davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

Trade Union League and renowned
champion of women's industrial rights,
is the leading figute in the fight now
being waged. Mrs. Robins is working
on a big scale. She has enlisted Con-
gressional aid in the battle to defeat
the equal rights" amendment, and
has put up to President Harding de-
mands of the working women that he
support their contentious.
Trade unionists, according to Mrs.
Robins, believe in the principle of po-
litical, civil and legal equality OF
women with men, but they scorn
blanket legislation to attain this
equality. In practically every State in
the union working women prefer that
the equality be obtained by separate
State laws and not by amending tho
Constitution.
The National woman's Party is just
as determined in its fight to have the
proposed change written into the or
ganic laws Of the nation as the work.
ing women are to prevent its adop-
tion.
The proposed constitutional change
finds many eminent legal authori-
ties differing In it's Interpretation.
Whether it would abrogate existing
laws regulating employment OF women
in industry is moot question, they
claim. Mrs. Robins frankly states
that tho we'll defined diversity Of opin-
ion presages long drawn out litigation
in the courts If the trade unionists
lose their fight and the proposed
amendment is approved.
In the center OF the ring reposes
this short and simple proposal. over
which the dissension between the or
ganized working women AID the
women making up what Is termed the
new feminist movement" arises:
mo political, civil. or legal disabli-
ties or inequalities on account Of sex.
or on account of marriage, unless ap-
plying alike to both sexes, shall exist
within the United States or any place
subject to their jurisdiction"
Both sides in this battle are feeling
their way cautiously. There Is no de-
sire on the part of either to get into a
serious clash,
The working woman arrayed against
the feminist group? Let us hope such
day does not dawn In America" de-
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
General Sessions Judges Censme Bay e Which Hesitate to Convict
Because Guilt Nearly Certainty When Prisoners Are Amaigned There

avoid calling the same man more than
once In two years.
It would appear from this that the
service in the criminal courts Is more
onerous than in the civil courts since
the period of service is longer and the
nature of the work is moro distaste-
full. Also the amount Of perjury
that is, false swearing, Is greater in
the criminal courts than In the civil
courts.
Many OF the acquittals in the crimi-
nal courts with which the judges find
fault are duo to the belief of the
jurors that policemen. especially de-
tectives, have oversworn themselves
1t is incredible to the average jury
man that men accused of crime should
so often make elaborate voluntary
confessions to a stenographer in the
presence OF several detectives. The
1urymen are prone to believe the de-
fendant who testifies in the trial that
the detectives beat him and clubbed
him until he was willing to confess to
anything to put a stop to the third
degree methods.
The Judge il more inclined to con-
slider whether the defendant commit
ted the crime. The jury are more
likely to consider whether the de-
fendant has had fair show.
The jury exemptions, increased in
number from time to time by the
Legislature, exclude from compulsory
jury service, clergymen. physicians
surgeons. dentists, vetertnaries
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
AcquittaI by Juries Final:
Judges Cannot Revoke Verdict

In the three cases in which the
juries acquitted and were rebulSed by
the court the defendants were freed at
once and neither the Judge nor the
Appellate Courts had the power to re-
view or set aside the jury's verdicts.
In civil case the trial Judge. the APP
pellate Division or the Court of Ap-
peals may any one of them set aside
the jury's verdict and In most cases
enter Judgment contrary to the
juryis verdict.
That Is the reason why judges in
criminal courts sometimes rebuke the
juries, while judges in civil courts al
most never find fault with the jury.
If there is no dispute in the facts for
the jury to decide the judge I'm a civil
case usually decides the matter him
self
More than 100000 men are called
every year for jury service in Greater
New York. There are five commits
sioners Of jurors. one for each county
Frederick OBryne for New York
Charles r. Murphy. Brooklyn, for
merry Republican State Senator for
Brooklyn; John A. Mason ror the
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Old Stock and Aliens, Local
Versus General Interests,
West Against East.
INEQUALITY OF WEALTH
Paralysis Of Trade, Brutality
of Capital, Crushing Of
Individualism.
by SIR PHILIP GIBBS.

After a lecture tour here in the
United States from coast to coast-the
last shall ever make, because it is
the most exhausting form of travel
know-it seems to me that 1t might
be we'll for me to put down some of
the things I have heard In CONVEX
sation with many different types of
people in many American cities. I
am sure that some of these CONVEX
sations, in smoking cars in drawing
rooms, at dinner parties, In automo-
bifes, would be as valuable to the gem
eral public Of the United States as
they have been to me in revealing
certain fears, doubts and aspects Of
thought among intellectual, hard
thinking analytical minds regarding
the present state and future develop
ment of this great country.
It has never been a habit of mine,
and never will be, to criticize the
United States. That would seam to
me as impertinent as criticizing the
whole order of nature or as a straw
criticizing the ebb and flow of the
great tides. But it Is the right of the
American people, as of any people, to
criticize themselves. to measure UP
their own achievements and to fore
cast their own development, and l
lte.t~
OF candid critics of American life and
customs. Perhaps they reveal them
selves to me more candidly than they
would to one of their own nation, just
rs most of us are more self-revealing
to sympathetic friends than to MEM
hers of our own family. What has
surprised me little is the sadness,
even tho pssssmism Of certain
thoughtful souls in this New World
which TO people in the Old World
seemed to be so vital in youthful OPP
timism, so naturally self-complacent
because of immense power and in
exhaustible resources.
Omitted States Is Doomed"
The saddest man / met was In a
city of the middle West, a great bust
liI.g, prosperous city in which he was
one of the most successful men. !
met him at an evening party where
there was much laughter. many beau
tiful women and no prohibition. Lovely
it was in atmosphere. not conducive
TO melancholy, but at intervals during
the evening my new found friend kept
repeating one dreadful sentence in a
sepulchral and emphatic voice.
THE United States is doomed!
Nothing can save us!"
In spite of counter attractions,
many and alluring. / sat myself down
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Citizens Eligible for Duty
Checked I'm bv Commissioner

Service on the Grand Jury or
Sheriff's Jury. on the ordinary jury
which is called petit jury" or Mu-
nicipal Court Jury or Surrogate's
Court arc all kept track OF by the re-
spective commissioners OF Jurors to
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
lD CRITICS OF AMERICA OUR OWN PEOPLE, SAYS SIR PHILIP GIBBS
Too Many Bad Laws
and American Flapper
Are Seen as a Menace

sTHERE are too many laws"
some of the critics told
Sir Philip. There is no
longer respect for law" say others.
because they impose restraints
contrary to the liberty of reason
able beings''-which being ~interpre-
ted means mostly why shouldn't
a man have a drink If he wants
one?" or ''why should he be de-
barred from buying cigarettes in
Nebraslsa?'
The American "flapper" is an
other cause of impending doom. it
appears. to these American critics
of American life. She is not going
to be the mother Of good men. She
is heartless little hussy (poor
darling!), and her painted cheek
against the clean shaven jaw Of
the undergraduate in the jazz dance
Is as false in its color as the hue of
her heart, and she is dancing with
him to perdition.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

There are other American critics I
have met during recent weeks who
challenge the whole system of civili-
zation in the disaster owing to an ex-
cess of luxury, wild standard of
pleasure and an inequality Of wealth,
which cannot be maintained much
the world war, and a creeping paraly-
sis Of world trade. will rob the United
States of that margin and surplus OF
wealth which was so quickly gained
and seemed so enduring during the
years of national expansion.
1t is astonishing how in my travels
during the last two months so many
people have come to mo with distress
full tales, with serious forebodings: d
telephone ring, stranger on the mez-
canine floor. or another visitor to my
bedroom between one lecture and an
other, and then I am face to face with
new prophet who foresees the po-
litical downfall or the moral upheaval
Of the United States.
Compare Capital and Labor.
The intolerance and brutality of
capital to labor is the theme of some
Of these visitors, and they contrast
too favorably perhaps-the easy toler-
ance of English Government. the COM
promise in English, life, the broad
mindedness of th> English press in
giving a fair deal to labor problems
and points Of view with the autocracy
of State control, the crushing of indi-
vidualism by State discipline (witness
prohibitionD in this country. Like
my friend with his tale of doom these
people see grave trouble ahead IL labor
in the United States is driven to work
underground because 1t is denied free
ventilation Of ideas, and if the individ-
ual is regarded as a rebel to the State
when he refuses to obey laws which
were imposed upon him without his
consent and against his will
Militarism is getting its hold upon
the younger generation. say other
men. A tide of Imperialism is be-
ginning TO creep up in spite of the
Washington conference and the Root
resolutions, is the view of other
minds. studying the tendencies Of the
time.
1 might extend my list of prophe-
cies as I have heard them in this
city or that. but / have written
enough to show that here in the
United States anxious voices unheard
above the cheerful traffic Of its life
melancholy amid the boisterous noise
Of its activity. unheard by the masses
which make up public opinion, and
speaking words now and then in mo-
ments of self-revelation which sound
strangely to a man like myself i'm
pressed by the energy, the vitality,
the cheerfulness, the enormous self
confidence, the tremendous all-ef-
facing optimism of the American peo-
pie as a whole. They speak too
darkly, those prophets Of woe. Yet, is
there any grain of truth In their
sense of underlying dangers-danger
tc individual liberty in this land of
liberty, danger to the old standard of
of life and luxury, danger to eco
nomic health and security, l do not
know would like to know!
Copyright, 1922, by Tho Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate.
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

Three Judges of the Court OF Cen
eral Sessions rebuked and discharged
juries for their failure to bring in a
verdict Of conviction. II this had been
civil court the Judges could have de-
cided the cases themselves.
That is one Of the big differences be-
tween the trial Of law suits which in
volve property rights and the trial Of
men accused Of crime. The attitude
Of these Judges also leads to the in
quiry as to what are the historical and
constitutional functions of a Judge and
a jury.
It took several centuries for juries
in criminal cases to develop their in
dependence Of Judges. 1t was not un-
common for English Judges only few
hundred years ago to punish jurymen
who would not bring in verdict to
suit the Judge.
In the celebrated case OF William
Penn, after whom Pennsylvania was
named, the jurors were both censured
and punished. William Penn was a
Quaker. He had addressed a public
meeting and was arrested for causing
an unlawful assemblage. The jury re-
fused to convict him, not because he
had not made a speech. but because
the jury did not believe that man
should be convicted for what William
Penn did.
Prior to this the Bill Of Rights,
which has been adopted in American
constitutions. provided for trial by
jury. New York State constitution
says, 1.-THE trial by jury In all cases
In which 1t has been heretofore used
shall remain inviolate forever"
Hence. although in a law suit in
volving the title to land or the pay
ment of money or the execution Of a
will or other property rights the
Judge can decide the case himself or
direct the jury to bring in verdict
in accordance with the judges views
of the facts and OF the law. In a
criminal case the judge cannot con-
vict and is not allowed to decide the
facts or even to tell the jury what his
opinion OF the facts is.
If the trial judge believes there is
not sufficient evidence to convict the
accused he can say SO and that dis
poses of the case. But no matter how
guilty the judge may believe the man
to be it requires the unanimous vote
of the twelve jurymen to convict him
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Special Dispatch 10 TIE NEw York HERALi
New York Herald Bureau.
Washington, ID. C.. March III.

Special Dispatch TO TIE NEw York HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau.
Washington, ID. C.. March IL.
Thousands of American working
women, members of the National
woman's Trade Union League of
America, are in the midst OF what
promises to be bitter fight to keep
on the nations statute books, laws en-
acted for their benefit.
Under way to-day is a countrywide
drive, sponsored by the league, against
the proposed "equal rights blanket
amendment which tke National Wom-
ans party is asking the Legislatures
OF nine States to write into the Con-
stitution. Working women assert that
adoption of this amendment would
tear down practically every legislative
safeguard for which they have fought
so long and they are rallying to the
cry that the proposed amendment is
vicious, menacing and disastrous" to
their industrial progress.
Fighting for their rights is not a
new experience for the American
working women. They began their
struggle for industrial freedom away
hack in the dark ages of the early
nineteenth century. The struggle,
marked by considerable success. has
continued unabated ever since. 1t is
on to-day, and indications are that it
will not end until the shackles OF al
legged oppression have been unloosed
Unlike her European sister. records
show that the working woman in this
s.arntry has conducted a sane fight
s~r industrial protection. The spirit
abroad is n revolutionary spirit; in
this country woman has made most OF
her industrial progress by even tenn
pered appeals in tho legislative halls
of the country.
The first expression in the century
old struggle was a strike in 1928.
Since then the conflict has resolved
itself around legislation.
Mrs. Raymond Robins Of Chicago,
president OF the National Womans
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Jurors Pay Of So a Day
AZ. n<auxkaHk IYnrkak<

The property qualification and the
prohibition of the use Of the poll list
insure the selection of Juries from
men of average or better financial cir
cumstances. The requirement OF in
The New York herald., 1922-03-19

licensed ambalmers. optometrists,
lawyers, professors. teachers, editors,
editorial writer's, reporters. officehold-
ers, consuls. officers Of ships. licensed
pilots. superintendents. conductors
and engineers OF a railroad company
other than street railroad. telegraph
operators, militia men, active mem
bers of the Old Guard. election Off
GERS, licensed steam boiler engineers,
policemen, firemen and street clean
ers.
1t is forbidden that the jury list
shall be made up from the poll list.
This was done to prevent men from
voluntarily failing to register in order
to keep off the jury lists.
The jury lists are prepared in the
main from the telephone directory
the blue Book" the Social Regi-
ster," the City Directory, the census
and the real estate records. ~
The New York herald., 1922-03-19
Instructions by the Court
Often Guide to Jury

Some judges in effect get around
this provision that the jury are the
sole judges Of the facts in a criminal
case by so instructing the jury as to
the law that the judicial attitude on
the question of the guilt Of the ac-
cused man is made clear.
Judges sitting year. In and year out
are more inclined to believe in the
guilt than the innocence Of the man
arraigned before them. Every judge
knows that before a man Is brought
before him for trial the evidence has
been Investigated by the district attor-
ney's office, that the police have made
an Investigation, that magistrate has
found the evidence to hold the pris-
oner and that the Grand Jury has had
before 1t sufficient evidence TO indict.
Tho probabilities are that the man
arraigned in General Sessions Is
guilty. Also, two-thirds OF the men
who are indicted in New York County
either plead guilty or are convicted.
Some Of the acquittals OF guilty
men result from the failure of proof,
in which case II is the duty of the
court to direct an acquittal. Under our
Constitution it is not enough that a
man must be guilty, but his guilt must
be proved by legal evidence beyond a
reasonable doubt.
There is another difference between
criminal and civil law suits. In civil
law suit a preponderance of evidence
is enough to bring in a verdict for the
plaintiff or the defendant. In a civil
suit the plaintiff and defendant are
theoretically on an even footing. There
Is no presumption in favor or against
either OF them. The witnesses OF one
are as much entitled to be believed as
the witnesses OF the other
In a criminal case the legal pre-
sumption is that the defendant is in
nocent and that presumption continues
until he has been proved to be guilty
and the jury has been convinced OF
his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt"
Also in a civil lawsuit either side
may appeal. The defendant may APP
peal from Judgment for the plaintiff
and the plaintiff may appeal from a
judgment for the defendant. In a
criminal case only the defendant may
appeal.
The New York herald., 1922-10-22
ASKS BOND ASSURING
ALIMONY PAYMENTS
Mrs. Sutton Declares Husband
Entertained Manicurists
and Actresses

Mrs. Louise NJ sutton OF ITO East Sew
enteenth street, Flatbush, who is receiv-
ing 5000 year alimony from her hus-
band, Francis NJ. sutton, president OF Z.
NJ Sutton G. Co.. exporters, at II Bat
terry place. under the provisions OF de-
cree Of separation entered in 1914, feels
that no ought to put up bond to Sc
cure the payments to her.
Her husband, she said, is 81 years old,
lives at the Crescent Athletic Club on
Pierrepcnt street in Brooklyn. and also
has country estate at Allenhurst, n.
!. He has been living in reckless.
irresponsible" way at Allenhurst, she
added, having entertained various
women there. including 'nanicurists,
modistcs and moving picture actresses
Mrs. Sutton said that he was given
TO Katharine Vanderpool. ''who was
manicurist in a beauty parlor at Asbury
Park" a large amount of money and
property. including $4,000 of the capital
stock of Sutton & Co and Liberty bonds.
''He has stated" said Mrs. Sutton, that
he intends to transfer to her all of his
property, as he has the greatest affec-
ton for ard confidence in her."
Mrs. Sutton understands that her hus-
band in 1919 conveyed valuable real es-
tate to his son, Francis, and since then
has sought to have the property con-
veyed to the defendants sister and has
offered his son $1,000 to do it.
Mrs. Sutton added that her son has
repeatedly protested to his father
against his mode of living. Father and
son went on a trip to Sydney, Aus
tralia. In 1921. when young Sutton was
~ While at Sydney, according to Mrs.
Sutton, her husband received letters
from the Vanderpool woman land sud-
denly left Sydney and abandoned our
son in that city, Subsequently, said
Mrs. Sutton, her husband wrote to his
son at Sydney. statingtha he, young
Sutton. had been discharged from his
employ with Sutton & Co. and had been
disowned by his father. The youth
worked his way back to this country
Mrs. Sutton lives with her son, who,
under the terms of the decree, was
awarded to her husband and daughter,
Doris. for whose maintenance and edu-
cation he is also responsible. An order
was signed by Justice Fawcett allowing
Mrs. Sutton, through Samuel Evans
Mares. counsel, to apply to the court
to have the decree modified to provide
that bond shall be furnished
When seen yesterday at the Crescent
Athletic Club Mr.. Sutton said to news
paper reporters: Just say that 1 deny
/. ALL
The New York herald., 1922-10-22
SLAYING OF PARISH
LAID TO DOPE FEUD
Franks Brother Santo Also
in Plot Until Sent to Atlanta
Prison i'm April.

The Staying OF Frank Parisi, an as
sistant supervisor OF city markets, in
front Of II Monroe street on Friday by
two unidentified assassins was the re-
suit of a dope peddling feud, 1t was
learned yesterday. His brother. Santo,
was involved in it until sentenced to
serve three years in the Atlanta peni-
tentiary in April Of this year after be-
ing convicted of possessing and selling
drugs.
Franks criminal record became
known after the killing. Like him,
Santo had been arrested five times
since 1908 but always either got a sus-
pended sentence or was let off with
fines on charges of disorderly conduct,
burglary, carrying concealed weapons
and alleged illegal voting.
Another brother, Thomas, is now
serving as supervisor Of city markets in
the push cart district on Monroe and
Oak streets. Thomas received the ap-
pointment in November, 1920 and
Frank was made his assistant soon aft
when there had been charges that super
yisors were grating from push cart ped
dlers and others. Thomas said he and
his brother had obtained their jobs
through the influence OF Leader Thomas
Foley and Assemblyman Peter Hamill
OF the Second Assembly District.
When Santo was arrested In his homo
at 35 Madison street, 700 ounces of CO.
cainc we're seized with a pedd,ing value
OF between $35. 900 and $4,000. In tse
prisoners possession was found q book
OF addresses which led to the arrest OF
twelve persons in this city, Albany,
Saratoga and Syracuse, all of whom
were alleged to be drug agents OF the
young Italian.
John Palletieri, a cafe owner at AZ
Monroe street, a close friend of the Pa
iisi brothers, was shot and killed on
August 20, when Frank was close at
hand. 1t is believed by the police
that the same niurderers killed Frank
I'arisi because he had been talking too
much about the crime and was about to
give information to the police.
The New York herald., 1922-10-22
A. D. Finn CHOSEN FOR
NEW ENGINEERING POST
Elected by Foundation as Part
of Research Program.

Election of Alfred ID. Finn as director
of the Engineering Foundation. which So
fostering organized industrial research
on nation wide scale, was announced
yesterday by Charles F. Rand. chair
man of the Foundation. He is the first
Incumbent of the post, created by the
Foundations governing board, COM
POSED of the Four Founder Societies Of
civil, mining, mechanical and electrical.
engineers, to meet the expanding activi-
ties OF the Foundat ton.
Mr. Finn Will retire as chairman oe
the engineering division of the National
Research Council. but will continue as
secretary of the United Engineering
Society. Mr.. Finn. a resident of Yon-
kers. Is a native of New Berlin. Pa. and
q graduate of Worcester Polytechnic
Institute.
The Engineering Foundation Boar1
adopted the report of the executive
committee, which recommended a con-
tinuance OF intimate relations with the
National Research Council, including
financial support.