davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-02-26

was SO genial and boyish. All the
time he was joking at every chance.
He was alert, magnetic, full Of ideas.
Too bad John S. Phillips, his friend
and confidant ever since college days,
couldn't have been there to have
seized upon the feasible ideas and
put them into force.
The world, he said, is full of in
terestins material. He's going TO
publish some great biographies, par
tieularly that of Henry Ford. This
is to appear in the May number Of
the magazine, alongside his own ar
ticle on the Irish situation. To IN
dertake such subject shows that
McClure's courage is as strong as
ever. He said it wasn't so much
what was the matter with the Irish
as what they thought was wrong.
The Irish situation is an obsession.
state Of mind, he thinks-some-
thing that they will have to cure
themselves. He spoke of what the
early martyrs suffered for their be-
liefs, and went on rapidly recon-
mending that one read lie Bon, after
which one would understand more
about Ireland, and the state Of the
Irish mind.
Speaking further of an EDITORS
work, he said that any one who
doesn't look fer the best stories in
the mails is merchandising with q
check book
At one time or another Mcclure
has known almost all the men and
women of Importance in the world.
He said that his wife was his best
friend; but among the others he had
had the most affection for George
Meredith. Then President Diaz OF
Mexico; Roosevelt, nobody was
ever more lovable"; Count Terauchi,
who was Premier of Japan when
Mcclure was there; Rudyard Kip
ling; Stevenson, whom every one
loved because they couldn't help it;
he was a combination of sixteenth
century cavalier and nineteenth
century Presbyterian, adorable and
irresistible" And 81 loved W. ID.
Howells very much. Henry Ford is
fine, too, so simple and friendly.
And have liked specially Alexan-
der Graham Bell, Charles \. Dana
and Cleveland"
He was quite indignant that any
body could have said it was inpos-
sible to be happily married now.
This, he thinks, is the golden age OF
life and literature. Now, he and his
family live In an apartment uptown,
but in summer they go away to his
little farm up in the foothills OF the
Berl1shires. There they loaf and
idle the holidays away. He says he
has only two acres, but he can see
five hundred; "isn't that just as
good?" They have a garden, and
Mrs. Mcclure became an excellent
farmer in spite OF her classical
training. When he feels like it, he
chops wood. And he enjoys strolling
by the Housatonic River, which at
that place Is a shallow, sparkling
brook, leaping over stones and dap-
pied with shadows from overhanging
trees.
The New York herald., 1922-02-26

ton J. Snider. The William Harvey
Miner Company.
n HR. DENTON J. SNYDER ex-
iV plains his point Of view
about Emerson by the sub
title Of his book, ralph w. Ener-
SON.: His Biography Treated as His
Life Essay. He shows that Emerson
the man was bigger than any of his
writings. He also shows that Ener
sons writings were essentially auto
biographical. He analyses the writ
ings to get q clew to Emerson's
mind and message, dwelling chiefly
upon the journals, the letters and
the poems.
Mr.. Snider Is at his best in speak
ing of Emerson's writings. He is q
little too artificial in speaking of
Emerson's life. and in speaking of
the creative decennium, the reac-
tionary decennium and the practical
decennium. Human life Is not
marked off by as rigid a periodicity.
Some OF his parallels and analogies
are rather far fetched, as when he
says: 'TrEe E,mersonian civil war
runs parallel to the national civil
war, and has quite the same out
come at about the same time" AS
a biographeF, one of Mr.. Snider's
most valuable services is showing
the influence which EInergon's Aunt
Mary had upon him.
OF En,ersoh's journals. Mr.. snider
The New York herald., 1922-02-26
II.

Andrew Lang. then literary adviser
for Longman's, discovered for the
American editor new writer. Nc
Ciure had gone out to st. Andrews
10 see him and he said that they'd
just bought good shilling shocker
from a doctor of the name of A.
Conan Doyle. On the train going
back to London Mcclure bought the
book "a Study in Scarlet" He said
he never did get an idea while stay
ing in one place, although he thinks
little of luncheons and dinners as
scenes Of literary inspirations and
discoveries. But. he said. from liter
airy men he always learned great
deal of what was ggins on.
He'd peFer heard that Stevenson
The New York herald., 1922-02-26

had written a third story compan-
ioning Kidnapped" and Treasure
Island" until Brander Matthews told
him about 1t. 'grhe Black Arrow"
had appeared in some obscure British
paper and had never been reprinted.
He read IL and told Stevenson he'd
take it IL he'd consent to cut out the
first five chapters. Stevenson merely
Nsaid, "All right" and the transac-
ton was made.
Mcclure is the sort Of person you
could ask how he happened to be-
come an editor without offending
him. Everything, he says, came to
him by chance. Even the second S.
in his name was clapped in at short
notice to match up with the other
boys who had two names to give the
principal of the high school. Even in
McClure's mind it's doubtful what
the other s. stands for. At first it
was Sherman, afterward changed to
Sidney, and then S. S. But in gen.
eral 1t stands for the mans always
quick action in the face of an emer-
gency.
Nv.
I've already told you that, the
meeting of Harriet Hurd was the
most important event Of McClure's
life. And looking back for reasons
why he became an editor, the best
one is easily traceable to her. For
when he had finished college the first
thing he did was to come to Marcy,
N. Y, where Miss Hurd was visiting
friends. She had been sent to Massa-
chusetts by her father to teach in a
school and to be further from the de-
signs of the persistent young Nc
Clure.
This interview was not very en-
eouraging. Prof. Hurd still opposed
the match and his daughter was try
ing her best to be obedient to him.
Not that sending her East did the
least bit Of good. Anyway, after
he left her, a train happened along
going to Boston and Mcclure
thought he might as well go there
as anywhere.
Soon after he got there he inter-
viewed Col. Pope and got job wash
ing windows and teaching people to
ride bicycles. He learned the art
Of bicycle riding in two hours; and
it took him about that long to learn
to edf.; he always knew. He'd had
some practical experience on the col
lege paper and Col. Pope made him
the editor Of the TVhecEmda.
He said that afternoon that he
was glad to get back; editing was
play for him. He was completely
surrounded by manuscripts which
looked as il they were of geologic
formation. very dry and dull. He
was quick in defense Of them. "You
just don't know what's I'm theIn," he
said, glowing with enthusiasm.
Though he said for him writing
was always work, he has written
obstacles to Peace" my Autobi-
ography" and the cook book. He
almost recommended his autobiog-
raphy; said some considered it
good piece Of writing. You would
have loved to have heard this; it
The New York herald., 1922-02-26

Grafton, ana when, before Me
Clure ever saw him, he was living
at 16 Cheyne Walk, with Swinburne
and Rossetti, he left because he
couldn't stand to see Dante Gabriel
cat five poached eggs on bacon.
Mcclure himself says he is good
cook. When he was first married his
wife didn't know much about cook
ing, so he went into the Astor Hotel
and learned everything about the
art. He said he'd written a cook book
on recipes tested by himself. 7 re-
gret very much that I cannot pre-
sent him as an experienced cook as
well as one of the most interesting,
vital and genial beings / ever saw.
He soon left the discussion of
dishes and returned to literature. He
spoke of Henley as a poet, man of
courage, a person well equipped for
the purposes of friendship and as a
great editor. When Mcclure first
met him he was editing paper
called the Scots Observer, in E.din-
burgh. Afterward they took it to
London and called it the Observer.
But that, as most of HeHley's ven-
lures, had no great success. Henley
was. Mcclure said, big fellow much
handicapped by lameness. He had
shock of red hair and was much
more British in appearance than
Robins bust indicates. He was the
original OF Long John Silver.
The New York herald., 1922-02-26

times and that Il trip "meant
something"
He was one Of the privileged to
visit the Stevensons when they were
staying at the st. Stephens Hotel
IN Eleventh street. Stevenson, hay
ing mislaid a letter from Mcclure,
sent Lloyd Osborne to McClure's Of
fee to say he'd be glad to receive
him. Out Of this acquaintance there
came many delightful things, and
among them a sheaf Of letters Of in
PRODUCTION TO Stevenson's literary
friends In London. There was Hem
ley, r. A. M. Stevenson, Sidney Col
win and Charles Baxter.
The New York herald., 1922-02-26
II,

One of McClure's favorite stories is
this: He was having luncheon with
ColyiR at the British Museum one
day when he was in Europe on lit
erary search. They were talking
about authors and Colvin said there
was a young man out in India who
had written great deal and seemed
10 have real red blood in his veins.
His name was Rudyard Kipling.
Mcclure wrote this unknown name
and some time afterward when he
was visiting George Meredith at Box
Hi1 he brought up the subject
Meredith had never heard Of Kip
ling, but he said in his opinion the
coming man was young Scot
named James Matthew Barrie.
He had read all Of Meredith before
he had the much coveted privilege
Of visiting Flint cottage. Meredith,
Re said, 'fs the greatest author who
ever wrote novels" When he went
up to Box Hill he was going TO see
hero; something like Galsworthy
said he felt when he went to Uamp-
stead to see Mark Twain. For the
American editor was not disap-
pointed; on the contrary, he was sur
prised TO find that upon nearer ac-
quatltance man could prove as de-
lightfuI as Meredith.
Meredith was q brilliant conversa-
tionalist. ho said. And he liked to re-
call the time when he and Mrs. Me-
CIure visited Flint cottage and Mere
dith was translating Homer. He had
a bsautitul voice and read the orig
The New York herald., 1922-02-26

RALPH WALDO EMERSON. BY Dem
ton J. Snider. The William Harvey
Miner Company.
The New York herald., 1922-02-26
BY CHLOE ARNOLD.

TT was an ordinary Lafayette
street afternoon at the time
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Lumber Prices Nav Be al Peak

More active fess'ance % further
price advances IN .he soft woods. With
decreased volume of buying, indi,sts,
ir the opinion - Lumber ir its
weekly review of tho lumber market,
that the peak of prices FOR yellow pine
and Douglas fr probably has been
reached
The hardwoods continues % show
improvement says 'he review, with
q number of Southern woods In active
demand az somewhat higher prices
Tpper grades arc especially strong,
and tho larger buyers are coming into
the market with heavy requirements.
The northern woods are frm, with ad-
vances In few items ard virtually sll
species included in sn expanding de-
mand."
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Craphophone Free
To Carry Out New
Plans, Says Head
Freezing of Debts for Three
Years Will Make Pos
sible an Aggressive
Policy, Declares Wilson

The Columbia Graphophone Com.
pany has cleared It's decks Of the cir
cumstAnces attending the filing Of a
petition for a receiver tome time AGO.
and 10 now In position 70 devote itf
full energies 20 carrying forward the
compsny's business, according 70 a
statement made public yesterday b.
II. L. Wilson, president Of the COM
pany. This WAS the first statement
issued by Mr.. Wilson since the Adop-
tion Of the readjustment plan. whereby
the indebtedness Of the company, both
principal and interest. az the discretion
Of q readjustment committee, Is post
poned for three years. Mr. Wilson
said:
"Six months work on the part Of the
creditors OF the Columbia Graphophone
Company has ended IN salts
factory arrangement whereby the IN
debtedness Of the company. both prin.
cipal and interest, AZ the discretion Of
readjustment committee. Is postponed
for a period Of three years, leaving
the company free from embarrassment
through individual actions and In posi-
tion 70 proceed aggretsively with It's
new policies Of production and dealer
cooperation.
The Columbia Company is not and
never has been in the hands Of n re-
ceiver. A petition for such action was
filed by smEll holders OF stock. but the
plea was dismissed promptly. The
agreement OF a majority Of note hold
ers against the company 10 defer pay
merts both on interest and principal
from April /, 1922, 10 August l. 1925,
sitter deductinF an amount not In ex-
cess OF aggregate bank deposits on
September is. 1921, Is a healthy indica-
tion Of the faith they have in the earn.
ing capacity Of the Columbia Company
under normal conditions. This plan
could have been blocked by objections
from % per cent OF the note holders,
but not per cent objected.
"All Of this means that the company
has cleared It's decks OF the unfor-
tunate situation created by the sudden
stoppsge or business. the sudden fall
Ing of in sales and the accumulation
Of inventories, and the management
rs In q position 10 devote its entire
energies 20 carrying forward the COM
pany's business Of serving the public
demand for the best that can be pro-
duced in the way Of instruments and
records, and il is the earnest intention
Of the management 20 devote itself 10
carrying out this policy.
"The volume Of business in the last
month, considering the season and the
uncertainty as 10 the success OF efforts
70 effect a reorganization plan that
would fully meet the approval Of all
concerned. has been more than salts
factory. Improved products. the clos
est possible relations with our family
of dealers and strietest economies IN
production. we are confident, will com.
bine TO develop steadily improving
butiness outlook for the company
Through the period Of depression we
did not lei up on experimentation tend
ing to improve our products. As re-.
suit. we can say definitely that dis
coveries have been made in our plants
that are Of the utmost Significance 20
all lovers Of phonograph music"
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
G. & 0. Earnings Equal
6.68 % on Capital Stock
Net Income Lower Than Last
Year; Operating Expenses
Cut Sll,l4l.000

Net income or the Chesapeake &
Ohio Railroad for 1921 after all charges
was s4,192 600. or equal TO SIS per cent
on the capital stock, compared with
1886 600 in 1920. Total operating in
come was at the rate Of 4.94 per cent
or q property investment account Of
S30f.4s5, ,o0o. as hgurod by the company.
this percentage comparing with ASS as
q yearly average for the FIVE years
ended December 81, 1921.
Operating revenues totaiirg SSS,-
ss7noo represented decrease Of &C..
$4,000 Operating expenses we're re-
duccd Sll.I4,o 200, this saving being
almost evenly divided between trans
portation costs and maintenance. Net
railway operating income was thus sus.
tained a, decrease Of only soos,ooo
from that Of 1920. but the company
realized Si,073,000 on interests from
investments and accounts. The operat-
ing ratio for the year whs 1855 per
cent. as compared with $500 per cent
for 1920
The balance sheet showed a redue-
ton in current assets from S4s,S4s,00
20 s2e.470 900 and a reduction in cur
rent liabilities from s25,sSs,ooo TO
si7,266.0Oo
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Country Produce

Buiter-R.oelp,s vsrs ans package,
Creamery. higher thar extras. To. iht4 n
'fc, - score $50, hrsts, 374 13thct
s,eoni'. y iql,c' .owsr srad,' - sg,oho'
31a33i4e. - score 31isa32kc. as 10 81
score. ~ Q12e. unsaited. higher than
nr,' 'tgasc ',eonss ,,a,aa, ,s.. ,.., .2.sr
common 70 fair. asis ds2e. ladies' current
make. extras. 3s02asc. nrsts lsl2Ic.
seconds. 2fi4 12sc. lower grades 2791te.
packing stock current make. 80 T. -scf
40 .. 2ic. lower grades. i'n z7iae
Chseas-- Receipts wsrs s.sss boxes New
York state fats. fresh specials. lsis 1l'ef
average run. isc. twins. frssa spfc'al.
1870. average run. i7.qisc w.'eoins.r'
Daisies, iss 0i9e. Young Am'r'eas' ia q
Eggs-Rsceip,s we're lo.7ta cases Yresn
gathered. sgtras. DOZEN. lag SOC storage
ss,rs ars's zen ~. rssuia- pscksd hfs's
tF4 4cfc. se~01d~ ard poorer Hltis
trade sggs. l2B07E dirflss. storage
packed 80. I. 25i1c. regular packed, 80 J.
eSseis fair 70 cho,es. diy s6asgise New
jersey hennery whifes oandled eniras. :.
n soc. unrantief. extras. 1880 nearby
ard nearby wssiern hennsry whites, az
rrs,s. 1nT32c. nearby Fathsred whites.
frsfs ~ extra nrsts 301 sac. under graies.
7sl zoe. pscifc Coast whites. eNfr1s. SO
7fr. extra frsfa. 1tG 3fiso frs's 101 32c,
other Western and Southern gathered
whites. ga SIC; nearby and nearby west
ern fernery browns extra. $40 Sc near
b. brown and mixed co.ors. gathered
extras 20d SOC. hrsts 20 extra hrs's. q
1.se
Potatoes Florida, boi. s7Gf5So; South
Carolina cobhiers. t2QN North Carolina.
sfaSS6a. Vrsinia. sl5oHsb Bermuda.
q 1t7 80. state ard Maine oid. ls0 ihs
s. 4s27S $50 ibs. si15aS2lo. sweets
Tersoy. rsk, s78f. Del3ware ari Mary
land. hsk. s0c7sit0 yams. Georgia.
bss tidSi50. Asparagus Jersey. dozen
q lf1sS Delaware and Maryland, y 500
s.. Pcnnsyivanla. s71f55o
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Financial Items

The EquNabis Trust Company has rs.
ceivet ~ following cable from ths Royal
Dutch Company n Holland The board
viii propose % the general meeting n
sharehoidsrs - he held juno ~ thar u fN
ne dividend for 1891 AZ Sc. r., witch in
January iast an interim dividend ~ l5-,
mas been paid
The Capitol National Bank 81 NeV Yerk
w,., open Monday IN fhe nev Garment
center rUHding A. Seventh Avenue end
Tfiffy.sefrnfh street The new insffut
'tu is capitalized o., s. 0c1 ON snd Is
SURPLUS - $500. 600. The onifegs are Max
Raif. yresitsn'. Joseph burst aEd Wl-
liam 3 FifEsimmona. vice -rrosidfnff, WiI-
Ham r. Glow cashier -nd Hugo Hadf
assistant cashier The directors are Ralnh
4 Day. Federal Prohibition Director for
New YORK state. jofeph DuFS' Fru'i Use
mann william e Fifzsiwmons Rrhrr' 7
Leonard James Edgar Morris. Max Raft
Robert sherman Ross Arthur Worth. I'd.
mgas Wright and " ! s.rooct
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Receiver Appointed
For Stock Brokers
s,;lwelI. Lefler & Lowe LA
biIiiies s200,00O, Petition
Alleges

A, Involuntary petition n oanX'
-,s.,v ~ svsirs, The stock brokerage
s,r-'' ~, ~ s.ilvell, LETTER 4 Lowe, Of
o. william Street. was filed Yesterday
:, -, United States District Court oy
,,,se creditors with claims on open
,eeosnts The liabilities Of the firm
a., -, Hxed a. 100000. and the assets at
;6ooO Judge Julian W. Mack ap-
soir,,d wolfsanr L. sehwsbaehsr re.
,sivtr for the firm, under bond OF
Tie firm is composed Of T. Albert
salwsll. William s LETTER ana
Charles Love. The petition alleges the
trm Rad offices. in addition 20 that
4. 2r william Street, in the Knieker-
ie,kr Building. 42d Street and Broad
v,y and At 207 Main Street, New
Rochelle. There 10 nothing in the pa
nor, 70 indicate that the alleged bank
rurts we're members Of any exchange.
The assets are said % be composed
lsrr,ly Of accounts payable and stocks.
The creditors filing tho petition are
Edwin A. MeArthur. $3.50: Edmund T.
Wille,,. s3ls. and Carl F Martin, $500.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
National Bank Of Greece
To Return Deposits in Money


WASHINGTON. June 2--Spiro Pa.
pafrango. special financial envoy ~
the Greek goyernment % The United
states. to-day received the following
cabegram from Athens;
"The National Bank - Grsses, IN
addition 20 other exemptions siresdy
announced. has decided 20 return al
deposits with 70 of any nature II eir.
culating money, and not az she vss
entitled % do under he law 81 the
new internal loan. hall In currency and
half In bonds"
This announcement Is regarded ~
setting ~ rest all reports concerning
Greek national finances Tho Ma
,Ional Bank Of Greece bears prse-
tieally the same relation % the GrssE
government. 10 VAS said, ~ does the
Bank of England % the British gov
ornment.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Public Debt Reduced
S5l,000,O 900 in May
Stood at S23,I38,836,607 at
End Of the Month, Treasury
Announces

WASHINGTON. June 2. - Reduction
OF S5l 100000 in the public debt during
May was announced to-day by the
Treasury. The total public debt stood
at t23,13s.S5s.s .s07 on May 81. as COM
pared with $23.leO.20l.3 on April 30.
Ordinary receipts Of the government
for the month OF May aggregated $780,
100000 against S224O0o, 900 in May last
year, while ordinary expenditures for
the month totaled s23s 900, 900, against
SS6s,000,00o in May year ago.
Public debt receipts for the month
aggregated S20.000.o00. against S7e3, ,000-
900 q year ago, while public debt ex-
penditures amounted TO s72 900 900.
compared with sso5 900 900 in May last
year
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
New York Metal Market

On the New York Metal Exchange
tin was firm. With straits quoted AZ
az 3f75G 8250c. Straits shipments,
standard. 3ld sc. and
% ger cert, 50.75d8i25e, with ss'es
of Is tons June.July shipment from
Straits a. 81 75c. Copper firms stand
ard spot. June ard July. l5lzhT
l3.62isc. and cieciro.ytic spot, 500
i4c, and June and July. l3.I5n ile.
Lead firm; New York spot, 675e, and
East s.. Louis, 5.37is n 562i1e. Use
frm: New York spot. 565e, and Eas,
81. Lnuls. 6.25G53I &c.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
New Studebaker Record

Nearly doubling tho sale Of ears
during May over the same month in
1921 the Stgdebsker Corporation broke
all previous records in production.
sales and financial departments. ac.
cording 70 A. R. Erskine, president.
Sales were approximately 1900 cars.
production I0,s53 and collections si7,-
100000. Sales in May. 1921. we're 1883
cars. Widespread demand for stude-
baker cars continues undated and ex-
ceeds production capacity said M.
Erskire.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
conference Here
I'm Mexican Debt
Begins Sessions
t;,., Meeting Preliminary;
~" y, Ia Hueria Presents
n. Economic Situation
90 His Own Country

.,;,r, Of the conference 20
Dtlles, adjust o. Msxico's debt
r'a'l...i', 70 approximately Nov'oVu, .
tsesas d,faul, since 1914 a. 70 lns
90 ~. = I'D amortization, got down
ifvru. -,,t.rday afternoon aiter inc
. essc rad been completed ana
ffganii-.si',,, ,,,,,,rsnt % principles pre-
. sersl. 80 hrs, Tleanary session,
gstse - -orning Al the New York
sid y -.h,r o. Commerce. Inc pro,
saN' s,'.Ss we're closed TO the 9ool'e, ano
&C., .siy information ressralns .i St1s
t,s erv o., son,ained IN br'ei omeial
rs s - delivered 20 the press oy
s,snsa'w II Lamont, chairman OF the
I.s,,ssee. This read; .f
f,i.sl'1ss;.,. 1s;..,,,iors OF the international
~. r,i,h Finance Minister De Ia
t,.r'',s. hser almost entirely pre-
h'.s,v in character Two sss'0"s -
-, s.,n b,ld, one IN the morning "a
=" ".sn,iv, committee rooms oi .n'
rs ~, ~ Commerce, At "nieh piae-
tn~s re full American eomml'tee
t9..y s.,,igr delegates were pressn''
o.. ~ ~. Afternoon A. the oineeS
,sd one u.,;e,n !. s government Financial
:. .. ss - i2o Broadway, a. which "a
- ,orri.,ee was II sttenaans, .s;or
~ i'o'.s, -;sis,sr. A. the morning sess.v"
- 80 ~. EuertA presented orally tne
~ sronomie situation OF MeN'eo,
x Ee'.i. ..-ssn session was occupied
p, ~ s,,uuion o. more concrete queS'
tons. - the committee
in Il ,ss minister will be held on Mon
Il. personnel Of tss SUBJ. suo-.0mml.'ess n,nrE ~
rsieh Will carry on tne aes.Ne s.,'r..J hvt
!, &c .sso5s,,,oos sos,,s 70 include in addition 70
y, '1Ir,,' ismort. z. R. p,aeoek, represent resent
~. y, =. -" British group. Jacques cheya-
~, rs re rssresentinr ths French gIoup.
~; ..s Paul Won sehwabseh, representing
C,--anv's interests.
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Failures Continue Drop

The downward trend in the number
Of comm ereial failures reported b.
credit agencies continued this week.
Allowance is made. however, for tho
fact that tho current week contained
only FIVE business days. against six
last week. R. G. Dun 4 Co. report %o7
failures this week. against f5i last
week. Bradstreet's reports 354 defaults
for the week ended June /, agains, 40
last week A year ago failures rum.
borod between 300 and $50
New-York tribune., 1922-06-03
Hallway and Other Corporations

AhA MUD
Interim cffs