Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1922-01-10

the surface level so as to get the ut
most power from the water. Here ma!
! be found from IL to 16, or more, grind
| ing machines. In the base of each o
| these machines is huge revolving
grindstone. The bolts are taken from
the water conveyor and fed by han'
into the machines, through apertures
generally three in number, which LEAF
| TO pockets" one side of which is eX
posed TO the grindstonc. They are helC
against the stone by hydraulic press
ure. a stream of water is continual!
forced through the grinders at th'
same time. The result is pulp whicl
looks somewhat like thin porridgc. 1
flows into a large tank beneath The
floor OF the g'inder room, from whence
it is pumped into the paper mill.
Making chemical pulp is a much
more involved process, of which there
are two particular methods more gen.
orally In use-the sulphate and sulphitt
processes. l shall describe the latter
method here, as the two arc quite sim
liar, sulphate + soda being used in the
one instead Of sulphurous acid, as il
the other.
After leaving the barkers, bolts des-
tined to be converted into sulphite pu'r
Ire carried by water to chipper which
literal eats them up. They go in as
bolts at one end and come out chips at
the other. These chips are from one
half to five -eighths of an inch in thick
ness and look like those which are
made by a beaver, or by none too en-
ergetic axman. Unlike the grinder in
he ground wood process the object of
the clipper is not to reduce the wood
TO a pulp, but to preserve as long f.
oer as is practicable.
The chips then pass over screens
which remove all saw dust and other
ine'y ground wood, as well as chips
that are too large to be dealt with sat
isfactori.y by the digesters. After be-
'ng screened they are placed in large
iron tanks each having a capacity OF
rom 20 to "a cords Of pulpwood, or
about twelve tons of sulphitc pulp. TIC
the wood is now added about 5000 gal
'ons OF sulphurous acid. which has pre-
viousy been filtered through. limestone,
The whole mass is then subjected for
upward Of "a hours, to steam heat run
ling up to 145 degrees, centigrade. Aft
,r cooking, the chips, to the eye, seem
very little changed, excepting that they
appear to be a shade darker. They
lave undergone just about the same de-
yree of variation in color that slices Of
,pple present after being exposed to
the air for a few hours. But the ma
lure Of the chips has been altered.
Whereas, before they were hard; now,
hey are soft and capable of being
squeezed into a pulpy mass with the
land.
Sulphite pulp is used for the manu-
'acture of the best qualities of paper.
i produces paper having greater
tensile strength because Of the long
ibers which the sulphitc process does
not destroy, as Is the case in the grind
ing process.
Besides this, the bleaching action OF
:hc digestive process makes Il lighter
,olored pulp, and consequently is more
suited to the better grades Of paper.
Some mills merely manufacture pulp
md do not finish II into paper, but ship
heir product to other mills; or there
Ire times when more pulp is manu-
'acturcd than is required for the paper
mill and il is desired to store it until
( is needed. In such cases the pulp,
lftcr leaving the grinders or digcsters,
passes through machine known as
decker" which allows great deal of
he water TO drain off, reducing it once
lgain to poITidgc-iikc consistency,
;fter which it goes to what is known
s a wet machine" where ii is picked
ID by cylinder of brass wire cloth
)yerlaid by fclt, and from thence trans
erred to travelling felt belt on which
t looks like so much SoddCn blpttinc
,aped. II is here cut into sections and
,aDcr II is here cut into sections and
This sab of pulp is technically known
IS q LAP" AS 1t leaves the 'wct ma
,hine" it contains about 70 per cent. OF
water. The laps are placed in hydrau-
ic presses and squeezed until the
water content is reduced to about 40
Der cent. and they arc then stacked
way in the mill yard for later use, or
ire loaded into cars and shipped to pa
Der mills elsewhere in Canada or in the
United States, as the case may be.
We are dealing here more particu-
.arly with the manufacture OF news
,rint. The process is approximately
he same for all other kinds of paper.
n making newsprint, pulp mixture
containing about 20 per cent. sulphite
and 80 per cent. ground wood pulp is
used.
The mixture is done in a machine
known technically as a "beater
through VIII ch the stream Of pulp and
water flows 1t is here thoroughly
stirred and mixed by rotating paddles
The process of beating is one of the
most important in paper making. Here