rcady 10 vote for
the bond hill at an extra session.
Notwithstanding tho loss OF three
bond votes since m" regular session.
TWO hv tho death or Senator'S Gravatt
and Torh"tt. AMI one by the resignn-
tion NJ Senator Rison. According 10
this same Information forty or moro
members 0f tho House have advised
tho Governor NJ their readiness 70
support similar program. and in
my opinion all that liz now necessary
IN s"cur" favorable action ~ tho
hands ~ ho'h housos IL for tho Gov
ernor 10 iako the lead IN This night
and actively throw tho weight Of hi7
recognized influence In tho scale. 40
political considerations are sufficient
" w"iGh'y To hold up even for a fcw
months progressive state vide
Nh Inc
"'rh" tim" for action l. now Each
days further delay hut Increases the
difficulties OF tn. highway commits
sion and tcoparhizc- tho program FOR
1929 Is II too much 20 nsk that
with tho beginning ot tho fall sea-
Son. every good road. factor. from
tn" Governor. as commander In chief
10 the humblcst pr vat" in tho ranlr.
got into action Lot thu Governor
remember TINT his campaign slogan
vas Forward. Not Backward Here
ia his opportunity to mako this In
sp!-!nE slogan effective"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10

"f humans. Not even it's stoutest
defenders or advocates will deny that
an error Of Judgment may at some
tim" have occurred. hut taking group
with group. and comparing each with
tho other. there has been loss of CIR
'"r and less OF dishonesty. more
Of high moral aim and purpose. more
OF honesty and integrity. in the much
misunderstood and much misrcpra.
sent"d organized labor movement
than rr"por,i"natcly In all Of our
complex society.
w" are In the midst 81 a dc
rol"ptnE process. We have left much
behind. hut the hest is before MS
workers yrarn for every good thing
N"arn !" live creditahly. y"arn to do
thos" things which arc followed hv
sens" " satisfaction and at times
by cxaltatIon.
RMS Is something about labor tina,
ought to Ia understood. because /,
offers to society great hone for a
great achievement and future.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10
Asserts Demand for Dividends
Is Chief Source Of
Troubles.
IN tho most important
sphere Of hiq existence.


Sph"r" or hiG existence.
The Chnncr to lie Heard.
Tho result NJ these forces and
these factors is organization FIX
pericncn has taught workmen that
tn" trade union Is tho most -ervice-
ahl" and practical form Of orsanizs-
ton. The trade unions came. not by
decree or by accident. They came
IN response tn definite demands and
requirements They came 20 give tho
worker a chance to exercise voice
~ determining the terms and condi-
tons under which he shall give SER
vice IN industry
II the democratic principle 'e right
anywhere. II Is tight In industry. The
trade unions rest their whole claim to
right 10 exist upon the funda men
tai riEhtness of tho democratic prfn-
ciple. The reason for It's existence is
founded I'm industry Itself
Trade unions function through
agreements with employers in which
certain stipulations arc set forth as
10 terms and conditions ~ work
Employers. resisting eucroachment
upon autocratic control following
every historic precedent have
looked upon trade unions as "rsan'-
cations which sought to infringe
upon lnr nFPTrEl'iNHS OF employers.
They have chosen 10 see only the ro-
Sistance side of trade union possi-
hiiitics.
!, The reason that high huarcicrs
take AND hold this point ~ view Ia
clear They SEQ only profits.
Partnership in "Scr,ire."
But management occupies a some
what different sphere. Management
AT It's best must look frs; =" SCR
vice, tn production, To general we'll
[ being Unions offer to management
/ the release Of a vast creative force.
Il great good Will a great initiative.
/ As rapidly as management can he
! freed from financial control which
/ secs profits first and service after
/ wards. management and trade unions
/ Will develop a Co-opcrativ" - latiou-
! shin that viii inject into industry
| something akin :" spiritual quality.
| some industries now approach this
| state Of hcinc
The good will. tho creative en-.
ercy in fun f.wer. tho Initiative
and en'hus' asm "f workers in an
| industry can he given To Industry
only through Organization and good
relationship.
Organized Labor is an institution
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10

hnN ot tourists who will visit Wiz
Einia when her great historic and
scenic attractions arc placed within
reach Of the visitor by such sNs-
tom OF roads. will leave within the
stat" money sufficient ia more than
nay tho Interest on any reasonable
maximum "f bonds which the Con.
cral Assembly may decide upon. To
poS'p"n" the States development
through a period "f fifteen years.
Wh'le other states push along In the
an. seems almost criminal folly.
Such delay VIII result In seriou.
TOSS L" the state and its local units.
Wiley Is inaccessible.
ne writer has Just spen, two
weeks IN the beautiful Valley o. Viz
s'nia' ENJOYING Its delightful climate
Shn wonderful scenery but I'm order
TO reach my destination. 7 had IA
travel NIFTY miles out OF the wav ~.
cause of uncompleted sections Of the
STATE system between Frederickshury
ana Sulpeper. Sperryville and I,uray
Lpray and New Market In tho Same
way the Valley Ia inacces.ibIs 10
Norfolk Richmond. and indeed all
NJ Eastern Virginia. wher. :, nor
cent Of the people know po,bi,y .,
N" Valley save bv reading and bcnr
say. ne southeastern section w,r',
I've In touch With the Valley or m.
Valley with Il until the Richmond
Charlottesville road IL compicted. and
so II goes Every section Of the state
is cut IN more or less from ev.ry
other section by uuimproved links
IN the highway svrtom
How long will We permit this con
dillon 10 continue. when (. may h.
quickly corrected by ,ho gasoline IN,
ana bond Issues. financed by THIS lax
\" ono disputes the fairness OF such
n tax. II places tho burden OF ananc-
Ing our HIGHWAY system on those
"h" use IN" roads ana In proportion
10 their use. thus tho man who
drives 5000 miles per year pays only
one half the tax paid by his neigh
hor who drives 10000 miles IN sim
i!a- car. and the man who drives "A
light car 5000 miios paws loss than
ms reiEhhor VINO drives iikc dis
tame" In heavy car. tho gasoline
consumption Of which Is greater
Vigorous Action imperative.
apparently. In spite Of an ever
increasing sentiment FOR tho bond
Issue" both In the cities aud counties
"c hay" reached an !mpasse and VIZ
"r"Gs action on tho part OF al! in
t"rcSicd In good roads Is ,npcrativ.
Governor Trinkl- definitely commit,
ted his administration to the hon.
'SSi" tn his splendid speech a; Nor
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1922-09-10

nigh rate OF interest ,perhaps 4 to
I LIZ per cent will SUFFICE. that they
can he sold ~ par and that unless
construction by bond Issue he adopted.
NirHinians must wait at least fifteen
years. perhaps much longer. for a
completed highway system. and no
one knows how much longer s,ill for
any sc"nsiderab construction NJ the
so-chNcd feeder roads. This fact
should also he borne in mind IN tho
consideration of this vital question.
to-wit: Virginia Is setting out 10
hnild permanent all-.ime system
or hard surfaced highways connecting
all parts Of the state When com
pletcd there should he no further
construction problem so far as this
particular system is concerned We
VIII have the grades. the rights Of
way and practically all mero-k NJ
stcne foundation. leaving nothing 10
the futur" except the problem of
resurfacinE from time 10 time. which
is maintenance. not construction
or reconstruction problem ard which
has wisely been provided for nv al
location Of the entire automobile
Incense tax to maintenance alone
phiS equitable Plan.
II ] am correct in NV premisa
then Il follows that the bond Issue
plan Ia the only equitable on. ~ lol.
LOW. otherwise tho ray-as YOU go
plan VIII "rowd down upon tho
shoulders of tho present generation
OF taxpayers. the entire burden Of
cost Involved in building p"rma-
h"nt system OF roads. whi.h vii he
handed down 10 future generations
fire." OF all cost and with only tho
responsibility OF maintenance from
year I" year. In other words ""
VINO arc fortunate enough t. live.
say hft"cn years longer. will h"
i"r""d TO pay Ia that time tho cost ur
a completed highway system. to he
largely enjoyed by those who follow
as free OF construction cost. Ry the
h"nd-!ssue rian. present and future
taxpayers viii both c"utrihu'" to the
ultimate cost and both classes viii
enjoy tho roads. since The system
can tie completed in. say. nvc TO six
years
1t seems sup"rnI"us TO urge the
great h"nchts financial social. cdi-
cational and general. which viii fo!-
low in the wake uC a completed
Statewide system OF roads la view
OF the experience Of other states. II,
has been asserted. and perhaps with
owt extravaganza. rhac1Hc added in