Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1922-12-27

40" save TIE rTenCn TO understand
fhat. though Britain could not approve
Of military measures against Germany,
she would not actively oppose them L.
the Germans defauted in the repara-
tons payments due in January. The
conference adjourned TO meet in Paris
on january 2 and Premier Poncare
animated that he might be satisfied
with milder measures. About this
time it was stated in Washington that
The United States was looking for a
way to help out Europs without en-
tangling herself in alliances, but moth
ing definite was suggested and Eu-
rope was skeptical.
On April 10 an economic and finan-
cial conference, called by the allied SUI
pfeme council, opened in Genoa. Ger
many and Russia were invited to par
tlclpate, under certain restrictions, but
soon after the sessions began the dele
gates of those two nations concluded
treaty canceling their war debts and
the treaty Of Brest-Litovsk and estab-
fishing full diplomatic relations. Sur
pr1sed and angered, the great powers,
despite the protests of the neutrals.
barred the Germans from further par
ticipatiOn In the discussion of Russian
affairs, which was the most important
subject before the conference then.
The allied nations offered to give fnan-
cial aid to Russia under certain condi-
tiOns, but Belgium refused to agree to
this and day or two later the French
withdrew their assent, charging that
Lloyd George was practicing trickery
to gain control of the Russian oil
fields. Meanwhile the soviet delegates
were making such excessive demands
that the uselessness Of further negotia-
lions became evident and the confer
ence adjourned after adopting an eight
months truce with Russia.
Mustapha Renal Pasha and the
Turkish nationalists, who had disa-
vowed all the doings of the Turkish
government at ConstantinOple, spent
the summer in secretly preparing for
great offensive against the Greeks In
Anatola. They opened the attack on
August % and took the enemy COM
pletely by surprise. Within one week
the Greek armies had been routed
and driven back to Smyrna and other
coast positions and Athens was asking
for an armistice and agreeing to get
out of Asia Minor Kemal occupied
SMYRNA on September 9 and five days
later large part of the city was de.
strOyed by flames. At first the Turk
ish troops were blamed for this, but la
ter developments indicated the confia-
grafton was started by the t1eelng
Greeks and by lOOters. Great Britain,
which had been sponsor for the Greek
venture in Asia Minor, was alarmed
by the expressed intention Of the ma
tionaliSts to take possession OF COnStan-
tinOpe and the rest of the old Turk
ish empire and she called on her do
miniOns and France, Italy, Serbia. Ru-
mania and Greece to join her In the
defense of the Dardaneles. France,
which had been giving aid and comfort
TO the Turks, and Italy objected TO
military operations against the kemai-
lists. and some Of the British domin-
ions were noticeably cool. However,
Britain hurried reinforcements to her
land and naval forces in the Near East
and let the Turk and the world know
that she would act alone II necessary.
The allies on September % invited
the nationalist to peace conference,
agreeing to return to them Constanti-
NOBLE. AdrianOple and eastern Thrace
In return for the guaranteed freedom
~ insisted
Russia must be included, and the allies
agreed that the soviet government
should participate in settlement or the
question Of the DardHneleS. After sew
eral trying days, when war seemed al
most unavoidable, the allies and ma
tiopaIiSts met at Mudani8 on October
to arrange an armiStice. A week la
ter a protocol was signed providing for
the evacuation of eastern Thrace by
Greece within IS days and its delivery
TO Turkey within 45 days, and, yield
,nr to the KemaliSts the civil control
of Constantinople pending peace con-
ference. This conference opened In
Lausanne. Switzerland, November 70,
with the prospect of being long in ses-
sion. Inc Culltu STATES u~NAiHSA 1000
narticfpation, but sent Ambassador
Child Minister Grew and Admiral Bris-
fol to guard the interests of America
and Americans, these being especially
In connection with the oil fields OF
Mosul. The conference had TO deal
with the frontiers Of the Turkish state,
moth i'm Europe aud in Mesopotam1a,
where the oil fields are located, and
with the control of the straits and the
safeguarding of the Christian minori-
ties in Turkey. BY the middle OF De-
cember the conferees were well on the
wav to agreement, Turkey had prom
ised to join the League of Nations as
soon as peace was signed, and the
treaty was in process of being drafted.
On MAY Is the conference to settle
the old Tacna.Arica dispute between
Chile and Peru opened in Washington,
and in due time came to successful
conclusion, adopting compromise
nlan suggested by Secretary Hughes,
Colombia and Venezuela settled their
nonndary dispute on April 8. Esthonia,