davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

the guaranty OF fair return on
capital invested In railroads which
was given in the Esch- Cummins law.
Probably the railroads can save
$100,000,000 on their coal bill for
1921 and many millions on their lun-
her and steel bills. But the real hope
Of economic readjustment lies in a
repeal OF the burdensome labor rules
and conditions imposed on the car
riers as death-bed legacy from the
Federal railroad administration.
This code. drawn up by men who
were in the habit Of creating enor-
nous deficits and covering them by
O U drafts on the Treasury, has
no scientific relation to the costs Of
railroading. 1t was framed with
political rather than economic con-
siderations in view. Congress would
have had to modify it, if government
operation had continued, in order to
escape a crushing burden of subsi-
dies to railroad labor. BY turning
the roads back to the nominal own
ers it has simply pushed the subsidy
burden on their shoulders.
Railroading is public service, not
a free private industry. It's labor
cost must be determined by the pub
lie, which also determines its reve-
nue. and it's profits or losses. The
government cannot avoid the duty Of
bringing these three elements into
accord, even If we are to preserve
the fiction Of private operation and
ownership.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

aviation force is tied TO the beach. "a
cannot operate with the feet ofen+
sively. 1t is q Jealous. ambitious, hard
working force of officers and men with
no organization and no war equipment.
1t cannot protect the feet from air at
tack. It cannot attack the enemy feet
in oversee war.
In this helpless condition our galland
naval aviators must wait until modern
airplane carriers are built and until
they are furnished with battle equip4
ment. 1t will require at least four
years to supply our aviation needs.
During this interval our surface feet
will be deprived Of vitality important
scouting and fighting force. Our bils
lion-dollar battle feet cannot approach
a hostile coast or a hostile feet if tha
enemy commands the air. What then
will it do7 This question must be an+
swered.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

The London Times tells of prolc-
tartan school. founded by Comrade
Anderson In Glasgow to teach the
young idea how to shoot--in a revo-
lutionary way. It has a children's
rebel song which runs:
"Class-conscious we arc singing.
Class-conscious all arc we.
For Labor now Is digging
Tho grave Of tho Boorxh-waw-
Two Of tho proletarian Ten Com
mandments (Scotch children, Of
course, must have & catechism) are
as follows:
"Thou shalt wage the Glass war. by
pointing out that the history Of all
recorded societies is an history Of
the Class struggle, and that the
emancipation Of the working class
from wage slavery must be brought
about by themselves"
"Thou shalt take part at all times
In the political and economic strug-
giles of the working class. Thou
shalt renounce craft unionism, and
work for the organization Of the
working class into one vast indus
trial union, to tnke and hold the
means Of life"
Not long ago a series Of articles in
The Tribune described Socialist Sun
day schools that have been estab-
lished in New York, and which, a
little more discreetly, distill tbs
poison of social hate, and, pretend.
ing to advance comradeship, would
destroy liberty and tho spirit Of co.
operation. But even children stall al
the doctrine. Even they know some.
thing Of Russia and Of what hap.
pened when an actual attempt was
made to apply the experiment Of get.
ting along without workers who
labor with their brains rather than
their hands.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
The Elwell Case

1t Is Welcome news that Mr.. Whit
man has taken over the records In
the Elwcll case and purposes to in
vestigate this extraordinary murder
thoroughly.
There Is no better illustration of
the current demonstration Of the
processes for the punishment Of
crime than the popular attitude
toward this case. There was no
especial sympathy with the victim.
1t was not popular demand for
punishment that led to criticism of
the officials in charge Of the investi-
cation. Popular suspicion and rumor
were based simply on that general
belief that justice has once more be-
come an elnolument of politics to be
dispensed as and when Tammany-
or it's side partner, Mr.. Hearst
directs.
This suspicion may well have been
entirely groundless IN the Elweu in
vestigation. It may be that every
effort was made to unearth the muir
derer and that pull protected no one.
In that case Mr.. Whitman's findings
will be valuable as removing an
unfounded suspicion in this particu-
lar crime. If the suspicion has any
foundation the public can count upon
Mr.. Whitman's skill as a prosecutor
to obtain justice-as he did with re-
spect to Patrolman Flood, whose
prosecution was sidetracked between
Police Headquarters and the office
Of the District Attorney.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Karl the Irresolute

The ex-Emperor Karl was treated
with suspicious lenity when he
dropped in on the Horthy govern
ment at Budapest and asked for the
keys to the royal palace. Admiral
Horthy also aspires to the crown of
st. Stephen. But if he can't get it
for himself he would probably be
glad to bestow it on Karl rather
than on any other Of the Hapsburgs.
The ex-Emperor was born to be a
compliant and colorless monarch.
AS Franz Josef's successor he was
the scapegoat for his own and
everybody else's blunder. Tired of
exile and deprivation, as he says, he
is now a suppliant for restoration.
The only thing that recommends
him to the monarchist party in Hun
gary is the fact that it can count on
using him without hindrance for its
own purposes.
The Hungarian people, Of all the
defeated Central powers, have their
minds bent most firmly on terri
torial restoration. The Magyar isn't
willing to forget his centuries of
domination in the Danube basin.
He means to restore the dimmed
glories of Magyarism. Karl is an
Austrian, but has sat on the Hun
garian throne. He therefore en-
bodies the idea Of reintegration
perhaps better than any other as
pirant for kingship Of the mutilated
Hungarian state.
If the Allied veto on his return
were lifted, the army and the gov
ernment would probably turn to him
gladly enough. Part of the army is
reported to have turned to him in
spite of the Allied prohibition and
in spite of his cheap prodigal son
adventure in Budapest. But though
he should succeed, Hungary would
gain only the shadow of king.
karPs performances during the
war were unheroic and futile. Per-
suaded by personal advisers like
Czernin that the dual monarchy
would be dissolved unless peace
were made in 1917, Karl angled for
separate terms with the Allies. He
let the Germans think that he was
working in concert with Bethmann-
Hollweg. But he would have sold
out Germany if he had had the cour-
age of his fears. The Prince Sixtus
negotiations collapsed when Berlin
smelled a rat and began to threaten
Vienna. Karl had to make his pill
grimage to Canossa, as Ludendorff
says, meaning German general
headquarters. There he tied himself
up so hard in the offensives against
Italy that he had no chance of draw
ing out and saving the empire when
the crash came in 1918.
Karl thus saved neither himself
nor his Austrian and Hungarian
subjects. He fell ignobly. Accord
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Mental Death at Twenty-one
Business Man Seconds Edison's Ad-

vice to Youthful Dreamers
To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: I read Mr.. Edison's remarks on
the young man dead mentally" at the
ago of twenty-one, and thought his ad-
vice to the youth of the land sound
sense. His epigram to my mind was no
doleful knell, and 1 passed it to tho
young men of my organization as q
warning, because have seen tho truth
Of it confirmed in my ffty-fve years
Of business life.
The young man who has not analyzed
himself, his purpose in the world, and
who has not realized that inexorable
laws, particularly those demanding
self-sacrifice and continuous industry
must be obeyed to arrive at success.
firmly believe is confronted with
mental death at twenty-one. Moreover,
at twenty-five his character is so
definitely and irrcvocably fixed that it
wellnigh becomes 3 physical express
sion.
In this I see nothing pessimistic
discouraging or depressing to the
youth of the land. l regard it as the
most benefcent advice, most suitable
in this period of immoderate frivolity
and social carelessness. Mr.. Edison
spoke truthfully and to the point, and
he will wake up the dreamers whose
cause you plead in an editorial.
1t makes no difference whether Law
renee painted masterpieces at seven
teen, or Seneca studied Greek success
fully at seventy. Mind wandering
comes from the crowded aspirations
Of youth, and the castles which tumble
down with each prod to the perform
ance of some boyish duty are
healthy.
Our educational systems are at fault
in failing to bring to the care-frec
mind the responsibility Of making it
live and grow. Upon the young mans
entrance into business there remain
but few years in which to pull him
self together, and Chance" as you say,
selects the occupations Of the great
majority"
No career should be left to chance
and mental death" Prior to twenty
one the young man should know his
aptitudcs and decide his course. If
not then, when? Mr.. Edison has fixed
definite period, a thing wholesome to
know; otherwise the procrastinating
nature will 60 on dreaming forever
throughout useless life.
ROBERT GAIR.
New York. March 80, 1921.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
The Cverbwdened Railroads

Senator Cummins rightly says that
railroad relief is at present a ques-
tion Of reducing operating costs. The
gross revenues of the carriers in
1920 were the highest on record. The
volume of freight and passenger
traffic was at it's peak. But of the
$6,250,000,000 Of revenue all but
$10,O0O,000 or so was eaten up by
operating expenses, taxes, etc.
Freight and passenger rates have
been increased to point where some
of them have begun to check the
natural expansion of traffic. The
public doesn't want to pay higher
rates. The railroads would rather
see rates go down than up. But if
operating costs are maintained at
their present excessive level, through
the decisions Of the Federal Labor
Board, the government will be put in
the position Of compelling railroad
stockholders to pay out of their de-
pleted pockets excess costs of trans
portation which Congress is not will
ing to saddle on the people, either in
their capacity as shippers and trav-
elers or in their capacity as tax
payers.
To force situation Of this sort is to
create an almost irresistible pressure
for government operation and owner
ship, which would please neither the
government nor the public. There is
one intermediate remedy, Mr.. Cum
minis points out That is to reduce
operating expenses and thus fulfill
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
The Viviani Interrogatory
The purposes of the Viviani mis-

The purposes of the Viviani mis-
sion are, of course, mildly expressed
in official statements, but it is not
difficult to guess at the question the
French envoy will have in his head
if not in his words as he confers
with President Harding and Secre-
tary Hughes.
What France asks is information
rs to what this country would prob
ably do if France should find her
self in the plight Of 1914. Would
we go to her aid were she again at
tackled from over the Rhine? This
is the supreme issue to France. All
else is incidental.
Russia was once her ally and part
ner to an agreement for mutual de-
fence. But Russia at present is un-
der German influence, and no one
knows where her influence will be in
the future, SO realistic French
craftsmanship turns to other posi-
BILE bulwarks of protection.
Would this country do again what
it did in 1917? If the answer is in
the affirmative, then France, an es-
sentially pacific nation, may be
counted on to lessen her army, to
put away her apprehensions and to
devote herself to internal reconstruc-
tion. But if France must depend
on herself, then she must be. pre-
pared.
1t is not easy to see how the rea-
sonableness Of the French policy can
be denied or how many can be blind
to the fact that on the answer to
her query depends the immediate fu-
ture of general disarmament and
the early realization Of peace aspira-
tions.
That It Is not necessary to have q
formal treaty M. Viviani doubtless
fully understands. The entente
with Great Britain that proved q
eAbla strong enough to hold was In
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Neglect of Naval Auiation

By Quarterback

Department. It's activities have been
scattered among various bureaus. There
has been much good work, but with so
many agencies uncoordinated and with
nobody responsible ther, could be little
progress. The so-calied director of
aviation can direct nothing. He is
powerless.
There is ray Of hope in the bill
now before Congress providing for q
bureau Of aviation. If this bill be-
comes a law the director of aviation
may be given sufficient authority to
enable him to make headway. But it
must be recognized that this bureau
shall function directly under the Navy
Department and in close touch with
the feet at all times. The propaganda
for united air service" as it Is now
being pushed, is a menace to naval
aviation. Whatever the arguments
may be for pool of the army with the
postoffice and other civil branches Of
aviation, they do not apply to the
navy. The navy floats. 1t is not
shore establishment. 1t goes to sea-
Naval aviation goes with the feet.
4 Part Of the Fleet
Naval planes differ from army and
commercial planes. They land upon
and take fight from the sea and from
ships. They are as much a distinct
part of the feet as are submarines and
destroyers. The personnel must be
bred to the sea. 1t must know the
language and methods of seagoing
forces. 1t must navigate and mancuver
with the feet. 1t must be thoroughly
educated in naval strategy and naval
tactics--in short, it must be thorough
ly "indoctrinated," ready and compe-
tent at all times to act in complete
harmony with naval and seagoing
traditions.
This recognition Of naval aviation
as a seagoing force having a status
quite apart from other governmental
aviation forces, which are, of necessity,
more closely allied and nterdependent,
is mere matter of common sense
1t goes without saying that the bureau
of naval aviation, though under the
Navy Department, will heartily CO.
ordinate and cooperate with the army
and with any other air forces, bureaus
or departments that may be estab-
iished. But the United States Navy
its feet and its auxiliaries-must re-
main under the Secretary of the Navy.
Airplane Carriers
The first step, therefore, is to create
bureau of naval aviation The next
step Is to put naval aviation into the
fleet To accomplish this airplane car
rlers OF high speed must be built to
carry combat, bombing and torpedo
planes. Furthermore, il may be nec-
essar2 for battleships, cruisers and
scouts to carry their own spotting (fre-
controD planes and fast scouting
planes. The conservatism which has
forbidden the installation Of planes and
their catapults on board ship will give
way when officers do a little thinking
and use their brains. Let them i'm
agine their disadvantage if the enemy
has these weapons and they have none!
The Navy Department is converting
a collier-the Jupiter-irto an airplane
carrier. But the speed of this ship is
only fourteen knots. She cannot cruise
with the battle feet in war. She is
mere school ship--nothing more.
Reviewing the situation. therefore,
we find that the United States naval
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Entering Wedge of Censorship

Entering Wedge Of Censorship
Every one will sympathize with
Governor Miller's statement that
something must be done in relation
to the moving picture situation. The
moving picture interests themselves
not only agree that there must be
housecleaning, but have already
entered upon a voluntary censor
ship.
The doubts that arise relate to
the assumption that a drastic CEN
sorship' is the only answer to the
problem. The plan discussed would
seemingly turn over the censorship of
the movies" to an administrative
board, which would have an abso-
lutte and, to all practical purposes,
final say as to what pictures are
moral and what are not.
Now, no experience of any COM
munity with censorship leaves any
enthusiasm for this mode Of curbing
immoral art. Governor Miller cites
the law prohibiting obscenity as an
existing censorship that is generally
approved. This seems to US an un-
fortunate comparison. In the first
place the law against lewdness ar4,
indecency already applies to the
movies" In the second place this
law, undoubtedly necessary to cover
extreme and manifest cases, has
been brought into contempt and dis
approval in SO far as the Society
for the Prevention Of 7ice has at
tempted to set itself up as a censor.
The late Anthony Comstock and now
Mr.. John S. Sumner are the nearest
approach to an administrative censor
we have had in New York. For
turately they were obliged to oper-
ate through the courts, which have
largely prevented preposterous acts
of censorship. But the whole ten
dency of this effort at censorship
has been stupid and injurious.
There is, we think, sharp dis
tinction between the punishment of
obscenity as a crime, by judicial
process, and an administrative regu-
lation by all-powerful censors. The
latter system is neither American
nor common sense. 1t offends the in
stincts of us all; and it does not
work, for the very clear reason that
no one mind or group of minds is
capable of deciding subtle questions
of morality with any degree of fair
ness and correctness. The question
of whether given book, or play, or
motion picture is moral or immoral
IN its effect is a question calling
for all the highest wisdom a COM
munity possesses. You cannot get
even a representation of such wis
dom to serve on a board Of censor
ship. You get Anthony Comstocks
and John S. Summers, with all the
narroWness and super-acuteness Of
scent for evil which experts in vice
inevitably develop.
1t should be understood that
downright obscenity is to-day pro-
hlbited in "movies" as everywhere
else. The question is rather Of tone,
of teaching, of implications and in
fiuence. These aspects of the
movies" we would just as soon turn
over to state censorship as we
would turn over the censorship of
all books to John S. Sumner or all
newspapers to Arthur S. Burleson.
And no sooner. We certainly hope
that the motion picture interests
will take speedy and efficient steps
to meet the Governors just criticism.
Equally we hope that the entering
wedge of a dictatorial and un-Amer-
lean censorship will not be here
driven in.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

xss ear purshas merchandise advertlssa In THE
rRiEuNE with absolute safsty--ssr II dssstirae-
tlsn results Ia any case the TRIBUNE ssaraA.
tees to pay your money back upsn request. Ne rsd
tare. Ne suihbiInu. We make uesd promptly II
the a6vertitsr 6ces set
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
A Perfect Description

fFrons Tho Philadelphia Evenino Bu,lS,in ,
No clearer definition of what con-
stitutes hyphenate has yet been given
than that enunciated by General Per-
shing at the American Legion meeting
In New York-"those who attemnt 10
decide An American question for .
foreign reason"
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
xxnRxa or THE ASSOCIATED rnYss

The Associated P.ess u eucluAiyely mtitlsi 70
ths for republication Of all dispatches
credited to It not otherwise credited IA this
paper and also the local nevs Of spontaneous
svtSin published herein.
AL rtSh,s Of republication sf all ether mater
Aarsn alss reserved.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
hIadrigal

MY love in her attire doth show her
wit"
Old song. And let mo spill this
observation:
Even in those ancient days she left
no bit,
No fraction to tho famed imagina-
tion.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

Cheating the Grim, ~ They Can Hin
Reaper
tFrom The Boston Transcript
FOR SALE--Famiy lot, three large graves
with beautiful monument. best part OF
Forest Hills Cemetery. Will exchange for
personal property prefer automobile. Going
away. Address F.C.N., Transcript, Boston 8.
According to Petrichcnko, Lenin is
losing control. Nor, another rumor
says, has he any longer a hop on his
fast one.
Pet Names
I have q little kitten
About four inches high:
I think I'll name her GrIzel,--
You know the reason why.
SYLVANIA.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Safe on First

I've broken into Briggs cartoon,
And into the space Of Haywood Broun:
But oh for the day
When I find my lay
Safe in the column Of r. P. A.
VIOLA I. PARADISE,
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
JOURNALISTIC JINGLES


s. The Society Column
Mr.. and Mrs. Whitney Parker Smythe Of
New Rochelle
Announce the marriage of their daughter,
Evelyn Adele.
To Mr.. Howard Titherinston of Morris
town. N. J..
BY the Rev. DR.. Beagle in tho Church
Across the Way.
The bride did can,cen service with the
Red Cross in the wa,
And the groom was a Lieutenant in the
Quartcrmastcr Corps.
For the Eas, Sid, Chldrcn's Fund a dance
Will be held a, the Ritz next week
By the League for the Cultural Advance.
The affair will be unique.
TO apply the principle, of hygiene
That the children learn in school.
The League will keep the kiddics clean
by building q swimming pool.
CH1CoT.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

The dullness Of brilliancy 4. not In
tising The Cosmopolitan speaks of
Oscar Wilde, very acute even though
q very witty critic"
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

Conc is the Pyrrhic phalanx, but we
have-apparently-the Pyrrhic quin-
quereme @As yet. In East Hartford,
where there is advertised for sale GIG
# rowboat,"
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01

Naval aviation forces to be effective
in war must be closely associated with
the fleet and must be so organized and
equipped that they can operate with
the feet at all times, either in home
waters or in distant seas. They are,
in fact, distinct part of the feet
an invaluable scouting force; an ele~
rnent of offense in the use of bombs,
torpedoes and mines against the enemy
coast and ships; an important factor
in controlling the gunfire of bat
tlesEips to secure accurate shoot
ing at long range, and a protection for
the fleet against the air forces of the
enemy.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Command of the Air

Our feet, losing control of the all
above itself, will be helpless against air
attack. 1t will be forced to seek refuge
IN home ports, and the navy will be
dependent upon the army air force to
protect our billion dollar fleet as well
as our coast from an enemy that has
had the foresight to supply its surface
feet with submarine ard air force s!
In other word:, a one-plane, one-idea
navy cannot stand up against three
plane, three-idea navy.
In the year Iceland still more in
the years to come-the surface feet
unlike those o. Nelson, Farragut and
Dewey, must command the air above
and the water below if it is to retain
the command Of the sea. The time has
come to recognize new weapons and to
supply the auxiliary forces essential to
a modern lighting navy. Otherwise the
United States may spend another bill
lion and find itself with helpless fleet
The personnel Of tho naval air force
49, @"u Always mas peen, energetlc, enl
cient and brave. The failure to de-
velop & feet air-force must be charged d
to the neglect of the Navy Department
in past years. There has been no or
ganization worthy of the name despite
the repeated efforts Of naval officers.
Eight years ago Admiral Fiske recon-
mended bureau of aviation. His sug-
gestion WAS ignored. Appropriations
for aviation were ruthlcssly cut by the
Secretary In 1914-15. Aviation has
had no head and no home at the Navy
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
A Serious Loss

(From The Milxaukee Sent1!e,D
Secretary Denby is all right. But
gosh. how the paragraphers will miss
Josephus! :
New-York tribune., 1921-04-01
Katie at 'SThe Bat"

KAtI6 at The Bat"
Twas at
"The Bat
The stage was black,
The house was hushed,
And ali up my back
The goosefesh rushed.
| painted hard with nerves all tense,
And thought the mystic scene i'm
menSe.
Just as tbs lights began to glow,
A girl who sat across the aisle
All dressed up in the latest style
Leaned forward to address her beau.
Much quieter than the well-known
mouse
Was that excited, wrought-up house
When out the gloom this girl let fly:
George. Pm not fat as that. am II"