davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28


 as is known. this is true no matter
 how finely the piece Is divided, It | Is. therefore, interesting to know the
 area of the total exposed surface in
 ton of coal. If the cube. having originally an area of about 47 square
 feet. be continuously sub-divided until all the pieces are nne enough just
 to pass through a 16-mesh screen the
 area of exposed surface in one ton of coal becomes an acre. It is perfect ly obvious from this why 1t is that
 trouble from spontaneous combustion
 originates in fine coal. because the
 great increase in extent of surface does not begin until' one gets below 1-4 inch. or nut size. If fine coal | is kept out of the pile the heating
 surface Is relatively so small as to
 remove the cause of spontaneous com
 bustion This remark applies not to the fact that one may buy lump coal
 but to the size of what actually gets Into the storage pile. Coal bought as
 lump at the mine and handled with
 modern disregard for breakage may
 be far from lump coal when in the pile.
 Heat Depends on Temperature. A unit of area of this coal surface generates a certain amount of heat, provided the coal can find the com
 bining material that Is, oxygen The amount of heat generated depends
 upon the temperature of piece of coal. That Is to say, coal put into storage at a temperature of so degrees Fahrenheit will generate very much more heat per unit of surface than If put into storage at the temperature of so degrees Fahrenheit. It has all ready been a matter of observation that coal stored during the hot months of summer and in heated regions Is much more liable to spontaneous com bustion than coal stored in colder climes and in cooler seasons of the Iyear.
 Another most important factor Is the freshness of the broken coal sur face. For the first few days or weeks the freshly broken coal surface is very much more active in the taking up of oxygen and consequent produc- tion of heat than after few weeks or months-a fact that must be borne !! in mind when considering the wis., dom of crushing coal immediately be- fore storing it. Spontaneous fires rarely occur after the coal surfaces have been exposed for three months. AS the rate of heating increases with the temperature, 1t Is evident that If the heat generated is not removed, the process becomes self-aggravat- ing one. and the rate of heat genera tion. instead of falling, may rise with time. If the temperature of the pile reaches 140 degrees or 150 degrees Fahrenheit and continues to rise there Is a high probability that within a few weeks a destructive temperature will be reached If the temperature reaches 16o degrees Fahrenheit or 1S0 degrees Fahrenheit, there Is al- most a certainty that destructive temperature will be reached and that the coal must be moved Immediate ly the question of getting rid of the heat Is presented.
 A Pile of Coal "Breathes."
 A coal pile Is cooled by radiation
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28

and by the movement of air through lt Air moves rather freely through a pile of coal, and in many piles of coal this natural change, or breath ing, of air is enough to carry away the heat generated. Some observers have stated that, in general, fires fin large coal piles are found In the re- zion from to feet below the sur face on the Hanks of the pile. The rise In temperature of a coal pile Is thus Intimately connected with a very complicated ventilating problem. and there are no means of observing or measuring these small and wayward ventilating currents. Since there are no means of knowing Just what the ventilation Is in any given portion of pile. there is great hesitancy in ad- vocatlng ventilating schemes for coal piles, as one is. as likely to make trouble as to prevent 1t, unless ex- treme and uniform ventilation Is as- sured.
 There are many more factors of lminor importance, continues MT. Hood. One of the troubles has been that undue attention has often been given to the minor factors, such as the sulphur or the volatile matter content of the coal, height of pile, etc, while the main factors, such as initial temperature, breakage In handling, freshness of the coal, and the screening before storage, have been overlooked or minimized.
 Various factors in the spontaneous combustion of coal are discussed by Mir. Hood In Technical Paper 311, is- sued by the Bureau of Mines.
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
SPONTANEOUS FIRES
 IN COAL DISCUSSED
Bureau Of Mines Gives Iniorma.
 tion on Subject

Washington. D. C., July 2s.--Al- though coal may be a wee bit dificult to obtain and store at the present moment, the Bureau of Mines ew- dently Is of the opinion that some day the black diamonds will again be tumbling merriy into hopper and bin, from statement just made by 0. P. Hood, chief mechanical engi- neer, on the storage of coal and the attendant problem of spontaneous heating. Tn storing coal, the risk per ton of spontaneous combustion Is really very small says Mr. Hood If one counted the times a portion of coal was stored where 1t would be endisturbed for few weeks. the number of such storage operations in any one year would mount into mil lions. or these, relatively small number show the phenomena of spon- taneous combustion. It Is extremely rare that in the small operations in- volving only few tons there Is any heating. There Is no spontaneous combustion of anthracite, and very rarely does the domestic consumer of bituminous coal find troublesome heating. The main interest in the subject lies in the large piles needed as reserves for public-service utili- ties and the industries.
 The Storage Question.
 Everyone desires to have directions for storage that are perfectly simple and yet will insure against loss. Un- fortunately, the problem Is too com plicated for simple solution. Many of the factors involved are difficult to determine, as there are no practical means of quantitative measurement. The factors involve chemistry, physics and engineering, and the man who Is in close contact with the problem of stored coal Is not always a good observer in these several lines. The result is many incorrect theories, opinions, and prejudices. Much has been written on the subject and the Bureau of Mines has published the results of extensive Investigations, but the diversity of widely held opinions show that there is need of pointing out what are the factors that demonl strably are most concerned in the spontaneous heating of coal
 Acre of Exposed Surface in Ton of
 Fine Coal
 The heating of coal Is believed to be a surface phenomenon. If a ton of bituminous coal could be delivered In single cube, each dimension of the cube would be about 2.S feet. When coal heats, 1t is due to some thing that goes on with respect to the surface and not something that happens inside of the piece. So far
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28

present in the absence of law to guar antee service in the public welfare we can only take steps necessary to en- able men willing to work to do so in perfect safety, I do not think this means an armed guard at the mouth of every mine, It does not need the assurance that state authority and federal authority when needed means to protect every man in the pursuit of lawful employment"
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
Mr Morrison declared.
 DennInCns Niefhnds

The governor denounced what he termed the Benevolent despotism at Washington and reviewing tenden- cles of unrest and disorder in this country declared these could be at- tibuted to non enforcement of law' and to the policy of the federal gov- ernment in assuming to run all busl- ness and the right to do those things which the governors of the states alone can do for the welfare of the ptople."
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
TIREMEN ARE ACCUSED
Charged With Setting Fires So They
 Wouldn't Lose Their Jobs.

Olympia, Wash, July 2s.-With the discharge of fire fighting crews in this vicinity it became known today that some fire fighters were suspected of starting new fires in order that they would not lose their jobs after putting out old ones. The number of fires and the area burned over are the greatest of any year in the states his tory, but the damage has not been as heavy.
 Oakland Cal, July 2S.-Thre towns of Concord, Clayton and Danville were threatened by forest fires famed by shifting winds yesterday. Residents remained awake all night, ready to move their belongings, Water was hauled through the fields in sleds and wagons and back firing resorted to-. The fire has covered more than fifteen miles this morning and killed thou7 sands of cattle. The glow was visible twenty miles.
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
WILL TRY AGAIN.

At the August common council meeting a resolution will be offered similar to the one submitted at the last session by which it was calculat- ed to employ none but residents in city work. The new resolution will be so worded that such positions as teachers, consulting engineers and other experts will be excluded from the general ban on out of town em- ployes.
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
TWO GOVERNORS IN FIGHT WITH HARDING Grosbeck, Michigan, Morrison,
 North Carolina, Take Issue

Lansing, Mich, July 2S.-Governor Groesbeck today took sharp disagree ,nent with q letter from President Harding declaring in effect that the federal government was powerless to interfere with the attitude of the United Mine Workers of America to- ward independent local agreements.
 Harding's Contention
 The letter added that at present nothing could be done except to en- able men willing to work in safety and that the big issue in the coal strike dispute was national dtctation unhesitatingly assumed by the mine workers" which must be taken care
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
UNEMPLOYED DROPS OFF

Berlin, July 2S.-The number of unemployed in Germany has dropped to level seldom reached, even before the war, the Tageblatt says The total of completely unemployed per sons receiving relief fell from 2S,7oa in June to 19,q00 in July.
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
Of by legislation
GrOSbcCk ReDlies

Replying to the letter. Governor Groesheck declared he could not con Cede the federal government has not the power Ito protect our citizens from the embarrassing situation thta faces us.'
 The presidents letter was in reply to a telegram sent by the governor last week when he informed the na- tional executive he was asking John L. Lewis, president of the mine work CTS to grant Michigan miners perms- sion to enter agreements Independent ly of their national affiliation and re turn to work
 Will Ask Legislation
 The president, in his reply stated he would seek legislation to solve this problem of independent agreements.
 Replying to Governors Groesheck' s original proposal that the state take over and operate the mines in N1ichi- gan the president said
 Letter To Governor
 T do not know whether you have the persuas sive power to effect a vol untary agreement in Michigan. but l think it fair to assume you would not enforce such an arrangement for the
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
DINORCEE WILL WED,

Jacob Sehwab. divorcee. and Mrs. Ida Samuelson. widow. were granted a marriage license this morning at the office of City Clerk A. L. Thompson. The contracting parties both reside at l03 Franklin street.
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28

In black, brown and Navy, with silk and satin slips-trimmed with flowing panels wide sleeves and wide cascades at the sides. Real S25 dresses-Tomorrow at
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
OnDose BolShp,ilxS

'There may be bolsheviks after me who come into power and they may attempt sovietism upon the state, but this will never come while am gov
New Britain herald., 1922-07-28
Blames Washington Government

Shelby, N. C.. July 2S.-Asserting that the federal government was en- gagged in steady encroachment on the rights of the states, Governor Morrison declared in an address last night to editors gathered for the con vention of the North Carolina press association that President Harding's request to state governors to invite a resumption of coal production under of adequate protection constituted "an attempt to debase the states"
The Chilkat post., 1922-12-08
NEW LIBRARY FEATURE:

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  time the Post Library  regarding the LIBRARIAN -endoy all the llowims
  The F1uingJe W'ChaEoers' 5c,rlet Danayer Iyson'
The Chilkat post., 1922-12-08
EXODUS, CHAP l.:

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The Chilkat post., 1922-12-08

tn only girl lliam"
  idea of what
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 yasli 2 ting o3ficer's of fife in the Amy"r ian softly
The Chilkat post., 1922-12-08

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The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
BETTER DEMAND FOR STEEL STILL
 BEING REPORTED
Business and Financial News Continues Encouraging in Spite of Rail and Mine
 Strikes
By Associated Press

Now York. July 1e.-with the coun- try's two major labor disputes still combining their clements of uncer- tainty, business and financial news during the past week suggest that the trend toward improvement is uninter- rupted. Railroad car loadings for the last week In June were slightly smaller than in the one previous, which set new high record for the year.
 The loss is accounted for by smaller coal shipments, the movement of mer- chandise showing further gain
 Indication that a better demand for steel products is being maintained were confirmed by the June 30 total of thrilled orders of the United States Steel Corporation. As of the first currents. the corporations books show 635.000 tons of unfinished busi- Eess. this figure being 10000 tons larger than on May 30 and 1.494.00o tons above that of February 2S, when the low point of the recent depression was made. It is estimated. further more, that the June 30 figure means that new business during June amounted to more than Il 1.400,000 tons. which Is volume expressing the corporations monthly production. At present steel output Is experience iug a mild check on account of the railroad strike. the Steel Corpora tion's rate of operations having re- duced from 77 per cent to 75 per cent. Meanwhile, the trade has developed a certain amount of anxiety over pos s.ble car shortage this fall. pointing cut that the increase in new business. which would accompany termination of the strike, would coincide with the active period of crop movement.
 Coal Production Decreases
 Coal production for the week end- ing July shows a marked decrease. The falling off hardly reflects the general trend of things, however. as aside from the coal strike, the out- put was affected by the July ]loli- day. The loss of approximately 1.500.-
 (Continued on Page Two,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
Ny Fauorite Stories
 Bv IRWIN s. COBB
Pretty Poll
By IRWIN s. COBB

that for the Wright brothers to recognition for their aeronauc welcomed them and them
 
 flying machine but disposed to show jealousy the two Yankees The Frnchmen for virtually had matter of
 
 farther Brshers had It only from the with obstacles from their Galic rivals. following the successful proof by them their ability their their with bringing the dinner but
  considerable o them attended.
 of speech making The chief Frenhman who devoted the of his world field that future developments the compliment of the chief of Wilbur Wright called by the toastmaster Slowly o his feet.
 q hand at public speaking he said and this occasion thanks myself and brother As sat here listening preceded heard the swallow the hawk typfyng skill of the but somehow other, could keep from thinking of the bird which, d all the onhoogca king down he amid tremendous applause from the
 Copyright, 1922 by the McNaught Syndicate. Inc.l
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
CHARGE MINISTER WITH
 DESERVING OF FAMILY
By AssocIated Press

Port Huron. Mich., July 16.-Rev. Walter Culp, former pastor of a church at Spring Valley, O.. was taken to xenia. O., today to face charge of wife abandonment. Rev. culp, 1t Is alleged, deserted his wife and nine children, giving as a req son that he could not support them on his salary of s1,20o a year, and came to a resort near here, where he was arrested Friday in company with Miss Esther Hughes, 1s. member of his congregation. Miss Hughes also returned to Ohio today.
 Rev. Culp made no statement be- fore leaving here with Spring Valley officers, concerning the offer of his wife to forgive his escapade and take him back as husband. Previously he had been quoted as saying he would rather remain in jail than re- turn to his family.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
WASHINGTON MUCH
 ENTHRALLED OWE R RACE. FOR SENATE
Hiram Johnson, Incumbent, and Charles Moore Battle for Senate Toga in "Gold
 Coast" State
By HUGH ". ROBERTS Washington Bureau, The Ase-Herald.
 RIM no vsdaos, Hufldfrs


 Washington, July 1e.-(Special.)- The republican candidates for the Senate in California are Hiram ~ohn- son, incumbent, and Charles C. Moore. Johnson Is running on his record, which in no respect accords with the record of the administration. Moore is running as an ardent supporter of the administrations; in fact, Is run ming only because Johnson Is op- posed to the administration.
 Johnson will be nominated. Will not the democratic national commit tee, democratic spokesmen, and dem ocratics newspapers declare that the President for the fifth time in suc- cession has been repudiated?
 AIibi Is Laid
 Washington agrees that they will. Already, however, spokesman for the President, both in person and through the presz. arc laying grounds for an alibi. They are getting out from under"
 Of course, the President does not love Johnson. In the first place. he is a critic of the administration. In the second place, he is potential candidate for the presidential nomi- nation. In the third place. even were he to refrain from an attempt to dis place the President. he would not bend himself in an enthusiastic eff fort to secure his reelection; in fact. he might lend his influence 70 an in- dependent organization.
 1t is understood in local political circles. that in the beginning the President thought of taking hand in the California situation with the object in view of defeating Johnson.
 fContInued on page two)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
MRS. PHILLIPS IS NOT AFFECTED BY
 MEETING ACCUSER
Encounter, Carefully Staged by Officers, Does Not Ruffle Woman Accused of
 Hammer Murder
By Associated Press

Los Angeles. Cal. July l6.--Mrs. Clara Phillips. charged with the mur- der of Mrs. Alberta Meadows here this afternoon in custody of Sheriff Traeger. She was taken to the shsr- ifs office and examined by alien ists to determine her mental con1i- tion. Mrs. Peggy Caffee, eye witness to the hammer staying, after being taken out of town secretly to meet the train. also arrived with the pris- oner.
 The meeting of Mrs. Phillips and her accusers aboard the train just before the train reached Los Angeles was staged carefully, but the sudden encounter failed to ruffle the eQua- nimity of the woman charged with what police described as the most brutal murder in the city's history.
 Meets Mrx Caffee
 Mrs. Caffee, whose story of the slaying of Mrs. Meadows on an un- freouented road resulted in Mrs. Phillips indictment, boarded the train at a suburban station in company with q detective. She was taken 70 where Mrs. Phillips sat, in custody of the sheriff and Mrs. Traeger, awaiting the end of her journey.
 ''lS lnle the WOHdu HitH WuOm you went riding Wednesday," Mrs. Caffee was asked as she faced the prisoner.
 .Yes," she faltered.
 Mrs. Phillips laughed.
 .'Is this the woman who killed Mrs. Neadows?"
 "Yes." quivered the young woman.
 Mrs. Phillips smiled. but said noth- ing.
 As she stepped off the train a group of newspaper photographers confronted her.
 For a moment the shutters clicked and hs~ teeth flashed in a succession of smiles~ Then deputies hurried her to the sheriffs office. where pr. Louis Weeer. alienist, was prepared to make en examination of her mental conditlen.
 As she started to step into an auto mobile . photogratSer asked her to pose. She consented with aiacrity, mounting the running board, head and shoulders above she crowd of spectators which throneed the street Again she smiled.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
NATIONAL TROOPS TAKE STRONGH0LDS
 OF |RRE GULL ARS
DundaIk Falls Into Hands of Free StaterS-Cordon Be- ing Narrowed Around
 Rebels
By Associnted Press

Belfast. July 16.--Dundalk is in tho hands of the nationaiists today. more than 300 republicans having beea taken prisoner. Between and 5 m., the nationalists virtually seized the town, only two casualties re-. sulting, two irregulars. one being killed and another wounded seriously.
 Yesterday Dundaik was held by the republicans. During the night Free State forces commanded by Gen eral Hogan. descended on the town and immediately began an enveiop- ing movement.
 The occupants of the Anne street barracks. the republican headqu2r- ters. learning what was happening set the barracks afire, left explosives in the mattresses and tried to escape They were fired on by the nationals It was here that the casualties oc- cured. About 20 men were taken prisoner. all without weapons.
 The military barracks was captured without a shot. A majority of The men were in bed and they found themselves under arrest when they were aroused.
 Inch Fort, in Donegal. capitulated today to the nationals. This fort was an important British naval statioL in the World war. IL was heavily shelled Saturday evening with an IS pounder.
 The Free State troops penetrated for a considerable diztance into the island, gradually narrowing the cor don. tf Then after further bombarding the Free Staters stormed it. Captain Mullan. leader of the rregulars and 21 men were taken prisoner The center of resistance Is now Gleanveagh castle. flying columns from which are still causing much havoc.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1922-07-17
FOUR SEAMEN LOSE
 LIVES IN PACIFIC
By Associated Press

Seattle, Wash, July 16.-Four sea faring men lost their lives and the steam schooner Henry T. Scott was sent plunging to the bottom of the strait of Juan De Fuca early today when the Scott and the big freighter Harry Luckenback crashed togather In collision in a pail of smoke and fog.
 The Luckenback was not seriously damaged.
 All those who lost their lives were residents of Pacific coast cities and were aboard the Scott. a 1,6oo- ton steel boat, which was bound from San Francisco for Seattle. The Luck ,enback was bound from Settle to New York via San Francisco. Both vessels had full cargoes. The Luck enback, after picking up the surviv- ors, put back to this port