davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1921-03-24
Former lronton Builders In California.

Former lronton Builders In California.
(Colton, CAL, Daily -Herald.l
1t would be hard to find two men in
Cotton who are more familiar with
the upbuilding of this community
than Messrs. N. L. Farmer and E. T.
Elgan, general contractors, who came
here from Ironton, Missouri, 15 years
ago, and have been active in the
building industry here ever since that
time.
1t is said that they can build any
thing of which plan could be made.
This was proven last year when Mr..
Farmer built miniature model of
Memorial Park, with the municipal
bath house, walks, band stand, base
ball grand stand, tennis courts, trees,
lawns, shrubs, etc., which was ex-
hibited at the Orange Show last year.
The beautiful oak counter at the
Southern California Gas Company
Office, the high school bus, and many
wonderful pieces of hand carved
furniture are some of the works of
art of Mr.. Farmers hand.
He and Mr.. Elgan have always
been willing to assist in community
work, and oftentimes donated their
services when it took them away
from their other work. Mr.. Farmer
spent many days of his time last year
in building the Orange Show exhibit
and made no charge of this time.
Farmer & Elgan have probably
built more homes in Cotton than any
one now living here and have un-
shakable faith in the future of the
city. Mr.. Farmer is always very
conservative in his statements, there
fore his opinion as to the future pros
poets is to be valued, because it
comes from conclusions drawn from
acquiring thorough knowledge of
the local situation. In an interview
with Tribune Herald reporter, Mr..
Farmer said:
81 am sure that the public will soon
learn that any further drop in build
| ing material prices will be very slight.
Probably not more than 10 or Is per
cent at the most, and am sure that
it is not worth waiting for. People
will soon have to begin to build, and
when they do it will start real build
ing boom in Southern California, and
then prices of building materials will
advance, and wages will be on the up
ward trend. Naturally real estate
values will also go up, and those who
waited two long will not save any
money by doing so.
"Colton has the transportation
facilities to make it the best little city
in Southern California from an in
dustrial point of view, and when we
take our other advantages into con-
sideration, / am inclined to think that
no community has us beaten very
much. We have all the conveniences
here that anyone could ask; the best
water have ever tasted, natural gas,
good sewer system, splendid elec-
trio system, well-paved streets, and
best Of all our schools have the
reputation of being the best in the
county.
~ am sure there is going to be
something doing In Cotton that vii
make Of this one Of the most pro
gressive communities in the state
and for that reason I believe we cal
safely give the advice that is used 8,
much BY stock statesmen, Get in Of
the urnt1nd foar,J
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1921-03-24
Weather Report.

Meteorological Report Of Coopera-
tive Observer at Ironton, Iron County,
Mo-, for the week ending Monday,
March 7, 1921:
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1921-03-24

not been set. The bondsmen and ad-
ministrators are in conference today
Saturday with view to coming to
some agreement as to the terms of
settlement.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1921-03-24

NOTE. The precipitation includes
rain, hail, sleet and melted snow, and
is recorded in inches and hundredths.
Ten inches of snow equal one inch of
rain. "T'' indicates trace of precipita-
ton. ARCADIA COLLEGE Observer.
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
DR.. Judson Urges Radical
Changes in Curriculum

From Chicago comes view that IL car
red into action would be drastic in its effect
on educational methods. IL is voiced by
President Harry Pratt Judson of the Uni
versity Of Chicago. Here IS this radical
opinion in President Judson's words:
"In my opinion. there is altogether too
much time spent in the elementary schools.
l believe tdat the work which rs ordinarily
spread over eight years could be adequately
done in six. As matter of fact we have
tested this In the laboratory schools of the
University of Chicago. We have done tho
work in seven years even better than was
formerly doi @ i'm eight, and shortly IT will be
done in six.
Il believe there should be a radical change
in tho curriculum of our schools and col
leges. our experience here has confirmed
the belief that the elective system needs
modification. and require not
much specific subjects as specific groups OF
subjects.
There is very much waste of time and Of
energy in the curriculum Colleges overlap
the secondary schools and secondary schools
overlap the elementary schools"
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Wider appreciation of College
Promotes Fellowship of World

In this enlargement of academic reforma-
tion the appreciation OF the worth of the
university and the college in promoting the
fellowship of the world is becoming more
and more. evident. With or without formal
leagues of nations, the nations are becom-
ing more united, despite superficial evil
dences to the contrary and in such union
and in such unity the university is creating
reciprocal atmospheres of good will and is
educating men into the fellowships that
belong to broad vision, to high human and
humane purpose and to our appreciation Of
spiritual values. II commerce is the golden
cable that unites nations, the university
stands for the truth and for the manhood
which Joins individuals and races.
Yet there are other reforms, contem.
plated or attempted, which merit brief con
sideration. OF them. perhaps the proposed
or actual increase in fees for tuition is
most timely. Such increase arises in part
from the high costs caused by the war. IL
also arises from a frmer belief that those
who have the direct benefit OF the higher or
professional education should meet large
share OF It's cost. The higher education is
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Elmer E. Brown, Chancellor of New
York University, who contributes inn
portant views on the general subject
of educational reform.

money is condition. Pure intellectual
work deserves. for the safety Of the Repub-
lie and of the race, larger material remu-
neration
Yet II Is to he said-and the saying Illus
trates the need of certain special aca-
demic emphasis--thst more constant atten-
tion should be given to the personal ele
nent in education. America knows that
the man is more important than the ma
chine, the boy than the building, the spir'
itual person than the physical part of that
person, but America should feel this higher
Importance.
The colleges are coming to recognize this
higher Importance, and in the future this
recognition will go on into richest results
for the noblest culture of the individual
and of the whole community.
To one further reform, now quietly under
way. | wish to refer; It is the change from
emphasis on the subjects or courses OF
study to the student himself.
Faculties have been concerned great
deal with the number of hours which the
student has devoted to this department or
to that division: to the number of cred
its' he has gained in mathematics or mod
ern language Faculties have been prone
TO the peril Of observing their own rules,
so prone that they have been in peril Of
forgetting the real and ultimate goal for
which the college was provided and TO
which they devote themselves, viz, the
student.
Hopeful at present is the condition aris-
ing from the transfer of this interest to the
student himself. The primary question is:
Has the student become an educated man?
Does the student belong to the society OF
scholars? Has the student learned some
what of the great business of life? 1t is
good In itself, and II is even. better in
hopefulness that the human element is TAX
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

change, or at least is the peril of change,
from intellectual quickening to intellectual
stagnation, from intellectual acuteness to
intellectual obtuseness, from intellectual
Iaboriousness to intellectual laziness, from
to intellectual vicariousness To the ad-
vanced and mature student the lecture sys-
tenn has many and rich advantages; to the
immature it has few
Passing into a broader field we found
two or three reforms closely connected,
which are of the greatest value and which
possess rich promise of fruitfulness
One of these reforms touches upon the
relations of colleges to each other. For
merly colleges were inclined to he jealous
rivals. Intercollegiate depreciations ruled
in the academic exchanges. These depreci-
ations were current among trustees and
graduates as we'll as among students and
professors. Such mood and outlook no
longer obtain. It is recognized that all
colleges and universities rest on the same
foundation-public confidence and support:
that all use the same essential means and
by similar methods, and that all are going
forward to an identical end, the training
o. the democracy. Each mas NoIh idI eA
ceeding it's power and each has students
outnumbering it's teaching facilities.
It has, indeed, come to be recognized that
the enlargement of one college finally helps
on the enlargement of all, and that the in
crease of gifts to one university or one
class of universities ultimately results In
the increase of endowment of all sister In
stitutions.
Such reconciliations are accompanied,
too, with growing sense Of the duty OF
each university of adjusting It's work to its
own environment and constituency. In
this sense each institution should seek to
avoid duplication of academic service and
equipment. Alike, and necessarily alike, In
giving instruction in many fundamental
subjects, universities may properly differ
in giving instruction and in pursuing re-
searches in certain unique fields and re
fnements of learning Certain American
archaeological researches for instance, can
best be pursued in New Mexico and Ari-
zona: let not Harvard or Yale or Princeton
make any similar attempt. Certain govern
mental or sociological studies or researches
can best be followed out in New York city;
let not the Western universities spend
money in like fields. Such intercollegiate
differentihtions are economical in money
and in personnel and promotive of high
scholastic achievement.
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

expensive and becomes more expensive.
It becomes more expensive by reason OF
the enlargement of it's facilities of instruc-
ton and also by reason of its improved
methods Higher education, too has ceased
in it's great relations to be regarded as a
charity. Economically, however, 1t is still
a charity For each student usually pays
about one-half of it's actual cost. Be 1t
added that medical education is the most
costly of all forms of education. Each med
ical student costs the nation each year OF
his course in the best schools from $500 TO
800. The School of Medicine OF Western
Reserve pays out for each student about
$1,500 year and he pays back $500.
In the undergraduate college is distinct
movement toward making education pay
for itself The movement will not, and per-
Laps SHOULD not, wholly succeed, but the
tendency is wholesome and necessary.
With this increase at the other end or
the academic budget is another increase,
viz, in the salary Of the professor. Most
worthy to, is this movement and fraught
with hopefulness Among many reasons
which the movement commands'is the rea-
son that intellectual services should re-
ceive a higher pecuniary recognition In
such services money is never an end, but
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

Harry Pratt Judson, president of the
University of Chicago, who has ex-
pressed decided ideas on improved
educational methods.
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Chancellor Brown Favors
More Methodology ofStudy
- HANCELLOR ELMER p. BROWN

~ HANCELLOR ELMER p. BROWN
of New York University admits that
~ he is chiefly interested in the dis
covery OF that period of young mans life
when he makes his own decision either to
learn or not to learn.
I'm my observations" he writes, "the chief
danger period in education Is a four year
period covering the last three years of the
grammar school and the first year of the
high school, The transition from the first
to the second year of tho high school is very
nearly as perilous as that from the last ee-
mentary year to the first high school year.
1t is perhaps to be expected that the first
year of the high school should sift out stu
dents who are unwilling or unable to pursue
the high school course to the end, but we
have as yet no adequate provision for an
educational alternative in the case OF those
who are found to be misfits In the ordinary
high school, whether literary or technical.
'In New York University we have never
gone the full length OF free election of col
ege courses. We have always made definite
reuuir ements, with a view TO both breadth
and conference in the work OF the individual
student. There are two things which seem
to be desirable as definite requirements of a
college course which. nevertheless we have
not yet found it practicable to require. One
of these would De n severe lntTouucVory
training in the methodoogy OF thought and
of study Our courses in laboratory science
provide such an Introduction to methodoiogy
on one side of the curriculum. but this is
only fragmentary. We have yet to work out
an Introductory course which shall be or
ganically related to all that follows, in some
such way as the course in formal logic was
Introductory to the whole curriculum of
the medieval universities.
1--WE need for juniors and seniors a
course which has not yet been provided, in
troductory to the mature practice of living.
Such course should concern itself with the
choice of a vocation and with the other re-
lations of the citizen TO the community. 1t
should be civic, economic and ethical in its
b character--all three / hope to see such
course worked out in some Of our colleges.
In the meantime shall all be interested
i'm following the development of the new
course in Introduction to American institu-
tons which has been introduced at Columbia
University"
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Changes College Suggested Leading Educators

Another is the recognition of colleges OF their primary
end, which s educate man, not as member of
one calling enlarge and TO enrich his simple human
ity."
CHANCELLOR E. E. BROWN of New York University
looks for the establishment Of Introductory to
the mature practice Of living.
"Sueh should itself with the choice Of
with the other relations of the citizen to the
community IL should be civic, economic and ethical"
PRESIDENT H. c. KING of Oberlin College believes
college education should bring the student into
sharing In the intellectual and spiritual achieve
mc Of the
"Thc educational goal is not reached without this
sona sharing and this sharing in the spirit the vital mat
ter"
PRESIDENT n. p. JUDSoN Of the University of Chi
easo sees the necessity Of radical change in the curriculum
Of our schools o the colleges.
There very much waste of times colleges overlap the
schools and secondary schools overlap the eemen
tsry schools"
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
DR.. King Sees No Chaos
In Present Conditions

President Henry Churchill King Of Oberp
College, Obern, Ohio, takes up the Ave
questions in order:
II doubt whether any single period in
the course of education can be held respon-
sible for unsa tsfactory results.
live are trying to hold before our
selves pretty definitely certain educational
and psychological principles Perhaps I can
not put our point of view more briefly than
70 say that II seems TO me t;A-. -Jiivge
education should bring tho student into some
personal sharing In the great intellectual
and spiritual achievements of the race And
for our own time that clearly implies that
the college should help its students to some
genuine personal charing in the scientific
spirit and method, in the historical spirit,
in the philosophic mind in aesthetic appre-
ciaton. in the social consciousness with the
great ethical determinations (including some
insight into economic and social and political
conditons) and religious disCernment and
commitment This general requirement In
dcatcs the main lines Of the college cur
rlculum but II calls for much more than
mere acquaintance with the facts in these
various realms. 1t sees clearly that the
educational goal is not reached in any OF
these realms without personal sharing in
the corresponding spirit, and that this shar-
ing I'm the spirit Is tho vital matter.
I'LL do not think that tho college
standards need 20 be. regarded as chaotic at
ALL When they arc rightly thought through
they form a rational unity that can he well
justified.
w. think there Is no reason why there
should not be a considerable elective element
in a college course Of study, but IL should
be coupled with carefully thought out
group or major system that would guard the
outstanding needs indicated in Point III.
"V--1 do not think It is desirable TO pre-
scribe everything In college course of
study. And, other things being equal.
fairly wide range OF election for the part Of
the course left elective is desirable rather
than otherwise"
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Institutions Already Making Important
Changes in Methods, Writes DR.. Thwing,
and Other Educators Agree in Needs

Thomas
A.
W college graduates particular
called while admissions
frankly made defensive attitude
could hidden
to of
rnentay nevertheless the
of
least, change.
which Dean West Princeton threw
of
would altogether
wabby which
English, mathematics kind of uni
three"
did
chaotic
naionast
retired the of vled
studied
firmly attached knowledge danger of getting the
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

0OLLECE reform. as DIR. CHARLES F. THWING, prcsi-
dent of the Western Reserve University, sees them ae-
complished under
Reform the college regarding its nonsense its waste
of time inefences but regarding its essential and
fundament ntal sentiment.
Zone reform relates legislation administration 1t
is summed up in the word Unity.
"a second reform that has been accomplished the pass
the of the student from linguistic and
phosophc subjects social themes Philosophy has given
up half of her realm psychology, Latin commands no
longer general following Greek has only few defenders
Of her historic and noble fortresses.
Behind this is the desire OF the student to
make direct approach to the studies which he regards
as of primary value.
In the relations of colleges to each other the enlarge
ment Of helps the enlargement OF all. But each
should avoid duplication Of equipment
Increasc in the salary Of the professor most worthy
movement of reform, fraught with hopefulness
"a further reform is the change from emphasis the
courses of study to the student himself
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

The actual exchange OF teachers them.
selves is likewise promising of fine results
Such exchanges are not limited to this
country. Before the war German and
American exchanges were in progress
French and English still continue Harvard
has for several years, too, given of her dis
tinguished scholars to colleges in Iowa
Colorado and other States for teaching
serrice covering months of each annual
SESSION.
Neither are such hospitalities, given and
accepted, confined to the teaching staff
Students also belong to such reciprocities
The most outsts nding instance, of course,
is found In the Rhodes scholars This
British-American system is becoming more
and more firmly lodged in the universities
and colleges of the United States, and Ok
ford the welcoming and hospitabe mother,
recognizes it's beautiful and lasting worth.
On the opposite side of the academic guest
and host II only an American Cecil Rhodes
could by gift or bequest lay down similar
foundation to endow British students, both
men and women, for entering American in
stitutions the circle OF academic reciprocity
would be made complete. Some time, and
perhaps soon, such foundation will be
laid.
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
By DR.. CHARLES F. THWINC,
President Western Reserve University

T certain fields of the higher education
no reform is under discussion The
agreement is general and hearty,
though not unanimous. that the purpose Of
college education is sound and solid. That
purpose is expressed under many diverse
interpretations. To give man understand
ing, to transmute knowledge into wisdom,
IL lift the individual above narrowness of
intellectual vision into breadth, to create a
sense of cubical relations of life, are inti-
nations of the aim of the college. In Sc
curing this aim, and perhaps forming a
part of the aim itself, the power to think to
reason. to Judge. to weigh evidence, to in
fer from logical premises, represent i'm
portant steps. To educate man as man, not
as member of one calling. to enlarge and
to enrich his simple humanity, is the pri-
mary end. In this purpose most college
men agree.
Neither is any reform attempted in re-
spect to the value of the atmosphere" Of
college life. Reform is thought of regard
ing its nonsense, its waste Of time, its in
efficiencies, but not regarding its essential
and fundamental sentiment. The college
age is the age cf youth. Ii is the age Of
vision, of hope. of ambition of the morn
ing's light, of cares which do not burden,
OF responsibilities which do not fret, of the
storing up of memories which are to last.
Most critics of the colleges are willing for
such an atmosphere to linger in the aca-
demc cloisters. In such willingness they
have the support of Matthew Arnold and
John Henry Newman.
But there are furthermore reforms which
have recently been achieved or which are
well under way.
One of these reforms relates to legisla-
tion and administration. This reform may
he summed up in the word unity. Three
bodies are most intimately concerned with
the carrying on of the American college
and university, the trustees (sometimes
called regents), the president and the
faculty. The trustees are the legislative, or
directing body; the president is the exec
utive and the faculty are concerned with
teaching and research. The functions thus
performed are at once distinct and also in.
timatey related.
At the present time the tendency is
strong toward increasing intimacy and ef-
fective coworking. For instance, within a
few months members of faculties in West
ern Reserve University have been chosen
for the board OF trustees and the trustees
OF this university have also requested the
faculties OF the several colleges to perform
that most delicate and difficult duty of pre-
pairing for ultimate submission to them
selves the annual budgets. Such increas-
ing intimacy, such ALLEGATION of financial
responsibilities are subject to objections,
hut the arguments in favor outweigh the
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

it takes no prophet but mere ordinary
observer of current tendency to realize
In order to make these things so clear
that he who runs may read this newspaper
has concerned itself with the following
questions:
l. Is Mr.. Edison right when he finds
that the danger period i'm education is
from the tenth to the fourteenth year,
because. he says, the present system of
primary teaching atrophies link between
the senses and the brain?
III. Are there standards of teaching TO
which your institution adheres, and have
they produced approximately the results
hoped for?
Ill If these standards are chaotic, as
has been charged by certain educators.
would you approve of an utter change or
of simplihcation of them?
Nv. Is the selectve course elective
study success or a failure? If the latter,
would you urge cutting away of this
practice and substituting for it rigid
return to fundamental studies?
" What studies. in your view. should be
eliminated in order to get more time to
devote to course best suited to give
general all around education?
With these questions before them as a
theme Dr. Charles f. Thwing. president Of
Western Reserve University. has written for
THE New YORK HERALD paper that he calls
Reforms in the Higher Education of the
Nation" and Chancellor Brown of New York
University, President Judson of the Univer-
sity of Chicago and President King of Ober-
lin College have given their views. which, in
addition to Dr. Thwing's treatise, are pre-
sented herewith.