davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1922-07-06

Any fool can recognize a good thing
when the other fellow has it.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1922-07-06

All the world loves a lover until he
makes a d. f. of himself.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1922-07-06

If love is blind there must be lot
of married people enjoying excellent
sight.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1922-07-06

Trouble seldom bothers the person
who is not looking for it.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1922-07-06

The fellow who earns his pay IN
variabIy gets paid for what he earns.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1922-07-06

The mine war horror of Illinois still
fingers in the minds of some people,
although a majority have already for
gotten.
The first two or three days every
body was Mortified, and talking, and
condemning.
Then interest commenced to wane,
and today tits only memory, and to-
morrow it will be as dead as its VIC
tins.
Our emotions are aroused suddenly,
and subside almost as quickly. There
are too many things to remember, and
it is easier to forget.
The Illinois atrocity contains les
son, but people are too busy or indif-
ferent to retain it in memory.
Some harm and no good is the only
result.
The bond market is on the tobog-
gan, and the uninitiated are unload
ing at a sacrifice.
That is what the Initiated are look
ing for. They want bonds, but they
want them at low price.
A bond that is worth buying is
worth holding until maturity. If it is
not worth holding it should not be
bought
Certain people can only become rich
by making other people poorer
Hold onto your bonds and don't be
the geat
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Mass Meeting TO Honor
Lillian Russell's Memory
President Harding Invited to
Attend Hippodromc Tribute
bv Stage Folk Next Friday

A mass meeting 20 honor the memory
Of Lillian Russell will be held next
Friday afternoon az the Hippodrome
under the auspices Of the Actors
Eou,tv Association. tho Players. Lambs,
Friars and the Green Room Club. An
Invitation 10 attend has been sent 20
President Harding. Men and women
prominent in the social and dramatic
life OF New York will speak.
Miss Russel's memory - also TO be
honorcd in n nation-widc recognition
81 her position In American drama IN
everv theater OF tho 3. +. Keith circuit.
Special services will be held IN all
Keith thcatcrs from ii a. M untN
noon, Sunday, June IL.
+. F. Albcc. head Of the Keith cir
cult. said last night;
On that she wore the honorary in
sigma o. sergeant OF the United
states Marine Corps. in that she had
recently returned from an important
Diplomatic mission. in that she devoted
more Of her time and effort 20 winning
tho war than did most 81 her contem-
pornries. Lillian Russell had risen
above the rarrowness Of any single
profession. d.,
Tho grea; statesmen and dipio.
r,atis,s Of tho world stood bareheaded
by her tomb. The trumpets Of her
beloved marines sounded taps above
her coffin and the guns Of the artillery
hooucd the soldiers salute and fare
we'll 20 their friend and comradc.
ITO put something Of the meaning
and value 81 that historic tribute 20
great woman into every far-hung city
and town where she was known and
loved. is the purpose Of this ultimate
nationwide tribute 70 Lillian Russell"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Guests at Capital for
WoddeH-Hughes Wedding
CEREMONY Will BE Performed
This afternoon; Brides Pa.
rents Entertain at Dinner

.-o~ The 7ribunc's woshinoton B-reaa
WASHINGTON, June e.-Cuests ar
."eo IN Washington to-day for the
v.'fsse Of Miss Catherine Hughes 20
~ Ohsuncey Lockhart Waddell. Of
~ FORK, in Bethlehem Chapel OF
- .athedral Of ST. Peter and ST.
-. ie-morrow afternoon at 4 o'clock,
~; ,n-night the Secretary Of state
- Nfs Hughes entertained the bridal
p.yany a. dinner at Wardman Park
49, where mots Of the guests from
vsssaee are staying.
v.rs.lor General and Mrs. James II.
;Ase entertained a large and dis
s,s1shed company at the dinner
-. az Washington Barracks this
49,, SJHg,ag when the Secretary of War
Nfs Weeks we're the honor guests.
M. .ns naval attsehe Of the French En-
,.I; captain Rigal, was host at din
ms evening, when he entertained
n,s san company in honor Of Com
gesr and Mrs. Galbraith.
- 4homas F. Walsh entertained a
~ party Of guests az a moonlight
a.. On the Potomac this evening
T' the steamship Majestic.
4. ~ hmbassador Of Peru and Sonora
Ne s,ei returned this evening from
e.. iork. where the Ambassador
SeaoFa de Pezet yesterday.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
ZooIogist Says He Changed Sex
Of Unborn Fruit Flies by X-Ray
Professor Mavor, of Union College, Declares Other
characteristics, Such Color of Eyes, Can Be
Altered by Rays Treatment of Mother Insect

perimenting with the fruit fy," he con
tinued, there are some. the inheri-
lance Of which is related TO sex.
For example. II a white-eyed female
fruit fly (white-eye is a mutation) l"
mated with an ordinary red-eyed male
OF the same species, all the sons VIII
be white eyed like their mother and
all the daughters will be red-eyed like
their father On the other hand, II a
red-eyed female be mated with a white
eyed male, all the sons and daughters
will be red-eyed.
Theory Acts in Reverse Cases
"Now. il a red-eyed female be treated
with a certain dose Of X-rays and
mated 10 a white-eyed male, some OF
her sons will be white-eyed like their
father. In a similar way II white
eyed female be treated with A-rays
and mated with a red-eyed male. some
Of be- sons will be red-eyed and some
Of her daughters white-eyed. In some
cases as many as twelve per cent OF
the sons have been Of this exceptional
kind.
Had il not been known that ex-
eeptional Aies like the above white
eyed daughters and red-eyed sons do
very rarely arise in nature from
matings Of white-eyed females with
red-eyed male ones, one would have
had little hesitation in calling them
mutations"
Prof. Mavor explained the action OF
X-rays in altering the minute cells,
the chromosomes, whereby hereditary
qualities are passed on from one gen
Grafton to the next. This action Of the
X-ray on the immature EGG cells OF
the Ay brought about the alterations in
sex, he said.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Publisher Kessler Dies at Work
In Office of Staten Island Post

Hugo Kessler. one Of the owners and
editor OF "The Staten Island POST a
his editorial room in Stapleton. Staten
island. lie was in the act Of reading
anal proofs on this weeks edition.
Death was due 20 heart failure, super
Induced By heat. Mr.. Kessler was sew
enty-three years old. -
Germany. He came to New York a
young man and obtained employment
as typesetter on "The New York
-Zeitung." In 1898 he went TO
Staten Island and started the news,
naper Of which he remained in control
until his death. He founded the Ger
man Typographical Union and was for
many years It's president.
Mr.. Ressler is survived by his wife
and FIVE grandchildren. lie was n
member Of Klobstach Lodge F. & A. NJ,
which will conduct the funeral service,
TO take place tomorrow at .. m.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
One Is A pit to Rub Elbo,us With
Most Any Old Soul inSpirit Art
One Exhibitor of Automatic Drawings Says Three
Squaws, Dead Italian and Spaniard Guided Her
Pencil She Never Took Lesson in Her Life

The widest faheies Of the vortieists
and dadais,s pale before the exhibition
Of pictures opened in the Anderson
Galleries yesterday for scientific dis
eussion" and 20 give the public an OPP
portunity 10 view samples Of auto
matte drawing"
The spirits themselves. according 10
their jovial. weird or whimsical moods.
are said by the five exhibitors 20 do
all the work. Protean figures form
rapidly and coneisely under the pencil
or brush. and neither mental effort nor
physical propulsion contributes to the
result. they contend.
The exhibitors are well known 10
psychic researchers. The late DR..
Hyslop and DR.. Walter Franklin
Prince, head Of the PsyehieAl Research
Society. have commented favorably on
some OF their work. They are Mrs.
Helen Wells, Mrs. Julia Forrest, Miss
+. Marion Spore. Miss Emily Talmadge
and Frederick l.. Thompson. IL Is the
first time an attempt has been made
10 group the work Of persons in this
country who claim 10 be gifted with
the power Of automatic drawing. and
10 put II on public view. A similar
exhibition in London recently created
intense interest and discussion.
Sir Arthur Interested
There are one hundred mixtures on
display altogether. including pencil
drawings. water eolors and oils. After
examining them carefully. Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle issued this statement:
II am much interested in the spirit
pictures. OF course not having inves-
tigated the matter. cannot tell how
much OF this work is due 10 spirit con-
troll A man in my position has 10 be
very careful OF his statement because
skeptics will Immediately pick up any
haw. ! see no reason, however. why
the gcnuineness OF these pictures
should be doubted. There is no doubt
about the ability Of artists who have
gone before 10 continue their work
through a sensitive medium. The
work on thefe pictures seems TO be
excellent. wish ! had time 20 spend
several days studying them. II would
be worth while"
Mrs. Wells was AZ the Anderson Gal
leries yesterday when the pictures were
being shown. Reporters we're given
an opportunity 20 see her AZ work on
one Of her pencil drawings. She was
nervous about having spectators and
did not obtain the most satisfactory
results.
SquAws In Case
She draws without looking az her
paper and her figures are always done
upside down. she said. Knowing moth
ing OF art. her sketches came in the
wake OF automatic writing and were a
complete surprise 20 her. Her spirits
are varied and often play fantastic
tricks. She says that three squaws
were her first controls.
81 became interested in automatic
writing about four years ago she ex-
planned. IL used 10 meet with three
other women. and We always prayed
FOR a message that would be Of service
20 people. First my son came through
with messages, but ! was skepteal,
Then my automatic writing ceased sud-
denly and felt the desire 10 draw, a
thing ! had never done in my life be-
fore. These three squaws directed me
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Cripple Pays Homage
at Dickens's Grave
With Dean of Westminster Lad
of Slums Silently Lays a
Wreath on Tombstone

LONDON, June 9 by The Associated
Press--Charles Dickens died on Fri
day. June 9, 1870. at 6:io o'clock in
the evening. To-day, at $3.50 o'clock
Harry Adams. little crippled lad from
the slums Of Euston, met the dean OF
Westminster Abbey and proceeded to
the poets corner in the Abbey, where
the great novelist lies buried. On the
gravestone. without ceremony or serv-
ice Of any kind. Harry placed wreath
Ct red geraniums, Dickens's favorite
flower.
The wreath was sent by the pupils
Of the Rhinelander School for Grip
Piled Children in New York City as >
mark Of their interest in the Children's
Liberty in Johnson Street. London.
Many members Of the Dickens Fe.-
lowship, including representatives Of
the branches in New York, Montreal,
Boston and Toronto, met this morning
and placed wreaths on Dickens's tomb.
Those present at the Abbey included
Mrs. Ernest d. Hawksley. grand
daughter Of the author, and her two
small children.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
ID. e. Preston's Funeral Rites
Will Be Conducted To-day

Funeral services for Duncan G. Pres
ton. retired broker. who died Wednes-
day in his home, 234 West Seyenty-hfth
street, will be at II a. m. to-day IN the
Campbell Funeral Church, Broadway
and sixty-sixth Street
The Rev. DR.. WATSON. chaplain OF
the Old Guard. will oficiate. Preston
was born in New York City and was a
member Of the Old Guard. He served
with the It'll Regiment during the
Brooklyn riots OF thirteen years ago.
He was forty-eight years old.
The deceased IL survived By four SIS
ters and a brother: Mrs. Isaac Emer,
son. Mrs. Henry Graves, Mrs. kiehara
Farley. Mrs. n. Houghton and rred-
erick Preston. Interment will be in
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Mrs. Franck Taylor Evans
Gives Dinner at Newport
Guests Include Craven Bridal
Party; Mrs. O. ii. =. Belmont
Returns TO New York


NEWPORT. K. =, Sune 9.-Mrs. D.
IL p. Belmont. who has been in New
port the past few days arranging 10
omen Marble House for the summer,
left for New York this evening with
Mrs. Charles Moran. both Of whom
were registered al the Muenehinger
King.
arrived at Honeysuckle Lodge for the
summer.
Dir. Henry Barton Jacobs is expected
al Whiteholme, his Management Ave
nue. residence, early next week. =,
Mrs. Franck Taylor Evans, wife OF
Captain Evans, L. 5. ". gave dinner
for sixty at her residence this evening.
Those present included the bridal
party OF Miss Ann Wickes Craven,
who il 10 be married 10 Lieutenant
Rodman Drake Dekay, L. s. n, Satur-
dav afternoon. The band from the
L s. S. MARYLAND, Admiral Jones's nag
ship. played for dancing until late
hour. ,,.,..
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles S. Whitman,
Of New York. have opened their Prides
Neck cottage. Mrs. Whitman arrived
to-day for the summer.
Admiral Hilary p. Jones. commander
in chief Of the Atlantic Fleet, will be
r;ven banquet Saturday evening al
The Muenchinger King by the Navy
Affairs Committee Of the Chamber OF
commerce. Twenty-Five guests arc eX-
Mr. r. Livingston Beeekman, ~ho
recentlv announced his candidacy. for
The United States Senate, returned 10
night to Lands End. u,.
DR.. and Mrs. Alexander Hamilton
Rice are expected at Miramar next
Tuesday. .,d fam
;lv arrived to-day from New York ana
have taken the Bookstaver Cottage lor
.ba aurnuer.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10

SCHENECTADY. y. Y. June 9 (By
The Associated Press Announcement
that he had succeeded in changing the
sex Of unborn banana flies and other
wise altering their hereditary charac-
tcristics by use Of the X-ray, was made
by James W. Mavor, professor Of
zoology at Union College, in COM
mencement week address to-day before
alumni Of the school.
While he did not predict any prac-
tel application Of his discoveries in
the direction Of efforts to alter tho
transmission OF hereditary character
istics in animals or plants, Professor
Mavor said he did anticipate they
would be Of great help in making "a
sound foundation for the therapeutic
use Of N-Tays."
1T is Of more than academic inter-
est 20 prove that the mechanism OF
heredjtv can be modified by an external
agent such as X-rays," he said. Al
though the whole animal was exposed
10 the rays while the eggs were in the
mother, this striking aad far-renehing
effect on the inheritance OF the OIL
spring was produced without apparent
ly affecting the body Of the mother
herself IN any way"
Banana Fly Is Good Subject
The banana hy was selected for the
experiments, he explained, because the
great mass Of data concerning its
hereditary characteristics already col
lected made it possible 70 check ac-
curately any alterations effected By the
Xray.
"Amcng the hundreds Of mutations
which have been found by those ex-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Publisher Dies Abroad
Augustus c. Studer Was Owner
of "The Montclair Times"

Augustus c. studer, publisher Of
The MontelAir Times" died yesterday
at Thune. Switzerland, according 70 a
cablegram received By his son,
Augustus c. studer jr. Mr. s,uder'
who lived in Montelair. went abroad
with his wife and daughter on May -.
and had intended TO remain abroad
until October. He was sixty-seven
years old. .,
Forty-hve years ago he founded
"The Montelair Times. He was Re
publican and a member Of the New
Jersey Assembly in 1892 and 1898. lie
was at one time president OF the New
Jersey Press Association and was a
member Of the Masons ard Elks. ne
rs survived By a daughter, Mrs. VIII
liam T. West, Of HAverford, Pa.
The body will be brought back to
America
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10

was sixty-fve years old Death was
due 10 a stroke Of apoplexy.
Mr. Leone was born In Constantine
pie. had travelled around the world
and was widely known among stage
folk. TIe appeared with Edwin Booth.
Lawrence Barrett. Nine Modieska and
John Mccullough. His recent engage
ments were with FIRTH SeheR and
Mitrl and with Grace Ia Rue IN Dear
Me- lie played character roles with
Lillian Russell for many years and
was In tho only motion picture made
by Enrieo Caruso. entitled hy
Cousin"
He Is survived by his wife and three
sisters. The funeral will be held to-
morrow az Mount Vernon.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Going On To-day

DAY
American Museum OF Natural his'o'1' A''
M.fropolitan Museum OF Art; admission
free
AQUARIUM: admission free.
Sew YORK Historical Society; Admission
van corfiandt PARK Museum; admission
free. -, -
conpetitlve exhibition OF pnotoB apns "
mammals in Wild state and IN e1pti.itS'
American Museum OF Natural His'o'''
all day. ,.SA. -
Exhibition Of whistler lthograpns 40
Pencil etch!nes and exhibition OF post-
ers BrooSiyn Museum. Eastern PATHWAY
and Washington Averue. AZ cay.
Meeting OF WOmen's Press Club. N~'u0''
Astoria. O'Clock.
NIGHT
Dinner OF University Of Wisconslh Alumni
Hotel Commodore. o'clock. 49,.
r,,nsr Of faculty Of Julia Richman hibh
school. Hotel Commodore. oeiocs.
closing exercises o. seh1si for s, f,n1si,
hoIn and Smith streets. Brooklyn
o'clock
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
, Clubwomen Die in Crash

BETHEL, VT. June 9.--Miss nafyoIIe
unIbird. daughter Of former Lieuten,
ant-Governor Hulbird. Of Vermont, ana
Mrs Arthur Mercer. both Of hyae
PARK. were killed when an automoolle
vent s over an embankment between
mi. town and RoyAlton to-day, MIS-
p s Page. Of Hyde Park, daughter-in,,,
lev Of United States Senator Carroll
& PAGE. who was driving the car was
injured seriously. I'D. paw
women who escaped injury, were re-
,vrning from a meeting OF the state
Es e., Of Women's Clubs at Spring
esId VI The accident happened when
Mrs. Page tried to drive past ''ueK'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
MRS. lane ANDERSON

ATLANTIC CITY. June Mrs. Jane
Anderson. known 10 Somers Point VII
layers as Aunt Jane" IS dead at her
home. on Shore Road. She was in her
eighty ninth year. Aunt Jane" was
one Of the earliest residents Of Somers
Point and also descendant OF the
original Somers family. founders OF
the city tina: bears their name. Her
father. Colonel Richard L. Somers,
fought in the War Of 1912.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Yale Changes Law Credits

NEW HAVEN, Conn, June p
Changes in the eourses In the Yale
Law School were made public By Dean
T. W. Swan to-day, the more striking
Of these being that which Greats mi
teen hours Of first year Law work
toward full work for senior year.
either FOR the B. 4. or Phi. D. degree
in plaee OF the recent allowance to col
legc seniors Of ten ~. Of fifteen hours
as credit toward the senior year IN
MANY college undergraduates have
desired 70 cover their academic and
law COURSES in six years by ADDING
portions Of the latter 70 ae ansords
studies. The new PLAN when aeeoIuS
v;.5 that in use in universities hay-
Inc n combined college srd law course,
places The academic undergraduate on
Equality with the first year men IN
the law school.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Mrs. Clara j. Morrow Dies
Succumbs at Riverside Drive
Home i'm 83d Year

Mrs. Clara J. Morrow, mother OF
Dwight ". Morrow. Of the firm OF j.
p Morgan & Co, and OF J. J. Morrow,
Governor Of the Panama Canal Zone,
died last night at her home AS River
side Drive. ,
She was in her eigh,y-third year and
vas the widow OF James Z. Morrow.
who for many years was principal OF
The High School At Allegheny, Pa. Be-
sides her two sons, she is survived by
three daughters. Mrs. Agnes VI. Sean
erett. Of Englewood, y. j.; Miss Alice
Morrow. Of this city, and Mrs. Edwin
I. MeIlvAine, Of Meadville. Pa.
Funeral services will be held to-mor-
row in Pittsburgh
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Prince of Monaco to Go
Under Knife; Is Very Ill
News of Serious Condition of
Aged Ruler ArOuses Interest
in Political Circles

PARIS, June 9 (By The Assoeiated
Press The Prince OF Monaco was
taken 10 a hospital this morning IN a
serious condition, and Il was announced
that he would be operated on io-mor-
row. The prince is seventy-three years
old.
News Of his illness aroused much in
.erest in political circles. His heir,
Prince Louis, Is a French citizen and
n lieutenant-colonel in the French cav
airy. An adopted daughter, Charlotte
married in 1920 the Count Pierre DC
Polignae, who became citizen Of
Monaco
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
r. r. KEMP

+. r. Kemp, Of Tulsa. Okla. chair.
man Of the board OF directors Of the
Sinclair oil and Gas Company, died IN
Roosevelt Hospital yesterday after an
operation for appendicitis.
Mr.. Kemp. who wos hf;y years old
and widely known in the Middle West
ern oil fields, came 70 New York last
Saturday for the operation which was
performed Tuesday. he is survived by
his wife and three children.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
Guy Barham, Coast
Publisher, Dies in London
of Hearst Party Sue
cumbs After an Operation
for Throat Trouble

LONDON. June Guy Barham. pub.
Usher Of the Los Angeles Herald"
who has been travelling in Europe with
william Randolph Hears, and Mrs.
Hearst. died in a London hospital this
morning.
Mr.. Barham was operated on two
DAYS ago for throat trouble and APP
narently had recovered from the ef-
fects Of the operation. but he died sud.
denly from what his doctors described
as pulmonary embolism.
The body will be shipped 10 America
next Wednesday Mrs. Barham is now
in London.
LOS ANGELES, June Guy Brin-
ton Barham, broker. one time the state
banking commissioner and publieist,
had been the directing head Of the
Evening Herald" a newspaper, since
is inception eleven years ago.
lie was born In The Dalles. Ore, IN
1868, and was brought 20 California
three years later.
He leaves three brothers. who are
associated in the newspaper enterprise,
and wife, Mrs. Mary y. Barham, and
daughter. Millicrrt. who were in Lon
dor with him at the time Of his death.
Leaving Los Angeles with his fam.
liz MAY rs Barham joined the party OF
Wiln.la Randolph Hearst in New York
for a visit TO Europe. lie telegraphed
from New York that his throat was
troubling him, bu; none regarded this
As serious condition.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10

Birth, Engagement. Marriage,
Death and In lIemoriam Notices
mav be feIcphoned 10 The Tribune
any time 10 10 midnight for IN
scriion in The next days paper
Telephone Bcckmdn 5000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10
HENRY LEONE

Henry Leone, actor. who appeared
with A number Of celebrated players,
died yesterday at his home. 50 South
Twelfth Avenue, Mount Vernon. lie
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1922-06-10

CTNuNGS-HJRD- June e. 1919. - no
church % the Incarnation. New YORK, ~
the Rev " Percy silver. Katherine Hurd
and John Bradley Cummings. both =