davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

+ Physical education is a great stim
- ulus 10 health work and other worl
? as well, it brings Joy and recreation
to all the boys and girls; it promotes
p happiness in the homes; II develops
new type OF interest; encourages
} firm obedience to law; forms hab'
its OF correct posture, establishes
keen alertness, promotes orderly
conduct, courtesy, self-restraint,
sense OF justice and duty, Il develops
a spirit OF cooperation under good
| leadership.
The Importance OF physical edu-
cation cannot be over estimated,
"29.11 per cent. of 2150.706 young
men of the country OF 81 TO 80 years
OF age who were examined by local
boards under the first draft we're
unfit for military service by reason
of mental and physical disqualified
tions."
OF 22.0O0,OOO or more children
enrolled in the schools OF the United
States about 60 per cent live in rural
communities. We are inclined to
think of country boys and girls as
leading n perfect life with few ply
sical defects. Statistics show that
country children have been found as
defective physically as city children.
Again physical education cannot be
over estimated
The following quotations from
leaders OF public thought will show
the trend Of the attitude of public
minds.
President Harding: Recent ex-
aminations of children in the schools
OF some of our cities have shown
that nearly 80 per cent have minor
or major physical deficiencies. I
believe therefore, that a necessary
task is before us-we must remedy
that condition"
Herbert Hoover: No one can deny
that the physical development OF
child life is of equal importance with
education. We everyone of US, pay
the price in our jails, in our poor
houses. in our hospitals, in the loss
of our economic efficiency. the fer
tile grounds, that We furnish for all
the social patent medicines, for our
failure to have grasped the eDure
problem of child development not
only intellectually but physically as
we'll"
DR.. Charles Eliot. President Elmer
hus OF Harvard University: The /,
first step in the improvement OF the
American schools. the Introduction |
OF UNIVERSAL physical training for
both boys and girls from TO is I
years of age"
In order 10 more thoroughly pre-
pare the boys and girls Of the State
for the duties and responsibilities /
Of citizenship; to provide for their 4
future we'll being and comfort. some
provision should be made for the
instruction of physical education IN
accordance with the adopted course
Of study.
Evening journal., 1922-12-09
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1922
OUR SLOGAN
The Evening Journal-the First
Paper of the First City of the First
State.
FULL OF WHOLESOME THOUGHT

UREsIDENT HARDING has sent his Con-
gress. 1t is a broad, clear statesmanlike public
paper that appeal strongly the sound and sober
sense Of the American people. In tabloid terms the
message may be summarized follows:
Recommends substitution of a labor division in the
Interstate Commerce Commission for the Railroad
Board. Merger OF railway lines into systems and
an interchange OF freight
Says progress in reconstruction has hindered by
insistence OF labor heights while the heed
less forces OF reaction sought pre-war levels.
Urges registration aliens and the setting up OF
boards abroad for the examination OF emigrants
make that only desirable persons enter the
country.
Favors division in the Federal land banks to deal
with production OF credits with special provision for
live stock production credits.
Purposes invite OF the States to a con-
ference prohibition enforcement.
Says should rejoice to rehabitate currency sys-
we seek lift up
Recommends submission OF an amendment on the
question OF child Iabor.
Renews recommendation to restrict the Issuance OF
tax exempt securities.
Suggests cooperative buying as a means Of lowering
the cost Of living.
Favor approval by Congress OF proposed survey for
plan draft all resources human and material for
national defense.
Says four Power treaty aboshing probability Of war
in the Pacific has brought confidence in a main
taneu peace.
No read the above summary or the full text
OF the admirable message without realizing that the
President has given to the members OF Congress much
wholesome thought their inspiration and guidance
shaping legislative policies.
Evening journal., 1922-12-09
A HAPPY THOUGHT

ET was a happy thought that prompted DR.. John d.
skilton head master Of the Tower Hill School, and
his associates 10 invite Association Of Colleges and
Preparatory Schools Of the Middle and Maryland
to hold it's convention in that school and for it's mem
bers to use Wilmington for their hours of relaxation
The association is one the popular and power
ful educational agencies the UnitedsSaes and 1t
tains in its membership many national and In
lternatonal figures the field OF education that
mo small compliment TO Hill School and
city for the organization hold its
ton here 1t is cumulative proof OF the fact that VIII
mngon is strengthening its position convention
city.
The good and constructive influence OF the conven-
tion held will be felt directly indirectly in edu
States.
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

The world is gazing upon a curious
spectacle in the Near East. The
victors of the European war are
standing almost mute confronted by
audacious spokesmen OF two usurp-
ing powers-the nationalists of Tur-
key and the communists OF Russia.
The demand made by these irregu-
lar spokesmen is that the Straits of
Dardanelles and the Bosphorus shall
be left exclusively IN the hands of
Turkey. The Russian reds, allies
of the Turkish nationalists. allege
that Russla's interest in the naviga-
ton of the straits will be safer in
Turkeys hands than in the hands OF
the allied powers. NJ. Tchitcherin
the shrewd diplomat who heads the
red delegation has stated Turkeys
case better than Turkey herself
could have done. He has fortified
the Turkish demand with threat
of Russian retaliation II the powers
do not concede the control of the
straits to Turkey.
The conference at Lausanne has
reached its present equivocal posi-
tlon because of the part played by
Greece In the general drama of the
great war. The Turkish govern
ment. as an ally OF the German gov
ernment was beaten by the allies in
1918, and an armistice was drawn
up preliminary to the making OF
peace treaty The treaty Itself
the Treaty OF Sevres-was finally
drawn up and signed, but was never
ratified. In the meantime Greece
took the offensive. encouraged by
Mr.. Lloyd George, and attempted the
impossible feat of wrestling Anatolia
from the Turks The latter, repu-
dating the Sultan. who was a prison
er OF the allies at Constantinople'
organized under lMustapha Kemal
and finally defeated the Greeks.
The allied powers are at Lausanne
to adjust the questions arising from
the defeat OF the Turkish empire as
Evening journal., 1922-12-09
Creeks Bdnished From Turkey
(From the New York Herald) .

first at November 80. The Turks
later extended this limit 20 De-
/ cember 10.
The appeals from the thousands OF
men, women and children struggling
through the cold and SHOWS Of the
Anatolian highlands. many of them
without food and scantily clothed, tell
in a few words stories OF almost un'
paralleled misery and suffering. The
care and protection Of these helpless,
destitute people at the Turkish ports
have placed a heavy burden upon the
civilized world. An equally severe
problem is presented by the question
Of their removal to a place Of safety
within the short time allotted by the
Turkish authorities. Comparatively
few OF these impoverished people
have a haven OF refuge TO which they
can look forward with a feeling Of
safety. Greece is swamped beneath
the food OF destitution which has
poured in upon her. She is power
less to care for more.
Nothing shows better the lack OF
foresight and the governmental Inca
pacity OF the present Turkish regims
than the banishment OF the Christian
races. They are Turkeys most val
liable economic asset. The Turk by
his own acknowledgment IS by pro-
fession a soldier and by avocation
a farmer. He is seldom an artisan,
he has no ability as an organizer
of civil Industries and he is not a
n-aAafar - ho arnGFa a f1fa In
dustries OF the country were in the
hands OF the minority races.
Even Abdul Hamid. with his horri-
bic record OF murders and massacres.
recognized the worth OF the Chris
tian TO the economic life of Turkey.
Only such a group OF irresponsible
Adventures as now control Turkish
policy would at the present time de-
prive the country of the principal
reliance OF its industries and the
only producers OF its wealth.
II the world had any doubt regard
ing the meaning OF Ismet's state
ment that Turkey has no minority
race problem, II has none now. Moth
ing has yet been said about the re-
moval OF the Armenians or other
non-Turkish races. But 500, 900 Ar
menians in Turkey met death
through deportatlons and massacre
in three months OF 1915 and 100, 900
Il is reported, have been killed
since then. There may not be
enough OF them remaining for the
Turks to consider. Ismet was right
when he said There will be no
races in Turkey"
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

President Harding's second an
nual message TO Congress is full OF
far-driving, constructive sugges-
tons. 1t deals with urgent domestic
problems in the frankest and most
practical way. II is not covered
over with the hard and slippery
glaze Of vague political generaliza-
ton. 1t is courageousIy concrete
the strongest and bluntest which the
President has so far delivered.
AS Secretary Melons report
showed. the government has now
turned its own corner. It has set
its house economically in order. Bet
ter times are in sight. But certain
inequalities in liquidation and re-
covery reman and must be remedied.
Agriculture and transportation are
still out of line in our postwar ad-
justment. The governments atten-
tion must therefore be given, first,
to helping the farmer out OF the pit
of depression and, secondly, to re-
storing the economic efficiency Of
the railroads, so hard hit during the
war period by incompetent govern
ment management.
The President favors a broad ex-
tension OF credits to the farmer, so
that he may not only borrow on his
land but also on his products and
may draw up on equal terms with
producers in other industries. Spe-
cial provision is urged for livestock
credits. So far as economic facili-
tes are concerned the farmer has
hitherto stood last II these is to be
any inequality perhaps he ought to
stand first. But all he asks for, and
what he certainly ought to have, is
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

Commerce Commission alone has
the power to add to or subtract from
the incomes of the roads the Inter
state Commerce Commission alone
should be charged with the respon-
sibility of determining how much of
that income thus determined by it.
self should be absorbed by labor
charges. which are the great bulk
Of railroad operating expenses.
Again there may be room for
argument as to whether men should
ever be compelled to work against
their will. even in the case OF pub
lie service corporations; but if they
are to have their wages set for them
by a Government body and if there
Is to be a power OF enforcement of
its orders by Government body that
authority should be exercised by the
body charged with making both the
traffic rates and the wage rates.
In the same way President Hard
ing gets at the very essence of rail-
way service. railway economies and
at the same time reasonable tram
portation' rates when he asks Con
gress to do something concrete to-
ward putting the roads into a few
great systems, pooling their freight
cars and otherwise obtaining the
largest possible results on the lines
OF modern business methods on a
grand scale. There is no bigger
work ahead OF the American nation
than that.
The President also goes to the
heart of the agricultural problem,
pointing out that better rural bank
ing crdlts and banking facilities are
essential for the farmer and for the
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

President Harding's message ia
Congress is filled TO the brim with
issues and questions that come home
to all the American people. 1t ra-
dates the clear vision and common
sense which have so strikingly
marked his policies and programs
from the beginning OF his term of
office as Chief Executive. II will
command the attention which is the
due of big, practical purpose based
upon the penetrating conclusion that
there never again will be the old
order of things"
Within the reasonable compass OF
an editorial discussion II would not
be possible to go into all the matters
the President so fully covers with
the clarity OF a singularly straight
thinker and the skill of a master of
plain expression. A few examples
of what he proposes to and urges
upon Congress will serve to show.
however, the grasp this man has
OF the problems that face alike the
country and the world. For the
rest II will richly pay every think
ing American to read closely this
message which The New York Her
aid does not hesitate to say is the
most telling and the most cogent OF
the many very fine state papers he
has Issued from the White House.
What sound mind. for instance.
can challenge the Presidents con-
clusion that II the Government is to
regulate both wages and rates. rail-
road wage fixing should be lodged
with the same authority as railroad
rate making? Since the Interstate
Evening journal., 1922-12-09
AtHs Best
(From the New York Tribune.)

equal opportunity.
In addition to abnormal1y low
prices the farmer has had to face
the burden of largely increased rail-
road rates. The President thinks
that agriculture is entitled to lower
rates, to be made up to the carriers
by a readjustment OF other tariffs
Non-agricultural commodities are
better able to bear higher rates than
farm products are.
The transportation problem does
not end there. Government control
under the existing statutes has been
ineffective and awkward. The CO.
ordination OF rail rates and rail
wages ought to be coDfided to the
same body. II is now confided to
two Isolated bodies. The result has
been chaos. The Railroad Labor
Board functions really belong 10 :he
Interstate Commerce Commission.
The President is absolutely eight in
recommending consolidation and in
advising the roads and their en-
ployees to settle the vast minority
of their disputes among themselves.
In such cases as may come up to an
enlarged Interstate Commerce Com
mission the commission, in his oDiD-
ion, out to have full power 20 en-
force wage as well as rate decisions.
The Railroad Labor Boarl was
unfortunately handicapped by the
fact that it represented three in
terests-the roads, the workers and
the public. It became too much
forum for debate and dissens on.
The public learned, from last sum-
mer's ehop-craft strike how deeply
its own welfare and safety are in
Evening journal., 1922-12-09
DO NOT URGE 1T.

NTosT OF the things that Postmaster-General Work
1VE has done and recommended since he succeeded
VIII II. Hays in Office have met with public approval
praise That is true. however. with respect 20
his recommendation that extra postage charge OF
one cent be imposed for piece Of mail that
quires correction completion OF the address what
Is known the department directory service The
charge would be collected postage due upon deliver
Of the matter the addressee or return to the
sender
1t will be at that the penalty for defec-
tive address would fall the sender upon
the innocent party. That would be fundamentally
wrong.
We in company with other American newspapers.
interested intensely in the making the ad-
mnisraton OF Postmaster-General Work success and
we that he will insist upon such an unjust and
offensive postal penalty effective It would be about as
unpopular in the country large the 50 fling fee is
in Delaware.
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

country. But that will not be
A., enough. The business of the farm
er and the welfare of the consumer
of food products depend very largely
on the means OF sending the farm
products to market speedily. safely
and cheaply. And all this is COM
pretended in the PRESIDENTS pro-
gram for the railway zoning system,
the Joining of the rate making power
and of the wage making power In
one authority and the coordination
OF water and highway with rail
movements.
The Presidents demand for a cor
rection of child labor abuses by legal
changes that will stand the test of
the courts is not merely the impulse
of his heart, always specially warm
where children are concerned; It Is
the reflection OF the American senti-
ment that small children should not
be subjected TO burdensome labor
and the American demand that the
means shall be found to prevent such
things. This Is a problem the
American people are determined TO
have worked out.
AS for President Hardlng's dec
laration that the dry laws should be
obeyed so long as they are the laws
of the country, good citizens will
agree with him that this is a pro-
position which cannot be contradict
ed in logic, or in morals. The
question will remain. however. and
Il is a great nationwide question,
whether the law will be respected
nevertheless. where public opinion
is against 1t, and whether 1t can be
enforced.
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

The Turks exceeded the limit of
their own arrogance and barbarity
when they laid before the conference
at Lausanne their demand for the
immediate Punishment of every
Greek In Turkish territory. Within
fifteen days. according TO this de-
mand. almost 100000 Greeks
must leave their homes, abandon
their lands and all their other pos
sessions which they cannot carry
away with them and fee as best
they can TO some ether country.
Those who remain In Turkey do so
at their own perii-the common
Turkish peril, massacre. The num-
Der to be banished would be twice
as large had not the Turk within
the last six years deported. forced to
flight by threats and persecution or
killed another million OF Greeks.
This demand represents a part OF
the terms which the Turks, flushed
with their military success and VIC
tories. make upon a defeated people.
History even on its darkest pages
has few examples OF such a demand
by conqueror upon conquered. A
parallel might be found II Italy had
decreed the deportation OF every
Austrian in Italy. II the United
States had banlshed every person OF
a nationality which was aligned
against this country in the world
war-a course inconceivable in
modern civilization by any other ma
ton 6han Turkey. Even the savagery
OF the Balkan wars was never fol-
lowed by such measures Of barbarity
After Mohammed H., the Conqueror'
occupied Constantinople in the M
teenth century he invited the Chris
tian races he found there 20 remain
and afforded them protection OF
life, occupation and property. This
same protection was continued dur
ing the reigns Of the most powerful
OF his successors.
The Greeks Of eastern Thrace fed
at the first report OF the coming OF
the Turkish forces OF occupation.
More than 10000 of these people
crossed into Greece. Increasing the
burden Of an already impoverished
country. Ever since the successes Of
the Kemalists the ports Of Asia
Minor have been crowded with
refugees. Their number has been
swollen since the orders OF the An
CORA Government for their Danish
ment reached the remote Christian
of the interior. The
limit OF the time they could re-
main unmolested in Turkey was set
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

volved in railroad hold-ups. Tne
general interest requires disputes in
which the public ie the chief suf-
ferer to be adtudicated by bodies
exclusively representing the public.
AS to railroad strikes the Presi-
dent has the courage also TO lay
down the controlling principle OF
paramount public interest. He
says: since the government as
sumes TO safeguard his (the work
er's) interests while employed In an
essential public service, the secur-
ity Of society itself demands his
retirement from the service shall
not be so timed and related as TO
effect the destruction Of that ser
vice"
These words express a truth OF
the highest Importance in the regu-
lation Of the publios future rela-
tons with the minority groups In
industry which now seek to tyran-
nize over it.
Other subjects-5mmigrati the
need Of amendments withdrawing
tax immunity from state and
municipal securities and giving
Congress power to regulate child
labor-are touched on in the same
crisp and pragmatio manner. The
President doubtless feels a GER
tain challenge from the noisy Con-
gress bloc. He has the narrow
vision of no bloc. His message is a
welcome reinsurance to those who
believe in the maintenance of the
majority principle and in the free
play of all interests within the cir
Gle OF paramount national welfare.
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

In 1919 the Delaware Interscho
e lastic Athletic Association was in
! augurated and organized for the
purpose OF stimulating clean play
, whole recreation and athletics with.
in the schools OF the Sta,e.
A few of the special districts have
, employed directors of physical edu-
I cation, which is a step forward in
the right direction.
The rural schools under the direc-
tion OF the rural supervisors have
made great progress along the lines
OF organized play. About eighty
per cent of the rural schools are
equipped with a play ball. so that
supervised play during intermission
becomes possible under teacher lead
ership. The interest in organized
play has been manifested in the an
nual county track and field meets.
One county last year had forty-two
dodgeball teams represented.
The State Athletic Association is
growing very rapidly This year we
hope to have 100 per cent enroll
meDt, every school has the oppor-
| u
Physical education includes more
than organized play and athletics.
The most important factors are:
Health, medical inspection, mouth
hygiene, school nursing, nutrition
and mental hygiene.
Someone has said, First health. |
then wisdom; healthy children make |
a strong nation"
The chief aim of health educa-
tion Is TO prevent and correct such |
physical defects as may interfere |
school, both mentally and physi-
cally.
Medical inspection laws are car
ried out in the State. Mouth hy-
giene, school nursing. nutrition and |
mental hygiene are emphasized and
carried into effect to a certain de-
gree but not to the extent that the
condition of some OF the children of
the State demand.
The Diamond State was the sew
enth OF the States of the Union to
enact physical education laws which
is ideal, but II this ideal is to be
fully realized a State director OF
physical education in the State De-
partment OF Public Instruction is
the first essential. so that the work
can be properly organized and su-
pervised.
This Department might well in
clude; health education and hygiene,
recreational training for teachers,
physical examination Of pupils, gym
nastic and playground activities, di-
rection OF the coaching OF all ath-
letic teams. direction and business
management OF all the county and
State meets.
II is not too much 10 say we
should have a State program Of
physical education for all the pupils
above the eighth year of age in all
and secondary schools. II
Evening journal., 1922-12-09

Senator La Toilette has made
himself one OF the white hopes" OF
the British shipping interests. The
announcement Of his determination
to hold up the House shipping bill
excites enthusiasm in British ship
ping circles. According to "The
Marine Journal" the following in
formation was sent out the other
day by a British ticker service, fol-
lowing the Wisconsin Senator's
statement:
LONDON. - Expected defeat Of
ship subsidy bill in United States
Senate is having marked effect on
shipping shares here. Peninsular
and Oriental Steamship Company
rose FIVE points yesterday, Royal
Mail three and half points ant
Cunard one and a half points"
Possibly the same reaction was