davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1922-08-17
Minnesota Breeders. are
Asked to Conferences
State and County Associations to
Boost Better Cow Program Dur
ing Dairy Show

State and county cattle breeding
associations in the northwest Wednes-
day were asked to take part in pub
lie conferences during the National
Dairy exposition, Aug. 7 to ID. The
invitation was contained in letters
mailed from st. Paul by w. E.
Skinner, secretary of the National
Dairy Association, who is directing
arrangements for the exposition.
The conferences will aim to bring
about closer cooperation between
cattle raisers, machinery men, manu-
facturers of dairy products and sup
plies and others interested in the
dairy industry in carrying the mes
sage of good cows and pure food ,tc
the public. 49,. -.
Each state breed association is
urged to join in a roundup Of its
members, either the evening before
or the evening after the cattle are
judged.
Offers of all national breed associa
lions will attend the exposition anc
have been invited to address these
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1922-08-17
paa ua.4ua y y p y = y y y u
BIRCHDALE

u M y y y y n u y y p y y p y y
Quite few from this neighborhood
attended the funeral of Gust Ander-
son last Thursday.
Mrs. Forsberg, and son Ernest,
Mrs. Alberta Anderson and Mrs :.
Craig from Minneapolis were guests
at the C. Schultz home last Sunday.
Mrs. Adelia Coyle visited a few
days with her mother and children.
Rena Schlicht visited with Corrine
Coyle Monday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. Nelson visited
at the Nels Anderson home at Sank
Centre over Sunday.
Estella Kircher helped Mrs. Mil
ton Kircher few days last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chris Schultz called
on Mrs. Alberta Anderson Tuesday
afternoon.
The Gust Kircholl family are NOV
ing south of Sank Centre and took
a few loads out already this week.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1922-08-17

at the Leible home Sunday evening
and helped celebrate birthday ami
versary. A fine time was had by all.
had by all.
Mrs. A. r. Rock of st. Paul Wis
tied at Connelly's Monday. Mrs.
Rock was formerly Julia Connolly.
Mrs. Mary Hudson took dinner at
Connellys Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Determan en-
tertained the following at supper
Sunday: Mr.. and Mrs. Frank and
sons; Mr.. and Mrs. Will Schley and
family; Mr.. and Mrs. Proell and fam
lily.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1922-08-17

women. This phase is under the di-
rection of Mrs. E ". Ripley, secre-
tary of the Hubbard County Farm
Bureau association and member of
the state board of directors.
cit is not difficult to organize
units" says Mr.. Jones, "but once
they are organized, they must have a
well defined program of work if they
are to become permanent.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1922-08-17

round-upS.
State secretaries who are seeking
to develop additional markets for
good stock are urged in Mr.. Skin
ner's letter to enlist the cooperation
of county breed organizations in MAX
ing the roundup of each breed an
inspiring demonstration
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1922-08-17
! COUNTY NEWS
items from Live Correspondents
of the Rural District
uau q 4 up4p y Il y p p q p y
d MCCORMICK LAKE ;.
uuu ppH y y q q q q q y y


Mr. and Mrs. Gibson and family
took dinner at w. Reese's Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Botz and family call
cd at Determan's Sunday evening.
Mr. Gamradt and Ed were busi-
,ess callers at Tanks Monday.
Mr. serley visited with his daugh-
Ter Mrs. Leo Traeger last TUESDAY
cbos horton was a visitor in this
vicinity Sunday.
Dave Caughren and family called
Of Halverson's Monday evening.
Leo Demro spent Monday evening
at Knapps.
Mrs. Key called at y. HalVefSon .
Monday morning. .a' ID
Elmo Peterson assisted marry
Knapp with his haying last TUESDAY
Mr.. and Mrs. R. Klarr took olhhei
at Lake Side Farm Sunday.
Mrs Mary Hudson called on Mrs.
Leo Traeger Monday afternoon.
Ike Henry was business caller at
Toe Determan's Sunday.
Mrs. Mann spent Thursday after"
noon and evening at Wilcoxs..
William Otte is spending a re"
DAVIS at the B. T. Otte home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ole Halverson ana
family spent Sunday with his moeher
Mrs. A. Halverson.
Mr.. and Mrs. ellison and son Maui-
;.o called at Determan's and Knapp's
Sunday evening.
Willie Determan assisted with the
chores at Knapp's during Mr.. Knapp's
Mrs Will Tank and daughter Esther
of Fergus Falls spent Wednesday al
ternoon at the Tank home.
Bernard and Willie Determan
belped Mr.. FRANKIE a couple OF days
last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Connolly and Esther
called at Arthur Graham's Sunday
afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Connolly and
danohter Esther took dinner at Frank
Peshecks Sunday.
Parnell Morck, Mr.. and Mrs. Geo
Grundman and Dola took supper al
Knapp's Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Traeger ane
baby called at o. w. Serley's Mon
day, also at Knapp's.
Bruce Wilcox is employed on th'
State Highway between. Westpor
and Sank Centre.
Mr.. and Mrs. Norgarden and famil!
of Leroy formerly of this communit!
are visiting in this vicinity this week
Regina Tank attended a birthda!
party Saturday afternoon given to-
oittle Miss Alice Botz. 1t was tn
little lady's 10th birthday.
Bruce Wilcox, Leo Demro and Har
nv Knapp spent from Monday unit
Wednesday evening at Willard las
week.
Mrs. A. G. Fillmann and children
of Hewitt spent couple of days las
week at the home of her brother, Lee
Traeger.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Gamradt an
family, Mrs. A. Johnson and daugh
ter Mrs. Mendium of Minneapolis
visited at Tanks Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Traeger an
baby Mr., and Mrs. r. Klarr spen
Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Pet
Essler.
A number of young folks gathere
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03
A BOOKS VALUE.

Tony LuInpkin's sage remark that
the cream Of the correspondence Is In.
side the envelope may be adapted with
equal truth 10 books; for the literary
cream Of most volumes IL certainly
that portion that is found within the
binding, particularly IN modern times
when the binding Of books commonly
bears the unmlstakable imprint Of
economy and utility. But II was not
always so, Gs may be judged from q
new and In many ways exceptional
book catalog issued by a London hrm
OF booksellers, says the Christian
Science Monitor. The catalog names
rare books, the value Of which oe-
ponds not on the reading matter OF the
volumes but on the bindings. Collec-
tors OF books for their bindings are
comparatively few, yet there was q
time when the craftsmanship bestowed
upon binding gave It an artistic
worth little less than that Of the read
ing matter within. Books were not 50
Ightly purchased and sold In those
days.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03

Sometimes It has taken what seemed
necessary abuse, though
She then related some OF their tray
e s that carried them all over the New
England states down TO Florida and
up into Canada hes de the trans con
tinental tours, The car hal Travelled
over mountain and desert GOOD road3
and bad roads, prairie and what the
Spauldings sa d were the most beauti-
fll bculevards to be seen, namely, Kan
sas City's. with Mrs. SpmldiGg at The
wheel the Ford has forded swol en-
streams that nece STATED flying
start to prevent waite. from stopping
the engine and has tavorsed such
rarrow mountain rGs3es that to meet
another car would mean complete
traffic te-up.
Wa have seen everything IN the
United States worth eeoirS" her hue.
bard sid but werc not through yet"
Something napned the sile Of tho
tent and from under the eanory crept
a dog Then another anal another un.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03
CHAMPION WOMAN
"FLIVVER" DRIVER
Her Name Is Mrs. Florence {. spauld-
Ing and She Halls from
Tunbr doe

Champion woman oliver" driver
frs Florence e. Spauld 'ng, 65, OF Tun.
idge VI
lie record maker 1914 model Ford
r~'n- car has trave ed more than So
900 miles. Goal 100000 miles It ha
onsum q OIL ga Ions Of gasoline and
ro0 quarts OF OIL mo record OF water
ueed) Average IA m les a gallon and
20 miles a quart of oil 1t has worn
'ut 20 sets of tres Average load. 2
n) pounds Longest days trip, 26S
niles. Shorte days trip, u miles
10y
There's a semblance OF a Roman
char OF or a Napo comic wagon or,
what many persons N various coun.
tries and with different tongues refer
% as Ford that soon will be sold or
given away Rel ewing faithfully that
tho o'ns NJ forhears. In this case pre-
decessors is transmitted unto the third
I'D rth generations, and being &C
customed to these "s'ns," new one Of
I'm lar rattern will be bought after
% -aal--1OO 900 miles-has been
ached
s, avs Mrs Florence E. Spau ding,
3 wife Of L r. Spaulding 70, nephew
tn to Charles C Spaulding. pro.
1T # Kansas ty' and author OF
Tho City Of Kansas and the Great
--s-te n pain 10 whose memory
ards a memorial tablet In Penn Val.
Park Mr. and Mrs. Spaulding are
Their fourth round trip. trans con.
mental tour. The same Ford is being
d as on previous trips.
Il guegsI'ye made a record that 9th.
~ women 'nivver' drivers can shoot
at" Mrs. Srau ding said the other day,
ting her motor car tent in the
-Vr'st ravk in North Kansas City.
TN- c"up'e arrived a week ago last
Saturday having been on the road
from TUnbJid7e VT snre Sent lst
! They will go TO California taking the
-outhern route through Texao Mr.,
MS Sparkling have been touring
o~ end on every year since 1914.
From the first day Mrs Spaulding
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03

til there were ten, rang ng from three
weeks to four years old. Mrs Spauld
ing explained she was a lover of dogs
This little one here is three we
cd, born in Pennsylvania" she said.
THAT large hound dog over there is a
yagabond we picked up N Virginia
1t was tied by long cord to tiou.
wheel of the car. This was necessar.
because Of it, randi ne habits anc
teaching the others naughty tricks b!
leading them astray. The other dog
Mrs. Spauldng has raised They ride
Dc luxe N two boxes on the rear seat
tho, youngest and its mother in froa,
where special care can be given.
The Spauldings accoutyements are o
tent two cots, twQ burner oil stove
q 10 able writing tab the dog boxes
and other camp eQuipment-Kan a.
CITY Sta
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03
Quit Tobacco
So easy to drop Cigarette, Cigar,
or Chewing Habit

NoTo.T}ac has helped thousands to
break the costly, nerve-shattering to-
hacco habit Whenever you have a
longing for smoke or chew, just
p ace a harmless No.To-Bac tablet in
your mouth instead. All desire stops.
short Y the habit s completely brok.
en- and you are better off mentally,
physically financial y It's so easy.
so simple Get a box OF No.To.Bac
and If Il doesn't release you from all
craving for tobacco In any form, your
drugg st Will refund your money with.
out question, -Adyertisement
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03
INGROWN TOE NAIL
TURNS OUT ITSELF

noted authority says tnat few
drops OF "Outgro upon the skin sur.
rounding the ingrowing nail reduces
inflammation and pain and so tough.
ems the tender. sensitive skin under
meath the toe nail, that it can not
penetrate the flesh, and the nail turns
naturally outward almost over night.
"Outgro" is n harm ess, antiseptic
manufactured for c1rOpodists. How
ever, anyone can buy from the drug
store a tiny bottle containing drec.
tions. Advertisement
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03

ssumed all responslb lity, and, con.
trary to a general suppositlcn about
women drivers, her record is some
Ii ng to shoot at" She never has had
an accident as was conflded as she
eded to rap on wooden spoke of
her "flvvet."
How does she do ~" inquired a
neighbor camper overhearing the con.
versation.
Well Mrs. Spauldng said, when
we got our car my husband was II and
too nervous to drive II we were TO
use it, II was up to me to learn al.
avs try to treat the mechanism as
would anything else, and not abuse It,
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1922-01-03

There ,- notsla= unlucky. about the
80 bin 10 tine l:oA VINO is brHEe
Us unlHcFr pat IL thar ne i6sp''
pne.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
PLANS MADE FOR MEETING
Grade 6tndenta, Stock Judeins
Clubs to Convene Soon.

Grade Stndents, Stock Judeins
Clubs to Convene Soon.
A series of meetings for teachers and
members Of stock judging clubs, organ.
lied by grade studeais throughout the
state. will Be held this month. They
will BE- held al the following places:
Ashland, January IL; Columbia, January
l3; Hallsville, January IA.
These meetings will be held in the
afternoon, beginning a. o'clock. Teach.
ers will bring all club members. Pat.
rons are also invited to attend these
gatherings. The question discussed will
be, what are the present difficulties in
my school work?" In addition there
viii be program for the club members
and Prof. r. H. Emberson, state pres.
idcnt Of the organization, will address
each meeting on "Cirls' and Boys Club
Work"
Charles Northcutt. county super
iniendent Of schools, has charge oi
these meetings. In order to. encourage
interest in the clubs, any boy or girl
who completes one lire Of work in this
club is given a grade Of ninety in agri.
culture and excused from final exam.
ination in the course.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10

-trsde papen, maIs r6psIt cards and put
TIE grades % the two 80 II continaehs
record c6fds which, are kept for each
child 1t any time enrolled in the Co.
lumbip schools. =
The class Of the third grade of the
Benton School is preparing TO tell The
Story Of Loaf Of sBrcsd" with colored
paper, soissers and paste. The work is
to be sent to the State, Fair at Sodalia
next August. The children began their
study Of bread by reading and then tell
ing The. story in language class.. Since
eowine wheat Is no novelty to the chill.
dren Of Columbia, the work Of the farm
er in raising wheat, preparing the
ground, and caring for II were readily
made part Of the class work. The his
tory Of the loaf Of bread was followed
until it was sent to the grocer, finished
product. When the children were entire
ly familiar with the process Of convert.
ing wheat into -four, they wished to
make a book that would tell the story.
They have cut out the figures freehand,
each figure representing unerrinsly the
idea or action Of particular part Of the
story. The farmer in his wheat field,
the baker with his rolls of bread, the
customers in the grocery store taking
the bread in their hands are cut so well
that no one could misunderstood. The
figures are cut out Of different colored
papers and then pasted together. The far.
mcr wears blue overalls, black shoes, yel-
low straw hat and a white shirt. His
field Of wheat is made up Of strips Of yel-
low paper and the blue sky is made from
strips Of wavy blue paper.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
MAINLY. .ABoUTPEoPLE

Mrs. /, S. Asbury. went to Scdalia yes
terday to visit her son, r. P. Asbury.
Mrs. E. A. Pollock. Of Hinton, left yes
ferday' for Montrcse to visit her daush-
ter, Mrs. ]. H. Beet.
Mrs. George Sapps who has been shop
ping in Columbia. returned to her home
at McBain Yesterday
Mrs. F. A. Dalton and son Walter, 1919
East Broadway, went to nevada. Mo-,
yesterday for short visit with relatives.
Mrs. T. Howard Groves, who has been
visiting her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. A. R.
Spence. six miles northeast of Columbia,
returned home Sunday.
Sebree Baskctt, of Fayette, visited
friends in Columbia Sunday. Mr.. Bas-
kett formerly attended the University. and
was a member Of the Sigma Nu fraternity.
Mrs. Charles Hale, SIS Hit street, re-
turned Sunday from Kansas City where
she went with Mr.. Dale to attend the
annual convention Of the Business Mems
Assurance Company.
Mrs. L. S. Longfellow Of Kansas City,
who has been visiting her parents. Mr..
and Mrs. N. C. Beaven. left yesterday
for Paris, Mo-, where she will visit her
sister, Mrs. A. F. Morris. before return
ing to Kansas City.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
INDIAN COUNCIL CIRCLE HELD
Stephens College Girls Bcoms Sing
@ ing Braves.


A long line Of singing braves entered
the Indian Council Circle lass might a,
7:30 o'clock in the Stephens College
gymnasium and grouped themselves &C.
cording to their tribes. Most Of the girl,
wore their regulation gymnasium out.
fits and tribal headdress. Scattered
among the Blackfeet tribe could be seer
southern negro boys and girls. Far East.
erfn mystics added to the Dakotas. Many
other original costumes added to the
beauty of the scene around the fire. 5
The great chief, Miss Gladys Penning
ton, seated on a many-colored divan
gave out the laws Of the council: abso.
Lutte silence, and sacredness Of the coun
Gil circle. The great chief said that
the fire was to bring blessing upon the
first council meeting. and the pipe ol
peace was smoked to invoke the blessing
to the Indian god. Aa
Competition between the tribes for the
best songs and yells formed the chiei
part Of the program. Each Of the tribes
was called upon to offer some stunt
Among them were a sightseeing trir
through Stephens, with east of cele.
braied land bathing beauties, song by
Miss Mary Opal McLennan. the back,
ward gym class, the photographer,
shop, dog dance, dance by Miss Dixie
Dunham. a clever presentatiOn of the
fairy story, Blucbeard and his bcheaded
wives, negro sermonette, and Persian
Mystic Hobble Cobblc, learned high
priestess, who answered all questions Of
the braves. Other individual stunts
we're by Miss Ethel and Miss Eulelia
Ewing, Miss Mary Louise Melvin, and
Miss Mary Wilson.
The following were the principal tribes
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10

Newspaper .rep6teis have He alSo
wrote an sfticle on the high sctool
Christmas programs Miss Berry wrote
an article on ATalents in which she said
that everyone has at least one talent and
that school life offers the best opportun.
ity to develop II.
The paper also had accounts Of the
important events at the high school dur
ing December, the banquet given for the
football team, tie assembly fo- the Cfcs-
set, which Is Tie high school annual,
the program given by, the Thalian Guild
on December II, debating news, the
French Clubs Christmas program, the
Christmas cantata given by the glee clubs
and the athletic news 81
The work Of the Radio Club was dis
cussed, the organization Of the Com
mercial Club, and Better Health
Week" The paper .slso contained sew
eral editorial articles, as well as ex-
changes from other school papers.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
Christian College Notes

Miss Virginia Hudson Of Marshall has
accepted position teaching English at
Christian College. Miss Hudson has al.
ready begun her new work. Last year
she taught English in a New York state
high school. Miss Hudson was graduated
from Missouri Valley College at Mar
shall.
The annual dinner party Of the college
specials II Christian College will be held
Friday. January 20. Miss Iva Mae Lew
ellen is the president Of the class.
Henry Erect, who attends Kempcr Mil
itary Academy, has been visiting his
mother, Mrs. Ida Freet, and his sister,
Helen. Of Christian College. He left to-
day for Boonville.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
UNIVERSITY NEWS

Sam Lieberman of St. Louis is visit.
ing here. Mr.. Lieberman is former
student Of the School Of Law.
Oliver M. Smith of St. Louis has re-
turned to Columbia to re-cnter the Uni
versity. Mr.. Smith has been represent.
ing the local chapter of the Sigma Nu
fraternity at its biennial grand chapter
meeting held in Philadelphia, December
30, 81 and January i.
John F. Ahlers of the personnel depart
ment of the National Cash Register Com
pany, Dayton. Ohio. spent yesterday at
the University as the guest of President
]. C. Jones. While here he talked to the
seniors Of the School of Commerce. He
left yesterday afternoon.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10

State Penitcntiary, Will Irwin was one
of the first to see him and with his aid
wrote Beating Back"
Mr. Irwin was well acquainted with
San Francisco, having worked on news
papers there for a number of years when
he was just beginning his wonderful ca
reer in journalism. Al the time of the
San Francisco earthquake and fire in
1906, he sat down at typewriter in the
New York Sun office and scooped the
story from all the other reporters who
were or were not at the disaster by writ
ing story before the fire, 5000 mikes
away, was checked
FAMOUS WAR CORRESPONDENT
During the World War, Irwin acted as
a special correspondent. The British
Weekly, a London newspaper wrote,
NO message from any correspondent
during the war has surpassed his in
merit and interest" The London Daily
Mail placed him among the foremost Of
special correspondents with the late
George W. Stevens. and Archibald
Forbes. His fame as a war correspondent
on the actual field of battle. swept like
a meteor across tho sky. He soon came
10 be recognized as one of the two best
American correspondents in the war zone,
the other being Irwin S. Cobb.
Mr.. Irwin was born in New York, but
has spent great deal Of his time in the
West.
Irwin is known for his interesting and
individual manner of writing. In his
article, "Our Big Chance he tells Of the
race hatred in Europe. Whether il were
a German roasting an Englishman, or a
Frcnchman roasting the Germans, or an
Italian roasting the Greeks, or Slav
the Hungarians, or an underclass Span
lard roasting the French, in nine cases
out Of ten he finishes with this: And
finally they are the biggest liars on
earihi'
HAS TRAVELLED WIDELY
Mr.. Irwin is widely Travelled, having
covered thoroughly the continent of Eu-
rope His accounts of his travels and
people in foreign lands are delight to
his hearers.
"Mr. Irwin was an extremely interest.
ing young man. said Mrs o. H. Scott,
goo University, who remembers him at
the age Of q. when he and his brother
Wallace, stayed at the Scott home in
San Francisco. "He was just beginning
his career in journalism at that time. and
was editor of San Francisco paper,
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
IRWIN HAS A
GOOD RECORD
AS JOURNALIST
''The Ace Of Correspondents
Gained Fame as a Writer
During the Recent :
World War. fT
TO SPEAK HERE MONDAY
His Engagement Secured by
University Debating Club
VIII Speak on
''Next War"

The record Of Will Irwin, @The Ace Of
Correspondents" who will deliver lee.
turc in the Auditorium of Jesse Hall, at
4 o'clock Monday afternoon, under the
auspices Of the University Debating Club,
is one of the most Interesting and bril-.
liant of correspondents in the records OF
American journalism. His repertoire Of
writings covers the entire field Of the pcp.
fcssion, ranging from human interest
stories Of extrain robbers. TO the recen,
World War.
When AL Jennings went to New York
TO tell about his experiences in the Ohio
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
In THE CRY SCHOOLS


The December issue Of Radio News
contains an article on the nse Of card
board tubes on wireless outfits which was
invented by Kenneth Nebel. junior in
Columbia High School.
The examination schedule for this
week in the public schools was sent to
each building this morning. Il is as FOL
lows: Reading, Monday morning; arith'
metic, Tuesday afternoon; spelling Wed.
nesday morning; geography, Friday
morning. Thursday. and Friday after.
Moons the pupils of the fourth. grade and
up will be excused for the afternoon in
order that the teachers will have time to
-
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10

WANTED TO BUY TODAY
Good Second Hand Furniture, Stoves,
Rugs, Etc. Phone for our buyer and
get the highest price.
Phone 238-Red. Hughes Furniture Co.
The Columbia evening Missourian., 1922-01-10
AssICNEE,s NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given to all the crcdi-
tors Of Joe Janousek, Of Columbia,
Missouri, that the undersigned Assignee
will, on Wednesday, January 18th, 1922,
at the Office of the Boone County Trus,
Company, in the city of Columbia,
Boone County, Missouri, proceed public.
ly to adjust and allow demsnds against
the estate and effects assigned to the