davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-03-26

qualities are usually as important as,
and often vastly more important than,
the intellectual" qualities that are
identified with quick learning.
Even il the psychologists assump-
tion be granted, then, the proposal 10
restrict narrowly the educational OPP
portunities of all but the quick learn
ers is fraught with serious dangers.
In the first place. many individuals OF
moderate learning ability have human
and moral qualities that will make
them inevitable leaders" AS leaders
they will need the knowledge and the
training in thinking and in Judgment
that a good education can. furnish
even if it comes hard" They need
the stimulus of the school and the help
and inspiration of competent and SYM
pathetic teachers in order to get this
equipment. 1t is conceivable that they
need this stimulus and this help much
more than the quick learner needs II.
for by definition the latter is the bet
ter able to do for himself.
A second count against the proposal
to create an intellectual aristocracy,
or a class of leaders selected on the
basis of native learning ability. is that
1t misses entirely the most important
function that education has to dis
charge in a modern democracy. Mod
ern civilization has operated in two
quite opposite directions. In the first
place, through the specialization of in
dustry and the development of trans
portation it has made men dependent
t.. i. t.
unknown; in the second place. this
very specialization has fomented jeal-
ousy, distrust and suspicion among the
occupational groups. In our own
country capital distrusts labor and
labor distrusts capital; producer, mid
dleman and consumer are at three cor
nered loggerheads agrarian interests
and industrial interests are to-day
fighting for the control of the Govern
ment. each seeking a partisan advan-
tage over the other Where cleavages
in the past have been racial, sectional
or religious. they are now social, occu-
pational and economic. What can
serve to counteract these distrusts.
suspicious and Misunderstanding? A
great war operates to bring all groups
together in working unit. but we
have learned that the integrating in
fiuence of a great war is short lived.
A single church might do it. as the
Roman Church held western Europe
in some measure of unity during a
thousand years of strife and darkness:
but who could propose single church
to-day? Is there anything left except
the universal school? Is it not the
prime function Of the school to bring
groups together, TO lay the bases of a
common respect and common under
standing and TO promote through a
pervasive common culture that COM
munity of ideas and ideals which alone
can make democracy ring true? Is
there any one thing that the school
can less we'll afford to do than to
make new cleavages in a world that
Is already split and riven by dissen-
sions?
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Campaign at Columbia to Be
Supervised by DR.. Butler

The campaign at Columbia viii be
under the supervision OF DIR. Butler and
will be assisted by an executive commit
tee or Columbia University for the
Louvain drive, composed OF John II.
Hassinger. president OF the senior class.
chairman: Kenneth w. Plumb. editor of
Columbian, chairman finance commit
tee Warren NJ. Squires, editor Of Spec
tdtor, chairman. publicity committee :
Herbert r. Hawkes.. dean OF Columb q
College Dr. James c. Egbert. director
OF university extension; Carleton J. II.
Hayes, professor OF history John j.
Coss. director OF summer session /;
Charles Proffitt. secretary Alumni Assoc
citation: Carlos Contreros Evelyn Orne.
Barnard: Helen NJ. Smith. Teachers Col
lcge Lester w. Watson, chairman OF
student board. Columbia College: Ronald
Pearce. honorary secretary OF national
committee.
At Yale Prof. Clarence Mendell will
he in active charge. while at Princeton
pr John Grier Iiibben will be In con-
trol, DR.. Hibben Is a member OF the
national committee and is In warm per-
sonai sympathy with the movement. At
Trinity College, Hartford. the work will
be directed by Dr. Ogilvie. Harvard's
overseers, especially those who reside In
New York, are interested in the cam
paign and will support the drive at the
Cambridge Institution. DR.. Lowell Is
also a member OF the national COM
mittce.
The committee said that the Louvain
jbrary was 70 be the gift Of the Amer
lean people. especially Of sister univer-
stiles. 10 the people of Belgium and eN-
messed the hope that every school.
college and university in the United
states will have its escutcheon hung
upon tho walls OF the great assembly
hall at Louvain in memory of those Of
its sons who died or volunteered in the
great warm fact. that every stone
may be a memorial to mark Americas
protest against such wanton destruc-
,ion."
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
By ANNE n I. NLANN,
Secretary of the Board Of Trustees
and of the Faculty of Smith College.

TEw innovations in educational
r. methods have aroused the in
= terest which the new Special
Honors" scheme at Smith College has
evoked. not only in the immediate cir
Gle of students involved, but through
out the academic world. Proposed by
President william Allan Nelson, per-
fected by a faculty committee, APP
proved by the faculty as a whole and
recently inaugurated for the benefit
of the present junior class, the plan
bids fair TO exert an influence on
American collegiate education which
is not easily TO be measured.
Feeling the lack of provision for
students of outstanding ability as a
main defect in our present system Of
education, the faculty of Smith Col
lege adopted the new "honors" scheme
with this group in mind. The rate Of
progress aimed at in college courses
is determined by a rough averaging
of the capacity of all the students in
them, and as a result the weaker stu
dents have difficulty in keeping up
with their work, while the ablest stu
dents. who find the pace too slow. are
liable either TO fall into habits OF in
tellectual loafng or to occupy their
too abundant leisure by dispropor-
tionate amount of non-academic ac-
tivities. Frequent lectures and reci-
tations, helpful as they may be in
keeping the average student UP to the
mark. are unnecessary and wasteful
for the brighter minds; for after a
good student has acquired habits OF
study and Vital intellectual interests
he or she needs leisure for thinking
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
CoId-but BearabIe and
People Are Always Healthy

The reindeer has been domesticated
for hundreds Of years with great sue
cess by Laplanders. They use the
milk. the meat and skin of the animal.
Reindeer ranching in Arctic regious is
feasible, and I see no reason why 1t
should not succeed. A herd of rein
deer would constitute a regular source
of meat supply and the hides could be
sold at a fair profit The care Of the
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
e TESTS FOR LEADERS OF FUTURE II

to a group OF individuals all OF ,ohom
ity OF stimulation, Instruction and
training, there is some justification in
assuming that whatever differences
may be found are due to differences
in native mentality" In other words,
tie original ability may be abstracted
from the measured results by proving
that the experience, education and
training of all those who are COM
pared have been Identical in so far
as the materials of the tests are con-
cerned. Except in very small and
homogeneous groups and with the
most rudimentary tests this could
never be proved. AS one passes to
larger and less. homogeneous groups
and to more complicated tests the
validity of the assumption rapidly
weakens. And yet every conclusion
drawn from the tests regarding a ma
tive or inborn mentality rests upon
the assumption that experience and
education have worked with equal
force upon all those who are tested
and compared
WV WhCh LIE pSyIlio!OBiSl 10 SlIIl-
ply attempting to measure the present
learning ability of group of people
for the sake of picking out the quick
learners, as in the case of the army
tests. this assumption is of no conse-
quence. Ability to learn quickly is all
that is asked for. Where this ability
came from and whether some persons
who do not have 1t now might have
possessed 1t had their training been
different are not important questions.
But when the results of the tests are
used as basis for sweeping generali-
cations that carry radical proposals
for school reforms and social recon-
structions the assumption that bona
hde native mentality" is measured
by the tests becomes of paramount
Importance.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Wealth of Oil and Mineral in
The Lands Above Hudson,s Bay

Resources and potentialities Of more
sober hue lie in the territory north
OF Hudson's Bay. region a good part
OF which was never penetrated by
white man. There have found evil
dence of micre and iron and copper.
There also is plentiful evidence of oil,
both in the formation of the terrain
and in the stories of the Eskinfos.
1t is curious how the Eskimos loathe
the odor of coal oil. They first learned
OF II through the stencil from the
white mans oil propelled vessel and
oil cook stoves, and they do not like
1T and for this reason they invariably
recognize and remember it. | men
ton these things to show that an
Eskimo's tale of an oil deposit is in
the vast majority of cases reliable.
Members of many different tribes have
told me of places where the air reeked
with the odor Of petroleum.
In addition to purely mineral wealth.
of which there is much more than the
foregoing brief paragraph can sum-
marize, there is the wealth to be de-
rived from such animals as the whale.
walrus and seal Indeed. / am going
to depend very largely on the income
from shipments Of this type Of wealth
for the maintenance Of my next ex-
pedition once we have established our
selves in the north. If one knows how.
one can turn virtually every inch Of
the carcass OF a whale to profit. Ger
tainly this process does not consist in
the practice of the American whalers
who extracted the blubber and certain
bones which were used in corsets and
other articles and then let the rest
sink. but rather in that OF the more
thrifty Norwegians who tow the car
cass ashore. There they do not neg
lect the blubber and the fine elastic
bones either, but in addition they
break up the carcass and employ the
bones and meat to manufacture a fer
tilizer much sought after. From the
walrus we will get ivory and hides,
the latter lending itself for bufiing and
betting and to manufacture into the
rare leather articles. The seal, Of
course, will yield its valuable oil, which
has manifold uses, and it's skin and
carcass.
In Canada itself, Europe or in the
United States we will find buyers for
these products. and, consequently. an
income adequate for all our needs. We
will not have to harry the land for
these animals. for they exist in great
numbers. What is more. the Eskimos
will aid us. and know that we shall
be able to obtain an enormous guam
tity Of raw materials which would be
wasted were we not there to trade
with them. The Eskimos--at least 80
have found-kill much more than
they need. Esltinos believe that all
animals have been sent them by the
spirit world for the purpose OF being
killed. and if they fail 10 kill at every
opportunity the spirit world will be
offended and send no more.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Danger in Divorces in Other States;
New York Recognizes Only Its Own

! between two parties as is a somewhat +
more than a contract. 1t Is a status
domestic relation like the relation
OF parent and child. The community
at large Is interested in the preserva-
ton and protection OF the marital re-
lation, while in the case of a simple
contract the two parties WHO made
the contract can dissolve il at will.
1t is somewhat of an anomaly that
while the State permits two people to
contract marriage II does not permit
them TO dissolve the marriage which
they contracted. The trend of recent
legislation, however. is more and more
to regard the contracting OF a mar
riage as a thing also TO be safe
guarded. The laws fixing the mini
mum age at which girls may marry
the laws requiring a license and an
appearance before a public official and
the more recent tendency TO require
medical examination and medical cer-
| tificates before marriage are in line
with the logic that since dissolving n
marriage Is a matter with which the
State concerns itself the contracting
OF marriage should also be safe
guarded. t'
In some States it is almost as easy
to get divorced as to get married. The
causes for divorces are many and the
precautions against collusion are not
severe. Where the husband and wife
agree to divorce in such States they
have little difficulty in obtaining It.
Only Ono Cause in New York.
In New York, however. there is only
one cause for divorce and no divorce
can be had by default. IL the wife
sues the husband in New York and he
does not appear or defend she must
prove her case in open court, and un-
less the Judge is satisfied that not
only was the husband guilty Of
adultery but ttat there was not COL
lusion between him and his wife the
divorce will not be granted.
Testimony III one defended divorce
suit must be taken in public. Where
the defendant denies the charge jury
trial can be had II desired or the case
Is sent TO q referee to take testimony
In most cases Of collusion, that is
where the husband and wife agree
on a divorce. the usual course is for
the wife TO bring suit. the husband
20 furnish the evidence. then for the
husband 10 answer denying the charge
and TO have the case sent TO a referee
to take testimony where tho wife's
lawyer presents the evidence that has
been prearranged and the husband
puts in weak defense or no defense.
This may prevent publicity since the
sessions before q referee are usually
private. On the other hand IL tho
divorce has a news value. the fact
that the proceedings arc going on be
comes known and the nominal secrecy
of the referee rarely prevents the pub
lication Of most OF the facts
The number Of divorces IS increas-
ing Whether Il is due to the grow
ing economic Independence or women
or 70 a lessening Of the social stigma
or to a departure from the belief that
marriage is a sacrament are questions
often discussed.
Recent divorce decisions In this
State are warnings that IL wife and
husband i've hsro ana want divorce
they had better be careful how the
wife goes 70 another state to get one.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Educational World AgOg
Over System That Had
Its Origin in the Army
Science Has Made 1t Possible to Determine With a
Reasonable Degree of Certainty Whether Given
Individual Will Succeed in Some Particular Capac-
ity-Lists Were Successful During the War;
By WILLIAM c. BACLEY,

Journal of National
Association.
tests and
high Qs' and "low Qs
achievement quotients
about gifted children
"supnons" gnuses twelve
DID, only
fourteen sixteen eighteen They
distinguishing mental and the
age spelling age and what not
Fromo this symptomate of 1t is
individuals
achieve what
accurately
these
relative precision analogous
though physicist
The New York herald., 1922-03-26

has developed to measure neat, HgntS
and electricity. The intelligence
tests, for example, enable one to pre-
dict with a reasonable degree of GER
tainty whether a given individual
will learn new duties quickly or
slowly. Their use in the army was
unquestionably successful because
they could do this much more rapidly
and accurately than could unaIded
personal judgment. Men had to be
selected for very responsible tasks
which they had never before at
tempted 1t was essential that men
be selected who in minimum of
time could learn to do these tasks.
The psychologist came in with his in
telligence tests and aided materially
in the process Of selection, thereby
serving his country in signal and
substantial way.
The present enthusiasm over the use
OF intelligence tests in the schools Is
partly the result of their success in
the army. In many of their applica-
tions these tests will be of large bene-
fit to the schools. There is one way
in which the present enthusiasm is
expressing itself, however, that raises
some very serious questions. In time
of war we need to select our quick
learners for responsible duties; the in
telligence tests enable us to do this.
Peace presents responsibilities as well
as war, and these responsibilities
should be prepared for. Why not.
then. use the intelligence tests to de-
termine at an early age the individuals
who can learn most easily and quickly
and who are consequently most likely
to be of greatest service to their fell
lows and then give to this selected
group all of the advantages that So
ciety can furnish to prepare them for
their future responsibilities?
The New York herald., 1922-03-26

(This famous Arctic erplorer is
organizing his fifth expedition to
the large islands acest of Green
land, iChich ieHH set forth neGt
June. He Intends to found there
scientific colony)
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
A Plausible Proposal
That Yet Is FalIacious

Not only is this proposal plausible;
IL is attractive, for if accepted it would
solve out of hand some of the most
puzzling problems that confront edu-
cation. AS school attendance has be-
come more and more nearly universal
the difficulties of teaching and oil
school administration have been
greatly increased. The "slow learn
ers" who in former generations either
did not go to school at all or remained
in school but a short time now crowd
the classrooms. At the same time.
hundreds of thousands of children are
going on to the high schools and tens
of thousands to college. During the
last thirty years the enrolment in the
public high schools has grown ten
times as fast as the general popula-
ton, and the rate of increase is still
Increasing; universal secondary edu-
cation is almost in sight.
And this is already meaning heavier
burdens for higher education; the en-
rollment in American colleges has in
creased fifty per cent. in five years.
The cost OF public education is mount
ing higher and higher and this fact
combines with the increased difficulties
of administration and teaching to
make a proposal of selection welcome
to many people both within and with
out the educational guild. Would it
not be the part of wisdom, these
people ask, to limit the schooling of
the masses to the rudiments and TO
reserve the privileges of a more ex-
tended education to those who can
themselves clearly profit by such ad-
vantages and from whose further
training society will presumably profit
the most?
In an able article in the February
Atlantic Monthly. based upon study
of the intelligence tests as applied in
the army. Mrs. Cornela B. Cannon
answers this question in the affirma-
tive. Other serious students of the
problem have come to the same con-
clusion. and many OF the movements
now being inaugurated In the schools
unqucstionably point in this direction.
Some OF the psychologists who have
been working with the tests have been
especially active in promoting the pro-
posal on the ground that the tests
offer a means of effecting this selec-
ton without injustice to any one.
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
ANCIENT GRAVEYARD
VANISHES FROM VIEW
Coffins and Bones Buried IN
Sinking of Earth.
New York Herald Bureau,
London, March IS.

Special Cable q THE Srw YoaK HFrALn
Copyright, 1923. BIZ Tire Nrw yoEK HEsALO.
New York Herald Bureau. }
London, March IS. J
CONSERVATION was caused ia the vsl-
lage Of Middleton. near Aatlock, when
the ancient churchyard cemetery suds
denly vanished. In the pit caused by
the subsidence there is q confused mass
Of tombstones. coffins and bones of
people laid 70 rest many years ago.
The sudden sinking OF the earth is be
licved TO have been caused by shaft III
All abandoned lead mine near by
The New York herald., 1922-03-26
Tests Show Only the
Learning Ability at Given Time

1t is clear, however. that the prob
lem thus presented is one that psy-
biologists alone cannot solve. It's So
luton Involves issues of fundamental
public policy concerning which no
single group can presume to make
final pronouncements. II is not too
much to say, indeed. that the future
Of democracy hangs upon these issues.
II would certainly not be the part of
wisdom to decide such a question has
tily or without a most searching con-
sideration of all of the factors in
voIved. Some Of these factors may be
briefly referred to.
7. The proposal to use the intelli-
gence tests as q means of separating
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1922-01-05
Honor MIR. and Mrs. Yates.

The Community Social Hall
was the scene of much goodfel-
lowship and feasting last night
when some 80 friends of Mr.. and
Mrs. c. w. Yates gathered there
to pay their respects to these es-
teemed citizens on their 28th we'd
ding anniversary. Noted as the
quarters of many happy assemb-
lagos, this hall last night housed
a banquet par excellence and
above par bounteous, supplement
ed by appropriate remarks from
many of the hosts and the presen-
tation of a fine casserole to the
honored guests as a token Of the
regard in which they are held.
The spirit of the "good old days"
lent inspiration to and seasoned
the proceeding like old wine
only differently, and memories of
it will dwell happily in the minds
of the participants until the end
of the score.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1922-01-05
Local Basket Ball.

The Nezperce town and high
school teams have put on two fast
exhibitions at the local gym in
the past week. The first being
last Friday night, when the hi
boys won with a score, of % to Is.
Then on Tuesday night the con
test was closer, the score standing
19 to 19 at the last minute of
play, when John Flatt, for the
school bunch, landed basket,
and the bame closed 21 to 19.
These events leave our high
school lads in fine trim for the
big go with the fast Lapwai crew
at the gym here Friday night,
Jan, 6. This meeting will give
the sporting element a fine chance
to show their interest with their
presence. Give the boys a full
house and a glad hand. 1t will
do you both good. Let's go
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1922-01-05
Boost the II. s. Annual,

/ We have started a. campaign.
for selling Nezperce High School
Annuals. A dollar is to be paid
in advance for each copy. This
lis necessary for two reasons /:
First, in order to guarantee a fl
nancial success, and, second, to
facilitate the publication. Only
40 have responded with their dol.
lar and we cannot publish an an
nual of less than 100 copies. 1t is
your duty as a matter of civic
pride to support the production
of the annual by buying copy,
for we must have 100 subscrip-
tions by the end of this week. Sea
one of the committee, John Flatt,
Wilbur Ellis or Charles Jamison,
and pay them you dollar.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1922-01-05
How Do You Like It?

Many have expressed their ap.
probation of The Herald S comic
section and it is our desire to con
tinue this feature. But the sub
scribers, especially those at other
points, will have to make their
desire for it take the form of re-
mittance on subscription if it is
to be kept up. The local sub
scribers are responding hand
somely, but the absent ones not
so good. 1t is our aim to keep
The Herald at a high standard.
This comic section is simply an
added feature something very
unusual in a weekly newspaper
and can only be made possible by
a well paid up subscription list.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1922-01-05
Miller Open Kincaid House.

H. Zirbel, who recently traded
for the Kincaid lodging house in
this city, has in turn traded the
property to L.. L. Miller, of Lew
iston, and this gentleman is pre-
pairing to take charge and open
the establishment at once. He is
said to have had considerable ex-
perience in this line of work.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1922-01-05
School Attendance 100 Per Cent.

Whether Bruce Thomas, OF
Kamiah, the county probation Of
ficer, is responsible for the fact
or not, the school attendance of
the youth Of school age in Lewis
county is and has been for some
time past 100 per cent; not lad
or lassie reported absent without
leave. This is as it should be,
and those who might be disposed
to miss the advantage schooling
gives them were the officials less
energetic and efficient, will be
grateful in the days to come and
appreciative of the good work of
those officials. And when the
years record is made up it will
be found that this condition has
been maintained at the minimum
of friction and expense.