davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1921-02-11

the British, or anybody but conducted
my campaigns by selling the grain Of the
country as we advanced. | lost the
Crimea because | had no more munitions
and clothing for my men.
London, Feb. 7th. An enquiry carried
out in official circles with reference to
the statement by Mr.. Austen Chamber
lain in his speech at Birmingham last
Friday night. that the United States
Govt. had vetoed a British suggestion
for a general writing off Of inter-AlIled
Obligations, tends to show that the Chan
~cellor's declaration was based on mis-
information. 1t became known here
that one British official, who checked up
the data at the treasury during the after
neon, found that the matter never had
been made, the subject of formal TX
changes between the British and Uni
ted States GOvts. Mr.. Chamberlain de-
clined today to ampIify or common up
on the statement he made in his Bir-
!ningham speech. In another reliably
informed quarter, it was declared that
the matter had only come up in informal
discussions between allied financial re-
representatives. at the Paris peace CON
ference, where the writing off was first
suggested by the French to the United
States representatives and by them to
the British.
London, February 8th.-The London
Tines discussing the indian situation
today asserts that the Govt's. reforms
in that country will be success 3ful. T e
newspaper predicts that Indian politics
will move into calmer water" as a re-
suit of the recent developments in the
Indian Empire.
New York, Feb. 9th. Raw sugar was
quiet and unchanged early today at 81
fortCuba's, cost and freight, equal to 4.64
for ~centrifugaIs. In refined, there ap-
pears to be a little better inquiry from
some quarters. Prices were unchanged
at 6.85 for fine granula ed. Advices
from Cuba indicating that sales there
would probably be controlled by a COM
mittee, led the renewed buying in sugar
futures, and prices at midday were Is to
30 points net higher. Sugar futures:--
March 4,05 to Ais, May 439 to 4.4O,
July 4. SO to 400, September 4.78 TO 48O.
Berlin, Feb. 7th. Articles urging the
students volunteers to proclaim a Soviet
Govt. are being printed by the "Neue
Zeitung", the Bolshevik organ at Mu-
Mich, it is announced in Munich des-
patches. The "Freiheit' and the "Vos-
sische Zeitung" take a serious view of
the student movement, which they de-
clare is developing rapidly.
Rome, Feb. 7th.-Count Sforza, the
Foreign Minister, in the Chamber of
IDENTITIES todav made the imnOrt3n5 an
, 1921-02-11

invincibility led to webbing during the
war, but he asserted that the whole
basis of German propaganda had been
dissipated in Greece. THE next result
of the war" said Mr.. Venizelos, Were
not only prostration of Germany, the
dissolution Of Austria Hungary and the
dissentigration of Russia. but included
the dissolution Of the Turkish Empire.
Besides this, not only a million Armeni-
ans, but half a million Greeks have teen
deported during the war and SINCE.
The possibility of restoring in any degree
what ever the rule of the Turk, by re-
vision # the treaty, is incredible up
holding the cause of the peoples who
recently Quilted him. NJ. Venizelos de-
clared that although he was no longer
Premier or a member of the Greek Govt,
he intended to work for Greece. Con
s%tantine is a negligible man of 81 a prey
to chronic illhealth and will not sit on
the throne for anything like a spar of
life remaining to him. During this peri
cd Germany will never raise her martial
head again.. He concluded by assert
ing t at the return of Constantine is but
of only internal importance and should
not influence the Allied Policy with re-
gard to Greece.
London, Feb. 7th.-A despatch to the
Central News from Copenhagen says the
BoIshevik newspaper "Izvestia" reports
that the entire revolutionary Committee
in Siberia has been tried by the Soviet
Tribunal at Tomsk on charges of secret
and ~treacherous negotiations with Japan.
NJ. Chekoff, Foreign Minister Of the far
Eastern Republic and five other members
of the Committee were given life SEN
fences. The despatch says the Soviet
Govt. is now arranging an agreement
with China against Japan. The lives
tia, is quoted, in an exchange telegraph
despatch from Berlin, as stating that
the Anglo.Russian trade nego iations
have been broken off. The break it Is
declared is over Great Britain's demands
that the Soviet Govt. carry on no pro-
paganda in Persia or A~fghanistan. The
newspaper is quoted as adding that Rus
sia's acceptance of the emands would
be the equivalent to recognition Of the
British sphere If influence in these u
tries.
Constantinople, Feb. 7th.-The Rus
sian Bolshevik are unable to maintain
themselves without war declared Gener-
al Wrangel, the South Russian anti-Bol-
shevik leader, in a statement there to-
day, said they are pre- pairing ar attack
on Poland. and Rumania which they will
go through like a shot, he predicted.
The biggest question in the world today
is the Russian question:, said General
NuocOol ord Qualification 10 hoinn mon.
, 1921-02-11
NOTICE.
AMERICAN MOTOR SCHOONER
mystery"
200 Tons Register

U. S. Contract Mail Packet will until
further arrive at Frederiksted every
Friday night Commencing Friday 18th.
inst from St. Thomas, V. /. Returnin
to San Juan. Porto Rico via St. Thorn
as on Saturdays at 6 O'Clock p. H., &C.
cepting passengers and freight.
Special accommodations given passen-
gers, nd on account of her size one can
travel in comfort.
First Class Passage to St Thomas
$500 U. S. Currency.
First Glass Passage to San Juan 5000
U. S. Currency.
Freight Rates on application at the
Agency.
THOS. RAMSAY,
No. 12Strand Stree, F~rederiksted,
St. Croix, V. /. u. S. A.
Feb. 10, 1921.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10

steps to allow tenants to
acquire land of their own
on comparatively easy
terms. Even then it was
difficult for the tenant
farmer to get a farm
large enough to work
profitably. Today in
Ireland there are 100000
"farms" of less than 80
acres each, nearly 300,-
900 Of these are less than
Is acres in extent and
84,869 are of one acre or
less!
In addition the Irish
farmer who had gotten
hold Of a small tract of
land found, in many
cases, that he had mere
ly exchanged masters.
In place of the absentee
English lord he now had
the stgombeen man" to
serve. -
The "gombeen man" is
what would be known in
our own South as a
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10

the American farmer, is
convinced that he must
have political power to
remedy some of the
abuses that cooperation
can not reach. The fight
for Irish freedom has
gone on ever since Eng
land first acquired do
ninion there. The Eng
lish parliament has now
passed a so-called home
rule bill granting partial
political freedom.
When the Irish gain
the opportunity to make
their own laws, either
under the modified plan
of home rule that. Eng
land is now willing to
grant Or under the Irish
republic, for which Sim
. Fein is fighting, the
farmers of Ireland be-
lieve they can remedy
the ills which co-opera-.
tion has yet been unable
to reach. :s,s:.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10
MAN FROM AMERICA
SAVED DAY FOR THE IRISH

This was the condition that existed in 1889 when
Horace Plunkett returned from America to Ireland.
Plunkett, a native of Ireland, had emigrated to
America and had made fortune there, raising cat
tie on the broad prairies of Nebraska and nearby
states. With his fortune made he returned to
Ireland and there Of disaster and desoation
met him on every hand.
The competition of Danish butter was the most
urgent matter that faced the farmers of Ireland.
Don't you know what is the matter?" Sir Horace
Plunkett Ito give him his present title) asked the
Irish farmers. "Danish farmers are outselling you
in the English market because they have learned
the lesson of organizing and cooperating and you
haven't learned it. :..
"Ireland can produce good butter as Denmark
but every little farm and hamlet produces differ
ent grade Of butter The English housewife who
buys butter wants the color and grade that
she bought last week. The Danish butter makers
give it to her. because all their product is grad
ed and standardized, and yours isn't"
Plunkett got little help at first For two years he
could interest only two or three people, but these
friends deeply interested that they gave up
their time and with him toured all of Ireland,
preaching the doctrine of cooperation showing the
farmers what the farmers of Denmark had done
and telling them that they could do the same.
Finally start was made In a few localities CO.
operative creaneries were started. These cream
cries turned out uniform grade of butter that
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10

four divisions are by no means as closely united"
as they might be.
Ireland is the farming section of the United
Kingdom Three-fourths Of it's population either
depend directly upon agriculture for a living,
or indirectly, through direct business with the
farmers.
In the United States the farming sections have
lost population in the last 80 years, compared with
other sections, because farming has become less
profitable business. The same thing has happened
to the United Kingdom. 1t has happened there to
greater extent than in the United States possibly
because the Irish farmers not only follow different
occupation but also of different and religion
from the business classes which govern them.
Rather than attempt struggle that seemed
equal millions of Irish farmers and members of
their families gave up the fight and enligrated to
America.
To show the immense change in the farming and
industrial population of the United Kingdom,
pare the of 1841 with the of 1911 the
last British In 1841 the population of Eng
land, Scotland and Wales was 18,534332 and the
population of Ireland 8196,597. Ireland had over
80 per cent of the population of the United King
dom; England, Scotland and Wales less than 70
per cent. But in 1911 the population of England,
Scotland and Wales, which had become largely in
dustrial, had grown to 40831 1896, increase of
more than 100 per cent, while the population of
Ireland had dropped to 4,390,219, barely more than
half Of what it had 70 years BEFORE and less than
10 per cent Of the total population of the United
Kingdom.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10
ABSENTEE LANDLORDISM
AND THE "GOMBEEN MAN"

The original basis Of Ireland's trouble was the
absentee landlord system. It was the system of
landlord and tenant that is threatening America
today made more serious by the fact that the
of the land generally of different race and
religion from the tenant. There was no incentive
for the tenant to improve the land he farmed; he
did it meant merely larger rent. Civil warfare
sprang up The landlords lost, in deprecated value
of their property, as we'll as the tenants. Thou
sands of Irish starved and millions emigrated.
The English ruling classes in the course of time
discovered the evils of the tenancy system and took
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10

This is the of series of articles agricultural
cooperation in European countries The first article
agricultural in France appeared in the issue
of December e. The next article will in early
ISSUE
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10

"credit merchant" He generally operates small
store. At the beginning of the season he extends
to the Irish farmer limited amount of credit at
high rate of interest. Thereafter the farmer is in
his grip. He must sell his produce to the "gombeen
man. at the prices which he is offered and when the
"gombeen man" tells him to- After every sale the
farmer had to repay the "gombeen man" whatever
was demanded on the original loan and, renew it.
Hundreds of farmers, unable to meet their pay
ments of course lost their farms. The "gombeen"
men held themselves above the rest of the
munity. Their and daughters intermarried
and the tendency was to create a caste system lit
tie if any better than that maintained by the Eng
lish aristocracy. .--
To make matters at this stage English
buyers in the early 8Qs began to refuse to buy Irish
butter. Ireland's butter had been of it's prin-
cipal exports, an industry on which thousands of
farm families, with tract of one or two acres of
land and few cows, depended for their entire liv
ing. Instead of buying Irish butter, however, the
housewives of England began demanding Danish
butter and in consequence thousands of Irish fami-
lies again were faced with starvation.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10

MOST people know, England, Ire
land, Scotland and Wales together
comprise what is known as "the Unit
ed Kingdom" though it doesn't re-
quire five minutes reading Of daily
paper to form the conclusion that the
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10
POLITICAL POWER NEEDED
TO BACK UP COOPERATION

Before the war the cooperative credit societies,
this joint guarantee, were able to borrow money
at rates of between 8 and per cent This money
loaned out to individual farmers at the popular
rate of penny pound per month, or per cent
the purpose for which it was secured A man bor-
rowing money to buy would make payments
by monthly installments, as he got his milk check
from the cooperative creamery Another farmer
buying pigs or fertilizer would have to wait six
months or more before his pigs were fat or his
crop ready to market and would repay in a lump
sum. ~ .&E
Under the cooperative plans agriculture in Ire
land has made great strides. But it would be idle
to pretend that the cooperative movement has solv
ed all the farmers problems. In the 10 years be-
tween 1901 and 1911, when the cooperative move
ment was winning it's success, the population Of
Ireland declined 6S,556. This was smaller decline
than during any previous 10-year period for 70
years, but it decline. The Irish farmer, like
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-01-10
Forced Organize Protect Themselves From Total Ruin
a Hands Of "Gombeen Man'-Their Success

could be depended upon. They found no difficulty
in selling their product on the English market AS
the non-organized farmers saw the success being
won by the organized farmers they began to or
ganize, too. One early result of the new market
that opened for Irish butter was that the price
of milk, which had been pence per gallon az
cents per QUARTZ increased to pence per gallon.
This was, of course, long before the era of war
prices.
After having proved that cooperation would
work in the dairy industry the Irish farmers next
started their attack upon the "gombeen man." They
did this by organizing what are called "agricu-
tural societies." These societies distributive
societies. They are for the farmers of Ireland what
cooperative stores are for the farmers of North
Dakota and other states. These societies buy fer
tzers and cattle feed at wholesale prices for their
members, agricultural machinery and other neces-
sites. AS in the of the French co-operatives,
in many cases the agricultural societies buy the
chinery and rent it out to the members, who have
farms too small to make such purchases for them
selves alone.
Next the Irish cooperative movement took the
same step, which, we have previously seen, was
taken by the farmers of France. This was the or
ganization of agricultural banks" or cooperative
credit societies. This was a direct blow at the
"gombeen man" and was bitterly fought. In the
cooperative societies personal credit is the rule
rather than basing the loans upon land. That is,
there 20 members of an agricultural credit So
ciety the loan made to one member is guaranteed
by the other 10.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
NEW FINANCING FOR
", B. AND A.; LOAN OF
S1,6OO.OOO IS FLOkTED

New financing has been arranged by
the Washington. Baltimore and Annap-
oils Electric Railroad Company. which
will take the form OF an issue Of ST.
100000 first mortgage per cent
bonds The securities have been un-
derwritten by a syndicate OF bankers
consisting OF Robert Garrett & Sons.
Maekubin, Goodrich & Co and the
Fidelity Securities Corporation, OF this
city, and Tucker, Anthony & Co. and
Stone & Webster. Inc, OF New York
and Boston. The sale OF the bonds to
the banking group was announced yes
terday afternoon by President George
T. Bishop. a public offering will he
made early next week.
These bonds are a part of total
authorized issue OF s7,5OO,00C dated
March l. 1911. and due March /, 1871
Of which there are al present out
standing approximately $5.126,000.
The londs purchased by the bankers
are pledged as part security for an
Issue .of S1,400.000 collateral trust
per cent notes. due 1929. which issu'
was sold to The Fidelity Trust Com
pany. All Of these notes will lie re
tired at 100 and interest upon the com
pletion of the present financing.
The connection Tucker. Anthony :
Co and Stone & Webster. Inc, hav,
with the new financing is of particula
interest in local circles. as thes,
concerns have not heretofore teei
identified with the electric line II wa
pointed out that the wide expeTienC,
of the out-of-town companies in Tho
public utility field. as well as theil
excellent source of distribution among
investors in their respective markets
brings TO the Washington, Baltimore
and Annapolis new financial follow
ing and a more diversified market for
It's londs The company's securities
are listed on 10th the Baltimore and
Cleveland stock exchanges.
Directors of the Washington, Balti-
more and Annapolis at meeting held
yesterday declared the regular quart
erly dividend of 1 u per cent. upon ST.
1890 preferred stock and a quarter
Y Dividend OF / per cent: upon III
100000 common stock. 10th payabl
January l to stockholders Of RECORD
December II.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Fined For Maltreating Horse

John Harris. colored. of Mulberry
Hill. North Severn. was fined So and
costs last night by Justice Welch for
cruelty to a horse Harris tied the
animal 10 a tree and kept it exposed
to the severe weather. and. it was
claimed. refused TO give it food. This
Harris denied. Agent ]. c. Blaisdell
OF the S T. C. A, when informed OF
the condition of the horse, went TO
Mulberry Hill and shot il. Harris was
then arrested.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Phone Rate Hearing

The Public Service Commission To-
day heard the application of the
Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone
Company to continue its present
rates, the order governing which ex'
pires the end of the year.
The company, according 10 its
statements. is now earning at the rate
OF only about 512 per cent. on the
value of its property, estimated in
round figures al $4,000. 600 as OF last
August
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Would Force Other Powers

If France carried out such a project
ii was added, other naval powers
would be compelled to increase large
~ their present navies and no reduc-
ton in the number of ships would be
possible.
Arthur ]. Balfour. head OF the
British delegation. gave notice today
that Great Britain would propose to
he armament conference an agree
moat providing for the total abolition
OF submarines.
The announcement also said Mr.
Baifour would take the submarine
cues ion before an open session of the
conference, thus supporting :. Prev
GUS statement in British circles that
Great Britain desired an opDnr.urity
20 state her case before tln world.
British spokesman declared, however
that acceptance of the sos ratio plar
was in no way contingent upon favor
allie action bv the conference OK
Great Rritains proposal that sub
marines be abolished as lawful nava
weapons.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
The Modern Version

Rub-He who dances must pay the
fiddler.
Dub-Tho jazz drummer. you mean.
New York Sun.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Optimism Fades Away

The French proposals. however
swept away even an optimistic after
math result in conference circles OF
the British. American and Ja03neoe
naval agreement announced yesterday.
1t was plain that the objection pre-
scented in well informed curriers' that
if the French Government planned 10
press for such naval program as
outlined " the British spokesman,
nothing that has been accomplished
up to this time in the naval conference
could be made effective. A complete
result If any nation elected to add ten
capital ships to its feet at this ;ime.
it was said.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16

It is not known just what a grand
goblin has to do. but the rivalry indi-
Gates that the position is regarded as
esirable.-Wash. Evening Star.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Conference i Stunned

Announcements by British spokes-
men that France has asked before the
naval subcommittee of fifteen for
authority to build ten 35,000-ton CAPT
al ships struck 'the arms conference
with stunning force
The proposal was SO wholly out OF
record with the plans on which the
naval conferees have proceeded up to
this time that there was a strong in
,lination in British and American
circles not TO take it seriously
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Oueen OF H:s Home

Doctor would suggest diet
Patient-Well, it viii hare % be
something that agrees with the cock
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
j. S. YIELDS TO
JAPAN, DECLARES
MISSOURI SENATOR

CONTINUED From Page ~
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16
Italy Would Build. Too

Iiaiy, although indicating disap-
)royal of such a building program, is
Iaid to have told the arms conference
kat if France constructed ten sucl
ships. she must carry out a similar
building program. The combined
7rcnch and Italian fleets thus would
100000 tons stronger than the
British or American armament under
he revised figures outlined on yes
terday by the Big Three
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-12-16

l preponderance of new post-Jutland
ype craft over all nations.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-09-04
LAWYERS ENTERTAINED
BY A|RMEN At DAYTON
Bar Association Members Wit
ness Practical Tests by
Army AYiaiors.
IBy Associated Press. J

DAYTON. ONO. Sept. g. Test
flights, intended to demonstrates the
practical side of aviation, were made
by army aviators here today before
the special aviation committee of the
American Bar Association and Il
party Of 500 delegates, who came here
from Cincinnati. where they at
tended the forty fourth annual CON
vcntion Of the association. The
harr!sters were guests of the Mont
Sofnery County Bar Association.
The airplanc demonstrations were
made to give tho aviation committee.
which is framing recommendations
for legislation to regulate acronau-
ties. an idea of the practical DIM
rultics of aviation. Two members Of
the committee. William =. Nc
Cracker. Of Chicago. and George @.
BoGcrt OF Ithaca. y. Y. made
flights from Mccook Field the local
army aviation station.
An automobile tour of the city and
dinner rendered by John II. Pat
tcrson. local manufacturer. at his
suburban home formed Il part OF TN"
days program. The guests were
welcomed on their arrival this morn
ing by Robert X. Ncvin and Frederic k
Patterson, OF Dayton, with George
Holland. of Cleveland. responding FOR
the associa zion In the absence Of
President Severance.