davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-06-25
Respect for Opinions of
Others Is Gained There

College life Is productive of a more
tolerant attitude Of mind, according TO
Mrs. Collins. In fact, one of the great
est benefits derived from this eight
weeks association with educators Is a
more profound respect for other peo-
pies opinion. Then the students are
made happier by their knowledge
they learn how to live. how to take
care of themselves, and the little edu-
cation they receive opens up broad
vistas of what they may learn If they
devote time to study.
The new type of student knows little
or nothing about play. Mrs. Collins
illustrated this lack Of the recreational
spirit. which is changed into real
enjoyment of college diversions before
the course is over, by relating the
story Of girl who attended the school
last summer. This girl was one Of
the most serious minded students.
Many take their educational activi-
ties with tremendous earnestness. They
are profoundly impressed by the fact
that they are actually studying at one
of the recognized girls colleges and
they have been able to enter without
passing the usual examinations.
This serious minded girl was asked
by one OF the recreational committee,
which is composed Of four Bryn Mawr
girls. II ahe would take part In q dra-
The New York herald., 1922-06-25
She Is Held by Desperate
Gunmen Who Menace
Future of Free State

want, and one-third divided into "docu-
ment No. 2-ers," led by De Valera,
and the ''irreconcilable irregulars,' led
by Rory O'Connor-each section lit
tie DOUBTFUL about the other.
/ Behind all is the shadow of the gun
man, who, a fanatic of fixed ideals, is
determined that the Free State sLall
not function. And, as he sees all
! things along the sights of his gun, it
is not shut out that he may, for a
time at least have his WILL
Ireland in Four Parts.
Ireland is divided into the following
four bodies:
/. Ulster, which refuses to-day at
any cost to come into a united Ireland
but which, j for one. believe, before
ten years have run their course, be-
cause of economic and psychological
causes, will be an enthusiastic unit of
united Ireland
2. Free Staters, consisting of former
Union-Dominion home rulers on one
hand. and on the other a great mass
of men and women who are still Re-
publicans. but accept the Free State
on the principle of festina lente.
3. Document No. 2-ers. or De Va
leraites, who stand, faute de mieux
for inclusion In the empire. but ex-
clusion of the oath of allegiance.
4. Red hot Republicans, who will ac-
cept nothing short of republic, right
away.
Now behind all this, behind an the
elections, behind all resolutions, as be-
hind the Dali Eireann itself, stand the
brute force army Physical force will
rule this world, and no Irishman
makes any mistake about it. WHAT
the army says goes.
The Republican Army.
The original Irish Republican army,
at the time of the treaty. consisted
roughly Of 10 per cent. Republicans
and 80 per cent. Free Staters G have
taken special trouble to get the exact
figures, and am pretty sure Of the
estimate.) But since then both Free
Staters through the Provisional Gov
ernment and the Republicans under
tie man who to-day is the actual or
pOlenlldl OlCtdlOr OF lreldnQICathal
Brugha. or. Charles Burgess as he is
known in. English, who is the actual
head, not Michael Collins of the /. r.
A.-have been recruiting upon a pro-
digious scale.
This recruiting has been chiefly
from the ranks of boys, WHO may be
anything from is to "a, with the result
that to-day the Free Staters are prob
ably in the majority: but as many of
these young Free State soldiers are
red hot Republicans it doesn't neces-
sarily mean that the Free Staters in
the two armies together are in the
majority.
AS the Free State private gets some
| $17 week it says something for the
Republican irregulars that they have
Joined up without pay. I have seen
them drilling in what has been the
nerve ganglion of the Republican
army--the Four Courts, which were
one great arsenal-and they look to
me the most daredevil lot of soldiers
The New York herald., 1922-06-25
Civil War With North Seen
As the Last Resort to
Unity the South

from Thompson guns to repeating
rifles with which TO arm 1906 men,
which, am credibly informed, she
now possesses. including specials,
many of whom are old Black and
Tans; and the south having been
armed by the British Government by
the equipment of the Free State troops.
the official consignment of arms at
the moment being held up.
Third-Not only Cathal Brugha, but
De Valera, having assured me that
in the words of one of them. ireland
could have withstood ten times the
pressure brought to bear upon her,
even in the terror" even badly armed
as she was then, / believe she would
and may be in far better position to
withstand a renewal of the hostilities
from which all lovers of Ireland are
praying to be delivered.
Fourth-What is perhaps at the
moment one of the most potent fac
tors in Ireland for the gunmen, the
Na-Ban Qeague of the women) is,
almost to member red hot Republic
can.
Arms are pouring into 1feland-for,
as a matter of fact, has Ireland ever
had, at any time. trouble In bringing
arms from Manchester or other Eng
lish cities while the German steamer
Stella Maris, which was stopped out
side of Queenstown the other day and
searched for arms, is but one of many
portents.
Rupture Believed Certain.
What has been hoped in Ireland. up
to week or two ago, was that the
oath of allegiance at the last moment
would tacitly be dropped. and that
gradually the Dali only would be re-
garded as the supreme authority in the
country; while nominally Ireland, un-
der the treaty, became part of the
British Empire. Insistence in the con-
stitution upon the oath has dissipated
this hope. and nothing short of q
miracle can prevent a rupture among
the southerners.
The fact is the army has never
taken an oath save one-the oath 70
support and defend the Irish Republ-
can Government, the Irish Republic
the Dali Eireann, the Parliament of
the Irish Republic, against all enemies
foreign and domestic, and to bear faith
and allegiance to the same. This is
regarded by the army, as anybody can
gather by speaking to the men who
compose it, whether Free State or Re
pubiican-especially by speaking to
the members who are out and out Re-
publicans, who make up the irregular
army-as n definite pledge between
the army and the Dali; and as mat
ter of fact it was originally insisted
upon in order to safeguard the sol
diers, who at that time were all red
hot Republicans, from the possible
weakness of the politicians.
To those of us who hate further
bloodshed it is terrible to reflect upon
destiny. The future of Ireland lies
not in the hands of politicians and
pacifists. but in the hands OF physical
force--the army-and the men who
will lead Ireland will be those who
can lead the army.
For that is the final fact.
The New York herald., 1922-06-25

employers side. That is why the
summer school does not fear open dis
cussions. They welcome free exchange
of thought. II is enlightening, they
remind any who inquire about the
school, and it never fails to bring out
the employers as well as the en-
ployee's relation to the job.
To pick up the threads of Roses
story at the summer school, brief as
1t is, one should first consider her
eagerness for knowledge. She is study
ing history, psychology English and
The New York herald., 1922-06-25
By MARTHA CONAN.

A CROSS Bryn Mawr's campus
~ there now moves a new type
= of college student. She is
earnest more earnest. perhaps, than
the average undergraduate who seems
to feel the weight of the world upon
her own slender shoulders. she is older,
this new college girl, when you take
the average age of her entire group;
she dresses simply, but it's a severe
style instead of the simplicity and
freedom of the real college girls pres
ent day sport clothes. and she is dis
tinctly foreign in features, bearing and
speech.
This great educational center,
founded more than two score years
ago by DIR. Joseph W. Taylor and since
. then sought by girls Of wealth and
fashion who crave knowledge OF the
higher subjects of life, has turned its
dormitories, it's lecture halls and its
entire college equipment over to one
hundred factory girls Instead of girls
whose future lies in easy paths. Bryn
Mawr is now teaching girls who toll
with their hands. These new students
who are thirsting for learning. come
from the world of industry. They are
employed in laundries, in candy, cigar
ette and cigar factories; they weave
cotton and silk garments: they are
employed as telephone operators. in
' printing shops--in fact, they are a rep
resentatvie group of women who work
. with the tools of their trade, the very
/. ones the college authorities hoped to
interest in their educational offerings.
Bryn Mawr Was
ns Pioneer in This Movement
"a The Bryn Mawr Summer School,
opened last year. is the pioneer in
workers educational movements in an
American college. II continued for
nearly two months and instructed
eighty-t three girls. This year the num-
ber has increased to ninety-eight. and
II the summer school directors could
AFFORD II they could take twice or three
times the number.
trial workers took possession Of It's
buildings and its stretches OF fine
lawn. it's swimming pool and its per-
fectly equipped gymnasium, one is
struck by the contrast In the appear
ance. Of the new students. They are
not all foreign. these girls from New
York, Cleveland, Chicago, San Fran
cisco and Portland. Ore. Seventy Of
the ninety-eight were born in this
country, yet many are OF foreign
descent Thirteen of the girls were
born in Russia. three m England, two
each in Sweden. Hungary and Lith-
liania and one each in Poland. Ger
many. Holland, Austria, Rumania and
Canada.
what Is Bryn Mswr giving to these
girls and what are the girls giving to
Bryn Mawr?
The New York herald., 1922-06-25

tho history of the labor movement.
She desires to gain general insight
into various subjects. but does not ex-
pect to attend the next years summer
school for The reason that she thinks
another Industrial worker should have
that privilege. II Is selfish. she main
tains. for one student TO accept more
than a single term at the college. And
when she returns to New York she
will enroll once more as a factory
worker. 'I do not want to go out of
the ranks Of the people who produce" I"
The New York herald., 1922-06-25
TING THE VEIL FROM IRELAND THE DISTRESSED ON

a bit of politician and is steadily be-
coming more so.
Grimth's Position Perilous.
Arthur Grifith. entirely sincere,
stubborn as an army mule, implacable
to his enemies and stanch to his
friends, is in Ireland not exactly a
popular figure. Ireland has almost al
ways chosen leaders from unimpulsive.
cold and indomitable men-Redmond
and Parnell-and has then thrown
them down. Many in Ireland believe
that Griffith's political fate will be as
that of his predecessors, and that al
ready it is being prepared for him
simply because his is a sort of mid
position between the extremists and
the bourgeoisie, who stand for profits,
not politics.
If Griffith is thrown down it will be
a national scandal, but the frankly
fiery and untamed steed that Ireland
is becoming is too much of handful
for the little Irishman. His position
in the saddle is most insecure, espe-
cially as his former comrades and now
bitter political enemies-De Valera,
Erskine, Childers and Cathal Brugha
are trying to pull him from his seat.
Before decade it is not impossible
that Griffith may have passed forever
out Of Irish politics, leaving Collins to
rule the roast.
Apart from these persons there are
two forces in the Ireland of to-day
which for a time, and for a time only.
seem likely to marshal the trend Of
events. Those forces are the farmers
and the shopkeepers.
Farmers Not Emotional.
These bodies. forming the econom-
ically influential bulk of the south,
have frankly never been strong Re-
publicans, save under the emotional
stress of the last six years, when the
passion for profits has been suhordi-
mated to a passion for the country. No
power on EARTH as the Republicans
very well know. could work up this
dead weight of business and agricul-
ture to the emotional pitch of even six
short months ago. All they ask is
peace at any price; or, as one of them,
typical Dublin business man, ex-
little profits" They will stand by the
Free State; but for that matter they
would stand by any party which prom
ised them peace to make their little
profits.
What they have so often said to the
writer is: We've done our bit to free
Ireland--let those who come after US
do theirs" These farmers and shop
| keepers. with the exception of former
Unionists and Dominion home rulers,
are strangely enough tie only Free
Staters in Ireland who don't object to
being called Free Staters. To call one
of the army men a Free Slater is to
invite a broken head. They call them
selves Republicans. Every Free Slater
with the exception of those mentioned.
affects to believe in the Free State as
but step to a republic.
Above All stands the Gunman.
But. as we have said. behind all and
above stands the gunman. In some
obscure room, in some obscure tene-
ment house in Dublin. may even now
be hatcking plan which may yet see
the best laid schemes-not only OF
men but of statesmen-gang agley.
! It may yet be that some unknown
man who can puncture the ace OF
hearts at twenty PAGES and who may
bring to. nothingness the Irish Free
State with it may point pistol at the
heart of the British Empire.
One Of these gunmen said to the
The New York herald., 1922-06-25

The answer is-happiness, tolerance,
a broader knowledge of life and an un-
derstanding of the other side of many
questions. This is what the student
gets. And the faculty learns more
about industrial conditions and work
ers than it's members could gain in
years of academic study.
These girls who have come from
far and near to devote all their days
for tie next eight weeks to the study
of literature, economics, psychology,
astronomy. physics, music, history,
hygiene and several other subjects,
have on their credit side a certain kind
of experience that college life does not
give. They know their side OF debata-
Bile subjects. They can give that to
their teachers. 1t has a doubly effect
i've broadening purpose, this industrial
summer school.
President Thomas Was
Originator of the Project
Miss NJ. Carey Thomas pioneer
educator, who has served Bryn Mawr
as It's dean and later as its president
ever since she was 26 years of age,
conceived the idea of the summer
school for industrial workers. The
thought came to her less than two
years ago when she was travelling In
the desert. Looking across the ex-
panse of sand. which seemed like an
endless stretch of dull yellow and
gray, Miss Thomas turned her
thoughts to world peace and then to
industrial peace. How can we bring
about peace in the world Of industry"
she asked herself. And ker mind
flashed back across the thousands OF
miles separating her from Bryn Mawr
College. where the huge dormitories
were even then preparing to close for
the summer. Her mind dwelt on the
commodious buildings lying idle for
nearly third Of the year, and II came
TO her tten that they should he used,
that they could be dedicated TO indus
trial workers. Upon her return she
started TO organize the summer school
and although II was spring by that
timr the summer school heads were
,cady 10 open within few days after
the last Bryn Mawr graduate and Ter
trunks had been deposited at the rail-
road station.
SO successful was the first summer
school for factory workers that IL was
decided TO open II again this summer
One hundred and fifty picked girls
from clubs in various parts Of the
country forwarded their applications
TO the committee. This number had
TO be reduced to 100. which was tie
limit set To recompense the girls
all of whom had passed the health
tests and examinations and filled other
requirements, they started clubs In
the cities where these girls live and
have given them preference vixen the
1929 school opens. For 1t is certain
that. funds being available. Bryn Mawr
will again lead the industrial workers
toward higher intellectual life.
There Is nothing evaeive or secret
about tho factory workers school.
The summer school committee mem
bers, many OF whom, are Bryn Mawr
The New York herald., 1922-06-25
Rose Is Fair Type of
Thoughtful Working Girl

Rose may, for the purposes Of COM
parison. he considered fair type Of
the thinking industrial girl. Last year
there were girls just as radical as
Rose when they entered Bryn Mawr.
They tossed their curly short locks in
just the same defiant way vixen they
said radical" with strong and pleas
ing emphasis on the word They knew
their side of the Industrial problem
better than most workers. they had
thought out solution and they were
inclined, so one of the committee
women said. to be somewhat irritated
at TIE outsiders point of view. Eight
weeks of college work under in
structors who were quite willing to
learn the other side, who encouraged
discussion and who made a point OF
never insisting that any student ac-
cept their opinion as final--an opinion
which the summer school authorities
demand shall be stated as a personal
one--made striking changes In the
girls. The radical ones toned dowk
They got to know something accct -:
The New York herald., 1922-06-25

writer just before the present election:
IF the election that's coming results
in a return to yesterdays lbloc of
farmers, shopkeepers and Ratepayers
Association people-then the gun will
have to speak again" Not once but
many times have these men. mis-
guided though they may be, but
fanatic and deadly in earnest, said to
me- THE election, whatever the re-
suit, will net nothing. A hundred men
who know how to handle revolver
may yet make the Free State an idle
dream"
Time alone can show whether this
threat has anything behind 1t. 1t
may but one thing at least is assured.
namely, there Is a mass of extremist
opinion in the army, recking naugkt
of the politician vote. which is set
upon preventing the Free State ever
functioning. Government by Gun
men" may yet fill the headlines Of the
newspapers. Whether palatable or
not these are facts.
Extremfsts Really Control.
To say the Provisional Government
has been to blame for all this Is sim
ply to misunderstood, and that lu-
dicrously, for the whole situation is
in the power and control Of these ex-
tremists, as sphinxlike as President
Wilson. There have been days in the
Dali when even Griffith must have had
qualms as to the likelihood of his
continued existence, as indeed he half
revealed when he made this dramatic
statement some weeks ago: II won't
be silenced even by your gunmen." A
word from any member of the Pro-
visional Government toward the arrest
of the gunmen might have been his
last word The lives Of Griffith and
Collins at one fateful moment, after
they had returned from signing the
treaty, hung upon thread. But why
that thread didn't snap Is another story
and cannot be told here.
The fact is nothing will be accom-
plished until second election. def
nitely and purposefully upon the ac-
ceptance or rejection Of the treaty.
upon the full register. has been held; (;
and even then nothing will have been
accomplished until the army has had
it's say--perhaps until "the inner cir
Gle" of republicanS has had it's say.
The world may regard the present
election as a test Of the treaty, but
Ireland won't.
MarshaIinE the Facts.
There is string of facts which have
never been made plain, but none of
which can be challenged by anybody
who does not know the situation from
the inside.
First-That one of the last chances
of avoiding civil war in the south
was the pact, now almost sure to be
broken. and, with 1t, that the army
should be held united partly by choos-
ing it's own Minister of Defense, choos-
ing, as it undoubtedly would, man
who would not be compelled to take
the oath of allegiance.
Second-That the position of Ireland
as an armed nation Is quite changed
since signing the treaty, Ulster being
just an arsenal, having everything
The New York herald., 1922-06-25

The Nsw YoRK HERALD here
with publishes the first of a
+, series of articles by Shaw Desmond,
the we'll known writer, analyzing
the conditions of Ireland Mr.. Des-
mond has just concluded tour of
several weeks in Ireland, during
which he visited all essential parts
of the country. AS Mr.. Desmond
has been a close student of Ire
land and her affairs for more than
a score of years, these articles will
take on a real Importance. An
other article of this series will be
. published in THE HERALD at an early
date.
So BY SHAW DESMOND. N
Special Cable TO THE NEW YonK HERMp.
Copyright, 1923, bv THE New YORK HERALD.
LONDON. June 24.-It may yet be
that Ireland will be held up and her
immediate destiny decided by half a
hundred gunmen. That is the grisly
fact behind the fictions now being cir
culated, and, whatever the final results
of the present elections, it will, pos
sibiy. still be fact
~ The second fact which has bored
itself into my brain during the last
two months in Ireland, some of the
time in those timer circles of which
sthe world hears nothing until some
thing happens. was that, although the
Free State is, at long last. sure to hold
the stage. 1t will not do so until the
expulsion of certain irreconcilable ele-
ments that prevent settlement.
When, added to this. there seems
fair assurance that Ireland will see
: months, and that within the republi-
can camp there exist at least two
other camps, and that the only thing
likely to unite theAsouth is civil war
.
kettle of fish. indeed.
A Hellfsh Atmosphere.
The atmosphere of the Ireland of
the moment is Just hellish. for within
IT are bubbling not one but half a
dozen witches caldrons. In "the black
north" as the southern four-flfths of
ireland calls the six counties, we have
Ulster implacable--far more impac-
able than six short months ago. when
there were those famous conversa-
tions between Collins and Craig. To-
day it would take an army brigade to
bring those two gentlemen together
and another army brigade to get them
. apart again.
In the south we have two-thirds of
the people wanting peace at any
price, even at the price of the Free
rState. which many of them do not
The New York herald., 1922-06-25

alumnae. like to have visitors talk with,
the girls. ask them questions and get
first hand knowledge of what is being
accomplished.
Mrs. Chadwick Collins, national pub
licity chairman of the Bryn Mawr
Alumn@ Association. who acts in the
same capacity for the summer school,
picked two students at random to give
their impressions. Although, they have
been there less than a fortnight. one
at least had vivid concept OF what
the school means to her and what
students like herself mean to the col
lege.
She was Rose I. Pesotta. garment
worker, living at 6T East Ninety
seventh street, New York. Rose is
Russian Jewess who came to America
in 1914 before the tragedy which led
to the world war. Her parents were
Russian, her father later giving his
life for his country. The mother is
still in Russia with eight of Roses
brothers and sisters.
This Russian student has a clear
quick mind: she has read more than
the average factory worker; she has
already formed decided ideas about
the superiority of the producer over
the mental worker. She makes dresses,
which Is seasonable trade. and she
is able to take two months out of the
summer. one month of which Is slack,
to find out what American college girls
study. what their life is like and at
the same time broaden her own vision
She was dressed in simple checked
gingham dress and her hair was
bobbed. In tie trade union world Rose
Is already a figure. She is member
OF the executive board and joint board
of the Ladies' Waist and Dressmakers
Union. She belongs to the Interna-
tional Ladies' Garment Union.
Before she left Russia she went to
high school and after coming to this
country she attended night school,
taking special courses at the Wash
ington Irving High School.