davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

was the instrument of the Northern idea.
Later came the slavery question,
which stirred the South TO the point OF
putting the Hayne-Calhoun contention
to the test. That question, the right of
secession. was settled by the civil war
that question and the slavery question.
With these two issues passed on to
history only free trade, the original
issue, survived the war as the big divid-
ing issue between the two parties. And
now that question has been settled, in
point OF fact, through the South itself
becoming-o one of the greatest industrial
camps in the Union--an Industrial camp
destined to become bigger than the
North. vastly bigger. for the reason that
II has the raw materials at its door,
has lower living costs and is nearer to
the centers of consumption.
In this situation the tariff has no
place in our politics. 1t is wholly a
business question. and should be so
treated. Standing out, however. as the
original issue between the two parties
it is still the lighting ground between
them and to the shame of the American
people. who permit these two old parties
TO keep this great economic question
under the sordid heel of politics.
For a considerable time after the
civil war one other or the preWar is
sues between the two parties continued
as a stalking horse. That was State
rights Considered literally, and in it's
original meaning. II was a dead issue ;
but It gradually came to mean the
relative balancing of the powers of the
States with the national Government
That issue no longer functions for In
the eight years of the recent Demo-
cratic Administration the national Gov
eminent took on greater powers in re-
lation to the States than 1t had ever
done in all our history.
America is in Il transition stage to-
day. The whole world is in transition
stage to-day America has cut loose
from the conservatism of our fathers
and penetrated deep into the wilderness
of radicalism. This is true In our poll
tics, in our statesmanship. in our social
life, in our business life, in our point of
view in all things.
The change from a century ago has
been insidious, revolutionary. The
amassing of great fortunes. general
prosperity, organized labor. the spirit
of unrest, the spirit of Bolshevism. the
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

there would no longer be occasion In
Congress and our State Legislatures for
jockeying for issu es.
have said that the very great issues
which separated the Democratic and
Republican parties have passed into
history. Let us go back and check UP
the facts. The original issue between
the Democratic party and the old Whie
party, the predecessor of the present
Republican party, in the early days of
the Republic, was the tariff.
Almost at the outset of the Republic
friction began to develop between the
North and the South over this question.
The South. with it's abundant crops OF
cotton. corn, and tobacco, and with no
manufacturing. stood out for free trade.
1t could live and prosper on the products
of its soil. 1t had no infant industries
to protect. and. as the South reasoned
why should it be taxed through the
mechanism of a tariff to protect til,
infant industries of the North?
The North. on the other hand, without
the sunshine and the fertile soil OF the
South. could not live on the products OF
It's own hard. rocky acres. With the
North IL was a question of Industrial
development or no development at AN.
It's small factories could not compete
with the established factories of Eng
land without tariff that would level
up the costs of production abroad with
the costs of production at home.
And so the issue was clearly and
sharply drawn between the two sections.
with their wholly different interests. AS
time went on. the feeling over this issue
became so tense that John c. Calhoun
and Robert Hayne. Senators>from South
Carolina, came out vigorously for the
separation of the South from the Union.
This action created storm that shook
the young Republic to its very depths.
A long and bitter fight followed. but
under the leadership of Daniel Webster.
Senator from Massachusetts,. the battle
was won for the maintenance of the
Union The tariff sore. however, re-
NAMED unhealed.
And the contention of Hayne and Call
houn that the States had right to
secede from the Union still gripped the
people of the South. and had some fol-
lowing in the North. Tho Democratic
party was the instrument of the South
ern idea; the old Whig party. the pred
ecessor Of the present Republican party,
The New York herald., 1922-10-05

srective communities means more than
being a good banker. means more than
earning dividends for your stockholders.
1t means citizenship responsibility,
means citizenship service to your re-
spective communities. means citizenship
service to your country.
The living of a life rs serious busi-
ness. The life that absorbs from the
world. gets everything II can out OF the
world, and gives back nothing to the
worlc is no, worth while 1t is a fiat
waste OF human force
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
HOWELL SAFELY AHEAD
IN NEBRASKA PRIMARY
Holding His Lead OUer JEFF
fries in Late Returns.

OMAHA, July 19.-Late last night. as
returns from yesterdays Statewide pri-
maries came in, Dan b. Butler of Omaha
assumed a rather commanding lead In
the contest for the Democratic nomina-
ton for Governor. particularly after
the Douglas county (Omaha) precincts
had reported. Throughout to-day. how
ever, as returns drifted in from outside
precincts, c. w. Bryan of Lincoln began
to cut down Buffers margin.
The margin which separated Charles
II. Randall of Randolph and Adam Nc
Mullen OF Beatrice for the Republican
Gubernatorial nomination was smaller,
1.226 precincts giving Randall 1896
and McMullen 1881.
r. 3. Howell of Omaha. Progressive
Republican and national committeeman,
held the lead by which he was nomi-
mated for United States Senator over
Representative Albert w. Jefferis, also
Of Omaha. With 1.254 precincts re-
ported. the figures showed: Howell, 2s,-
651 (; Jefferis, 20,35s; Attorney General
Davis. 1884; c. II. Gustafson, 12815.
Late returns served to increase the
overwhelming plurality by which Sena-
tor @. M. Hitchcock won the Demo-
cratic Senatorial nomination.
Late Congressional returns showed
that Walter L. Anderson was nominated
In the First district on the Republican
ticket.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
MANDATE PROBLEM
DEADLOCKS LEAGUE
Continued from First Page.

private negotiations with the United
States. This includes the so called A
and b types of mandates which affect
in addition to Palestine, Tanganyika
PARTS of Togoland and the Cameroons
and also the. French draft of the Syrian
mandate. The Belgian draft of the East
Africa mandate is expected soon.
The new drafts recognize Americas s
right to participate in the fruits OF
victory won in common" and prohibit
general monopolies, but it is reported
that the notifications to satisfy the
United States are arousing the anxieties
Of other nations. The Council, however.
hopes to reach happy agreement at
this session.
The Council refused to become in
volved In the new troubles between Bull
garia and Rumania and Jugo-Slavia as
the result Of charges of border raids by
Bulgarian bands. A resolution was
adopted expressing the hope that as the
result of direct negotiations satisfac-
tory settlement may be reached Of a
situation which may become dangerous
to peace" 1t requested the Govern
ments to inform the Council of the prog
ress that had been made at Its next
meeting, when the Council will take up
the question of whether Intervention will
later be required.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
IRISH INSURGENTS KILL
ONE IN FUNERAL PARTY
Capture Eight Prisoners IN
Ambush Near CalUoy.

DUBLIN, July 1s.-An automobile fu-
neral party OF Free staters. which was
taking the body of a volunteer killed In
County Galway to 1piddal for burial,
was ambushed to-day near Athenry by
Republican Insurgents. who appeared
from both sides of the road. Com
mandant Rooney was killed and eight
Free State soldiers were taken prisoner.
Commandant Rooney's body was
placed beside the coffin Of the dead
volunteer and was sent on to Galway,
where the sight of the dead commandant
alongside the coffin Mortified the great
crowd which quickly surrounded the car.
As soon as the first shots were fired
by the ambushing party the driver OF
the motor hearse speeded up, followed by
the car with the parents Of the dead
man. The cars raced along for mile
hut finding no one pursuing they re-
turned to the scene of the ambush and
picked up the body of the dead officer
proceeding then to Galway.
When news of the ambush reached
National army headquarters in Galway
eight lorry loads of troops were sent
out in pursuit of the ambushjng detach-
1nent. The troops are reported to have
come into conflict with the irregulars
but the result is not known.
Reports from Galway state that the
action of the ambushcrs in attacking
the funeral party SO. incensed many
other of the irregulars that the leaders
OF the Tuam Brigade in Galway resigned
their commands. while thirty-five of the
rank and file also rendered their resig-
nations. 1t is believed their action, add
fhe advices, will have a similar effect
In other places.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
POGROMS AND REVOLTS
FEARED IN RUSSIA
Special Gable to THE NEw YonK HnRALp.
Copyright, 1923, by THE New YORK HERALD
New York Herald Bureau,

Special Gable to THE NEw YonK HnRALp.
Copyright, 1879, by THE New York HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau,
4 Paris, July 10.
The failure Of the Hague conference
is certain to result in the outbreak of
instructions and pogroms in Russia.
Such is the burden of confidential re-
ports reaching French official circles.
During the last fortnight three revo!ts
in garrisons In central Russia were sup
pressed with difficulty by the promise
OF increased pay and new issues Of
clothing, although the Red army's stocks
are reduced and there is little hope that
they will be replenished. Even the off,
GERS are discontented, as some garrisons
have not been paid since April, but the
compliments are told to help themselves
to whatever valuables they can find in
the churches and in the homes Of the
bourgeosie.
There Is every evidence that anti
Semitism is on the increase In central
Russia, civilians and soldiers alike blam-
ing the Jewish radicals in the councils
Of the Soviet Government everywhere
for causing Russia's downfall. 1t re-
quires only capable leaders to institute
a successful revolt. Lacking these, pog-
roms are imminent and already there
have been a number Of mysterious dis
appearances Of prominent Jews who
were known to have supported the Mos
COW regime.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20

sented here and, If necessary. another
committee of non-Russian experts may
examine It, though separate agreements
with the Soviet Government thus are
rendered possible.
The allied experts believe the con-
ference has been most successful, first.
in getting the Soviet delegation to take
q step which may lead to Russia's Off
cial acknowledgment of all her debts
second, In the acceptance of the princi-
pie of compensation, and. third, In the
possible ultimate recognition of Soviet
Russia by the Powers. followed by re-
construction.
The Soviet delegates are silent. but
they are puzzled and bitterly disap-
pointed over the abrupt. mysterious and
entirely unexpected failure of their
maneuver, which was designed solely to
keep the conference alive.
Sudden Ending Is Shock.
The sudden termination of the confer
ence leaves everybody bewildered. as
though thunderstruck, but the allied dip
lomatists insist that 1t Is the most nat
ural. most grace full and most satisfac-
tory solution for all concerned. The Boil
sheviki are too stunned to speak Off
cially, but they cannot see what they
got In exchange for their promise of the
fullest concessions and surrender OF their
principles. To them it is'like drama
without the last act
The non-Russians have not even un-
dertaken to communicate the Soviet pro-
posal to their respective Governments,
and the Bolsheviki are not sure they
will make any communication at all to
Moscow Of the nature promised by Lit
vinoff to-day. Moscow's answer was to
be given to the conference as such, but
the conference dies tomorrow, too soon
to hear what Moscow has to say.
The Bolsheviki understood that this
conference was to be continuation of
the Genoa meeting, with the object of
reaching an agreement between Europe
and Russia but 1t ends without such an
Litvinoff is inclined to feel that he has
been swindled, and may issue public
statement tomorrow. Meanwhile he is
making no preparation to leave The
Hague, as he had expected to remain
here at least fortnight.
Nevertheless, the Soviet delegates are
glad that the conference Is breaking up
without an undertaking to arrive at no
separate agreements with Soviet Russia.
Hence. If Bolshevist diplomacy is suf-
ficiently adroit the way is open for in
dividual understandings with all nations.
and especially with groups of capital
lists. like the Shell oil interests and the
Russo-Asiatic,, Limited. headed by Les
lie Urouhart. This consideration may
suffice to induce the Bolsheviki to bide
their time In silence.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
FREE SKATERS PUSH
SIEGE OF LIMERICK
Isolate Strand Barracks and
King Johns Castle Across
the Shannon.
TOWN is PUT ON RATIONS
Cork Awaits Attack With
Roads Trenched and Mined
by Rebels.

Special Cable to THE NEW YoRK HERALD
Copyright, 1879, By THE New York HERALD.
New York Herald puren,i..l
Dublin, July ~.
The Strand barracks in Limerick City,
occupied by strong garrison of irreg-
ulars. has been isolated by the Free
State troops and is expected to fall soon.
King Johns castle a stronghold across
the River Shannon from the main streets
of the city, also Is in the hands OF the
irregulars. 1t too has been surrounded,
but owing to its heavy fortifcations and
ample supplies capture is expected to
take longer.
Free State troops operating under the
command of Gen. Brennan are busy
making prisoners of snipers and gradu-
ally are seizing rebel outposts. forcing
the irregulars into districts where they
can be handled separately. Armored
cars and cage lorries equipped with ma
chine guns are harassing the irregulars
in all parts of Limerick. The food sup
ply is running short. but Gen. Brennan
has organized a rationing system for
the city. Army airplanes have been re-
penishing the stores of yeast, so that
special kitchens WHICH have been put
into operation may supply free bread.
The political situation in Dublin IL
still stagnapt. with everything waiting
for the meeting of the new Dali Eireann.
DUBLIN, July 10 (Associated Press) -
Most of the roads leading into Cork
have been trenched and mined by the
irregular army forces. Inside the city
their defensive preparations for the
coming of the regular army include the
smashing of the walls Of houses for use
as machine gun bastions, the heavy bar
ricading OF the streets and the occu-
patton of all strategically situated build
ings.
The official report issued ~ the week
end which referred to -four days Of fight
ing, is the last trustworthy news con-
cerning Limerick, and there is con-
condition of things -
Evidence that ruthlessness Is a part
of the policy of the irregulars seemingly
Is shown by documents found on a pris-
oner taken at Kilkenny signed by the
officer in command of the Kilkenny Bril-
gade. They call for the demolition of
barracks and the- destruction OF roads,
railways and telegraph lines.
BELFAST, July 1s.--The TelegrdpRs
Mullingar correspondent. reports the de-
struction of the Port Muna Bridge, In
Galway. The structure was one OF the
most important in that neighborhood and
cost $1,000 The suspension bridge at
Banagher was fired by the Republicans.
1t is the main railroad bridge between
Kings County and Galway.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
REDS CONSULT WALSH
ON FAMINE BOND ISSUE
American Flies From Berlin to
MoscoU on Mission.

Special Cable to THE NEw YoRK HERALD.
Copyright, 1879. by THE NEW York HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau,
Berlin, july. 10.
Frank p. Walsh Is flying from Berlin
to Moscow to-day at the invitation of
the Soviet Government to study the
possibility OF floating a Soviet bond
issue for international famine relief.
Paxon Hibben, representing the
Friends of Soviet Russia, wanted to
depart at the same time, but the EN-
hassy raised obstacles.
Mr.. Walsh will. attend the Interna-
tional Workers Famine Aid conference.
The Soviet Government intends to float
large bond issue OF three to five
years duration. The shares are to be in
small denominations of IS and sf0 the
money raised to be used for Russian
famine relief. AS security the Govern
ment intends to offer concessions con-
aisting principally of farm lands, which
the delegates of the bond investors will
be allowed TO superintend
The money raised Is intended to be
used primarily for the purchase Of
farm machinery, seed and grain.
Walsh was. delegated by twelve Ameri-
can trade unions which he represents
10 Investigate the matter. The Soviet
Government engaged Walsh to advise
In the issuing of the bonds and to study
the situation generally so as TO give his
oymion as to the kind of concessions
that would appeal most TO foreign labor
investors. Walsh intends to stay two
months.
NJ. Eyduk, representing the Soviet
Government here. said that propaganda
for this bond sale had already begun In
-
lean unions are we'll disposed toward
the idea and denies that the Soviet
GoveFnment intends 10 use the relief
prgAxbxAtton for Bolshexist prouneanda.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
Continued from First Page.

most important is the liberal con-
servative element"
With this unit Republicans, who
are not in sympathy with the "regu-
lars" link up the names of Gov.
Miller Of New York, former Senator
Kenyon OF Iowa. Senator Hiram John
son of California, Senator Borah Of
Idaho and Albert ]. Beveridge Of
Indiana.
The third or radical group looks
for leadership and hferenually a
candidate to the wing dominated by
Senators La Toilette, Norris of Neb-
raska, Ladd and Mr.. Frazier OF North
Dakota. and more recently Mr.. Howell
of Nebraska.
Dftching the Machine.
The majority of leaders in the party.
activities of insurgents promoting po-
tentiai alignments and individual am
bitions as mere remote gestures. They
do not even concede the possibility Of
Mr.. Harding being denied renomina-
ton by his party IL he desires one.
At the same time they are somewhat
amazed over the activities of the re-
bellious element
What disturbs them most is that al
most every prophecy made by the
regular leaders regarding primary re-
suits held to date have been wrong.
With the party machine apparently
under complete control Republican
voters in Indiana. Pennsylvania, Iowa,
Ay.I~ efrn
have figuratively taken the bit in their
teeth and dumped the machine in the
ditch. The moral Of the tale told by
the Republican voters In these States
is that the machine cannot deliver the
goods
1t is upon this theory that the
friends of some Of the men who are
credited with perfectly natural am
bition to succeed Mr.. Harding are pro-
ceeding to exploit potentialities. Gov.
Miller of New York has unmistak-
ably loomed above the majority Of the
men with whose names the insurgent
element in the party have been specu-
lating. The New York Governor is
very highly thought Of by the Republi-
can leaders, The record made by him
at Albany, his courage and decision in
meeting perplexing situations and his
attractiveness as a campaigner have
made strong appeal to party leaders
generally.
The friends and admirers of the
Governor in Washington have been
very much gratified at the attention,
he has attracted, but they assert there
is no justification for the apprehension
of Administration leaders that he will
become an active candidate against
Mr.. Harding
There is less certainty, however, re-
garding the ambitions of some of the
other men,, notably Hiram Johnson
and Albert J. Beveridge, and possibly
former Senator Kenyon. IL the wave OF
popular insurgency against both the
Democratic and Republican parties
shall continue. ~
The Nebraska Results.
That this wave has not by any
means spent its force is established by
the results Of the Nebraska primaries.
according to the Republican leaders
In the three groups named above. Mi.
Howell. the nominee for the Senate
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
Chinese Mine Explosion
Shakes u. S. Destroyer

@ANTON, China. July 10 CAS-
ISOLATED Press).--A floating
mine, evidently intended to
blow up the Chinese cruiser Wing
flung. on which Sun Yat-sen, de-
posed President OF South China, Is
making his headquarters, exploded
in the harpor to-day within fifty
feet of the United States destroyer
Tracy. The Tracy was shaken. but
is said to be undamaged.
The mine. which is believed to
have been dropped from passing
sampan. went off prematurely 200
feet from the Wingfung.
The New York herald., 1922-07-20
Economic cr,.l. Renewed.

Economic Crisis NeneWed.
Special Cable to THE NEW YoRK HERALp.
Copyright. 1873, By THE New YoRK HnRALD.
New York Herald Bureau.(
For the moment Germany seems to
have been saved from a political crisis,
but not from an economic one. After
the passage Of the Defense Of the Re-
public bill, designed to scotch all mon
archist plots in future, the Reichstag
adjourned last night, leaving the Cabf-
ret free to continue negotiations with
the Allies, now rapidly headed toward
another climax.
No demand for the reconstruction Of
the Cabinet will be made by the workers
urtil after the summer recess. when IT
will be seen whether the Cabinet shall
have steered successfully between the
Scylla Of continued initiation. with all
1t perils, and the Charybdis of repara-
ticns.
The mark is on the toboggan slide in
response to the pessimism created here
by reports from Paris on the French at
titude. This again makes everything
shaAy. No manipulation seems to be at
the bottom of $his, the dangerous fea-
ture of which consists in the fact that
the banks, after recent efforts to check
the marks fall by the sale Of foreign
securities, are rapidly nearing the limit
of their ability In that direction.
According to the best information the
DeutscKe Bank and others put upon the
market at the behest of the Government
at least 100000, 900 gold marks worth
of foreign securities. In the recent
plunge all these are being seized by spec
ulators, who undoubtedly are reaping
vast profits. Moreover. the fall of the
mark means that another great shift
must occur In prices. with accentuation
of wage demands threatening on every
side. .sr aH-
The politicians In the Reichstag, how
ever. apparently are paying little at
tention to this economic vortex. the ma
jority being intent on the construction
of obstacles to the Monarchists. who as
we'll as the Communists would take ad-
vantage Of conditions, whatever they
may be, to overthrow the present Re-
publican administration. In this respect
the action OF the Reichstag stands out
as a convincing demonstration that at
present these elements have little hope
of success. But so drastic is the de-
fense bill in its suppressive measures
that many believe II will cause serious
trouble.