davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The h~ish~frequency current is known
as the carrier-wave and It's function
is 10 radiate Into space In the form OF
electromagnetic waves and by It's va
ration In amplitude carry with IL the
variation In the tone at the transmit
ting station.
II is the frequency of the carrier
wave that determines she wave-length
on when 8 radiophone station is trans;
mitted. BY experiment IL has been
found that electromagnetic waves
travel at the same velocity that light
ave travel, that is, $4,000 miles per
second. Wave-lenath Is the distance
between any two similar points on two
successive waves; for example, the dis
lance from crest to crest of any two
successive waves In the same direction.
measured In meters. a unit of length
equal approximately to one and one
tenth yards Converting $4,000 miles
TO meters. the equivalent is 300.000.00O
meters. The length of an electro-mag-
netic wave is equal then to S0O.000,0O0
divided by the frequency. Suppose a
station was transmitting on a wave
length OF $50 meters. The frequency
of the carrIer-wave would be approx
mately $4,000 cycles.
Just as a viollnlst tunes his instru-
ment, that is, makes a certain string
emit a note Of higher or lower pitch.
or, technically speaking, a sound wave
of higher or lower frequency, by ad-
justing the tension on the string. so
may the electrical constants OF the
.antenna circuit of a r~adiophone trans
mitter be changed in order TO have
the station emit a carrier-wave of a
different frequency.
IL a tuning fork having a natural
corresponding TO middle c be
placed "a a violinist who is playing,
the fork will vibrate when the musi-
clan plays middle C. but all other times
II will remain quiescent. This phenom-
enon of the tuning fork vibrating
whenever the musician plays the cor
~ on the violin is known
as mechanical resonance. II a radio
receiver be adjusted so that electrically
It's natural period of vibration will be
cycles 1880 meters wave
every time a station transmits
On a wave-length Of 800 meters, eur
rent viii be set up In the receiver by
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

In an effort TO obtain compensation
and disqualification FOR ex-service men
Although he was born In Holland,
Mr.. Hoilenga had little difficulty In
mastering the american" language,
AS a speaker for the Legion In all
parts OF the country. his oratorical
ability has become so well known that
he is called BILLY Sunday OF the Amer
lean Legion"
A citizen of the United States for a
number of years, MFR. Hopsenga volun-
teered as a private shortly after war
was declared. He was soon made a
drill sergeant. but found nc JOY In this
squads right" career because OF his
desire TO get to France. He obtained
a transfer 10 Base Hospital 50 and
served, with this unit oversees. -
When the war ended Mr.. Hollenga
spent more than a year organizing
chambers of In the South.
and then served as a field represent
alive for the Legion. He was later
appointed director OF organization at
Legion national headquarters and
served In that position until National
Commander Hanford MacNider sent
him to Washington as a personal rep
r~esentative TO aid disabled e~x-service
men in obtaining justice from the gov
eminent.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

GAINESVILLE post OF the American Legion.
was honored with citizenship in the
city of Bourges. France. while a regi-
mental sergeant major with the Cen
trail Records Office, G. II. O., sta
Toned In the French town.
The honor, usually conferred only
upon high governmental representa-
tives, was given to Sinclair for pro-
noting closer relations between the
Yanks and citizens of Bourges through
the medium Of The Gro" largest post
newspaper In the A. f. f., OF which
Sinclair was managing editor and CO.
organizer. The common council OF
Bonrges awarded the honor. Lawrence
J. Weidman, Boston, and William r.
Wragg. Brooklyn, were also made citi-
zens for cooperating 10 Slnclalr's dip
lomatle work. Sinclair and Weidman
also won nov as the authors OF
1.-THE Battle Of Bourges.',. which d
Paris English language newspaper said
SHOULD be In every American home.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

electrical resonance. Stations trans
hitting on any wave-length other than
360 meters will not cause a current
to be set up In the receiver.
The portion of a radio receiver that
changes the wave-length at which il
is electrically resonant is called a
tuner. Suppose that "A" station trans
mits on a wave-length of 200 meters
and "B" on a wayelength of 800 me
tiers. BY adjusting the tuner until the
constants of the receiver make IL cleo
trically resonant to a 200-meter wave
or a 3Ge-Haeter wave, either of the two
stations can be picked up, but both
stations cannot be picked up simulta-
neously. This is the reason that more
than n transmitter can be operating
at one time and yet only one can be
heard on a receiver without. Interior
ence from the others.
The other necessary part OF a radio
receiver is the detector. The function
Of this portion of the receiver Is to
utilize the small currents in the tuner
that are set up by a transmitting sta
~ A htdht tAttH duOiDtN tutbukU
the medium of a telephone receiver. II
the telephone receiver were connected
directly to the tuner the high-frequency
current would not operate the dIa-
phragm of the receiver and even II the
diaphragm were set In motion II would
be toe fast a motion to be picked up
by the human ear.
In a simple receiver the detector us
ually consists Of two pieces Of mineral
in contact or a piece of mineral in con-
with a metallic spring. Either
Is Known as a crystal de-
tector. A detector of this type Is moth
ing more than a rectiier; that Is. when
an alternating current is applied at the
the current is allowed to
flow only In one direction.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The -. =. s. no matter. II was
the u. :. $. something-was on it's way
10 France. II was a rough night. and
the only persons visible on that part
Of the deck were Gubbins, the worst
COB In the navy, who was doing deck
guard. and Lieutenant Commander
Giblet. the g~ruffest and most generally
unpopular commander In any navy.
Suddenly there was a splash. as the
ship gave a lurch. and no more lieu
tenant commander was TO be seen.
GubbIns wrestled with his ron
science for q moment, then gave up
the struggle, dove In. n grabbed his
superior by the neck az ne was going
down for the third lime. .
"Gubbins.v gasped the latter. II
thank you. II we are rescued | shall
do anything 7 possibly can for you
-Sir." answered Gubbins. IF II isn't
asking too much. would you mind not
telling the gang who II was hat saved
your They'd half kill me.--American
Legion Weekly.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

There must be some Scotch mixed In
the Irish OF John Mclnnis, for Stury
is q bra laddie on the links.
When the Indians first baseman
gets done with baseball he'll be able
TO give a good account of himself In
golf competition II he ever goes In for
the game seriously.
Stury played the Lakewood Country
club course at Dallas while the Cleve-
land team was training every day and
did 1t right along In the SOS. He made
the Is holes twice In "a and once In SO.
That's not bad golf for a fellow who
played much until this spring.
McInnls played q little around Boston.
but never got interested In the game
until late last season.
Now he's q bug. He talks golf in
c~essantly and II you should happen to
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

THINGS BEGINNERS
MUST LEARN FIRST
Explanation OF Terms Used in
Radio and of Its Basic
Principles.

Due to the great interest taken In ra,
do since broadcasting stations have
been started, many radio terms are
seen and heard that may be unfamiliar
70 the novice. Some OF the most com
monty used terms are explained and
defined below.
Like light, heat and sound, radio
energy is propagated in the form of a
wave motion. Every one is familiar
with the wav motion set up on the
surface of a still body of water by the
dropping of a stone into 1t.
Every time a point on the surface
of the waves goes through a complete
set of motions and starts to repeat
those motions the wave is said to have
gone through a cycle.
The number of complete cycles gone
through per second is the frequency.
The human ear is responsive TO
sound f~requencies up to a few thousand
cycles per second but is not capable of
responding to the higher f~reQuencies
encountered In radio. Arbitrarily a
frequency of less than 10000 cycles
has been called an audible frequency
one which can be heard-and fire.
quencies above 10000 cycles. radio or
inaudible observation-disclosures they
cannot be heard by the human ear.
The particular type of wave which
p%ropagates radio clergy is an electro
magnetic wave. All of us have seen
bits of iron and steel attracted by the
little toy magnets made up In the form
of horseshoes. This attraction OF the
magnet for the bits of iron and steel
showed the existence of a magnetic
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

stand outside his door you are pretty
apt 10 hear him bounding golf balls
against the wall.
His forte is driving. He has made
several drives on the Lakewood course
of 800 yards and gets an average of
$50. He isn't as good on the green's.
If he were, he would have turned In
some fine scores.
Jock Mackenzie. professional Mt
Lakewood, thinks Stuny Is some golfer
and WIZ always amazed when the
baseball star made a drive. MacKen-
zie seldom does the course under so
and that's a pretty good tribute to
Stufry's goling prowess.
McInnis handles all his iron clubs
except the putter well and soon as he
p~erfects his game on the green, watch
out
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The editor OF a paper In an iso-
lated town in the northwest Is using
the radio In a most ingenious and ef-
fectfve way. An Aamateur radio friend
in q big city 60 miles away buys the
latest editions OF the city papers as
soon as they are of the press. reads
the best news into his trsnsmitter. and
q typist In the country Office copies she
news ss IT comes In owe the office re
ceiver. The editor. through this In
genious plan. Ia always First witt
the Latest" In hi home town.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
SCORES or GAMES By RADIO
Yale Football Games to Be Broadcast
Play by Piay-Considsred Good
Advertising.

Results Of Yale football and other
athletic contests may soon be broad
cast by radio. along with lectures and
other Yale events, according to plans
under consideration by the university
publicity department. II the plans
work out successfully, II was said
that Tale football games would be
~brosdcast play by play.
The scheme is a very good adyer-
Using one for Yale, Prof. Charles r.
Scott OF the electrical engineering de
partment Of Shefield scientific school,
said. The legal aspect Of the pro-
posai Ia altogether favorable and l
no doubt that any technical DIM
cuItIes which may present themselves
VIII be easily taken leare Of"
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
Sporting Squibs
of All Kinds

Girls Of Bishop stracban school.
Toronto have taken up lacrosse.
Panama Is TO have a jockey club
and a 100000 race course by next
season.
Charles Paddock, world champion
Splinter. win make journalism his life
work. +
Harold j. Freedman of Berlin, N.
H., has been elected captain OF ne
Harvard wrestling team.
David l.. "Davy" Jones Of Chicago,
Brown 1924. has beer elected captain
of the Brown swimming team.
Pierre Sergeant, sprint bicycle cham.
pion OF France, will compete In the
Newark velodrome this year.
There were LAP trotftng and pac-
ing race : meetings Including fairsl
held In this country last year. an tn
crease Of ITO yer 1880.
]. oicotf Neary, graduate manager OF
athletics at the University of RochesL
ter, announces he win ~relinQuish the
post at the end OF the present season.
Golf ia 10 be scheduled an an inter
fraternity event at Oregon university
Il the plane of the campus golf fAna
succeed In arousing enough intsrsat
the game.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
RUMORED RETIREMENT
OF HOPPE REGRETTED
Hoped That Player win Recon-
slider His Step.
Has Been Credit to Billiard Game ana
Hss Had Much to Dc With Max.
ing Sport popular-Entitlsd
TO Another Try.

The reported retirement from the
billiard game of Willie Hoppe, ex-
champion, is to be regretted. and IT is
hoped that the wonderful little player
will reconsider his step and continue
as n of the marvels OF the green
cushion game.
Hoppe has been a credit to the bill
Hard world and has had much to do
with making the game as popular az
1t is today. His manager. r. b. Ben
jamin, also deserves credit for the
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
Carrying On With the
American Legion -

Tombstones, and even war memor
ials, are being bought from Ger
many by English and American cities.
because Germany il able to underbid
other markets.
Breezy letters from hometown bud
dies are being Vent wounded Kansas
soldiers In n hospital at Fort Bayard.
N. NJ. The barrsxe was set up by
Kansas posts Of the Legion.
A piiot'ess plane Ia becoming the
sensation of the v~niacoubiny airdome
France. Controlled by wireless from
the ground. the plane circles far and
vide over the countryside.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

troll 10 that he invariably uses an OBJ
Ject considerably smaller than the
plate to aim at.
Usually a small helder's glove or a
players cap serves the purpose. Guys
logic In obvious.
If | a get In the habit Of put
ting the ball over a small plate |
ought to have an easier time finding
the regular thing" ne maintains.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

lucky to preserve
a mere semblance
OF citizenship, but
k Sinclair,
who holds that
position on a
GAINESVILLE (Wis.)
newspaper. bears
the distinction of
being a citizen of
two countrles-or
at least of two
cities.
Sinclair, who Is
historian OF the
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

clever n In which he has ham
died all of Hopes tours.
II In not the playing end that lis
helping TO force Mr.. Hopes retire
ment, but the working of the combine
against him, which practically bars
him from championship match for a
year and a half. That is not sports
manship and should not be tolerated
by the public. Jake schaefer, Jr, de-
feated Hoppe in the title match. but
by the narrowest Of margins, and the
former champion is certainly entitled
to another try at the honor within a
few months time. 1t IL not intended
to take any credit due from Mr.. schae-
fer, who is a marvellous player, but
Hoppe should be given another chance,
and within the year.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
COLLINS NOT SLIPPING

Eddie Collins of the White
Sox. considered by many ex-
perts to be base balls greatest
second sacker. Is 'slippin." says
John McGraw of the Giants.
During the White Sox-0tants
game at the Polo grounds re-
Gently McGraw engaged his
veteran comrade kid" Gleason
In conversation.
Now said the Kid, I'm the
course OF a tete-a-tete, there's
Collins. he's the class.
-Ah, yes" unused McGraw,
but he's a slippan'."
"Why7' queried Gleason.
well. he's beginning TO get g
double chin. It's a sure sign.
They don't cover the ground or
hit as well when they get that
way"
AT this juncture Eddie made q
long dive and speared & line
drive back of second with one
hand and-Gleason laughed.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
GOOD FOR EVERYBODY

Good for the players. good for
the fans and good for the club
owners is the promise of the
1922 season. Baseball ought TO
have its greatest season Ma
tional conditions are better, both
leagues n more evenly bal
anced. close pennant races are
assured and everything points
to success Commissioner X.
Lands.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

preparation for a
battle I'm behalf
of disabled nxbt-
ers of the Worid
a Dan s Hos-
ienR, specfa
representative OF
the American LA-
gon's service d.
vision at Wash
lngton. ID. c., Ia
now carrying the
sick and wound
ed over the shell
holes of red tape
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

Major league scouts will now be
taking notice OF another Texas college
pitcher. He is Pat Olsen of the State
Agricultural and Mechanical college.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

An enthusiastic booster for the An
gels In Los Angeles says Wade Killefer
would not trade Twombley back TO the
Cubs eve up for Arnold State.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

WiIkie Clark has gone 10 orono
where he viii coach the University OF
Maine baseball team the coming sea
son. Clark was the Colby baseball
mentor last year.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

field about the tips Of the magnet and
this same kind of a field p~ropagates
the electromagnetic force. except that
unlike the toy magnet, its power comes
of in the form of wavy motions. This
electromagnetic force propagates ra-
do energy in all directions.
The medium that transmits the cleo
~tro-magnetic waves is the same me
dunn that transmits light-the ether.
This medium is supposed to fill all
space. even that occupied by fluids and
solids. Little is known about its prop
critics
In radio II is more common to speak
< of wave length thar frequency. The
a length of any rave motion is the
distance between any two successive
crests in the same direction. The
wave length depends upon the fire.
quency. If the frequency is high the
wave length is short. On the other
hand II the frequency Is low the wave
length is long. Numerically the wave
length is equal to the distance trav-
eled by the wave In one second divided
IN NV btQ1NhtS o6RRVct AVA ca
ample, that Ii were desired TO know
the wave length Of an electromagnetic
wave having a frequency of $4,000
cycles. Electromagnetic waves travel
AZ the same speed as do light waves.
that is $4,000 miles per second. d.
vIding the $4,000 by $4,000 the wave
length would be DOB miles or 396
yards. In radio work II is measured
in meters. A meter is equal TO APP
proximateiy IL yards Converting 1896
yards into meters the "a length
would be 396 divided by IL or $50
meters. This liz the wave length on
which KDkA operates Ii also means
thai the electromagnetic waves sent
ouf from this station have a frequency
Of $4,000 cycles.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
In a radiophone transmlfter there
are two requirements that must be
fulfilled. First there must be a source
OF hIgb-frequency current. say, between
1900 and 100000 cycles so con-
necfed to an antennn and ground sys
tenn that energy In the form Of electro
magnetic waves win be radiated. Sec
ond there must be some method of
controlling this h-frequency current
or modulasing II no fhsf the variations
In the amplitude OF tbs high-frequency
current will be directly proportional
10 the voice or music 10 be transmitted
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The Oklahoma City club finally made
Its selection OF first baseman, decided
TO keep Ray Bates and return Clyde
Anhiertn Los Angeles club
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

Another OF the old-time stars seems
about to drop out. Eddie Fosters job
at third base with the BOSTON Red Sox
seems TO have peer seized by Plttinger.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The Memphis club has taken on
Lewis Phillips. q young outfelder, who
halls from Pittsburgh.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
PITCHER MORTON is LOGICAL
To obtain Control Cleveland Star
Uses Some Small object to
Aim at In practice.

Control seems TO be Guy Mort0nrs
chief concern this spring.
The Blossom never pitches unless
he has a target. A curious fact 4
connection with Guys quest of con.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The Boston Nationals have released
Pitcher AL Perottl to the Waterbury
Eastern league club.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

Warren tcurly, ogden, brother of
Jack Ogden of the Baltimore Orioles,
has signed a contract with Connie
Mack for the Athletics show.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

Rochester and Newport News have
settled their argument over the rights
OF Catcher Harry Lake and Lake will
remain with George Stailings.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

Connie Mack says his rookie catcher,
Berger, is n OF the most wonderful
players he has seen.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
BILLY SUNDAY or LEGION"
Dan HoIiengs, Lecturer, Former
sfretcher Bearer, In Demand In
All Parts of Country.

Sixteen months service as a stretcher-
bearer In France should be excellent
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
Baseball
Notes

The Louisville club purchased
Catcher Tony Brottem from Birming-
ham.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The Chicago Americans have shipped
InfeIder Red Ostergaard back TO Sioux
City and released Pitcher Dudley
Thompson. a soutbpaw, to New Haven.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18
CITIZEN or TWO COUNTRIES
(Wis.) Post, Honored by
6ources, France.

The average American newspaper
sporting editor considers himself
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

&ftt anu lrlcdTFu stNitf D41irf
Thompson. a soutbpaw, to New Haven.
The est. Louis Cardinals are still
signing them from the colleges. An
other new one is Thomas. a southpaw
pitcher with Lynchburg (va.) College.
Manager Wilbert Robinson says that
In Dazzy Vance and Harry SbrIver the
Dodgers have the W. best second
string" pitchers In the National league.
Roy Davis. former oil magnate, who at
tempted to break into professional ball
as a pitcher. With the st. Louis Browns,
has been turned over to the Tulsa
club.
BennIngshoven. the new catcher of
the 81. Louis Cardinals who looks
pretty good to Branch Hickey, was rec
commended by Jack Roche, veteran
catcher.
President Frank Navin has an
nounced that when the 1922 season
closes work VIII be started on adding
a second deck to the grand stand at
the Detroit park.
I sharps who have watched Clyde Bar
foot, q new pitcher with the st. Louis
Cardinals. say he has = twisting fade
away that National league batters are
going 10 find deceptive.
Coast league critics are boosting a
young ouffeldsr named Perry OBrien,
who IL with the Vernon team. he 10
xaid TO be as fast an they make therrei
md a great prospect.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

The est. Louis Cardinals are still
signing them from the colleges. An
other new one is Thomas. a southpaw
pitcher with Lynchburg (va.) College.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

There were LAP trotting and psc-
Ing race : meetings f~incIuding fairsl
held In this country last year. an tn
crease of ITO over 1880.
Belt Valley times. [volume] (Armington, Mont.) 1894-1977, 1922-05-18

Pierre Sergeant, sprint bicycle cham.
pion OF France, will compete In the
Newark velodrome this year.