The New York herald., 1922-01-19

NclAleIcuCe VIII last lot dHolhci AiiShN.'
The withdrawal of Article of the
open door definition by the American
delegation is explained on the ground
that this is not a congress where re-
suits are decided by majorities. All
have to agree and the task Is TO find
some common point where all may find
common resting place.
The explanation was accompanied by
the significant statement by an Ameri-
can spokesman that the purpose of what
is going on now is 10 aid China In estab-
fishing a stable and sound government.
but the Powers can do nothing beyond
extending help. China must establish
her own government. and this particular
spokesman added that when the present
condition of China is considered ''it will
be seen that this remark is full of
meanings"
british Attitude surprises.
That Japan and France should join
hands In defeating adoption of Article
4 of the Hughes resolution was not un-
expected. but the attitude of the British
delegation was a surprise. Ambassador
Geddes had aided in preparing the
Hughes resolution and the British dele
cation appeared to be standing beside
the Americans in urging its adoption
There was considerable amazement, ac-
cordingly, when Sir Robert Borden was
the first to suggest scrapping Article A.
which was so Objectionable to the Japa-
nese.
This much stands out from the dus.
of the debate-the Powers have adopted
the principle of the open door for the
future, with definitenesS that never
before has been approached. This is in
itself. 1t is acknowledged, a great step
forward
feature of the debate to-day as
told in the official communique was an
effort on the part of Amba ssador Shide-
hara Of Japan to make IT appear that
the Hughes definition of the open door
was new application. and went far
beyond the application and scope of the
doctrine advanced by the late John
Hay when he first enuncisted it..
Hughes Shows Parallel.
Secretary Hughes promptly took oc-
casion to read into the record the inter
national documents bearing on the sub
Ject showing that the purpose of the
Hay doctrine was similar to that which
Secretary of State Hughes has under
taken to define. These documents also
showed that the purpose Of the doctrine
and its far reaching scope was under
stood at the time by all the Powers,
Japan included.
One slight amendment was made in
the wording of Article / of the Hughes
resolution which pledges the Powers not
TO support its nationals in seeking mo-
nopolistic rights from provincial gov
ernments." This was changed to 'local
authorities" "a ss
One Of the important features of the
Hughes open door resolution Is that
China pledges to govern herself in con-
nection with the principle In granting
future concessions. The afternoon ses-
sion Of the Far Eastern committee un-
dcrtcok consideration of the Chinese
Railroad question, which Ambassador
Geddes of Great Britain described as
one Of the avenues leading from the
'open door,
Secretary Hughes dwelt on the neces-
sity of dealing with this question
frankly, and called especial attention to
the case of the Chinese Eastern, which
is Chinese-Russian railroad, now in
the hands of an international commits
sion. 1t will be the policy of the confer
ence to keep this important artery OF
trade open although 1t Is improbable
that ii will be turned over now to the
ernment of Russia. The international
control will probably be continued.
Goddess Resolution on Roads.
Ambassador Geddes undertook to
create a formula for the management of
Chinese railroads which has as its pur-
pose the eventual amalgamation Of the
lines and which aims to prevent any
favoritism as to rates or management
in favor of any group of nationals. This
resolution follows:
The Chinese Government declares
that throughout the whole Of the rail-
ways in China, 1t will not exercise
or permit any discrimination what
ever, direct or Indirect, in respect Of
charges or of facilities on the ground
of the nationality of passengers or
the countries from which or to which
they are proceeding, or the origin or
ownership of goods or the country
from which or to which they are con-
signed, or the nationality or owner
ship Of the ship or other means of
conveying such passengers or goods
Sssore or after their transport on the
Chinese railways.
The other powers represented at
this conference take note of the above
mig declaration in respect of any OF
the aforesaid railways over which
they OF their nationals are In a posi-
tion TO exercise any control in virtue
of any concessions, special agreement
or otherwise.
Any question arising under this
declaration may be referred by the
Powers concerned to the Board OF
Reference, when established, for con-
sideration and report.
The committee decided to name a
committee of experts who shall evolve
a method of dealing concretely with the
Chinese railroad situation. This COM
rnittee consists of ID. G. Poole. head of
Far Eastern division, State Department.
for the United States; Lemaire de
warzee. Belgium: NJ. w. Lampson.
Great Britain; Dr. Hawking Yen.
China: NJ Kammerrr. France; Count
Emiliano Pagliano, Italy; Mr.. Matsu-
daira, Japan; Mr.. De Kat Angelina.
Netherlands, and Capt e. de Vascon-
celios. Portugal.
In the debate on Far Eastern condi-
tlons Ambassador Shidehara dwelt on
the Importance of having II understood
that China will not withhold her natural
resources from development by the
world and for the world,