davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
Cotton Warehouses Leased by
South Carolina cooperative

Special Dispatch to The Tribune
sPARTANBURG, s. J, Aug. 2e. The
South Carolina branch of the Ameri-
can Cooperative Cotton Marketing AS
ISOLATION has leased the warehouses of
the spartanburg County Warehouse
Company at Camp Wadsworth, and
Spartanburg will become the cotton
warehousing center of the associa-
toms activities in upper South arolina.
The County Warehouse Company's' Of
fees on Walnut Street in the city Of
Spartanburg will be turned over to the
cotton association also. The lease is
for ore year and carries the privilege
Of renewal. Howard B. Carlisle, presi-
dent of the Spartanburg Chamber of
Commerce, states that the chamber
will begin inquiry into the matter of
freight rates by way Of cooperation
with the cotton association in secur-
ing reasonable rate on shipments.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
Progress in Brasil

Brazil is also progressing. Her cot
ton production has more than doubled
in less than twenty years, increasing
from 1000 bales in 1904-o5 to $4,000
bales in 1922. The Sociedade Ma
cional de Agriculture of Brazil is ar
ranging a conference on the subject of
increasing cotton growing, to be held
next October.
In a previous article it was shown
that from s42 carefully kept records,
the total cost of cotton production in
widely separated places in the Ameri-
can cotton belt varied from eight
cents to SLOT a pound, and as many
OF the items that go to make up the
total show almost as wide a diver
gence, one is forced to the conclusion
that foreign competitors have good
chance to compete on at least equal
terms with considerable percentage
of American growers.
The most important item in the cost
of production is man and mule labor
which constitutes from 65 to 70 per
cent of the expenses of growing cot
ton In general there is an oppor-
tunity of reducing the cost per unit of
product by increasing the yield, yet,
contrary to this accepted idea the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

The record. however, shows that dur,
ing the twenty years 184l.'60. this
country produced within a fraction OF
70 per cent Of the total, whereas, dur
ing the last ten years, during which
the boil weevil has thoroughly estab-
lished itself and propaganda for re-
strlctsd acreage has become an OBJ
try produced only So per cent of the
commercial cotton crop of the world.
AS bearing on thss aspect Of the
question, one is tempted to ask what
would become of the oft boosted South
ern God given monopoly" of cotton
production. If Venezuela. for example,
had an abundant supply of agricu.
tural labor? Venezuelan cotton grow
'ers admitted during the slump Of 1920
that with guaranteed price of 5.i3
cents pound for clean / SIG of an
inch staple Int cotton they would not
lose money On their crop.
Cotton in VenezueEa
1t is timely to examine briefly the
situation in Venezuela because condi-
those existing in many another coun-
try lying within the world cotton
growing zone north and south of the
Equator in both hemispheres.
Cotton is natural product of Vene-
uela and has been cultivated since 1882,
and became important during our
Civil War. ola Guaria" was long
afterwards a familiar classification in
the Liverpool market and also found a
place in the textbooks of technical
school students thirty years ago. The
fiber is grown to-day in fourteen
states of the republic, within which are
IF ot,
ducing the finest quality Of fiber Of the
American upland varieties. All the
needs Of the native factories are sup
piled by homegrown cotton, the sup
ply formerly coming. in part at least,
from the United States. Corn and
beans are planted between the rows of
cotton, and in most cases these crops
pay for the expense of cultivating and
harvesting; or, at least, planting and
cultivation.
The foregoing particulars, in so far
are taken from "a Commercial and In
dustrial Handbook of Venezuela," by
u s. Trade Commissioner P. l.. Bell,
and as | have on several occasions Wis
tied the State of Carabobo, which is
the largest producer OF the fourteen
cotton growing states, | can confirm
the statements of the commissioner as
to conditions, but have not the corrob-
orative evidence as to costs.
Labor is the Venezuelan stumbling
block. But, as I pointed out in my
article in The Tribune of August 10,
"as costs in this country (the United
States rise, the incentive for foreign
farmers to enter into competition with
our own is strengthened" 1t is palpa-
Bile, too, that if such excellent cotton
can be grown at cost well below six
cents a pound it would not be an overly
difficult task to attract immigration
by offering sufficiently attractive
wages, should the price of American
cotton, as seems in fair way to be
expected, remain we'll over the fifteen
cent mark
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
The Ideal Solution

In ordinary life, if Tom owes money
TO DICK, Dick owes money to Harry,
and Harry owes money to Bill, the OBJ
vious and simple solution would be that
Tom would owe Bill and the Cher
parties would be eliminated and so the
total chain of Indebtedness would be
unwound. and what had looked like
quite large sum when the debts were
al put down on paper side by side
would be solved finally by compare
lively small payment. Such an ar
fangement, however, would only be pos
sible if the credit of the parties were
more or less on the same level, so that
Bill in accepting Toms promise to paw
would be able TO feel that he was not
rendering himself less likely to be able
to collect the money some day.
Applying this principle to the matter
IN hand we see at once that the ideally
simple solution would have been for
the European Allies to pay one another
and the United States in German repa-
ration bonds. If this could have been
done an enormous mass of mutual in
debtedness would have been Cancelled
out, and by the handing over of com
paratlveiy small sum the nightmare
hgures quoted in the first paragraph
OF this article would have ceased to
terrify the imagination of statisticians.
1t America could have seen her way
TO accepting this form of payment
there IS no reason to suppose that she
would have taken in payment a worse
security than she now holds, at least
for great part of the debt; for by
meeting the wishes of the Allies in TAX
ing payment in the form of German
PREPARATION bonds America would GER
tainly have been justified in stipulating.
as part of the bargain that the total
sum demanded from Germany by the
Allies by way of reparation should be
reduced to figure that would be we'll
within Germany's CAPACITY to nav.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
DriUen Into Mergers

One effect of this situation is the
driving together Of small units and
even Of some big concerns into merga.
ers. The silk ribbon trade recent1N
was startled by the announcement
that two of the largest factors in the
field had pooled their resources into a
merger. Only this week two other
ribbon concerns announced the pooling
OF their selling arrangements to
handle the business with retail mer-
chants. In the cloak and suit field,
which is composed almost entirely of
small units, mergers are announced al
most daily. Where actual mergers are
not made one concern goes out of
business and its leading heads ally
themselves with another concern. The
idea is that the member or members
of the firm that went out of business
will carry with them a certain number
of old accounts that will deal with the
new firm, The increased business
tends to cut down overhead, reduce
prices, which in turn augments volume
and profits, and more money is made
for the members of the new firm than
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
E5sgland's Business

1t is thus very evident that before
Europe can expect America to do any
thing for her she has to show clearly
that she is doing something for herself,
and it is surely the business of Eng
land, as the most solvent of the Euro
pean powers, to lead the way with
practical suggestion. For many
months past | have been trying to urge
that we ought to be prepared to ac-
cept payment of the debts of our Eu-
ropean Allies in the form of German
reparation bonds, and then destroy the
bonds so handed over. BY this action
| do not believe that we should be in
ficting upon ourselves any material
sacrifice, since it is extremely unlikely
that our European Allies will ever pay
us a shilling of what they owe, and it
is greatly to our interest that the bill
presented TO Germany for reparations
should be revised and modified.
This is to our interest more than to
that of any other country, because We
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
Holds Allies Cannot Expect U. S. Aid
Until They Show Willingness to
Help Themselves


nesslike basis and apart from po-
litical bias. This is the fact that most
OF the parties concerned are at once
DEBTORS and creditors, and if once the
principle of canceling out claims, one
against the other, can be introduced,
the sum total Of the debt begins to
diminish rapidly.
Thus when we remember that Ger.
many owes money to all the Entente
Aliles on feparation account, that they
nearly all owe money to one another
on war debt account and that they
all owe money to America on the same
account, it begins to look possible to
simplify the matter enormously, if
only it could be deaft with as mat
ter of business.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
Would Unity Industrial
| Financing and Selling
kuthor Proposes Central Body to I'm
derwrite Production and
Distribute Goods
BY Charles T erguson

Formerly Of the State and Commerce Departments
following description conditions in every
the world The characteristics express
selves with various degrees of emphasis but they everywhere
the
Capital goods suggshy from producer consumer
ocy changes slightly from time time tends
h The life of the community depends upon circulation Of
They comprise the materials that supply clothes
hng and They improvements of real
They ali They are
Expensive purpose selling them
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
Keen Competition Is Driving
Business to Cut Overhead
Many Concerns Consolidating to Reduce Costs
Special Efforts Put Forth to Scale Down
Expenses of Selling

sc EDUCE the overhead has become the
business concern in the country that
petition is apparently assured for
tell and tell big in the business world that
never their has the question of
mount position to-day All other things
the lowest by such
the crumbs of business the low
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

Since Germany has, by the process Of
denasing her currency, practically
wiped out her own internal debt it Is
reasonable to suppose that she could.
II gwen time and a fair chance to re-
cover her economic power, easily bear
the burden of an external debt equal
10 the $4,000, 100000 or so that Amer
lea Is owed by the Entante pnuarc
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
l. $. Has No Perpetual
Monopoly ON Cotton
Has Produced Only SIS Per Cent Of the
Worlds Crop in Last Ten FEARS;
Other Countries Progressing
By William Whlzasn

AW cotton for the factories both hespheres viii eventually be
nv in the which proftaby sell
to the And evolution being process
necessary to look into the Cotton production
twenty has been
lea and 1t has been continuously vhemen furiou
denied that the prestige of being the dominant world this
important
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

H.NiuelTCe OF IHIS IS IOund n The strong
position of big companies in fields where
smaller units also are competitors. In
the WOODEN trade, for instance, it is an
open secret that the American Wooden
company by virtue of its large produc-
ton and low overhead, has been able to
make prices that its competitors find it
difficult to follow. Instances similar to
this can be picked out in any number of
industries
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

This is the second Of q series of drti-
cIes on current pressing problems Of Eu-
ropean finances, By Mr.. Withers, former
editor of "The Economist" and perhaps
the most lucid of the British financial
writers. Other articles aoiu appear on
subsequent Sundays, aud will deal NTH
New York uersus London as the ,Uorld's
financial center, and the business recon-
e,y IN England and on the Continent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

II NeSE SSNNNtSS pACN
sc.her in a melee of ceaseless effort
get the highest possible prices. In
neral, it costs about as much TO sell
il goods as it does to produce them
ID shs selling costs tend TO rise. The
Snmanity has no real capital what
Der but the gods that are thus
Sught and sold in its market. 1t is
i misleading figure of speech that
sorey and legal titles are called capt.
81.
Over against this slow-moving and
drinking volume of capital goods
sands an array of human skills and
nodnctive abilities we'll organized in
isseialized units, but badly organized
va whole-and very much under em-
ybyed. The skills and abilities depend
IL their employment upon a multi
tide of unco-ordinated financial agen-
tfs. These agencies represent q vol
sne Of money and legal titles having
nominal value many times greater
han the market value of all the tan
rsle capital goods.
This is so because real capital is
unshable, while nominal capital has
,egal immortality. 1t grows from
generation to generation. In the shape
81 public debts and the funds of neces-
ssry utilities it passes beyond the
mutations of time.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27
Business Sloms DoUn


Through the financial agencies this
seminal capital controls the real CAPT
ns Of the community. The control is
rot systematic. II is vague and form
less. Nobody concerns himself to con-
serve and increase the volume of real
apital. Every new value document
that comes into existence without new
production diminishes the value of
every other document. But no account
Is taken of that fact. The business of
the community slows down. 1t is no.
body's business.
The situation thus described is
eYerywhere treated as if it were an
act of Coda phase of fatal bust
ness cycle" This view is erroneous.
The deadlock can be broken---never to
,eeur. The true financial principle will
be brought to light. and when once re-
vsaled it will be thenceforth impossi-
Bile to obscure it.
The root of the error is our false
assumption that it is impossible to
control the currents of real capital
Otherwise than through the agencies
81 massed money and legal titles. The
srror will be so obvious when once ex-
rosed-we shall see so plainly that
marketable capital goods can be moved
IN new and natural ways-that we
sail never be able to explain to our
6Adren how we came to be deceived.
Our excuse will be our failure to
Twalize the case as it really is. We
bsse not realized the fact that capital
INSISTS mainly of commodities that
tse possessors are trying hard to sell.
Ea have not understood that the rea-
ion why it costs as much to sell goods
tait does to make them is the under
financing of workers that would buy
md use and REPRODUCED they had
credit. We have not noticed that the
\ product of one concern is the capital
/ atsthe next-and so on in circle of
tleeiprocities throughout the whole
length Of DEMONSTRATING system. We
Ihave not observed that the marketing
l0s goods has no necessary relation to
lhe investment of money.
The Solution
Yet, after ali is said in extenuation
ff our error, it will pass into history
hs the most remarkable of epidemic
halucinations that we should have
Imagined ourselves bound and helpless
f-when the fires die in the furnaces
pad the workers cannot work and cam
Wv uuS. Tor the social problem re-
pces itself TO the simple quandary OF
lheap Of unsaleable goods, and an idle
lorknian who would use them as CAPT
II and pay for them out of his product
RI only somebody with credit would
on his bond This is the GordianS
iot that needs TO be cut. A slash of
sword of commonsense will do it.
las things stand every business con-
En- has three principal parts: One to
capital, one to produce goods and
Y 70 sell the goods. Getting capital
y selling goods are difficult and
Ytefu! processes in proportion to the
,dallness and specialization of the
Tiness. It should have been discov-
~ long age that general financing
y, selling agency can serve hun
ssp or thousand production-units
presumably better than they can
afe themselves.
lere, therefore, we have the solution
.1she problem. 1t will certainly be
sied because it offers extraordinary
3oftunities of personal power and
image 1t is a business proposition
y can be put into effect anywhere
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

record Of the S42 farms shows that the
highest percentage OF the total cost
chargeablo 20 labor was on the farms
with the largest per acre yield and
the lowest yield per acre involved tk-
lowest percentage Of the total expend'.
lures for labor. Nevertheless, the man
labor cost is influenced in the indi-
vidual cases of high and low yields.
The figures show taat seventy-hve in
lowest yielc. l76 pounds per acre,
against which a lapov cost Of 1912
was charged, while eghty-uine farms
in Tallapoosa County. Ala, had the
lowest yield of 1T2 pounds per acre
and the higher Iano. cost of 1853
cents per pound. On the other hand,
the labor cost measured By the acre
was s2l.93 in Ellis County, Tex. the
yield being ITS pounds, and for the
county with the highest yield per acre,
PIT pounds in Laurens County, Ca, the
cost per acre for labor was 1921.
being EXCEEDED only BY two other
counties, each with much lower yields.
The Problem of Labor
A recent advocate Of higher cotton
pricas ASSERTS that the lahorer in the
cottSn field earns az average Of twelve
eehte an hour. with which he has 20
euy che product of other laborers vino
earn an average Of s1o0, thus having
to work nine hours in a Gotten field
in order to enable him 70 earn a sufs.
cient amount to enable him TO buy
the product Of one hours work OF
other laborers in less arduous occupa-
tions."
AS have said, It is lack Of labor
that. more than any other single
cause, retards the growing of cotton in
lew fields in other lands 1t may be
that like cause will eventually per-
rnanently curtail American prod uction,
for there is much dissatisfaction in
the rural districts on account of poor
school facilities. which in many cases
have been he cause for a general mi
grafton from the farms 10 the cities.
Then there is the additional fact
that a comparatively very high return
for labor in railroading. coal mining,
building trades and other industries
has a very definite effect in the cost Of
production for cotton and it is a factor
IN making the labor problem the cot
ton fields, especially in the picking sea-
son, more and more insistent as the
years go by.
Contrary to the general opinion held
by those who use cotton in the factory.
commercial fertilizer is used on only
about onethird of the cotton lands.
The exact figure for the current year
is 33 per cent of the cotton acreage. or
roughly, 100000 acres. Two hundred
and ninetyfour pounds of fertilizer
were applied per acre on the average.
and the total fertilizer used was about
1.429,000 tons, with an average value Of
s29.4S per ton, total value OF s42.121.-
U0o, and an average value Of $3.50 per
acre.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-08-27

by group possessed of moderate de-
gree of financial credit A general
and marketing institution,
begun on any scale, will tend to absorb
and control the whole volume of tangi-
bic capital in the market where it
operates. And what happens in one
city will happen in all.
Under some such title as "The III
stitute of Industrial Insurance and
Evaluation" the general financial and
selling agency will offer to underwrite
the production costs and sell the prod
ucts of self-directing Industrial organ
izations for a fixed share, say one
tenth, of their net earnings. The earn
ing power of working organization is
measurable by noting for given
period the difference between the value
of its output and the values used sup
in producing it--including, of course
chinery
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1922-09-07

frame house by the roadside, is pre-
served, there are observation towers
on the elevations, and there are
eighteen miles of beautiful roads ex-
tending to every quarter of the field.
Guides glib Of tongue are at your
service at $500 per trip and these
hurry the visitors so fast there is
little time to more than glance at the
inscriptions.
A beautiful memorial marks the
spot where Lincoln gave his imper-
ishable address, and the graves of
those who fell are kept with tender
care. The plot where the BOYS Of the
northern army are buried is not
large, the bodies being laid very
CLOSELY together. After the battle
they were buried where they fell and
later removed to the central plot.
Even TO this day bones are unearthed
here and there not all being found
when the removals were made.
One should spend days in walking
over this field, instead of hours in a
rapidly moving car The impression
is indelible, however, and after a visit
one realizes this is probably the best
marked field of all mentioned in his.
tory.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1922-09-07

CT cuiZical net',re r1ay e~g~e OFT
the relationship between the visitor
and The Baraboo resident. It is sup
posed all of the Clavadatschers are
related but two instances are recalled
by the local merchant where no con.
nection has been determined. Some
years ago Miss Lizzie Clavadafscber
now Mrs. Gasser of Honey Creek
came from Switzerland but no rela.
tionship with the Wisconsin family
was established. Not long ago T.
Clayadatscher received a card from
r. Dessauer. Milwaukee. stating that
IN his travels in Chur. Switzerland
he had seen several ot he name and
wondered if there VS. 4 relationship
Mr.. Clavadatscher Of Baraboo had
never heard of them.
Born to Mr. and Mrs. Noble SPEECH
er ten pound son. The boy will be
named George Robert.
Mrs. z. II. Marsh, $50 Eighth ave-
nue., passed her saith milestone today
and in honor of the event her daupb.
ter, Mrs. Mabel butcher. arranged q
family dinner. The guests included
Mr.. and Mrs. Irwin Ankenbrandt. Mrs.
Bates and Mrs. Ankenbrandt being
/ daughters of Mrs. butcher and grand
daughters Of Mrs. Marsh. Friends also
extended fluctuations to the pioneer
citizen. Mrs. Marsh was born in
Devonshire. England an6 came 10
BarabOO in 1S49 with her parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Philip Blake. Soon az.
ter the little family moved TO the
Lemonwier where Mr.. Blake died af-
ter a short illness. Through the eff
forts of X. II. Davis, Esquire Davis
Mr.. and Mrs. Otto Bates and son ana
the remains were brought to Baraboo
for burial. Mrs. Marsh attended
school in the first school house. Of
logs, to be erected in the BarabOO
valley. The building stood near the
northwest corner of Seventh avenue
and West street, erected there that
the children of the village of Bara-
boo and Lyons might attend the same
school. There were but few pupils
at that time. z. NJ. Hart taught the
first school in the building abO,.t 1874
and Miss Ruby Cowles, sister of DR..
Charles Cowles, was the teacher when
Mrs. Marsh MARY Blake) attended.
Among the others who went to school
there were Mrs. Rose Morley and
Mrs. William Stanley, both of Bara-
boo.