davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-02-26
How Observation-Disclosures Clauses
C0mplicate Task Of Framing Tariff

concession was freely made, or on al
concession was conditional" The Ian
guage employed was "the most favor
ed nation clause, so called.
has come down from early CONNER
cial eras, before the period of mod
ern nations. of industrialism or tar
ifs. The European practice was
founded on what was then known as
Commercial liberalism" which now
Is denominated otherwise. Each state
desired the same concession granted
to any other state. All instrument
was devised to automatically secure
to newly contracting states the bene-
fits of concessions previously made t..
other states. That instrument was
"the most favored nation clause"
which is found in nearly all American
commercial treaties. 1t was trans
planted from Europe to America.
In one form or another, this for
mula was inserted in commercial
treaties subsequently put into force
by the United states Our treaty OF
"amity, commerce and navigation"
with the Netherlands in 1872 provided
that mo other or greater duties or
imports of whatever nature shall be
paid than those which the nations the
most favored are or shall be obliged
to pay; and they shall enjoy all the
rights, liberties, privileges, tmmuni-
ties and exemptions in trade, naviga-
ton and commerce which the said ma
tions do or shall enjoy" Our COM
mercial treaty with Sweden in 1888
contained the same provision sub
stantially. Our treaties with Prussia
in 1885, in 1893 and In 1928 gave mu-
tual concessions, the last embodying
the most favored nation" clause. Gu.
treaty with France in 1900 also con-
tanned the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS."
clause in these. words: 1.-THE two par
ties shall enjoy in the ports Of each
other, in regard to commerce and
navigation, the privileges of the most
favored nation" Our treaty with
France in 1903 concluding the pur-
chase Of the Louisiana territory. said
that "the ships Of France shall be
treated upon the same footing of the
most favored nations in the ports
above mentioned" Our treaty with
Great Britain in 1915 provided for
most favored nation treatment"
4 X y
For many decades no single feature
of modern commercial treaties has
occasioned more or greater difficult
ties of interpretation than the pledge
known as the "most favored nation"
clause. Obviously its intent is to as
sure to each party signing the treaty
that 1t has been put by the other ma
Evening star., 1922-02-26

dividual money lenders, whose rates
are usurious. The average bank rate
Is 9 per cent and that of money lend
ers 10 per cent and upward. The
country has practically no capital of
it's own and its resources are negli-
gible.
The five banks at present establish
ed in the country make almost exclu-
sive use of foreign capital: four of
these a'S branches Of well established
and pr : porous international banks,
which are naturally guided by hard
business facts in the capital allotted
for employment in Palestine. The
Zionists may provide some capital
from sentimental reasons, but the new
bank for mortgage loans will depend
to an important extent upon Ameri-
can money.
Mortgage loans will receive first
consideration by this. new bank. and
then will come long-term farm mort
cages. There is no immediate need
of Industrial credits. as the popula-
tion is only 100000 and consists
mostly OF the peasant type.
Evening star., 1922-02-26

called flexible tariff" may be argeed
to by the Senate finance committee,
giving the President authority (after
hearings) to proclaim an increase or
decrease Of the ad valorem rate re-
cited in the law. not exceeding 30 per
cent, the question of foreign ex-
change" and disturbance of inter-
national monetary units of measure
reours and presents q collateral prob
lem of no small importance. To
meet this situation, Senator Smoot
has offered an amendment to the
Fordney tariff bill. providing In sub
stance that, in case OF dutiable
merchandise imported from a coun-
try whose currency has deprecated
more than per cent from the value
of the pure metal of its standard coin
il the President finds that foreign
producers have an advantage over
American producers by reason of that
depreciation, he shall determine what
duties will equalize those advantages:
and thirty days after proclamation
such proclaimed duties shall be put
in force not exceeding SO per cent OF
the value Of the imported articles.
obviously the effect of such a plan,
il put into operation, would be to
authorize the President to increase
import duties on merchandise
coming from any. country or countries
whose currency has deprecated more
than per cent in gold.
X
This proposition opens up another
mooted and. important questionable
construction of our commercial trea-
ties and what is known as the most
fayored-nation' clause, which ap-
pears in nearly all such treaties. The
purpose of this article is to throw
some light on the situation, SO that
the average reader will know, %
what the commercial treaties are; (2)
what the most favored nation" clause
means; 60 what is the relation be-
tween foreign exchange" and the
tariff: (4) what bearing these histori-
cal matters have on the present COM
merciaI situation and the framing of
a new tariff bill to meet present con-
ditions.
Modern commercial treaties cover a
variety of subjects. The present treat
ment will be confined to trade, Gus
toms laws and regulations. All these
early treaties were treaties of "amity
and commerce" The first American
treaty, made with France in 1878, con-
tanned this article: "The Most Chris
tian King and the United States en-
gage mutually not to grant any par
tiular favor to other nations, in re-
spect Of commerce and navigation,
which shall not Immediately become
common to the other party. who shall
enjoy. the same favor. freely. If the
Evening star., 1922-02-26

Eon-c operation policy of Sim Fem
had triumphed.
The end is not yet In sight. Arthur
Griffith heads the provisional govern
ment of southern Ireland, but 1t Will
take all his cleverness and sagacity
to weather the storm of protest gath
ering on the hills and in the valleys
of Ireland against his fundamental
platform-the acceptance Of the Eng
lish king as suzerain OF Ireland. He
faces republican discomfort in many
parts of the south. He faces civil
war towards the norsh. And to ais
credit. it must be said, that for the
first time in his career, only recently
has he hinted that force may be
necessary to settle the Ulster prob
lem. 1--WE shall not use force" he
says, against that part Of Ulster
which votes itself out of the Free
State, and we shall not permit un-
challenged force to be used against
that part of Ulster which votes itself
into the Free State. We are at the
a nation, and we desire to sink the
old distinctions OF unionist and ma
ionalist in the common name OF
Irishman, whether the Irishman be of
Dublin, Cork or Belfast"
Very little is known OF Arthur Grif-
fifth outside of Ireland, for the simple
reason that he Is the most unap-
proachable man in Erin. He is not
of Irish blood, but Welsh and Eng
lish by descent. He is small man
in stature. with steely gray eyes.
taciturn to a fault. without eloQuence.
and so self-controlled that he Is the
coolest and best brain in Ireland"
During his earlier days in Dublin. one
editor made the mistake of comment
ing upon his attraction for Maude
Come, now the widow of Maj. Nc
Gride, who was executed in 1916, and
there was certainly enough romance
about this beautiful Irish revolution
ary girl to attract all the leaders.
Griffith, who had spent two years in
SOuIn AIIlSd dS a So1o poAN
this editor a visit and soundly thrash
ed him for the insult He then went
to Jail for a week for committing the
assault and came out to find Dublin
waiting with open arms for hero.
Griffith's great strength lies in his
grasp of the economic facts and prob
lens. He was once offered the post
of financial editor of London's largest
daily newspaper. With this combi-
nation of coolness, a powerful grasp
of modern journalism, and a clear
strategist on the field. where neither
politics nor religion have battled SO
strenuously as the economic forces
of England and ireland. Griffith is to-
day Ireland's one hope Of leadership
out of the welter Of conflicting ideals
and aspirations. He is one of the
few men in Ireland who knows thor
oughly listers mind and attitude.
His first ACT, on being released from
prison in 1916. was to go to Belfast
to study the general situation Of the
northern counties. The future will
reveal how this singularly endowed
statesman. who detests violence and
outrage, will be able to cope with
the forces which are now arrayed
against the Irish Free State.
tCopyrisht, 1922. by Dr. Peter Guilday.)
Evening star., 1922-02-26
BY EDWARD NELSON D1NGLEY.

BY EDWARD NELSON DINGLEY.
~ NE of tho difficulties en-
countered by all nations in
the problem of readjust-
ment OF war conditions. Is
the disturbance of what Is known
as foreign exchanse-that is the
gold value Of the standard units Of
measure in the various countries
when compared with the American
unit of measure. the gold dollar. For
many years there has been prac-
tically uniform rate of exchange be-
tween the American dollar. the Eng
lish pound. the French franc or the
German mark. SO that the value Of
imports and exports between various
countries could be. measured ac-
curately.
The world war and the resulting
vast quantities Of paper currency is
sued, has thrown this foreign ex-
change" or table Of comparative gold
values, out of Joint. obviously. with
Exchange" disarranged. the values
of all imports and exports are dis
arranged; and any country imposing
ad 'valorem import duties that is,
duties based on q certain percentage
of the value Of imported goods-finds
itself facing a new and perplexing
problem, This has been the stu
alton which has confronted the pres
ent Congress for moro than year.
In a large measure. it may account
for some Of the delay.
X x*
To overcome this situation, the
leading commercial countries have
devised new methods of applying ad
valorem duties. To bridge the chasm
between normal exchange of stand
ard units Of monetary measure and
existing abnormal exchange, the plan
Of limiting the depreciation of for
efgn money or currency when ap-
piled to the valuation Of imports has
been adopted. In plain language, the
effect is to establish in the country
of import canada. for instance). q
fictitious valuation of the foreign
unit of measure, to prevent a drop
in, perhaps q disappearance OF, the
ad velorem duty. An ad valorem
duty of 50 per cent drops almost to
nothing when the value Of the inn
ported article Is, for example, 50
cents or 81 in gold.
An effort was made in the House to
amply this remedy; but 1t failed in
the Senate. The American plan OF val
uation of imported goods was substi-
tuted, which, theoretically. will OBJ
yiate any consideration of exchange.
A suggested modification of tbs
American valuation plan brings the
matter. Of exchange out into the open
as an important matter.
Now that 1t seems likely that q So
Evening star., 1922-02-26

ton in a position as advantageous as
that accorded to any other nation.
and that it shall not subsequently be
put in less advantageous position
in the event that greater favors or
privileges are granted to a third state.
In the course Of time there have
developed two schools Of interpreta-
ton. The American Interpretation in .
sists on maintaining a distinction be-
tween favors given gratuitiously and
concessions granted expressly in re-
turn for present and recognized COM
pensation. The old interpretations
have eliminated this distinction, and
insisted that the most favored ma
ton" treatment must be accorded
whether there Is a reciprocal conces-
sion or not.
The so-called American interpreta-
tion has come down to US from John
Jay in 1887, then Secretary of the De-
partment Of Foreign Affairs. Mr..
Jay then said. in substance. that he
distinguished between favors granted
gratuitiously and granted recipro-
cally. The same question was de-
cided by John Quincy Adams in 1917.
and again in 1921, by President Mon
roe. The American doctrine was es-
tablished, that to claim a privilege
under the most favored nation"
clause, the nation asking for 1t must
grant an equivalent. Mr.. Clay and
Mr.. Van Buren,, as Secretaries Of
state, maintained the views Of their
predecessors. Secretary Of State Fre-
linghuysen followed the same prece-
dents in 1884. The American inter-
pretation has been established by de-
cisions covering more than a CEN
tury and a quarter.
The courts have interpreted this
most favored nation" clause in the
same way. In the famous case aris-
ing out of the United States-Ha-
waiian treaty of reciprocity. the court
said 1.-The treaty with the Hawaiian
Islands is reciprocal, and no violation
of the treaty with Denmark; the
United States is not bound to extend
to Denmark, without compensation,
privileges conceded to Hawaii, in ex-
change for valuable concessions" The
tarin law of 1897 made reciprocal
agreements with four European
countries, and 1.-The court held the
same as in the Hawaiian case.
On these rulings and decisions is
based the me-honored American in
depreciation Of the most favored ma
tionr clause. which is. that it is not
applicable to reciprocity treaties.
Thus, when the United States grants
concessions to another state in re-
turn for compensating. concessions.
= CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star., 1922-02-26
ORDERED TO DUTY HERE.

Commander Ormond L. Cox, inspector
of machinery AT Pittsburgh. Pa. has
been ordered to this city for duty In tho
bureau Of engineering. Navy Depart
ment.
Evening star., 1922-02-26
BY WILL p. KENNEDY,

OW comes the public radio pay
Il station. where any one can
Y go and talk, just as at the
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
MEMBERS ~ NEW BRIDGE
GLIB ARE ENTERTAINED.

During The play season or tho Christ
mas holidays a new bridge club was
ofranlzed hv rr0up ~ merry matrons
and their husbands and although tho
club hrs grown largely within Tho last
th,.c or four weeks % has proved inn.
possible up 90 date for tho members 20
find suitable name Tor this delightful
organization
on MONDAY evening Mrs John Nc.
Knight entertained tho club in honor
81 Mr. McKnirhts birthday AZ h't
home on iol East Seventeenth street
Cut flowers and ferns were used rs
the decorative motif Zoo tho entertain.
INK rooms and following several in.
terestlug games of bridge. the guests
were invited into the dining room whore
the brthd1y cake was cut and served
with cream 10 the following club inom.
bery. Mr. and Mrs r. g. Nicely Mr.
and Mrs Henry Gooch Mr. and Mrs
Thomas Curro Mr. ana Mrs T. &
Sew bold ur and Mrs q a. Thomas
Mr. and Mrs ia Humphrey. MI and
Mrs Ia Hardin. Mr. and Mrs Ead
cobb. Judge and Mrs William Boyce.
Mr. s,,a Airs " T. bohonsv. ALI aud
Mrs Bank Jones and Mr. aud Mrs
Arthur Mcknight
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22

Hho shuts the engaged girl away from
lae world turns ont TO be- o poor host
Boo his own home lie doesn't take any
pains to conceal his preference for au
s.htod llfe under any variety Of polite
ness.
90. . sur. tH hurt the feelings " al.
n tl. Hudes friends Perhaps q bus.
mnI with uniformed table manner, is
Fl. h. preferred
900. Bride OF Two Months next cen
.orrd her husbands un,au,h habits
around tho house. For q delicately
utl r.rl accustomed Co dainunfs
100 her room and order in her belong
rs-. ttD sharing OF houscrom with a
husband a often strangely Irritating
af i.H mu ever guess
a bathroom suu'roI with water
I.n nm wall tu wall Dncnds her
Do. au.H OF sf1l, tullc.0 smoke makes
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
SHOWER II GIVEN FOR
MRS- RRnMN.

Mrs. G.. x. Brown. formerly Miss
Lura Mcdaniel 90 this city, who was
married January % no MI Brown ~
Dallas. was tho hou0ue 0i lovely
miscellaneous shower Thursday after.
non. given hy Mrs Jack lftmau. 81
her home on 1904 Jackson street
An attractive pink and white color
sehene was developed ,u the entertain.
NIX suite with am artistic Arrange Went
q sweet peas and ferns
Before the arrival u the hHuoree
each guest was asked 90 write some
bit u advice O. the bride. in daiutiiS
bound book. the cover 10 which was
tainted by Miss Aunnleo Phillips and
after Mrs Brown had arrived the ya.
ri0us sketches written Dos the quests
were read aloud aud wor" found highly
Interesting proving 90 o. the sour "
* much moyrment Mrs. Page gave
several delightful vocal selections dur
lug the afternun. and later Master
lack pittman the small son 81 The
hostess dressed boz sailor suit. IN.
tered me room o. fne strains of Love
shlp." played ou '1e piano hy Mrs
Mercer. bearing "a miniature ship filet
with q variety az dainty tissue paper
parcels. each continuing some uttrac
tir, df' for th, hnuoree.
After the gids had been admired h'
AN ~ tho guests the party was In
v.tsl into me m'ttilv appointed din
lnR room where refrrshmonts of bot
,offe, snlad and wafts were served
Thos. enjoying tho afternoons hosJl
auty were Mesd1mos Nyr1tt Cooper
Bpyl-s Rursou Bryant L'df0rd l'H."
Martin Mercer Tull, Caut STEPHENS
Hurt. McKvcr Mnkeg. Walter n'r
..r Fowler Egieh1rt Reed johnson
Lucas Hyatt Jenkins. Montgomery
Page Ptunau gud Misses AdD.ir Phil
UUs and pittulu
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
COLONIAL DANES CARD
CLUH II ENTERT AIMED.

ON Thursday afternoon tho members
Of the Colonial Danes Card club were
entertained az tho home of Mrs sam
orr 1905 Van Buren, street
The rooms were tastrfully decorated
with pott-d plants and ferns. and an
afternoon ~ bridge was enjoyed hy five
tables ~ players DAINTY refreshments
were served to the members and guests
Mesdames John Mcknight John Boyce
r. < Thompson and 3D. WulfI0
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
PROGRAM FOR " VI. 4 on
FIRST BAPTIST CIIt RCII.

The W VI o. of th, First Baptist
Church win meet "Wednesday afternoon.
Jan. %. 40 O'Clock n the church par.
lurs aud Circle so win have charge
81 the afternoon program which VIII
hc rendered as follows.
Hymn. From Gl...mds Icy Noun.
tain.
Devotional. Mr. s. vs. Prescott.
Prayer for foreign Missions, Mrs. G.
T. os,ood
Expansion OF tine missionary idea
Mrs a. T. Biloxi
Readh *, Dorothy Osgood
Encircling the globe, Mrs q. \
Roberts
Duet Mosduuos ~ E H'uE ana 4
i. Wallace.
Hymn. "In the Cross of Christ ]
Glory
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
INTERESTING PROGRAM 10 BE
GIVEN BN WILSON PIT CLUB.

The Parent Teachers club OF Wilson
school will meet Tupsdly afternoon
January q 40 1880 O'Clock go tho
school for the following programs
song children ~ tho Fourth Grade
Talk Good Books Tor Children. "
Mrs. Lois white Henderson. county n.
brari1u
Piano Solo-Whium1u Fish
Tllk-Miss Mamie Carter. school
nurse"
Reading Margaret Collins
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
WOMiN'S MISSIONARY
OlIEIN Will MLEr.

The Wom1ns Missionary Society OF
tbn POLK street Methodist Church VII
meet Boo regular session "Wednesday
afternoon at three o'clock Boo tn'
church annex for Bible STUDY Mrs
Worth viii lead the afternoons l's
SON
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
MISS LOUISE NARnlS
I.NIIRIAINN

N.. Louise NurIF outHfIH.. .
tum.H uI h. friends Friday ,.'ur.
600 delightful birthday party Stan.
u...tU. games wen. played. l.I H ID
nr lur delicious Refreshments we're
-.r..U
Au.. Miller NurI Easum Vernon
Garner Lydia Polling May Bsma.N
NHIs NuHms Mildred llWm. Ind
Lloyd llDwucr. Herman guUl. ERNEST
Polling Cv,l Johnson Roy lHff and
Edwin Tuhuau
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
FINE.HUNDRED PARTY II
ENJOY ABLE SOCIAL. FEATt RE.

one OF the most enjoyable social
events Of the weekend took place
Thursday evening when Nr and Mrs
Henry Parks entertained number Of
their friends az fNchuuIrod az their
home 1892 Van Buren, street,
Potted plants ana ferns were used
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
ERA$nctet1}1

in the entertaining rooms and five
hundred furnished 'ntoria pmeut until
70 late hour H.eh score prizes were
awarded Mrs y T. Crvford ana q.
Henry Nptar. and before he guests
departed delicious r.fr0Hmonts were
served
Those participation ir the evenings
games Wo, Nr md Hrs. q. Baum.
Mr. and Mrf g. Henry Nosslage. Mr..
and Mrs a % loavs. SIR. and Mrs.
Pearson 81. aul Mrs Arthur J Mar.
uu NJ and Mrs ". Fulicr, Mr. and
Mrs - Knlpt SIR and Nj y l.
smith Nj and Mrs u iunand 1fr.
aud Mrs a Young and Mr. and ~
J, " crawford
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
"FNTRAI MISSION SOCIETY
TO HOLD MEETING WEDNESDAY,.

The Central missionary SV..I nj .nr
Central Presbyterian church vHl meet
" e,inesdty tltemoun a ti. ,HH.a lu
mex 90 9 o'clock for lesson T.m 'N.
first chapter ~ me STUDY 0H.. I..
finished Busiue-s' lod hH MR. NJ BE-
johnson Mc~dlm,~ John Bake. and
D. l. Beer VIII bc h.sI..s's o. ... 3
t,ruoDN.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22

nor 10. she cuts her fingers On mis-
placed safety razor blades.
But an tho worlds "a swap On some
WAYS and for his punishment, the
Young husband must accept the start
Hng vision ~ his bride manipulating a
curling tons. or worse yet cuncellinf
n,r leather curriers' under n0upF
dt0opy lace "gihy'
bot did they not take each other Tor
better or f0r-worse'
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1922-01-22
~ g.. l. CLIB MEETS.

ono OF iAe most aniop meetings
81 'Ne season was hold o. friday after
noon hy the members ~ the " q. J..
Clid club at the home % Mrs. sam
Ofr 1905 Van Burer Street.
Tho guest rooms whore five tables
were arranged for bridge. were atirac'
us, with rotted plants and ferns and
later in fhs .ffterroon delicious pee
fr.shmorf course was served 'u iha
club momhers and guests N'si'm's
.Il D. Thomas N'Isou Hooker smith,
T. u Humphrey U.d Lula CoT0nIng,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1922-02-07
SAY KENYON CANNOT
HOLD BENCH job
Iowa Man Declared To BE
Ineligible Under Constitu-
ton. Knox Precedent TO
Prcvall2

NsfhinFion. Fob Apiolulmeal
~ senator Kenyon ~ BE- cirouii
Judge fnr lhe Eleh,h plur'f waa IN
constitutional according 20 the Views
uf legal experts Who to-day brought
out The lrsoeients IN supprri oi thslr
contention
u q coniended that Senator ken
Jon was Ineligible for The posi,'oa
under the section of the Coustauti8u
Nh.th declares fhat no senator Or
Kepsesaatafil. shall. DURING the lima
lor which he sas elected. be sfHoint :
VI . any civil office which has been
created or ~ emoiumsnis hsse been
nfrsased dahpg such iiue The sal
arr Of the circuit ludxhip 90 when
Kenyon va appointed vas increased
from 5000 20 $500 by iaN passed
dsring tho seisiors service
According ~ one sleW. the nly 49,
in which kcnyoa ean b. constitutions
ally appointed % this place - thsf
taken b. President Taft 10 makn
Knox Secretary of State IL leo9 Ths
salary of the Cabinet officer had been
raised while Knox vas senator. To
enable him % take the risee congfes-
passed . bis repealinr that part of
ths Law wh.eh raised me salary OF
seerftary q State rom . .eoo 20 so.
200. Later Congress revived tn
higher SALARY. shoagb Knox received
from March 4. saes. 70 March 4. usii.
$500 = year aud $4,000 = year af.
torward
Kenyon's term of senator was NJ,
due % end tfl sfareh I. 1876. when
HaFuing's term siso expires There
fore. uniess consress nets for Kenyon
~ u did in the casr of Knox. tn
rresldent csuuof nstr lho appolui
mcus danne If rreasns torn q o.
II the knot precedent acre 10 be
followed 70 make Kenyon ehgsbie. I.
would mean a special 81 repcallns
That rart n the law which has IN