davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

crimes and punishmenas. as well
a. laying down court procedure.
IL in . volume of less than $50
pages.
Capital punishment 10 abolished
In Russia. except In cases Of
treason, and kindred offenses
against the government, which
are still being tried by special
revolutionary tribunals.
Our familiar constitutional guar.
antees are found in the code of
criminal procedure. The right
of the defendant to face his &C.
cusers. the right to bail, the right
Of speedy and public trial. and
the right to appear in person or
BY counsel are vouchsafed.
However, under the new regime,
the lawyers trade seems to have
dropped to its lowest ebb. Every
defendant In Q criminal case, no
matter how small. can call for
the services Of q public defender
or be represented by q member
Of his OWN family or an official
or fellow member Of his union.
But not by q paid lawyer.
In the trial Of civil cases,
lawyers still seem to have q look.
In. but admission to the bar 10
not . prerequisite to practice
even In civil cases. The lawyers
Of the old regime complain Of
Partially toward what they call
the RED Advocates" most Of
whom received their forensic
training In tho labor unions or a.
revolutionary agitators.
Less than Is per cent Of the
Judges Of the peoples courts are
lawyers. The Justices of the
court Of cassation. az well a. the
supreme court. however. are per-
sons earned in the law"
Mere technicalities are frewned
upon by the judges of the peoples
court, In q case which At.
tsaded, involving a large amount
q property, the presiding justice
esastaAtiy sseuks6 eas e IL
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
Streets Full of Dirt

The governmental functions q
sanitation and hygiene are feeble
to the point Of paralysis. The prin-
cipal streets Of Moscow are kept
clean by an army Of street cleaners.
mostly women. But the side
streets are full OF dirt.
The plumbing IN the buildings
is in poor condition. houses un-
painted and usually dirty within
and without.
Parsdoxicai a. n may appear.
the children and young folks IN
Moscow look much healthier than
they do In France or Germany.
Except for the street oegEars and
others extremely low In the social
strata, the people are cleanly IN
person, the men and women grace
fui IN carriage. and bright and
alert In appearsnce.
The Soviets declare that this
mighty experiment" In govern
ment. born In pain and sacrifice
unparalleled In modern history.
is q success: that theirs 10 an
enduring state. Their opponents
call it the "vivisection" OF q great
nation. for which nothing can
compensate.
The future must give the
answer.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
Many Nesp Libraries

More than $500 libraries have
been established In the country
since the revolution.
The large towns have technical
schools. musical conservatories and
the like. The local Soviets have
the right to elect q group Of stu
dents each year to these schools.
The terms are approximately six
months. At the end of each term
the students are returned to their
local Soviets and required to spend
a certain number Of months q
teachers. These SCHOOLS are frss
and the government furnishes the
student with food. clothing. living
quarters and books.
All Of the large cities have day
and night schools for adult educa-
tion.
In Moscow. news venders. yuuns
and old. male and female, are con-
stantly shouting extras Govern
ment printing offices run over
time printing posters and hand
bills covering every phase Of the
daily news
The Izbesta and Pravda are the
leading papers. both published by
the all-Russian executive commit
tee. In fact. everything II either
printed by the government or un-
der strict regulation. Even sdver-
tisements are censored.
There is no such thing a. free
'nm OF the press in Russia.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
Houp Conuicts Serve

In cases Of working men con
victed Of minor infractions Of the
law. and who have dependents,
II IL q common practice to allow
them to serve their sentences on
q sort Of an installment plan,
one week In pr son and the next
In the factory or workshop. At
their ordinary avocation. until the
sentence is fully served.
Bail is taken in money pledges
Of personal property or upon the
personal pledge of two fellow
members OF the defendants union.
Every worker. mechanic. laborer
or professional in the cities BE-
longs to some union.
The personal form Of bail seems
to be favored by the courts. One
Of the most intelligent 3udsss
with whom talked. an educated
lawyer Of the old regime. de-
clared, that Of the hundreds OF
misdemeanants who came bsfors
him. none had forfeited = personal
bond. The same Judge. now IN
out t-and-out Soviet. also frankly
admitted that the law was stili
being administered In the "'spdrit
Of the revolution" and that 4
worker or peasant had . much
better chance in court than .
higher up"
The peoples courtA are. a. q
rule, held In small rooms. plainly
furnished that look like q small
town magistrates court any place
In America
The courts Of cessation and ap-
peal occupy, rooms in the old
court houses Of the former gov.
ernnent In Moscew, and are move
deliberately equipped than some
of our higher courts.
The government seems to have
failed, as yet, to work cut any
logical and definite SYSTEM ef tax
attea. Psasaats pay taxes n tAs
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

the government seriously at
tackled the waterway problem,
and at least in the interior of
Russia. there il little evidence
Of accomplishment az yet.
A poorer system of roads and
highways than that existing in
Russia Is hardly conceivable.
The country apparently has
never had q national system.
Local efforts at road building
are likewise feeble. There are
few paved or improved highways
in Russia. Armies Of men and
women have been put to work
on the roads by the govern
ment. but this whole develop.
ment. 90 necessary to the life Of
a country, IL more backward
than in any country which I
have seen.
One Of the boldest adventures
Of the Soviet government was
the complete wiping out. root
and branch. Of the judicial sys-
tenn of the old order. To the
revolutionists, in control Of the
new government. 1t was 20
hateful that reforming 1t was
unthinkable. There is no Judge.
not a line Of judicial decision
nor q rule Of court procedure
taken from the pre-revolutionary
judicial system.
The sources Of judicial power
are derived from the constitution
Of the Russian Socialist Federated
Soviet Republic. New courts have
been established for It's interpreta.
ton, as well as for that Of the acts
Of the lawmalting bodies-the All
Russian Soviet Congress and the
All Russian Central Executive
Committee. The latter body sits
IN the Kremlin Palace a. Moscow
Just as our Congress does at Wash.
ington.
The courts. and their procedure,
are largely modelled after those Of
Germany and France.
EEs Dsepiss courts combine ~
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

jurisdiction Of all civil and crimi.
nal courts Of this country. below
those Of courts Of appeals. The
country 10 divided into judicial dis
tricts. each locality having it,
peoples courts. There are fifty.
five of these courts In Moscow
alone. Each court has a presid-
ing judge, with two associate
justices in small cases and six a.
sociate justices for the trial Of
persons charged with felony or
In civil cases involving lalSe
amounts Of property. These courts
have Jurisdiction in all sorts Of
cases. A case Of assault and bat.
terry may b followed BY the trial
Of civil suit involving the owner
ship Of property worth millions Of
rubles.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
Sweet Pea q Vegetable
Decides British Court
ny Univsrsai Service.

ny Cniveruaf Bervtce.
LONDON. Nov. %.
THE npsom magistrates have
pronounced the sweet pa 60
be q vegetable.
The verdict. which 10 evea
more staggering than the VIC
torian porter's On the tortoiss-
"Cats is oats. and dawss b
dawgs, but this ere tortoise b o
concluded . case IN
which Harry oarrard. q brick
layer, was summoned for steal
ing q "certain vegetable produc-
ton, to-wit, sweet peas, valued
q. o.. the property OF Hsary
Themas Wing. q local pcstmsn."
A sum m ems was brought
against qarrard last week for
theft from Wings allotment. but
q was dismissed, the magistrates
dseidias that 10 pick q flower
without resaeviag the plant w'as
net theft I'm esmMsa law, A new
sumrnsss was then issued under
the larceny act, which made n
an efseass 10 steal any vegetable
grewiRs In q garden.
IL sEas thea that the magis-
tratss decided that the sweet pea
belongs to the vssetsbis l<insdem,
and 0krrard was finsd 81
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
Women Real Workers

The roadbed and equipment of
the larger trunk lines are In
fair condition. Passengers can
travel from the border countries
to Moscow. Petrosrad, Kiev,
Odessa. and Nizhny Navorgorod
In comparative comfort. Section
hands. women tossing ties, tamp-
ing and spiking rails with men,
swarm the roadbeds of the big
railroads.
Every railroad center has side
tracks filled with reconstructed
locomotives, box cars and passen.
ger coaches, with hundreds under.
going repairs and construction.
But the towns and cities off
the main lines. even those as
large As Smolensk. which have to
depend upon subsidiaries or
branch lines, are cut off from
the balance of the country.
AAOdobCuS hclC ulldpludleQ.
the locomotives old and worn and
the equipment generally poor.
Efforts to reconstruct the rail-
roads are evident everywhere. but
it looks a monumental task, and
the industrial and agricultural
activities of Russia can never
even approximate efficiency with
out the rehabilitation Of the old
and building Of many new roads.
Transportation by water was
practically annihilAted during the
war and the revolutions which
followed. Water craft. many a.
large a. ocean steamers. are
lying In the harbors along the
Volsa river, and other great
waterways, in every stage Of
decay.
Not until this pax sunnse hss
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

A fierce blockade was thrown
around it-a veritable band OF
steel-wh ch isolated 4 from the
blance Of the world. But IN the
face Of all of this. the Wrangles,
penIksns, Yudenevitches and
others who led military move
ments, backed by illimitable re-
source in men and money. were
repulsed by this overnight" gov
ernment.
Notwithstanding the 'ghty ef-
forts to destroy. including an al
most successful attempt at his
assassination. Lenin today sits at
his desk. as chairman Of its COM
mittee Of commissars. the head
of the Soviet government. known
as the premier Of Russia, having
ruled longer than any revolution
ary leader except Cromwell.
All Of the governments Of the
world, save ours. either by for
NAL recognition. trade agreements.
or conferring with its minis
ters and plenipotentiaries. have
acknov dyed its authority to
speak for the people Of Russia.
So, with the remnant Of the
last White Army" in flight from
vladivostok. with their japanese
allies. it may be interesting to
consider some Of the things which
this five-year-old government has
Gone and failed to do.
II 1t is attempted to create =
oommunistic social structure on
the ruins OF the old government,
In this II failed.
The Agrarian question. since
1851. has overshadowed all others.
1t was the fundamental root cause
Of all past liberal movements and
revolutions
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

Of the real estate. a. In our ooun-
try.
improvements are not taxable
and can be removed or sold by
the owner. No land whatever
can be held out Of use for specu.
lative purposes Since the ad.
vent Of the New Economic
Policy" land Ii granted by the
government to individuals and
corporations for exploitat on by
hired labor. but the conditions of
labor are under strict regulation
by the government. and here. too,
a failure upon the part Of the
grantee to use the land auto
matically works a reversion to
the government.
The railroads and waterways
are In q deplorable condition.
They have never been adequate
to the needs of the country.
During the great war. and before
the revolution. they had reached
the point Of Generalization.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

when I was there. were fun Of ioag
lines of little children going 10 and
fro. -acoompenied'by their teachers-
II ID q common sisht In ths parin
Of Moscow 10 see classes Of hun
dreds Of children practscing caiss-
themes under the care Of teachers-
At one Of the schools In the out
skirts Of Moscow I met q former
premier dansuese Of the Metropoh-
tan Grand Opera Company Of New
York acting as physical director Of
a school containing q thousand
pupils.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
9 s. New York kaeIse.s

A STREET market In
IA Moscow. These open
air sales places extend for
miles. The expression Of the
woman seated denotes that
she has seen much better
days.
lawyers. who was Of the old
school. for his prelixity as well
as his resort to our time-honored
technicalities. The presiding
Judge, wearing a cotton tunic,
every few moments interjected
the Russian remarks fer You're
too long-winded." That's old
stuff" and the like. Neverthe-
less and Notwithstanding. I
seemed to preceive the hand and
brain Of our ancient profession.
slowly, but surely. working to-
ward dominance in its accustomed
haunts.
The highest penalty for crime
which can be inflicted in these
courts Is ten-year prison sentences.
There is no limitation Of jurisdic-
tion in civil causes.
Indeterminate sentences are pro-
vided with an elaborate proba-
tionary and parole plan with of.
ficers charged with carrying 1t
into effect.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
SCHOOLS RANK NEXT
TOMILITARY IN PLAN
WORKEDOUTBYLENIN

Government Controls All Sources Of Educa-
tion-Teachers Call Children in Morning,
and More Than $500 Libraries Have Been
Established Since Car Was 0VerthrOwn-
Young PespIe Appear Healthy and Alert.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
By PRANK p. WALSH.

w early spring of 1917 not only Russia, but the whole
w world, seemed to breathe a fervent amen An age
old auocracy buttressed all the embments of tyranny
seemed to fade away with scarcely boom of the big
guns which had blown away revolutionary movements back
TO the reign of Catherine the Great.
The great governments Of the world including own,
gave prompt and willing recognition to the govern
The press of the world diplomats, pubicists the
Individual the gave vocferous sanction to the
passing Of the Czart regime and welcomed the Kerensky
government place under the banners of democracy
On the morning of October 2, 1917 the Bolsheviss with
as little material opposition as the revolutionss encount
cred eight BEFORE seized control of the government
The Republic conceived and born in spirit of
violent hostility.
1t denounced at home a usurping government. 1t
was condemned and opposed armed violence by the old
conservatives the social revoluonists and anarchists in
their own groups and in combination with each other.
The initial which put it in power, seemed but
q disorderly riot. The moral forces Of the world
against it. public opinion at home and abroad denounced
it. Practically every civilized government declared it
Repeated counter revolutions assaled it Russia
Almost every country earth contributed vast
and thousands of soldiers in efforts to wreck it.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26
JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF
OLD REGIME WIPED
OUTBY REVOLUTION

B0lSheviSt 0vertum of 1917 Brought Violent
AntagoniStic Reaction In Allied Countries.
Denounced Abroad and at Home as USurping
Government, Ii Has Had Much to Overcome,
But Now II Appears to be Secure.
The Washington herald., 1922-11-26

N HIS Is the fourth and last Of series OF articles on
Russia by Frank p Walsh fresh from a vist to that
country in ,ohich he made thorough study Of con-
ditions As the first American asoyer to study labor and
economic conditions in all parts of Europe Mr. Walsh
Is especially ,ce qualified to discuss them from an inter-
national vie,cpoint Mr. Walsh joint chairman '0ith
former President Taft of the War Labor Conference
Board.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-03-09

There isl he said, "in this treaty
before us no provision for the use of
force by one notion against the 9TH
ers, or by others against the one;
there is not even a covert threat of
force. There is only an undertaking
of friends to talk over controversies
and adjust them in a spirit of amity
and brotherhood" = -
1--WE covet the possessions of no
one in the east; the lessons taught
us by our own experiences, as also
by the experiences of others, abund-
antly persuade us we want no fur
Their or greater territorial or govern
mental sponsibilities there; we
wish only the opportunity to develop
in. that region our trade and COM
merce peacefully and on an equality
with others, and with them to share
the great markets which in the future
that part of the world will afford.
Holding these views, is there any
reason why we should not make a
declaration, an engagement, to re-
spect the territories of others in the
far easto"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-03-09

oneers, and as civilization has eX-
tended and settlements have thick
ened they have gradually been driven
out and have become rare.
In parts of Maine the black bear
has found refuge in comparative
safety and is still able to make occa-
slonal raids upon farms in the woods.
But even there these animals are
becoming scarce, and although they
are difficult to hunt, it is likely that
the ever increasing number of hunters
who so each year to Maine will soon
kill them off unless they are protect
cd. To the inhabitants of certain
communities this would lie no mis-
fortune. But it is difficult to believe
that the damage done by the few re-
naming black bears warrants their
cXtirpation.
That there should be a permanent
~ closed season on black bears in
Maine, Just as there is in Pennsylva-
MA and some other states, is unnec-
essary. But that they should receive
the same protection as deer seems
only just. BOunties are survival of
the days of plentiful game. Even in
Maine those days have row passed.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-03-09
MT. VERNON

Mrs. Roy Carson s visiting friends
in Norwalk, Conn.
Mrs. Lyla Noyes has some to Bos-
ton
Mrs. Fred InSham is visiting friends
in New Hampshire.
Mrs. Anna Anderson has returned
from Portland. where she has been
visiting her son, Philip.
The Farm Bureau meeting held
here, March 8, was an interesting oc-
casion. The subjects under discus
sion and demonstration by County
Agent Day. were pruning and graft
ing apple trees.
For the women's division by Miss
Clark, it was food values.
Mt. Vernon Grange will hold an all
day session Thursday.
Will. Wentworth is very i'll, suf-
fering with partial blindness.
Alonzo Hail. mail carrier on Route
80, is on the sick list.
The funeral of Albert Childs, an
aged citizen, was held Tuesday.
Will Childs, the blacksmith, is Sc
riously i'll with pneumonia.
Mrs. Bailey and her two sons have
moved into the brick block owned by
Mr. Billings, the hotel proprietor.
+. w. Ryder, who lives on the
Littlefield place, had the misfortune
to lose a horse recently.
DR.. Holt will hold a quarterly con-
ference at the Methodist church We'd
nesday evening, March s.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-03-09
Searsport Pioneer
Loses His Barn

Searsport, Maine, March Son
Saturday afternoon a loose horse Its
face, neck and back still smouldeIing
with fire ran into Main stree: and
stopped in the village. No alarm
had been given but the mute ap-
zeal of the animal brought Oat
crowd of sympathetic folk who did
what they could for its comfort.
About fifteen minutes after the an
pearance of the horse word was
brought that the stable on The Isaac
Wallace farm had been burned and
a squad of volunteers were quickly
put in motion. they found the barna
total loss. Fortunately the wind was
blowing from the bay and the house
did not catch.
The origin of the fire is unknown
Mr.. Wallace was confined 10 inc
house by sickness and until nOtined
by a passing teamstcr did not know
OF his loss. The roof was then
mass of flames. The horse and one
cow had broken loose and escaped
" hen the door was opened. A gear
ling heller persisted and because o.
the depth of is burns the horse was
mercifully disposed of.
Mr.. Wallace has cleared in true
pioneer manner The little farm, add
ing a bit of land each year hy culu'
walton and thrifty used building ma
tcrial from various sources.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1922-03-09
TOWN ELECTIONS

CHINA-Selectmen, C. ~ Weber,
l.; II: R@cd. G. A. Jones: town clerk,
w; w. Washburn; treasurer and tax
collector. y. b. Jones: school commit
tee. H.: j.. Fuller; school superinten-
dent, t. l.. Toner Money appropriat
edi schools, 1915; highways. S7493:
support of poor, $500; other purposes,
Posts, s25
READFIELD-Se lectmen, c. A. COL
Inns. w. l.. Gorden, L. G. Palmer; town
clerk. A. II. Wilson; town agent. G.. A.
collins; treasurer and collector w, r.
Mace; school committee. r. G.. Cakes.
Money appropriated: Schools. s590O;
$1,000: street lights. $500.
CLINTON - Selectmen, MarcelIus
Cain. l.. P. Written, Earl Elliott: town
clerk. l. a. Harmon; treasurer and
tax collector. w NJ. Keene; school
committee, Llewellyn Decker. Money
appropr stisS; Schools. sl2.s6o; high
Memorial Day. $50; street lights, s4s4;
mothers pension. $50.
BuRNHAM-Selectmen, F.. A. Me-
Allister, *. A. -McAilister, l.. b. Rev
noids; town clerk. Daniel A. Dyer;
treasurer and tax collector. A. S. Wat
son; school committee, f. +. Sullivan.
Money appropriated: Schools, s4Il4,5G:
anyways k24S$: support of poor, 5000;
town charges. $1,000; town debt, 5000:
street lights, $50; interest. $500.
BELGRADE-Seleo Charles
Mills. Charles Chandler. Bert Kelley
town clerk. Geo. l.. Minot; treasurer
Herbert Thing; tax collector. l.. A.
bartlett; school committee. Clyde r,
Iiiison; sexton. J. Lawrence Minot.
Money appropriately: Schools, $7IIO;
highways, $500; town charges, $4,000.
When committee will present plans
and cost of new high school build
ing.
FAIRFIELD-Seloc L. s. BRAY,
Frank Lcmelin Jr, +. A. Covell: town
CLERK; W. J. Bradbury: treasurer, w.
bury; school committee. Merlin c. Joy.
Money appropriated: Schools, s27.S50:
highways. s15,512; support of poor,
$500; other purposes. $15,05s.55.
ETNA-selectmen. Perley E. Sylves-
ter, Marion II. Marston. Almond W.
Piper; treasurer, Geo. A. Friend: tax
collector. w. II. Graves; school COM
mittce. Agnes r. Sylvester. Money
appropriated: Schools, $1,000: high
ways. $1,000; support of poor, 5000:
other purposes. $3.50.
MONTVILLE-Annu town meet
ing hold Monday, resulted in the fol-
lowing elections to office: Moderator,
u. {: Garter: town clerk, NJ. NJ. Went.
worth; selectmen, assessors and over
secrs Of poor, +. a. Myrick. J. II. Bart
ictt, +. II. Bean: treasurer. X. w. How
ard; superintendent school committee
for three years, NJ. K. Rogers; collcc-
tor and constable. J. J. Clement; fire
warden, II. W. Giggey; road COMMITS
sioners, J. l.. Bean. q. s. Lowell. G. W.
Colby. Money appropriated was as
follows: Schools. s2S0o: poor $1,000;
town officers bills. 1900 highways and
bridges. $4,000; snow bills, 1921-1922.
$15t0: repair of school houses. $50:
school supplies. 500: incidental ex-
pcnscs. 5000: State aid road, S533: tut
tion. of scholars out of town, $500.
road patrol, $500; repair of tnwnhouse.
500. Total appropriated. $12,oS3.