Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1922-01-21
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
~ DR. ANDREW NJ. SOULE .

means of a contact inseeticide. Con.
centrated lime sulphur solution,
degrees Baume, is the most salts
factory material. This is applied
during the dormant season, any time
after the leaves drop in the fall I'M
til the buds burst in the spring. Very
careful and thorough work is abso-
lutely necessary if this spraying is
to be effective. The so-called solu-
BILE oils can be used instead of the
fine sulphur. The spreading habit
Of the Oil aids in securing good dis
tribution, but it has no fungicidal &C.
ton as does lime sulphur.
The codling moth is second only
to the San Jose scale in its impor-
lance as an apple pest, and many
growers are of the opinion that it
should have first place. This is the
insect which causes wormy apples,
but it does not injure the tree.
The adult moths fly at dusk and
are rarely seen. The wings expand
about three-quarters Of an inch and
are grayish brown in color, very
closely resembling the bark. There
is a band of lighter gray color across
the fore wings and the hind wings
are considerably lighter in color. The
full grown larva is about half an
inch long and is light or dark brown
in color. ~
The full grown 1arva, or the
newly formed fruit, usually enter.
in a silken, tightly woven cocoon un-
der loose chips or bark or in cracks
in the wood along the trunk Of the
tree. From these cocoons the adult
energies in the spring soon after the
blooming season and deposits her
eggs on leaves and twigs near the
young fruit or on the fruit itself. In
a few days these eggs hatch and the
young larva work their way to the
newly formed fruit, usually enter
ing at the calyx end. ..r
Inside the fruit, the larva feeds
on the core around the seeds until
it is full grown, which takes about
three weeks. It then eats it's way
out through the side of the fruit
and seeks a sheltered place along the
trunk of the tree in which it can
spin it's silken cocoon. In this
cocoon, the pupal stage is passed
and the adult energies in about two
weeks. There are several genera
tons year, probably four in Geor-
gia. A much larger proportion of
the young larva enters the fruit
through the side in the latter gen.
erations.
No injury. is done to the tree by
tested are made useless. In bad
cases this may mean a loss of prac-
tically an entire crop.
Arsenate of lead is the best in
secticide now used for the control of
the codling moth. This material
should be used at the rate of one
pound of powder or two pounds Of
paste for each fifty gallons Of spray
material. The most important appli-
cation is the one made within a
week after the petals have fallen
and before the calyX lobes have clos
ed. About three weeks later an
other spray of the same material
should be applied and if there is a
bad outbreak still another should
follow this after about three weeks.
Careful, thorough work is absolute
ly necessary.
The plum curculio is by far more
serious on the peach than on the ap-
pie, but 1t is frequently an important
pest on this fruit. In addition it
also feeds on pIuns, cherries, pears
and other tree fruits.
The adult beetles hibernate under
one-f1fth of an inch long and armed
with snout almost one-third as
long as itself. The color is black
or gray, marked with yellow and
white. The back is ridged, having
Two prominent humps besides sew
eral smaller engagements. The
!arva is white grub, with a distinct
brown head. In the apple the larva
seldom develop and are, therefore,
almost never found.
The adult beetles hibernate under
trash, leaves, grass or any material
which will serve as protection. In
the spring they emerge and begin to
feed on the young leaves and newly
formed fruit. The female deposits
her eggs under the skin of the small
fruit, usually during the first eight
weeks of the growth Of the apple.
These eggs hatch in q few days and
the young larva burrow into the
flesh Of the fruit until they are
mature. They then emerge, drop
to the ground and pupate under the
surface of the soil in small earthen
cells. Later the adults emerge and
feed on the leaves and fruit during
the fall. This life history is very
seldom completed in the case of the
apple, because the young fruit grows
so rapidly and is so hard that the