New-York tribune., 1922-03-11
Candlni Sought
To End British
Control lin East
Backed by Moslems to Force
Restoration of Sultan in
Turkey and Also to Gain
Religious Privile gcs
Called The New Tolstov'
Peaceful Revolt" Caused
Biggest Stir in India
Since the Sepoy Mutiny

d, leader OF the Nationalist movement in
india who was arrested yesterday, is
really the leader of all the anti British
elements in India who arc intent upon
/ breaking the grip of Great Britain on
the East and giving India self detcrmi-
nation. Although a Hindu himself. he
is by alliance the leader Of the Mos
lens in his country. for they see in
his "pacifst revolt" the key to the
restoration Of tho temporal rights of
the Turkish Sultan. These Mahome-
tans hope, by following Gandhi in his
revolt against British rule, to compel
Great Britain to revise the Treaty of
Scvrcs, restore their shr,nes Of Medina
and Mecca to the Caliph, and give the
head OF their church once more full
sway in Constant;nople
Gandhi has been IN jail before for
his beliefs. having served terms in
South Africa fifteen years ago for
leading passlve resistance movement
against the legal obstacles under
which Indians in that country sbored.
Ills movement there was successful in
that these legal restrictions were re-
moved
Once Believed in British Rule
AZ that time Gan6hl ras a believer
ia British dominance IN India. Hut dur
ing tho World " ar I've became Convinced
that Great Britain was misru,ing India
and ne set about 20 achieve selfde
tCrnna zion FOR his country. Opposed
10 force in any form, he seized upon
the non Co ops ration movement as the
means by which lndias dreams could
bn realized. Instead Of offering rcsis
tance. he gathered Il group of followers
and began preaching the doctrine Of
refusing 10 cooperate with the Brit
jsh IN any way. His theory spread
rapidly. The Moslcms seized upon it
IS a possible means OF achieving their
ends. and an alliance between the
tl.udGy and Mahomctars vas formed
indicative Of Gandhi's campaign are
his own words:
"As a nop-co-o operator neither own
ror d;eovn George as my king. | have
Gissociated myself from the system adj
miuistcred under the Kings name.
keep myself free to give allegiance TO
h,n If can attain my full growth IN
his kingdom and Can secure full re
dress OF the Caliphate and Punjab
wrongs
This is tho policy being followed by
She Ghandsts. No other movement has
made such stir among the 3l3,oO0o 900
Indians since the days OF the Sepoy
mutin,.
Called New Tostoy
Gsndhi has been called philosophic
anarch st. new Tolstoy He became
more dominant than ever in the cam
paign against British rule in India
when. in December last the Indian
National Congress in its annual ses-
sioa at Ahm edabad invested him with
the sole executive powers Of that CON
gress. with authority to appoint his
successor IN any emergency"
The congress voted to suspend all
other activities in order to concentrate
upon civil disobcdience. which included
refuSa to pay taxes and an attempt
to boycott British goods
Soon after the congress adjourned
Gandh sent a manifesto to Lord Read
ing. the Niceroy, offering to abandon
aggressive plans provided the govern
ment set free his followers, many hun
dreds OF whom were in prison. and pro
vided the press were released from ad
mini strative control and fines and for
textures were restored.
The British India office promptly
announced that it would not discuss
such demands and that it intended to
adopt stern measures TO suppress the
campaign of civil disobcdicnce.
thousands of persons were reported
tC have been arrested in India under
this policy. and Gandhi's arrest was
daily expected. There wa an outbreak
or violence and seventeen native DO
licemen were killed in riot at Chauri-
Chaura. on the Bengal Northwestern
Railway.
The working committee Of the In
dian National Congress soon afterward
voted to suspend the civil disobedience
campaign Until the wave Of violent
feeling had passed.
Did Penance for Riot
Gandhi announced at Bombay that
te had begun five days fast as a
romance for the rioting at Chauri-
Chaura and "as punishment for those
who committed the brutal murders"
there lheYeupon, Ihe British Secre-
tary OF State for India, Edwin S. Mon
tagu. announced that the government
proceedings against Gandni had been
suspended because Of the cessation of
civil disobediencc
During the Indian tour of the Prince
Of Wales the Gandhists have carried
on their campaign by boycotting the
royal visitor When he entered certain
cities ne found tina. q "nartai' had
been proclaimed and that the only per
sons on the streets to welcome MIN
were Europeans. All natives stayed in
doors. These boycott efforts we more
or less successful ia the cite where
the nationalists are most numerous,
but IN many places the natives disre-
eerdcd the 'hartal' mandate and joined
in welcoming the prince.
Studied Law in London
Candhi has been described as dark
little Wisp Of man. who has tasted
SO long and often that he is physically
& mere snadoW OF Il man. He vas born
ffty-two years ago in the Bombay pres
ldcncy. the son OF Hindu merchant.
He studied Law and finished his legal
training in London, where he donned
the European dress. He has said that
ne drew the inspiration for his move
n.ent from the New Testament, Cnrist's
Sermon on the NJ cunt and from Tolls
toy The Kingdom of God is Within
You
Tie IDEA OF self-determination had
taken deep root IN India and il burst
into fame when 500 Indians were
Killed aud 1000 wounded in the Anrit
sar uprising and Indians Of the Punjab
were made to craw! through certain
streets IN humiliating punishment TO.
rioting
Gradually Gandh assumed direction
Of the campaign OF protest against what
have been called "the Punjab atroci
ties. and his sway over the millions
Of HlndUs has st,ndil,, oained fcrc.