Evening journal., 1921-07-18
PERU FREEDOM
100 YEARS OLD
South American Republic
To Observe lndepend-
ence day on July 2S
HARDING SENDS
II. S. DELEGATES


Independence Day. on July 2s, and |
on behalf Of the United States. Prosi-
dent Harding has sent an official
delegation to Lima to take part in
the festivities. In connection with
the celebration OF the anniversary.
the Nauontl Geographical Society
has issued from its Washington. d.
C.. headquarters. the following bulle-
tin on Peru:
Most countries, unless they are
continental IN extent" says the bull
leun, must be content with small
range OF climatic conditions, but
Peru. occupying less than a tenth Of
south America. has every climate
under heaven, together with many
OF the products that go with them.
II has the sand dunes OF the Sa
hara: the fertile. sun-bathed, irri-
gated valleys of California; the dry
grazing lands Of Australia; the pro-
ductive mountain valleys and up
lands Of Kashmir; the snowy peaks
of Switzerland and the tropical
iungles Of Central Africa and Brazil.
Much OF Peru Is occupied by the
towering Andes with few passes less
than 5000 feet high and with nu-
merous peaks exceeding 1000 feet.
These great ramparts are chiefly re-
sponsible for the diversity of Peru's
climatic conditions. They precipi-
tate the moisture Of the Atlantic
winds and so create the tropical
haf fr
bases toward the interior OF the con-
hnent; thrust slopes and platoaus
up into the cool regions Of the
upper air. and cut off the Pacific
eoaet section from the moisture
laden winds. making much Of it a
desert.
Although the strip OF Peru be-
tween the Pacific and the western
foothills Of the Andes is devoid OF
rain and largely desert many streams
from the mountains traverse this
region. and the relatively narrow
valleys. irrigated from their waters.
constitute the most fertile land OF
The country. There grow cotton.
sugar-cane. corn. vineyards and olive
trees, various fruits. and practically
an other products Of the semi-tropi-
oal regions. From the most remote
part OF Peru. on the east side OF the
Andes. come the products Of the
country with which Americans are
perhaps most familiar: Quinine.
cocaine. rubber and cocoa.
isolated on the Pacific coast OF
South America before the building
Of the Panama Canal. and because
pf the world war. not yet receiving
he full benefit Of that great water.
way. Peru is not well-known to IN,
people OF the United States In manl
cases. no doubt. Il is looked upon a.
D small patch Of territory. In rcalit,
IL is only a little less than a third
The area OF the United States. ex.
elusive Of Alaska and Is larger thar
the latter territory. IL has a sea
coast Of approximately 1900 miles
practically equal 10 the Pacific coast
line Of the United States. south G
Canada.
III Peru were laid down on the
surface OF the United States so that
is southernmost point coincided
with the southernmost projection OF
Texas. Its northeastern corner would
western extremity near Cheyenne
tVyo. The rough triangle would
cover practically all OF Texas Okla.
homa and Kansas, half OF Nebraska
PARTS Of Illinois. Missouri. Colorado
iowa and South Dakota. and frag
rents Of New Mexico and Wyoming
Peru, no less than the United
States contains a mixture OF races
The total population Is not accurateh
known, but is probably more thai
5000. 900. The chief numerical ele
mcnt in the population Is made up r.
the civilized Indians. numberin
about 1900. 900. who live for IN
most part in the upland plains an
on the mountain slopes. The nun
her OF wild Indians In the tropic,
iungles Is not accurately known.
addition to the Indians there Is
large number of mixed Indian an
Spanish stock. These together wit
the relatively few inhabitants
pure Spanish descent. have large
controlled the political fortunes
Peru.
The compleDty of the raci
makeup of Peru has been increase
by the importation in the past
large numbers Of Negro laborer
and later Of Chinese coolies. The
have intermarried with each 9TH
and with the Indians. bringing abo
the existence in parts Of the count
of unusual hybrid types.
Peru was the last OF the Soul
American colonies 10 throw on q
yoke OF Spain. Lima was the seat
government for the administratiC
of the entire continent The vicerC
maintained there a court which W;
a faithful copy on a minor scale
the court al Madrid. and kept mar
OF the Spanish nobility about hir
Monarchial sentiment was stror
and the few patriots who wished
follow tho examples Of other color
les and establish their independents
we're unable 10 make headway. FIJI
ally san Martin, an Argentinian gei
eral. persuaded his own countrymt
and the Chileans that their indepei
dence could be made safe only I
driving the spaniards from Peru. T
spent many years In his labors TO Ii
crate the Peruvians. He succeed,
in entering Lima with his army
July 3. 1871 and on July 2S. issu
the Peruvian proclamation Of ind
pendence. He was made protect
and served until a Peruvian Congre
was elected"
HBERNIANS GO WEST.