davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1922-09-17
ME Italian political philosopher.
Guglielmo. Ferrero, takes an
extremely pessimistic view Of

he itaIian pontlcai philosopher,
Guglelmo Ferrero, takes an
extremely pessimistic view Of
the>future Of Europe. Writing
in II Secolo OF Milan. he says:
"One evening In 1919 while peace
was being discussed in Paris. I was
invited to dine with the representa-
tive of one of the small allied states.
During dinner We talked about the
reparstions.
"'The reparations, I said. will be
the tragedy of the peace. Justice de-
mands them. but there is nothing to
enforce them. This is one Of the
many illusions of victory; and it is
not the least distressing. For many
years the people of Europe will dis
cuss with evaporation their right.
which is just as sacred as it is i'm
possible. There is no greater tor
ment than to recognize a right and
not be able to enforce it. Whole
peoples will have to submit to this
torment
Protests ms to Rights.
81 shall never forget the silence
after this speech. Only those who
have breathed the air of congress
can have an idea Of it. The hostess
alone, lady of great intellect, dared
to break the silence when nobody
spoke. Then. one after the other
the guests began to protest. One
related that the Germans had plum
dered his castle. another that the
Bulgarians had robbed his cattle;
third that the Hungarians had
sacked his houses and lands Ire
futable arguments Of Justice, and that
was doubtful: that justice has also
the power to assert itself.
THE substance of the reparations
discussion Is very simple; it amounts
to this: England can well say that
all the sanctions proposed by
France, or other powers, as condi-
tions for the moratorium to Ger
many. are difficult to exact. Of doubt
full result, and not without danger.
But France is irrefutable when she
answers that sanctions are necessary
because without sanctions the respite
is remission. Germany will pay
nothing more.
Collecting Big Problem.
The antithesis Of the two adver-
saries is partly right and partly
wrong, il is the indication of state
of things which, from a human point
Of view, seems almost desperate. The
repara,ions are an organic part of
the peace as men imagined and made
it in 1919. The whole system of
peace falls to pieces if Germany does
not pay; and Europe is virtually re-
duced to a condition OF war because
the treaties failing in such vital parts
are no longer complete. But 1t is use
less to have illusions. To make Ger
many pay. other means must be
found than forfeits of customs and
forests. The entente should take
over the administration of the en-
pire. But this is not possible, be
cause each country has great trouole
to govern itself: because the people
yesterday the strongest in the world,
would not submit to protectorate'
and because. in spite of appearances
Germany really is ruined.
1--WE have taken the habit OF at
tributing Germany's desperate con-
ditions to the peace. But the truth
Evening star., 1922-09-17
CURE FOR RUIN OF WAR
NOT in FALSE PROMISES
Italian Philosopher Holds Europe Must
Face Truth and Expect to Suffer =. %,
for Generations.

is rather that Germany was ruined
by the war-this prodigious, sense
less, Herculean war. which she mace
at her own cost or nearly.
1.-THE entente states made war
partly with neutral money. Eng
land and America sold corn, petro-
leum. coal. cotton. iron and maritime
transport at high prices and with
this money they were able 10 pay
in part the cost of the war and MAKE
loans to the allies. which until now
at leas. have been really gifts, be-
cause they have paid no interest.
This aff1ux of foreign wealth is one
of the many causes why the entcnse
states until now have felt less the
impoverishment of war: that a fe"
in these countries have been able TO
get rich without the poor feeling Ii
excessively Things would very soon
change if we were obliged to pay our
debts.
Germany Ruined by War.
Germany had TO pay the whole war
and help her allies out OF her own
pocket. So the war ruined her.
This ruin of the people. which be-
gan on the day war was declared, has
lasted for eight years and will still
continue for time. The general un-
certainty Of things can only increase
the distress. fhe people and the gov
ernment are precipitatIng toward
ruin a moratorium would only bring
apparent allevia tion because the III
is much older and deeper.
And what then? We must wait
and see Many conferences will take
place and projects be made before the
real German crisis com :s. The fali
Of the monarchy was only ihe short
prologue of a tragedy which VIII
N
risk all its fortune. all its capital,
all it's hopes in prodiSious war OF
four years which would have ruined
it even if it had been victorious and
lose il into the bargain. and then
imagine they can appaase fate by
sending few kings and princes into
exile. A thorough regeneration IS
necessary but il is difficult to bring
this about without a previous and
enormous upheaval.
In Footsteps of Russia.
crisis like Russia. Afterward
Europe will perhaps be able TO see
more clearly into the future and be-
! gin to settle down again. No one
can foresee what this crisis will be.
but 1t will certainly shake he whole
of Europe with its near and distant
repercussions.
"Nationalism and Imperialism as
| the nineteenth century understood
| it; the army prepared by Germany
after 1870. on the military princi-
pies of the French revolution: the
/ socialist doctrine applied to EusSla-
= all these have ruined Europe. Two
or three generations are necessary 10
reconstitute what has been destroyed
| in eight years-wealth. governments.
order. This is the truth: all else is
illusion. rhetorical exercises. words.
But when the governments and peo-
pie begin to understand This truth
they turn their heads to believe i;os-
sips and quacks who promise them
happiness tomorrow.
so much the worse for them. The
revolt of vanity and interests WIN
not change destiny. Peoples and gov
ernments. if they do not wish to
| perish. must return to truth. And
| the more they resist the more viii
events force their senseless obsti-
macy"
Evening star., 1922-09-17
Industrial Courts--Their Futility and Failure

most aggravated form of slavery.
The Kansas law attempts to deal
with workers as though workers
were no more than material OF manu-
facture, without human attributes and
without human rights.
The law in Kansas demands that
workers remain at work. no matter
what their grievance; no matter how
dissatisfied they may be with the
terms and conditions under which
they are required to work. To cease
work in Kansas is to commit a crime
punishable by fine and Imprisonment.
The whole success Of democratic life
lies in voluntary agreement and ac-
quiescence in making the laws and
rules under which our collective life
is to be lived. The whole principle
underlying the Kansas law is one of
coercion and repression. In principle
the whole idea is fundamentally un-
sound and in practice it is an utter
failure.
The whole theory upon which the
Kansas law was proposed and is
based was that it would effectualiy
prevent strikes. II it does not do that
then it entirely fails of Its avowed
object. In every case where a similar
law Is proposed the principal argu-
ment Is that it will prevent strikes
or stoppages of work. The great hue
and cry ts for continuous operation
Of industry. What a magnificent op-
portunity for the art of great
satirist!
Free Hand for Employer.
We have gone through a winter
when not less than 100000 Of work
ers were compelled to be idle through
no fault Of their own. We have wit
messed breach Of contract on the
part Of organized mine owners. COM
pelling a half million to cease work.
We have witnessed a breach of con-
tract on the part of employing print
ers. compelling 10000 printers to
cease work. We have witnessed an
,autocratic starvation order in the
textile industry. causing 10000 textile
workers to cease work. We witness
every day the closing of mills and
factories by employers who may have
any reason, or no reason, for their
action. Tho only rule known to en-
ployers for the operation of their
factories is whether or not they can
make profit by such operation. And
there is no requirement that manage
waste and even destroy, and it does
both Of these regularly.
The industrial court, by whatever
name 1t may be known. does not and
cannot prevent stoppage of work.
The law in Kansas specifically pro-
vides that 1t Is unlawful to strike in
that state. The law has not pre-
vented strikes. 1t has served merely
to interfere in the natural and ra-
tional relationship between employers
and workers, to thrust a new and
foreign agency into the field of In
dustrial relations to complicate and
to retard natural development and
to disrupt where constructive prog
ress otherwise would have taken
place.
Three Notable Failures.
It is claimed by Gov. Allen. who is
not at all an imposing figure, and
who probably will always bemoan the
failure of the last national republican
convention to recognize his ambitions.
that during the two years Of its
existence. the court Of industrial Se-
lations In Kansas has rendered de-
cisions iA about thirty cases Of dis
ICeat1aas1 On Fifteenth Pase.a
Evening star., 1922-09-17
BY SAMUEL GOMPERS.
President, American Federation of
Labor.

~ URING the last twelve months
the organized workers Of the
United States have been COM
PEELED to engage in stoppage
of work to an unusual extent, in order
to resist encroachments upon terms
and conditions of work previously es-
tablished by mutual agreements be-
tween employers and workers.
I have said repeatedly that imme-
diately after the armistice powerful
financial interests and organizations
of employers determined upon a cam
paign to crush out tho organizations
of the workers. The purpose of this
campaign was to remove all the OBJ
structions to complete domino
ton of industry by organized fnan-
cial and employing interests. 1t was
desired to have no restraint placed
unon profiteering and to have no re-
strictions placed upon the terms and
conditions upon which workers should
be asked or driven to give service in
industry.
Reactionary employers generally
have felt that their ends could be
achieved at less cost to themselves
IL there could be established state
tribunals having power to determine
wages and working conditions under
statutes which would declare stop
page of work unlawful. The enact
ment of the court 6f industrial fela-
tions in Kansas was held by en-
ployers generally as pointing the
way to industrial peace. What they
had in mind was that it pointed tne
way to peace on the terms OF the
employers, which would be in reaIty
4 dictated peace and q peace with In
The Kansas court of Industrial rela-
tions has been in operation approx
mately two years. during which time
there has been most ardent na-
tional propaganda at work in behalf
of the extension Of the industrial
court idea. In reality the industrial
court in one form or another constt-
tutes one of the paramount issues OF
our time. This issue Is of equal inn
portance with the issue Of human
slavery and bears a striking resem-
blance to that issue.
Many persons, including some Of our
leading public officials and q great
many Of our magazine and editorial
writer's, overlook the change that has
during the last hundred years and
since the Introduction Of the factory
system. They overlook the fact that
Evening star., 1922-09-17

the human race lives no longer upon
an indivualistic basis. but lives, in
stead, upon a collective basis. where
great groups are employed upon given
turing establishment There is scarcely
an Industrial activity in which single
workman completes job. Products
are brought to completion only through
the combined efforts of groups OF work.
ers, each performing a small portion
Of the total operation.
The Rights to Cease Work.
Without a change in the rules of life
and the laws Of social existence. guar
antees that safeguarded essential lib
fort would be worthless today. There
has to be a change in the definition
Of q right to make that right Of equal
meaning under changed conditions. 1t
means nothing today to say that an
individual worker has the right to
cease work. The right to cease work
today means something only if groups
Of workers have the right to cease work
as groups.
II it were possible to destroy the
right of groups of workers to cease
work. then all freedom would disappear.
SO far as our industrial life is con-
cerned. There would be condition
Of group slavery as unjust and inhu-
man as individual slavery. What
this means can only be understood
when it is considered that modern
fife is essentially an Industrial life
and that by far the greater part of
the existence Of the great masses OF
modern wage earners is shaped In
accordance with what transpires in
the workshop. Almost the whole
breadth and scope and status of the
lives Of wage earners is shaped by
the wages and conditions and the
hours in the place of employment.
There are those who are inclined to
scoff at the Importance Of wages and
wage increases, but there is more In
/ life and progress of civilization than
l is dreamed Of in all the philosophy OF
all the professional Horatios In the
world. The rules of the workshop
are of moro importance In the lie
of the average worker than are the
laws Of state legislatures and Con-
gress, except when those laws seek
to limit or destroy freedom OF action
Of the workers in connection with
their industrial existence.
Example of the steel Trust.
Workers can make their influence
felt in modern industry only through
collective action-that is, through trade
union organization. II there were no
protests on the part of the workers;
If there were no demands: If there
were no suggestions as to changes
and adjustments in Industrial condi-
tions, then it would be possible for
employers to exercise unlimited con-
troll over the destinies of workers
through ttheir Nunrestrained power to
fix the serms and conditions Of em-
ployment do not think it requires
proof to sustain the assertion that
If employers were in <nowise re-
strained by workers. they would fix
terms and conditions Of employment
with little or reconsideration for the
welfare Of workers. but with consid-
GRAFTON only for making of the great
est possible profit.
It has been said by spokesmen for
employers that unions served an ex-
celient. purpose twenty or thirty years
ago, but that there is no reason for
their existence today. But we point
to the fact that In the United States
Steel Corporation. where there 10 no
Evening star., 1922-09-17

Note.-Jkis is the third Of fuc ar
ticles by Mr.. Gompers dealing ntfh the
industrial situation. Other crtictes, to
be published in order IN the Editorial
Section of The Sunday Stor nIt be:
". Company Unions and Shop Cont
mittees: Substitutes for the Genuine.
=. The Political Campaign and the
Outlook for Labor.
The Star recognizes that Ar. Go"s-
pers' articles constitute an er-pcrto
presentations OF the tndustrtol situation
tron, the pieHpoInt Of organtzed labor,
but u pHbiishtn1 them because 1t BE-
Heues oil parties to ertsfin1 co"frorer-
stcs have q right to q fell and toir Asar-
ing at the tribunal Of public optSton.
Evening star., 1922-09-17

effective organization OF workers.
wages and working conditions are
determined automatically by the
Steel Corporation without regard TO
the needs or the wellbeing Of the
workers. Yi1ere is no noticeable in
clinatio1 on the part Of the Steel Cor
poration to do anything that is not
first of all conducive to what the
steel trust believes to be policy for
the making Of the largest possible
profit. The steel trust raises OF low
ers wages at will and 1t does this by
a decree as undemocratfc as any de-
cree ever issued by a political tyrant.
1t maintains the twelve-hour day,
which is decidedly a relic OF by
gone age. destructive Of human we'll
being and the direct cause Of loss
of health, destruction Of moral fiber
and premature incapacity for labor.
ignoring the Human Factsr.
Powerful f1nanciers and organiza-
tions Of reactionary employers are
not under any illusion as to the ne
cessity for organizations Of workers
for the purpose of protecting the
rights and interests Of the toilers.
They believe that If these rights and
interests are protected profits will
suffer. OF course, they are mistaken
in this belief, because they under
stand only matters Of finance and
markets and mechanical manufactur-
ing processes. They do not under
, stand human beings. They do not
understand that by the development
of cooperation with workers and the
guarantee Of justice in Industrial
life it would be possible to extend
the productive capacity of present
equipment to fully double the present
volume Of output.
the result of many years OF expert
ence and observation. that the pres
ent attitude of employers toward the
organization of workers is q result
of unenlightened sellshness and a
total lack Of understanding Of hu-
man ambitions. So we have to con-
tend with a condition In which en-
ployers, seeking for the most effec-
/ tive weapon for the restoration and
preservation of autocratic control,
have determined upon the establish
ment of governmental tribunals cre-
ated by statutes which declare
strikes to be unlawful and command
! that all industrial disputes be sub
mitted to the governmental tribunal
for adjustment.
Politicians who customarily reflect
/ the desires and the ambitions of
what Is known as big business have
! taken up the demand for tribunals of
this character. Perhaps because Kan
sas was the first state to enact q law
creating such compulsory labor
tribunal the Kansas law has been
seized upon as a model by most OF
the propagandists of the industrial
F., court idea.
Not . True Court.
It should be explained that what Is
j known as an industrial court is not
a court in the proper sense. Accord
ing to the intent of the law. using
the Kansas law as basis for discus
sion, the workers come into court
deprived Of fundamental right
the right to cease work. They come
into court, according to the law, un-
der compulsion to accept whatever
decree may be determined upon by
those who. cit in Judgment. II the
law were possible Of endorsement to
the letter it would be productive OF
Evening star., 1922-09-17
BY HENRY W. BUNN.

tn HE following is brief summary of the
most important news of the world for
the seven days ended September 16:
Evening star., 1922-09-17

~ URING the last twelve months
the organized workers Of the
United States have been COM
pelled to engage in stoppage
Evening star., 1922-09-17

Icsat3aas1 On Fifteenth Pase.s
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1922-03-02

verizer, double disc harrow, Clover
Leaf manure spreader, 20-tooth Perry
harrow above machinery good as new;
No. 80 Wizard pillow, 5-shovel drag,
double shovel pillow, set 18-ft. hay car
riages good as new, hay loader side de-
livery rake, good rubber tire carriage
and pole, sleigh, sixth chain and spred-
er, 3-horse evener, spreader log
chains, 2 triple, double trees, lot single
trees, jockey sticks, breast chains, butt
traces, lot forks, shovel, digging iron.
pick, corn replanters, IL milk cans, 2
covered buckets, sacks, cisten pump,
spray pump, set wood ladders, scoop
shovel; 2 sets breechbands, sets of
front gears, sets pillow gears, 4 bri-
dies, 6 collars, 6-horse line, 4-horse
line, pair check lines pillow lines, a
housings, 2 choke straps, 6 halters;
this harness in A No. shape; geese,
/ gander, Is guineas, and many arti-
cles not listed.
TERMS:-A credit of months will
be given on all sums in excess of Ten
dollars, the purchaser to give note
with security satisfactory to the I'M
dersigned, bearing interest from date.
Sums of and under Ten dollars, Cash.
No property to be removed until terms
of sale have been complied with.
Settlement must be made day of sale.
E. l.. Stitely, Auctioneer.
S. G. TRESSLER.
Stanley r. Damuth, VIM. E. Sharrer,
clerks.
Refreshments will be served by the
Ladies Aid Society of Graceham.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1922-03-02

The undersigned having rented her
farm, will sell at public sale on the
farm q mile east of Thurmont, on
road leading to Graceham, on
TUESDAY, MARCH 20, 1922
At 1000 o'clock, a. NJ,
The following personal property:
SIX HEAD OF HORSES
Noble, black, 10 years old, fine saddler
and steady leader;Bob, black, years
old, work anywhere hitched; Bess,
black, 6 years old, A No. wagon lead
er, fine single driver; Maud, black, 2
years old, good strap mare, also drive
single and double; Charley, bay, 6 yrs.
old, excellent pillow leader, works any
where; Alex, roam, years old, work
wherever hitched, fine driver.
NINE HEAD OF CATTLE
2 young heifers and one young bull; 6
milk cows two of which will be fresh
by day of sale, four have averaged
DUNG the winter 400 gallons of milk
per month with test of AGO. Will
come fresh in the fall.
FIVE BROOD SOWS
2 big type Poland China, 8 excellent
o. l. C. All will farrow by day of sale
! |. H. c. gasoline engine, 6 h. p.,
good condition, completed on truck,
and wood saw; l. H. c. feed grinder
good as new, 1 n h. p. gas engine, ex-
cellent condition, new pump jack never
been used, 2 good belts, lift. and 18-ft.
good as new 4-horse wagon, Ain.
tread, new 10-bbl. bed; set 18-ft. hay
New Idea manure spreader
in good condition, 2 good spring wag-
ons, buggy spread, lift. Deering bind
er, cut only six crops, Deering now
err, new Mccormick GIFT. iron horse
rake, 8-hose Superior grain drill
nearly new, l Deering corn planter
and wire, good condition, 2 Oliver rid
ing corn plows, used threeyears, 1
Buckeye walker,2 2-horse and 1 g.
horse barshear plows, all good, 2 10
spring tooth lever harrows, iron roll
er and 2 excellent drags, scoring out
pillow, l coverer, l 3-shovel and 2 q
shovel plows,good homemade wheel
barrow, large corn shelter, riding
grindstone, forge and tools, / barrel
tree spray, 8 triple, 2 double and IL
single trees, 6 jockey sticks, stretch
er, 4 log chains, a picks, 2 mattocks,
2 dirt shovels, 2 small scoop shovels,
/ large scoop shovel, 8 pitch forks, a
dung forks, l dung hook, sheaf fork,
2 briar hooks, moving scythe, 2 gar
den rakes, hoes, 2 digging irons, 1
wire stretcher, grain cradle and fail,
Is cow chains, 2 sets breechbands good
as new, 8 sets heavy front harness, 2
pair check lines, brides, 10 collars,
set buggy harness, good work saddle,
2 leather halters, 2 sets breast chains,
2 lead reins.
Two wooden beds, 2 tables, 6 cane
seat chairs, eft. extension table, new
bedroom suit, S-day mantle clock, 2
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1922-03-02
Can You Tell Us

Why there are two doors in the
Post Office and ouly one is kept UNI
locked for the public's use?
Why there isn't a bakery in Thur
mont when $4,000 is spent every year
in our town for bread?
Why Carroll Tyson stands outside
of Cassell's Drug Store every evening
until?
Why the Seniors always pick on the
Freshies? Weren't they Freshies
once?
Why some Of the Seniors Of T. H. S.
aren't dignified?
Why Mr.. Stull doesn't like to sing
"The Philokalean" when the Eighth
Grade has music?
Why every Freshie looked fresher
and greener than ever on Friday after
receiving his report?
Why Horace goes so often to M. L.
Creager & Sons? Does he want to
engage some furniture o a coffin?
Why Miss Shipley thinks it easy to
get inside a silo when you are inside
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1922-03-02

rockers, bureau, 2 stands, full set Rog-
ers silverware, never been used, 2
mating druggets, large refrigerator
6x10 feet, 100 qnarts excellent Jared
fruit, consisting Of peaches, beans,
corn, cherries; l hot water and l hot
air incubator, butcher tools, 3O-gal gas
tank, Z 5-gal. milk cans, good milk
cooler, 8 sets hog hangers, 3 meat
benches, chick coops, $50 peach crates
never been used, and many other arti-
cles not mentioned.
TERMS-A credit of months will
be given on all sums in excess of Ten
dollars, the purchaser to give note
with security satisfactory to the un-
dersigned bearing interest from day of
sale. Sums of and under Ten dollars,
Cash. No property to be removed
until terms are complied with. Settle
ments must be made day of sale.
E. l.. Stitely, Auct.
Jos. C. Gernand, Clerk
ROSA E. SHILDT