davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-12-17
Facts About Fellowship Fund
Picked by Clemenceau for Aid

there are about thirty American hold
ers of fellowships in French universi-
ties today. Many more applicants
for fellowships than could possibly
be filled even were the entire cndow-
ment fund available are constantly
on hand, coming from practically
every state in the country.
The American field service won Tor
itself permanent place i'll the histories
Of France and the United States. 1t
was on French and Balkan battlef1elds
for about two and onc-half years before
the arrival of the American troops in
France: it had much to do with the
shaping of American public opinion con-
cerning the issues involved in the world
war, and 1t gave the American expedi-
tionary forces a small nucleus Of battle
trained officers and men.
The American field service was made
up Of volunteers. at one time numbering
more than 1000. 4 few saw service
in the first battle of the Marne in Sep
tember, 1914, and after that there was
hardly an important battle in which
they did not participate. In April, 1915,
this volunteer service was organized I'm
sections of twenty-five or thirty men
patterned after the regular ambulance
sections of the French army and in
corporated into the automobile service
of the French army. Each section
formed an integral part of Il French
army division and at one time thirty
four French divisions were dependent
practically all their sanitary transport.
In 1916 two sections We're sent with
French troops to the Balkans, and in
1917 500 additional volunteers were or
ganized in fourteen canton sections en-
gagged in the transport of ammunition
and military supplies.
Evening star., 1922-12-17

Considerable interest has been
aroused among members OF Congress.
prominent public officials and people
throughout the country in the Ameri-
can field service fellowships for
French universities since Georges
Clemenceau announced that he would
give the proceeds from lectures given
during his present tour of the United
States to this cause.
While more than 100 organizations
solicited contributions from Clemen-
ceau, this one, through Representa-
tive A. Piatt Andrew of Massachu-
sets, who is a vice president and
trustee, asked Mr.. Clemenceau not for
money but for his Endorsement. There
fore, Representative Andrew was most
agreeably surprised to read the
Tigers decision. He has been even
more surprised at the nationwide in
terest suddenly taken in the fellow
ships association. as he is now re-
ceiving a big batch of inquiries daily
from all parts of the country.
The organization is seeking to raise
an endowment Of $3,175,000 to provide
127 fellowships as a permanent
memorial to the 127 members Of the
American field service who gave
their lives and to promote mutual un-
derstanding and liking between
French and American youth; It Is
planned to name a fellowship in
memory of each of the 127.
Fellowships are awarded for ad-
vanced study in France to students
selected from American colleges. uni
yersities and technical establish
ments, and occasional fellowships for
French students in American univer-
stiles. About 100000 of the endow-
ment has been raised to date. and
Evening star., 1922-12-17
Foreign and Domestic Questions Compete
For Center of the Stage in Washington

of the Federal Reserve Board, and Eugene
Meyer, jr. managing director of the War Fl
nance Corporation, gave assurance OF the
sympathy of these two financial agencies OF
the government with the farmer and with the
extension of credits to him in the present
state of affairs Senator Capper of Kansas
brought promising reports of credit legis-
lation soon to be enacted.
X X X
The Senate committee on banking and
currency is working hard on farm credit
bill, seeking to compose the widely varying
differences of opinion as to what such
law should provide. The Senate committee
on agriculture reported Senator Norris bill
to provide $l00,O0O,000 government corpora
ton to finance the sale of agricultural prod
ucts
The principal object of the bill is to en-
able the farmer to dispose at once OF the
surplus of agricultural products to Euro
pean markets and to establish permanent
government corporation for marketing. 1t
would have the authority to operate govern
ment ships to carry the products oversee.
X X X X
It is noted as an anomaly that the
farmers bloc in Congress and farmers as
sociations outside are inimical to the ship
subsidy bill, while very insistent upon sub
sides for farmers, direct and indirect, and
vet if the merchant marine is allowed to
decay the farmers will be the first to come
under the tyranny and extortion of foreign
carriers.
X X X X
The ship subsidy bill is Hanging by its
eyelids" in the Senate. Its present place
as unfinished business is due to the fact that
the farm credit bill is not yet ready. When
it comes in, the ship subsidy bill will have
to fight for its life.
1t is the general belief that if vote
could be obtained now, the ship subsidy bill
would pass. It's friends hope that the
credits bill may be delayed long enough to
allow the other subsidy measure, the ship
subsidy BILL to reach vote.
Evening star., 1922-12-17
ny EDWARD A. FILENE.

"HERE will be no surety Of
steady work, no surety OF
steady profits. no surety OF
steady good business in Amer
lea until France is given guarantees
against possible attack by Germany
This is the conclusion which inten-
sive study OF the European situation
has forced upon me. 1 shall attempt
to marshal facts which I believe Will
show both the necessity and possi-
bility of obtaining these guarantees,
and that through our country we can.
without pledGing ourselves to send
n single soldier overseas, secure the
necessary pledges Of help to France
in case of attack. which will. In turn,
open the only Immediately practical
road to prosperity and peace for the
world.
For time after the armistice the
supplying of the imperative needs OF
our own people and of Europe kept
our factories busy and made a mar
ket for our farm products. Just now
the irresistible demand for more
houses and for the long-delayed re-
pairs of buildings. railroads and pub
lie works. the replenishing of stocks
by our merchants and the export OF
some of our food products and es-
sential raw materials, that cannot be
bought elsewhere. are again speeding
up production in mines and factories
But the productive power of our
mines, farms and factories greatly
exceeds home consumption. Just as
the weakness of the disordered Eu-
ropean market resulted in 1920 In an
Inevitable slump in exports that
threw millions of men out of employ
ment and brought keen distress to
every farmer, so it will continue to
operate.
Conditions in Europe have for sew
eral years been steadily going from
bad to worse until they have become
extremely dangerous. The situation
has been closely approximated that
was foretold by Ambassador Page in
a letter to President Wilson in March.
1917. when he predicted that the
world will be divided into two hem
ispheres. One OF them, our own, will
nave tne Solu anu INC SoiiiiiouieieS'
the other, Great Britain and Europe,
will need these commodities. but will
have no money with which to pay
for them" 1, myself. ventured to
predict such a situation more than
two years ago, when 1 said: UNLESS
Europe can regain its feet and re-
sumo production on normal basis.
her entire economic structure is
threatened. An unstable Europe can
not absorb American exports and the
results of this continued instability
will be felt in the United States in
unemployment, social unrest and hard
times"
Evening star., 1922-12-17
A Nice Question.

WILL the La Toilette ultra-progres-
w sives do more harm than good?
It is a nice question; possibly by paint
ing any liberal proposition red La Fol-
lette's followers will mako it easier for
the timid conservatives to vote against
any proposition supported by the La
Toilette group. But. on the other
hand, by getting back of merely lib
eral measures and furnishing an un-
terrified group that will stand for those
measures though the heavens fall, the
La Toilette group may perhaps put
fear into the heart Of the timid con-
seryatives and SO get their support.
These are serious questions. Progress
is, after all, up to the majority. and
the majority is your timid conserva-
tive, who would like to be more con-
servatiye-if he dared to be. How to
Evening star., 1922-12-17

to impassioned bursts of
praise or denunciation. He
could no more write a rip -snorting
message after the Rooseveltian model
than he could spin on his toes. He
could no more write one of those
repressed Wilsonian essays on the
philosophy of life than he could sing
flee nearly two years and no one
seriously considers him an incorrigi-
BILE reactionary, yet by no stretch of
the imagination could he be called a
liberal. He never truckles to the evi-
dent public opinion Of the moment.
yet it is obvious that the thing called
Wall street does not control him.
They have little taste for him in Wall
street and less than mono in the pre-
cincts of radicalism.
He is Harding and no more. His
message last week calling for two
amendments to the Constitution in
the face of apparent conservative dis
taste at any amendments was typical
of him. His gentle crack at the enc
mics of the Volstead act. his demand
for a railroad law of the type that
might have been hailed as drastic in
1918, his handling of the farm credit
proposition. in effect indorsing the old
populist subtreasury scheme. the
whole gentle tenor of his recommen-
dations revealed kindly. quiet, dis
passionate gentleman. who is tre-
mendously worried and too polite to
show 1t.
A rather unusual man for tumultu-
GUS times he is, this unruffled gentle
man who sits amidst the shock Of
battle between the two wings of two
parties, and who muses. sweetly while
the fire burns. What a salamander
he is. Maybe one-termer. but the
kind of a man who would walk into a
fiery furnace with Shadrach, Meshack
and Abednegs and offer them a light
off his own match
This program indicates one sure
thing: We shall not have that year
of peace which some Of the brethren
on our right felt that they were en-
titled to a few weeks ago. The Presi-
dents message will make a noise like
a boiler factory when it gets into the
confessional mill.
Evening star., 1922-12-17
''AS l SEE IT, %
By William, Allen White.

get him is the progressive statesman's 8
problem. Shall he be fooled or coaxed
or scared to death? Lenroot and his
type would fool and hoax the timid
conservative La Toilette and his gropj
would scare him into fits.
Either method should have the bless
ing of the true patriots-when it wins.
After all, in politics, it is success that
counts.
Evening star., 1922-12-17
HOLDS FRANCES SAFETY
BIG WORLD NEED TODAY
Would Have United States Join in
Guarantees, Without Pledge of
Armed Force.

Editors note: Mr.. Filene Is n BOSTON
business man with a national acquaintance
and reputation, and was rne OF the
founders Of the Chamber OF Commerce OF
the United States. He has been an e1-
tensive traveller in Europe and. being
close and intelligent observer, his con-
clusions are worthy Of more than ordinary
attention
Evening star., 1922-12-17
France Cannot Allow Germany to
Work.

NJ. Louis Louchere, minister OF mu-
nitions In the Clemenceau cabinet
and of liberated regions after the
armistice, on November z, declared
publicly. amid the applause of the
chamber of deputies. what another
cabinet minister of France told me
privately two years ago. He said,
in effect. that IN these days. when
Industrial power is the chief basis OF
military power. France cannot allow
Germany to regain her industrial
power so long as France is not as
sured Of support against the possible
use Of that industrial power as mill
tary power. That means that France
cannot, in the absence of guarantees.
AFFORD to allow Germany to work
steadily enough to pay indemnities
and that she actually Is not allowing
It. It means. also, that fndemnities
not being paid. France cannot balance
her budget. cannot stabilize her cur
xency, cannot adopt an international
Evening star., 1922-12-17

Note.-In publishing this ar
ticle by the brilliant editor OF
the Emporia Gazette The Star
does not necessarily indorse the
views he expresses. But Mr..
White brings to the discussion
of current events fertile mind
and an entertaining style. and
a discriminating public will
place it's own valuation upon
the opinions he advances.
Evening star., 1922-12-17
Danger to American Business and
PrOsper rity.

Any improvement in American busi-
ness. under present conditions, can be
only temporary. Inability to export our
surpluses, which normally average about
20 per cent of the products of farm.
mine and factory. will keep the prices
of our products close to or even below
the cost OF production and lead to super
competition among manufacturers and
merchants that will reduce profits to
the vanishing point. compel the lowering
of wages to a degree that careful en-
ployers would not otherwise attempt.
and lead to strikes and lockouts. with
their inevitable brood Of social and
political troubles.
Only reconstruction Of the European
market can prevent continued and
growing distress of American farmers
and American workingmen. This re-
construction cannot come about until
European currencies are stabilized and
European budgets are balanced. 1t is
now apparent, even to the uninitiated.
that neither Of these can be done with
out foreign loans. the most OF which
American investors and bankers must
supply. These loans cannot be MADE
until troubles arising out of non-pay-
ynent of German indemnities are settled
and the danger of new wars removed.
After three years Of European expert
menting with secondary causes. all men
who have access to the facts Of the sit
uation, no matter how conservative they
may be, at last are seeing and declaring
that neither indemnities nor threatened
wars can be dealt with effectively unless
Franco is given guarantees against at
tack-guaranties that will convince the
French people that they may at last
safely turn their attention from military
safeguards against Germany, reduce
their army and military budgets. give
their undivided attention to economic
reconstruction. and allow Germany and
the rest of Europe to do the same.
Evening star., 1922-12-17

The Crack In American Civilization.
TOR a generation following the civil
war in America. politics was an
indoor vocation devoted chiefly to
looking after infant industries. The
manufacturer faced European COM
petition. and claimediwith much rea-
son that unless he was protected he
would go down in defeat. American
labor also seemed to need protection,
and got 1t along with the manufacture
er in our various tariff schedules. The
tariff no longer is much OF an issue
in American politics. and now prom
ises to pass into the hands Of COM
mission along with the railroad rates
and competition in business.
The breakdown In our civilization
today is agriculture. 1t is on the
rocks. The farmer is not making a
living. Ever since the white man
landed in Americs free land has been
available until this generation. Now
the young farmer who wants land
has to buy it or inherit it. He can
not go a few hundred miles west and
get It for nothing. So interest for
the first time has become q universal
factor in agricultural production.
And the American farmer cannot
pay high interest and make a living.
And his situation has produced the
revolt in our politics. The so-called
radicals come from farmer states. The
progressives come from farmer con-
stituencies. Excepting Ohio. Indiana
as important as agriculture, every
northern state in the rural west has
sent to the Senate a man whose views
are shocking to the staid and con-
servative members from the indus
trial areas, or If the radical has not
yet got into the Senate, he is in the
state house Of the agrarian west. And
the movement has only begun.
Tho farmer is the heart of our pros
perity. The farmer is our best citizen.
He has been always a bulwark of
conservatism. But now he is angry.
rampant and implacable in his demand
for justice. And he is asking only for
Justice. He works hard. He uses
modern machinery-for which he has
to go into debt-cultivates his soil
with scientific intelligence and still
he Is on the wrong side Of the ledger
And the more machinery, the more in
telligence he uses. the deeper is his
debt, and the more hopeless his condi-
tion.
faxn T.
manifesting itself in farm blocs and
radical groups and tax-cutting legis-
latures. will not be put OF with prom
ises. The tantalizing insult of a
farmers emergency tariff will not
stop the movement among our rural
population for relief. La Toilette may
be mild and healing compromise
compared with the boots and whis-
kers that will blow into Washington
II La Follette's plea Is unheeded. Ship
stead, Brookhart, Frazier, Norris and
the leaders Of the revolt today are Of
fering reasonable solutions for the
problem. But when the farmer gets
angry he will not be reasonable. And
the farmer still holds control of ma
jority in Congress and can elect a
President.
He has been educated to expect
moro of life than the peasant Of the
mid Victorian days expected. He
wants all that the town man has. all
that the country doctor, the country
merchant the country lawyer or
country banker enjoys in the way Of
comfort, luxury and education for his
lContinued on Third Page.l
Evening star., 1922-12-17

privilege and the organized liquor
traffic.
Day by day in every way the folks
are edging up into the control Of The
country "by the people and for the
people," and that the people may not
perish from the earth. We have come
a long way in ten years. and We are
still on the move.
Evening star., 1922-12-17
"Day by Day I'm Every Way"

A CONSTITUTIONAL amendment
n seems to be before Congress pro-
viding for the direct election OF the
President and for the assembling OF
CONGRESS early in January after each
election, instead OF nearly a year
later. This amendment is in line with
all the recent amendments to the Con-
stitution, in that 1t places moro power
in the hands Of the average man,
makes his opinion and his vote count
for more than it counts today. makes
it easier for his views to be regis
tered in government
Under the present status when a
year elapses between the election OF
a Congress and its meeting the con-
servative will tell you that passions
have time to COOL" which is true.
Also with the old defeated Congress
in session three months the Presi-
dent has an opportunity to force leg
islation upon the republic by buying
the lame ducks with offices. 1t Is a
question whether or not the danger
Of a passionate republic having its
way in legislation is worse than the
danger of the lame duck market in
the halls of Congress subverting the
expressed will Of the people.
At any rate. the pending amend
ment would put more power in the
hands of the individual voter, bring
government nearer to the people. and
take out of the machinery of govern
ment the power Of sinister privilege
to buy. beg or steal legislation which
public sentiment has condemned in an
election.
The last four amendments to the
Constitution have been leveling
amendments. taking from organized
wealth privileges that 1t had IN the
election of senator's, in a restricted
suffrage, the political power Of un-
checked and untaxed incomes. and,
lastly, breaking the alliance between
Evening star., 1922-12-17
Wearing the Last Victory.

n Asst week a serum was developed
l. and demonstrated which will check
gangrene. The same day the first sue
cessful use OF 'insulin'' for diabetes
was made in America. and a sixteen
year-old boy. who ordinarily would have
been considered incurable. was relieved.
How fast we are moving from victory
to victory over material things toward
that last great victory!
Along comes a man. now that we
are getting the best Of disease. who has
invented a machine by which We can
see as we'll as hear across the world
by radio. The longer We live the more
there is to live for. A fine old world
1t is.
And wouldn't it be a shame II this
was the end Of IT. How the lads and
lassies who have gone before must
enjoy sitting on the clouds above. look
ing down at the spectacle we are put
ting on here below. And they have
the sweet comfort of knowing that they
don't have to leave the show in the
middle OF the act. They have box seats
for the whole performance and the fire.
works in the evening-and what fire.
works they will be to be commensurate
with the performance:
Evening star., 1922-12-17
The World stake in a Secured France.

r
Growing decentralization. which Is
forcibly shown by the financial edi-
tor Of the Manchester Guardian as
painful thing that he met with every
where on q recent visit to Germany
a growing lack of morale even in
small things. a growing ineff1ciency,
feeling that it didn't matter
whether or not a thing got done
would be checked and recovery be-
gun, 1 feel certain, If France were
given guarantees that, by taking
away her fear of attack, convinced
her that she could afford to let Ger
many begin to resume her normal
political and business activities. For
cign Minister Walter Rathenau,
agreed with me, on one occasion, that
1 would do a great service for the
peace of the world II could help
France to get her guarantees SO that
questions at issue between the two
countries could be dealt with on their
merits rather than under the motive
of fear and in the determination to
keep Germany from producing freely.
An interview gave one of the Berlin
papers last summer recommending
that the Germans should urge on
other nations the necessity Of guar
anteeing the security of France was
favorably received. I have reason to
believe, therefore, that such guaran-
ties would be more than welcome to
far-seeing Germans. as the immedi-
ately practical means Of releasing
their country from the jaws of the
wise that is squeezing out its life.
It is fairly apparent to everybody.
suppose. that the final decision as
to whether there is to be militaris-
tic world or a peaceful. working
world during the life Of this genera
ton and the next. depends upon the
relations between France and Ger
many. Until reparations arc fixed and
in the process of being paid and until
it has become certain that these CEN
Evening star., 1922-12-17
What rhi. Mean. to America.

It Is a feeling Of grave concern
over the future of the world and OF
our own land, and Of personal re-
sponsibility therefor that Is causing
Americans who know the facts to
sound the tocsin of alarm in the ears
of their countrymen. 1t was such
feeling of concern and responsibility.
1 doubt not, that induced the Grand
Old Man Of France to leave his quiet
retreat by the sea and come over
here for a heart-to-heart talk with
America.
r without attempting to criticize our
own country for not having taken
its proper share Of responsibility for
stabilizing Europe and controlling the
near east, a consideration of the facts
forces me to the conclusion that II
the United States had made 1t pos
sible for France to get the necessary
guarantees the Turk would not today
be forcing his demands on a dis
tracted Europe. Treaty readjustments
would have been agreed upon. trade
would be resuming its normal pro-
portions and Conditions at home
would not present the grave outlook
that they now bear.
We Americans pride ourselves on
our ability to deal practically with
our problems. This task of helping
the world to recover from the ef-
fects of the greatest shock Of his
tory is the most serious we have to
face-perhaps the gravest we have
ever had to face. No internal prob
lem compares with it in importance.
An observer of nationwide reputa-
ton has interpreted the November
elections as showing that our foreign
policies are no longer involved in
partisan politics. Let US hope that
he is right, for this is q time when
We should see clearly and act wisely.
There are two realities in the sit
uation, two potent facts to be faced
In determining what America can and
should do in tho performance Of to-
days duty.
I. In view Of our traditional policy
Of isolation and nonintervention it Is
not probable that the United States
will Immediately agree. in advance,
to send troops to Europe under given
contingencies.
2. On account Of the extraordinary
need Of tho Industrial nations Of Eu-
rope for markets they will quite GER
CONTINUED on Third Page.l