davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

strive to keep up with the business
created by more than a million share
days on the New York stock exchange
and correspondingly increased business
in other markets. Many firms have
engaged extra help in order to facili-
tate the handling of the vast army of
orders that come pouring over their
counters during the business hours.
The number Of separate issues ex-
changing hands yesterday 54s--estab
lished a new high record for a single
days business, the previous high rec
ord Of All issues being dealt in on
April g.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

port. / work in q tailor shop and that
line of work has been very slack this
year and | am home part of the time.
| do not like to take any chances,
so | consulted my friends, and one
lady said, Take Lydia Pinkham's
medicine, so | did. | have felt bet
ter right along and am in goodenough
health to go to work. / recommend
your Vegetable Compound and San
alive Wash to all. Mrs. MARY En-
RICO, 459 N. Carpenter St, Chicago.
Often the mother is obliged TO sup
port her children and good health is
necessary. Lydia Z. Pinkham's Veg
etable Compound is just the medi-
cine you can depend upon. 1t is a
medicine for women's ailments and
the relief it brought Mrs. Enrico it
may bring to you.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
Sorry She Missed It.

a young woman on being intro
duced to Sir Robert Bell, expressed hel
regret that she had missed his lecture
the evening before.
20, ! don't think il would have IN.
terested you.' said Sir Robert; 1T wa
all about sun spots
WAS il really" she replied. "Tllen
il would have greatly interested me.
fer between You and me. Sir Robert. ]
have been a martyr to freckles all nv
life. New Haven Register.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

1dli6&A SA5
One Of the most terrible of all hui
man ailments is exhausted nerve
force. 1t weakens all the vital organs
of the body and as a result all kinds
of alarming symptoms may appear.
Some people get nervous indigestion,
pains over the eyes, in the heart,
and across the small of the back in
others the first symptoms are mental
instead Of NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.,
worry over t%rifies, or inability to
concentrate on your work.
The nervous mother is upset by
her children, squabbles with her hus-
band, has frequent fits of the blues"
and bursts into tears I've the small
est troubles. In such cases 1t is
worse than useless to waste time TAX
ing stimulating medicines or lar
cotic drugs; the starving nerve cells
must have nerve food which Is sup
piled by the blood. Any physician
will tell you that IL the blood supply
were cut off from any nerve in your
body that the nerve would die.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
Didn't Know Cal.

Two girl canvassers for books called
at the fire station. One of them said
she came from Northampton.
EDO YOU know Cal. Coolidge ?" asked
one Of the firemen.
who's he ~ she asked, inn~ocently
sIs le a member Of your department II
Berkshire Eagle.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

If you have any Of the symptoms
of nerve force exhaustion, you
should at once take steps to enrich
your blood. This can be quickly and
most effectively accomplished by the
free use of Nuxated Iron, which not
only increases the activity of the
blood making organs, but feeds true
red blood food directly to the blood
itself and thereby helps to create
millions of new red blood. cells.
The discovery of organic iron as
contained in Nnxated Iron is one of
the most valuable red blood making
scientific discoveries since the crea-
ton of modern medical science, and
its effect in helping to create new
nerve force and revitalize worn-out,
exhausted nerve cells is sometimes
most amazing.
Try Nuxated Iron for two weeks
and If at the end of that time you
have not obtained all and even
greater benefits than you expect, the
manufacturers will promptly refund
your money.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
POLICEMAN
THREATENED
Riot Squad Had To Be
Called From Boston
Police Station
ARRESTED
r SUSPECTS
Crowd Tried To Take
Prisoners Away From
Him

Boston, April s .The riot squad
was called from the East Dedham
street police station last night after
Patrolman Cyril Montgomery had been
threatened by a crowd as he was
struggling with three prisoners.
The prisoners gave their names as
George Layton, Michael Parker and
Bernard Costello. They were held as
suspicious characters.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

Dates may be stuffed with many
things beside the usual nuts or candy;
here are a few of them; Peanut butter,
candied pineapple, candied ginger,
marshmallow and chopped nuts, cocoa
nut or cream filings. After stuifing,
roll each piece in confectioner's sugar
through which a little orange rind has
been rubbed.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

for q serious troll
BILE. / had tried
doctors and all
|said the samoan
operation. Atfrst
II only felt the
on my left
side. but later /
seemed to feel it
ion both sides. I
am a power sew
|i~ng-machine oper-
|ator and have q
|liftln GIRL IN u11n-
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18

When frying potato chips both time
and frying fat viii be saved if the
potatoes, after being cut, are steamed
for Is minutes.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
Topics Of the
Home and
Household.

Never apply varnish to straw mat
ting. II will cause it to crack under
constant wear.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
Works FOR CHILD
!. MUST keep Well
Mothers in a Like Situation
Should Read This Letter
from Mrs. Enrico

Chicago, Illinois. 81 took Lydia
e. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
ACHES AND PAINS
SLOAN'S GETS EN- !

n VOID the misery Of racking pain.
~ Have a bottle of Sloan's Lini-
ment handy and apply when
you first feel the ache or pain.
1t quickly eases the pain and sends
a feeling Of warmth through the
aching part. Hoan's Lfninaent peneiycscs
scithout rubbing.
Fine, too, for rheumatism, neuralgia,
sciatica, sprains and strains. stiff joints,
lame back and sore muscles.
For forty years pains enemy. Ask
your neighbor.
AT all druQcisfs-2Sc. Zoe. Hf 40
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1922-04-18
: Do Trifes Annoy and Upset You :
Do You Have Frequent Headaches -
: Do You Quarrel With Those YouLO
Do You Jump When the Door Slams O
'lIliiIIIIIIiT
5iIIIIIIIIlp'

Well Known Hospital Physician Says These Are Some of the
Danger Signals of Exhausted Nerve Force-What lie Do
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
DANCING

R. H. LEVY, Dancing Instructor, odd Fellows Hall, Norwich. Private lessons given daily. Phone 1e96-401. mysd
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
LEGAL NOTICES
NOTICE Republican Caucus

The Republican Voters of the City of Norwich are hereby wa ned to meet in caucus at the Town Hall iR said Norwich on FRIDAY EVENING, May 18th, at o'clock (standard tiIne), for the purpose of placing in nomination candidates for the following City offices Mayor. two AL dermen, five CouncilInen -four for the full term and one to fin the balance of the term of Councilman Frank Sisk, resign ed), City Treasurer. two City Sheriffs and a member of the Board of Water Commissioners.
 Also to do any other business proper to come before said meeting.
 By order of the Republican Town Com- mittee.
 HENRY II. PETTIs, Chairman.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11

THERE Is no advertising medium in Eastern Connecticut equal to The Bulis- tn for business results.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
A Bulletin For Sale
 Advertisement Will Sell IL
BANK STATEMENT

REPORT OF THE CONDITION or The Pawcatuck Bank and Tr-1rt Com paiIy at the close of business on me fff day of May. 1922
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
A Bulletin For Sale
 Advertisement Will Sell 1t
BoRN

BUCBEE-At East Woodstock, May 5, 1929 a daughter. Lois, to Mir. and Mrs. Ned Bughee
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
THAMES RIVER LINE, Inc.

FAST FREIGHT AND PASSENGER
 SERVICE. FARES :-New London 50e, Greenpori and Shelter Island S1, New York S2.5l Leaves Norwich. foot of Shetueket or Breed St., Tuesday. Thursday and Sun. day, at 1 P. NJ. Daylight Saving). Leaves New York, Pier 27 East River foot of Catherine St, Monday, We'd nesday and Friday, at P. M. (Day- light Saving).
 Connections with all Coastwise and Foreign Steamship Lines sailing from the Port of New York. For freight rates and further informa- ton apply
 LAWRENCE LAMB Telephone e6e. Agent.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
AUTOMOBILE AccEssoRIEs

WHERE others fail. we succeed in re- nairinf- aufornoa,iies satfrfactortiy In- periai Garage. Chestnut s. sprlld
 AUTOMOBILE and Truck Painting lettering and sign painting Joseph A. Elliott, Pond St. Norwich. Conn mar2t
 AUTO TOPS. radiator covers. curtains. slip covers and tire covers. relpholeicr- ing. all kinds of autos. Joa AnEzrano. Pond St. Phone 1897. mzFled
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11

WHEN YOU WANT to put your busi- ness before the public. there is no medi- um better than through the advertising columns of The Bulletin.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
HOTELS

AMERICAS HOUSE, D. Morrlssey, Prop. First class garage service con- uected. Phone. Shetncket St
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
NICKEL PLATING
PRINTING

PRINTING of all kinds promptly ard noatly done. Estimates promptly and eheerfully given. The B'1lletin Co. co Franklin sI D2ylsd
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
JAMES H. HYDE. .Auctionee
 AUCTION SALE

The household goods and furnishings in the home of the late Carrie S. Parker, deceased, will be sold at public sale at her home on New London turnpike, near the Starr farm, so-called, about one mile out of the City of Norwich, on
 THURSDAY, MAY 25, 1ss2.
 at 10 o'clock a. m., daylight time, 0 oFcloek, standard time. rain or shine.
 The furniture and furnishings of her nine-room house, brought mostly from her New York city home some years ago, consists of two parlor suites, sitting room suite, dining room table and chairs, book cases stands, desks, tables, carpets rugs, beds, hair mattresses, some bedding, pie lures, bric-a-brac glassware, china kitchen utensils, gold-band china dinner set old-fashioned square piano, porch rockers and chairs, garden tools. icebox, two-seat democrat wagon, phaeton, sleigh and other goods in great variety. Some good antique pieces, all in excellent tcon- dition.
 This will be an absolute sale 10 the highest bidder to settIe the estate. Terms cash. 4 caterer will be in attendance.
 NELSON J. AYLING, Executor. may6d
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11

AT A COURT OF PROBATE HELD at Montville, within and for the District of Montville, on the sth day of May, A. D. 1922.
 Present-DAN D. HOME, Judge.
 Estate Of Ella l.. Fielding. late Of Montville in said District, deceased.
 LeRoy N Fielding of Montviile, Conn. appeared in Court and filed a petition praying, for the reasons therein set forth. that administration upon said estate, al- legged to be intestate. may be granted.
 Whereupon. It Is Ordered. That said petition be hearu and determined at the Probate Court Room in Montville, in said District. on the 18th day of May, A. D. 1922, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, and that notice of the pendency of said peti- ton and of said hearing thereon, be given by the publication of this order one time in The Norwich Bulletin, a news paper having a circulation in said Dis trict. at least three days prior 10 the date of said hearing, and that return be made to this Court.
 DAN D. HOME. Judge. The above and foregoing is a true copy of record.
 Attest: SUSAN F. HOME. my1Id Clerk.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
PAINT AND wALLPAPEE

FOR sALE-Paint. SITS per gal. reg ular S2.50 grade. wallpaper. 1ec per roll Max Blazer ls3 West Main St. next ic Fire Station myld
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
BANK STATEMENT

STATEMENT or ASSETS AND LIA- biiitles Of The Bankers Trust Co. at C.r close of business May 9th. 1922
 ASSETS
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
MARRIED

 KNTCHT-MANN-In New York city, Nav S 1922, Howard Ashley Knight of Bridgeport and Miss Marjorie Mann of Putnam.
 FLEETW0OD-DAVIs-In Philadelphia, Pa. Pr -ll Fleetwood of Waverly Ma nr- ss Madeline Davis of Phlla- deIpiIia. formerly Of Putnam. Conn. IaVOI-GRENIER- Plainfeld. May 1922. by Rev. Richard P. Morrissey. Louis Lavoi os Lawrence. Mass, and Miss Rosalma Grenier of Plainiield. vACKREs - TAHINOs In Norwich, May q. 1ee2 by Rev. Philotheos kon- dTIizs. Nasfles Mackres and Miss Helen TahinoS both of Thames street
 CARvER-COLE-1n this city, April 24, .fgge. by John IT. Barnes. J. P. John ID. Carver and Fannie Cole, both of Oak street.
 PrGH-PoTTER-In Apponaug, R. l. April S. 1922. by Rev. V. E. Bragdon. Harry Rutherford Purh and Jennie Evelyn Potter. both of Westerly. JTDGE-LORRX-In Willimsutic, May 10. 1922. by Rev Walter F. Borchert, Alfred J. Judge and Miss Henrietta D. Lorrv.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
DIED

HANNON-In New London, May. 10, 1929 Timothy M Hannon aged 57 years IACksON-Tn New London. May 9, Ige.. lone N. Jackson aged 27 years. NoYEs-In Mystic May 10, 1922, Ira c. Moves aged 63 years. f rerai services at ais Ia residence, No Broadway, Mystic, Saturday May I3. at c.3O ?. ID. daylight saving tiwrl.
 IarHAM-In Westerly. R. l., May 10, i9es. William J. Latham, aged ST tfIre.
 rrRRY-In Wllimantic May 10. 1922 Caarles D. Perry Of l anover. aged 75 years.
Norwich bulletin., 1922-05-11
FUNERAL NOTICES

rUCHTA-In Taftvilic, May g, 1922, Iohn = Puchta. aged 5s years. Funeral at his late home Merchants
 avenue. Iaftville. Friday, May 12, at
 o'clock
 Providence papers please copy.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
Germany Now Ready To Pay Uncle Sam
LEADER
FIRM IN IGNORING
CLEVELAND MEET
Preddent Kavanaugh, Of Operators A.
soc4ation, Says Lewis Is Try
ing to HE1slead Public

Chicago. Aug. 1o.-W. K. Kavanaugh
president Of the coal operators associs-
ton OF the fifth and ninth districts an
rounced at the end Of three day meet
Ing today that the Illinois operators
we're firm in their refusal to enter any
conference with John l.. Lewis, leader
OF the striking miners at Cleveland. ex-
.cept on the basis of tho arbitration pro-
osals submitted by President Harding.
he session Will be continued tomorrow.
All participa ts IN the conference. Mr.:
lvanauGh az d. have been Instructed
keep in close touch with the organi-
sacIons secretary, that they may meet
on call to discuss any proposals that
may be sent by President Lewis
The four-state wage conference al
Cleveland was characterized BY hr.
KavanauEh as "a most woeful spec
tacle." He again repeated his asser-
uons that n, settlement could be MADE
without a fuller representation than has
been reported or without ths operators
Of Illinois and Indiana. .te charged
that President Lewis Is attempting 10
mislead the public in statements regard
ing the conference. that he may create
public sentiment against the operators
and in that way force them to sur
render what ne termed the operators
fight for the 'public's welfare"
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
Transportation Managers Ar
rive in New York to Pass
On Harding's Peace Plan
Hold Secret Conference.

New York, Aug. 10.-(By the Asocla-
ted PrcssD-As western and southern
transportation managers began to ar
rive here to-day for the session TO-
morrow Of the Association or Railway
Executives to pass on President Haro-
ing's new rail- peace plan. indications
were that the mo surrender pohcy
voiced by Chairman Loree. OF the east
ern conference. was fast gaining mo-
mentum
\ concerted effort Of the eastern men
20 strengthen their position was seen In
several Informal conferences held THIS
afternoon and tonight Al which the
newly arriving officials were guests OF
local executives.
The first Of these conferences was
hold at the Association ~ Railway EE-
ecutive board rooms this afternoon
where - rall rnl"tS wcr" secretly CLOS
crcd for several h"u's. Those who a..
tended III meetings declined 10 reveal
,rha' 'no\ rla"" assuring nc" we're
herd r,1crc'l 80 '..llJ ~ - IN" lresl1"nf :
ra,os. rlar ard 10 onanlA rAcoErized
'.a5-r. r4r- 49, '~~T'''0rS ~ rnad=
throughout the naticn Uhich had re
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
FAIL TO MAKE 0UTCRY
AT F7ER $4,000 ROBBERY

New York. Aug. 10.--Faiiure Of the
proprietors OF jewelry company to
shout for aid after they said they had
been held UP in their Maiden Lane
Office today and robbed OF SlS,0oo IN
Jewels, tonight was puzzling police in
their Investigation OF the case.
The owners reported that about 3
o'clock this morning three men en-
tered and asked 10 see a ring. When
tho safe was opened they said they were
covered with guns. One man riicd tho
safe and the party left
The elevator man told policemen he
had not seen any strangers enter the
building. but they could have used
rear staircase. Other tenants sail they
had heard no other noise.
Maiden Lane Is posted territory. as
far as crooks are concerned, and always
Is lined with detectives. Had the men
made an outcry. the thieves surely
would have been captured, the police
say
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
BELIEVED RAIL HEADS WON'T DEV[ATE
FROM THEIR mo SURRENDER" POLICY

suited from the first seven weeks Of the
shop crafts strike.
Officials of southern and western
roads were the first to arive OF the 200
representatives OF class ono roads which
are expected to be represented when to-
morrow's conference Is called at the
Grand Central terminal. Each train
brings others from states farther dis
tant The subtcrranean drifting OF SEN
timent against acceptance OF President
Harding's proposal which until to-day
seemed to be confined to few of tha
moro belligerent eastern roads, now ap-
pears to dominate among tho executives
here for the conference. Their attitude
is that the strike is already lost 10 the
shop craftsmen and that by Rccepting
the strike leadrs' challenge 10 fight
to the finish" their shop forces soon
will be recruited to normal strength d
the mower OF the union dtsintegrated.
Southern and western roads. however,
ara not farinE so well II IS frankly Rd-
nitted because most OF their shops are
situated far from the big labor centers
where non-union forces are most easily
recruited to replace the strikers.
Their representatives came here pre-
ra~cd - vote for acceptance OF Pres!-
den, Harding's plan. II Is understood
Thi- VA especially tru" Of southern
.r,rrs which ia3 rhc ror-unior Goa, fields
~ Esr-urkv and the VirC'N'as whore 4
shor,acc oF ~erai~ Fo-cAs has hlo~l"f
the rosI- - r7r'i7E oT' fV"' :" : ''"
vla,e IN. !mreldlHE cal tam,na
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
SENAT0RSbA
At MAKING ANY
TARIFF CHANGE
Oppose Presidents Ideas Of
Flexible Provision In Is
tablishing Rates

Washington, Aug. 1o.-Flexible tar
M provisions designed to carry out
President Harding's COMMUNICATIONS
to congress last December met with
such strong opposition today In tne
senate that their fate in the voting tnat
must como tomorrow under the unal-
nous consent agreement appeared 70
be In doubt. 1t seemed TO be 1airiy
certain that before they could oe ap-
proved they would have TO be modifieo
r. an even greater extent than proposed
IN a substitute for the original plan
reported today by the finance committee
majority Practically all OF the Demo-
Gratis and q number of the Republicans
have indicated their oppositions IN any
form. while others on the majority sioe
have insisted upon a sharp curtailnent
of the broad authority the committee
has proposed shall be given to the prssl-
dent
Under the committee substitute, tho
chief executive would be authorized 10
increase or decrease tariff rates WITHIN
a radius Of SO percent II investigation
deyeloped that such action were neces-
sary to eoualize 1.-The differences in con-
ditions of competition" In the principal
markets Of the United States as be-
tween domestic and imported articles.
Should a so percent advance IN rates
be found to be insufficient for this pur-
pose. the president. after investigation
would be authorized to base duties on
the American wholesale selling price
instead Of the foreign selling price ana
then 10 increase rates within a radius
Of 80 percent.
Under notifications proposed by tho
committee, the executive could not trans
fer articles from the dutiable list 10
the free list or from the free list to
the dutiable list nor could he increase
maximum ad volorem duties written In
to the bill. Also in considering prices
as factors in ascertalning tho differ
ences in conditions of competing ne
could allow only reasonable" profits
TO be included in such prices.
Senator Lenroot urged a number OF
additional notifications which Chair
man McCumber. of the finance COM
mitttec. said he would accept II neces-
sary to get the provisions written into
the bill Instead OF changes In rates
being based upon prices. transporta- a.
ton charges and other factors, Mr.. Len
root insisted that they be based solely
on the differences in costs OF produc-
ton"
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
GASOLINE PRICE
To FORM BASIS
Of SENATE QUIZ
Oil Magnates, Who Can Talk
Inside Stuff, Will Be
Asked to Explain

Washington. AUS. 1o.--Dcctsion to
call head officials OF many Of the
greater oil companies who can talk
about the inside OF the oil industry
was reached today by acting Chairman
McNary. OF the senate manufacturers
committee. as the next step In the SEN
ate investigation of the gasoline price
situation.
senator McNary said he was de-
termincd TO have facts instead OF SIDE
issues IN the committee record.
The investigation would show SEN
ator McNary said. whether there is
actual competition. for instance, among
the units Of the Standard Oil group.
He believed also. he added. that the
question OF whether there Is AN under
standing or what amounts TO an under
standing" between selling Compa nies
as 70 the antics gasoline prices shall
perform"
The committee has heard In the past
four DAYS r. l.. Welch. secretary OF the
American Petroleum Institute and John
D. Clark vice president OF the MidweS:
Refining company Both gave test'-
mony which the chairman said he re-
Rarded as highly interesting and frank
" offered but stated that II did no.
get anywhere In the committees plan
Consequently the committee adjourned
today to meet again. probably early
next week when It IS proposed TO cal
witnesses from the ranks OF high OF
company officials.
In addition to the subjects mention
cd. Senator McNary explained that he
committee would inquire into the make
UP OF the big companies and name,
and natures Of their subsidiaries. thetl
capital. net returns and overhead ex'
penses the personnel and salaries Of
the directorates and details as to trade
practices. He declared that 1t was
common report tina, some producers
holding near monopolies on small fields
had restored 10 choking wells in or
der that the production could be helc
down and the market "buoycd."
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1922-08-11
WILLING TO GIVE AID
IN WITNESS ROUNDUP
IN W VA. RIOT CASE

Harrisburg. Pa. Aug. ln.-Attorney
General George Alter has instructed tho
District Attorney OF Washington county
10 extend every courtesy TO West Viz
=iria authorities in efforts 10 procure
The presence in West Virginia for men
wanted there as witnesses or otherwise
desired IN connection with Boone county
coal tippls riot case.
Governor Morgan wrote Governor
Sproulc that the Washington county
district attorney had declined 10 ses
that tho men wanted were sent into
West Virginia. on tn" ground that he
had no authority to do 81. although he
said tho men were willing TO go The
attorney general. In asking the district
attorney to extend all courtesieS, says
that Governor MorEar'S letter does not
make clear whether the men are at
liberty the county attorney has no
authority over their movements and II
in iar they could not be sent into an
otherothcr state without proper extra
dition papers.