New-York tribune., 1922-06-20

That INC cight-NoNf unB ""' F'"'
,icaUy disappeared in Russia fhdt
"uou,hs and cucn children work
from tweiro 10 fourteen hours,
fhat poperfm trusts are multi
plyinq and that the Souict dietd-
tors are reducing the workers TO
n state Of miserable heipiossness
arc some Of the officially supporfed
criticisms icrclcd against Bol-
sherist ruie By Alexander Berk-
man. the anarchist, cho wos de-
ported to Russia By the United
States government Nth Emma
Goldman and others. These
statements are made in the first
Of two articles from BerkmGn's
pen. published in "The NeV York
Call"
Russia has definitely entered the
era Of intensive capitalism" Berkman
declares. "The deliberate tendency Is
toward lafge-scale industry. with oil
that IL signifies in labor exploitation,
cormercialism and world markets. The
race for superiority and ultimate con-
troll between state and private capital
ism involves the everest struggle for
cneaper labor. greater output and sys-
+omatic processes free from interier-
erco. especially from labor disturb
ances The means toward this great
desideratum are classification, on the
one hand, and the complete subJection
Of labor. on tho other
let us see what has already been
accomplished in that regard witnin
the few months since the new eco
nomic policy went into effect.
"The Moscow Official 'Economiches-
kaya Zhisn.' of February 25, publishes
the report Of the Commissariat OF
Public Economy. II contains tho fol
lowing data:
Trusts Now Numbr 60
"six months ago there existed in
Russia only two trusts. Now there
arc sixty. Nine hundred and eighty-nino
industrial establishments have been
.rustifcd, employing the total OF 5ol.-
600 workers. The electrical industry
has been organized into a trust, with
2 wage list of l0.820 employees. The
textile industry comprises - trusts
ir which are employed 81 per cent
OF tho textile workers. The glass trust
combines ~ per cent o. 'he estapllsh-
ments Of that industry. with - per
cont NJ its workcrs. The paper trust
embraces s. per cent OF the industry.
with "a per cent OF the workers. The
chemical trust. 10 per cent OF the m
dustrv. with 80 Dor cent of the WORK
ors The coal trust, p per cent of me
irduslrv. with 6 per cent Of the miners.
and so forth.
"Ai In an. within less than six
months. onc-thiri of al the industries
of the country has been tru5thed.
with two-thirGs of the workers Of those
industries in the employ Of The trusts.
The balance of the industrial. trade
and other economic establishments
except the co-oreTatives' are. 20 far
.s thcv function, In the hands of private
canifalirtg. These. in their turn, are
following tho policy OF ever larger
coordination.
Eight-HoDr Day Disappears
IN tFf INff NA WIS NN"N~"N 't"l -
s.atc-capifalism and private owncrship
r. industry and business. what Is the
condition of the Russian pr0letariat1
This point is best illumined BY the
results Of the investigation recently
conducted By tho socio-political depart
rnent OF the Moscow Soviet OF Trade
Unions. The official data present the
following picture:
"Thc legal cight-hour workday has
been practically abolished, though II
still remains on the Soviet statute
books as the law Of the land. Out Of
the COS industrial and trade establish
mcnts Investigated in Moscow. The
e.ght-hour day is operative in only
eiqhty-six. In the majority of shopa.
factories, stores. etc, tie workday rs
nine hours: in forty-four places the
workers were found % work ten and
Twelve hours; in eleven establish
mcnts. from fourteen to sixteen hours;
I'm forty-fve concerns there were no
stated hours. the workday being prac-
ticallv unlimited. In almost all the