The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1922-04-25
MISSIONARY IS
HOME At TER AZ
YEARS IN EAST
James Hawkes., Visiting
in Caldwell With Rela-
tives, Tells of Work in
Persia.

1"AiSo iio"hCo, iol " years d HIS
sionary in Persia, is visiting this week
at the home of his cousin in Caldwell,
the Rev. w. S. Hawkes.. From those
years of work in the Near East. Mr..
Hawkes. has fund of experience
and information Of land strange to
most Americans.
During the entire time of his resi-
dence in the Near East, Mr.. Hawkes.
was stationed at Mammalian, the old
summer capital of Xerxes. Today the
city has population of $4,000 per-
sons or Whereabouts since census is
unknown in Persia Not a trace of
the ancient city remains except I
stone lion and an inscription on the
mountain side above the city. This
Inscription is in the old arrow head
writing.
Asked why there were no other
evidences of the olden city, Mr..
Hawkes. explained that Nhe houses
are built of adobe and that in all like
lihood the old city was constructed OF
the same material Since that time
it has decayed and gone back to earth.
Several summers ago French expe-
dition did considerable work excavat-
ing and searching for remains OF the
ancient city without result. Not even
trace can be found OF the palace
which is supposed to have been sit
waited on hillside near the modern
city.
Mammalian is on the road to Bagdad
and is about 200 miles distant from
Teheren, the capital of Persia. It is
an agricultural city and also an i'm
portant distributing point for other
towns in that territory. Leather tan
ming and the manufacture of leath-
err goods is the chief industry.
During the war the city experienced
not less than four distinct occupa-
lions, according to Mr.. Hawkes.. Ger
mans were first to take it over but
lacking troops, Persian forces were
stationed there. These were soon div
en- south into Mespotamia by force
| Of about $4,000 Russians who follow
ed them into lower districts. Summer
and the fact that the Russian troops
were not equipped to withstand the
intense heat compelled retrea,
northward.
Turks followed the Russians into
the city and for eight months, Mama
dan was completely shut off from
communication with the outside
world. The Turks left and Russians
lagain took over the city. When Rus
STA went to pieces, the troops were
withdrawn and shortly after the city
was occupied by British force which
was stationed there for two years
leaving about year ago this spring.
Mr.. Hawkes. is a representative OF
the Presbyterian church. In Mama
dan, this church maintains a hospital
and dispensary, two churches. one
each in the Armenian and Jewish
quarters and schools for boys and
girls. AT present there are about II
missionaries in this city. all of them
being men with families and form
ing quite a colony.
The city population is made up
largely of Turks although there are
peoples of many Municipalities in this
strange city.
Mr., Hawkes. has not given up his
work in the Near East He is simply
here on an extended vacation and
expects to return to Persia about Sep
TENDER l.
Mr.. Hawkes. reached Caldwell las,
Thursday evening and will spend a
few more days in Caldwell He is a
native of Indiana, Princeton grad,
uate and while attending college there
spent several vacations in Massachu.
sets with relatives among whom was
the Rev. w. S. Hawkes. at that time
active in New England ministerial
journalistic work.