The Pulaskian., 1921-12-08

eliminated slavery and serfdom ana
 are far on the way to the elimination of poverty.
 Through the eradication of illiteracy
 and the diffusion of education, man kind has reached stage Where We
 may fairly say that in the Jnlteo
 States equality of opportunity has been
 attained, though all are not prepared
 to embrace it. There Is, indeed, too
 great divergence between the economic
 conditions of the most and least fay-
 ored classes in the community. But
 even that divergence has not come 10
 the point where we bracket the very
 the least fortunate classes, Our eff
 forts may we'll be directed to imDroV-
 ing the status Of both.
 While this set of problems is com
 monly comprehended under the gen
 eral phrase Capital and Labor, It
 is really vastly broader. It is a
 question of social and economic organ
 ization Labor has become large
 contributor, through its savings, to
 the stock of capital. while the peo-
 pie who own the largest individual
 aggregates of capital are themselves
 often hard and earnest laborers. very often it is extremely difficult to draw the line of differentiation between the two groups; to determine whether a set down as iaborer or as capitalist. In a very large proportion of cases he is both, and when he is both, he is the most useful citizen
 niSutS or L-GOOT dIlO 0e1Fi"Stts
 The right of labor to organize is just as fundamental and necessary as is the right of capital to organize. The right of labor to negotiate, 10 deal with and solve it's particular problems in an organized way, through it's chosen agents, is just as essential as is the right of capital to organize, to maintain corporations, to limit the liabilities of stockholders. Indeed, we have come to recognize that the linn ited liability of the citizens as mem Der of labor organization closely parallels the limitation of liability corporation for profit. Along this line of reasoning we shall make the great est progress toward solution of our problem of capital and labor
 Just as it is not desirable that corporation shall be allowed to irn- pose undue eXactions upon the pub lie. so it is not desirable that labor organization shall be permitted to ex- act unfair terms of employment or subject the public to actual dlStresSeS in order to enforce it's terms. Finally. just as we are earnestly seeking Tor procedures whereby to adjust and set tie political difficulties between na- tienS without resort to war, so we may well look about for means to set tie the differences between organized capital and organized labor without resort to the forms of warfare which we recognize under the name or strikes, lockouts, boycotts, and the like.
 As we have great bodies of law carefully regulating the organizations and operations of industrial and financial corporations. so we might well have plans of conference, of com mon council. of mediation, arbftra- tion and judicial determination in con troversies between labor and capital. To accomplish this would involve the necessity to develop thoroughgolng code of practice in dealing with such affairs. With right privileges inn thus carefully defined. it should be to set up judicial or quasi Judicial tribunals for the considera- tion and determination of all disputes which menace the public welfare.
 Holds Strike Out of Place.
 Tn an industrial society such as ours the strike, the lockout and the boy colt are as much out of place and as disastrous in their results as is war or armed revolution in the domain Of pol itics. The same disposition to reason ableness. to coneiliation. to reeogni- tion of the other sides point of view the same provision Of fair ana reeog- nized tribunals and processes ought to make it possible to solve the one set of questions as easily as the other. I believe the solution is possible
 After each war, until the last. the has been able to give homes to it's returned soldiers and large part Of our settlement and de- velopment has attended this generous lf- P .-.7-tt-- |- --~--- --- -------- lenders.
 There is yet unreservsd approximate ly 200 900 900 acres n the public do- main. 20.0o0.010 acres Of which are known to be susceptible Of reclama- ton and made ft for homes bT pro- vision for irrigation
 Point to Swamp Lands
 Contemplating the inevitable and de- another phase Of rsclamztio- fllll worthy of consideration T1srs ara 7szssG.loo acres of swamp and clsr-0ver lands which may be reclaimed and made as valuable acres are largely located in southern states. and the greater proportion Is owned by the states CT by private citi- zens. Congress naa 2 report of the sur vey of this feld for rec lama tiorl. and the feasibility is established ! gladly recom mend federal aid. by way Of advances where state and private participation is assured.
 which government can best own. Meas urcs are pending embodyfng this sound policy to which we may well adhere. It Is easily possible to make available per nanent homes which will provide. in turn. for prosperous American families without injurious competition with estab- lished activities or imposition on wealth already acquired.
 There are a full score of topics con corning which it would be becoming to address you. and on which I hone to make a report at later time. have alluded to the things requiring your earlier attention. However. 4 Cannot end this limited address with out suggested amendment to the or ganic law.
 Opposes Nontaxable Bonds.
 Many Of us belong to that school of thought which Is hesitant about alter ing the fundamental law. I think our tax problems. the tendency of wealth to seek nontaxable investment. and the menacing increases of public debt federal state and municipal. all iusti- fy proposal 10 change the Constitu- ton so as to end the issue of nontax- able bonds. No action can change the status of the many billions outstand- ing but We can guard against future cement Of capitals paralysis. while a halt in the growth of public indebtedness would be beneficial throughout our whole land
 such a change in the Constitution must be very thoroughly considered before sub mission. l suggest the consideration be- cause the drift sf wealth into nontaxable securities Is hlnGering the flow of large capital to our industry, manufacfllrine. agricultural and carrying, until we are diseouragins the very activities which make our wealth.
 AgTeea bic to yDtlr esDreseed dasfr, o,5