davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1922-09-03

CPANISH bulls trained peevish The ugier they
~ they the breeders Them of
this the bulghers get in front of them with big red and
around always keeping their and jumping nby to
side when the bull rushes at them with head down.
Spanish bufghters spend Of their youth training
Rodoph Valentino had about three months In which
the when he training to take the role of Gaardo
Sand picture of the Ibanez
Valentino toreador fights bull in important
in the picture
Evening star., 1922-01-01

was arriving ten days ahead Of the
calendar, SO the conference Of learned
men which he assembled cut eleven
days out Of the year 1882 by shorten
ing the month Of September-the Sd
Of that month being followed by the
14th.
But It was the moon that April
fooled the children.
The church had always been run
ming q lunar year to determine re-
ligious holidays. It does so yet
whereby Easter comes irregularly. It
10 one Of the things which the com.
ing conference is called to regulate.
An irregular Easter was all right
enough IN those easygoing times
There was nothing to trouble the
farmers barley sowing, 30 long as
the year itself began on . fixed date.
Romulus had made tho year begin
on March /. Caesar changed It to
January /. Chariemagns shifted it back
to March I. II was all right either
way. Between tho first day Of the
year and the spring equinox the num-
bsr Of days had always been constant
under each great lawgiver's system
except aIways. for the slowly In
Evening star., 1922-01-01

catalyst under other conditions. The
. method Of keeping it SO that it will
retain its strength indefinitely. How
easily its efficiency can be lowered by
varying conditions Is illustrated by
fact that even oxygen in the air
poisons 1t. When a permanent cata-
lyst can be obtained and kept the
Haver process will be perfected and
nitrogen can be manufactured almost
at the costs of operation of the ma
chinery, for the atmosphere will fur
nish the basic constituent.
Although the laboratory is direct
ing its main efforts to the Haver
method, chemists proceeding along
the arc and cyamid processes are no
less eager. The cyamid process is
successful and efforts here are being
directed alone to lowering the cost
of manufacture. The Muscle Shoals
plant was built in the Alabama mine
district because it would be in close
proximity to rich deposits of lime
stone and coal and water power could
be obtained for operation of the ma
chinery. There is little doubt that
the plant would be successful if funds
to finish the operation could be OBJ
tanned, but the chemists point out
that the process will be costly until
it's production reaches certain point.
The Haver process would eliminate
all costs Of limestone and coke. but
the manufacture of enough catalyst
to supply the plant would also enter
into the estimates. However. If a
permanent catalyst is produced the
initial cost for this will be almost
the only cost
X 4 r
THE arc method by EMPLOYING the
: electric jump spark. which de-
Evening star., 1922-01-01

New Year, with the old. fixed custom
Of handsome and substantial gifts to
all children.
THIS Is why tho tale Of sudden.
monumental bunk. admittedly un-
premeditated. but none the less fatai'
concerns even you. my dears, whose
mamma reads these lines aloud to you.
Although you were not there, you
were f1im-fiammed on that ancient
date-unless you get fine gifts on
Easter day. at present Do you?
What a howl the children OF the
Christian world set up between the
years 1855 and 1889. when. without
warning, New Year ceased to como
the day before Easter. The story Of
<his juvenile April-fooling is quite
authentic. In fact. II started the April.
fool game, as win be seen. It goes
back to the sun and moon. The sun
FIRST
Civilization was long perfecting a
calendar to keep up with the sun. the
apparent solar ellipse turning slowly
md the sauinoxss not being dxed
potnkA the oivn year Of Romulus had
xet % fag ahead Of ne wssthsf that
Evening star., 1922-01-01
Making Window Glass.
THE making Of window Elass is

THE making Of window glass is at
1 present Of moro than ordinary I'M
portance because Of efforts being
made to foster our independence from
the German monopoly that existed
before the war.
It may not be generally known that
the sheet Of glass with which we are
so familiar is made by the roundabout
way of blowing the glass Into cylin-
ders, which are then slit and fiat
tened into sheeta
The Jumps Of raw glass are at
tached in the furnace to the ends Of
long tubes, then heated to a sufficient
temperature to permit Of blowing. At
first the mass takes on q roughly
globular shape. which. as It cools, Is
reheated, and, under the continued
manipulation Of the blower takes on a
pear-shape. The third reheatfng and
blowing forms q long cylinder Of
even section. so long that pits are
provided for its accommodation, the
blower standing on the edge and hold
ing the long. narrow bubble In the Dit
while he works
The cylinder Is then plaoed on a
bench, held in position by wooden
wedges and the ends removed. A
rim of molten glass Is smeared around
the line Of cleavage at eauh and to
prevent splitting during the remain
der Of the process. Then . diamond
cutter slits each tube from end to
end and small wedges are inserted.
Tho glass Is now ready to go to the
heating oven for fiatteninE.
II is conveyed to this oven me.
chanically and deposited on an iron
table with q stone top. which is
moved back and forth inside the oven
by means Of Q long rod protruding
through a hole In the oven wall The
'.ironer' stands at the door Of the
oven. and after pushing the glass of
the loading frame onto the table, he
works at It with long tool consist
ing Of q long handle with q block Of
water soaked weed At the end An
assistant moves the table back and
forth at the ironer's command, until
the glass has been reduced to a nat
sheet.
Evening star., 1922-01-01

coached q victorious team there and
elsewhere for fifteen years.
Throughout his entire forty-six
years Dan Reed has been in training,
Keeping himself At for q mans work
in this world and to help make his
native land a better place in which
to live-for outside Of Congress Rep
resentative Reed is a doctor for sick
cities. He first came into prominence
at Cornell University. where he was
on the foot ball team in 1896, 1897
and 1898. and was one Of the best
players of his day. Col. Joe Beacham,
now stationed at tho Army War Col
lege, was captain Of the 's6 team and
one Of the greatest halfbacks Of his
time, and so chosen by Walter Camp
the public opinion. Reed played guard,
and those were the days when the
guards played back and took a very
active part in advancing the ball. He
played opposite such players as Big
Bill Edwards Of New York and Bemis
Pierce, the Indian. He played hard
and fast. but clean.
Dan Reed. that's how he is best
known from the Atlantic to the Pa
cif,c and from the Canadian border
to the Gulf of Mexico, coached the
Cornell line for fifteen years. He
also coached Penn State and while on
that Job took the since famous Moth
or Dunn as q green man and made
him into an all-American center. He
coached Cornell the first year his old
alma mater beat Penn State, and the
only team that beat Cornell while he
was coach in 1901 was Princeton. by
the score SIS.
While at Cornell Reed was also
heavyweight wrestler and never lost
q match. He threw tho hammer some
and rowed on the crew under Court
ney, Here's q big point about his
college career; Reed shone in athletics
while standing high In his class work
and working his way through
waiting on table, selling clothes.
working in q bookstore and even
running a boarding house.
4 4 4 +
REPRESENTATIVE FREDERICK
N LEHLBACH OF New Jersey has
been pressing in Congress q bill for
reclassification Of the government
employes. He has demonstrated
adroitness in getting consideration
Of this legislation that could have
been learned only by his skill in
wrestling and gymnastics at Yale.
He won tho lightweight wrestling
matches for his class in the inter-
class matches. He was runner-up
for the lightweight wrestling cham
pionship Of the university. He won
arst place In various competitions In
eymnastic contests and was captain
Of tho Yale gymnastic team his senior
year.
Representative Luoian W. Parrish
Is . big, genial fellow who since com-
ing to Congress has made . fortune
in the oil fields. Down In Texas they
are still talking Of the athletic rec
ord he hung up at the University OF
Texas while taking three degrees and
paying for his education by his own
labor. He was captain OF the foot
ball and track teams and won numer-
GUS medals and silver cups.
The stout MAN, now chairman Of the
Evening star., 1922-01-01
UNCLE SANS GREAT LABORATORY TURNS
FROM WAR WORK TO TASKS OF PEACE DAYS

composes the elements Of the air.
leaving nitrogen, is being employed
in the manufacture of nitrates in the
Scandinavian countries now. Its chief
drawback in the United States is the
cost of the electric power necessary
to keep up the arcs. In Norway and
Sweden waterpower products make
cheap electricity.
Chemists at the laboratory are now
endeavoring to discover what actu-
ally takes place when an electric
spark jumps a gap. They know the
result, that nitrogen is found iso-
lated and that 1t can be fixed, but
what really happens to produce these
results is still more or less OF mys
terry.
In the course Of the experiments the
laboratory has succeeded for the first
time in distilling ozone until II Is 100
per cent pure. In the course OF the
experiments the ozone, the coldest
substance known, more than once
broke through the apparatus under
the intense pressure and scattered
glass over the laboratory. The dis
tillng apparatus now in use is care
fully covered with wire screen TO
prevent accidents in future explosions.
The distilled ozone is deep blue. ex-
planning why the sky is blue. 1t
boils at 119 degrees below zero. cent?
grade, and during the distilling proc
ess is inclosed in tube filled with
liquid air, which boils at 1874 degrees.
Chemists declare that distilled ozone
is probably the most destructive ex-
plosive known. Thus far ii has been
Impossible to employ il for war pur-
poses, because it could not be fixed.
1t must be kept under high pressure
and incased in liquid air. which in
itself can only be transported under
ideal conditions and in great steel
cylinders.
In the study OF the actual arc. a
spectograph, which breaks up a ray
of light into its many parts, Is one of
the interesting instruments in the
laboratory. A violet ray passes
through a quartz prism and shows
some eight or ten pencils of color on a
reflector. Insertion of a Photographic
plate before the reflector show as
many more pencils which are invisible
to the eye. The ray has not even been
thoroughly dissected then. In an
other spectograph which uses prism
of rock salt, waves which are visible
neither to the eye or the Photographic
plate are detected by their heat by
means of microscopically adjusted in
struments. In this laboratory is also
found an instrument which will meas
ure 1-2O000th of one degree of heat.
1t has been perfected there.
Urea, a new element in fertilizers.
has been produced by the chemists of
the laboratory. 1t is white sub
stance. and the product of apparatus
constructed at the laboratory and a
process perfected there.
DR.. Richard c. Tolman. former head
OF the division of physical chemistry
of the University of Illinois, is direc-
tor of the laboratory. He is the in
ventor of the famous toxic smoke
candle, an unused American horror in
the war, although millions of them
were in process of manufacture when
the armistice was signed DR.. AL
fred T. Larson is responsible for the
production of the catalysts obtained.
and probably knows more about them
than any other man in America
Evening star., 1922-01-01
MANY FAMOUS ATHLETES IN CONGRESS

/ Representative Hubert F. Fisher Of
Memphis, Tenn. was center rush and
| right guard on the Princeton foot
| ball team in 1900 and 1901.
Representative Adam NJ. Wyant of
Pennsylvania played on the Bucknell
foot ball team and made quite a rec
! ord in the late nineties.
Representative Sidney E. Mudd OF
Maryland was known far and wide
as a catcher of the Georgetown Uni
versity base ball team, from which
| institution he was graduated in 1906.
Representative Marvin Jones Of
Texas also played on the base ball
team while attending Georgetown.
Representative Anderson H. Walters
of Pennsylvania has always been in
terested in and patron of sports
and athletics. When he was boy
| and young man he was a track man
! and base ball player. He organized
an amateur base ball league in his
home city, Johnstown. The plan was
approved and adopted by the Play
grounds Association of the United
States and this resulted in the forma-
tion Of the American Amateur Base
Ball Association-the sand lot" or
ganization.
Representative George Holden Tink-
ham of Massachusetts brings to Con-
gress another phase Of athletics. He
has all his life devoted much
time regularly to gymnastics and
rowing, but his particular forte has
been horseback riding and amateur
boxing. He rode horseback for more
than seven years before he came to
Congress. He has been boxing with
the best amateurs and professionals
at the Boston Athletic Association
for fifteen years. AS an amateur he
held the record at the B. A. A.
| It is claimed that Representative
Norm OF Pennsylvania has won more
than 100 ring battles in his home
state"
| Representative Fred A. Britten OF
| Illinois is another champion amateur
scrapper.
| In the early days OF automobile
racing Representative Clifford ireland
was one Of the speed kings and he
won his full share of races. He is
now chairman Of the committee of
accounts. He drove his cars to vic
tory in the OUTLAW" days, before or
ganized racing came into vogue.
Since 1911 all races have been under
the sanction Of the contest board of
the American Automobile Association.
| Representative Isaac Bachrach OF
! New Jersey was champion along still
another line in the days when skating
was q great American sport. He
cleaned UP all competitors at the
great racing meets in Atlantic City.
Senator Edge Of New Jersey in
his youth started to make his way
rapidly in the world by pedaling
a bicycle. He travelled all over the
country participating in bicycle car
nivals and won q number OF lots of
land and pianos by his dexterity.
RepresentatiTe Eugene Black of
Texas along in 1898 was backstop
for the same Blossom" championship
team of which Representative "Jack"
Garner in an earlier year was csD-
tain and ShortGtopL
Evening star., 1922-01-01
The Periscope.

Under this name tho Commandant
- soulie Dc Csnao Of the French
Legion Of Honor has designed q
pinos-nes, or syeglass. which enables
the wearer to see at the Same time on
all sides, and even behind. This 10
inseniously effected BY means Of re-
f1eotionR At the same time the
classes are 80 constructed ~ to cor.
rect myopia and other errors Of vis-
ion. A use for the instrument that
the inventor did not think OF has
been Fevealed to him by deaf persons
employing It. They say that It in.
oreases their safety by enabling them
to perceive the approach Of dangers.
Evening star., 1922-01-01

progress. They have obtained a
catalyst, the basis of this method. far
superior to that produced by such
private concerns as have expert
mented in this process. Tho greater
portion of the American University
plant Is devoted to tests and expert
ments with catalysts. Tho secret for
its manufacture Is known to only
three or four men at the laboratory
and specimen catalyst produced there
is guarded carefully and deposited in
heavy safes at night.
r y X X
IT is for this agricultural purpose
that Henry Ford has contemplated
purchasing the Muscle Shoals plant
He hopes to manufacture the fer
tilizer and develop the process
brought to a standstill by the failure
of Congress to appropriate more
funds. A great nitrate plant at Shelf
field, Ala, also built during the war
for operation under the Haver proc
ess, has been unsuccessful because
the private concern which erected 1t
was never able to obtain catalyst
sufficiently efficient Chemists at the
laboratory here have produced a
catalyst 5 per cent more efficient than
that Of the Germans. who invented
the process. An experimental plant
adjoining the laboratory contains ten
great "bombs," into the center of each
of which a quantity of the catalyst is
lowered in a tube. 1t Is then sub
jected to action by gas at pressures
up to 1900 pounds and the results
carefully recorded. Tho pressure and
the temperatures under which they
are applied are also carefully record
ed in the experiment by automatic de-
vices. In the laboratory proper other
chemists are watching theaotion Of the
Evening star., 1922-01-01

creasing discrepancy Of the sun.
which Gregory arranged by cutting
out those eleven days.
DUT VIXEN, in the twelfth century,
- the Christian world transferred
New Year day from Charlemagne's
March to holy Saturday. the lunar
year began to get in it's fine work.
Holy Saturday, then as now, might
fall anywhere between March "a and
April 24-and New Year day was no
longer a fixed date for centuries. cit
is peculiar that this great fact is SO
little known. But-tut. tut!-lots Of
other great facts are less known.)
In England, where they came to
fix their own particular English New
Year on March Is (but in England
only, the confusion was SO much
less that the modern change to jan
uary / was not made until the year
1859; but in Franco the mix-up had
become so troublesome that Charles
TX. eighteen years before Pope Greg
orys conference, decreed that New
Year day should fall on January
in Francois in the days Of julius
Caesar, when there was neither
Christmas nor Easter.
So, the blight struck French chill
dren first Out Of good came Ill. On
Easter day Of the year 1865 the chill
dren set up a plaintive inquiry.
hoh
tomary New Year gifts?
January I (you see) had passed un-
noticed over their innocent little
heads, a merely technical date, even
for their parents. And now. on Eas-
ter day the children learned, all in
explicable, that yesterday had not
been New Year!
New Year is past, long. long ago!"
their parents explained. "New Year
was last Januaryr
"Yes," the children answered. sbut
our presentsf"
"You had them on Christmas" said
the parents.
But tho children knew that they
were Christmas gifts.
I'VE always had them, anyhow
they whimpered.
And on Easter morning. when they
got their eggs, they knew that they
were Easter eggs.
Eggs arc not much for gifts!
Where were the handsome and sub
stantial New Year presents which
they. always got on the Saturday
nj ght before Easter morning? Alas
they had got lost in tho shuttle!
For centuries, you sec. every one
had received real, worthwhile New
Year presents (relic Of the antique
Roman world) between March "a and
April 24-on Holy Saturday, the only
New Year day that existed. Even the
English March Is was so far from
Christmas that there could be no pos
sible confusion with Christmas pres
ents. These New Year sweeteners had
been. immemorially. Of prime I'M
portance. not only to children. but to
all house servants. clerks. family de-
pendents and feudal retainera
Now. suddenly. by some juggling
with the calendar. their old familiar
New Year Of Easter time had simply
disappeared. along with its valuables.
Next winter there would be the date
on January land a vague kind Of
promise to make good on that new
New Year day. But January was far
away, and any child could sec that
its gifts would merge with these Of
ChristmaA
Evening star., 1922-01-01

House committee on interstate and
foreign commerce. who is author of
tho winslow railroad funding bill,
during his Harvard days captained a
championship team In 1885. He play
ed right field when he wasn't pitch
ing. Capt Winslow has the distinc-
ton of leading his nine to victory
over Yale and Princeton for the first
time in many years.
Winslow went back and coached the
Harvard team for quite few years.
Representative James A. Gallivan of
Boston was one of the most famous
shortstops Harvard ever had. He was
at his best in 1888. They tell an anus
ing story about tho enthusiastic sport
loving Roosevelt In the early days Of
the war Gallivan made a speech on the
floor Of the House, urging that Roosevelt
should be sent overseas at the head of a
division. Discussing the situation with
friends Roosevelt asked: Who is this
Gallivan. anyhow" why you must
know him." was tho reply He is an
old Harvard man-was considerable Of
ball player" "Gallivan-Gallivan,"
cog1tated Roosevelt, and then a great
light broke over his mind and counte-
nance. DO you mean Jim Gallivan, the
great shortstop?' And when he was
convinced he murmured unbelievingly:
Il never thought that Jim Gallivan
would be content to come down to the
status Of q mere member of Congress"
And here's another great Harvard
captain-Representati Louis A. Froth-
ingham. Winslow's team beat Yale and
Princeton, and then q slump in Harvard
hans in 1892 and 1898. put pep into the
nine. The first year he was captain they
tied Yale and beat Princeton. Yale
wouldn't play the third game The next
year they beat both Yale and Princeton.
rockingham played second base on the
team for four years.
Representative John D. Clarke of New
. York graduated from Lafayette in 1888.
For four years he was on tho base ball
team as pitcher and centerhelder. For
three yeas he was captain Of the track
team and held the record for the 44o-
yard run In Pennsylvania for q number
Of years, his time being 80 1-5 seconds.
He coached the foot ball and base ball
teams, and the first foot ball team he
coached was q championship team.
4 i X
nEPREsENTATIv GEORGE p.
N CoDD Of Michigan was captain
and pitcher for the Ann Arbor team in
1891 and 1852. Representative Froth-
ingham. who played against him, testi-
fles that he was an extraordinarily good
pitcher.
Representative Albert w. Jeffries of
Nebraska, while attending the Uni
veraty Of Michigan, played on the base
BAH and foot ball teams. He played
firse base In 1892 and 1898. In 1891 and
1899 he played center and guard on the
foot ball team. In 1892, having cleaned
up things pretty well out west, the base
ball team came east and had go at the
biz universities. They beat Yale with
Codd pitching and lost to Harvard, cap
tanned by Louis A. Frothingham.
These old has beens" enjoy playing
these games all over again in ths
cloak rooms and Hobbies Of the House
Evening star., 1922-01-01

julius Caesar had to add eighty-f1ve
days to the year As B. c. in order to
bring the commencement of spring
back to the vernal equinox.
Sixteen hundred years later Pope
Gregory XIII. had to turn the clock
back again. This time. the equinox