davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Jorvik, a Morse Town.
Perhaps the Original Name Of York
Was the Bay Of the Horse.

To THE New YORK HERALD: Frank II.
Vizetelly has given us through your col
umns an interesting disquisition on the
derivation and meaning Of the name
New York. which of course hinges ex-
ciusively upon the origin and meaning
of the original city Of York, in York
shire, England.
To the historian and philologist there
Is and can be no connection between
the Latin Eboracum and the Icelandic
or Old Morse name Jorvik. The Latin
name Of the place supposed to be the
site Of the present city of York is first
recorded as Eboracum in 20 A. D., in
which year 1t was constituted a Roman
station by Agricola. and became subse-
luently the principal seat Of Roman
ower in the north. Here Hadran lived
and Severus died. Here too died Con-
tantinus Chorus, father of Constan-
tine the Great.
1t Is idle to speculate upon the Welsh
md Irish forms of the name for York
None Of them is cognate with York. and
York does not derive from the Celtic
any more than 1t does from the Latin
rom the close of the Roman occupation
IN the fifth century to the Norman con-
luest in the eleventh. that is, during
he Saxon and Danish times, the his
tory OF Northumberland becomes rather
cloudy
Eboracum disappears from our ken as
city OF rank, and in Domesday Book
Euruik energies, which Is of course none
other than our old Morse town of Jorvils
pronounced Yore-veek. Now. It Is well
established that all Northumbria is pre-
dominantly of Morse blood. In the Ice
landic sagas there are numerous refer
ences to "Northymbraland," which is
not to be confused with the present
county of Northumberland but desig-
mated all of that land lying to the north
Of the Humber.
This great province was governed by
jarls--earls-at times vassals of the
Norwegian kings. at other times inde-
pendent or holding their fiefs under the
Danish or Saxon kings of England up
to the time OF the Norman conquest in
1905. The name Jorvik signifies a bay
or inlet-vik--of the horse or horses
jor 1t is an error to derive the name
from the Saxon eofor signifying boar.
York descends legitimately from the
Morse or Icelandic Jorvik and Is the
name OF the kings Jester York;, over
whose mortal remains Hamlet moral.
ized. CARL c. PETERSON.
NEW YoRK December 16
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Good Spelling.

That was good spelling test which
Judge EDWIN S. THOMAS tried the
other day on the lawyers and Gov
ernment functionaries in the Fed
eral Building at Hartford, the capital
OF the Wooden Nutmeg State. 1t con-
sisted Of ten simple words in common
use, artfully chosen. Nobody was able
to spell them all correctly. If Judge
THOMAS did not look them up in the
dictionary before he gave them, then
he is master in field of knowledge
that for years neglected Is now re-
ceiving more attention every year.
The words were these: Supersede,
innuendo, inoculate. rarely, vilify, re-
pellent. plaguy, embarrass, harass and
picnicking. These are all words that
might be used in ordinary conversa-
tion without leaving the user open to
criticism as pedantic in his speech.
Yet large number of men above the
average in education were unable to
spell them correctly.
The incident is no reflection on in
tellectuals of the city of Hartford.
Similar results could be expected in
the Federal Building in this city, in
any club, in any high school class,
in any university. There are Of
course persons who are born consti-
tutionally incapable Of correct SPELL
ing to whom no amount Of training
and no end Of exhortations to reform
can do any good. But leaving these
out of account educators and business
men have grown tired of directing at
tention to the universally Of care
less spelling.
College entrance examinations have
for years revealed the extent &c which
poor spelling is characteristic of the
boys who apply for admission to pur-
sue the higher education. The trouble
goes back to the grade schools. Spell
ing may be less interesting for the
child than building a clay reproduc-
tion of the pueblos of the Zufii
Indians, but after all it has a certain
fundamental Importance.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

matter how high it had remained af-
ter the war was over, it was a sacred
cost, so far as concerned giving any
foreign producer an opportunity to
lower it to a reasonable level. And
in the present tariff this is fault
the Executive, under his new powers
to readjust bad rates, should correct
whenever prices are abnormally and
insufferably high for no better rea-
son than that the producer need not
take the trouble to get them down,
although he might be able to get
them down.
TIE New YORK HERALD stands four
square for the American tariff sys-
tenn as it has been developed and
applied to American industries for
generations. There are natural
American standards of wages, stand
ards of living, standards of customs,
manners and morals that must be
safeguarded against the destructive
attacks of foreign pauper labor and
other foreign means OF dangerous
competition.
But excessively artificial standards
Of production costs cannot be en-
forced by misguided legislation or
by any other false methods without
subjecting the country to disaster
as much to be dreaded as the sub
mergence of our domestic markets
under floods of pauper labor goods
from abroad.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
D ally Calendar
THE WEATHER.

For Eastern New York--Fair to-day
tomorrow cloudy and unsettled; mod
crate shifting winds. becoming south
west.
For New Jersey - Fair to-day; TO-
morrow cloudy and unsettled: not much
change In temperature.
For Northern New England - Fair,
with slowly rising temperature to-day
tomorrow cloudy. probably unsettled
For Southern New England-Fair to-
day; tomorrow cloudy and probably
unsettled; not much change in tempera-
ture.
For Western New York - Cloudy.
probably local SHOWS to-day and to-
morrow somewhat warmer to-day;
colder tomorrow or Tomorrow night
WASHINGTON, ID. c.. Dec. ia dis
turbance of moderate intensity was
central over Nova Scotia tonight, an
other was central Immediately north of
Lake Superior and still another was
over the Rocky Mountain and southern
plateau regions. with lowest pressure
over western Colorado. Pressure was
high over all other regions.
This pressure disturbace has been at
tended by precipitation within the last
twenty-four hours in the lakae region.
the upper Ohio valley. the Atlantic and
the Rocky Mountains westward. The
temperature was lower In northern New
England, the Southern lakek region. the
Ohio and lower Mississippi valleys. -the
West Gulf States and the Canadian
Northwest, while there was a reaction
to somewhat higher temperature in
Montana. Wyoming, the Central and
Northern PIains States and in Minne-
sofa.
The indications are for considerable
cloudiness in the States east Of the
Mississippi River during the next two
days and local rains are probable In the
south Atlantic, the East Gulf states.
Tennessee and the lower Ohio valley.
and local SHOWS or rains in the upper
Ohio valley and the lower lake region
by Sunday or Sunday night. The tenn
perature will be lower tomorrow in the
Atlantic States from Virginia southwark
and along the east gulf coast, and it
will rise In northern New England,
northern New York, the lower lake re-
gion, the Ohio and middle Mississippi
valleys Saturday. No important tenn
perature changes are probable Sunday
except that colder weather will again
overspread the lower lake region and
the Ohio valley by Sunday night.
Observa tions at United states Weather Blu
reau stations. taken at +. NJ. yesterday,
seyenty-fifth meridian time:
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
John Wanamaker's Way.
A Characteristic Restriction in thu
Matter Of Advertising.

To THE NEW YORK HERALD: The
newspapers are referring to John wana-
maker as having been active in Sunday
school and Young Mems Christian Asso-
ciation work. and also as having been
q great advertiser.
In 1S77-7s I was connected with the
advertising department of the Sunday
School Times. This publication was
owned by Mr.. Wanamaker. During the
several years that he owned the paper
he never would permit his advertisement
to appear In the Times, nor would he
advertise In the Young Mems Christian
Association publication. Afterward, when
he sold the 7ymos to his former editor
and business manager. he used pages.
G. IL. SropDARr.
CHICAGO, December IL.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
The Weather by Chart.
1t Indicates q Severe Cold Spell and
Two SnowstOrms.

To THE NEW YORK HERALD i have
read the several forecasts concerning
the kind of winter We are to have and
l would like to add mine to the list.
From mid-December to the end of the
month it will be very cold, with tenn
perature much below the normal. The
winter as whole will be colder than
normal. December should have two
showstorms and an extremely cold wave
between December 25 and 81.
l base these predictions not on birds
or geese or any such foolish ideas but
on the daily weather charts since De-
comber /. which have shown unusually
high barometer In the northwest, which
is the only guide to future weather in
the East. Just compare this forecast
with some you have received from New
Jersey and see who is the better prophet.
II. N. THOMPSON.
YoNKERs, December 10.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Elisha Lee Assails Coercion by Labor
Says Letting Workers Have Voice in Industry May
Quell Unrest.

the hearts of men with regard to their
industrial life. They want to feel thai
they are q part of industry and have
right to be consulted and to have
their views and desires given thoughtful
and sympathetic consideration.
"HOnest When Treated squarely.'
There have been some experiments
along this line in the form of working
arrangements commonly known as
employee representation" plans. where
employees have been given unhampered
right to select representatives TO helr
mold the labor policy. and as far rs
1 have been able to learn wherever
management threw the cards on the
table" and placed these men on their
onor they have proved themselves
honest. thoughtful and practical.
ITO my mind no great progress will
be made toward the elimination OF the
present state of unrest unless we estab-
ish an effective substitute for that old
time condition where the employee was
in position to present his point OF view
directly to management and have II
iven careful and sympathetic consid-
ration"
Concerning the trend of prices, Mr..
Lee continued:
1.-The people want. and In some cases
are insistently demanding. lower prices
for manufactured articles and lower
rates for service. This expectation
cannot be realized unless we can find
some means of effecting lower labor
costs, either In the form OF readJusted
wages. increased production per man
per hour. or both. This arises from the
fact that labor Is not only the largest
individual item entering into the costs.
but If we analyze the cost of any pro-
duct sufficiently, We shall find that
labor represents ultimately nearly all
the cost.
Anthracite coal in the ground Is worth
only few cents per ton--at least that
is the basis on which anthracite bearing
land is bought and sold. Anthracite In
your cellar is worth fifteen or sixteen
dollars per ton. Practically all of the
difference represents wages or COM
pensation for labor or effort paid to
different people handling the coal be-
tween the workings of the mine and the
bin of the consumer. In other words
the cost delivered is largely labor.
In the case Of the railroads. their own
payrolls constitute about go per cent.
of the costs of operation, and fuel and
material costs. which make up nearly
all the other expenses, are in them.
selves almost altogether wages paid to
other workers.
THE main problem in reducing costs.
whether of products or service. lies.
therefore, in obtaining the cooperation
of labor. Thus far. that cooperation
has not been forthcoming with suffi.
cient readiness to make satisfactory
progress"
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Whom Beauty HallOws.

Withdraw. withdraw, speak not to me
at all.
For I have walked with Beauty In
the dark
And this is not myself Before the call
To sunrise woke the world, thin,
blue spark
or longing kindled all my heart to
flame:
A voice that was no voice, but vapor
blown
From lips of misty softness. breathed
name,
A name 1 knew not. yet had always
known.
I followed on. So still the silence hung
About the nights black orb my own
breath sang;
From heavens door a moonlit censer
swung;
And hill to hill remembered music
rang,
Within whose sweetness still my senses
swoon.
Who walks with Beauty comes not back
so soon!
HELEN FRAzEE- BOWER.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

Beyond where Carmel Water
Winds softly singing down,
The Santa Lucia ridges
Roll upward bare and brown.
Touched by the mornings magic
They seem to sway and swim:
Lit by the MONDAY rapture
They shine like seraphim.
Swept by thc surge of suneet.
They show no gaping scars:
Like giant purple ramparts
They rise beneath the stars.
They reach before the vision
Wlstful, remote and strange;
They are like life--evasive
In its eternal change.
CLINTON ScoLLARI
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

Elisha Lee. vice-president of the Penn
sylvania Railroad. told the Associated
Technology Clubs at the Engineers Club
in 80 West Thirty-ninth street last
night that the main problem In reduc-
ing costs. whether OF products or ser.
vice, lies in obtaining the cooperation
Of labor. This. he said, has not beer
forthcoming thus far with sufficient
readiness to make satisfactory prog.
ress. He added:
I'VE have In this connection two gen.
eral factors to deal with. One Is the
attitude OF our labor unions. and the
other Is the restriction of immigration
The latter is a matter of public policy.
Collective bargaining. In some form or
another, Is with us and l for one see
little likelihood Of its abandonment. II
probably represents the only practicable
basis by which the labor relationships
of large masses of workers can be dealt
with and adjusted.
1.-THE thing is to distinguish between
collective bargaining and collective
coercion. Unfortunately. we have
great deal Of the latter; so much SC
that certain large and important groups
OF workers have been able to retain, IN
practical entirety. the highest inflated
wage scales which prevailed during the
war period.
1--WE must cure that condition by a
process of education, and by directing
the pressure of public opinion against
the attitude of those groups Of workers
who persist In substituting coercion for
bargaining in their collective relations
with society,"
Wages Not Always Behind Strikes
Mr. Lee said he felt that society often
is misled by the expressed demancs IN
volved in concerted labor movements
rather than the underlying causes for
these demands. 1t Is a popular idea
that the predominating cause OF strikes
is a desire for increased wages. but Mr.
Lee said that as matter OF fact the
element OF wages is. in a large percent
age of strikes, only injected after the
organization has been completed and
functioning for some umc. He went on
MANY strikes are called without any
mention of wages at ali. There is q
deeper cause than wages or hours oi
labor. | believe that .he chief under
lying cause of labor unrest making IT.
self felt In the form Of labor unions OF
other concerted labor movements Is the
human desire to have an unoppressed
voice in all deliberations where labor
policies are involved.
"The same spirit. 1t seems to me-
which has prompted men to overthrow
kingdoms in the old country from time
to time and fighting to n successful con-
cluson the revolutionary war In ouf
own country, Is quite as pronounced IN
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

not write this address. 1t was pre-
pared for me-"
The clerk behind the counter tells
the customer: II can sell you an
other article, but conscience COM
pels me to admit that 1t is not as
good as the one you ask for"
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

Mr.. and Mrs. MALIcH FISHER of
317 East 1929 street celebrate their
diamond wedding to-day. In their
married life the electric telegraph,
the electric light, the telephone, the
phonograph. radio. automobiles, the
X-ray, radium and other amazing
things unknown when they first were
bride and bridegroom have been added
to the everyday instrumentalities
serving mans comfort and conven-
fence. But nothing new in means to
effect material betterment has been
devised by man that is capable of
giving them the satisfaction, the
pleasure. the enduring peace and con-
tentment they have derived from the
simple joys Of companionship in re-
spect and affection-Joys as old as
humanity and as young'as the young
est Of lovers.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Plea for Christmas.
Should Il BE Spared When the HOll.
day Calendar Is Reformed?

remind your correspondents who advo-
cate the abolition Of all holidays except
Independence Day that we are not liv-
ing in the Dark Ages? We have plenty
OF business days. and life to most people
would be very gray without a holiday
now and then.
Imagine, for instance. taking no no.
tice of Christmas Day! What a sordid
world II would be with nothing but
working days.
EDITH BURLINGTON DINsMoRE.
NEw York, December 10.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Case for Coue.
From m. Industrial bulletin.

most unusual compensation case was
passed on recently by one Of the New York
state Department OF Labor referees. Mr..
!. J. Blackford. The claimant. man named
Ryan. filed claim for mercurial poisoning.
which he maintained he had contracted while
employed In Newburgh hat works.
The claim was dlsallowed on the report
Of noted expert who. after examining the
claimant. said the man had no merc"rini
poisoning. but suffered from fear OF II. In
other words he had what tho physician calls
fear neurosis.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
Bonar Law on Reparations.

Bonar Law on Reparations.
When DAVID LLOYD GEORGE fell
many persons in France, despite all
contrary evidence, believed that his
successor would more readily accept
M. PoTNCAREs forward policy in deal
ing with Germany and reparations.
Thursdays proceedings in the House
of Commons were so staged as to
leave no further doubt in anybody's
mind that British common sense is
united in it's desire to tackle, reso-
lutely if calmly. the financial prob
lem which lies at the root of Europe's
basic troubles and avoid further
occupation of German territory
1t is indeed remarkable that on
the very morrow of a general cleo
tion of unusual bitterness opposi-
tion leaders as widely apart as are
LLOYD GEORGE, RAMSAY MACDONALD
and Mr.. AsQUITH should agree upon
joint reparations questions to the
Prime Minister, BoNAR LAW. and
that there should have been consulta-
tions in private with the Government
before those questions were put in
the House of Commons.
AS calmly and as dispassionately
as any judge upon the bench the
British Prime Minister summed up
tbo ,,o1;ox, ;vst; rf;vo1v c,,pporf ad nv
the whole British people. However
important his references to America
may hereafter prove to have been,
his speech was primarily addressed
to France, and it is in France that
it's first effect will be seen. His words
come at time when they may well
have great influence not only in de-
termining the course Of the Minis
esrial crisis in France but also in
shaping the general trend of French
policy.
What is M. PoINCARE's position?
When his predecessor, M. BRIAND,
fell the Chamber returned at "hori-
zon blue" elections gave M. PorNcARE
chance to fulfill the promise for
many months previously held out to
the country in his writings as to the
exaction Of payment from Germany
A long trial has been given to him,
and to-day many men who were
among his most ardent supporters
declare their disappointment at his
failure to realize his program.
The lobbies of the Chamber of Dep
uties now resound with impassioned
discussions of possible successors to
M. PoINcARE M. BARTHoU, president
Of the Reparations Commission, who
has shown-notably at Genoa-indi-
cations Of desire to follow less
uncompromising path than that trod-
den by NJ. PoINcARE,. is among the
possible candidates, as are M. ANDRE
TARDIEU, NJ. CLEMENcEAU's hench-
man, and NJ. LoucHEUR, the business
politician.
Frenchmen take a passionate in
tcrest in Cabinet making, but their
Parliament now has before It larger
work than the mere shuf1ling Of the
cards Of Office. The people Of France
we're taught in the past to see in the
wizardry of LLOYD GEORGE the only
obstacle in the path Of their Gov
ernment's policy. To-day they have
to reflect upon the meaning of Brit
aims unified front and the many in
dications forthcoming of American
feeling and stirring interest in rep
arations and the Ruhr.
The calm statement by BoNAR LAW
of a common sense attitude has
brought very much nearer the day
when France will have to make her
choice, not so much between men
and parties as between principles
and methods.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
A Missourinn's Bank.

From the Kansas City Times.
keg under the smokehouse Mt his home
was the bank that Morgan Pummll OF Hous-
tonia kept his money In. lie admitted u on
his death bed, and when his daughters went
10 collect hia deposlt--yes. u was really
there. $1,000 In silver dollars and smaller
change down to pennies, Of which there
were also 1000.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

Polly. the parrot from British Hon.
duras who died the other day at her
home in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,
must be envicd of all prima donnas
who have heard that she kept right on
singing up to the age OF SO without
having to resort to a single farewell
appearance.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
No Columbus, No Fourth.

To THE NEW YORK HERALD: II 1nde-
pcndence Day Is allowed to stay Column
bus Day would reasonably have to be
retained also. For IL Columbus hadn't
discovered America where would your
Independence Day come from?
THERESA PAINE.
NEW YORK. December 1b. :
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
PUBLIC LECTURES TONIGHT

MANHATTAN AND THE BRONX.
.'Trend OF the Times" Prof. Nelson Y.
Mead. Townsend Harris Hall. g. G. N. y,
Amstsrdam avenue and 13sth street.
plays of the Hour Miss Ada Sterling.
American Museum of Natural History, Sew
ty-seventh street and Central Park West.
"Contributions Of Americans OF jewish
Descent TO Our National Growth and DE-
veloument." william I. Sirovch, NJ. d..
Cooper Institute, Eighth street and Fourth
avenue.
.tIow 10 Become a Real American" Jonas
I.ippman. Labor Temple. Foufteenth street
and Second avenue.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

A feminine shoplifter has been ar
rested with seven shaving mugs in
her possession. and philosophers who
opposed votes for women see in this
incident confirmation Of their worst
fears about the effect of tho ballot on
those whose place was once the home.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

Tbe Associated Press IL exclusively entitled
10 the use for republication of all news dis
Matches credited to u or not otherwise
credited IN this paper. and also the local
All tights OF republication Of special dis
patches herein are also reserved
The New York herald., 1922-12-16
MAIL SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

All checks, mOpsy orders, &c, 10 oe HA"S
payable to The Sun-Herald.
Branch offices for receipt OF advertisements
and sale of papers:
PRINCIPAL UrrowN OFF1cE-BsoApNAv AT
37rH sr Entrance 1867 broadway Teie-
phone Fitz Roy 1900. Open until II midnight
HARLEM ofFTcr-2o0 WEST l25Tu ST. NEAR
snESrH AVE Tel. T94 MorninGside. open
until II midnight.
WASHINGTON HEIGHTS oFFcE-os5 WEST
1s1sr ST. TEL 9o9s wadsworth. Open until
10 P. NJ.
SIXTEENTH ST. oFrcB-CoKSER i6rH sr. AND
SEVENTH AVE Tel. Chelsea 1000. Open all
day and night.
BRooKiyA OFFTcEs-2l CoURT ST. Tel. TIL
angle 1850 Open until 10 +. NJ.
BRoNx OFfIcE-j1S WILLIS AVE-. At lisTH
Sr. Tel. 1886 Melrose. Open until 10 T. M'
Principal American and Foreign Bureaus.
WASHINGTON-Th Munsey Building.
CHICAGO-2OS South La Sale st.
LONDON-40-43 Fleet st.
PARIS-49 Avenue de fOpera, ~ Kne Gu
Louvre.
LIN-Dorotheenstrasse "a CHof LinSs).
ROME-56 Via Gregoriana.
DUBLIN-27 Westmoreland st.
The New York herald., 1922-12-16

THE New YORK HERALD was founded oy
James Gordon Bennett in 1885. 1t remained
the sole property of its founder until his
death, in 1872. when his son, also James
Gordon Bennett, succeeded to the ownership
of the paper which remained in his hands
until his death in 1918. TIE HERALD be-
came the property of Frank A. Munsey. its
present owner, in 1920