davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-01-13

shows Japan leading. And, just be-
fore left New York, the publishers
had received a cablegram asking for
translation rights and requesting per-
mission % issue It in pamphlet form
and distribute Il throughout Japan.
THAT is the voice Of the younger
generation Of Japan; the generation
that has staged peace riots and snap
ped its fingers beneath the nose OF
the aged war party leaders"
On another phase Of the confer
ence he sees a grave error in the
total disregard for Russia and Ger
many in the conference.
Barring Russia Error.
However. this is but a small
gathering-a beginning-sort Of
bush league OF nations and as any
ball player will tell you. a bush
league is better than no league" he
observes.
I'VE cannot put the world to-
sether again while absolutely elm
mating the greatest producing nation
in the world-Russia. With Russia
changed from the greatest producer
10 a non-prOducer. we should be ex-
r
peace puzzle game viii not At to-
gether unless we have this missing
piece.
THE French-God bless 'em-are
as temperamental in diplomacy as in
everything else. Hence their startling
demand for a great fleet. and the
walk-out OF two leaders"
But. Irwin believes, could one look
behind the scenes Of the Lloyd
George BRAND confab. England
would be seen agreeing to aid the
collection Of French reparation
moneys and laying aside British
claims temporarily IN favor OF
France. England. he holds is most
Immediately interested.
England Prime Mover?
II am not certain but that the
impulse for the conference origin
ated IN England and was left TO
the United States for the calling
There seems 10 me little doubt re-
Carding her terrible financial coudi-
ton. Reducing the tax bill through
arms limitation is a vital matter with
England The success or falare o.
the coalition cabinet I'm Britain may
rest upon the outcome OF the session
for myself. 7 believe Il does I
have seen huge hordes Of wOrkless
and hungry men gathered near the
Thames. all being fed by the govern
ment and living somehow or other.
what IS the real financial prod
behind the conference? Well. not
so long 100 one-dfth or an army was
cavalry. Ard cavalry could be out
fitted az the rate OF about 500 a
horse. But the cavalry is gone now
The tank camc--costing $4,000 per
machine. And thousands were needed
to make a showing.
There's one jump IN field equip
ment that's tremendous.
con tho seas they discovered that
a 100000 warship was so much
Junk. and nothing could be done thi.
side Of S45.000. 000-and there YOU
have il. The nations couldn't stand
10. We all faced bankruptcy"
IS 1er cent Reduction Sale. vern-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-01-13
JUST MARRIED, MAN
Is FATALLY INJURED

OMAHA. Neb.. Jan u -Fiftssn
minutes after Henry L Tinker ~
Dallas s. D.. married Miss Julia
Brunning Of Omaha az Council
Bluffs last night ne vas lying fatal
iy injured under an overturnsd
automobile. He died here early to-
day.
The bride was painfully injured.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-01-13

10 matter the occasion. you are
sure % have The right flowers ~
they come from Bcchlers. Main
iSSS lift
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1922-01-13

IS per cent Reduction sale. vern-
on's. 334-tt
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

government patent office to prevent
infringers from initiating.
Cannot Use u. S. Insignia
Other marks which will not usually
be protected or registered are those
which consist merely of the name of an
individual, firm, corporation or assoc
citation not written in a distinctive man
ner, or which consist merely in a geo.
graphical name or term. like New
York Chocolates or New England
Mackeref.n These marks would ordi-
narily be the common property of all
persons bearing similar names, or doing
business in the same region.
Other trade marks which cannot be
legally adopted and protected are those
which consist of or comprise flags or
other insignia of the United States or
other countries, fraternal emblems. or
portraits of living individuals. without
the consent of the person shown. Many
other marks are proper subjects for
OPERATION, but are so commonplace
in their nature as to have two advan-
tages: one, that the public will not
easily remember the mark as indicating
a particular person or corporation; the
other. that ii may subsequently be dis
covered that other persons have pre-
yiously adopted the mark and would
be able to stop its use.
Of course. many trade marks and
names violate these rules and vet are
protected despite that fact. But the
establishment of their validity required
years of use, good luck, and frequently
long and expensive lawsuits. The bust
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

will not create trade marks. They
must be used on the goods sold. The
valuable feature of the trade mark is
the reputation which it acquires
through the belief of the public that
that trade mark points to the goods
upon which it is used rs being the
product of some particular manufac-
turer, merchant or jobher. The part
of advertising is to link together IN
the mind Of the public the trade mark.
it's owner, the goods and the superior
qualities of the goods.
The other aspect of a trade mark
which the law considers is its quality of
protecting the public against deception.
not receive registration which resem-
bles a trade mark already adopted, or
which describes the goods or their
qualities. Such words as these have
been rejected because considered de-
tic Seam for drawers. and 'Faultless"
for bread as that is supposed TO de-
scribe bread. On the other hand, the
word Bond in Bond bread is in the
dictionary; but by selecting a name
which though descriptive is not descrip-
tive of bread, by being the first to use
the name Bond as a mark for bread.
by putting that word into a distinctive
Old English lettering, by asseciating it
with q bond guaranteeing the purity of
a loaf Of bread, the originators of that
bread are protected; they have not
only the common law rights of priority,
but also specific registration by the
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

f~lciency unless they are associated
with the trade name or trade mark of
a particular brand of goods. The trade
name and trade mark form !: mental
peg on which to hang the garments of
superiority which advertising weaves
IN favor of the particular article.
The Case of "Kodak''
What good would it do the manu-
facturers of Lux simply to advertise
the virtues Of soap flakes? They have
made Lux mean soap flakes. In the
case of livery soap flakes. the trade
mark is q combination of an old trade
name with the actual name of the kind
of goods. In the case of a cleaning
power it is "Old Dutch Cleanser (if
the advertiser be Cudahy & company
or it is Gold Dust (f the advertiser
be y. X. Fairbanks.)
Coined trade names are sometimes
so effectively impressed that they be-
come parts Of our vocabulary. Who
would think Kodak was a coined nam
ed owned by the Eastman company?
And vet it is true-this statement of
its significance is given by the East
mar Kodak company: I'm 1888 when
two ks, and o. a ID and an a were
first euphoniously assembled they
meant nothing. Arranged to spell
Kodak they now signify certain pro-
ducts Of the Eastman Kodak company
such as Kodak cameras, Kodak tri-
pods, and Kodak film tanks. Kodak ia
our registered and common law trade
mark and cannot be rightfully applied
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29
Trade Marks sand Trmd@N annesP roe@AC Customers GreatFa nsAdCubLe

THE VALUE of trade marks and
trade names in advertising will be
d subject of discussion at the
meeting of the Great Falls Adj club
next Friday noon, at its luncheon in
the Palm room Of Hotel Rainbow.
Alex r. Osborn, in his book. "A Short
Course in Advertising" published by
Charles Scribners' Sons, has made this
subject simplicity itself, and we re-
print herewith part of what he says
concerning it.
The Great Falls Ad club is conduct
ing q school in advertising for the next
three or four months and the discus
sions and talks given at it's weekly
luncheons fit into the series of les
sons.
Mr.. Osborn says:
Particularly in name advertising.
the keynote Of any campaign is the
trade mark. This may be Il coined
name like "Uneeda,' or it may be an
actual name like Ford" presented in
connection with a distinctive design.
Especially in the national advertis-
ing Of a manufacturer, a trade mark
is indispensable because the value of
such advertising is not the mere sum
Of the separate values Of each lad"
4 greater value accumulates and piles
up with continuity. This is called
Cumulative" value. 1t increases geo
metricalIy with repetition. The argu-
ments-direct and indirect-which the
advertiser builds up in favor Of his
goods, will fall short of their full Eff
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

ness man who has not yet chosen his
trade mark should not gamble Upon the
chance of equal luck. but should
select a good legal trade mark in the
first place.
10 insure maximum permanent pro-
lection a trade mark should indicate
its original rather than the product it
self. For instance. a word which has
become the name for a certain kind
of a patented product ma not long
belong TO the manufacturer in perpetu-
ity. When the patents ran out on AS
pirin. this name became available for
use by any one who cared to manu-
facture according to the particular
formula which was known to result in
Aspirin. The original manufacturer had
to change his trade name from AS
pirin" to "Bayer's Aspirin" in order
to indicate the products origin.
Unusual Quality Is Ideal
Although pierce Arrow" is one of
the best trade names in existence (be-
cause it combines the idea of speed
derived from the word arrow with
the name of the manufactnrerl. the
courts would probably not uphold the
Pierce company's rights on the name
il another manufacturer named Pierce
wished to make and sell Pierce
cars.
The ideal trade mark is one which
in an unusual design tor en-
blem. or in a novel or fanciful word.
such as "KEDS'' or sUNEEDA.' If
such a MARK is selected. it's novelty
Continued on Page Five
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

most passed into oblivion, al
though he died at Helena only
a dozen years ago, at the age of
72. He was a native Of Ireland,
coming to America in 1854 at
the age Of II. In 1856 he came
up the Missouri river to Fort
Pierre, Dakota, working as a
clerk in the Suffers store. In
1859 he arrived at Fort Benton
with a stock of general mer-
chandise for the post traders.
The trip was made from Fort
Stewart on a large keel boat
which had to be cordelled, or
pulled, by a gang of men on the
bank, by means of a long rope
and as it was found impossible
to drag the boat farther than
Fort Brule, above the mouth of
the Marias, the cargo was there
put ashore and packed the rest
of the way by land.
First Steamboats, Arrive
The American Fur company
that year tried to get steam
boats to Fort Benton, but were
unsuccessful and it was not I'M
til the following year, July 3,
1860, that the first two boats,
the Chippewa and the Key
West, reached the fort, having
on board six companies of
United States infantry under
command of Colonel George
H. Blake. They were en- route
to Fort Walla Walla, Washing
ton. At Fort Benton the troops
were met by Lieutenant John
Mullan, builder of the Mullan
road over the Occur d'Alene
mountains.
Carroll used to give a vivid
description of the arrival of the
first steamboats, at Fort Ben
ton and the grand celebration
that accompanied the event. It
took three days for the officials
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

except to goods of u manufacture
When trade marks such as Kodak
do become bywords they are worth
fabulous sums. 1t is said that 1t Co
ca Cola were to be offered for sale to-
day. that name of eight letters would
bring over $4,000, 000-over half a
million dollars per letter. The name
''Wrigley" in connection with chew
ing gum is worth almost as many mil
lions as it has letters. Think what a
byword Postum has been made
through persuasive advertising. and
YOU will see why any Il who enters
national advertising without a trade
mark which is distinctive, descriptive.
easy to say. easy to remember, and of
plea SAINT suggestion is very apt to tall
short of maximum efficiency.
Advertising Cannot Create Trade
Marks
But" as Trade Mark Attorney ID.
A. Woodcock has said, mo matter how
attractive a mark or name may be, 1t
is folly to spend money in advertising
it unless the advertiser is to reap the
benefit. If other persons are free to
adopt the mark, his trade will be stolen
and his advertisements will be worse
than useless. His only safeguard is to
select a valid trade mark at the out
set Mr.. Woodcock's definition of a
trade mark is: ANY symbol applied
to goods which Identifies in the public
mind the manufacturer. merchant or
jobber who makes or selects the goods
and sells them" Advertising alone
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

and employees at the fort to re-
cover from the effects, but he
used to say that the occasion
was justified, as it marked an
epoch in the history of the fort.
Followed, as it was, almost i'm
mediately by the discovery of
gold in Montana and the conse-
quent rush of emigration, it
changed the whole order of
things at the post. It was the
beginning of that period of a
quarter of a century during
which Fort Benton was the
most important point between
the Mississippi and the Pacific
coast on the northern routes.
In 1868 Carroll, who had
prospered in his business VEN
lures, reorganized his firm to
take over the Diamond r COM
pany, which had been estab-
llshed three years previously
by two Missouri river steam
boat captains. John J. Roe and
Nicholas Wall, to carry freight
between Fort Benton and the
gold camps Of Montana and
Idaho.
The new business soon as
sumed enormous proportions
and represented a heavy invest
ment, for freighting by con-
tract and otherwise was en-
gagged in between all points in
the northwest, as well as be-
tween Fort Benton and trading
posts in Canada and as far
south as Utah. At that time
its brand, consisting of a dia-
mond with an r in the center.
was the best known emblem in
the northwest, and was seen
on the trail everywhere.
Great Diamond r Company
The partners stocked the
Diamond R with the finest
mule trains and OK trains that
money could buy. Their wag-
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

filled with hardships and
freighting was mans work in
all seasons. A wagon boss had
to be resourceful and of iron
nerve, equal to any emergency.
From this class there were de-
veloped some of the outstand-
ing business men of the western
states and territories.
On a freighting trip there
were no Sundays or holidays.
The boss and the SINNERS
worked day after day, unless
nature interfered and they had
to lie for days with a swollen
and unfordable stream in front
of them.
Breaking in a new steer, wild
from the ranges, broke the
monotony Of the mornings and
Moons, and from the time the
rope was on him until he was
being reluctantly hauled along
as one Of the team, the fun was
fast and furious. Especially
would this be the case if he
broke loose and with a heavy
yoke swinging around his neck,
would make the SINNERS crawl
under the wagons until the key
broke, the yoke flew off at a
tangent and the business began
afresh.
Some of the old-time bull
whackers, once Indian fighters,
to whom an Indian was one de-
gree lower than a coyote, are
still living. but, like the early
day placer miners, their ranks
are thinning rapidly. To many
of these the bull train stood for
and they felt like evicted
tenants when the shrek of the
locomotive sounded the destruc-
ton of the bull camp.
For a time during the early
steamboating days, owing to
the limited means of transport
tation, compared with its needs,
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

freighters commanded their
own prices and at times re-
ceived as high as 10 cents per
pound for hauls of 100 miles
or less. This did not continue
long, however. for freighters
soon became plentiful. In one
year, 1867, it was estimated,
Montana alone paid 900
in gold for freight charges and
the population numbered only
a few thousands.
One of the picturesque
freight terminals of the 70's
was Miles City, which first was
ar army post, then a railroad
construction camp and later a
cow town. Describing those
days, Sam Gordon, a pioneer
editor of that place, wrote:
speaking Of freighters, it
was surely a sight when a Dia-
mond R bull-train pulled into
Main street en- route to Keogh
from Glendive or Buford, load
ed with government freight.
With from eight to twelve yoke
of bulls" to a team, hauling
two and often three wagons
loaded to the top and with a
real 'bull-whacker' walking
along back by the wheelers, a
pageant was paraded to the life
of a phase of civilization that
was just then passing off the
stage. Ranking with the ex-
perts in any vocation, the pro-
fessional bull-whacker in action
was a most satisfying sight,
and the pull up Main street
was their dress parade. With
q whip, the stock of which,
about six feet long, had been
carefully fashioned out of
properly tough timber, and
with a lash that would reach
or six yokes ahead, and a
pepper on the end that would
bite out a bunch of hair wher-
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

ons met steamers at Fort Ben
ton, Camp Cooke, at the mouth
of the Judith river Fort Clag-
gett), and, after 1874, at Car
roll, and carried their cargoes
to every mining camp town,
army post and Indian agency in
the northwest country. They
contracted with the govern
ment for transporting supplies,
not only to military camps and
posts, but also with troops in
the field. Carroll, in person,
took charge of the supply
trains of General Gibbon and
other commands during the
Sioux campaign of 1876, and
was among the first on the bat
tlefield, where Custer and his
command were wiped out, the
day after the battle. He was
with Colonel Baker when at
tackled by Sitting Bull at Ba-
ker's battle ground, now occu-
pied by the town of Huntley.
1t was an immense and prof
liable industry. The Diamond
R company was the largest
single enterprise in the Rocky
mountain region in the middle
70's.
The Diamond r partners
firmly believed Carroll would
supplant Fort Benton as the
river traffic terminal, and they
expected a city to grow there.
Maclay, who became we'll
known in St. Louis, Sioux City
and other shipping points down
the river, spent part of his time
in those cities, acquainting the
shippers with the advantages
of Carroll as d receiving point,
and was most successful in d.
recting freight there. Fort
Benton suffered considerably
from the competition for a cou-
pie of years, but due to the fact
that the road from Carroll to
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

the gold camps in western
Montana led through the Judith
Basin, which was the heart of
the hostile Indian country, and
the constant attacks on wagon
trains on that route, and bad
roads, the success of the town
was gradually impaired, and
toward the late 70's Carroll be-
came less and less important
and finally was abandoned en-
tirely.
Express Freight Line.
When the Union Pacific rail-
roads were united at Ogden, a
new transportation route was
opened into Montana. Corrine,
Utah, became the new base and
the Diamond r, with other
transportation companies began
f%reighting from there. Among
other competitors were many
Mormon teams, which broke in
upon the larger companies, and
when winter came, communlca-
ton ceased altogether.
The Diamond r put on a fast
freight line, to be run as a reg
ular express at all seasons of
the year. An extremely cold
and snowy winter came on.
B~roadwater, Maclay and Car
roll took all kinds of chances,
facing billiards., shoveling
snow-trying to keep the roads
open and get their wagon trains
through. But many teams
were delayed or stopped in the
drifts, and cattle and mules died
on the trail. The company lost
heavily and only recouped after
several profitable years.
In the late 70's the advent of
the Northern Pacific and other
railroad building broke up the
freighting business and the
partners dissolved the Dia-
mond r.
Life on the freight trails was
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29

ever it landed, the dirty, tousled
pilots Of the creaking, swaying
craft would wake the town with
their sonorous and melodious
warnings to their teams, punct-
uated continually with the
sharp spit of the pepper as it
landed on some poor, patient
brute's hide and jumped away,
responsive to the backward
swirl of the lash, deity i'm
parted by the expert 20 or 80
feet away. There were old fell
lows in those trains who had
never done anything else but
'whack bulls all their lives.
They had started in when the
Union Pacific was building
across the continent just after
the war, freighting to points
beyond, and when the railroad
took their job away they found
it again freighting from rail
points into the north, but final
ly the railroads had beaten
them back to this strip of No
Mans Land in the Yellowstone
valley; that the Indians had
held supreme control of until
a year Or two before. Here the
faded glory of the 'bu~ll-train'
was for a time restored and
here it vanished for good and
all. The mule-train, a compan-
ion picture, was never as in
teresting or as picturesque as
the bull-train. The mule
skinner rode a wheeler and
guided his team with a jerk
line. Any loafer could do that,
but it took an artist to pilot a
string of bulls along a side-hill
road with a top-heavy load and
the trail wagon pulling dead
against you. It was a dogs life
as far as the comforts and
amenities went. The menu
rarely went beyond black COT
fee, sour-dough bread and SOW
fried in a skillet in its
own grease thickened with
flour and of camp shelter there
was none for the men were too
tired at night to arrange any
but the most primitive protec-
ton and they pulled too early
IN the morning to do any
breaking camp Summer was
bad enough but the slow and
uncertain creep of a bull-train
on the road in winter was an
experience to be endured only
once by anyone but a real bull
whacker. Why he endured it
he probably could not explain
but there was possibly an ele-
ment of personal pride and am
in it that had its brief
display on the occasions men,
toned, when the train rolled
into town and the fine points of
the profession were shown. 1t
was a fleeing glory, though,
for an hour after the train had
been parked all hands were too
to tell their own names
and were swallowed up in the
swirl that eddied around the
Diamond r corner and by pure
centrifugal force were one by
one thrown off into the park
here to lie and sleep off the
empowering effects of the
lope they had taken aboard
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1921-current, 1922-10-29
Men Who B1it Carroll

The three partners who were
most active in the operation of
the great Diamond R company
and who established Carroll,
were among the outstanding
men of the Rocky Mountain
region half a century ago.
Matt CAROLS name has al