Five Mile Beach weekly journal., 1922-02-10
III

Let us, then, consider some Of the
farmers grievances, and see how far
they are real. In doing so, we should
remember that, while there have 6een'
and still are, Instances Of purposeful
abuse, the subject should not be ap-
preached with any general imputation
to existing distributive agencies OF de-
liberately intentional oppression, blu
rather with the conception that the
marketing Of farm products has not
been modernized.
An ancient evil, and a persistent
one, is the un~dergrading Of farm prod
ucts, with the result that what the
farmers sell as Of n quality Is re-
sold as of a higher. That this sort of
chicanery should persist on any i'm
portant scale In these days Of busi-
ness integrity would seem almost in
credible, but there is much evidence
that it does so persist. Even as l
write, the newspapers announce the
suspension Of several firms from the
New York Produce Exchange for ex-
porting to Germany as No. 2 wheat a
whole shipload of grossly inferior wheat
mixed with oats, chaff and the like.
Another evil is that Of inaccurate
Weighing of farm products, which, 1t
is charged, is sometimes a matter OF
dishonest intention and sometimes of
protective policy OF the part of the
local buyer, who fears that he may
weigh out" more than he weighs In"
A greater grievance is that at pres
emit the field farmer has little or no
control over the time and conditions
of marketing his products, with the
result that he is often underpaid for
his products and usually o~vercharged
for marketing service. The differ
ence between what the farmer re-
ceives and what the consumer pays
often exceeds all possibility of justi-
hcation. To cite a single illustration.
Last year, according to figures attest
ed by the railways and the growers,
Georgia Observation-Disclosures received
on the average rs cents for a melon,
the railroads got 1877 cents for carry
ing it to Baltimore and the consumer
paid one dollar, leaving 1913 cents for
the service Of marketing and its risks,
as against POP cents for growing and
transporting. The hard annals of
farm-life are replete with such COM
mentaries on the crudeness of pres
ent practices.
Nature prescribes that the farmers
goods" must be finished within two
or three months of the year, while
financial and storage limitations gen.
orally compel him to sell them at the
same time. AS a rule, other industries
are in a continuous process of finish
ing goods for the markets; they dis
tribute as they produce, and they can
curtail production without too great
injury to themselves or the commu.
nifty; but If the farmer restricts his
output, it is with disastrous conse.
quences, both to himself and to the
community.
The average farmer Is busy with
production for the major part Of the
year, and has nothing to sell. The
bulk of his output comes on the mar
ket at once. Because of lack Of stor
age facilities and of financial support
the farmer cannot carry his goods
through the year and dispose of then
as they are currently needed. In the
great majority Of cases, farmers have
to entrust storage-in warehouses anC
elevators-and the financial carryins
of their products to others.
Farm products are generally mar
keted at a time when there is a con
gestion Of both transportation anC
inance-when cars and money ar,
scarce. The outcome, in many In
stances, Is that the farmers not onl,
sell under pressure, and therefore a
a disadvantage, but are compelled t,
take further reductions in net returns
in order to meet the charges for tn
service Of storing, transporting, financ
ing, and ultimate marketing-whicl
charges they claim, are often exces
sive, bear heavily on both consume
and producer, and are under the cor
troll Of those performing the services
1t is true that they are relieved O
the risks Of a changing market b
selling at once but they are quite will