The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1921-09-09
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Fezuela, the last of the A legally constituted vice.
rOys Of Peru. reported that the whole country was
ripe for rebellion. and that, although he realized
the danger, he was unable to take effective precau-
tionary means, since he could In no way foretel
from what direction the blow would come. The
royal troops at his disposal amounted to $4,000 men
-7.S15 in Lima and CallaO; 8,4S5 quartered at Cuz-
co, AreQuipa, and Nauxa 5000 in upper Peru and
700 at Pisco and Caneta on the coast.
So 1t was that preparations to free Peru from
Spain were largely made in distant Buenos Aires.
IL 1914 General de San Martin began the task OF
creating the "Andes Army his plan Of campaign
being to march across the Andes to Chile. JAN
uary II, 1917, he began his march, with 26O regi-
mental officers and $500 foot soldiers. There were
three divisions under Generals Las Heras. AL
varadO and Condo. There were 1000 horses and
1921 mules with supplies and equipment.
The army, crossing through Uspallata pass a.
500 feet) entered Santiago in February. The bat
tie Of Maipu, April 5, ended Spanish power In
Chile. Then San Martin induced the Chileans to
gather a fleet, without which successful invasion
of Peru could not be made.
Lord Cochrane, a British nObleman with a dis
tlnguished naval record, accepted command of the
feet and hoisted his. flag on the O'Higgins Deem
Der p, 1918. All the ships were commanded by
British officers: the one exception was Captain
Worster, an American. After several cruises and
some minor fighting the fleet returned to Val
paraiso In December 1919. BY this time General
de San Martin was nearly ready to embark, having
obtained aid from the foreign merchants Of Buenos
Aires. In August Of 1920 he had at Valparaiso
a force OF 4,5OO-fve infantry battalions and two
regiments of cavalry.
August q General de San Martins expedition
sailed from Valparaiso. Lord Cochrane in command
of the feet. September Z the troops landed in Par
accas bay. After a successful expedition to the
interior, San Martin re-embarked and established
headquarters to the north Of Lima.
San Martin had wisely chosen his Headquarters
as near the capital as possible. On December 3,
1920. an entire Spanish battalion, $50 strong, con-
sisting chiefly of Colombians, went over to the pa
triOts and, shortly afterwards, 80 Peruvian officers
and a lumber OF cadets arrived from Lima. San
Martins line now extended from the sea to Say
an, a distance OF about 20 miles; the Spanish army,
under Pezuela, occupying a position about 6 miles
north Of Lima. Early in 1921 discomfort arose
among the officers in the Spanish army, and on
the Goth Of January, an insubordinate letter signed
by all Of the generals was addressed to the vice
roy, calling upon him to resign and to deliver his
command to Gen. Jose de la Serna. Pezuela had
no alternative but to obey, says the Bulletin Of the
m Union.
Immediately after the deposition OF the viceroy
San Martin raised the first battalion Of Peruvians.
Regardless Of the irregularity, de la Serna was de-
clared viceroy. being eventually recognized by the
Spanish government. and an emissary arrived
from Spain to ascertain the demands Of the patri-
OTIS and arrange a compromise. San Martin, de-
claring an armistice of 20 days. proposed as u
basis Of peace, recognition Of the independence Of
the country, the establishment Of a provisional con-
s~titution until the election Of q congress and the
ascension OF q Bourbon prince to the throne OF
Peru. The new viceroy assented. but his generals
insisted upon the rejection Of these proposals. The
negotiations were discontinued In May.
Soon after this the ~royalists found It necessary
to evacuate the coast. being without ships and
cut OF from Ill means Of Communication. Tho
royalist general. Cantersc, marched into the IN
terror In June, while he vicefoy, having garrisonsd
surrenderets TO the Protector) lett Lima, July a
On thA night u July Z. Gsn. San Martin entered
the captt1i - Peru. ana 81 July ~ 1921, tn II
dopSndencs o. E6fn was proclaimed. San Marttn
befae unanlmcu@ay Acclaimed Protsctbe. M =.
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