The Washington times., 1922-12-10
EXPERT TELLS
HOW TO START
CAR IN COLD
Gives Advice on What Is Per-
haps Greatest Problem OF
Autolst In Winter.

Some philosopher has said that
fear ID invariably the result Of
mystery. We fear the unknown,
the uncertain; not the familiar.
well-understood things Of life.
So, in the case Of hard starting in
winter, motorists often deprive
themselves Of some Of the most
exhilirating moments Of motor
travel because they do not under
stand the reasons and remedies
for the difficulty, writes Merrill
G. HORNE in Motor.
It il necessary to know the causes
OF hard starting in order to intelli.
gentiy overcome them. Excessive
use Of the choke IL one evil that
results from blind use Of what prop
erly employed 10 an excellent remedy
for hard starting. Most drivers run
too long with the choke closed be-
cause they know only that q rich
mixture 10 needed for starting with
out knowing why or realizing the
damage that can be done by too
much fuel enrichment.
Originally gasoline was q by
product in the manufacture OF kero-
sene for lamps. II represented that
part of the distilled petroleum which
vas too volatile to be safe In lamps
and was used to make illuminating
gas and an q cleaning fluid. When
the motor car came along an add.
tionai use was created. The first
motor gasolines were extremely vola'
tA
quickly.
Demand Increases.
All Of the oil which evaporated
more slowly was used as kerosene.
for which there was q big demand
End the refineries were glad to get
rid Of the light. airy gasoline for
which there was such a small De-
mand. Gasoline was cheaper than
kerosene and would start as well In
winter ~ In summer, even In the
imperfect engines OF that day.
Later, as gas and electric lighting
became more popular, the demand
for kerosene decreased, while the
rapid increase in motoring doomed
the demand for gasoline. The inev-
table result was that more gasoline
had to be gotten from a barrel OF
petroleum and less kerosene. This
was easy to do and was done. The
gasoline was not quite SO volatile
and the era of hard starting COM
menced.
The demand for gasoline has since
continued to increase to such pro-
portions that II has grown from
dangerous and unwelcome by-product,
sold for what 1t would bring, to first
place among petroleum products.
Gasoline is the principal product for
which oil Is pumped from the earth.
Every bit of gasoline that can be
distilled from q barrel Of petroleum.
together with the casing-head gas
that was formerly allowed to escape
into the air, is now converted into
motor fuel.
From the original Pennsylvania
fields, oil development has spread
throughout the world. Texas, Okla
hon,a, California and Mexican crudes
are made to yield all the gasoline
they can, though they are inferior
for the purpose to the original Penn
syivania petroleum. Still there is
never enough gasoline in sight to in
sure the future of the gasoline en-.
gine. OF course, the old high-test
gasoline has all but disappeared. In
addition. the lengths to which chem
fists have gone in cracking the heav-
Ter constituents of the crude for
more motor spirit have resulted in
the development Of mixed fuels Of
very different chemical constituency
from the original gasoline. It contains
moro latent energy. more calories
or b. +. Us Of fuel value: but II IL
much less volatile. It does not evap,
0rafA N readily. Mo onA In To hla me: