davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
Limit on Bonds
MAYOR DERIVES MAN
OF AUTOMOBILE USE
BIZ Times Snecin

By Times Special
NEW ALBANY. Ind, Dec. ID
William Carpenter, who pleaded
guilty to a charge OF intoxication and
driving an automobile while under the
influence Of liquor. was deprived OF
the use Of his automobile for sixty
days and fined s25 and costs by Mayor
Robert W. Norris in city court. The
mayor says he will continue this pen
atty until law violations of a CinliIar
nature are stopped in this city.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
IDENTIFIED AS LOCAL BOY

By Times Special
, SULLIVAN, Ind. Dec. 13.-The
youth killed near Swift City last week
by a Pennsylvania freight train. was
identified today as John Myers Of In
dianapolis, half brother to E. c. Myers
Of 1502h Belmont Ave. The remains
were sent to Indianapolis for burial.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
COUPLE HELD AT FIT. WAYNE

By United Press
FIT. WAYNE, Ind, Dec. 13.-Miss
Gladys Cooper. 16. of Lima, Ohio. was
held in the detention home and Joseph
Snyder. %. a married man, was
locked up in city Jail here pending
arrival of Lima officials. Snyder is
charged with child desertion.
When the young woman was arrest
ed she denied all knowledge of Sny-
der. However. after a time she broke
her story and told police where they
could find him.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
BABY DOCTOR DIES
FROM BLOOD POISON
By United Prsss

By United Press
NEWARK, N. J., Dec. 13.-Scores
of children will mourn at the funeral
Of DR.. Royal NJ. Whitnack. the ''baby's
DOCTOR" who died from blood poison
ing caught from one of his tiny pa
ticnts. DR.. Whitnack brought $4,000
babies into the world. AS he lay dy-
ing from the infection special services
were held in many Newark churches.
at which children prayed for him.
Fourteen operations failed to save his
life.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
GAS STATIONS APPROVED

The city planning commission has
approved the location of five gasoline
and oil filing stations as follows:
Belmont Ave and W. Michigan St;
Randolph and E Michigan SITS, Tibbs
Ave. and w. Michigan ST.; Shelby
and Payne SITS, and South and
Delaware SITS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
HoOSier Briefs

LEESBURG-"Sir Thomas" a
black cat belonging to A. R. Thomas.
local butcher. is claimed by its owner
TO be the largest housecat in the State
The feline tips the scales at seventeen
snd one-half pounds. and has the repu-
tation Of having fought and defeated
many dogs and cats in the township
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
Cops Sw1bathiSe With Poor Burglars
Who Must Ply Trade in Bitter Cold

around an automobile and the
driver gets the full benefit Of it,"
Too Busy TO Freeze -
"a good policeman doesn't get
cold. and anyway. the breeze
wasn't as stif last night as the
night before" said James w.
Frank.
The very nature Of John Pier
sons beat kept him warm.
II call the operator every forty
minutes, and by the time l got
from one box to another I didn't
have time to get cold" he said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
ENGINEERS MEET

Smoke and Its Prevention" will
be the subject of an address by
George T. Gilbert at a public meet
ing of the National Association of Sta
tionary Engineers Thursday at p.
m. in the Hume ansur Building
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
KILLED BY AUTOMOBILE
By Times Special

By IfHltS NDtctuT
MUNCIE, Ind. Dec. 13.-G. w
Summers. As. died at a local hospital
shortly after having been struck by
an automobile, the driver of which
has not been identified. He died from
internal hemorrhages. He is survived
by a son. Roscoe, OF Portland. and
a daughter, Waneta, of Indianapolis
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
MAN WANTED FOR BIGAMY

Governor McCray today issued
requisition upon Governor Small of
Illinois for the extradition of Charles
H.. Pike, held in Chicago on a war
rant from Gary charging him with
bigamy.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
FAST TRAIN KILLS MAN

By Times Special
HAMMOND, Ind, Dec. 13.-Joe
Viva, 40, an employee Of the Steel and
Tube Works of East Chicago. tried to
Cross the New York Central tracks
in front Of a fast train here and was
killed, witnesses said.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
AUTOMOBILE ROBBED

Grover Hudelston. IS S. Addison
Ave. parked his automobile in front
OF his home last night. A thief stole
a tire and rim from the car.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
EAST AND CENTRAL
STATES SILVER IN COLD

BIZ United Press
Coolest weather OF the winter
gripped the eastern and central States
today.
The worst Of the cold snap is over
in States west OF Indiana, it was fore
cast. Warmer weather was creeping
up out Of the Southwest.
Fuel supplies we're adequate in most
localities. New York. where the
threatened coal famine has been most
menacing. was burning mixed anthra-
cite and soft coal; and no actual suf-
fering was reported.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
the office of a livery stable.

the Office OF Il livery ataDi0-
Irvington Breezy
The policemen took the cold
weather good naturedly, however.
1T wasn't so bad whore I was
working" said f. L. Hanley, who
has a downtown district.
"Oh, boy" exclaimed James F.
Wilson. II was in Irvington in
a fiivver. It's large district and
I had to, get out every twenty
minutes TO report. Our in Irving
ton the wind blows in. under and
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
GIRL Is ASPHYxIATED

BV Times Special
SOUTH BEND, Ind, Dec. 10
Miss Mary Koeindorfer, IT, was found
lead on the floor of the bathroom Of
.,3er home. Fumes from a water heat
<z-are said to have caused her death.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
AUTOMOBILE GONE

A thief stole an automobile owned
by Mrs. Anna Morris. 513 w. Ray St,
last night. The car was parked at
Delaware and Washington SITS
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

SEYMOUR-A cub bear, property
Of DR.. D. L. Prall, broke its chain
here and is believed to be roaming
in nearby woods. Although the ami
NAL is said 10 be tame a posse of
townspeople has been formed to eff
feet It's capture.
BRAZIL-After a hold-up man had
fired a shot at c. z Jaenisch at the
Grant Coal Mining Company's office
here Miss Anna Novotney. clerk,
showed the man through an open
door and closed 1t, preventing the rob-
Der from securing the company pay
rel.
EVANSVILLE-Geo Miller, local
policeman, has found a new way to
get rid Of poor teeth. He sneezes
them out. He says the tooth had
been loose for some time, however.
NOBLESVILLE - Mrs. Amanda
Bremen led three men and two dogs
in a rat fight on the Daniel Bremen
farm near here, in which 100 of the
rodents were killed in one day. Her
companions said she ran only in pur.
suit OF rats.
CRAWFORDSVILL - James p.
Hughes. sitting as special judge in a
case being tried at Brazil, had to stop
the judicial machinery and order one
Of the jurorsS who had imbibed too
freely of "som% fluid mt 10 bed
Judge Hutchesoh, OF Clay Circuit
Court. has ordered an investigation.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
CHIEF URGES SLOW
DRIVING PAST SCHOOLS
Additional Traffic Officers Watch
Children at Three Corners.

Motorists were asked by Traffic
Captain Michael Glenn today to pay
more attention to the SLOW down
signs near school buildings.
He pointed out that it is impossible
to tell what a child will do. A traffic
man was stationed at FIT. Wayne Ave.
and Delaware st. today, in addition
to the regular patrolman who watches
the crossing before and after school
hours Other new stations for traffic
men were established at Sixteenth anG
Meridian SITS, and Alabama and
Maryland SITS.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

KANSAS CITY-Severs cold wealth
or creeping out OF the Southwest to-
day. Temperatures were slowly ris-
ing in Missouri, Kansas and Okla
homa after twenty four hours of near
zero weather.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
Poll of Assembly by Times Reveals General
Disposition to Cut Expenses Soldier
Bonus Referendum Favored
Cut expenses!


Nearly every member of the Legislature coming Indian
apos with this in the thing
to come before the Assembly.
The Times asked the members what they considered
important problem o be solved.
Seventy per of those who the educ-
ton expenses and of taxation the important problem
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

CHICAGO-The cold wave con
tinued to hold Chicago in its Strip to-
day. The lowest temperature was s
above zero. Weather predictions were
for slightly warmer and unsettled
weather Thursday.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

NEW YORK-New Yorks Their
mometers registered 81 degrees at 9
a. m. today, a drop of IS since a. m.
Monday. A sharp wind intensified the
cold Coal yards were swamped with
orders.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

Expenses must be cut and the burden
of taxation removed from the shout
ders of the people. they de-
clared. They insisted there must
be no new legislation that
will make taxes and governmental
expenses more Of a burden. The one
exception to this rule in the minds Of
many was the proposed soldier bonus.
Education Important
Second in the list of the most I'm
portant problems outlined by the legis-
lators themselves are education and
the reduction of the number Of gov
ernmental bureaus and departments
The latter proposal was linked in most
cases with a proposal TO cut expenses,
but other members said they believed
there is too much Capitalization OF
power In the State government. Those
who stressed education as the most i'm
portant subject failed in most cases
to indicate what changes would be ad-
vocated.
Other subjects considered by mem
bers to be Of paramount Importance
included the repeal or the amendment
of the primary law, the repeal OF the
absent voters law. the establishment
Of a tax Of gasoline. the adjustment
OF the public service commission, plac-
ing motor buses under the control Of
the public service commission. taking
public schools out OF the hands Of
township trustees, amendment OF the
motor vehicle license laws. laws regu-
lating public health. highway legisla-
ton and the soldier bOutIs
Proposals are New
Some Of these proposals come up at
every session. others are new. One
OF the principal contests in the last
session was over the repeal Of the
primary law. An effort also was made
10 abolish the public service commits
sion. Some of the other proposed
measures are new and some OF them.
it is indicated. will have considerable
support Notable among these Is the
proposed tax on gasoline. 1t is under
stood Governor AcCray will recon-
mend this tax in his message.
A majority of the assembly, IN
dicated by answers to the questions
asked, favors the passage OF a soldier
Lonus. This bill IS being backed by
the Veterans OF Foreign Wars and
other war veterans. Only a few legis
lators expressed themselves as op-
posed to a bonus. Most Of those who
favored the measure, however, were
haZy as TO how the money could be
raised and many of them said they
would be for such bill only if II pro-
vided the proposal should go to a
referendum.
Limit on Bonds
It was pointed out by many that
there is a constitutional limitation
which would make impossible the
issuance of bonds to raise the money
to pay the bonus. The Veterans OF
Foreign Wars estimate their measure
would cost the State 1,500, 900.
A few OF the legislators suggested
that the State levy a sales TAX TO
pay the bonus and one suggested that
wines and beers be made legal and
that they be taxed to pay the bonus.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

WARSAW-Mrs. Mabel A. KERN
has filed a petition asking an in
junction against her husband to
restrain him from speaking to her
pending the trial of a divorce suit.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

MUNCIE-Mrs Medic Moscar1, an
Italian, is the first woman to make
application in Delaware County for
naturalization papers under the law
which requires women to take the
same steps as men OF foreign birth
when they wish to become American
citizens.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

DETROIT-It was degrees above
zero here early today. A heavy snow
swept by high winds accompanied the
chill.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

UPLAND-A. Kurumada Of Japan.
who acted as interpreter for Presi-
dent Paul OF Taylor University upon
the occasion OF a recent tour OF the
Orient, is a student at the university.
RICHMOND-Walt c. Woodward
has been chosen editor OF the Ameri-
can Friend, official publication Of the
five.year meeting OF Friends.
EVANSVILLE - Detectives Luke
man and Trautwein met a fusillade Of
dishes when they entered a restau-
rant on n. Third st. to make an ar
rest The officers used a table as a
barricade.
MT. VERNON-Frank Smith, ami.
NAL trainer. is preparing four zebroids
raised by DR.. w. z. Hastings with
the intention of placing them In a
circus next season.
EVANSVILLE-Aft having con-
tracted for a new home for himself
and family to move into on Christmas
morning for which he paid hrs saw
ings OF thirty years, George Ershing
was crushed to death while inspecting
cars at the C. & E. I. Railroad yards,
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

COLUMBUS-A church census ia.
ken by pastors of Columbus churches
shows there is a Mormon church with
thirty-ive members which holds reg
ular services.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13

PETERSBURG-F Scotch
collie dog, years old, starved to
death in grief over the death of
his master, Joseph Hawkins.
The Indianapolis times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1922-1965, 1922-12-13
TO CURE a COLD IN ONE DAY

Take Laxative BROMO QUININE tablets
The box bears the signature of E. W. Grove
BE sure you get BRoMo0 3oc.-Adver-
tiseTnent.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
14S DESCENDANTS
MOURN HER DEATH

CHARLOTTESVILLE. Va. Jan. T.
The funeral of Mrs. Eliza DECKER
son. who died at the home of her
daughter Mrs. l.. H. Berry, near
EariysviIle. was held today from
the residence OF James Dickerson,
near Quinque. Greene County. Her
grandsons acted as pall-bearers and
her granddaughters as flower girls.
Mrs. Dickerson was the wife Of
James b. Dickerson. OF Greene Coun-
ty. who died five years ago.
She was mother OF nineteen chill
dren. fifteen OF whom survive. as fol-
lows: Mrs. James Lamb, of Me-
chums River: Mrs. James DECKER
son. of Burnleys; Mrs. George Ha-
ney. of Free Union: Mrs. James
Wood. Mrs. Luther Berry and Mrs.
Reuben Haney. of Earlysville: Mrs.
Eugene Berry, of Basic City; Mrs.
Miles Bennett. of Martinsville: Noah
and Eugene Dickerson. of Earlysville:
Sam Dickerson. of Free Union; John
and Charles Dickerson, Of Basic City.
Mrs. Dickerson also leaves 104
grandchildren and % great-grand-
children.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
BRANCH LIBRARY .
WILL BE ERECTED
FOR use OF 10000
Commission Receive s
Bids, But Awaits Action
Of Carnegie Corp.

A branch of the city library. To-
Gated at seventh and d streets
southeast. will be erected soon. ac-
cording to plans formulated by the
Library Building Commission at a
meeting in the District Building
yesterday.
Bids for construction 81 the pro-
posed building were opened. but
awards will not be made until a
reply is received from the Csrne-
gle Corporation relative 10 the sum
that organization will contribute
toward cost of construction.
The site 70 rthis library was pur.
chased by the District last spring
for $4,000.
Aid Pledged by Carnegie
The cts was promised an amount
for a building by Andrew Carne'
gle. before his death. which would
not be less than $4,000. Just how
much the Carnegie Corporation will
make available is not known.
Such building must care for
$4,000 whites and 5000 colored resi-
dents. and will cost between $4,000
and $4,000. IL is estimated. 1t will
need an equipment Of between
$4,000 and 10000 volumes and seat
ing room for at least 100 readers
A proposed building has been APP
proved by the Fine Arts Commits
sion and bids have been received
and opened with acceptance sub
ject to the funds made available
Lowest Bid by SAITH.
The lowest bid was made by Ar
thur J. Smith Company. and the next
lowest by Charles A. Langley. both
OF Washington.
The new building will be erected
under the supervision of the Library
Commission, consisting OF Coz
Charles Keller, Engineer Commits
sioner: George Bowerman. District
librarian; Charles J. Bell and Theo'
dore Noyes. Meeting with then
yesterday was Edward l.. Tilton, {
New York architect.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
STOLEN DIAMOND
QUICKLY RESTORED
Police Hold Two Negroes as
Mrs. William M. Bliss Iden-
titles 81, 500 Ring.

Police recovered a $500 diamond
ring yesterday morning and arrested
two negroes. one a butler. employed
at the house where the ring was
stolen before the owner. Mrs. Will
lam Metcalf Bliss, 2645 Connecticut
avenue northwest. knew of the
theft.
The ring was Identified last night
by Mrs Bliss as the one she had
left lying in a jewelry box on her
bureau. she was shocked to learn
that it had been stolen.
Police say Cecil Overton. IS years
old. employed at the home. confessed
to taking the ring. OvertOn turned
the ring over TO Bernard Short. 20
years old. 1888 Twelfth street north
west. the police say. Short was ar
rested by Headquarters Detectives
Walsh. King. Scrivener and Kelley
as he attempted to sell the ring for
sl0O at a Sinth street second hand
store. When grilled at headquar-
tiers, Short told lis story. implicat-
ing Overton.
Both negroes are confined to the
First precinct station. They will be
charged. the police say. with grand
larceny.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
ROTARY CLUB WILL HONOR
LADIES AT ANNUAL BANQUET
Every Member Expected to Bring Wife to
Yearly Affair at Willard.

the club a series a.: motion p!r;sTeT
John Poole. former president. de-
livered a speech to the following
new members. John Shoemaker.
Frank y. Grigg. W. H. Bradbury.
DR.. James Il. Stewart. and DR..
Frank w. Ballou. superintendent OF
schools.
Birthday Greetings Extended.
Birthday anniversary greetings
were extended to William +. Guide.
John NewboId and J. 4. Oliver.
Ninety-one per cent attendance is
the record of the club for Deem
her.
Visiting Eotarians and guests
were y. \. Olsen. Kankakee, Ill
r. r. Johnston. Charlottesville, Inn. /:
Leroy Moomaw. Dickinson. y. Oak.
Glen l.. Parker. Tacoma. Wash.
A. f. Foster. jr.. Brooklyn. y. ":
James J. Hogan. Vallejo, Cal: Will
bur w. Chambers, Albany. y. Y:
Frank W. Dryden. Baltimore. Nd.
Henry L. Goerlick. Camden, y. j.
Russell Taggert London. Can; J.
NJ. {. Smith. Charlotte. Mich; w.
n. harrington. Fairmont. W. Va.
e. L. Spellman, Beatrice, Nebr.;
John II. Dawson. jr.. Shreveport,
La. George r. Lindsay. Miami. Fla,
and James ketcham, Hastings.
Mich.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
HENRY To BEGIN
6-YEAR SENTENCE
Clubman in Embezzlement
Case Fails to Win Glenn
ency of President.

John William Henry. prominent
Washington clubman and financier
and member Of the now bankrupt
brokerage firm of Lewis johnson
Company. OF Washington and New
York. will begin next week a six
year sentence in the penitentiary
on a charge of embezzling $4,000
worth Of stock certificates belong
ing to John Helmus, a patron of
the brokerage firm.
The mandate of the Appellate
Court reached the District Supreme
Court yesterday following the re-
fusal of the higher tribunal to
withhold the document and also the
refusal of President Harding to
grant the accused clemency.
Instead, of accepting a sentence
of year or less in jail upon con-
viction in 1917. Henry obtained a
new trial and was convicted. He
appealed and the Appellate Court
affirmed the conviction. He then
appealed to the United States Su-
preme Court to review the case.
hut that tribunal refused. The APP
pellate Court was then requested to
withhold its mandate while friends
appealed to the President.
Henry was a member of the Met
ropolitan Club and the Chevy Chase
Club He was indicted after the
failure of his firm on December II.
1917
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
MILK PRICE CUT
y IN NEW SCHEDULE

Following a revision of the price
schedules between the leading
diaries and producers supplying the
District. milk yesterday dropped ]
cent a quart and l cent a pint 1t is
understood that the new prices will
AFFECT the entire milk supply in the
District.
According to the new schedule,
milk which sold for 10 cents a quart
and cents pint will sell for II
cents quart and cents a pint.
MIX which sold for IA cents and s
cents dropped to 10 cents and
cents. Cream also came down l and
cents a pint. The wholesale re-
duction was approximately cents
gallon on milk.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05
STATUE CEREMONY
TO Be ELABORATE
President and Wife Among
Jeanne D'Arc Fete Guests
Tomorrow.

The ceremonies attending the I'M
yelling Of the Jeanne Dare statue,
given % the city of Washington by
the Society OF French Women in
New York. which will be held in
Meridian Hill Park tomorrow after
noon at 2:30 o'clock. the 5l0th anni-
versary of the "Liberator's" birth,
will be attended by President and
Mrs. Harding. members of the Dip
lomatic Corps, prominent govern
ment officials and delegations from
the Senate and House.
During the unwilling by Mrs.
Harding and Nine. Jusserand. wire
of the French Ambassador, a salute
of seventeen guns will be fired by
a battery of United States artillery
from Fort Myer.
Presentation of the statue. which
is a replica of the one erected in
front of the Rheims Cathedral. will
be made by Nine. Carlo Polifeme.
president of the Societe des Femmes
de France. New York. while adj
dresses Of acceptance will be deIIv-
cred by Secretary of War Weeks
and Mrs. George Minor, president
general of the Daughters of the
American Revolution. Addresses
also will be delivered by Lieut.. Col.
Clarence o. Sheriff.. superintendent
OF public buildings and grounds:
J. J. Jusserand, of
France; Rev. Pere Wucher. and Rev
Charles Wood. rector of the Church
of the Covenant. Music will be
provided by the United States Army
Band from the Washington Bar
racks.
The gift was rendered to the Com
missioner Of Fine Arts in May. 1915.
and resolutions for its erection on
public ground in this city were in
troduced in Congress by the late
Senator Gallinger and Representa-
tive Hubert, but during the period
Of the war the project was post
poned.
The Washington herald., 1922-01-05

Ladies will be guests of honor at
the annual banquet Of the Rotary
Club. which will he held i'll the
willard Hotel January 20, according
to an announcement by Frank H.
Shipe. director general of the ban
quet committees. at the weekly
luncheon of the club yesterday at
the willard.
The weekly luncheon. Ja1ua-y -.
will be dispensed with III fav'.r r
the banquet.
Makes Gift to Club.
Chairmcn OF the committees are:
King Cornwell. program; George
O'COnner. entertainments: George
Whitcwell. presents; William Rus
sell. decorations; william Guide,
fIcral: Il. T. Mckncw. invitations
Every RotArian is expected to bling
his wife or nearest feminine rcla-
tive.
Rotsria1 Henry F. StrinGar man
ager Of the Hydraulic Press Brick
Company, Washington, presented l.