davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1922-10-06

A crisis Is imminent IN tho Near East
Events are transpiring with startling rapid
Ity. Special PUBLIC LEDGER correspondents
n re gatheriug facts at all the foreign capitals.
as we'll az at the scene Of threatened action,
for the Foreign News Page OF the PrpLic
I,rnGEr. Make II a Habit. ."---Adr.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

the American amendments that he
considered necessary to meet home
opposition. Moreover. ii was to be-
come the cornerstone Of the peace"
by being made an integral part" OF
of the treaty Of peace, just as he
planned. These things in themselves
were both great concessions upon
the part Of Tie French and great
achievement for Wilson. He called
attention to the plenary session Of
April %, at which the final covenant
was adopted, to the effect It would
have upon "steadying the affairs OF
the world" This steadying and per-
manent influence seemed to him
more important than anything else.
We may now examine the exact
lines of compromise SO far rs the
French demands were concerned.
1t was on the 2sth that the French
took up their definite positions on
reparations. Before the Presidents
return they had been forced by
American opposition, resting upon a
wireless declaration from Wilson
himself (while at seal, to abandon
their claim to the total costs Of the
war. But they had consoled them
selves for this recession by includ-
ing pensions and separation allow
ances in the categories of reparablt
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

stroke would assure the victory of
his cause in the end. Moreover. the
danger of seeing his whole position
turned by the dangerous forces Of
the newer order" which he dreaded,
was too real to be trified with.
Down to the Sth of April, as we
have seen. he was still holding all
along the line. He was still holding,
but with his support throughout the
world. and especially in America,
weakened with doubt and opposition.
He was now practically alone, facing
the crucial decision upon the wisdom
OF which the worlds judgment of
Woodrow Wilson must ultimately
rest.
All the considerations which infiu-
enced him have been set forth to the
best OF the writer's ability in the
terms in which the President saw
them. Whether the reader sympa-
thizes with him or not in this great
crisis-such crisis as few leaders
have ever had TO facets a matter
/ for his own temperament and con-
victions to determine; but, given the
temperament, traditions, principles
OF the man who made the decision
he could not have done otherwise
than he did. And this decision, in
brief. was to stand uncompromising
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

French administration of the mines.
1t must be noted in connection with
this item, however. that the French
never admitted the region between
the frontiers of 1871 and 1914 to be
territory inhabited by German popu-
lation." All that Immediately fol-
lowed. therefore. was a further dis
cussion in which the French desper-
ately manipulated the details of the
settlement in an effort to preserve
the substance OF their claims.
On April 10, the day the sessions
Of the League OF Nations were re-
sumed and the President proceeded
to secure the acceptance of the
amendments he needed to reconcile
the covenant with American opposi-
ton. the Council of Four accepted a
draft of clauses, made overnight by
the committee of experts. which gave
France at least a favorable prospect
of obtaining what she wanted in the
Saar Valley. Wilson's proposed com
mission Of arbitration was converted
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

cal arrangements tending toward an
nexation.
The experts charged with this mis-
sion. Professors G. II. Haskins and
Douglas Johnson. did not share the
Presidents belief that Frances claim
was unjustifiable. As the former
frankly stated In a letter to the
President on the 30th. he favored the
frontier OF 1914 on grounds Of JUS
tice, and believed that at least a
minimum Of French political au-
thority" was essential TO the exer-
else of Frances rights over the coal
mines. Their Argument for a change
OF frontier. however, made no i'm
preston upon the President: but he
accepted their memorandum advo-
eating the transfer of the mines in
full ownership to France, together
with the fullest economic facilities"
for their exploitation. He looked
askance at the final condition that
the political and administrative ar
rangements necessary to secure the
foregoing results will be inquired
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

into" but left II in the document.
which nc handed 10 Clemcnceau on
the 3ist. A few days later our two
experts we're congratulatlng each
other Mt having got the economic
points nailed down 40 promptly. for
they discovered that they had fore.
stalled n memorandum from the
American economic advisers. written
by Mr.. Baruch. taking issue with
their whole proposition.
There the matter rested when the
President fell III. His offer had
meanwhile been referred to n special
committee on which Haskins repre-
scented the United States and Tardicu
France. On April this committee
reported to the Council in the study
next to his sick room that IL saw
only grave difficulties in n solution
which did not comprise some "spe-
cial administrative and political
regime"
The Presidents first gesture after
his recovery was to brush aside this
concession 10 the French demands
Refusing to allow any tamperinl
with German sovereignty. all the ma
chinery he would offer for gettinl
over the difficulties OF control wa
a commission Of arbitration between
the German Government and tn
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

under the League OF Nations for fif-
teen years. with nm ingenious set Of
conditions under which they might
hope to self determine" tho whole
OF II In favor OF annexation within
that time. The position OF tho Prcsi-
dent. ms expressed In an interview
with three OF his territorial Gpcrts
Professor Douglas johnson has pre-
served record OF this conversa-
ton which no has intrusted to the
writer. remained unchanged.
Wilson On indemnify.
II am willing TO give France any
indemnity In kind to which she IL
entitled" he told them. but added
Il have no right to hand over to her
people who do not want to go to her
or to give them n special govern
mcnt. even II II In better for them
II they do not want IT," Perceivine
how his whole programme OF p.ac,
terms was Mt stake. no concluded
You sec. I have to be firm on thes,
points In all places. or I canno
hold out against tho exorbltant de
mands Of the Italians"
He commissioned these men to scel
In consort with the British SOM
means Of assuring Frances free us,
OF the coal mines without any politi
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15
the Era of Compromise the Paris Conference

damages and by saddling Germany
with the costs OF the army OF occu-
patton.
Their final proposition was that no
sum Mt all should he named In the
treaty. but that Germany should ns-
sumo full liability under tho cate
gories OF damage set forth. leaving
the amount and tho terms OF pay
ment to be fixed by n commission
representing the allied md ASSOCIATED
powers. This solution was In many
ways more satisfactory to the
French. more embarrassing for the
Germans. than the immediate state
ment OF even n staggering figure.
British On French Side.
| II must be noted, rs a special feat
ure Of this struggle over reparations,
that. whereas the British stood with
the Americans in opposing all the
other Congregations In the French
programme OF security, on this item
they consistently supported the
French and even took tho initiative
against the Americans. thus making
the Presidents struggle far more
difficult. They did 80 on no reason
able grounds. but mainly because OF
Lloyd Georges fear OF admitting 10
the people that ibis election pledge,
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

UVHE Presidents ultimatum IN
ordering the George WASH
ington was thoroughly meant.
lie was prepared to sail for nome
rather than accept the French pro-
gram OF settlements. which. he con-
sidcrcd. would destroy the accepted
principles OF the peace.
French Unsasiness.
The French were shaken not only
by the report OF the ordering OF the
George Washington, which was the
outward expression Of the Crisis
within the secret councils, but by
what Wilson was now saying bluntly
to Clcmcnceau and Lloyd George
which, OF course. was instantly whis-
percd about Paris. One would infer
from the statement OF NJ. Tardieu In
his book (p. 1851 that Colonel House
reduced the effect OF the Presidents
action by minimizing its significance,
but none the less there now suddenly
appeared many evidences that the
French were afraid that the fight on
Wilson had been carried too far. For
IL the conference broke up, Clemcn-
ceau's central policy of preserving,
at all hazards. en- entente among
the three great Allies To buttress
French society would have been lost
entirely. Elements OF the French
press which most nearly responded
to the policies Of the Quai dOrsay
Immediately began Ia reduce their
assertion Of French claims. And the
very next day ,April 81 there even
appeared one OF these extraordinary
little items i'm lie Temps which every
one recognized at once as inspired
II was headed Frances Claims.
and ran as follows
Contrary tn the assertions spread
by the German press and taken NJ
by other foreign newspapers. we be-
lieve that the French Government
has no anneXationist pretensions
openly or. under cover, in regard tt
any territory inhabited by n German
population. This remark applies par.
ticularly TO the regions comprised
between the frontier OF 1871 and tn,
frontier of 1914"
This latter region was, OF course
the Sarre Valley. And this state
ment. although il is. upon close ex
animation. somewhat ambiguous
symbolized turning point in In,
conference.
The Presidents bold gesture ha'
cleared the air. and there was APP
parent a new effort To get together
The George Washington could no
arrive FOR week or ten days. Mucl
could be done in that time.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15
Bv RAY STANNARD BAKER
copyr,oh. 1895. ~ The Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate
Irs Newspaper Syndicate.

had been no meeting OF that body
since March &c, when n bitter de-
bate had taken place on the Ameri-
can withdrawal clause. and Bour-
geois had concluded the days busi-
ness by asking reconsideration of
the question OF ornaments. The
President had not yet introduced his
crucial amendment on the Monroe
Doctrine and now hardly dared to do
so until some general understanding
had been reached with the French.
The whole League proposition was
thus hanging by a thread.
Should He Give Ground?
Thereafter the question was:
Should he stand firm along the whole
line OF the battlefront between the
new order and the old and fight 70
complete victory or defeat? Or
should he give ground in one sector
In order to gain in another what he
felt was the key position of the field
To do so he realized would be tc
postpone the final issue of the con-
nict; but he felt also that such 4
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

~ for League OF Nations Ms the
basis of new world order--which
he regarded as the permanent
achievement - and satisfy by the
necessary concessions the immediate
and insistent French demands for
security, based upon terms he con-
sidered temporary. This decision was
not made in a moment, but. begin
ming with point yielded here and
another there. led In "a few days to
the new basis upon which the peace
finally came uneasily to rest.
In Five Crucial Days.
We find the deliberations OF that
crucial five days OF the Peace Con-
ference, April S-13 proceeding, there
fore, along two lines. In the Coun-
Gil OF Four-or more intimately in
direct private conferences between
Wilson and Clemenceau-the great
problems Of French security and
reparation. centring on the control
OF the Sarrc and Rhine frontier, were
fought out. At tho same time, or
April 10 and II, the last two meet
ings of the League OF Nations Corn
mission--the most vital OF the en-.
tire series-were held. and Wilson
as he desired II. but he got II with
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

Above, first official statement of
the Council of Four-the Big
Four-to the press, with correc-
tons by Woodrow Wilson.
At left, House letter, April Is,
1919, on Clemenceau's order
to the French newspapers.
Top left and bottom right, two
pages of minutes of Council of
-Four, April 20, 1919; Clemen-
ceau's speech giving his philoso-
ply of life.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

hAvs e-oko OF nsgot;atto - haa insisted ca
TO give points which appeared vital, ana
must Be- 20 painful .n
70 bear tbs bitter reproaches OF sapportsrs.
rArnm@ts we're all ltts each o. .hsa ~4usasvs-y-
thing for Themselves. ss-sqApers clGzourea. for tie
.spsn1sls And Tbs best thing psy
- tbs. ~hAssvsr. u would 30 a fatal mistake e
the Nlsisn pslssso s forced an Issue o. question
Of primo isls Which all sides euly .oosustos
60 cone TO All srrauSsaent - rcaia % pre-
frsss g Belgian pon. view lad eeea
80 rot In osfo o. protest but tn tara arp
belgium voaia no. she was not BY aea
vho we're indifferent 70 her claims, there xasa
nssa OF solidarity CD bouna tie Allies enc to
sno her. II would Be vail Sc the Belgian Delegates
we're 70 eans1asr pos. t4cn tAe4r county
must take up srons tbs great peoples OF tOuorrou.
Y. interrupted N. this PEN.
ana sa1a that he VAS prepared 70 be reasonable
that all he claimed niI.yssfraa.s aaa eeoa
psrosutass OF Asparatton.
H. Y. sasnosau saia that he would have liked %
Belgian case put forward n reer4a.za
.ioa And complaint he Preferred 70 ada no tang 70
What he haa ss3d ALREADY.
IL. NJ. Lloyd George asked whether tAts meant tAa.
L. Hyasns
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

could not be fulfilled. All the rea-
cation we're overridden: its demands
were even more fantastic than those
OF the French. and it was the source
Of most Of the suggestions which
confused and distorted the issue.
In the controversy over the occu-
patton Of the left bank OF the Rhine
on the other hand. Lloyd George
stood solidly with President Wilson
down to the time when he drew aside
from the contest with Clemenceau.
Saar Valley Issue.
But the really crucial issue which
had taken shape in the discussions
of March %. and the one which be
came the turning point finally in the
compromise, was the problem OF the
Saar Valley. 1t was in this connec-
ton that Clemenceau made his threat
to resign il the French demands were
not met, and that Wilson delivered
his counter threat to go home If the
conditions OF peace upon which all
had agreed were to be torn up in the
way the French proposed.
The French claims to the Saar. as
developed in lengthy memorandum
by Tardieu. amounted to: full owner
ship of the coal mines OF the valley;
outright annexation OF that part Of
1t lying between the frontiers OF 1871
and 1914; and special administra-
ton for the remainder OF the mining,
manufacturing and residential dis
tricts. which differed from annexa-
ton but slightly.
The basis of the Presidents argu-
ment--and the contest was most
heated-lay in Frances acceptance
OF the eighth Of his Fourteen Points
! as he himself put 1t. THE basis of
peace accepted by her speak of rep
J aration for the wrong which she sut-
fered in Island not in 1916"
The definite alignment on both
sides was completed next day. AS
! usual, the French resorted to dis
. guising the more frank and unpopu-
lar OF their claims. They still stood
out for full ownership OF the mines
but now Jumped the entire distric,
in a proposal for a French mandate
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

.ee.p tea principles do
RAJ nit ct bring
irs 10 Peace.
reference Hynns Government could rot
accept tellin Belgian people
they were receive thing or next TO moth
ing and e therefore be referred 70
III. Bel s.an arli lament. VIA. would then happen IL
not pessibl. say, but seeing that Belgium -
snail country i ,. necessary for them TO b"
10 OF necessity.
g. Y. cl.a.no..u protested ssa,ns: the statement Of
H. lyman. A.. til. Belgian p.epl. would. tt.
proposed arrangement. next TO not hing. They
would In fact receive precisely tho sane treatment
as OF the Allies.
II: - s.: ,., TIA, . s. '.s.
slw.ys. he vas thinking OF tbs necessities Of the
future. Peace hM not merely 70 be signed: - haa
to be lived. 7 nus. 70 OF such kind That
4. would mould social 0 Con-
.iserat,ons Of sentiment might i.f. asia. since
.AT counted for political life, and IL VAS
n.o.ss.ry TO approach these prCslsrs IN spiri.
OF consultation nd not insist too strictly <
eol, r...ur. Of concessions TO propose an AZ
t.rn..,v. . breach e.."..n those who
charged VI arriving solution that would guide
IL. ..na.se.es of.Hhe himself nigh. often
| cosas sosTs
Of AneaieA
r.r... -Apr.l s.ln..
1..v c,.sens..a again yesterday I:sr ysu left.
~ c.r,.e,ly delighted ssis - toll has e'ne's
q. Standardization .....r. ported sf ssss'''l.
1,sos ses.,n had 'isa'd sh' @i'n H''"-
.,., y. said n. had thought that r'sh'n
a.. r. r,ns fer HI. secretary giving have 81
..,s. .s you ci~'ne''u sign
1,Dot. 70 c.nue..u French
s.,t.r.. told except bringing about
.r, relations ssnA'tas maeA vss
b. az NJ. va. an slt HI. -
..~ a,rsss L. ps 'surnsl L r' r'r'-
..r L. Yrs Lsss ard ssvs others "Ash " nov
and the United s
eiAsrss between y'u-
M and h.ns, un Of before the osn''''ns'
..n .v.., Nth .n..,. . hspP'". -
".,; re: a.. .,....p.. "'''''''' ''''' %++~
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

bnevxn
o = krEwrAfrM
Us . N ocus1sNs
Rae. via o.r..v 's'i- uss ~
"a. ~. ,aly ~ 1Afas. sas' ~
~. ,.~ ~, e.a,y DECIDED " sa',''
that u. ss.. ,~i,. ,.,.,,.s ). 'ssr"s,'ss~'
~ -. u...sA s,l,rr.. nations - s-,vA- E%1
xrn.
nj, -. ~, ~. Dat .u.r sa.',ss ss~.as.A vn
tn .,s,a 49,. os 's.'''s-
u- ~,S ~, Long W. ~. ~
~. .p..... IL. ru ,,.v... Vi " s.''~'.
90 TIA, they - r's &" fAi settle
nat. u Is Ap4 tn .ss ar'sS affecting iaS'
.p..,nv 'r'>s {" ''''S ''s'''
"SE7-:Ss a: '- "- '''-: NM 'H'' '"'''' - '""'
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a. ",u.~" III, "'sv ata 'r.&v
viii 4, ~ eat. ~ 49, ~ n' all 'A'r
,.v..s,u Nis sr.niHisa II " 'sis'S
.,., usxA ri, ,a.." sf IL
v,,u, r,s. .,.issss ~ 'iAGs Ss''
Abl ~ l7l7
0".SS'sAQ cek, SA11 tt.4t 4se.A.a
As'"-~s+.-e.s..It-t s, AH1~s.-oH
toU> OK M~~ = A~A~61 MS
Dvn;d<uJs-- as c.v.~G.0 GI/t>..4- &: A1' ON"
n.}r...HL~
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15
Contestants Sobered.

Contestants Sobered.
Moreover. all the parties to tho |
struggle had been sobered by the |
sudden contemplation Of what the |
condition Of the world might be IL the |
forces OF peace and reconstruction
gave up the job. They found them |
selves looking into a veritable abyss !
Dared any statesman take such re-
sponsibility? Would IL mean any
thing but swift return to even sterner
military action on the one hand and
wilder eXCesses Of Bolshcvism on the
other?
The next five days. up to April l3.
were in many respects the most i'm
portant Of the entire conference.
They We're the days in which the
French crisis. the most vital of all,
was weathered: in which, under the
memorable pressure OF events. COM
promises were made between Wilson
and Clcmenceau in order TO keep the
Peace Conference from breaking
down. BY April IS enough progress
toward a formula OF agreement
formula based upon the rock bottom
proposition that peace must be made
had been reached 10 warrant the
-Four in summoning the Germans TO
Versailles.
As was pointed out IN discussing
Wilson's view OF the relation between
the League and the peace, he had
long since settled down TO the con-
viction that this guarantee. this
League. was the key TO the peace"
transcending the terms in import
lance and Offering n means of cor
reCting them after mems passions
had cooled down. The League was
10 be a permanent institution, the
terms only temporary.
Determined to Have League.
The League was. therefore, the
Presidents irreducible minimum. 1t
was the only rational method he
could see by which world organiza-
ton could be made TO prevail over
anarchy. or any real peace attained.
Without IL he could see only mill
tarism struggling endlessly and dis
astrously with Bolshevism: and il
order based upon military force were
20 win out. the same old problem still
confront the world. Or this prin-
ciple. which he regarded as essen
tial-indeed. as the only real essen
tial-there was no compromise in
him.
II. then, he could not get his
League. he would go home: If he
could get IL, he felt that he would
achieve the great central purpose
for which America had come e
Europe.
Clemenceau no doubt appreciated
20 the fun the advantage accruing &c
him from this conviction on VIII
sons part In his struggle for tho
concrete items Of security on which
he had set his own heart. IL,
shrcwdly took account. too. OF III,
special difficulties the President wa.
laboring under since his return from
America - having TO secure amend
fnents TO the Covenant in which n,
himself did not believe in an effor
to keep his support at home from
dropping away from him. TIL,
French diplomatic organization ha,
most adrOltly made use Of these ad
vantages. While Clemenceau wa
inarshaling the demands and ma
noeuvring them into fresh and puZ
ding combinations. while the gen
erals and the dark forces Of the For
eign Office were hemming the Presi
dent ia with menaces of furthe
wars and disorders. Bourgeois ant
lamaude. in the League OF Nation
Commission, were fighting Wilson
amendments and reopening ques
lions he had thought settled. Their
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

into commission ~ administration
under the League. The ultimate des-
tiny Of the territory. ns a whole or
by districts. was TO be decided by tho
League In accordance with a plebis-
cite TO be taken after fifteen years.
The latter provision was the more
willingly accepted by President VIII
son because II gave the League Of
Nations something important ana
immediate to do.
Once the principle Of give and take
had been admitted IT went on 10 op-
crate with increasing momentum. On
the day following acceptance OF the
Saar settlement the revision Of the
League Of Nations Covenant was
completed by closure OF the debate
on the Monroe Doctrine amendment.
a closure which would have been
impossible unless Wilson had had the
support Of Clemenceau. Next day.
April IL, the reparatlon settlement
was approved. The questions con-
corning the left bank OF the Rhine.
had not yet. indeed. been settled in
| detail land were not until April $50.
but so close did all the leaders feel
themselves now TO an understanding
since the new principle OF settle
ment was at work-that 10 was de-
cided TO allay popular impatience by
tho dramatic and decisive stroke II
inviting the Germans TO come al
once to Versailles 10 receive the
treaty. This decision was taken on
Sunday, April 10.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1922-07-15

ns tore tn
which the BEL
lgian CLAIM 80
Put forward.
Newark post., 1922-12-13
Women's College Notes

Almost the entire student body and
many of the Faculty of the Women's
College attended the lecture by Glenn
Frank, given in Wolf Hall yesterday
morning at Chapel Hour. The girls
were unanimous in pronouncing it a
most able speech.
The Rifle Club has been reorganized
for the coming year and plenty of
sport is promised for the members.
Miss Natalie Ayerst has been chosen
head of the Sport and the target
range in the basement of Science is
already coming in for plenty of use.
1t is hoped that several matches will
be shot off with other girls teams
throughout the East. Major Lathe B.
Row and Captain Roy Sparks are su-
pervising the practice at the Women's
College.
Notices are being posted about
town relative to the Christmas Bazaar
to be given by the Y. w. c. A. of the
College on two nights next week.
Many pretty gifts will be on sale at
that time.
Miss Binzel, of the University OF
Minnesota, will be at the Women's
College this afternoon and tonight
She will speak at four parent-teach.
ers' meetings; the first at Rocklanc
this evening. She is responsible fol
making child psychology a part Of
the Home Economics Course at the
University of Minnesota.
Home Economics Department gave
a tea for her at 4 D. m. in the prac
tice house.