davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1922-04-23
Good Time to Start
Building. Says
Lending Expert
Does Not Expect Drop in
Construction Costs for
Some Time: No .yustifica-
ton for Delay. He Thinks
By {. A. Martin

PrNSident Railroad Comparative
Building and Loan Association
There are numerous small dwellings
under construction in and around New
York City. Some sections, for instance
in what is known as ThTogs Neck in
the Bronx arc building 10 very rapidly
indeed. In this particular locality a
great many New York City policemen
and firemcn have built modest homes
and the Railroad Building and Loan
Association has loaned, in this orc
locality alone 100000 in the last few
months.
Building and loan associations
throughout the country have been the
main support of the small home buyer,
or builder, during the housing shortage
and this fact has been recognized by
| Congress in the recent tax exemption
allowed these institutions.
Tho usual loans made by the Rail
road Building and Loan Association are
arranged on monthly payment system
which reduces the amount Of the prin-
cipal each month and eventually pays
the loan off in eleven years and seven
months. For the past two or three
years almost ell building and loan as
sociations have been flooded with APP
plications for loans and have only been
Attempting to take care of those appli-
cations from persons who already have
depositing accounts as this is the fair
| est plan to follow.
The homecoming idea is certainly
becoming more and more popular, and
people who have rented al their lives
are beginning to see the wisdom Of be
ing their own landlords. There does
not appear to be any reasonable pros
pect for the cost OF building TO come
down very much within the next few
years and the wisdom of building at
this time need not be questioned.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-04-13
BUS SERVICE DEMANDS SPECIAL
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

ton with other Buses, and was
actually subjected to a service that
would ordinarily be considered nor
NAL for nine months period of OPP
Grafton.
"On dis-assembling this Bus, the
Committee found that such vital units
rs the Knight Sleeve Valve Motor,
Transmission, Universal Joints, Steer
my Gear and Rear Axle units, were in
perfect condition. OF particular in
tercst, naturally, was the Knight
Sleeve Valve Motor, i'm the bearings
IF which were clearly visible the or
iginal tool marks, showing no signs
IF wear whatsoever No noticeable
wear was discovered in either the
pistons or cylinders of the motor, and
was the consensus of opinion Of the
Committee, that the Motor had not
ct reached its highest point of cf-
cheney, after its service through
5000 miles of travel, and that the
listons and cylinders had not yet
)een worn in sufficiently TO give the
lest results.
an the transmission gears, the
mount Of wear visible was less
han what is ordinarily found in a
motor vehicle after about 5000 miles
ervice. The Universal joints in the
)rive Shaft were as perfect rs the
'ay they were installed in the Bus
n the rear axle, there were absolute
fcrne rf in rf -
act which amply demonstrated its
upcriority of design and construc-
ion
Both Viec President Hayes and
Chief Engineer Wright Of our Com
pany are men Of soundest experience
in engineering and production of Au-
tomotive equipment, and cur entire
organization is naturally elated over
the successful performance OF their
joint creation, the Republic Knight
Motored Bus.
1--WE have several Of these Buses in
test operation at the present time,
in a number Ct leading Eastern cities,
and feel that our efforts TO help
solve the problems Of Traction Com
panies in developing suitable supple
mentary or feeder service to their
existing railway lines. through the
use Of Motor Buses of fine appear
ance, ample carrying capacity and
comfortable riding qualities, are
proving Of great interest, not only to
those Companies, but to the Public at
large"
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-04-13
Test of Republic knight Mo-
tored Bus at Baltimore Proves
Correctness of Basic Features.

I'm commenting on the order for 2G
Republic Knight Motored Buses of
2o-passcnger capacity, which the
Baltimore Transit Company recent,
placed with the Republic Truck Sale,
Corporation, Colonel Frank +. Smith
President and General Manager, i'm an
interview with local press representa-
tivcs, brought out some interesting
sidelights in connection with this
sale.
Although at the time we starteo
the Public Utility Division of the Re
public Company, Republic had more
truck chassis equipped with bu
bodies, operating in various parts
the Country, than any other cxclusiv,
Truck Manufactures. yet we realize,
that the successful answer to passen
ger transportation by Motor Bus wa
not to be found by the use Of the or
binary truck chassis, any more tina
the urderbody and trucks of freigh
car could be readily adaptcd for mas
senger carrying use on steam rail
roads.
Our Public Utility Division, there
fore, working closely in cooperation
with the Electric Street Railwa.
Companies, determined TO design ano
produce passenger carrying bus
that would be the last word in APP
pearancc, mechanical design and OPP
Grating efficiency, and the result is
the present Republic Knight Motored
Bus.
"Thc success of the methods en-.
ployed by Republic in designing anC
producing the Republic product, were
wildly demonstrated in Baltimore
recently, and naturally were a very
important factor in our securing the
bus order from the Baltimore Trans.
it Company.
"a committee from the Republic
factory, composed of Vice President
.. w. Hayes, Chief Engineer b. f
Wright and Public Utilities Division
Manager Ralph NJ. Sparks, in con
cert with Mr.. Lawrence Fuller, CHIEF
Engineer of Fuller e. Sons Manufac
turing Company, and MIR. f. B. Ross
Vice President of the Clark Equip
ment Company, went to Baltimore
for the purpose of inspecting the
Republic Knight Motored Bus, which
had been in test operation for ovel
five months on the Charles Street
Route of the Baltimore Transit Com
pany.
"This particular Republic Bus, dur
ing it's test operation, was operated
over $4,000 miles in direct competi
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-04-13

THE taste Of women all over the
country has made great adj
vance in the matter of under gar
ments: AT least that is the assertion
made by manufacturers OF this kind
of apparel. There is an insistent de
mand for good quality in the materials
used and less liking for ornate trim
mings. Decorations must now be kept
attractively simple and only enough
lace and ribbons used 10 add the
flavor of daintineSs In the finish of
underwear.
In materials, fine nansook and
batlste in white and in the same colors
that are favored in silk will probably
account for most of the underwear
made. Radum silk and crepe de
chine, in flesh orchid, peach and
light blue. emphasize the advance
made by col0rs IN popular favor.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-04-13
Lines to &c Remembered.

The only fountain in the wilderness
Of life where man drinks of water to-
tally unmiXcd with bitterness is that
which guSheS for him la the calm ard
shady receSses of domestic life.-Wn-
linn Pom.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-04-13

The stepin chemise and the com
hination vest and step-in drawers find
themselves in demand. II is the lat.
ter that is pictured here, made of
batiste and trimmed with val lace
i'm insertions and ruttles. Ribbon
serves for the shoulder straps that
support the bodice, hut some strap
less models are shown with an elastic
band at the top which holds the bodies
to place. The drawers portion is wide
and curved up at each side, where
small ribbon bows are placed 10 EN-.
phasize the gracefulness Of this treat.
ment.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1922-04-13
Li1lOleurn

is the best and most satisfactory floor
covering for the kitchen or bath ROOM
We have largeline to select from in
the newest patterns, all widths.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
PHILIPPINES
UNAFFECTED BY
SHIPPING LAW

Manila, p. 1.-THE extension Of the
c~oaEtwise shipping law of the United
States to the Philippine Islands is
not contemplated at present. Presi-
dent Harding assured Senator Manuel
l.. Quexon- in q Letter made public here
by the latter. The president shows
deep interest In Philippine capital
and asks II local capitalists r In
terested in American vessels. i
The letter, dated at the White
House, July 20, follows:
II have Just concluded reading the
brief filed BY yourself nnd Mr..
Osrnena, chairman OF the commits
sion. on the part OF the hou3e. rela-
tive 70 the declaration OF the effec-
law between the Philippine 1Alands
and the United States mainland ports.
I note that you stress the inadequAcy
OF shipping on both this Atlantic and
Pacific. but give special emphasis to
such ~inadequacy on the, Atlantic and
the route by way Of the Sdsx canal.
AZ you understand. the law contemp-
lates that no declaration Of the coast,
wise provision shall be made until
the president Is assured OF tho dec
larntion Of the service by American
ships. I think L have already as
sured you in person, and am glad to
confirm It now, that no such step
WILL be contemplated until there Is
.indisputable evidence of~the declara-
ton of such shipping.
lone phase Of your brief has, IN
terested me very much. l refer to
your reference to the inability of
Philippine citizens to own vessels of
American registry and the ineligibility
Of Philippine citizens to be officers on
such vessels. am very glad YOU
called this matter to my attention.
II any Philippine capital ts interested
in Investing in Americana vessels and
whether there is a tendency on the
part of Philippine citizens to serve as
officials on such vessels. Moreover. l
SHOULD like to know if Philippine
other national flags and whether any
Philippine citizens are engaged in the
service Of such vessels under foreign
flags"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
"TIGER" PREPARES
FOR HIS SECOND .5
VISIT TO AMERICA.

paris, Oct. l3.-lBy the AsgociAtedi
Press.)-FormAr Premier Georges
Clemenceau resumed from the oun->
try today and began Anal preparations
for his second American trip with as
much enthusiasm as for his first trip
more than fifty years ago.
He will sail on November H.: de-
liver.ng his first lecture at New York
on November .23, after which he will
talk in Boston, Chicago. Kansas City.
New Orleans. Washington and pos
sibly Philadelphia. :
The Tiger was in the best OF
spirits on his arrival. He proceeded
to talk in n Joking way Of tho differ
ent interpretations that have been
placed upon his undertaking but he
refused absolutely to be interviewed
as to what his course in America
would he. He remarked. however.
with a twinkle In his eye. that>his trip
did not appear to please everyone
cover here" but that It mattered
little, since what nc had to say was
Intended only tor tho people "over
there
Furthermore. in spite OF his
aversion to Interviews, he male 1t
clear that his voyage was not con-
hected with the program Of any po-
litical party, that it was arranged en-
tirely outside any political consider
alton or af1liation. lie was going to
the United States. he indicated, to ask
for nothing to suggest nothing. ana.
with the sole purpose Of stating the
french case.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
WHAT GRAND FORKS PEOPLE
WE'RE DONG
THIRTY YEARS AGO

It IL said that q wooden mill with
outs doubt would be 2 paying propo-
sition. in Grand Forks. and this city
seems assured Of getting the new
plant.
we have had no frost yet severe
enough to Kill even the flowers.
Plans, for. the purchase Of eighty
acres for the establishment Of a state
fair grounds will be considered at q
meeting tonight Of prominent citi-
z 'en Of the city ana county.
: sig Hanaper, the new clothier Of
Grand Forks, opened the doors Of
his new establishment, in the Bartho1-
ol1ew block yesterday.
The seat sale for Roland Reed
opens this incoming.
A Manitoba blixaard has been rag
ing up north and tho tail end of It
got into Barnes county.
A sequel to tho Grand Forks reef.
procity convention is being held lin
boston.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
PAGE FIVE
LABORER
NEAR DEATH; FELL
FROM MOVING TRAI.

Minot, M. d.. Oct. 13.-1nconscto
atnce 4 little after midnight last nigla
Robert Lee, 17,,of Mount Vernon, i
transient labofer, 40 lying in
Joseph's Hospital. here today suiRerln
from conclusion Of the brain as q u
suit OF an accident on 4 Great Nc
thern freight train near Berthold IL
night. The youth has very lit.
chance for recovery.
Ernest Sharp. 1s. transient, Is &
tAined by the authorities ~ q witne
at tho coroner's inquest In event t..
injured man should de.
It is believed that Lee slipped VIII
he attempted to Jump from II
freight car to the engine tender ar
hurled to the side OF the trad
by one OF the cars, ava
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
HERO IN BURNING
STEAMER DISASTER ;
DIED YESTERDAY

New York. Oct. 13.-Captain John
L. Wade, tugboat man. whose bravery
in the rescue Of passengers from the
burning excursion steamer General
Slocum in the East River. June is,
1904, won him a congressional medal
and other decorations, died Thursday.
!, Wade's tugboat was towing q coal
barge when the plight Of the General
Slocnm carrying 1881 Sunday school
members on outing was seen.
Wade and his small. crew dared the
mass Of flames formed a human chain
from he's steamer to the tug and car
ried rantic women mi children to
safety. Only 407 were saved.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
NORTH DAKOTANS
In A FORKS
From ROlla-Phil Martin.
TxASSx. Ta~d~Nd t1,rt1h>,

- IDftl tlCSs Ger.
From Chnrchs Ferry-Antonia NJ.
K.lebe, LIN. Rockne, Charlotte Mix
kelson, Ethel Pethick, Alpha Hern,
Ada Engen. f.
From Knox-Jane stenson, Mrs. F.
r.. Obs, H. II. Gleason.
From Devils, Lake-Nelson Sau-
vain, Susan Faherty. Mr.. and Mrs.
VIM. Enak.
From Hlunich-Ralph J.. johnson,
T. R~iekensrud.
From Buxton-A. Minter. -
From Egeland-K. A. RyEh.
From Farg0-N, C. Abbott, A. r.
Trace, j. E. Stoddart.
From Walhalla-R. NJ. Lee, r.
Reynolds. A. Storms, H. Settler.
From Batllgatc-B.l p. Chapplc.
From Larinlorc-M. E.. Nugent.
From Hcnscl-Grace Forbes.
From CuYnmtngs-Ethel Anderson.
Nellie Fugate.r
From Pcmb:ha-Mrs. L. J. Ryan,
Mrs. r. A: King.
From F1nley-Adeline Peterson.
Fro NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Skjoiten.
E'vrnl Portland-Mrs. y. A.. Mon
Afghan.
..vin RillsbOro-Helen Eyk.
From GraftOn-Kate Johnson, Cora
NJ. Lykken.
From Bismarck-Geo. T. Springer.
From Ncche-Harald Wakefield.
From Lakota-Art Kennedy, Paul
Lahgseth.
thilda Midtmoen.
~ From Cavnllcr--Charlotte A. Jones,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
HUSBAND
DECLARES WIFE
Is BICAMIST

Minneapolis, MINI. Got. is.-Mrs.
John Held, under arrest in Mime
.apoiis has been formAlly:charged with
biaafny by her third husband; John
fIeld, in a complaint fled at sisseton.
T.. D., according to word received here.
The marriage Of the woman and Held.
who IL Z retired farmer OF Hankin-
son. n. D., was reported to have taken
placA at Sisseton. Several weeks be-
fore that ceremony. Held charges. she
was married 70 another f1sn.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
SUCCESSFUL
ON ALL STEEL CAL

Chicago. Oct. 13.-steel is not q bar
rier to radio waves and the test {.
receiving radio telephone conmunics
lions within a moving all-steel rail
road car on the Pennsylvania rail
roads Broadway limited train was dc
clared a success in a message receive
at the Northwestern regional head
quarters Of the railroad to-day.
Broadtasting from New York ant
Philadelphia were received clearl.
the message stated. and SO %successfr
was the test Consideration that fur
ther tests would be carried out in (.
week or ten days. ~.
The test was held to establish tn
success or failure Of wireless receiN
ing without external antennae. In :
moving all-steel railway car.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
STpCkS.

New York, Oct. 1S.-sufficient buying
power developed in today's stock mar
ket to- neutralixe the depressing effect
Of a violent 20 point drop in Standard
other domestic oils. Active pool oper-
atiohs We're conducted in a number or
special stocks. and these. with the buoy
any OF. Mexican Petroleum and Pan
ul4ting effect on the resi- Of the list.
Sales approximately 1,050,6 900 shares.
Prices started upward again in the
final hpur In response to the broadening
ssInsaa ,A aec etas .R Rt,edaean r Pasifia:
ChssApeake and Ohio: Rea ling; New
YORK Central; 1~4ackawanna and Southern
Railway preferred rising l to : points.
a number OF. s%pecialties, American Can
gaining 4 points, United States Rubber
W and Coca Cola g.. The closing was
strong. tx r IT.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
MAN KILLED WHEN
AUTOMOBILE GOES
OVER EMBANKMENT

st. Paul, MINI. Oct. 13.-Arthur
Gosling, prominent st. Paul a was
killed heal Aitken. Mimi. last night
when an automobile he vas driving
went over an embankrnent. according
to word here today.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
Seal Scarf-Beautiful fur, nicely
llined; half price. Write 51s Herald.

!AuF4l IAAL PEA0o. VEAto oAo A1oAaA0'
An PRICES Advertised in the Dollar
Day Edition VIII hold .Eood for Sat
urday too. iwerstlein Bros. Pure Food
Co.LAdv.
Como. and See-3O0 slides of pic
turesQue Norway at Sons Of N0rway's
hall, Oct. IA, at 8 o'clock p. m. Ad-.
mission soc and s6c.-Adv. j
Sign Company Here-The Evans.
Mathews company Of Minneapolis
outdoor advertisers. have established
a branch office in Grand Forks on
the corner Of Seventh street and Nm
ternatlonal avenue.
Cooley Back Monday-District
Judge c. NJ. Cooley and Mrs. Cooley,
who have been enjoying an aptoilo-
bile tour in southern Minnesota. are
expected to return to Grand Forks
next Monday.
special Deal on Chevrolet Cars
We have three 1872 Chevrolet tour
Ing cars which we will sell at 2 lower
price than any car manufactured.
Must make room fors 1925 models.
Only difference IL in body lines See
us now, as they won't; last long, stin-
son Chevrolet company, Grand~Forks.
N. D.-AdV.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
REDUCE GAS PRICE.

New York, Oct. 13.-The Standard
Oil company Of New Jersey today an
rounced a reduction Of one cent a gall
Ion In the price OF gasoline through
out its territory. :
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

Gives Away PotAtoes-UnAble to
find storage place for his entire po-
'tato crop. which IL Of fine quality,
James Caldwell of; Marvel offers to
give away those still in the grouhd
to- persons who with dig them. They
are good seed potatoes.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

when anything docs happen y come
ont Ill right It's lest Ike flndin' It Fer
sM' Pcasimist. We'll; II be 9 2
'0rn n6JtT," said ole Niles Turner, t1iay,
when he heard Upton Buds father
WAS dead.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

Dance at K. c. Hail Friday night.
Oct. 18th. sponsored Wy Lady Forest
ers. Emard's hr1t orohestrA.-Adv,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

Money to Loan on City Property.
D. F. McGowan. 3o71 First National
Bank-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

Hot FfAnkfurtefs ard Fresh Oys-
ter Stew served At the Peacoek Inn.
Oh so. different! Danny O'Heron.
Prop,-Adv..
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
R1LvBA

London, Oct. 13.-Bar silver 1lH
pence per ounce: money 1A per cent;
discount rates short bills * per cent.
months bills ~ TO u per cent.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
TOO TATE TO CLASSIFY

GIRL WANTED FOR HOUsEWORK,
must be fond Of children. Apply 610
South Fourth street. @
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

yRumrnageS /. salc--In Guild hAll
basement, Saturday. October II. be-
ginning at . o'clock.--Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
nxcnANan.

!. New York, Oct, 13.-ForeiEn exchange
Great Britain demand 4.43h;
oabies 4.43M; 60 day bills on banks
France demand 1877: cables 1853,
Italy demand 4.23h; cables 4.25.
Belgium demand 7.07; cables 7.O7h.
Germany demand .0S 1916: cables
Holland demand 1886: cables 1892.
Norway demand 1926.
Sweden demand 1862.
Denmark demand 20.1O. r.
Switzerland demand 1856.
Spain demand 1924.
Greece demand 2.G6.
Poland demand OF. .,
Czscho-Slovakia demand S.37. Is
Argentine demand 5000.
Brazil. demand 11.1b. ri.
Montreal 100 3-32.
o1AIN AND PROVISIONS.
:. Chicago, Oct. 13.-Wheat:. Subss-
quently. \gossip that 100000 bushels
Of C~sS1adian wheat and some United
States. wheat had been taken for Eu-
rope tended uphold the values. The
close was firm, Y TO l cent net higher.
With December 1.osS to 1.0sA and May
Corn: An Estimate that Argentine
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

Coal.-By the load. LAgnite 3s.7t
sofs coal $12.60. Phone 1881. p. r
CosH.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

Auction, socisl and Dance II Key
West Friday, Oct. as. Eniard's First
orchestra vein play. Everybody well
comc,-Ady.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

New Confectionery .Store-A new
confectionery store win be opened in
the store space Of the Ryan hotel.
Third street and Alpha. avenue. upon
completion ~ofrepairs now being made
to the building. ~" ~
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
1oU6T13

New York, Oct. 13.-Live poultry
steady: chickens by freight 70 to "a;
dressed, poultry steady; prices I'M
changed. tl.3
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

- a F.t NsN .--fTtF NTs9F Il 80
New York, oot.s, lS.-CoppAr dull;
electro1ytfc spot and futures "A.
Tin strong; SPOT Sani futures $500. s
Iron steady: prices unchanged.
! Lead steady; spot $50 to !S.T5.
Elm firm; East st. Louis spot and
nearby delivery, 6.6e to $40.
Antimony spot B.75 to 100
LInHHTY 1pHfDs.
New York. Oct. 1S.-Liberty bonds
closed: 3hs, l00.40; second 49, 99.4O:
first 4As. 1922; second ~ 1924:
3ss uncaalIied/ noO.2s; As, called.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13
IunnT RoNDS.


I Ne1 York, Oct .13.-4Call money cas-
81; ahi4hSS; low ~ ruling rate S. Time
oailssNf1tIts mixed collateral $3.50, ~
tol4x; siaonths Z x,to s. Prime COM
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

s Passenger REQ Touring Car
Buffet ana china closet, owner leav-
ing city, III Vernon avenue. Phone
1615-W:-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1922-10-13

TEMPERANCE. -.
Maximum, ~ hours. sS.
Minimum. ~ hours, ~.
Wind southwest, ~ miles.
Barometer. rsdueed, 1870.