Evening star., 1922-12-03
j. s. BACKS ALLIES
IN HOLDING TURKS
TOCAP|TULAT|ONS
Obliged to Take View of
Powers, Child Declares,
at Lausanne.
JAPAN ALSO LINES UP;
RUSSIA BEHIND KEMAL
System of Gradual Elimination Of
Privileges Seen as Only
Solution to Issue.
BY the Associated Press.

BY he ASSocia ted Press.
LAUSANNE, December 2.-America
and Japan both lined up with Great
Britain. France and Italy today when
they took their stand against 1smet
Pasha's contention that Turkey had
wiped out all the capitulations. or
extraterritorial rights for foreigns,
by declaring them null in October.
1914.
Richard Washburn Child. spokes-
man for the United States. said that
If any legal dispute arises the Wash
inGton government will be Obliged
to take the same position as the al
lied powers. He expressed the be-
lief. however. that the common in
terests of all concerned in the Turk
ish situation will make it possible
to find satisfactory guarantees to re-
place the capitulations which are so
distasteful to Turkey.
Sees turkeys Position.
Baron Hayashi. for Japan. said he
had great sympathy with Turkeys
dislike for the capitulations. because
his government once labored under
the same system. Japan. however.
had taken twenty years to build up
legal system satisfactory to the
foreign powers, and Turkey. he be-
lieved, would require the same time
for the same work. He begged Ismet
Pasha to consider this question with
great seriousness.
Marquis Curzon. for Great Britain;
Marquis Di Garroni, for Italy, and
NM. Barrere and Bompard, for
France. also spoke in opposition to
Ismet's contention that Turkey re-
CARDS all the capitulations as void
and will refuse anything in their
place rejecting upon the sovereignty
and independence of his country.
Induced to Enter Trade.
Marquis Di Garroni opened the
afternoon session, which was devoted
to the capitulations question, with
the explanation that the sultans first
induced foreigners to enter into trade
with Turkey by giving them special
privileges and guarantees. The sys-
tenn worked admirably and the capit-
ulations later were, confirmed in
treaties.
The Italian spokesman declared
the allies were willing to do their
best to meet the Turkish objections
To the special rights and privileges
which foreigners enjoy in Turkey
under guaranty of the treaties con-
firming the capitulations, but he ex-
planned that the foreigners were
anxious for the protection of the en-
;erprises which they have developed.
He warned Ismet that the Turks will
require much foreign assistance in
the reconstruction of their country
and, therefore, must consider the at
,itude of the foreign powers and
hnanciers.
Special Rights Cnnecessary.
Ismet told the delegates that Tur-
keys resentment against the capitu-
lations system was beyond the COM
prehension of foreigners. These spe-
cial rights. he said. were no longer
necessary, as the nationals of other
countries were given adequate pro-
lection by the Turkish courts and
other institutions and should not ex-
pect different treatment from that ac-
corded Turkish subjects.
NJ Barbere said there was every
disposition on the part of France
to search for means by which the
system could be modified to meet the
Turkish objections, but he emphasized
the fact that the capitulations exist
under treaty sanction and must be
replaced by some system giving guar
antees.
Curxon Supports Views.
Lord Curzon supported the views
of the preceding allied spokesmen
and reviewed the legal aspects of tae
situation. In 1871 and 1878, he said,
Turkey signed treaties in which she
agreed that the capituIations could
not be abolished without the consent
of all the signatory powers. In 1914
the Turks denounced the capitula-
tions, but all the powers enjoying
them. including Germany and Aus-
tria, who were Turkeys allies, pro-
tested on the grounds that Turkey
could not act without the consent of
all the signatories.
The commission on capitulations
decided at today's session to name
three subcommissions to consider the
various aspects of the capitulations
problem and report to the conference.
The first will consider a scheme CT
juridical guarantees for foreigners
as a substitute for the present sys-
tenn Of foreign courts; the second will
discuss economic questions. especially
taxation of foreign property in Tur-
key, and the third will consider the
status of persons living in Turkey
who are under the protection of for
eign countries.
Gulf Difncult to Bridge.
The gulf between the Turks and the
other powers on the capitulations
problem is so wide that it will be
difficult to bridge. Ismet Pasha and
all his associates, driven on by en-
phatic demands from Angora, are in
sistent that the system has been en-
tirely eliminated, while the present
efforts of the European diplomats are
directed toward providing some sub
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