New-York tribune., 1922-01-22

O.
sassinatlon of kemal. The report. how
ever, has not been corroborated. md
seems to be merely an unfounded r,-
NOR.
Renal is comparatively young. beino
1ofty~three years Of age, man of
great energy and will-power, imbued
with fierce nationalism. He snot Of
aristocratic birth, but the son of a
guard in the administration Of the
Tobacco Department. He has had, how
ever, a good military training and is
very popular. especially among the
smaller landlords. The city of Angora
was chosen as the seat of the new GOV.
ernment and Mustapha Kemal proceed
ed to organize it.
Soviet Government First
To Recognize kcmal Regime
The first cognizance of the Kemal
movement was taken by the Soviet gov
ernment of Moscow and it's various
agencies operating in the Near East.
Early in 1920 negotiations were begun
between Moscow and Angora, and these
negotiations proceeded rather success
fully for several months.
1t happened that the communist
movement in Russia and the national
list movement in Anatoia found a COM
mon ground for at least temporary CO.
| operation. AS a matter of fact. there
| ic not h ,,>c l.
movements; on the contrary, they are
by their very nature antagonstic to
each other. But the end of 1919 and
the beginning of 1920 was the period
when the Russian communists we're
particularly active in their operations
directed toward the organization of
world revolution. The plans of opera
tlons called for an attack in two d.
rections, viz, in Western Europe and
IN the Orient. particularly III the Near
East. The Third 1nternationale, Gre
ated in Moscow in 1919, was charged
with the carrying out of these plans,
and was very busy in the Near East.
In the late summer of 1920, imme-
diately following the second world con-
gress of the Third Internationale. a
conference was organized at Baku, the
important seaport in the Russian Cau-
casus, by the executive committee of
the 1nternationale. The object of this
conference was to Coordinate with the
Communist forces operating in the
Near East, and an important part of
the discussion at Baku was devoted to
the kemal movement in Turkey, the
representatives of which occupied
places of honor at the conference.
Zinoviev Paints Kemal as
Leader of Islamic Movement
In the keynote speech OF the confer
ence Gregory Zinoviev, the president of
the executive committee of the Third
lnternationale, who was the honorary
president Of the Baku conference, ex-
planned at great length why the Com
n'unlsts in Moscow were so eager and
willing to support Kcmal. He de-
scribed the Kemal movement as a ma
tlonallstic movement of the Anatolan
peasantry. He pointed out that Mus
tapha Kemal is far from being a Com
munist, or even sympathizer with the
Communist cause. On the contrary, be
described the head of the Angora gov
ernment as monarchist, who is more
over the head of an essentially relig-
lous movement. For, as Zinoviev quite
correctly pointed out, Kemal's object
is not the overthrow of the Sultan and
the establishment in Turkey of a,
soviet republic, but the liberation of
the Sultan from foreign control, i'm
posed by the Treaty of Sevres, and the
reinstating of the Turkish monarch as
the religious head of the Moslem world.
In short, Kemal was painted to the
Baku conference as the guiding light
OF new pan-Islamic movement.
But Kemals pan-Islamism, i. e., his
attempt to reunite the important parts
OF the 1slamic world under the Turkish
Sultan as the religious head, has for it's
enemies the Allied powers, particularly
Great Britain, for both before and after
the Treaty of Sevres Great Britain has
played a role of predominance in the
Mahometan East. To the extent. then.
to which Turkish nationalsm and pam
lslamism necessitated as inevitable a
struggle against the Allied nations, par
ticularly Great Britain, Kemal's i'm
mediate aims coincided with those of
the Communist leaders in Moscow. For
the Moscow strategy Of the world revo-
luton at that time was to strike at the
countries of western Europe directly,
by means of agitation and propaganda
among their racial groups, and also in
directly by attacking their colonial pos
sessions. So the various nationalist
in the Orient have enjoyed |
The support of Moscow, for they have
been expected to "break the backbone"
If west European imperialism by dis
the colonial empires Of the
Allied powers. The Kemal movement
n Anatolia fitted admirably into this
scheme.
By November, 1920, diplomatic rela-
ions were established between Moscow
md Angora, but Kemal proved to be
norc difficult person to handle than the
IA H.n.o,,, 1oo Jorc ,~~o~,ok1rv $Lo.~Lk