davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-11-19
Engineers Of Nation Support
Movement Against l2-Hour Day

Engineering leaders agree with
John d. Rockefeller, jr.. i'll his decla-
ration against the twelve-hour day.
Results of a nationwide survey of
forty continuous industries made by
tho committee on work periods IN
continuous industry Of the Federated
American Engineering Societies, 1t
was stated, bear out the contention
that the two-shift system is socially
unwise and economically unneces-
sary.
In statement issued by Dean
Mortimer e. Cooley Of the University
Of Michigan it was asserted that the
views Of Mr.. Rockefeller represented
"a tendency prevailing throughout
was falling in line with Europe and
Asia. The findings Of the engineer
ing committee, according to Bradley
StovEhton, chairman of the iron and
steel committee Of the American In
stitute of Mining and Metallurgical
Engineers, applied generally to tho
steel industry. ;:
Mr., Stoughton, formerly adjunct
professor of metallurgy In Columbia
University, conducted special In
auiry into hours of labor in the steel
Industry and reached the conclusion
that three shifts of eight hours each
should be adopted. both from the
standpoint of the industry itself and
of the general public.
Horace B. Drury Of washington.
former member Of the faculty Of Ohio
State University. who directed the
general investigation for the engi-
neerinE federation, asserted that,
while There sis q natural divergence
of opinion as to the advantages and
Evening star., 1922-11-19

ing plants installed: many OF tn
tricity: gas and city water were
piped to Congress Heights: more
macadam sidewalks were laid: ana Il
single-track line gave way to 1noo
ern double track car line. Wnat
brought 1T all about? Largely the
demand created by steel mill en-
ployes.
Another angle: At the present time
there is very little demand for semi
skilled labor In the District. There
are dozens of men now living In
washington and earning from $16 I"
S25 per week who In Industrial lines
could earn from 81 to S. per day.
Think what this additional earning
capacity would mean In added COM
forts in the homes where these men
are heads of families, and think of
the additional amount OF money that
would be put in circulation.
Let US continue to add to the beau
ties Of our washington. but at the
same time not be selfish in the enjoy
ment, of tho same.
HAn industrial area" would benefit
more than simply "a few men," An
Industrial area" would actually bcn"-
fit thousands of men, and not only Tia"
men, but their wives and growing
children. And. further, mechanics in
other lines would be benefited. and
tradesmen and professional men. with
the members of all of their families.
There Is no limit to- the possibili
ties. Fs~s
BY all means let w have an indus
trial area on the Potomac"
WALTER L RA14.AHD.-
Evening star., 1922-11-19
Education of Young Manhood of America
Held Essential Part of National Defense

minology for classifying men with
respect to physique, skill and kno~i-
edge, were among the most serious
causes of delay In mobilization TOT
the world war.
Deficient in Education.
With regard to general education,
Army tests showed that about one
fourth Of the young men of the coun-
try could not read simple English
understandingly or write an intelli-
gent letter. About half of these were
foreign born, who, though subject to
draft for national defense. had not
yet learned the tongue of their adopt
ed country. The dele gates were In
formed that about half Of the chill
dren drop out Of school before the
end Of the seventh grade. too young
to have well grounded conceptions OF
social and economic relations. Om-
cials were amazed during the recent
war to find out how many OF the
drafted men had only the yaguest
ideas of why America was hghtmg
and it was inspiring to them to see
the eagerness with which the men
absorbed such meager instruction on
the subject as could be given here
and there in the Army.
Thus, it was emphasized. half OF the
population of the United States is an
easy prey to much Of the subversive
propaganda that Is being pushed SO
Evening star., 1922-11-19

disadvantages Of the three-shift op-
Grafton, the weight Of the evidence
and the most positive statements are
in favor Of the three-shift operation" !"
DR.. H. E. Howe of the National Re-
search Council, Washington. who was
tion's committee on work periods
said that the engineering view. based
upon two years of scientific in
quiry, was shared by high oficials at
Washington. DR.. Howe predicted
that the engineering report on hours
of labor. which, he said. would In the
American people In complete form.
enRender Industrial experimentation
that might prove Of vast advantage
to the nation.
Many prejudices existed against a
change in tho length of-shifts among
managers. who are now likely to
light, according to DR.. Howe. who
thought that there was q growing
spirit Of service in all classes. The
work Of the engineer, he said, should
be a large factor in bringing about
tai and labor.
other engineering leaders, indors-
ing Mr.. Rockefeller's position as
welcome evidence of sound indus
trial philosophy that is forming in
America, said that one OF the moSf
hopeful facts determined by the en-
Eineering investigation is that the
working man is benefited rather than
spoiled by the extra leasure heo en-
Joys under the shorter day.
J, Parke Claiming and L r. Al
ford, members Of the committee on
work periods, said that the general
advantages accruinE from the eight
hour day compensated for any extra
cost Involved In the transition from
tie two-shift system Of twelve hours:
Evening star., 1922-11-19
ssIndustrial Area'' Plea.
10 the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The star:
Let uh have an industrial area on
the Potomac"
am a steel mill worker and at the
same time a washingtonian by
adoption. I, too. have lived In the
Pittsburgh section. I have now lived
in the District of Columbia for over
fifteen years and own residential
property in the Congress Heights Sec
ton Of tho District.
viii the smoke from an industrial
area" situated on the outskirts OF the
District, Interfere with the beauties
Of the city? Judging from the ex-
perienoes of the residents Of the Con-
zress Heights section, say no.
For q period of fifteen years there
was a steel plant IN operation on the
bank Of the Potomac. just below Con-
eress Heights. During all that time
I never heard a resident of this Sec
tion complain about the smoke from
the steel mill.
Rather than being detriment. this
steol mill raised the standards OF ltv-
Ing in this section.
Before the mill was built and put
In operation the houses were. built
without cellars. only few OF the
houses were wired for electricity and
in none of the houses were modern
plumbing fittings to be found.
The steel mill came and brought
with 1t highly trained and we'll paid
workmsn. These workmen demanded
comfortable houses in which to live.
and were both able and willing to
nay for the same. As q result many
Of the older houses were remodeled
and equipped to meet the demands
Of tho steel mill employees
Cellars were dug and modern heat.
Evening star., 1922-11-19
Speaker Cillett to Be
Veteran of the House

Coming into the new Congress mex,
March. Representative Frederick H.
Gillett of Massachusetts,. speaker OF
the House, will have new honor and
dignity as the veteran member-nor
veteran by seniority of age. which
distinction goes to Gen. Isaac X. Sher-
wood, who returns in his eighty
eighth year-but veteran by length
of service.
Speaker Gillett on March 3. 1928.
will have completed thirty years Of
continuous service in the House. and
BY that very token is believed to hold
the all-time record for continuous
service. Uncle Joe" Cannon will bs
going out with the record of forty
six years. which will probably never
be euualled in the future. as it never
was in the past-but Cannon's servic"
was not consecutive, as Speaker Gil
let's has been.
Senator Lodge began his continu
Gus service in the Senate on the sam"
date as Gillett in the House-March
4. 1898.
Evening star., 1922-11-19
Suggests ssHurt No One'
AS Substitute Slogan
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Kindly grant me little space in
your paper that I may give few
thoughts on the traffic topic. / am
gratified to know that a general drive
is about to be opened in this city
against traffic accidents. for it is my
custom to walk the streets. But the
suggested slogan Of Don't get hurt"
strikes me as altogether too narrow.
since 1t seems to apply only to the
pedestrian-the hurtee. I would sug-
gest a substitute, or addition. by
making the slogan Hurt no one"
This admonition would apply to the
killing-vehiole-the hurter. The
hazard and havoc we are experiencing
came with the automotive machines.
and these should be compelled to
adapt themselves to necessary condi-
tions of safety for all. have walked
the street of this city for years and
have never met with a traffic acci-
dent. Since the advent of self-mov-
ing machines I have found that the
safest place to cross the streets is
not at tho intersections thereof, but
between such intersections, where the
pedestrian has to watch In but two
directions-first to the left and then
to the right. At least three-fourths
Of the people of this city walk the
streets from choice or necessity, and
I am confident that the great major
ity of these will agree with my state
ments.
The city has a terror in its midst.
and it should be carralled. Cut down
the speed rate at least one-half and
severely punish the auto owners by
fine, imprisonment or forfeiture OF
license, or by all these punfshments;
The machine movements here shou!d
be accommodated to those who walk
circumspectly. There Is no necessity
for the rapid travel we see every day
and hour in this city. 1t Is the mad.
reckless. senseless driver that causes
the trouble. It Is criminal and should
be suppressed. u,,1,s
Evening star., 1922-11-19
''As l See 1t"
Continued from First Pase)

this is a perfect world IL the price
Of butter and eggs were only not
lutte so high. The Appeal to Reason
when 1t appeared in the eighties ana
rather miraculously spread its raw
head and bloody bones Of socialistio
propaganda over the land became the
synonym of all that was treasonable
and wicked in the politics of = staid
and respectable American majority.
Tho Appeal was edited by a mild
hammered man named Wayland ana
it was always In trouble with the
government The mild man wore
his life out, having made mint OF
money; and his sons had no taste for
the front door of the jail. SO they
sold It to the editor who changed Its
name and its policy last week.
His problem was most modern
problem. having an organ of opinion
which which he Is out Of agreement.
MANY q rich man today hnds him
self owning a newspaper or g pub
fishing business with clientele
utterly out of sympathy with his
ideas. The business generally Is
money-maker as q propaganda fac
tory; but II he loathes the propa-
Eanda by reason of q change Of heart.
what Is he to do? In the case of
young Mr.. Haideman- Julius, who
owns the Appeal to Reason and can
no longer subscribe to the socialist
creed, he has come to believe in in
Respectable citizens
need not feel more comfortable In
their beds because Of Mr.. Haldeman-
Julius change Of heart. Individual
ism pressed to the ultimate which
q restless soul may go might easily
Evening star., 1922-11-19

definite standards of physical fitness
have been set, but in civil life no
standards have been definitely fixed.
The War Department heads believe
that II such standards in civil life
could be established much greater
deflniteness could be given to physi-
cal training throughout the country
and that the individual citizen could
be given a definite goal at which to
aim.
Technical Skill Lacking.
Concerning the second basic quail
.fication, skill. the conferees were told
that trade tests applied to drafted
men showed that only one-third Of
those who claimed skill In a trade
had enough to be rated as q journey
man. During the war, it was pointed
out, the Army had to give technical
training to some 1.225.ooo men to
meet the Army's needs for technical
skill.
Furthermore, officials found that
there apparently were no generally
accepted specifications, aptitude tests
or tests Of efficiency to guide schools
in discovering individual abilities and
in placing young men in technical
positions suited to their skill and
temperament. Tho lack of such a
definite means for the adjustment of
the youth to his task in life. and
the lack of equally well defined ter
Evening star., 1922-11-19
Lincoln Memorial Pool.
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
In a recent issue of The Star an
item appeared regarding the reflect
ing pool of the Lincoln Memorial, In
which the statement is made that
marsh gas has caused certain fail
ures in the concrete floor of the re-
flecting pool in front of the beautiful
Lincoln Memorial"
This statement is so far in Gro:
that it should be corrected. In the
first place the floor of the rejecting
pool does not contain any concrete.
The floor is composed of cinders i'm
pregpated with asphalt and covered
with membrane of sophisticated
felt.
In the second place no failure Of any
kind has occurred irA the floor. Some
marsh gas has been forced through
by rising ground water and this has
been taken care Of by providing vents.
It is stated by the Office of pub!;"
buildings and grounds that there mas
been no failure of any kind.
GEORGE A. KICKER.
District Engineer.
Portland Cement Association
Evening star., 1922-11-19

I INITIAL steps in the carrying out
of a great national preparedness
movement which had its incep-
ton with the lessons learned
through Americas participation in
the world war, were taken at the Of
fetal conference of military authori-
ties, welfare representatives and
Educational interests. called by Sec
retary of War Weeks, and which
concluded three-day session in
Memorial Continental Hall yesterday.
Deeply concerned over the startling
degree of mental and physical fnef-
ficiency shown to exist in the youth
'of the country in the draft figures
compiled by military authorities, the
United States government, at the con-
ference, laid down comprehensive
program for education In the prin-
fundamental factor in the program,
and for training Of young America
along military lines to prepare the
nation for any emergency that may
confront 1t.
Factor In Narrower.
At the outset Of the conference
Brig. Gen. William Lassiter. who pre-
sided. pointed out why the War De-
partment Is interested as much In
education as in military training. The
facts outlined were as follows:
The world war required the mill
tary authorities to study very deeply
all that pertains to man-power. and
the factor which contributed toward
~ ARANf{vA n.
power. or course, the military
authorities were thus primarily con.
|cerned with factors having specia!
bearing upon national defense; Du!
the studies have been so broad, ana
have been undertaken by 50 many OF
that the conclusions reached anect
the whole question Of the training
and development Of our young men.
For purposes Of discussion the
qualities and characteristics invoive9
in good citizenship were classineo
PHYSIQUE. (2) sidn. (3) education and
a. attitude. With regard to physique
draft statistics, life insurance ex-
lperience and industrial studies tndi-
cate that about half Of the population
Of the United States y physicany
|that ass per cent Of the 2,750,00 men
whose medical records were complete
were detective. OF all examined 2S.1
|per cent were rejected as physically
unfit for unlimited military service
and 17.7 per cent more had to be
classed as At for limited service only.
Enormous Industrlal Loss.
It is conservatively estimated, more
over, that preventable illness and
curable physical defects cause an
annual Industrial loss Of at. least
81 SEQ. 100000 per year,
A recent example Of the results Of
the physical examination Of groups
Of young men, Gen. Lassiter cited.
was the fact that out Of 1852 young
men examined in citizens military
training camps during the past sum :
mer "A per cent had to be rejected
for physical reasons, and that OF
those accepted for training 40 per
cent had defects either disqualifying
or non-qualifyins. And condittons
for admission wero said to be not At
all severe or stringent In nAtaure.
For enlistment In the Army quite
Evening star., 1922-11-19
BY BEN MekELWAY.

ENTRAL AMERICA. long known
as >hotbed Of revolution and
cut-throat politics. comes be-
fore the world as a prov
ing ground for an experiment in
land disarmament, with all that goes
with 1t, as an insurance against war.
Delegates to the Central American
conference here next month have
been appointed and are either on
their way here or are in Washington
awaiting instructions from their
home governments.
Inquiry among some of these dele
gates reveals that, while a strong
sentiment for land disarmament ex-
lists in Central America and the re-
publics, without exception, are anx-
ious to cooperate in any plan that
penses and the prevention of war
fare. the task Of actually bringing
about this proposed reduction OF
armament Is knotty problem that
will tax the resources of diplomacy
and the conference table.
Would cha.st Armies.
Reducing the armies of the Central
American republics might appear to
the casual observer an attempt to
reduce the irreducible minimum. as
one delegate put 1t; and this fact
leads to the conclusion that. while
some reduction will be sought, the
conference will bend its efforts for
the most part toward changing the
nature Of the armed forces concerned.
One of the delegates expressed the
belief that Central America will wit
ness the interesting experiment OF
replacing armies heretofore main
tanned TO guard against attack from
the outside. or to institute warfare
against a neighbor. by enlarged con-
stabulary or police forces. whose sole
| duty will consist in patrolling and
keeping the peace. Protected from
the outside world by the Monroe doc
trine, and from attack within by
treaties which will guarantee peace.
! the republics OF Central America will
find no necessity for maintaining
large armed forces.
Comparisons in strength.
A glance at the table given below
allows a comparison of the armed
forces in Central America, with the
populations and areas they represent
Evening star., 1922-11-19

as good to use in soaring children
who are naughty as it was in its old
terrifying days.
Focusing the AmpliAers.
THREE Of the nine new ampli-
i fiers installed in the House Of Rep
resentatives at Washington focus the
voices Of the members upon the press
gallery.
The power Of the press?
Nope. tho press has no power. The
press Is a common carrier.
The press enters the House Of Rep
resentatives a as a public utility and
merely tells the world what the repre-,
sentatives say and do. =.
The press merely conveys to the
gentle reader the raw material out
of which public opinion is made. And
country, rising above parties and blocs
and cliques and klans, the amplihers
are focused into the tunnels that
carry out the stun from which public
opinion is made.
The poyer Of the press is greatly
mill through which the grist passes
But the grist is the food of the high
gods of destiny. Upon public opinion
the fate of mankind lives and moves
and has Its guidance. What public
opinion is, what gives it power, guides
it's course. no one knows, any more than
we can tell what brings the birds back
In the spring or urges the slug to be a
butterfly.
But we do know that three ampli-
fiers out of nine In the House Of
Representatives are focused upon the
press gallery, and that 1t is not for
their colleagues that the, members
talk, but for the millions outside the
House. After that it is all specula tion.
Evening star., 1922-11-19
Area lin

's5 900 war strength
These military establishments are
small when compared with those of
the great nations Of the world, and
there are no navies in Central
America But, in proportion. the
armies are unusually large. Take the
case IL Guatemala, for instance. A
standing army Of 1000 men Is a small
army. But II the United States
maintained one as large, in proper
ton to its size and population. it
would be forced to keep about 100000
mon under arms-a number nearly
twice the size of its present peace
time military strength. Other ex-
amples are more vivid. Honduras,
with a population about two thou
sand times smaller than that of the
United States. maintains an army
nearly one-third as large. Costa
Evening star., 1922-11-19

vigorously by numerous radical organi-
cations bent upon economic, social or
political upheaval. Sound education for
the masses was seen as the sure basis
Of nationa! defense. therefore.
Need to Know Citisenship.
AS for attitude, named as the fourth
qualification for good citizenship, it was
stated that unless Americans generally
recognize the fundamental requirements
for community life under modern con-
ditions and gain some generally accept
ed common viewpoint as to what
America stands for and what the main
tenance Of our government and its in
stitutions involves. an orderly and pro-
gressive development in good citizen
ship cannot result, nor will there be
effective cooperative effort in resisting
the perils that may face the country
in the future.
The government, it was explained.
does not desire, to attempt to impose
upon the youth of the land any linn
tied or one-sided viewpoint as to gov
ernment and the means Of carrying
1t on; but experience has shown that
II the basic facts of history and of
everyday knowledge are placed be-
intelligently to discuss and consider
the requirements. needs and obliga-
tions Of community life, they will
arrive at an appreciation of their own
rights, duties and obligations, which
will tend toward sanity and reason
ableness rather than toward the mar
row and higoted viewpoint of the in
dividual who has never had his mind
awakened to the broad problems in
volved.
Framework for Defense.
Taking up as a whole the question
OF national defense. the conference
was advised that for the fi.st time in
history the country has legislation au-
thorzing the establishment of definite
framework on which can be built sys-
tematically. and with reasonable prompt
| ness. the citizen army required in time
Of national emergency. This law, known
as tho act Of June 4. 1920. provides for
q national army sof three component
the Regular. Army, the National Guard
and Organised Reserve.
The units new being definitely
established under the act will pro-
vide force OF about 100000 men in
tlHl0 VI uAllOHAI- CTlSlS. VIII In0
machinery established. the war De-
partment could then go on to keep
the ranks Of these units filled up dur
ing war, and also to raise additional
units, IL needed. Thus, for the first
time, the United States has 4 compre-
hensive plan for developing the force
required for national defense.
The personnel tor this expansion
must necessarily be made up Of the
young manhood Of the country. His
tory shows that upon this young
manhood must fall the duty Of ffllinE
Eup the units Of the combat forces To
|fft young manhood to fill up these
units in commissioned and non-com-
missioned grades was declared to be
the main objective Of military train
ing courses In the schools Of the
country. Irrespective of whether these
young man ever take on any military
Ioblieation or not, 1t was emphasized.
the training helps to equip them for
the struggle Of life. in that 1t serves
Ito develop them physically and pro:
habits of teamwork which are 70
to community life.
2 =. = 4 = 80
Evening star., 1922-11-19

mean anarchy or nihilism. So the
new Appeal to Reason may be Just
as good to use in soaring children
who are naughty as 1t was in its old
terrifying days.