davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
ACTIVE CAREER ENDED

Fairmont, October Malcolm Al 8
drich, for thirty eight years a res
ident Of Fairmont, major part OF
the time inf1uentially connected with
all the city's affairs, has crossed the
Great Divide. He died yesterday.
ternal growth about year ago. It
had been steadily making inroads.
upon his life blood. He had bravely
held up against what relatives and
friends recognized as a fatal condt-
ton, all the time insisting that he
was getting better and declining to
accept their earnest entreaties to re-
sort. to untried methods and painless
ly after a busy career Of sixty one
years
Mr.. and Mrs. Aldrich came to Fair
mont as bride and bridegroom IN
May OF 1888, and have resided here
continuously. Mr.. Aldrich immed-
lately entered the employ Of The Sen
tinel as foreman. He continued with
the paper, in different capacities in
GLIDING that of editor, for nearly thir-
the paper to- II, s. Farley and entered
the employ OF The independent, where
he remained In active control until
his health failed.
Summing up his activities during
his long residence here we note:
Thirty years with The Sentinel
Three years with Independent
Twenty -four years member Fair
mont school board.
Two years as city treasurer.
Two terms as High Priest OF Fair
mont chapter. =
Two years Worshipful5 Master OF
Fairmont lodge.
Two years Grand Patron Eastern
Star lodge.
In, all these positions. Mr.. Aldrich
served faithfully and efficiently.
showing interest and concern for the
| welfare OF the community.
Added to the positions OF honor
and trust Mr.. Aldrich> took much
pride in the fact that for eighteen
years he and his faithful wife sang
regularly every Sunday In the Con-
EDUCATIONAL choir.
Surviving are the wife and four
children: Wayne, in the newspaper
business at Brady, Mont; Mrs. Irma
Sund = Plentywood Mont:
Mrs. Hazel Bass, Ottawa, Ill. Mack
employed in Minneapolis hank. s
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
Associated Press Dispatchl

Duluth, Mimi, October 3.-John
|Hikkinen, age twenty five. who yes
terday morning is alleged to have
murdered one man; seriously wound
ed another; shot Duluth policeman
in the arm and engaged in a pistol
duel with a squad of police detectives
before he was shot and captured, raj
lied from the effects Of his wounds
during the night and is expected to
recover, physicians said today.
John Maxi, hotel manager, who
Hikkinen is said to have shot without
warning after the latter had shot and
killed Waino Pauttu. is in critical
condition.
Patrolman Conrad Lading, Hikki-
mems third target, had the bone In
his left arm shattered by pistol bull
let. He is not seriously hurt:
Arguing Over Largest Nose.
Witnesses said Hikkinen and Pauttu
were arguing over who had the largest
nose shortly before two in the morn
ing when Hikkinen drew a revolver
and shot Pauttu Through the heart.
Iaki was shot a short time later by
Hikkinen when, he said, he opened the
door to his hotel, expecting to care
LOT ldte arrival.
Patrolman Lading. stationed several
blocks from the scene OF the first
shooting, received his wound when
IHikkinen dashed around a street cor
ner firing as he ran. Disappearing
through an alley, Hikkinen was not
located until about $3.50 a. m. as he
was trudging up Thomson hill, near
Nopeming. He was accosted by three
detectives of the Duluth police de-
partment Not recognizing their man.
the detectives asked IL he would like
to ride. Recognizing the officers.
Hikknen's answer was yolley OF
shots. from revolver. All shots went
wild. Leaping to cover by the road
side, the detectives opened ire on
Hikkinen as he ran down the road
He drorped with lone bullet wound
in his hack.
HlkkInen Had Been Drinking.
| Two hours before the first crime.
4fskinen danced with Anna. Arvnla
at the Finnish Workers hall. The
girl told police she believed Hikkinen
had been drinking moonshine.
Police are wcridng on. the theory
that Hikkinen, intoxicated and jealous
because Pauttus had paid attention to
Miss Arvola. easily worked himself
into rage when Pauttu questioned
the size Of his nose.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
Plans Discussed For Inves.
tigation Waco Affair
MAY CALL GRAND JURY
Wounded Policeman Claims He
Recognized One of His
. AssaiIants
ASSOCIATED Press Dispatch


Chicago, October 4.-The ku
kIux Khan ensenders "deep ha-
tired" In the hearts Of creeds or
: races disseminated against par
ticularIy when the Khan lays claim
to a one hundred per cent Amer.
ieanism," John v. ciinnin, assist
ant United States district attor-
ney said In a statement after an
investigation of the organization.
The investigation resulted af-
ter reports had reached federal
authorities that Transportation
was planned by the organization
that might possibly result In race
trouble and property damage, Mr..
clinnin said.
There is nothing In the char
ter of a sinister or mystic nature,
he declared, "but 10 IL apparent
that membership 10 autoniatIcal-
iy barred to negroes, catholics
and Jews"
Wage, Texas, October 4.-Discus
sion of last Saturday nights clasl
at Lorena, a small town near here
when ten persons were wounded
three seriously, after Sheriff Bol
Buchanan Of McLennan county, ha,
attempted to halt a parade Of x,
Klux Klansmen, today continued re-
plete with conjectures q to probabl,
official action in connection with thu
District Judge r. I. Munroe and T
B.. Tierey, county prosecutor, wer,
reticent about their plans but 1t wa!
reported the calling of grand jur,
was within the realm of probabili
ties. Those empowered to call tn,
grand jury were said to be awaiting
the outcome Of the injuries to Sher.
iff Buchanan, Ed. Howard, q local po
proprietor, who are the most serious.
~ hurt.
RECOGNIZED One AssaiIant.
The sheriff received a bullet wounl
I'm one lung and one leg, while How.
ard and Grow, who were spectators
were stabbed. Physicians have de;
clined to permit the three men tt
talk of the affair. However, Grow
Is understood to have informed rela.
tives that he recognized one of his
The whole affair-even to the
of Sheriff Buchanan's
gun, which disappeared during the
melee-continues to be shrouded In
mystery and manv persons here are
Of the opinion that official investiga.
ton may add bat little to the facts
Following closely upon the Lorens
clash came denunciation of the Klar
from the benches of six distric
courts in Texas yesterday.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
cARIGNAN NOT GUILTY
Superior Hotel Man Cleared Of Fed
eral Mann Act Charge
Associated Press Dispatch.

IAssoclated Press Dispatch.I
Madison, Wis, October 3.--Adolph
Carignan, Superior, Wis, hotel prop
rietor, was found not guilty of viola
ton of the federal Mann act by q
jury In the United States district
court today.
He was Indicted by a federal grand
jury at La Crosse In December g.
1919, on four counts, charging him
with transporting two Superior girls
from Iron River, Wis. to Duluth
MINI. The jury reached a verdict al
two a. m. Sunday, after ten hours OF
consideration The verdict was re-
turned sealed and opened in court
this morning.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
PROFITABLE ENTERPRISE
City Of Sleepy Eye Has One In It's
Heating Plant

Especial To The Free PressJ
Sleepy Eye, Mimi, September-3 30
That the city of Sleepy Eye will
within few years own very profit
able enterprise in the form Of cen
trail heating plant, Is indicated by
the annual report that has just been
given out covering the last years
business of the local heating system
Sixty cuisines places and residences
are furnished heat from the local
plant. Waste steam from the city
plant is used. Five years ago the
plant cost $S5,500, local business men
heat have paid back over $4,000 OF
this money and 1t is estimated that
within seven years the city will
own the plant free from debt, with
an earning capacity of upwards OF
$4,000 a year.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
PASTORS ARE PLACED
Erv. e. H.-Knehans Reappointed Pa.
Tor Of Centenary Church, Mankato

Rev. {. H.Knehans Reappointed Pas.
tor of Centenary Church, Mankato
The following appointments were
made at the close Of the conference
held by the Methodist Episcopal
ehurch at Wascca this morning:
: E. H. JKnehans, Mankato; J. r.
Hitchcock. North Mankato; c. w.
Morse, Amboy; w J. Ferris, Blue
Earth; E.. G. Horn, Fairmont; W. w.
Brown. Garden CITY: e. E. Teachout,
Winnebago: William Valdez, st.
Peter; J. w. Bostron, Madelia; G. N.
Hardin, Sleepy Eye; and D. L. Main
of Redwood Falls.
Next years conference will be held
at Winona.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
Hand Injured In Cora shredds

Winona, October 4.-The hand Of
John Haeuser of Fountain City was
amputated four inches below the lei :.
bow as a result of injuries received
when his hand was caught in corn
Zeller of Waumandee lost his righi
hand at the wrist as result Of q
similar accident.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
MAYOR AS POLICEMAN

His Honor Has Placed Intoxicated In
dividual Under Arrest.
Earl Knapp. an ex- soldier who was
arrested by Mayor w. A. Beach Sat-
urday forenoon and then turned over
to Officer Cornelius Cotter, who tool
the offender to the police station
was sentenced by Judge Hiram Gof
Saturday afternoon to pay fine o.
ten dollars and costs. The young
man was accused OF drunkenness and
accosting women on South From,
street.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
FREED BY WOLVES
Michigan Farm Hand Sought Safety
From HoWling Pack

lAssOclated Press Dlapatch.J
Ironwood, Mich, October Sur
rounded by a pack of wolves after
dusk a few nights ago, Andrew Koi-
honen, a farm hand working on a
farm near Lake Superior had to re-
main in a tree all night to avoid be-
ing eaten, according to information
received here today. He was walk
ing through the woods when he heard
the howl OF wolves. Seeing several
he climbed a tree. The wolves
stayed all night. Shortly after day
light they disappeared.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
Snow In Michigan.

Associated Press ,Dispatch.I
Ironwood, Mich, October 3.-Sleet
here this morning. The temperature
was about ~ degrees at ten o'clock
This. Is the first sleet and snow Of
the season.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
Boy scouts Save Train.

Omaha, October 3.-Jaines Caldwell
and Clarence Swingholm. boy scouts.
saved Burlington train from possible
serious wreck when they tagged IT aft
er finding tree across the tracks at
Camp Clifford.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
rIyr,tsS press nSsna t M,"s'

MINNEAPOLIS, October 3.-Fire last
NIGHT destroyed part OF the mills Of the
washburn Crosby Milling Company,
which may cause the plant to be shut
down for several weeks. The damage Is
estimated at $4,000.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
DEATH OF c. Il. BoxRUD.
Redwina Merchant Pa

Prominent Redwine Merchant Pass.
ed Away Late Yesterday.
Associated Press Dispatchl
Redying Mimi. October SC. H
Boxrud. seventy SIX. a pioneer mer.
chant of Redwing. Aand member ,oi
h se Ar,a 100 .. poarau &onpany, one o.
soutrern Minnesota, died late yes
<trday from heart Nsease, from
VhIch be had long suffered
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
Death Of Wisconsin Pioneer.

g. UlfHIand Center. WIS. Uct0ber 81
p G James. seventv-fiye. pioneer
resident, and La Toilette prpgres-
tive reiuhlican leader In thisS, Sec
len died tndav. He was a former
Utnher OF the Legislature.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
GUN BATTLE
Shooting In-Finnish Quar-
ter Results In Death
TWO OTHERS INJURED
TroubIeArose Over LongestNose;
Slayer Finally Wounded
BY Detectives

Duluth, MIMI, October 3.--In
an alleged confession today, job
mar Hikkinen admitted to the po-
lice that he sot and killed Wal
no Pauttu, but denied that he shot
John Maxi and Patroiman Conrad
Lading. Proped up In his bed at
a local hospital where he was
taken yesterday morning after HE
capture by detectives, Hikkinen
who has q bullet wound In his
right side, Is said to-have told
authorities that he fled from the
city Immediately after the shoot
inc and did not figure In the
shooting Of the two other men.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
ahootinu Affrax In. l1,,I,,tb

Duluth. Mimi. October S~-Two men
were killed, another probably fatally in
jured and q fourth shot through the
arm. a. the result Of shooting ARRAY
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07
PEAT. FIRES CHECKED

North State Late Yesterday
[Asscciated Press Dispatchl
Duluth, Mimi, October 3.-Light
showers fell throughout Northeast
ern Minnesota late yesterday and
temporarily checked the many small
peat and brush fires reported to be
burning over the district, Henry G.
Weber, state forester supervisor fol
the northeastern district, left Duluth
this morning for Kelsey to inspect
the brush and peat bog fires near
that place.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1921-10-07

James Doyle of Waldorf Mirn
reported to the police the loss OF q
brown overcoat. two larNe.s AID a
ladies brown cloak on Saturday.
e. Bertche, living on route four,
reported the theft of a sheepskir
coat from his auto which ne LEI
parked on Second street Saturday
night.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
REVEALS HEROISM
OF ARMY OFFICER
Red Cross Tells of Great Brav-
cry Shown by Modern
Nathan Hale.

BY international News Service:
CHICAGO, Feb. 19.-The story OF
how an Illinois officer in A. r. T.
played part OF a Nathan Hale 20
that Americas first great offensive
might be successful was told here
Saturday for the first time by the
American Red Cross. Its narration
was made possible BY the discovery
by the Red Cross OF an unmarked
grave behind the lines once held
by German forces at Cantigny and
an investigation proved II 20 De
that Of Lieut.. Julian Oliver Kendall.
10 was on May % 1918 that First
Lieut. Julian Oliver Kendall. son OF
an old Illinois family for which
Kendall county was named first
took his place in the jumping of
trenches directly in front Of Cantig-
n.y. Re was in command OF the adj
vanced party and as he waited for
the order 20 advance. strange noises
came from mo mans land"
With an enlisted man. Lieut.. Ken
dali started 90 investigate. They had
not gone far when the noises grew
louder. Ordering the private 70 re-
main behind, Lieut.. Kendall went
forward. He never was seen again.
That night German raiding parties.
seeking Information. attacked the
advanced American lines Thanks
% Kendall. the men who held them
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
LEAGUE or WONEN
VOTERS TO STUDY
PROPOSED BILLS

Discussion OF the Child Welfare
and School Attendance bill and the
|5iu relating 20 equal guardianship
, children by father and mother
IN he presented bv Miss Elizabeth
'Turner and Miss Helen Dernhach
- a meeting of the League of Wo-
ynen voters 90 De held Monday even
ing at s o'clock in the community
room OF the Y. ". G. A.
Both Miss Turner and Miss Dern-
bach were I'm indianapolis during
4atter part OF the week in the
Interests OF the bills they viii pre-
Isent. Mrs l. s. Fickenscher will
Ioutline the bill now before the leg
|islature which refers 20 women and
children in industry and the mini
mum wage scale.
Preceding the program a ward
Icaucus TO be held at 7:2O O'Clock
for the purpose of electiuE ward
chairman Will convene. Plans for
the first annual league luncheon 10
be held March s Will Ice formulated
Monday evening.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
Plan Investigation Of
Crash of Postal Plane

By International News Service:
MINNEAPOLIS, Mimi, Feb. 10.
An official investigation OF the
mail plane crash in which Pilot c.
c. Eversole. made a parachute drop
OF $500 feet will be conducted here.
according TO Carl F. Egge, superin-
tendent OF the Twin Cities mail
service. who was in 81. Louis Satur-
day.
Postal officials are not at all Ger
tain that Eversole's spectacular leap
was necessary. Eversole was ordered
to remain IN Minneapolis pending
the outcome.
The plane. a twin-motored De-
Haviland. valued a. $4,000 was
demolished.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
JOHNSON CONCERN
J RECEIVER NAMED
Union Trust Co. TO Direct Or.
erations of Local Motor
Wheel Co.

\ The Union Trust Co. was named
receiver FOR the Johnson Motor
wheel Co, in the superior court
Saturday morning by Judge Chester
~ montgomery and Joseph T. Nen.
treasurer OF the trust companv.
qualified as receiver.
g. A. Farsbaugh. counsel for the
Johnson company. offered no OBJ
Rlectlon % the appointment Of the
= receiver.
The complaints presented by
mad Talcott In the main are true"
said Mr.. Fara bGugh 20 the court.
and the company has been en-
deavoring 90 stavc Off q recelvership
Tor some time. The inevitable has
come and we can offer no objection
TO the appointment"
5Ihe receiver Is empowered 70
Ftarry on the operations o. the John
son Co, and 20 work up into COM
plete stock the raw material and
Partially completed material now on
hand, thus 20 realize more assets for
the creditors and stockholders Of
the financially involved concern.
The suit 20 throw the motor
wheel company into receivership
was instituted late Friday in the
superior court by the Eclipse
count against the Motor company Of
S34.s55.S7
The financial condition is such. the
complaint recites, that the company
is In imminent danger of insolvency.
a total indebtedness of S2OO 900 is
scheduled against the Johnson con-
Germ most OF which il is alleged is
held by local banks and is owing to
various creditors
The company financial crisis be
came so acute. the receivership suit
sets out. that the creditors called a
meeting on Dec. s. 1920 i'm which "a
creditors committee was named to
assist the embarrassed firm in soIv-
ing the situation. The creditors com
mittee decided at that time they
would accept ontes payable Oct. L.
1921 against the concern and thus
allow il an extension Of time. pro-
viding that the company would levy
an assessment against it's stOckhold-
~ to raise $4,000 90 aid the
4 SNpany- This the stockholders re-
1 fused 90 do.
The application OF a receiver
further recites that the company's
inventories total $3.50. 900 and that a
] part OF this is i'm either unfinished
product or product upon which man
\ ufacture has been started but in
complete. It further shows that the
company is In such dire financial
straits that it's actual cash resources
have been exhausted and also that
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
Post RerUwd for Arrest
of Teachers MurdererS

CLEVELAND, o.. Feb. ia re-
ward of $4,000 for the arrest and
conviction OF the murderer or muir
|derers of Misses Louise Wolfe and
Mabel FoOte, "nO part Of which is
o go TO any public official" was Sat
}lrday offered by the board OF county
commissioners. The two women
|vere brutaIly murdered Wednesday
evening. their bodies being discover
d Thursday morning by pupils at
Parma rural high school where
1hey were teachers
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
Eruptions of the Skin
Cause Torturous Itching

comes from the use of lotions, salves.
ointments and other local remedies.
SIS. has given great satisfaction
in the treatment OF these disorders.
because IT IS such a thoroughly salts
factory blood purifier. II cleanses
the blood OF all impurities. and thus
cOunteracts the effects OF the germs
that attack the skin
Begin taking S.SS. today, and if
you will write a complete history OF
your case. our medical adviser will
give YOU expert advice without
charge. Address Chief Medical Ad-
wiser, s22 Swift Laborator&-. Atlanta.
Ga. ADV.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20

we're alert. and when the Germans
were repulsed several Prushan Off
GERS were left behind as prisoners
From them q was learned that an
American lieutenant had been cap
tured in mo mans land" shortly be-
fore the raid.
Later Il was learned that Lieut..
Kendall. although in uniform. had
been shot as a spy wher he refused
20 divulge information regarding the
American troops. The official rec
ords and the report OF the Red Cross
reached Mrs. Frank Kendall, the
mother here today.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20

If YOU are afflicted with any form
Of skin disorder. YOU are well ac-
quainted with the flaming. burning
itching that these diseases produce.
SO many people continue to suffer
from eczema. letter. and other forms
Of skin disease because they do not
seek the source of their suffering.
and no disease can be successfully
cOmbatted unless attacked at its
source.
Skin diseases are caused by an i'm
purity or disorder in the blood, and
there is no real and genuine relief
within your reach until such impur-
tiles are removed.
This explains why disappointment
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
N MONDAYS PAPER.

Watch for the special Blackstone
district page. which appears exclu-
sively in Mondays News-Times. You
will be interested.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-02-20
ECZE MA
CAN BE CURED
Free Proof You

All want is name and address 50 can send
aljus t. Ihat only argument
20 amS o
o
according
Ence
heum mir how d-nyt
in
&c DrugEi Mains Fortws Ind
~
Post
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-01-08
BOWERS Will
MEET SUNDAY
To Complete Plans For the
Northwest Bowling Tour
narnent in This City.

A meeting Of oil bowlers OF Grand.
Forks who are Interested in the
Northwest Bowling Tournament to be
held here January NJ to %, inclusive,
will be held Sunday afternoon at q:
o'clock at Wilde's. At this tire
complete plans for the entertainmeht
and the housing Of the several.shun-
dred bowlers who are to attend will
9 fmade. Committees to care for. tho
numerous details in handling the
tournament will be chosen and final
preparations for the opening Will be
completed, according to an announce
ment made this morning by D. F. Nc
Gowan, secretary of the Northwest
Bowling association.
Numerous entries from various
Epnrts of North Dakota, South Dako-
ia, Manitoba and Minnesota havs
been received, Mr.. MCGOWAN said
this morning, \ Entries for the big
tournament must be in by Wednes-
day, January IL. Up to the present
time 48 teams have been entered and
when the entries close mex Wednes-
day the number is expected to reach
the 60 mark. This will mean that
800 men will take part in the tour
ney. s.
The; following number Of teams
have been. entered from the various
cities :inaassnthe northwest. Grand
Forks Is, Lisbon l, Aberdeen. s. D.,
2; Crookston S. Fargo 10, Winnipeg
8, Rugby /, Minot 4 and st. Paul 2,
Application blanks have been sent ia
the following towns by request, but
have not been returned as yet: Be.
midi, Red Lake Falls, I. Northwood
! Tower, City, Valley City, jamestown
and Brainerd.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-01-08
TO RUN FIVE DAYS A WEEK.

Minneapolis. Jan. S.-Three rail-
roads, Minneapolis. st. Paul and Sault
Ste Marie, Minneapolis and st. Louis,
and the Great Northern today an
nounced reductions of forces. The 500
line, according to Edmund Penning-
ton, will- operate d five-day week in
their shops, affecting about 1,400 men.
w. H. Bremner, president Of the
M. g. st. L., estimated that 1,150 en-
ployes had been laid off the entire
system since September /.
\ The Great Northern Is reducing its
forces. wherever possible, partly be-
cause there is always reduction in
winter andspartly due to a s%lackening,
G. r. Matin, vice president, declared.