davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31

the gasolene motor are that ir gives more power, uses a cheaper grade of fuel and is much less dangerous. Three out of every four strokes of the piston of a gasolene motor waste power instead of producing it, while the Diesel is a, two cycle engine, gain ing power on every second stroke.
 Three periscopes of the latest improved pattern will form part of the equipment of the fleet submarines and each vessel will be provided with the latest type of radio telegraph outfit, both for surface and sub merged work. The idea of the perisCope dates from the middle of the nineteenth cen- tury. when French and Dutch inventors ex- perimented with them. During the civil war. when the monitor Osage had run aground in the Red River, her chief engi-
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31

to provide for a radius of action Of approximately 10000 miles. the vessel being entirely self-supporting during that time.
 Though American built the first prac- tical submarine and Americans have been foremost in it's development, the Diesel en- zine, which made possible the modern, ocean, going type of submersible, is the invention of a German. The German Navy refused to adopt the submarine so long as there was only gasolene to propel it on the surface. The U-1, forerunner of the long line of U-boats which was the sCourge of the seas during the early part of the war, was not launched until 1906. after Dr. Diesel had got his motor into practicable working condi ton.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31


   and the remarkable
  
  accompanying Illustration tH just here te United wch e1c6
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31

neer, Thomas Doughty, constructed & pert scope from piece of three inch steam pipe and bits of looking glass, by means of which the warships commander was able to look over the high banks of the river and re- pulse an attack by 5000 Confederates by fire from the monitors II inch guns, di- rected through the periscope.
 So crude was the periscope however. that as late 1900 John P. Holland refused to adopt it for his submarines. To the Ger mans belongs the credit for bringing it to its present efficiency. The three periscopes on the new American undersea boats will ena ble them to keep a lookout in all direc- tions at once and will also provide spares" in case one should be damaged.
 The first U-boats were equipped with only one periscope, until, after the sinking of the U15, the Germans began putting more On their vessels. During the early stages of the war the U-15 attacked a British squadron, but revealed herself by the wake Of her periscope, and well aimed shot from the cruiser Birmingham smashed the pro- truding "eye." The U-15 dived blindly to safety. few moments later she attempted a quick "porpoise dive" up to the surface and down again in effort to locate her enemy. This time the Birmingham gave her a broadsi5e and a shell tore a great hole through her deck.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31
Vice-Admiral Sir Percy Scott Holds War Proved Superiority of SubmarnesOlde
 Officers Firm for Major Ships

Its flying service has not been divorced from it. American flying craft are agencies of the fleet. They work in close cooperation and have operated and eXperitnented to- gether. Yet capital ships are being bIlttt for the United States Navy of the most for midable character. without any apprehension of destruction from the air.
 ''In this country, where aircraft are under separate control, coordinated work may not be so easy effective. Nevertheless, it is incredible that the Admiralty will propose the building of capital ships if serious da;t- ger from the air is to be apprehended." Older British Navy Officers
 Stand Firm for the BattIeship
 The stand against the batteship has at- tracted innumerable supporters high in the British naval service but the large surface craft has it's defenders. too, in large numbers In this group are some of the oldef naval officers. who take the position that the obstacles presented by the submarine have or will be overcome, and that the battesF2ip will remain dominant because of it's intense mobility and capability of carrying heavy guns.
 The batt1eship. too they insist. is the nainstay of the navy when it comes to de- fensive warfare although it is admitted that the submarine has many advantages when 1t comes to offensive operations.
 Admiral Sturdee of the British Navy. in- sists that the British must continue the pro- gramme of surface craft in order to protect the trade routes. He insists that there never was a time during the war that the Grand Fleet prevented from going to sea because of the German submarines. He said that if all the nations of the world did away with capital ships and had only sub marines, the question would get back to where it started
 Submarines, he said, would find it in- possible to fight each other and, further, would be of no account in defensive warfare The result would be that the merchant ves- sels would be armed against the submarines. Then it would be found advisable to have other craft to protect the merchantmen The result would be submarine destroyers. which would lead to per-destroyers. To meet the uper-destroyers. it would be found advisable to have cruisers. which could best be combated by battleships.
 T. B. Aben professor in the School of Naval Architecture. at the University or Liverpool is stanch defender of the bat tles1ip-
 "Until this war" he says. "the torpedo was
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31


 "If we are going to build battleships at the cost of fS.OOO.0OO [s3O,0O0 OOOl to f9,00O.0OO S33,75O,000 present exchange apiece we shall have to build nurses for them in the shape of destroyers and we shall have to provide safe harbors, in which to keep them. For if do not they will not be the surface very long if there are any submarines about"
 Think Submarines Instead of Battleships Would Have Won the War for Germany
 In order to reenforce the arguments against the batt1eship Sir Percy brought to light an incident of 1913-a blunder, he calls it-which he believes prevented Germany from winning the war. He recommended :n 1913 a British navy programme for the building of submarines and airplanes. instead of two battleships, but the Admiralty over ruled. In consequence, he added. Germany built battleshipS, which were not used. rather than submarines and airplanes. which Ger many hastened to construct after the war began. It put Germany behind so much, he said. that she was unable to win the war. although she came near to doing it.
 You must admit" Sir Percy said. that in the war we England were nearly forced to submission by starvation.
 You must admit that the German battle ship played no part in reducing us to a state of starvation.
 superiority had been double what it was they could not have protected us from star vation.
 You must admit that the dominant arm of the war the submarine. You must admit that our belief before the that the submarine was only a toy resulted in our coming to the brink of losing the war; Bases Opposition to Capital Ships
 On Air Craft as We'll as Submarines ~ Sir Percy's attack on the capital ship is based not only on the submarine but uocn aircraft. and he defies anybody to cite a sel that resist attack from the skies. His arguments have attracted much applause among British navy officers who approve of his condemnation of the capital ship.
 -The capital ship ought not to be con- demned merely because of submarines John Leyland declared in approving Sir Percy's position. There remains the question of at tack from the air.
 "On investigating this matter the United States Navy has advantage over our own
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31

Rear Admiral Sir s. Eardley-Wilrnot of the British Navy said that the success of the submarine in the late war was due almost entirely to the fact that nothing had been perfected to resist the torpedo, but he explained that each new development in naval warfafe had come it had been resisted by one means or another. He believed he added that the means had been found for resisting submarine attack. and that the battleship still was dominant as a naval unit Expects Means Will Be Found
 To Render Submarines Ineffective outcome of the controversy is apparent from editorial comments of the London Tin1eS and other newspapers, which are de- voting columns to the discussion.
 ''The most important subject before the country is the question of the naval construction policy of the Admiralty" the London Times said recently. "An invincible navy is the very life of the nation. Yet within very few years the British fleet. so far capital ships are concerned. will be third instead of first among the navies of the world
 "When all allowance has been made for the fact that the two nations Cthe United States and Japan) to whom shall, in this respect, yield pride of place are our friends. and in all human probability will remain our friends. this is a serious position
 For ourselves, we express opinion either against or in favor of capital ships. There is no need for the Government to he bustIed into precipitate action which may prove to be fatally mistaken. But there is every reason why they should, without delay. take steps to probe the question far more deeply than to judge from all the available evidence they have so far thought of doing For the life of the country is at stake"
 Economy in the Government is, of course, one of the considerations. With capital ships costing from $3O,O0OOOO to si0.0O0o0o the British want to be that the vessels they build have some chance Of staying affoat the of a The British Govern ment. after four years of war. is extremely hard pressed for money and rigid saving is a watchword hammered upon continually by Lloyd George and others of the Government in speeches in Parliament.
 In sharp contrast with this policy of cau- ton the part of the British is that of the United States. which. with fleet in being of 979 vessels has 165 under construction at the present time- The vessels under con- struction are eleven battleships. six battle cruisers. ten second class cruisers, one third class cruiser seventy destroyerS. fifty sub marines. two gunboats, rour tugs and mine sweepers and eleven auxiliaries- N
 On top of this Secretary Daniels proposes now the building of eighty-eight more yes selS of ca pitaI class
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31
Our New Battleships and T-Boats Lead Worlds Naves

7essels of the North Carolina Class When Completed Will Put United States in Ad- vance of Any Nation When Major Fighting Craft Are Considered---F Fleet Submarines Under Construction Completely Over shadow Famous Deutschland in Size and Speed, Besides Possessing Latest Marvels in Mechanical Equipment
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1921-05-31

New Craft Severa! Knots Faster
 Than the Famous Deutschland When the Deutschland poked her peri scope out of the sea off New London after her epoch making voyage across the At lantic the world looked with incredulous smazemeTit. Even well informed men found u hard to credit reports of her power and size. The new fleet submarines, however, are not only more than hundred feet
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1921-01-06
at the peril of some little loss.

at the peril of some little loss.
We do not, Of course, suggest that
the answer to Peace or War in 1921
is to be given solely by capitalists
and employers. 1t is not. En-
! ployees as well as employers have
been ignoring or manipulating the
law or demand and supply, for what
they sordidly suppose to be their
own selfish advantage They have
persistently and constantly striven
to decrease production, or at least
to prevent it's increase. On this
point the plain, unvarnished and ire
mendously significant truth was told
the other evening by the Hon. Ere
derrick H. Gillett, Speaker of the
House of Representatives, speaking
at the annual dinner of the New Eng
land Society of New York, when he
said:
Modren labor unions have adopted
the theory that the standard OF work
/ shall be set not by the best but by
the poorest; that no man need do
more than the very weakest can do.
The whole power of the unions is
directed not to raising but to low
ering the standard Of production.
This policy stints skill and ambition,
enervates and stupefies enterprise,
checks and retards civilization.
No nation can. permanently keep
its standard of wages higher than
the rest of the world and hold it's
place in world trade; unless it's la
Dor is more efficient and productive.
Yet, despite this memorable law, the
modern aim of the labor unions is
to reduce the efficiency and produc-
tiveness of labor and so make high
wages permanently impossible. And
it is preculiarly harmful just now
when the cry of the whole world is
production.
That is severe but, we regret to
say, truthful and fully merited ac-
count of the policy of the trade
unions. 1t is a sad rejection upon
the intelligence of organized labor
that not only has this purblind policy
been pursued by it in the past, but
that also at the present time, in the
supreme economic emergency of the
Nation, it countenances and supports
it's leaders in demanding still higher
wages and still shorter hours. The
unions cry out against the profiteer-
ing of the employers, but they are
themselves practising it to an equal
ly odious degree, and not temper
airy measure but as a permanent
policy. They denounce the occa-
sional decrease OF production by the
shutting down of factories or re-
duction of force, but they themselves
as Mr.. Gillett pointed out, continu-
ally restrict production and are now
striving still further to do so by
shortening hours of labor. While
the employer, though reluctant to
dispose of his present stocks at
lower prices, is quite willing to sell
for prices approximating the ante
bellum standard all goods hereafter
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1921-01-06

produced, the employees are asking
for more money and shorter hours
now, and for still more money and
still shorter hours hereafter.
On the part of both employers and
employees, it is fatuous policy,
thus to make mock of the funda-
mental laws Of economics. y 1t is a
perilous policy, which steers straight
for trouble 1t is policy which, if
applied to international affairs,
would immensely increase the danger
of war. Applied to domestic econ
omics, it not only fails to exercise
influence for the averting of indus
trial strife, but it very positively
aggravates the situation so as to
increase the danger of conflict. We
do not, if course, anticipate violence
or revolution. That is out of the
question. But we should be blind
to the signs Of the times if we did
not perceive the danger of an in
dustrial war as much exceeding any
that this country has hitherto known
as the economic disturbances caused
by the bequeathed by the Great War
exceed those of any former occasion.
There can be no more important
good wish for the New Year than
that both capitalist and employers,
and wage-earners and employees, as
well as the general public, shall ap-
preciate these things, and shall
promptly and sincerely cooperate in
the reestablishment of natural eco
Monies law and of justice between
man and man, such as alone can pro-
vide secure foundation for industrial
peace and prosperity. We all de-
test sabotage, when committed by
workmen to impair efficiency and to
delay or to diminish production. 1t
is equally odious when it is commit
ted by manufacturers or other cap
ialists in the form Of decreasing pro-
duction for the purpose. of maintain
ing artificial prices or even of pre-
venting a temporary loss by throw
ing it upon the public.
At the beginning of the New Year
the Nation stands at the parting of
the ways. Shall there be industrial
war or peace in 1921? The answer
is to be given by capital and labor,
by employers and employees, to-
gether. The way is open to peace
and prosperity, if only both will
recognize it and will pursue it, even
at the cost of some priyation; not as
great, we can assure thenl, at that
which the genera, public has sufT cred
and is suffering. For, them both
cheerfully to incur that cost will be
the part of practical prudence and
wisdom. For what would it pro-
fit either of them to escape little
temporary loss and to be plunged
into great and all but ruinous war?
-Harvey's Weekly.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1921-01-06

and their numbers are increased
daily. Production, already far be-
low the normal, is steadily and rapid
ly declining. The pretext alleged
by manufacturers is plausible one,
on the surface Orders for goods
have been cancelled, and new orders
have not come in, and, under the law
of supply and demand, they would
not be warranted in production of
goods for which there were no
orders.
1t is true that there is a scarcity
of orders. But why? For the very
same reason that there is scarcity
of ultimate purchasers. That is,
that the selling shops are stocked
with goods at high prices. The
manufacturers got high prices for
them, making enormous profits; the
dealers paid high prices for them,
and now want to sell them at still
higher prices so as to make pro-
fit; but the public will not buy them,
and waits for the fall of prices which
it regards as inevitable That is
why there is scarcity of orders,
and why, in consequence, the manu-
facturers are decreasing production.
Specifically, it is due to the opera
ton of the law of demand and sup
ply Actually, it is due to arbitrary
manipulation of that law.
We are quite aware that it is not
pleasant for anybody to lose money.
But it must be obvious that in some
circumstances, somebody must suf-
fer temporary loss. When goods
have been artifcially raised to ex-
tortionate prices, a return to normal
prices is certain to entail loss some
where along the line. The. manu-
facturers must clear off their stocks
at reduced prices, or the shopkeepers
must sell at less than cost, or the
public must continue to buy at ex-
tortionate rates until the costly stock
is exhausted. Doubtless the manu-
facturers and shopkeepers would pre-
fer the last named course, with the
public bearing the loss-for, of
course, paying too much is equival-
ent to suffering loss.
1t is to our mind, however, a
salutary and suspicious circumstance
that the public objects to bearing the
loss, for which it has hitherto made
no compensatory profits or enjoyed
compensatory advantages. It is far
more reasonable and more equitable
that whatever loss may inevitably re-
suit shall be borne by those who have
hitherto been making enormous pro-
fits. There are concerns which have
during the last few years been max
ing one hundred, two hundred, even
three hundred per cent profits. Yet
now they throw dust into the air
and utter impassioned protests and
lamentations at the suggestion that
they should continue full production
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1921-01-06
recognition and vindication Of ecor

recognition and vindication of econ
omic rather than statute laws. The
latter are necessary. 1t may be
that we shall need a few more than
we have. It is certain that such as
we have should be impartially and
effectively enforced. But it is above
all certain, it is automatic, that
economic laws are superior to leg
islative enactments, and that the lat
ter can be effective, and indeed can
be enforced, only when they are in
accord with the former.
The basis law of all industry is
that Of demand and supply. Let
that fact be writ large upon the
tables. Primarily, it is to supply
their own personal demands, or
needs. Secondarily, it is to supply
the demands of others, i nthe doing
of which the worker secures the
means of more amply catering to his
own desires. This is elementary
economies; so elementary that
many seem to have forgotten it, with
disastrous results.
Pursuing that law through it's
higher and more complex develop
ments, it is apparent that the read
justments and restoration of business
and industry to normal, prosperous
and pacific basis, now being attempt
ed, can be effected only in accordance
with that law. There must be pro-
duced, both from farms and in fac
tories, sufficient supplies of mer-
chandise to meet the needs or the de-
inands of the people, and to do so at
reasonable prices. 1t was with that
fact in mind that the wisest advisers
and leaders, in this as in other
countries, were recently urging in
creased population as the most i'm
portant and indispensable means of
regaining normal conditions. For
four years, because of the diversion
of activities to war work, there was
a great degree of underproduction,
to counteract which there should
now for a while be what, in normal
times, would be overproduction.
Instead, there is persistent under
production. Many manufacturing
plants have been closed, or run. on
part time. Many have reduced their
forces of workers. Thousands of
men are now out of employment,
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1921-01-06
PEACE OR WAR IN 1921?

We face the issue 1t would be
folly to attempt to ignore it. 1t
would be cowardice to attempt to
evade it. And both attempts would
be futile and criminal. The causes
of the crisis we need not here re-
hearse. 1t would be invidious to
suggest that any intelligent observer
was ignorant of them. They have
been developing and gathering force
through the industrial and CONNER
cial controversies of years, and they
have finally been acutely precipitated
by the abnormal conditions of the
great war and the still more abnor-
NAL processes of restoration after the
war. ct is a condition, not
theory, that confronts u.s." and that
condition implies the urgent and i'm
perative question whether there shall
be industrial peace or war in the
United States in 1921.
The nations of the world are seek
ing political peace, through various
means. Some have sought an ar
bitrary Pax Wilsoniensis based up
on domination of the world by a few
great Powers; a scheme obviously
embracing within itself the elements
of its own future. Others, more
hopefully, are seeking peace through
the exaltation and confirmation of
international law and Justice, and,
in suspicious complement through
the transfer of the really menacing
issues of war from Governments to
the constituent peoples themselves
for determination. 1t may be that
in this latter course t here is some
profitable suggestion for the secur-
ing of industrial peace within the
nation.
Such peace is, we believe, to be es-
tablished and preserved on the sole
basis of law and justice. We should
despise as unworthy of citizenship
Americans who persistently and with
out demur submitted to injustice, no
matter whether they were employers
or employees. Men who suffer
wrongs should protest, and resort to
proper action for redress. But of
course that does not mean unlawful
or violent action. On the contrary
it means recourse to law; and in the
present consideration it means the
Evening star., 1921-07-07
PROBE ALLEGED ATTEMPT
TO SINK u. S. STEAMER
American Officials in Naples Take
Up Mutiny Charges on Voyage
Taking Six Weeks.

NAPLES, July THE American
consulate here is engaged in an in
vestigation of the mutiny on board
the American steamer Pocahontas,
which left New York May % and did
not arrive here until Monday last be-
cause of trouble with the crew and
damage to the machinery which ne
cessitated a long stop at the Azores.
1t appears from the information so
far available that because Of the sea-
mems strike in New York. a crew,
consisting mostly of foreigners. was
engaged for the Pocahontas, and that
when the steamer was well out to
sea some of the men began to threat
en- the commander and to damage the
machinery and the electric lighting
apparatus. and even to attempt, 1t Is
declared, to sink the steamer.
After volunteer aid from among the
passengers had enabled the steamer
to reach the Azores through tempo
rary repairs being made. the vessel
was laid up at st. Michaels and re-
rairs of a more permanent nature
effected. the Pocahontas finally reach
ing Naples after a voyage Of six
weeks.