davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-06-05

portance to tine national welfare would be
temporarily abandoned by workers. =. We
saw that very thing happen during the war,
when six hundred Thousand Negroes. left the
South to seek more profitable employmentS
in northern states. 1t was one of the
greatest migrations Of which. there is any
record. One of its by products, 80 to speak,
was race riots in Chicago. brought about By
contact of black with white workers. ',s
At THIS point interrupted Mr.. Post
n with a query. The whole problem ap-
pears to be mainly economic, does it not?"
/ said. r..
Undoubtedly" be acquiesced. when
animals migrate in hordes, it is because they
are compelled to do so for lack of food,
With human beings the same impulse gov
erns, though political and other conditions
may affect the situation. The cause is
always Fundamentally economic. To see this
illustrated We have only to look at Europe
now. The European peoples are in distress
millions are literally starving. Multitudes
are turning their eyes to America, their one
ambition and hope concentrated upon the
idea of getting to this country for safety
and prosperity.
The figures of our immigration, as We
trace them back through the last hundred
years, furnish q record of conditions in
Europe. 1t was in the hungry forties'
. that the first great rise besan-a period
when people of the, agricultural laborins
classes in England were so near to starva !.
tion that they were Obliged to subsist largely
on raw turnips. Those were days when
nearly all our immigrants came from the
United Kingdom and Scaudinavia. 49,.
The first people to come to the United
The Washington herald., 1921-06-05

arriving in this country refuse to work on
the farms because they can get more for their
labor in the cities. Agricultural labcrers of
Europe come to the United States and 90
to work in the factories. Visit the great
manufacturing plants, and you win find
them full of alien workers. a large. majority
Of whom were farm laborers in the countries
Of their origin. reN
What may be termed the sticking
quality in immisrants--by which Il mean
their disposition to settle down In this coun-
try and stay here-seens to vary inversely
with intelligence and literacy. Thus the
farm lsborer stays. while the industrial
worker returns to his own land.
In the last twelve years more industrial
workers have left this country than have
come b the United States. Two hundred
The Washington herald., 1921-06-05

States in large numbers were the Irish.
Figures Of the Immigration Bure9u 30 back
only to 1920, but in that year 1914 persons
: from the. Emerald Isle landed upon our
+, shores. During the next thirty years, from
1921 Ito 1850, the Irish contributed more
than two ffths Of all our immigrants. But
It was in 1S4T, the year of the great
famine, that the influx from that source
began in earnest. During eight years, from
1877 to 1854, r,154, $50 people left Ireland
for America.
I .'The potato was mainly responsible for
that migration. Sir Walter Raleigh was
FIRST to cultivate it on his estate, near Cork.
It proved great blessing, and its culture
spread with extraordinary rapidity Here
was a plant which produced SO much food
TO the acre that the labor of one man would
yield sustenance for forty persons. The
Irish came to depend almost wholly, unon
the potato for food, growing little else:
and when the crop xss destroyed BY 'blirht. !,
general starvation followed.
'.In, 1s4s there wes revolution in Ger
many, and as q consequence great number.
of people left that country and came to the
limited States. But after the Franco
Prussian war Germany entered upon period
of unprecedented prosperity. Her industries
developed and her trade; expended rapidly.
As result, our immigration from that
source quickly and greatly shrank. 1t has
not averaged more than s5 900 per annum
since then.
During the same period Italy was In q
rather bad way economically and conditions
were made worse By excess of population.
Her people began nockins to the United
States, and they have been comiSg IN In. .
creasins numbers ever dnce.".
The Washington herald., 1921-06-05
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO ABOUT THE Ihf1GRANTS?

s0THE immigration problem, in regard %
L which we are now feeling 90 much
anxiety, did not begin to bother us until
less than thirty years ago. 1t was, at the
start, land problem"
1t was the assistant secretary Of labor,
Louis T. Post, who made this remark. he
was talking to me in his of6ce at the Labor
Departments man of brief stature, sparely
built, but active and alert, with full gray
beard and mustache, and by no means look
ing his seventy-two years. In youth be
learned the printers trade and later became
q lawyer and then an editor. Throughout
his life he has been interested In economics
and in matters relating to labor.
from the foundation of the republic to
$780," he went on, most, of our immi-
grants went to the land On arriving in
America. They could then have homesteads
for the asking. Many Of them worked on
farms for q while, and later took up home
steads Of their ewn-
I'VE had no Immigration Law up 10 the
middle seventies and-whep the so-called 'ex-
elusion act was passed it had nothing to do
with countries other than China. Our i'm
migration laws may properly be said to date
from 1885, when the contract labor law was
passed. They came into being simultaneously
with the exhaustion of our free land.
There was still plenty Of land-millions
Of acres of unoccupied territory-snd the
same might be said today. But now II is not
economically available, for lack Of water.
lack Of fertility or by reason of monopoliza-
hon- The choice lands within reach Of the
railroads have largely passed into Q private
ownership which prevents their best public
use.
Immigration did not become q problem
until the desirable and accessible lands had
been occupied or cornered. Up 10 that time
We were able TO take care Of the arriving
aliens. Far from wishing to exclude them,
We wanted them. We were crazy to get
them. We welcomed all comers. NO matter
vhar quarter Of the world they came from
barring only Chinese coolies It was feel
ing that we were destined to get over very
suddenly"
Our attitude in their regard seems to
have undergone a most radical alteration"
ventured to say.
Indeed, yes," he weht on. TIE immi-
grafton problem has troubled some of rs a
great deal during the last few years, and
today we are more than worried about Il;
we are alarmed. A food seems to impend.
Before long We may witness the greatest
migration Of peoples in the history of the
world, the main stream pouring out Of
Europe into the United States.
The Washington herald., 1921-06-05

'If it has not yet fairly started. it is
because the beginning of the year 1921 finds
the immigration lanes closed as effectively Is
during the war against Austria, Hungary,
Russia, Germany. the Balkans and the war
born states of Poland, Finland and Czeche-
Slovakia-territory which in 1914 sent to us
nearly 100000 immigrants, and which In
1920 sent fewer than $500.
Thus it is obvious that our great post
war immigration is still a problem of the
future. But observation of the trend Of
events in central and eastern Europe presses
home a conviction, to many at any rate, that
before long this problem will become i'm
mediate and battling.
TT is expected that when eastern Europe
finally emerges from the maelstrom into
which the great war has plunged it the over
seas exodus from all that part Of the world
will increase beyond anything ever dreamed
Of in the past. The food is said to be
already gathering and only. waiting the
breaking Of the dam.
up to the present time our so-caI,.d
Russian immigrants have nearly all of them
come from countries which, now that the
war is over, are no longer embraced within
the recognized territory of Russia. Tbey
have been Poles, Let's, Firms, Litbuani,ns
and so forth. OF the real Russian neonIe
natives OF Soviet Russia, relatively few have
come to America. But unless the best OBJ
tainable information is misleading, they are
getting ready to start in multitudes and are
likely within the next few years to become
- Of the largest, If not the largest race
group represented among our arriving immi.
grants"
WHAT are we going to do about itr'
w asked.
That is the puzzle" replied Mr.. Post,
and no adequate solution offers itself Now
that the food of immigrants from abroad
seems on the point of being let loose we are
thinking of setting up barriers to hold It
back. 1t is feared that they will come in
numbers too great to be assimilated that
one consequence of their arrival in multi
tudes will be a tendency to lower the
American standard Of wages and the Ameri-
can standard of living; and that they will
bring with them elements which we regard
an unwholesome and even dangerous for this
country socially and politically.
There is talk Of shutting them out
aItogethsr-of putting a stop to immigration
into the United States for a term of years.
But do the people who recommend such a
course realize the inevitable and very serious
consequences which it will involve? For
one thing, obligations Of international
comfy stand in the way. How can we shut
all aliens out of our country while claiming
the right for our own people to enter, reside
in, and do business in their countries? Nor,
for this and other good reasons, would It
be practicable for US to discriminate against
certain countries Of origin, or against GER
tain European races. Already we have
riddles enough of that sort in connection
with the japanese.
"A point to be incidentally considered is
that, as the cutting off Of immigration would
not stop migration, situations might arise
In which certain industries of vital i'm
The Washington herald., 1921-06-05

the great war-did not exceed 20 900. Since
then we have received and taken to our
national bosom IL 900 900 aliens from those
sources.
Immigration to supply our farm owners
with labor is a hopeless proposition. Aliens
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08

Rutherfolato aton.-Rural Policeman j.
l.. Griffin captured 60.gallon capa.
city copper still near Casar. About
$50 gallons of beer were also captured
and four gallons OF whiskey.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
THE MADE.IN-CAROLlNAS SHOW
RAPIDLY ASSUMING FINE
iytHsE PHYSICAL FORM. ii
N&
SCENE OF INTENSE ACTIVITY
From Every Section Of the Two Caro-.
linas Come Reports of Steady
Increase In Public Interest.

Charlotte, N. C.-The Made-in-C Caro-
linas Exposition is rapidly assuming
the physical form it will have on
opening day, September IL. More
than 200 exhibitors now are busily en-.
gagged in placing their exhibits, which
will show for the first time under one
roof more than 1000 different arti.
cles of merchandise made by North
Carolina and South Carolina plants.
The interior of the great building,
now beautifully decorated in black,
yellow and white, is scene Of intense
and varied activity. Scores of work.
men employed by the exhibitors are
engaged in uncrating exhibit mate.
rial, ranging from saw mills to tiny
jewels of great value. Many other
workmen, members of Building Man
ager Bryant's staff, are mirgling with
the others in the discharge of their
duties of cooperation and assistance.
While these scenes are re-enacted
daily at the building, the uptown OF.
fees of the exposition are crowded
with exhibitors and business men
who come to discuss the multitude OF
matters pertaining to SO great an un-
dertaking. From every section of the
two Carolinas come daily reports OF
a steady increase in public interest,
and it is now estimated that the at.
tendance will approach the 100000 to-
tai.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Lower Cost Of Road Building.

@0We' SoSI W nodo Ou''o'h9
Cost Of road building has declined
oG per cenut during the past year, de-
clared Highway Commissioner Frank
Page upon his return from Western
North Carolina where, during the
early part of the week he let contracts
for roads aggregating cost or $685..
5!9 that a year ago would have cost
nearly q million and a quarter Of dol
lare.
One hundred and fifteen bidders
were at the Eighth District letting in
Marion, four construction projects
being involved, and at Elkin, in the
Seventh District there were 43 bid
ders Oh three smaller projects. The
bids submitted were very near to-
gether, and contractors were there
from Hoboken, N j., to Jackson, Miss.
Reduced costs of materials and la.
Dor, and the slowing up of building in
other lines is mainly responsible for
the reduced cost at which North Car
olina is securing roads being let at The
present time, Mr.. Page believes. A
year ago it was with difficulty that
the commissioner was able to secure
responsible bidders for road work,
but now the only difficulty is tabulat.
ing the bids that are submitted, and
selecting the lowest responsible man
Offering to do the work.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
REDUCTION OF MILLION BALES
SHOWN IN THE DECLINE IN
CONDITIONS FOR AUGUST.
NOW 100000 BALES CROP
Production Was Forecast a Month Ago
at s,2os,ooo Bales, Based on the
Condition Of Crop on July rs.

Washington.--Decline in the condi-
ton of the cotton crop during August
caused reduction of 1,1660OO bales
in the estimated final production as
compared with the amount forecast
q month ago.
Production this year was forecast
at 100000 bales of 500 pounds gross
by the department of agriculture,
which based its estimate on the condi-
ton Of August rs, which was 49.3
per cent of normal, forecasting yield
Of 1870 pounds per acre.
The production was forecast a
month ago at S,2O3,OOO bales based
on the July rs condition of the crop,
which was 64.7 per cent of a normal.
Last years crop was 13,439,6O3 bales
and the August 25th condition was
67.5 per cent of a normal. The av.
erage condition of the crop on AL
gust rs for the ten years, 1920, is
67.7 per cent.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
NUMBER OF DEMONSTRATlONS
SCHEDULED DURING EARLY
WINTER MONTHS.
TENTATIVE LIST IS MADE UP
Subordinate Lodges viii Elect Their
Candidates for Degrees and Con.
fer Them at Their Home Lodges.
Raleigh.

J.. w. Moore, grand master Of tho
Independent Order OF Odd Fellows
called the grand secretary to Whining
ton for conference relative to the
plans and schedule for the various de.
gree demonstrations which will be
held in some of the principal cities OF
the state during the fall and winter
months Alter the conference the fol
lowing tentative schedule was an
nounced:
Wilmington, October 1l-12; Ashe-
vile, October 25--G; Winston-SalelH,
November S-9; Elizabeth City, Novem'
ber ly1S; GodsbUio, November 1928 ,
Greensboro, December 6-7' Charlotte
December 1916 Raleigh, December
1880. Other demonstrations will prob
ably ne held in other cities and towns
after January I.
The plans for these degree demon.
sire tons is that the subordinate lodges
will elect their candidates FOR the de-
grees and confer, the ilitiatory degree
in their home lodges. Then these can
didates will be taken to the nsarest
city where these degree demohstra
tions are to be held. and the other de-
grees will be exemplihed by special
degree teams.
The first of these degree demon
strations will be held in Wilmington
the grand masters home town.. Octo
ber l1-12.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Crop Reporter's Association.

A new cooperative organization has
come into existence in North Carolina
It is the N. c. Crop Reporters associ-
alton. In this respect the state is
following closely the most progressive
ones OF the United States. According
to one of the speakers Of the day, llr
F. H. Jeter, representative OF the Soil
Improvement Committee Of the South
ern Fertilizer association" the North
Carolina Crop Reporting service is
generally recognized with Alabama as
leading the South in crop estimates
work.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Simmons on Halfway Systems.

Washington, Especially. - Senator
Simmons made vigorous defense CT
the system OF public roads construc-
ton, as now in operation and cooper
alton IN by the federal government
and the state. He spoke in support Of
an amendment substantially extending
the present system without any
changes that might impair the ad.
mirable plan that has been so success.
full. He opposed the provision in
the tl creating commission. Hs
said he was opposed personally to tue
Multip icatiOn of commissions.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08

Len Show a Mark Of Freedom.

Short skirts are mark Of freedom.
not vulgarity," said Miss Helen
Louise Johnson, of New York, speak
ing on the subject OF Clothes and the
Woman" before rhe delegates to the
Farm Women's convention now in ses-
sion at the State college, The burden
Of Miss Johnsons talk was a plea for
standardization and more simplicity in
feminine attire in keeping lwoman's
present position in the working world.
Not t'ln east interesting thing about
Miss Johnsons speech was that she
made it in a standardized" tress.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Annual Thanksgiving Meeting.

The annual Thanksgiving meeting
of the Teachers Assembly will he
he'd in Raleigh, and plans are already
under way towards the preparation
of an interesting program. The as
sembly met in Raleigh two years ago,
but went to Asheville last Thank Sgiv.
ing in order to give the teachers of the
western section of the state better
opportunity to attend the meeting.
This year it moves back to the east.
ern half.
One interesting feature OF the NEE:
ing in November will be an exhibit Of
school building plans.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Will Award Road Contracts.

J. G. Stikeleather, highway commits
sioner for the ninth district. announc.
ed that contracts would be awarded on
September 20 for about 40 miles Of
road construction in this district. The
estimated cost of all projects will lie
about 100000, it was stated. Four
projects will be let, under advice from
Frank Page, highway commissioner
Advertisements or bids will be started
on August 30, and it is expected that
a number of bids will be received.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Power Petition Refused.

In formal order, the corporation
commission overrules every exception
to its original increase ordered in the
Southern Power case, filed both by
the petitioner and the respondents and
leaves the original order in full force
and effect.
The dismissal of exceptions Is very
short, merely stating that the excep,
tions are without merits, and were ex.
pected. Only 35 OF the original IS
mills opposing the increase in power
Joined in the general exceptions.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Stronc Advance In Cotton,

New York. - Cotton advanced to
new high levels for the season on pub
lication Of the government crop re-
port here. December sold at 1855 ana
January at 17.40 representing about
$3.50 bale advance. Heavy realizing
finally checked the advance ard the
market eased off trife.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Renewed Fight on Diphtherla.

A new point OF attack in the State
Board of Health's fight against diph.
iberia has been successfully taken by
the Bureau of Epidcrmiology. of which
Dr.. J. S. Kitchener is head The Bu-
reau has put on a campaign in 10
counties for tOxin-antitOXin treatments
Of children between the ages of 6
months and 6 years. DR.. Kitchener
believes that these preventive treat
merits, which began about the middle
of June, will render large numbers of
children immune from diphtheria dur.
ing the fall months.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Address by Dr.. Brooks.

DR.. E. c. Brooks, superintendent or
public instruction. fired the opening
gun in a warfare on inefficient and
haphazard administration of county af-
fairs in some Of the counties Of the
state in an addres before joint see'
sion of the State Farmers and Farm
Women's Conventions at Pullen Hall.
The addres of Dr.. Brooks was the
feature of the opening day Of the con-
vention that got away easily after
brief Introductory preliminaries. The
college is accommods ing 600 dele
gates with lodging and meals.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
More Mills Seek Rebates.

Five cotton mills in Cabarrus not
related to the Cannon group are ask.
ing the state board of equalization to
lower the county assessments against
their property. and the board has fixed
September as the date for the hear
ing
The mills have submitted no figures,
1t was stated at the office of Revenue
Commissioner Watts. but they are
kicking against the local assessments
just as the Cannon nils have been
protesting the restoration of old re
valuation" figures against their mills.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
BrownIow jackson Nominated.

Washington. (SpeciaD.- Rrownlow
Jackson, of Hendersonvile, was nom.
mated for United States marshal to
succeed Charles A. Webb. His nomi'
nation was referred to the senate
judiciary committee and will be re-
ported out Immediately if Senator
Overman does not hold it up.
Mr.. Overman is in Salisbury and
his attitude is not known. No OBJ
lection to Mr.. Jackson has been filed
at the White House or the senate. All
factions of the republican party are
united on him.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Webb Ready to Step Down.

Through an agreement between
Rrownlow jackson and Charles A.
Webb, the latter Thursday will turn
over the office of the United States
marshal for the western district OF
North Carolina to the new appointee
or, as soon as the commission from
Washington arrives.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Graduates from Training Camp.

Camp Jackson S. Cone thousand
and fifty young men from the states
ot North and South Carolina, Alabana.
Mississippi, Louisiana Georgia, Flori'
da and Tennessee were graduated
from the fourth corps area citizens
military training camp, l43 of whom
were representatives from the state
of North Carolina.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08

A reduction Of approximately 20 per
cent in freight rates will be put into
effect Immediately on shipments o.
dried fruit, canned goods, etc, from
the Pacific coast to points in North
Carolina. according to telegram re-.
ceived by NJ. r. Beaman, secretary Of
the North Carolina Traffic association
from !. II. Fishback, Washington at.
torney for the association.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Reorganize Air Service.

Washington n-Reorganization of the
army air service at reduced strength
was announced by the war depart
ment. Twenty-one detachments, in
cluding heavier-than-air units, supply
and school organizations, were order
ed demoblized.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Better Marketing Methods.

Better methods for the marketing Of
farm crops is the outstanding matter
of interest to the farming and husi-
ness public today, not only in North
Carolina but all over the country.
When farm crops bring good prices
bushes is good and when farm crops
bring poor prices business is demora-
lized, as at present In the main, our
leading money crops are sold as they
were fifty or more years ago.
Watauga Democrat. [volume] (Boone, Watauga County, N.C.) 1888-current, 1921-09-08
Construction Firms Buy Mixers.

Twenty thousand dollars worth OF
road building machinery was bought
last week by North Carolina construc-
tion firms to be used in the building
of concrete roads in the state.
The w. Fred Casey company closed
the contract for three paving mixers
to be shipped into North Carolina
One will 60 to The Eagle Engineering
company at New Bern and two to
Charlotte concerns, Blythe Brothers
company and W. A. Ebert