New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-10-02

outside powers have generally taken
the horse, either before or after locking
the stable.
J Foreign Entertainment on
China Goes Back Eighty Years
The history Of foreign encroachmeIlts
on China goes back eighty years. After
: the opium war OF 1912 Great Britain
annexed Hong Kong. In 1888 and 1884
France took away from China her
suzerainty over AMMAN and Tongking.
Corea used to belong to China. After
Japan defeated China in the war OF 1894
the latter was required to recognize the
complete independence and autonomy
Of Corea. In the first treaty of alliance
between Great Britain and Japan the
two sgnatories announced that they
had mutually recognized the indeperd-
ence of China and Corea and declared
themselves 'to be entirely uninhuenced
by any aggressive tendencies in either
country It was added, however, that
Japan was interested in peculiar de-
gree politically, as well as commercially
and lndustrially, in Colea and was en-
ftitled 20 take measures to safeguard
these interests. When the treaty Of
alliance was renewed, just before the
outbreak OF the Russo-Japanese War.
Great Britain recognized Japans para
mount political, military and economic
interests in Corea, but Japan promised
TO take no measures there which would
confilct with the principle Of equal op-
portunities for the commerce and in
dustry Of all nations. After Japan's
victory Corea was quickly absorbed into
the japanese Empire.
BY the treaty Of Shimonoseki in 1895
China ceded to Japan Formosa, the
Pescadores Islands and the Liaotung
Peninsula, az the southern end Of
Manchuria. But Russia, France and
Germany interviewed and compelled
Japan to retrocede Liaotung to China.
In 1898 Germany appeared on the
scene Following the murder OF two
German missionaries in Shantung. she
demanded leased port She received
Kiaochow, including the port Of Using
TAO. AS compensation for this award
Russia negotiated lease of Port Ar
thur and Talien-wan, on the Eiaotung
Peninsula; Great Britain obtained
Weihaiwe and France the southern
coast Of Canton province.
Western Powers Proclaim
Spheres of Interest
: Running back also FOR many years,
tae Western powers had been forcing
on China recognition of spheres Of
/ interest," After the war OF 1883-'3A
the French began making sach claims
in the south, extending them after the
Chinese Japanese War. But as a coun-
terbalance Great Britain in 1886 took
( over China's suzerainty over Burma.
Russia, after building the Siberian
railroad, established sphere Of in
fuence" in Manchuria. Japan set up
sphere in Fukien province, opposite
Formosa Great Britain then asserted
predominant interest in the entire
Yangtsc Valley. III 1899 she cove
nanted With Russia not to seek rail
way or mining concessions north Of
the Great Wall if Russia didn't seek
similar concessions in the Yangtsc
basin.
These political and political
entertainments were accompanied by
demands for all kinds Of commercial
privileges, for foreign settlement Sites
railroad and industrial concessions and
extra tcrritor.aily. China became 20
enrneshed in her obligations TO foreign
err on her soil that her own sovereign
r.ghtx there mere sarta sticaily mini
mized The Hay open door, doctrine
seemed 10 'rcvalidate these rights. But
The powers which accepted the open
door" policy we're acting rs China'e
patrons. They we're her appointed
g1nrdinna. Japan was the last TO AS
eurne this role From 1907 on she
negotiated conventions with Great
Britain. kueaia, France and the United
States recognizing ChiDa's political
independence and Territorial integrity.