New-York tribune., 1921-12-09
Serves
QJIti1ll at III mn
ON Sllal1tlll1,g,, 9,
Continued from page one)

Chinn's knowledge, the powers conclud-
ed an agreement not to make any
treaties in the future without first con-
sulting China. China herself is made
a party to this agreement Each of tho
nine powers declare that "it is their
intention not to enter into any treaty,
agreement, arrangement or understands
ing, either with enc another individu
ally or collectively with any power or
powers, which would infringe or impair
the principles which have been declared
by the resolution adopted November 81
by this committee."
Based on Root Principle
The resolution referred to is one
OF the four principles framed by Elihu
Root. 1t says, "The powers agree not
to conclude between themselves any
treaty or agreement directly affecting
China or the general plan in these
regions without previously notifying
China and giviag her an opportunity
to participate"
If China is to enjoy the policy of
the open door, she must be free Of
spheres of influence which give spe-
cial privileges to powers having secret
treaties, DR.. Koo said. He attacked
the policy of giving special interests
to Japan because of her geographical
propinquity CAS- to the recognition of
propinqaity as creating special inter
ests in China" said Dr. Koo, at was
equally obvious that such recognition
could not be valid, because special in
terests on Chinese territory could not
be created without the consent of
China, and China has always contested
the soundness Of the doctrine of pro-
prlnquity.
"Ihe effect of all such treaties end
agreements has been to maintain in
emma conditions which intimately af-
fected the rights, prospects and liberty
OF action OF China herself
ut appeared, therefore, that the
Chinese government has an equitable
right to be consulted in all agreements
when deal with or pretend to deal
with the general situation in the Far
East, including China. Even if such
treaties should be animated by an en-
tirely friendly spirit toward China, yet
their bearing is such that they may in
Yolve consequences which would i'm
port limitations on Chinese freedom Of
action, and even they should therefore
not be made without consultation with
China"
koo Seeks Broader Assurance
DIR. koo asked for the adoption of an
agreement much broader IN its terms
than that finally decided upon. lie
wanted China to be consulted in the
making of any treaty affecting China
instead OF any treaty (which would
infringe or impair' the principles laid
down iii the Root resolution. Speak
ing in opposition to this view, MI.
Eanihara said Japan believed "the
sovereign nations had the right of
concluding any treaty between them
selves"
at the same time, with the growing
influence of public opinion and of in
ternational law, it is daily becoming
evident" said Mir. Hanihara, that,
should treaty or agreement prove
preJudiclal to the peace Of the world
or violatiVe Of the rights OF third
powers, it was bound to fall by itself
under strong pressure Of popular con-
demnation either through direct dplo-
matte representative or through the
lnstrumentality Of the League of Ma
tions of which China was a member
But an engagement by the powers un-
der the formula now proposed by China
would operate as serious limitation
upon their sovereign right"
Mr.. Balfour said that so far as Great
Britain was concerned spheres OF in
! fiuence had been Abandoned AS
Indicating p dennite policy adopted by
/ his government. he quoted Under Sec
retary OF Foreign Affairs Harmsworth
as having said in the British Parlia-
ment; The policy of spheres of in
iluence in China has been superseded
by one of international co-operation.'
Hughes Summarizes Situation
Chairman Hughes said he desired
to offer d few suggestions, in order tc
find a point upon which the committed
might agree He was sure that all un-
derstood the deep concern which hac
prompted the proposal of the Chinese
delegation, and that there was genera
sympathy with China in her desire tina
there should be no engagements o1
any character interfering with the es
tablishment of sound, stable and eff
iicient government in China, but note
must be taken Of actual conditions
The question was, therefore, how coulo
aid be rendered most etfectUally, in the
light of present circumstances.
The committee had agreed in the
second para graph of the Root resolu
ton" ito provide the fullest and most
unembarrasscd opportunity to China tc
develop and maintain for herself an
effective and stable government; thai
was not only pledge but, he be
ieved, recognition of the funda
mental fact that China alone coulc
develop and maintain an effective anC
stable government This could not be
done by others-China must do it her.
self, but other governments could af
ford her the opportunity and possibil
ity of doing so.
But there must be patience; develop
ment in China is an ge-long proce IS
Our hurrying peoples must be patient
for the matter could never be worked
out by coercion or by rousing the pas
slve resistance of the Chinese peopl,
against interference in their public
affairs. There was no wish to inter
fere while waiting, but there was (
wish to aid.
This, the Secretary of State said
was the spirit OF the conference. Tn,
powers concerned were most anxious tt
help and to assist this legitimate as
| piration. And the opportunity was on,
which could not be conserved by any
action that took advantage of China'i
plight.
If that be the spirit, discussion of tht
specific question presented in Para
graph i of the Root resolution" Nigh
be taken up. 1t had been agreed tc
respect the integrity and sovereignt,
Of China, and this naturally implied
agreement by China to respect the in
tegritT Of other powers. Each powe,
should be free to make the agreement,
necessary for the preservation of ii,
proper interests; any general prepare
tiun going so far as to derorate n,