Evening star., 1922-11-19
BY THOMAS n. MARSHALL,
Former Vice President Of the Uaitea
States.

0tWtS0s
ill.,; f: :::: :'. :: !; :;
remained in that body
q few gentlemen Of the old school,
who were deeply impressed with
the dignity and responsibility Of
their high ofice. Tho amenities
Of debate were strictly observed
by them. Principles alone were
discussed and by no possible
stretch Of Imagination could any
one conceive these fine-minded
men attacking the honor Of a
state or impugning the motives Of
q fellow senator. Among the num-
Der was the distinguished A. O.
Bacon. He had card which
read: Augustus octavius Bacon.
q senator from the sovereign state
Of Georgia, in the Senate of the
United States" When ho passed
away, lamented by all OF US. I
had little hope that I would ever
again uCAE VI Su0 Ch6u 0S~S0
of Georgia or Of any other sover-
eign state.
However pessImistic we may be-
come, we should never forget that
II there be a real principle. al
though 1t may be submerged un.
dor the debris OF a destroyed gov
ernment or lost to sight in the
hurrying rush Of onward move
ment. still 1t will eventually re-
appear to vex or bless mankind.
There was a time Of controversy
between Massachusetts, and South
Carolina. AS l remember 1t. the
controversy had much to do with
the sovereignty Of the state and
the supremacy Of the federal gov
ernment Starting with Hayne
and Webster. 1t only ended with
Grant and Lee at Appomattox.
ing under a somewhat general as
sumption that II the federal gov
ernment be supreme in delegated
power. that power can be SO con-
0trued as to make 1t supreme over
all questions involving whatever
may be thought by the represents
tives of the people to be the sub
5ect Of general welfare to the
whole United States Of America.
+ + + X
Some Of US who never consented
that the surrender of Lee ended
forever the doctrine Of states
rights, and for all time to come
invested the general government
with supreme authority. were
heartened by the action Of the
state Of Massachusetts In attack
ing the constitutionality Of the
Sheppard-Towner maternity law.
This was a significant occurrence
in our national life. Whether
Massachusetts, thought at the close
terly destroyed the states right
theory Of South Carolina. do not
know, but. II so, Intervening legis-
lation must have convinced her
that perhaps after all the general
government is one OF delegated
and limited powers. and that the
state possesses certain rights
which the general government Is
bound to respect.
The civil war ended slavery and
secession, but the states, or the
people thereof. retained and still
retain all rights not expressly dele
gated to the general government
by the original Constitution and
its amendments. Hence, the Joy
with which some of US welcomed
the petition which Massachusetts,
fled In the Supreme Court In ques-
tion of the validity OF the ma
ternity act. 1t called sharply to
the attention Of the American peo-
pie the way In which usurped fed
eral authority Is being invoked by
the general government.
X X X +
The petition properly discloses
that this particular bit of legisla-
tion makes appropriations for OBJ
jects which are not national. but
local. and that in order to induce
the several states Of the Union to
close their eyes to its local char
Acter the legislation extends to