davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

more than n century. was finally
released by the Massachusetts
Legislature and in 1920 made
state Of the Union.
One OF the first questions which
arose after the eession by the
colonies Of their territory lying
west Of the Allcghenies was as TO
the method Of It's government. A
Congressionf' Committee was ap-
pointed TO consider the matter
with jefferson at its head and the
result of its labors was the pres
entation of plan OF which JEFF
ferson was understood to be the
author by which the area in ques-
tion should be divided into ten
new states. SON of the names be-
ing drawn from the Greek and
Latin and others from Indian
phraseology. The peninsula ly-
ing between Lakes Huron and
Michigan was to be called "Cher-
onesus," that bounded by the Wa
bash, Ohio ard Mississippi ''Poly-
potamia," that between the Upper
Ohio and the Great Lakes Metro
potamia," while other parts of
the area were given the mares Of
"Illinoia," "Assenissippia," "Mich-
igania," "Sylvania," Saratoga"
and Washington"
The above measure devised and
recommended by Jefferson was ac-
cepted by Congress and put upon
the statute books but before steps
had been taken to carry it into
actual operation it was repealed
by the celebrated "Ordinance of
1887" establishing the TERRITORY
Northwest of Ohio" of which Gen
eral Arthur st. Claire was made
the first governor, in 1888, and the
first Territorial Government,
which was to prove such an irn-
portant factor in the development
of the western area, put into oper-
alton. General st. Claire estab-
lished the seat of the government
VI tldb ciui ihiouo ttiIitOiy dI tHr
little village Of "Losantiville"
which he renamed "Cincinnati' in
honor of the Society Of the Gin
cinnati" of which he, as an officer
of the Revolutionary War, was a
member. In 1890 an act was pass
ed for a similar form of govern
ment in a part of the area south
of the Ohio which was to be desig-
mated "The Territory South of the
Ohio" the provisions of that act
being similar to that which estab-
lished the territory northwest Of
the Ohio except the omission for
the southern territory of the pro-
viso found in that for the northern
territory with reference to slav-
cry; the act establishing the Ter
ritory Northwest of the Ohio ex-
cluded slavery while that proviso
was omitted from the terms under
which the Territory South of the
Ohio was established. This Terri
tory South of the Ohio did not,
however. include the Kentucky
area which remained under the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

North and South Dakota. while The
"indlan Territory" In q greatly
reduced form became the present
State Of Oklahoma.
This story cf our expansion and
transformation into the states
would not be complete without \
word about our non-contiguous
areas, Porto Rico, the Philippine
Islands, Hawaii. the Virgin Is
lands. Guam. Tutuila, and the
Panama Canal Zone. Porto Rico
and the Philippine Islands fell into
our hands as result OF the war
with Spain. though we paid 10
Spain $4,000, ,000 for a full can
collation. Of ncr claim TO the Phil.
lippines. Guam which lies east Of
the Philippines and had been held
by Spain was taken over by the
United Statct in 1898 during the
war with Spain. Our little island
Of Tutuila IN the Samoan group
fell to the United States In 1900
after long years Of joint admins
tration Of tbs group by Great Bri.
tain, Germany and the United
States. It's chief value IA In its
fine harbor which Is designated as
the best In ths South Pacific while
the harbors in the Philippines and
Hawaii are the best in the North.
crn Pacific. Hawaii. which had
been knocking vigorously for ad-
mission 20 the United States from
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

of Europeans on the area now
known as the United States was
that of the Spanish at st. Angus
tine, Florida, in 1865, the English
at jamestown, Virginia, in 1907,
the Dutch at the mouth of the
Hudson in 1881, the Swedes on the
west bank Of the Delaware in 1887,
while the French who made their
first permanent settlement in
Quebec in 1908 soon extended
their claims southwark by ex-
ploration and settlement, and by
1850 were claiming all of the area
drained by the Great Lakes and
the st. Lawrence. BY 1866, "New
Sweden" had been taken over by
the Dutch; in 1864 the Dutch ter
~itory of "New Netherlands" was
lken over by the English. The
ench meantime had extended
r. explorations down the Mis-
ppi to its mouth and were
ing all Of the area drained
b. at river as a result of "orig-i
ina explorations" of the valley.
This aim, however, was resisted
by English who assumed that
their lonies fronting on the At
lantic ere by their charters to
extend tcross the continent to the
"Sorf', Sea-" az the Pacific was
tnen called, and in the war be-
tween France and England over
this question the French were de-
feated and ordered to transfer
their territorial claims to Great
Britain, which they proceeded to
-. secretly, however, ceding to
s. n their claims to the western
St m of the Mississippi Valley,
whl> however, was subsequently
re-ce1 to France by the Spanish
Government.
It was when the English Gov
ernment found itself in full pos
session of not only Canada but the
entire eastern half of the Missis-
sippi Valley that its parliament
attached to the Province of Que
bee, for temporary government,
the area now known as Michi-
gan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wis
consin and part of Minnesota,
and this action by the British
Parliament proved the STRAW
that broke the camel's Dsck"
with certain of the colonies which
claimed that their original grants
extended to the Mississippi River,
and increased their willingness to
Join in movement for fndepen-
dence, then pending among the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30
By OSCAR p. AUSTIN
Sisibh clan. The ksi'ensi Cy Bsnk J
kse Ys,k.

The difficulties which accom-
panied the Transformation OF the
twenty pre-war countries Of Eu-
rope into the thirty which now
sppear on the map Of that conti-
nent recall some interesting
features Of the process By which
The territory Of the United States.
which is now about equal 10 that
OF all Europe. was enlarged, adj
iusted, and readjusted into the
fifty political divisions which now
appear upon the map Of our own
country.
We have been busy, very busy,
In this big country Of ours In the
comparatively short period since
the Swedes. the Dutch, the Span
ish, the French and thu English
were Stalking out" their respects
I've claims upon the Atlantic
frontage from the southern tip Of
Florida TO the frozen north. But
when We recall the steps by which
that area was united. enlarged,
populated and then divided and
sub-divided into territories and
states, we find many interesting
and almont forgotten Incidents.
How many Of the twenty million
people living in the states Of Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois. Michigan and
Wisconsin recall the fact that the
area which they now occupy was
at one time part Of the province
Of Quebec?
How many Of the nine million
people in the states Of Wisconsin,
Iowa, Minnesota and part of the
Dakotas realize that the section
which they now occupy was once
a part Of the territory Of Michigan,
whose area in 1884 was eight
times as much as that when the
territory was established and six
times as much as that Of the pres
ent state Of iiichigan?
The Territory OF Missouri once
included the area forming the
present states Of Iowa, Nebraska.
North Dakota, South Dakota.
Arkansas. Missouri and part of
the present area of Minnesota,
Wyoming. Montana, Kansas, Okla
homa, and Colorado.
The Territory Of Indiana in 1904
included what is now Minnesota
and part OF the Dakotas.
Texas, which is now nearly
twice as large as any other state
of the Union, is at the present
time only about two-thirds as big
as when admitted, and a part of
her original area now forms parts
of five other states, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and
Wyoming.
The area relinquished to the
Common Union by the thirteen
original states after the close of
the Revolutionary War now forms
part or all of thirteen other states
having a combined area greater
than that Of the present area of
the original thirteen which gave
their western area to the Common
Union.
The Nations Beginnings
The first permanent settlement
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

it had also become apparent that
these claims IN many instances
over-lapped each other; and with
the magnanimou5 spirit then pre-
vailing of fealty to the new gov
ernment the legislatures of those
seven states oae by one ceded to
the Common Union all of their
western claims, the area thus ced-
ed to be formed into new states
with individual privileges and
powers equa. to those which gen
erously relinquishcd their claims
upon the territory in question.
The area thus ceded to the Com
mon Union by the seven states
above named, lying between the
Allegheny Cumberland range on
the east and the Mississippi on the
west, exceeded in area that retain
ed by the Original thirteen" ag-
gregating about 100000 square
miles, while the present area of
the Original thirteen" aggregates
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30
THE STORY OF THE STATES
by Which Our Original Thirteen Were Enlarged and Transformed into PdhhDa

sequcntly bc,ame a part Of the
present states Of New Mexico,
Oklahoma. Kansas. Colorado. and
Wyoming.
The ink on the documents which
admitted Texas a. a state Of the
Union was scarcely dry when there
began a series Of events which ex.
tended the area Of the United
States from me western border OF
Texas to the Pacific Ocean. A dis
pute between the United States
and the MeSican Government re-.
garding the southern boundary Of
Texas resulted In the war between
the United States and Mexico,
which began In isi6, and in which
the Mexican area hen known ss
New Mexico and Upper California
was over-run and captured by
American troops. and at the close
of that war was attached 20 the
United States on payment n Sl5,-
100000 by the United States 10 the
Mexican Government. though this
sum was subsequently increased
by the assumption Of about s3,-
100000 Of lebts Of the Mexican
Government 10 citizens Of the Uni
ted States. by this absorption
Of the former Mexican area OF
New Mexico and California our
territorial area was extended 10
the Pacific Z ,ast. This great area
obtained from Mexico was s1b-di-
vided into California which was Ia
1850 admitted MS a state without
Territorial probation and the
remainder divided into the Terri
tories Of New Mexico and Utah.
Subsequently Utah was transform
ed into three Territories. Utah,
Nevada. and Colorado and they
were later admitted as states. New
Mexico was later sub-dividcd into
the territories Of Arizona. and
New Mexico and subsequently adj
mittcd MS states.
simultaneously with this exten-
sion Of our government over the
area lying between Texas and the
Pacifc-the Mexican cession-an
agreement had been reached be-
tween the Unhed States and Great
Britain regarding our claims TO
the "0regon Country" and in lSis,
the very year in which California
and New Mexico were acquired
from Mexico. the area lying north
Of California was established by
the United States Government as
the Territory Of Oregon" and the
single year 1913 thus brought us
our entire Pacific frontage. The
Oregon Country became the Terri
tory Of Oregon which was subse-
quently subdivided into the Terri
tories Of Oregon and Washington
and later admitted as states, the
eastern part having been cut off
and forming the Territory of Idaho
and a part Of the Territory of
Wyoming.
In 1853 n small area lying south
of the Territory of New Mexico
was purchased from Mexico for
sum of sIo,0O0,O0O to settle a
boundary dilpute and attached
to the Territory of New Mexico
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

was transformed into the State OF
Tennessee. The western section
OF Georgia, ecied 20 the Common
Union In 1903 became the Terri.
tory OF Mlssissippi and later the
Territories OF Mississippi and Ala
hama until ,hey were finally nd.
mitted as States Of the Union In
1917 and 1873. The Transformation
OF the western front OF Virginia
into the new state of Weat vir.
ginla In ls6s.3 was an incident OF
The Civil War.
The louisiana Purchase.
Meantime had come the 6rst
great addition 10 the area OF the
United States. the louisiana Pur.
chase. The area west OF the Mis-.
sissippi which had bean originally
claimed by F.ance as result Of
exploration and been secretly
ceded 10 Spa;n In 1862 prior 10 the
expulsion ef Frrnce from the con-
tincnt. had subsequently been
again secretly transferred and re.
ce.led by Spsin 10 France in the
year 1900. The complete control
Of the mouth OF the Mississippi
River by the United States was
extremely important 10 It's people
and the commercial interests,
controlling as IL did the exit from
the Mississippi Valley 10 the Gulf
OF Mexico. and when the cession Of
the area west Of the Mississippi
10 France in 1900 became known a
commission was sent to France by
the United States Government 10
negotiate for the purchase OF the
area adjacent 70 the mouth Of tho
Mississippi and including the city
Of New Orleans. The French Gov
ernment, however, fearing a loss
Of the entire western area TO Great
Britain offered 20 sell II all TO the
United States for $4,000. 900, OF
which $ll ,250, ,00n would be in six
per cent bonds Of the United States
Government and the remainder TO
be paid to citizens OF the United
States having claims against
France. and when this treaty
reached Washington IL was quick
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

United States. In the Virgin Islands
the governor is also designated by
the President of the United States
and the legislative functions are
vested in a colonial council The
governors Of Guam and Samoa are
naval officers Of the United States,
designated by the President for
that service, AMI the Governor of
the Panama Canal Zone is an army
officer designated for that service
by the President. The population
of the Philippine Islands is about
1O,500,000, Porto Rico 100000,
Hawaii 250,0O0, Alaska $4,000, the
Virgin Islands 10000, the Pan
ANA Canal Zone $4,000.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

mainder was renamed the :sIndian
Country"
While this Indian Country" was
slowly being transformed into ter
ritorial and state divisions, there
came the second addition to the
area of the United States in the
purchase of Florida from Spain to
which country Great Britain had
re-ceded it in 1888. The considera-
tion of its purchase from Spain
was to be me payment by the
United States of various claims
by American citizens against the
Spanish government, which
amounted when paid, including in
terest, to $6,500,000 and the terri
tory thus purchased subsequently
became, in 1926, the State of Flor
ida.
Texas and the Southwest.
The third addition to our terri
tory came in the form Of the State
of Texas which had in 1886 seced-
ed from Mexico and established
itself as an independent republic
and Immediately made application
for admission to the United
States. This application was, how
ever, rejected by Congress when
made in 1887 and again in 1874,
but in January, 1S45, Congress
passed an act giving its consent
that the territory properly includ-
ed within the Republic of Texas
may be erected into new state
to be called The State of Texas"
and in December of that year the
joint resolution admitting Texas
as a state oe the Union passed
Doth House and Senate, the area
being thus odm tied as State
without preliminary probation"
as territory. Subsequently Con.
grss purchased from tie State Of
Texas a part of its original area,
paying s1O,U0O.000, and the 1000
square miles thus purchased sub
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

1886, North Carolina 1871. and
1890. South Carolina 1851. and
Georgia In 1909. Vermont. which
had been claimed by the State Of
New York ~ a part Of her area.
purchased independence from that
state by paying $4,000 and was
subsequently, admitted to tho
Union a. a.. first new state.
Maine. which had been claimed and
governed by Massachusetts for
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

followed in detail within the limi-
tations OF this discussion. Ken
lucky was admitted MS a state in
1892, and Tennessee in 1876. In
1900 the western part Of the terri
tory northwest of the Ohio and ex-
tending TO the Mississippi and the
Canadian line was cut off and es-
tablished under the title Of Indiana
Territory and in 1903 the State of
Ohio established. In 1905 the ter
ritory lying between Lakes Michi-
gan and Huron was established
as the Territory Of Michigan"
and it later proved a convenient
nucleus TO which to attach for
temporary government the sec
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

colonies. The British flag at that
moment few from the southern tip
Of Florida 10 the northern border
Of Canada, for Florida had mean
time been brought under the Brit
ish flag; and following this extern
slon Of Canadian Government over
the area lying south and west Of
the Great Lakes. the colonies
claiming that area joined with
those which were already elamor-
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

the area thus added being about
$4,000 square miles.
Our Recent Accessions.
In 1867 Alaska with it's enormous
territory was purchased from Rus
sia for $7,200,000, and is now
the only area O. continental Uni
ted States sill governed rs a ter
ritory, all Other parts of the great
continental areas added having
bean transformed into states after
passing through their probation
period" as territories. The great
Territory of Nebraska at one time
a part Of the still greater Terri
tory Of Missouri was sub-divid-
ed into the States of Nebraska and
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

subsequently, divided into Alabama
and Mississippi.
The Territories Absorbed into
the Union
The steps ny which these two
great areas. The Territory North
wcst Of the rhio and the Territory
South of III, Ohio, were trans
formed into separate territorial
and state organizations cannot DO
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

1898 on downward, was admitted
in 1898 and The group of islands
established in 1900 as the Territory
Of Hawaii. The Virgin lslanus
which lie just east of Porto Rico
were purchased from Denmark n
1917 for S25, 100000, the chief )ur-
pose being tkcm control rs 4 laval
station. The Panama Canal Zone,
five miles on each side of The Pan
anna Canal, was in 1908 granted
in perpetuity 70 the United States
by the Panama Government IN
the payment of Sl0,000,000 by the
United Staies, TO be followed b.
annual payments Of s250,000 De-
ginning nine years after the agrel-
ment. Alaska, the Pr mines. no
Hawaiian Islands an rto Rico
have their own legislative bodies,
but the governor is in each fase
designated by the President Of he
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

tion lying west Of Lake Michigan
which included the area now
known as Wisconsin, Iowa, Mime
sofa, and parts of North and South
Dakota. When the original Terri
tory of Michigan applied in 1887
for admission as a state, there
existed bitter dispute between
that territory and the State of
Ohio as to the boundary line be-
tween them, Michigan claiming
an area which would have given
her the port of Toledo at the
southern tip of Lake Michigan,
and to settle that dispute amic-
ably, Congress gave to Michigan
the area now known as the North
ern Peninsula" which subsequent-
ly became extremely valuable
through the development of its
great copper and iron and timber
interests. The section at the west
which had been temporarily at
tached to Michigan was then es-
tablished as the TERRITORY of Wis
consin," while the area lying di-
rectly west OF the State of Ohio
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

ing for independence. and all Of
the British colonies on the North
American continent except Florida
at the south and Canada at the
north united in the declaration Of
l776, declaring themselves no lon
ger colonies but free and indepen-
dent states.
The First Territories.
II was at the close Of that men,
orable struggle, when the peace
treaty with Great Britain in 1888
gave to the new United States Of
America the entire area extending
to the Mississippi at the west and
the Canadian border at the north.
that the question of the method of
government in that great interior
area came TO the front and de-
manded solution. Seven of the
colonies-Mas massachusetts,, Connec-
ticut, New Yorl7s Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and
Georgia-claimed that their orig
inal grants extended westward to
the Mississippi. if not farther. and
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

under the title of Indiana Terri
tory" had meantime been divided
into the territories Of Indiana and
Illinois. Indiana became a state
in 1916 and Illinois in 1918.
The Territory South of the Ohio
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

control of Virginia until its admis-
sion as a state in 1882, nor did it
include the western area of Geor-
gia which was not ceded to the
Union until 1903, and then became
the Territory Of Mississippi, and
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

The Nations Beginnings
The first perm anent settlement
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1922-08-30

the area thus added being about
BIG. 900 Snuara miles.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-10-29

Boris Hamburg, 'cellist, at his recital
in Town Hall on Wednesday evening
will play Bach's Sonata In G. Vivaldfs
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1922-10-29
Orchestra Concert Season
Opened Full of Promise
Philadelphia Musicians Were Heard Last Tuesday Eve
ming and the Philharmonic Society Started Series
Here on Thursday-Symphony Plays To-day
BY w. ]. HENDERSON.

OF
Thursday night the
procession Of local ochesas into
Symphony Soes
Hail. will doubtless be
the winter Perhaps
Cincinnati Cleveland
elsewhere
exhibit its conductor
vebruggen all the
the Western city
the music the
of Emil oberhofer who
resigned last spring.
incurabe. been carefully
all they could it,
always
the public knows him. His private
gescuaion bazoned before the
which sounds following the
recalling the words
Shelley:
"Rngsar stars sc and seth
The worship o
pepaetic philosopher who conducts
this Of TIE New York HERALD to occupy the sunsets OF the
will be recalled
himself convicng
did help him at all to profess ignorance
while could that all other knew
anything because also nothing
superiority knew nothing
while thought they knew it all
He charged
despisng tuelary d
other gods their places These