davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20

Board of Trustees:
City Hall Janitor, $4,000 per month
City Bridge Keeper. $4,000 pc
month, free house rent, water ant
lights.
One day, regular Police Officer
$4,000 per month.
One night, regular officer, 5000
per month
One Night Waterman, $4,000 pc
month.
Extra Police Officer, when needed
/ 1926 per day.
Sewer Pump Attendant, $500 PEI
day.
Firemcn at Fire Station No
two men at $4,000, $4,000 per
month.
City Attorney, $500 per month.
City Physician, $4,000 per month.
Assistant to Trustee of Finance &
City Clerk, $4,000 per month.
Light and Water Department.
Chief Engineer, $135.00 per month.
Night Engineer, $4,000 per mo-
Two Firemen at $1,000 per month
each, $4,000 per month.
ldDt IItIptI, pE.oO pti ddy.
Lineman, $4,000 per month.
Meter Reader and Line Helper,
$3.50 per day.
Common Labor, 10 hours per day,
$500 per day.
Streets and Bridges.
One Street Foreman, $3.50 per day.
Common Laborers, 10 hours per
day. $500 per day.
Any Ordinance in conflict with the
foregoing is hereby repealed.
Mr.. Jack Stafford offers to pur-
chase from the City an empty lot
on French street for $500 plus pay
ing 1-3 of cost of sidewalk thereon.
On motion Of Mr.. Broussard, sec
onded by Mr.. Villermin and adopted
unanimously, the Trustee Of Finance
is authorized to dispose of the said
lot on French Street for $500, Mr..
Stafford to assume the entire cost Of
the sidewalk.
The following resolution was offer
ed by Mr.. LaSalle:
Be it resolved by the Board Of
Trustees that being we want to cut
salaries that we should start at the
right place by cutting ourselves
$500, $4,000 or $500 per month
and apply same to the poor class Of
working people, working for the
City, furthermore, considering that
we are after saving that each one of
the Trustees live up to the Charter
and by SO doing applying his time 20
his office. it would eliminate a great
deal of uncalled for help
The above resolution was without
a second.
Mr.. Turner, Secretary of Chamber
of Commerce of Vermilion Parish re-
quest the Board Of Trustees to place
Post light at the corner of Main
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20
OFFICIAL MINUTES
CITY COUNCIL

New Iberia, La, May 16, 1929.
The Board Of Trustees of the City
of New IBERIA convened this day in
special session at p NJ, with
Mayor Ed --LaSalle presiding, Mes
srs. Broussard and Villermin present
The purpose Of the meeting was
to transact any and all matters need
ing attention
The following communication was
ordered spread on the minutes:
New iberia, La, May IS, 1922.
To the Honorable Board Of Trustees.
City of New IBERIA, La.
Gentlemen:--
| refuse to approve the minutes of
last week as published in The be
rian because the Ordinance offered
by Mr.. Villermin was not submitted
at the meeting. The Ordinance once
void | will approve the minutes.
After reading Of Mr.. Broussard' S
letter it was understood that Mr..
Villermin was to tabulate salaries
and offer same at the next meeting
for discussion, but at no time was
Mr.. Villermin asked to introduce an
Ordinance. Furthermore, there was
not word mentioned about reducing
the present police force
/ will ask Mr.. Villermin to be a
little more careful in taking down
or rather in publishing minutes, be-
cause these unnecessary mistakes
are costing the city go cts. per hun
dred words for publication.
Yours very truly,
ED. LaSALLE, Mayor.
On motion of Mr.. Villermin the
minutes Of the previous meeting
were corrected to the extent of eli
minating Ordinance 1913 and ordered
approved, seconded by Mr.. LaSalle
and adopted unanimously.
Mr.. Villermin in ordering the cor
rection of the minutes wishes to in
form the Board that it was his und-
erstanding that the Ordinance offer
ed by him was the proper step to
take in arriving at the fixing of the
scale of wages, and was not in any
manner irregular. Though as Mayor
LaSalle wishes ordinances presented
in regular form.
The following Ordinance is offer
ed by Mr.. Villermin, seconded by
Mr.. Broussard for publication pend
ing final adoption:
Ordinance No. 1928
Be it ordained by the Board Of
Trustees of the City of New Iberia
that the following employees and
their salaries be effective from June
1st, 1922 to such time as they may
be changed by resolution of the
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20

Charles Boldt, President; Mas Znu-
norman, Vice President; Lawrence
Schwabacher, Secretary-Troa uraf.
and they shall serve until the SECOND
Monday in March. 1922. Cr until
their SUCCESSORS are duly elected aal
qualified. The Directors shall b,
elected annually at meeting held
on the second Monday Of March If
each year thereafter, notice Of such
meeting being given according 10
law, and the Board Of Directors may
change the date Of said annual meet
ing by written notice to that effect,
sent at least fifteen days before date
to which meeting has been changed,
directed to each of the stockholders
at his last known place Of residence.
Each stakeholder shall at such an
nual meeting or other meeting. gen
eral or special, be entitled, in per
son or by proxy, to one vote for
every share Of stock owned. The elee-
ton shall be held under such rules
and regulations as may be from time
to time determined by the Board Of
Directors. The Directors, when elect
ed. shall hold effice for one year, or
until their successors have been
elected and qualified, and failure to
hold the annual meeting Of stock
holders or to elect annually the di-
rectors shall not operate the fore
feiture of this charter or any Of the
rights hereunder. Any vacancies DC
curing in the Board of Directors
may be filled by the directors for
the unexpired term.
ARTICLE VIII.
This charter or act of incorpora-
ton may be changed, modified, alter
ed, or amended by and with the con-
sent of two-thirds Of all stock pres
ent at any meeting general or spe-
cial held for that purpose. and such
amendment may be material or i'm
material. subject only to the limita-
and this corporation shall have pow
er to increase its capital stock as
hereinbefore set out, and to decrease
it's capital stock as provided by law;
and any increase of capital stock in
excess of the amount named herein
as the amount to which the capital
stock may be increased may be made
by a three-fourths vote of all out
standing stock.
ARTICLE TX.
Notice of any and all meetings,
except as otherwise provided in this
charter, shall be given in the man
ner provided in giving notices in
case of elections, under the law, UNI
less such notice shall have been
waived.
In case of the dissolution, liquida-
ton or termination of this charter
by limitation or otherwise, the af-
fairs of this corporation shall be
liquidated by one or more liquidators
elected by the stockholders, who may
provide the number of said liquida-
tors, and vest them with such auth
ority as may be by law permitted,
and fix the terms and conditions up
on which they shall serve, and their
compensation, and provide that in
case Of the death or disability of
any one of the said liquidators, the
remaining liquidators may fill the
vacancy or continue to act on behalf
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20
AMENDMENT TO cHApTpp )
The Tsche Motor c., h

AT a meeting Of ,hs 80, Il
q the Teche Motor cvm p,s.a''' /
corp9Fated, held on the 2its /. I
April, 1922, at the oacs ~ L
Company {. at Jeanerette, I,,ui.s;,,, i
) O'Clock ?. NJ. for the pgra.' /. (
voting upon a proposed r.s,l.l
tor the increase Of the Can't MI y. !
OF said Company, from Ts;, III, " !
Thousand Dollars to One T.,..
Thousand Dollars, after us,s =, 4 ! !
thirty days notice by mail =
to each stockholder to b u,s,. =
that day, to vote upon sai5 ,'s.s ]
ton, and after notice Of IA ~, =
ing had been published ir MI
than thirty days in The w.
i6erlan, a newspaper publi,bs H
New Iberia, Louisiana, al 4 II
STOCKHOLDERS holding all Of The al
Of said company being pressu Il Il
reason Of said mailed and vubfs.'
notice, it was then and tbe,s rs,|
by A. B. McGowen, and seconds \
E. R. Jackson, that the fsIeTs|
resolution be adopted:
That article four of the Chr,
of the Teche Motor Cornpary, 4
corporated. be amended 30 4 sm
as follows:
"The Capital Stock Of this .v.
Grafton is hereby fixed at One n
dred Thousand $4,000 Dol b
lars, divided into One ThourI
1,0O0) Shares Of One Hum
(s100.00) Dollars each. All slod !
sued to be paid for in cash n 1
equivalent in property or lsbN b
when stock is issued
Said resolution was unaningz
carried by the vote Of al If i
stockholders voting all Of sh III
of said company in the aHrnsts
and said resolution then and t.
was declared to have been carx
And on motion Of A. B. MHr'
seconded by e. R. Jackson, ~ |
opted, the secretary was authorize
publish these proceedings Y |
amendment to the Charter q =
Teehe Motor Company, lnforpet's
and to record a copy thereof = y
manner provided by law
There being no further bufas
before the meeting. the sane q y
ton duly seconded and ea1'A y
adjourned. 4 ..crsos
A. B. McGOWEN. N. B. JACAM y
6-3. Secretary. Presa'
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20

SOLID CAR OF BARBED WIRE
and Nails Just i'm. Buy from BERT
RAND LUMBER CO., LTD, and
save money.
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20

Vet ftSPtttIuFIE'
THOS. JONES. c. E.
On motion Of Mr.. Broussard, Sec
onded by Mr.. Villermin and adopted
unanimously, Mayor LaSalle is auth
orized to sign SO Promissary notes,
payable on or before one year frors
date, bearing interest at the rate %
8 per cent per annum. from da4el
Being numbered as follows: 4.
No. | for $106.52. a
13 for $4,000 each.
"a for $4,000 each.
Being total of $13.406 81.
On motion of Mr.. LaSalle, second
ed by Mr.. Broussard, the meeting
adjourned.
L. F. VILLERMIN, ED. LaSALLE,
City Clerk. Mayor
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20

q the corperatIoB
No baaIaarllclrs
z. ...l shall be ''ili, as,eat Ii
aIt any - costs, eopt,,s II
er..a.- oi this comnaa
st RI :, nor shail ~ psa'
e1aering thu ' 4 hs
s.. nd, r.. or 2. T ex l'',s ssar V }
@.3 llability beya'aas aa4Ss/
Que on the I stee. :.
g.I l"5 s,,a. 81. NM 5s,,! y
tut, or through @ tsss d.
fact. which 'j powss aa I, ~ !
hereto attached dit y q q ss
2 part Of it, and - N, a. = !
ord in the not al,a Pn FL
undersigned nots ~ tsea n
. hos.te their nanss = h, sa'' w.
hares subscribed Tie as
aen and their no.. % j
Il,s y..,'l thlS charter N.Y. 'ss
ii '5 " I15;t, list Il IL by ~. N
able - !, T tbs subscripstt'I,o,'s' le /
herein. isf and iors b
THUS =. DONE AND p,,,.'
Ia5os office !. in the City aaas
herein first above v, rea'b u
presence Of J. N. S a'n nj MI
hasez, competent 9s y. an All
have hereunto sigu.aS llnala
letter ..a a!' with the sal said Ne. s.li II
ne Notary, after dra ,aplss's
whole. '''d''s II
Na. (Signed)
''' ted Of original subscribe, j
WITNESSES: y
J. N. SOUR.
PAUL f. CHAsEZ
/ HERMAN l. BAayp,
( A true COPY. S'tsp ii
/ HERMAN L. BAayr
Recorded e. Charter Book Ss J J, !, "
ct seq. Iberia Parish, !, . ~
The weekly Iberian. (New Iberia, La.) 1894-1946, 1922-05-20

and Center Streets, to be used for
signs, showing the distances from
the towns between New Iberia and
Abbeville. The work and material u
| be at the expense of Mr.. Turner
acting for the Chamber of Commerce
Of Vermilion Parish.
On motion Of Mr.. LaSalle, second
ed by Mr.. Broussard, the post light
was ordered placed at the said corn
er, under the supervision of the City.
On motion of Mr.. LaSalle, second
ed by Mr.. Villermin, the Mayor is
authorized to advertise for bids for
paving st. Peter Street from Bank
Avenue to Chestnut Street, on Tues
day, June 9th, at 4 p. Nj.
And to advertise for bids for pay
ing Julia Street from Main Street to
Dale Street; French Street from
Main Street to Washington Avenue
Jefferson Street from Main Street to
st. Peter Street; Chestnut Street
from Main Street to Jane Street,
and Jane Street from Chestnut Street
to North Street, on Wednesday, June
28th, at Z. NJ.
Mr.. Broussard voting nay, explain
ing Ills NDbt, Gldlti EhlSAfli,
conditions he thought we ought 10
defer action until next Spring.
On motion Of Mr. Broussard. sec
onded by Mr.. Villermin, two notes
in amounts Of $1087 so were order
ed issued to the United States Rub
Der Co., and a check for S152.50 as
interest i'm settlement Of old account.
On motion of Mr.. LaSalle, sec
onded by Mr.. Broussard, the meeting
adjourned.
L. F. VILLERMIN, ED. LaSALLE.
City Clerk Mayor.
New iberia, La, May ~, 1929.
The Board of Trustees Of the City
Of New Iberia convened this day in
special session at II A. NJ, with
Mayor Ed. LaSalle presiding, Mes
srs. Broussard and Villermin present.
The purpose Of the meeting being
to consider acceptance of work on
City Bridge.
The following communication was
ordered spread on the minutes by
Mr.. Villermin, seconded by Mr..
Broussard:
New Iberia, La, May II, 1922.
To the Honorable the Mayor and
Board of Commissioners of the
City of New Iberia, Louisiana.
Dear Sirs:-
| herewith submit final estimate on
work done, Bayou Bridge Improve
ment by Mr.. A. Y. Willard.
| have inspected this work, and
this is to certify that the contract
and specifications have been eompli
ed with and the Improvement is
hereby accepted
Evening journal., 1922-12-14

Beaded velvet dresses are the
most popular OF all evening gowns
for this winter. II one judges by the
opera. theaters and formal evening
affairs.
White. red. intense green and
black are favorites for the gowns
and wraps themselves. but there is
no limit to the varieties and oolors
Of the beads used for trimming.
Crystal and steel come first In
popularity and effectiveness. In
popularity and effectiveness. In COL
ors green, Mohawks and tangerines
have the votes.
Combine white velvet with crystal
beads II you wish to be absolutely
sure OF irreproaohable style, and
black velvet with crystal and rhine
stones.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14
OCEAN SWALLOWS
SMALL ISLANDS
BY LLOYD ALLEN

| Omitted Press Stan Correspondent
LONDON (By mail 20 United
Press) Has the Petite ocean swal-
lowed mysterious Easter Island?
1t was feared in London that the
recent Chilean earthquake shook
Easter Island from IT'S foundations
and that this most isolated island
on the globe has disappeared for
ever.
Islands do vanish-soEetimes for
overland again they'll reappear.
steaming hot. from the ocean depths.
The DAILY Mali records several
remarkable phenomena of this char
acter. Falcon Island. near the
Tongas, was first seen in 1885. this
newspaper points out. but no soon
err had the mapmakers settled its
position. than it disappeared out OF
sight beneath the waves. Yet its
cliffs were at least $50 feet high.
In 1898 it rose again. steaming
hot, but since that date II has again
disappeared.
Then there was Bermeja, a good
sized islet in the southern part OF
the Gulf of Mexico. II was no up
start like Falcon Island. but had
been in existence for many years.
In 1901 a cruiser engaged in chart
ing could find no sign of the island.
There was not even reef left.
In 1871 Captain Dougherty re-
ported an island about half way be-
tween New Zealand and Cape Horn,
a great rocky ridge seven miles
long and 800 feet high. Twenty
years later the island was described
for a second time by Captain Keates.
In the present century. the Dis
covery sailed right over the spot for
merly occupied by this island. What
is more. soundings revealed depth
OF 1000 fathoms. OF nearly three
miles.
Metis IL another Pacific island
which vanished in similarly myster-
ious fashion. In 1880 It was a great
mass OF rock. at least $50 feet high,
but twenty years later nothing of II
remained above the surface OF the
sea.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14

constitution and bylaws. TO make
them conform in the constitution
and bylaws of the Delaware State
Federation of Women's Clubs. All
members of the club are urged to
be present at the latter meeting.
The first annual meeting OF stock
holders of the Delaware City Water
Company. Inc. will be held in the
office of Frank X. Irons. secretary,
on Monday. January l. at 1880
O'Clock. The annual election of Of
ficers will take place at this meet
ing.
The Sunday School Board OF the
Delaware City Methodist church has
decided in. lieu OF the usual Christ
mas entertainment, to give a Christ
mas social in the chapel OF the
church Wednesday afternoon. De
cember 81.
After distributing presents and
candy the afternoon will be fea-
tured by games and music. The pri-
mary department will give a few
literary numbers.
The joint council of the Boy
Scouts and Girls Community Club.
cleared about $40 at their rummage
sale. held in the vacant store Of Mrs.
Rose Lambert. last Thursday. Fri
day. Saturday and Monday.
DIR. w. W. Ellis has been appoint
ed medical examiner for Red Lion
and a part of St. Georges hundred.
and has begun his work of exam
lining the pupils OF the several
schools.
T. Moore Whiteman, who oper-
ates green house az Fifth and
Clinton streets. is shipping thous-
ands OF lily OF the valley plants to
New York. Philadelphia. Washing
ton and Baltimore, to fill the Christ
mas orders.
Mrs. Mary Dunning. aged IS, OF
Washington street IS confined 20 her
bed with pneumonia. Her condition
is serious.
Mrs. Charles W. Jefferson OF JEFF
ferson street. is the guest OF her sis
tiers. in Philadelphia.
Mns. II. C. Clark who has been
to her bed for several weeks,
is improving.
Mrs. w. w. Ellis tripped and fell
at her home yesterday. sustaining
severe abrasions and contusions.
Company F. of the First U. S.
stationed at Fort DUPONT
organized a social club last evening
by electing Sergeant Charles May. |
president. The chairmen OF the sew
eral committees will compose an /
advisory council through which So
cial functions will be held weekly /.
Tor members OF the company and /
their friends. This Is the first OF the /
TO organize such a club. |
Ind plans are already being made for |
elaborate literary and musical pro-
grams. dances and banquets dur
ng the winter months.
The council conssts OF Company /
Lieutenant John II.
Veal: Sergeant John Broughton,
chairman OF the sports committees
Corporal George Smith. social; Cor
ooral folly. theatrical; Sergeant Roy /
Taylor. decorations and refresh
nents, and Corporal John Scott.
Company r, under command OF |
Lieutenant John H. Veal left this |
for a II mile hike over the
lew State Highway.
Mrs. Horace L. johnson and son.
Robert, Of Wilmington. are the
suests Of her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14
HARRIS GUILTY OF
ASSAULT, FINED S1OO
peclal TO The Evening Journal.

Special 70 The Evening Journal.
ELKToN. Nd. Dec. 1.-THE jury
in the case OF John Harris. a farm
er OF near Chesapeake City. in the
Circuit Court returned verdict
last evening OF guilty OF common
assault. The court imposed a fine
Of 500 and costs on Harris. He
was charged with assault with in
tent to kill David p. Filligame. a
neighboring farmer.
Harris admitted he shot Filligame.
but alleged the latter was response
bic for trouble between himself and
wife.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14
STUDENTS PLAN
TO give PLAY
Pupils at Delaware City Will
Present Birds Christ
mas Carol
WARDEN PLUMMER
TO MAKE ADDRESS
speclal to The Eyenlng JOurnaI.

Special to The Evening Journal.
DELAWARE CITY, Dec. IA
The pupils of the eighth grade un-
der the direction OF Mrs. Ebenora
p. Clark. teacher will present tomor-
row afternoon the dramatization OF
the "Courtship of Miles Standish.'
The dramatization is the work OF
Miss Hazel Dowis. a member OF the
J class. This drama was first given
as a class production Wednesday
November 20. with several teachers
as guests. II was so ably drama
tized by Miss Dowis and presented
by the cast that the reproduction
was requested by the High School
faculty.
The caste is "Prophet"-John Mo
.Manus; miles standish"-wyatt
Bentley; John Alden"-Clareuce
Bender; Elder Brewster'-Cari
Eaton; "Priscilla'-Miss Hazel
Dowfs; French Maid"-Miss Made
line Ellis; Spirits OF the Wilder
ness"-the Misses Florence Neary
and Dorothy Yearsley; Elders
wife"-Mlss Alberta Miller; Lib
b EIlN MISS 1A1AAAAd o0AAA1shF OAANA
Puritans the Misses Irene Lea, Alice
Gardner Helen Brannon. Helen
, Walters and Masters James Smith,
Frank Heal and Newburn Wolfe;
Indians-Chief George Neal; Chiefs
messenger, Wilson Lasey; John Nc
Manus, Walter Ellis. Fred Bender,
and Estel MAIDEN, Miss Grace Laud-
ers and Charlotte Armstrong.
The students OF the High School
are preparing a three act play en-
titled THE Birds Christmas Carol"
by Kate Douglas Virgins. to be pre-
scented next Wednesday evening.
The program and cast follows:
Act 1.-The Birds Nest, Carol
Birds Fairy Story room on a Deem
Der afternoon. Act II-Some other
Birds are taught TO fly. Christmas
Day in the Ruggles kitchen. Act
III-The Angel OF the Clutches.
Christmas evening in the Fairy Story
Room.
Characters: The Bird Family
Carol Bird. BERTHE Jefferson; Mrs.
Bird. Margaret Davidson; Mr.. Dom
aid Bird, Davis Coale; Uncle Jack,
Harry Heal! Elfrida Carols Nurse,
Evelyn Blalock; The Butler. George
Jester; Their Neighbors. The Rug
gleses in the Rear; Mrs. Ruggles-
who was McGrill. Mildred Netoch;
Sarah Maude. Kathryn Rose; Peter.
Charles Rose: Peoria, Katharine
Bpicer: KITTY, Nellie Carrow; Glenn
ent, John McManus; Cornelius.
Charles Walters; and Larry, Ralph
Miller.
The Delaware City Century Club
will meet in the Town Hall this
evening. Warden NJ. S. Plummer.
Of the New Castle County Work
house, will be the principal speaker.
Each member is permitted 20 bring
one man guest to this meeting.
During the evening Professor z.
J. Heck, vice-principal and instruc-
tor OF manual training in the high
school. will play two mandolin solos:
The Hungarian Dance" by John
Brahms. and "Minnette in G." by
Beethoven. The Misses NJ. Phyllis
Mason. principal. and Katherine
Tuthill and Mrs. Hilda Jackowitz, /.
instructors of the high school, will
sing ''Canzone AMBROSE"
The weekly session of the parlia- |
mentary law class of the Century
Club, Mrs. Floy Booth. Of Whining |
ton, instructor, will meet at 1:15 /
o'clock tomorrow afternoon. At 3 I
o'clock Mrs. Booth will point out 10 /
the women OF the club just what /
changes are necessary TO the clubs .
Evening journal., 1922-12-14

John T. schunder. on Clinton street.
The Rev. L. W. Layfield. pastor Of
the Delaware City Methodist
Church. spent the last weekend at
Princess Ann. Nd. where he preach
ed Sunday.
Mrs. L. W. Layheld spent the
weekend with her son. Harry Lay
field and family. at Carney's Point,
New Jersey.
Mrs. Laura Vinton. mother Of Ben
jamin Vinton. Justice OF the peace,
who has been I'll for several days is
improving.
Henry Mel. Winchester left yes
terday for Georgetown, where he will
spend the rest OF the week cunning.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14
TEMPLE BAKE SALE.

The sisterhood OF the Temple Beth
Sholem win hold a bake sale and
dance in the auditorium OF the
Temple at Eighteenth and Washing
ton streets. next Tuesday evening.
Cakes. bread. pies and candles will
be offered.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14

Five hundred eggs were used in a
Christmas cake baked in London in
1859.
Wrestling has been popular among
all classes OF people IN Japan since
the first bout on record in 2S B. c.
Earliest use OF tea in China Is
thought 20 have been as a vegetable
relish rather than a beverage.
Evening journal., 1922-12-14

An automobile cottage with kit
chen. sleeping quarters for four and
a bath-tub with running water un-
der pressure. has been built by a
Pontiac. Mich, man for touring with
hts family
Evening journal., 1922-12-14

Fifty million tons OF coal could
he saved every year. II is claimed. II
efficient turbine engines could be
substituted for the present type IN
America.