davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
Shipping Essential to
Enlarged Commercial Prosperity

What IL means to a nation to have
merchant ships OF its own, facilitating
international communication and en-
lsrging it's trade. is indicated by the
growth of markets for American prod
ucts in South America since the Ship
ping Board established an adequate
service between this country and those
countries south of the Equator. The
records of this country will show that
wherever and whenever an adequate
service Is maintained between the
United States and foreign ports the
business which the people of the
United States have been enabled to do
with and through such ports inva-
riaby has increased.
Shipping is largely a means and not
an end. 1t Is a means absolutely es-
sential to the proper development Of
the enlarged commercial prosperity of
this country. This truth, preached so
persistently and effectively by Sir
Walter Raleigh and recognized so con-
stantly by all the great statesmen of
England, changed England from the
little country she was in the time of
Elizabeth, when her people were so
largely dependent upon the vessels of
Spain and Holland for what little COM
mercial intercourse they had with for
eign nations, to the greatest empire
the world has known. IL was that
builder OF an empire, Bismarck, who
declared that. THE merchant service
is the handmade of all other indus
tries, of agriculture, manufactures and
commerce." and. "On the day when the
freight trade Is given over to for
eigners a mortal blow will be struck
at all the industries OF the country"
II was because the Iron Chancel-
lor" recognized the fact that whenever
a nation produces more than it can
consume 1t must have foreign markets
or must become industrially. crippled
that the Government of Germany
placed itself behind the merchant fleet
and made the Empire OF Germany the
magnificent commercial Power that II
was before ambitious leaders wrecked
IL.
But now to these commercial argu-
ments. the tnutlr OF which history has
so completely demonstrated, is added
an important argument OF self-pres-
ervation, namely, the necessity of a
merchant feet that shall make the
now limited navy of the United States
capable OF adequately performing its
real work in time OF need Supply
ships for fuel, ammunition, food and
other supplies. combination freight
and passenger ships to serve as trans
ports as well as for equipment, fast
passenger ships to serve not only as
transports for troops and for scouting
and relief ships but for the convey
ance of airplanes, &C., arc as essential
to the naval vessels as are the guns
which those vessels carry and the
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

partnership with the Arab and Tur-
kish Moslems. and at the same time
might be saturated with the poison OF
Bolshevism. Mr.. Stoddard is simply
trying to disentangle the elements OF
the present world in order to see
where Christendom, the white race,
ard Western civilization are in dan
ger. =
That "Scotlands burning" or at
least in danger of being set on fire, he
makes reasonably clear. Without fol-
lowing the order of his discussions, let
us see whether there are in the world
outside of our own civilization circle
malign forces that may become toe
powerful for us; whether we have
given sufficient attention to our evil
disposed neighbors in other parts OF
the world.
The same statistics may be made to
show quite opposite things. What has
the white race to fear, while out of
the 1,700,000000 people on the world
450, 600, 900 are in Europe and 100000
900 are European whites elsewhere In
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

ing the last few years, always will be
to even a greater extent than hereto
fore absolutely essential to the safety
and efficiency Of the fighting feet.
The 5-5-3 program adopted at the
recent Conference for the Limitation
of Armament makes it absolutely nee
essary for the United States to main
tain an adequate merchant fleet. Since
the coasting fleet which this country
had at the outbreak of the Spanish
war was so terribly inadequate for
military purposes in that brief strug-
gle--a struggle almost wholly at our
national threshold-it is obvious that
any American merchant fleet which
the coastwise laws of this country
could create and support would be
wholly inadequate for any serious con-
1ict Even when President Roosevelt
sent one of our battleship fleets around
the world it was absolutely necessary
for us to hire British merchant ships
to accompany that feet and keep 1t
furnished with the fuel, food and other
supplies which were necessary-and
this in a time of peace when every
port in the world was open to those
vessels and when every nation was
actively willing to assist in supplying
the needs of this United States feet.
Our lack of merchant ships during
the world war-a lack resulting from
failure of Congress to heed the warm
ings which national leaders like Pres
dent Mckinley. President Roosevelt.
Senator William r. Frye and others
had given so many tifnes-has cost the
people Of this country $4,000, 100000,
and the end is not yet!
But this loss. so overwhelming In it's
magnitude, is but part of the loss
which this country has sustained by
reason of it's failure to enable Amer
ican merchant ships to engage In the
foreign commerce OF this country. Not
only have hundreds of millions of dol
lars been paid out TO foreigners for
transportation furnished (and here,
of course. will come the old time.com-
ment THAT we received service for that
money paid. ignoring the fact that the
service could and should have been
rendered by Americans so that the
money could and should have been
paid TO Americans, thereby benefiting
the whole industrial body Of this coun-
= try) but the failure OF the United
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
Americanizing the
Japanese Of Hawaii
BY DIR. SIDNEY l., GULIcK.

Soyeda. Admiral Baron Uriu, s. Asano
and many other men of influence.
Their method of campaign is unique
personal and MISUNDERSTANDING
"key" men rather than using public
mass meetings or wholesale methods.
The plan and the reasons for 1t as
described by Fakie Okumura are as
follows:
1.-THE chief cause of all problems in
Hawaii between the American people
and tie japanese is the radical diff
ference in the ideas of Americans and
Japanese. Many Japanese think that;
Every movement OF the Japanese,
even IL 1t is bad one, should be
backed up by the Japanese; ANY one
who opposes any movement of the
japanese is a traitor; once a Japa-
nese always a Japanese: Hawaii is
mere stepping stone to fortune: or.
IT is an act of disloyaity to japan to
train the children born in Hawaii into
a good and loyal element OF Hawaii
Unless these fundamental ideas of
Japanese--which, we believe, are mis-
taken and are bound to cause serious
differences and continual friction-are
eradicated no lasting solution OF all
problems can be worked out.
Therefore in our campaign our
objective Is first of all to encourage
the Japanese to discard their mistaken
ideas; secondly, to urge them to adapt
themselves to American customs and
manners thirdly, to make them realize
that the education or training of chill
dren born in these islands into a good
and loyal element of Hawaii and
America Is not an act of disloyalty.to
their country or their forefathers. and
fourthly, TO encourage the Japanese
in taking the initiative in bringing
about peaceful and lasting solution
of all problems
"If these objectves can really be
accomplished we believe all problems
would be solved and the two peoples
can live in harmony and friendship.
IL not they will continue to live In
mutual misunderstanding and sus-
picion."
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

This is not an act for which the jap
anese should be criticized. 1t is not
only proper in every respect, but 1t is
an act which if not performed would
Justly lay the Government of Japan
open to criticism by its own people;
for the limitation of naval arraments
was based upon the theoretical fight
ing power of the war ships permitted
to each nation by this agreement, and
failure to furnish the merchant ships
necessary for the full utilization of
SUCH naval vessels is to reduce the
naval strength of that nation below
the point at which it admittedly should
be allowed to stand.
Rear Admiral Fullam, retired, who
has given a great deal of study to the
use Of merchant ships as airplane
carriers for the navy. called attention
to this japanese program and pointed
out how much the United States
needed fast ships capable of keeping
up with the fighting fleet.
The need of mother" ships for our
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
ncton Between Fighting and Clearly Defined

parison, ship for ship, with any other
fleet existing and except in the mat
ter of mere size can show, as the
world war so recently demonstrated,
that it is at least fully equal to the
pick of them all, and sea power which
means a fighting fleet supported by
merchant fleets always able to keep
those war dogs of the sea constantly
at the peak of their fighting strength,
no matter on what ocean fate may
choose to place those defenders of the
flag when the awful day Of trial comes.
1t has been said that,it takes eight
men behind an army to maintain each
soldier in the battle line. How many
merchant ships, then, are needed to
keep these giant soldiers of the sea
in efficient fighting condition in these
days when the oceans of the world are
the battle ground and perils fill the
skies above and the deeps beneath
those defenders of our country's flag?
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

LANS to Americanize tie Japa-
- nese of the Hawaiian Islands
l. have been evolved and are now
being carried out. The melting pot is
boiling merrily and the significant
thing is that 1t is being stirred by the
Japanese. Leaders of Japan, like
viscount Shibusawa have indorsed the
movement. TLey realize that as long
as the Japanese immigrant in Amer
lea remains Japanese at heart, re-
fusing to adopt America as his coun-
try, as long as there remain "little
Japans' unassimilated, misunderstood
and Misunderstanding. just so long
will there be trouble and differences.
The public schools are having a
greater Influence on the japanese
children in tie United States than
their homes, the japanese language
schools or the teaching of the Bud
dhist priest. Their ideals, tteir in
terests, their tastes, tneir hopes ana
their ambitions are totally different
from those of the young people of
Japan. AS Baron Coto said after
meeting them: These boys and girls
are American in all but their appear
ance."
The greatest. however, and the most
significant movement is that organized
by Take Okumura and Umotaro
Okumurs. two remarkable men, father
and son. The father has been a Chris
tian pastor in Honolulu for thirty
years, las built up strong church
and has conducted a highly successful
Christian school for boys. Two years
ago he went to Japan to explain TO
japanese leaders the underlying causes
so far as the Japanese are concerned
OF the anti-Japaneso movement In
America. His statement was extraor-
dinarily frank. lie secured the written
approval of such men as Viscount
Shibusawa, Or. Takur~a Dan, DR.. l.
Nitobc.. viscount kancko, DR.. j.
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

the world? Out of these about 1907
100000 are Anglo Saxon, Welsh, Scotch
Scotch Irish. Against this vigor-
Gus, well knit and self-conscious body
we must place about 500. 900. 600 Mon
golians-what Stoddard calls the "yel-
lows 450.O00,000 browns" being the
southern Asiatic and Arab and Moor
groups, and only 40,000,000 Indians
and l50,000,000 Africans Oncluding
those in the Americas).
The 450,o0o,000 whites are the most
highly organized, the best equipped
and wealthiest folk in the world. For
400 years they have been advancing
into brown, red and black territory,
conquerihg and to conquer. Leaving
out China and Japan and some other
smaller areas, the whites control the
whole of Europe, Asia, Australia and
neighboring large islands, the United
States and Canada and parts Of South
America. They have political con-
troll of central and western Asia, the
whole of Africa and part of South
America. They make the law and
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
WhileVaunting Its Strength
With Great Pride Yet 1t
Does Not Hang Together

tinguished that nobody can read their
safety for our descendants. the per-
manence of our languages and litera-
lures. the supremacy of our social and
political ideas.
There is no denying the fire at the
heart of our own special cherished
best ever civilization. The most OBJ
vious proof. of course. is the world
war, whicL is still going on in the
Near East and even in the Siberian
Far East That war has clearly re-
veaied that our beloved civilization
does not hang together. One God for
all the western nations involved in the
war, one Saviour for most of them,
three great branches of one Christian
church, common methods of city build
ing, transportation, business and
science-what have they availed?
What has been the good of the vast
movement of colonization from Rus
sia to the Far East and from western
Europe to the Americas? What was
the use of ties of business and travel
stronger and further extended than
ever before in TIE history of the
world?
All that goes for nothing when ma
tions feel like fighting. What COM
ment on our modern humanity our
protection of the weak, our opening of
opportunities for the poor and the un-
skilled! When our superior western
civilization gets into snarl it be-
haves like a, bag of cats. Hostilities
on a large scale ceased three and a
half years ago; but western civiliza-
ton is still divided into sullen. hostile
camps. Only two large countries in
all the world are at this moment both
at peace and prosperous-Japan and
the United States of America.
The animosity that caused and in
tensified the war are still glowing. Sc
long as French and German. Pole and
Russian, Hungarian and Rumanian
hate each other far more intensely
than any nation outside TIE charmed
circle, of western civilization, we are
justified in crying: Fire! Fire!
Fire, FIRE."
Apart from international hates and
difficulties, most countries have within
them smoldering dangers. When
knowing travellers will not stay in
London, where the combined singing
dancing and drinking places are closed
at midnight or 2:30 A. NJ. and flock to
Paris, where the civilizing agencies OF
Montmartre are just beginGing. 1t Is
evident that our Christian, scientific,
model civilization has some weak
girders in it's structure.
So long as the joints frequented by
Europeans and Americans in Shang-
hal appall the Chinese by their aban-
don, so long as drug fiends multiply
in New York city, civilization is in
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

markets beyond the limits to which
our competitors, struggling so fiercely
for those same markets, may choose
to develop them for us; they may
claim that because some foreign ma
tions owe us money we should sur
render to them a vast business right
fully our own and let our own work.
men remain idle that foreigners may
be employed, with the resulting pos
sibility that such foreigners may
sometime show an appreciation of our
courteous self-sacrifice by now and
then paying a little something to us
on account; but no one can justify
depriving our navy of its necessary
auxiliaries and thereby making it Of
minor Importance in international af-
fairs.
There is a vast difference between
fighting power as represented by our
marvellous navy, which in character
and in personnel can challenge COM
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
Dismissing the Women
Workers of France

stead of improving, the situation is
continuing indefinitely"
To avoid the excess OF typists and
stenographers. an educational move
ment is now on foot in France to fea-
ture manual work for girls as well as
boys. Much stress is being put on the
importance of technical education In
girls schools.
1--WE are trying TO advise the girls
who are not well educated that they
would do better to learn a specialized
trade for which they have an apti-
tude,' writes Mile. Barnard. Differ
ent attempts Of ttis kind have been
made on private initiative near Paris
and at Levallois Perret. The young
girls who have been especially invited
there have become very much in
terested."
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

T-HE Government departments in
Paris are dismissing women
= and girls in favor Of war
widows and wounded men, The situa-
ton is more critical than in 1914"
writes Mile. II. Barnard from TIE
NotIr Foyer. Rue Daunou, Paris.
'-Dsring the war the Military Commits
saife could supply all women left witL-
out support with work.
THE Government departments and
thu military bureaus then employed
rnany women whom they are now dis
missing. Under the ctairmanship OF
Senator Berard all the welfare So
cicties met 20 discuss the crisis. Due
TO the political situatioA no solution
could be offered. Unfortunately in
The New York herald., 1922-06-11

submarines is obvious, and the neces.
sity of repair and salvage ships is
equally clear. To assume that the
country should build such auxiliary
vessels solely for naval purposes, to
remain practically in costly idleness
until time of actual need, is, of course,
an absurdity. The only proper method
of supplying the auxiliary ships so
necessary for the efficiency of the
navy is by enabling Americans to build
and operate such a merchant fleet as
the tremendous commerce of this
country justifies, These ships will be
maintained by the private owners.
They will. when their business has
been established and the advantages
which their competitors now have in
established connections, wages, supply
stations. &C., have been overcome. be
self-supporting at least to the point
where a comparatively small subven-
ton would suffice to keep the flag
flying.
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
Color, Religion, Anarchy
Are Elemental Fears

States to handle its foreign commerce
in it's own bottoms resulted in Grip
pling of our interests in foreign mar
kets, in hampering the efforts of our
people in getting their goods to and
selling them in foreign markets, re-
sulting in commercial loss which
cannot be estimated but which ad-
mittedly must be measured by the
hundreds Of millions of dollars.
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
A Forecast That British,
French and Dutch Will
Be Driven Out of Asia

and tke Arabs are stu vigorous.
Their land Is the center of Islamism.
Which includes Persia and $4,000, 900
East Indians. besides Malays, Berbers
in north Africa and many African
peoples, among whom the religion of
equality has made dangerous ad-
vances.
These various people may believe
alike. but could never be brought to
act as unil against western civiliza-
ton. without the solvent which has
been furnished by the incredible policy
of Europe toward Turkey. That the
Turk SHOULD have been allowed 600
years ago to cross into Europe and
make conquests of one of the fairest
parts of the Christian world, is a
proof of. the weakness of the civiliza-
ton of our ancestors. and an alarming
suggestion of what may happen again.
If the Christian Powers could not
unite against tie Turks when they
were few, when they first began to
make bondmen of the Christian popu-
lations, before they adopted their pres
ent policy of exterminating Christian
races who have most of the brains of
the empire, what will they do if Turks
and Arabs and Russians, Mohamne-
dams, Egyptians. Berbers and African
converts should again lay impious
hands upon Europe and seek to make
of st. Peters another Sancta Sophia,
turned into mosque?
The Danger of Russia
Most Critical Now
A further danger, and a frightful
one, is to be found in the very heart of
several western nations, particularly
Russia. The doctrine of the holiness
of the mob suggested by Marx and for
tie first time put into action by the
destroy any nation upon which 1t
fixes it's fangs; for it's religion is
alteration of the lowest part of the
human race. morally and spiritually.
Bolshevism when carried to it's logi-
cal result means the knocking out of
the brains of the community. 1t has
accepted its own logic by the barbar-
Gus homicide of the educated and ex-
perienced part of tie Russian popula-
tion. The question is not so much the
existence of private property as the
existence of education, courtesy, low
ing kindness, common interests and
common action. Bolshevism hates
democracy as much as it hates no.
bility. If 1t once gets into the veins
Of f~otter nations, then woe to civiliza-
ton of any kind, western or eastern,
and to religion of any church.
Is the engine rolling all this time
Is there no way of putting out these
fires? Yes. there are things which
every people. and particularly the
people of the United States, may dc
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
What Is Civilization in
g Big Sense of the Word?

At the start. What is civilization?
Everybody realizes that in the thou
sands of years of the experience of
reasoning men community life has
grown up based on human experience.
human ideals and human willingness
to act together. In the big sense of
the word civilization is all that is
tangible or known of what the human
race has so far done and preserved
on the fact of the earth. 1t includes
alsoc the accumulation of intangible
traditions and ideals which are passed
on from generation to generation. In
asmuch as the races of men are nu-
merous, we talk not only about civil
ization but about civihzations-the
Greek civilization. the Chinese civiliza-
tion,' the Slav civilization.
Nevertheless, when you and 1 speak
of sterilization" we commonly mean
the behavior and desires of human
beings in that part of the globe which
shares our heritage of European Ian
guage, religion, education, science, art
andwarfare. We call it Western civil
izafton--mostly people of Christian
faiths, barking back to Greece and
Rome and the Holy Roman Empire
and the Roman and Greek Catholic
churches of the Middle Ages.
We could bear with resignation the
news of the breakup of most other
civilizations. We should not vince if
all the native races of Africa became
Buddhists; or if the Arabs should
abandon their traditional religion and
literature and language in favor Of
Cohfucianism; or if the sages of India
should throw over their sacred writ
mystic make limericks in Japanese.
The world has seen lots Of empires
gosto smash, their civilization so ex-
The New York herald., 1922-06-11
In Actual Sea Power England
Equals All Europe and u. S

As a practical fact the 1876 steamers
of sixteen or more knots speed which
Great Britain now possesses (while
we have but forty-five of that class,
most of them old and in few years
To be of questionable WORTH means
that in actual sea power, not In mere
fighting machines. that nation is the
equal of all other European nations
and the United States combined at this
particular time This is phase of
the question too often overlooked,
though for fifty years the far sighted
statesmen of this country have re-
peatedly endeavored to hammer into
the public mind the fact that a mer-
chant fleet is the right arm OF any
navy. 1t Is no answer to say that
there cannot be a war between the
United States and Great Britain, be-
cause his statement of our condition
as a sea Power Is not made with any
such possibility in view. But 1t is
made for the purpose of calling atten-
ton to the fact that. having limited
our naval fighting strength by inter-
national agreement. we must now
create n merchant fleet sufficient for
the proper support OF that fighting
fleet or we establish Great Britain as
the military master OF the ocean, and
the mere failure OF that great Power
TO come actively to our assistance with
needed merchant ships in time Of war
might easily mean our defeat In any
struggle not carried on upon our home
grounds.
The fact that this country, with all
that unprecedented energy 80 mar
velously active day and night when
England was calling for ships, and
more ships. was able to complete only
one merchant vessel out of all it's tre-
mendous program before the world
war closed shows the absolute impos-
sibility OF extemporizing ships in time
of need---and especially ships of that
type so peculiarly important as an as
sociate Of the naval ships.
Distinction Clearly Shown
Between Fighting and Sea Power
Men may, IL they see At. ignore the
Importance OF the chipping industry,
which calls upon almost every form
of labor for the materials, the build
ing, the operating and the repairing OF
its fleets they may declare that we
have no need to enlarge our foreign