davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The spectator., 1921-04-08
Fair View

Health good in this vicinity.
 Farming all the go.
 Miss Viola Hogan, Minnie Hick spent Sunday with Mrs. F,dgin of Denninp. who is bed sick hope she will soon he up.
 Ruthie Forhus spent Saturday night with the Forhus girls.
 The pound supper at Mr. Jim t'orhus. was very Tood
 Quite q crowd of young folks from here attended the dance al Mir. John Forbus. 4 nice time reported.
 There was q dance at Mr. PeckS Saturday nlght.
 Mrs. W. A. Ilogon Is staying with her daughter, Mrs. Edein, while she k sick
The spectator., 1921-04-08
Oak Bend School to
 Give Interesting Play

The School bIen of Oak Bend district wiIpTive an enter tainment at Oak Bend on Satur- day night Aprii 2 at 7.30. Every body invited to come. The principal play will he the lloodo Coon. Committee.
The spectator., 1921-04-08
Ozark Band Elect Officers

The Ozark Band met Monday night. April 4tlf. aud rleCleG thB following officers:
 J s. Turner, Pres. J. c. Me- lIroy, See. Treas. Burns Wake field. Cor. Sec; w. D. Littleton, Director.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
. THE REAL AMERICAN.

The 100 per cent American is a man
who has respect for his own right:
and the rights Of others, and will Sc
order his lite as to possess not only
the courage but the strength to redress
wrongs. and in whom aelf-eonsciousness
is sufficiently powerful to preserve
these qualities, which are dependent
upon clean, strong bodies and capable
minds.
He believes in education, patriotism
Justice and loyalty.
He believes in civil and religious
liberty and in freedom Of thought and
speech, but not the license which in
terferes with the rights of others.
!. He possesses the chivalry that pro.
tects the weak and promotes vepera
ton and love for parents, and the ply.
steal power that is needed to make
that ehivalry effective.
He thinks clearly and speaks straight
and thus canquers envy, SANDER and
fear. e
He believes in and upholds the dig
nifty of labor, and with it the edQca
tion which makes democracy worth
while and protective of the Interests
Of all.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
THE uNoRGANIxHDe

Vnorganized workers have no voice
in fixing the terms Of their labor. They
have two alternatives: Accept the
terms laid down by organized employ.
ers or get along as best they can.
In our time, we are not called upon
to deal with individual employers. In
dustry is so developed and wealth so
concentrated that we are confronted in
nearly every avenue Of. employment
with the associated interests of the
employers. - 30 '~' 80. J
Workmen a. individuals in our day
are as much. at the mercy o. the ON.
ployers as is the rudderless ship at tho
mercy Of the waves. = st:",:=.- =
The labor movement, however, con.
fronts each new economic situation as
it srises, ready to give auccor to the
weak and defenselesp, and ready ia
speak for them with the voice Of or
g,aized power. 4 r. 50. +. i n. 3 g
Labor is defensaless, is weak, Aas
no voice only SO long as it chooses to
relpain in that condition. The labor
movement 10 apea to every man and
woman who works With haAd or brain.
+ recognises 50 a1istocraey aaaoae tAs
toiline 1aat sts. horn sc : esolmmon Is.
tsrest, 4 w1leoas. Al 81 Il pas 81
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16

equality. til strength il limited only
hy the strength of the mon ana women
who compose it. ]. 7s s e Iii
All the economic advantages which
the anorganized worker enjoys IL: q
mere reflex Of the activity Of the men
and women Of the labor movement. r.
The standards Of hours, the rate OF
pay, the working conditions-all are
graduated from tho trade agreements
prevailing in the organized trades. The
man or woman, then, who holds a1oo&
from the union Of his or her craft,
while accepting the benefits which ac'
crue from that organization, is not only
taking something for which no service
is rendered, but is checking 4 move.
ment which can give greater benefit
to all in the trade were all engaged
in the trade a part Of it.
Unorganized workers gain every
thing and lose nothing by attaching
themselves to the trade union move,
mont. By remaining unorganized they
retard their own development as free,
men and check the progress to a better
life Of all who labor. -.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
MAKE EVERY MINUTE COUNT,
ORGANIZATION If 1ohnr 10 ,o,oro MACS

Organization of labor is moro neees-
sary now than at any previous time in
the industrial history Of our country,
not only to attain industrial peace, but
also for the progress Of those who work
with hand or brain. = -,
So long as nations energy is
armed and in fighting trim, SO long is
it necessary for her self-respecting, vi
| rifle, progressive and loyal people to
be prepared for any condition which
may confront them.
What is true Of nations is true Of
the workers Of nation. The toilers
must be united in numbers, in senti.
1nent, in spirit and in principle, They
| must be prepared to defend, their rights
and to advance their interests by max
ing every reasonable effort to improve
their economic condition by establish
ing the ahorter work day and resisting
wage cuts. II. = l.
The more thoroughly the workers are
organized and federated, the better
they are prepared to enter into con"
test, and the more surely will industrial
conflicts be averted. .. Militant trader
unionism is essential to. industrial
! peace. 80. :.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
ROUGH HUT HrTHoYI:VH,

L
This ID the way they treat reeresnt
Legislators in Poland. The peasants Of
Galicia elected one Michael Marck a.
= memher$ Of the Diet, which ID the
national legislature. During the cam.
paign Michael made lot Of promises
concerning what he would do If hon
ored by the voters Of his district, but
when he got down to Warsaw he lis
tened to the siren song Of the lobbyist
and forgot the pledge. he had made to
the good people Of Galicia. 49,. ~ .
When. the Diet adjourned Michael
returned home to fix up HIS fences in
preparation for another campaign. He
made > speech telling Of his work in
Warsaw and endeavored to explain the
incident Of the broken pledges,
The peasants: listened attentively.
When he had concluded, instead Of ap.
plauding they took him by the arms,
gently but firmly, and led him to an
adjacent wood. Then they removed his
clothing and applied CATO mine tails
to his bare back.
Brutala Yes. But we are willing
to wager little money that Michael 8
successor, when he goes to Warsaw,
will keep away from tho lobbyists and
will not forget the pledges he made the
folks back home.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
: How Sly Propogandists Mold Public Opinion

tbles Say" is the regulation anti-union
5 with London date. In the story
IN from government statements, from
Lde union publications.
ldist's "clever" manner of first spread
; for much Of the unemployment, and
present crisis" are unknown.
What the Facts Are.
The building craftsmen refused to
dilute their membership by the ad-
mission of ex-se:vice men on the
ground that this was no solution to
the unemployed problem. The gov
eminent offered the unions Is for
every ex-service man admitted. The
unionists showed that this meant that
those Of their number who we're now
working would be laid off to give en-
ployment to others. On referendum
conducted by the National Federation
Of Building Trades tn plan was re-
jected by a vote Of $4,000 ia $500,
Among those voting were approx
mately 10000 ex-service men who are
members of the building unions.
The government has failed to pre-
sent any constructive remedy for the
unemployed problem, and its subsidy
seheme is laughed at by the union
lists. who charge its sponsors with
other purposes.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
AN I~UuENT CLAIM.

The graduate school of business adj
ministration,, Harvard university, hal
issued what it declares, to be "prqh,
ably the first dictionary Of labor terms
a. used by organized labor ever pub,
hshed.'' ~: ~ =. r irg;4.y&5<
The dictionary gives this definition
of the "open shop III
- The. dictionary ignores repeated dec,
larations by organized labor that the
fopen shop term isFai tricky device
used by anti.union employers in an 1t,
tempt to conceal their hostility to col,
laetivs bargaining and the right Of
employees to be represented hy persons
Of their own choosins. The claim that
organised labor accepts the "open
shop term is impudent. Il. i.#
The authors of The dictionary an,
nounee that it il intended for the use
Of employers teto enable Thorn to %.
cure q better understanding Of the
point Of view Of their (i) men,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
Reasons Why British Miner. Suspended Work

The naturalization demand seems
to be q less important point lat THU
time, but the miners strongest claim
for naturalization is that the great
inequalities, because Of physical con-
ditions, In the mining industry gives
low.cost mines the ADVANTAGE over
high-cost mines.
The miners insist that every ounce
Of coal possible is necessary TOR the.
economic life of England and that
mine production should be on the ba-
sis of loW-cost mines aiding those OF
higher cost, ana that this is only pos
sible by naturalization.
The 'so-called Sankey commission,
appointed by the government re-
ported in 1919 in favor Of natidnaliz-
alton. The government rejected this
Recommendation and advanced the
plan of securing mine royalty nights:
The miners charge that the govern
ment agreed to accept the commits
sion's findings.
At the recent time the usual claim
of inefficiency is made by tho coal
owners against the miners, and the
latter reply that the coal owners, with
the consent of the government, raised
the price of export coal to continental
Europe to a disgracefully high price
in order to reimburse the national
treasury. This injured EnEland's ex-
port trade, and the home consumer is
now called upon to maintain profits
and the miner is asked to lower work.
ing conditions.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16

WASHINGTON, April ii. - The
strike Of coal miners in England In
wolves several issues, but the outstand-
ins feature is the attempt OF these
workers to hold their positions OF uni
fled mine control. established by the
government, and national wage stand
ards. IL - - s3f5 =. :t.z- *
AS the result OF the miners strike
that started In October Of last year. a
national wages board was set up. The
government has controlled the price
of coal and its distribution. and it's
plan to turn the mines back to their
owners is opposed by the miners. who
insist that plans should first be
worked out that will stabilize this in
dustry, The miners are fearful for
their gains If unrestricted private con-
troll is again established.
The railway workers are linked
up with the miners and transport
workers. in q voluntary pact called the
triple alliance. but the railway work.
.ers are more than sentinentally in
terested In the miners' cause as gov
eminent control Of the railroads Is to
end next August and their general
wages board and other gains will be
jeopardized, as ia the miners.
The miners are committed to the
naturalization Of ainea and this was
Endorsed in 1919 by the British Trades
Union congress by q vote of 4,47S.000
to $4,000. The government sueEests
that the royalty rights Of the mines be
acquired and the arrangements Of
these properties be unified.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
home WORK SYSTEM
DESTROYS. CHILDHOOD

In an investigation Of children en-
gagged in industrial home work in
three Rhode Island cities, made by the
United States children's bureau, it was
found that per cent Of all the chill
dren between and IS years of age
had at some time during the year done
factory work in their homes. either by
hand or machine. They assembled
jewelry, strung beads, finished lace
and underwear, carded snaps and shoe
buttons and performed many other
simple operations Incidental to manu-
facture.
In the majority Of cases family need
was given as the reason for the home
work. This work, however, added but
little to the family income, since the
average earnings per family during
the year from this source was only
$4S. Over one-half the children were
unable to earn as much as cents
an hour.
Many of the children worked not
only after school but also In the eve
ninxs; some worked exclusively at
night. A few Of the children who
worked all day in factories or stores
also worked at homo every night and
eye strain was COMMONLY reported,
Teachers and school officials; stated
that home work interfered with the
school attendance an dthe quality Of
home work. -. pro-. 10y,
The homework System makes T. fac
tory out Of the home, and the work.
ers are subject to hazards from which
they are not safexuarded BY law, says
the report. The health Of the commu-
nifty is endangered by the use Of the
clothing. and other articles made in
homes in which infectious diseases are
present. - -" ~ a. 49, ~ ;
More than half the employers in
terviewed stated that 1t would be pos
sible2 to make readjuatments in their
factories it the system Of home work
were abolished. vi ~. :..-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
WHY DOES CHINA CRY?

Were there no labor movement, what
would be the condition Of the people
Of the country todays The answer to
this question will be found in China
famine pestilence, misery, signs on
every street corner Of the land, calling
for aid to the starving and the. home.
less Of China, advertise the benefit to
our people of our own labor movement,
organized labor is the only force
that stands between the people and the
conditions which prevail in China, The
union enhances the standard. Of life.
A true American will welcome and
support any institution which raises
the standard Of living, ...,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16

In the four-year period Of 1916,1919
the wages for unski1led labor advanced
to such an extent that native born
workers engaged as common laborers,
which fact tends to show the fallacy
OF the belief often expressed that Amer
acan workers win not accept employ.
ment a. common lahorers. [
Men who understand the labor move
ment know that the native wage worker
wall accept. employment in every call.
Ing which win enable him 10 maintain
the American standard of living, Z
The American wage Garner did this
during tho war years, and no one was
eompsllsd to make sacrifices, or no
hardships were endured because Of his
improved economic condition. These
years $50 forcibly demonstrate the fal.
lacy that our national industries must
rest upon low wages, long hours 81
labor and miserable working conditions.
On the other hand, they show that
tho maintenance Of = high Amezieaa
standard Of living eonduces 70 Aleh.
az labor efficiency, tor the volume 81
commodities produced by the American
wass workers during the war was 20
great % % astouad the world, =. :z$ $5t 7.
II it IL the purpose of sahs adyo.
Gates At immigration BY this mean,
70 assist the oppressed people Of 81
Countries So : better life. and to I'd,
vance th = Interests pt humanity ii "a.
esal tAsy ~ hsaa4 Lea astray BY 4alsl
satilalalsats Into 4 mosess of social \,
ssaas |. n greatest hsaedt That 3
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
ENDANGERS LIBERTY

T. Voluntary arbitration Of industrial
disputes is founded upon the rights Of
the parties to the questions at issue
to have the decisive voice in reaching
an agreement. Mutual consent in Ill
the details Of arranging the terms Of
settlement is essential to harmonious
conclusion.
/. Differences which cannot be adjusted
by the parties themselves arc referred,
by nomination Of all eontender., to =
person who has no direct interest in
the matter. The understanding, actual
Or implied, of both parties in issue il
that the decision rendered BY the nom.
i tnee Of both shall be accepted ~ final
and made Is effective % though it were
/, the mutual decision. #s,. jK s.gi s
hi This form Of arbitration il founded
1 upon the acceptance q both parties "a
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16

StOIy qEHIGu III <@A4C49SaA AVWeRolo
what the Facts Are" is q compilat
the London press and from English tt
Attention is called to the propaga
ing the poison that labor Is respopsib
then inferring that "the causes Of the
What the Gables Say.
One of the chief bones of conten-
ton between the government and the
trade unions is the persistent refusal
of the builders to permit, dilution OF
skilled labor by employment of un-
skilled former service men. There Is
not an unemployed bricklayer in the
country and work could immediately
be. found for 100000 men, resulting
in employment being provided for
painters. plumbers, laborers. etc. In
the face Of these facts the $4,000
former service men are forced to re-
main idle.
The tendency here for some time
has been to regard every trade as a
close preserve.
Whatever the causes, the present
crisis ia causing widespread misery In
the country ana the out-of-work do
nations and other government doles
are generally looked upon as merely
palliative.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16

an issua Of the principle that rive,
each The right Of fun control over thu
Issues each i. eoateadias for. II ID a
logical relationship, founded upon rea
son, ipsuring the peaceful conduct Of
industry, and establiahiag : proper "a
lationship between workers and 'tAei,
employers. -" .
Compulsory arbitration Of labor dis.
putes destroys tho principles Of bar.
gaining, for both employers. and work.
ers, which the voluntary sYatem &C.
cepts and, in measure, guarantees.
BY the compulsory method, neither en-
ployers nor workers have any right
in the selection Of tho arbitrator. His
interest in the question in dispute il a
mere matter Of chance. His opinions
a. to the rights Of the eontenders may
or may not be Prejudicial to either.
In any event, he Is q fixed quantity,
aud to his Judgment must be loft tho
conditions of labor for the period de.
ternained upon.
There is, however, greater ques-
ton involved than the mere character
Of the Judge or his opinions, Back Of
bis decision stands the force Of the
state.
Through compulsory arbitration by
law, the workers a. workers and the
employers as employers are restrained
in the exercise Of their Individual rights
in wage negotiations. By this act the
state takes control Of 4 purely per.
sonal relation.
Acceptance Of this principle, in it.
self, endapgers liberty. Generally ap-
piled to all personal relations, it will
destroy liberty and breed tyranny.
Slavery is the natural offspring Of
tyranny.
Aside from endangering the liberty
Of all the people, the results achieved
by voluntary arbitration Of industrial
questions prove the compulsory method
10 wholly unnecessary. Statistics Of
the division Of Cancellation Of the
United States department. Of labor es-
tahish this fact. In 1920, there were
nearly 100000 workers involved in eases
that were voluntarily adjusted.
These statistics embrace only those
disputes in which the department. actu-
ally took part. There were thousands
Of others in which the negotiations
were carried on by workers and EN-.
ployers through trade agreements.
Advocates Of compulsory, arbitration
in industrial disputes are toying with
. dangerous gun. They are shooting At
tho workers, but the target they hit is
liberty.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
LACK OF SOCIAL FAITH
CAUSE COOP, FAILURE

The failure Of corporation on this
continent can be traced largely to a
failure to appreciate the existence Of a
social faith, says the Canadian Coop
orator, whose editor declares that 1--WE
cannot build up a strong cooperative
movement without perpetrators; we
cannot make good co-operators of
people who know nothing Of co-opera-
ton, without steady and persistent
education in the history and philoso-
ply of the movement. It is not ques-
ton of temperament, but of co-opera-
five temperament. AS Professor Stuart
put it years ago in Britain, 'Educa-
ton is the life bloc 'dof the co-opera-
tive movement
''While the co-operator incidentally
derives material advantages from CO.
operation, the men and women who
have made this movement what it is
today have put far more into it than
they ever expected to get out of it.
because of their passion for social
service: their confidence in the social
and moral value of cooperative prin-
cin1es and their ambition ia contribute
to the evolution Of a happier social
order. <-z
"Our weakness on this continent
has always been the inadequacy Of
our facilities tor cooperative educe-
ton, and the widespread practice Of
economic cooperation before the fun
da,nental principles have been under.
stood and appreciated. The societies
which have the true cooperative
spirit and clear vision Of the objects
of the movement are too few in num-
Der and are financially not atreng
enough to adequately provide the nee
essary instruction on national scale.
In consequence. hundreds Of societies
have been organized In the past which
never had chance to succeed. The
promoters were applying principles
they did not understand and to which
they were not sincerely attached"
.5s - -.=< l-.'---.''"'----st-'--..''
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
LET YOUR WANTS BE KNOWN

LET YOUR WANTS BE KNOWN.
. People who refuse to make an effor.
to help themselves have no right to
ask others to make the effort for them
Perhaps the organized workers think
you are satisfied and they do not want
to pry, your pockets open with a crow,
bar in order to put better wages in
them.
Perhaps they think you would rather
give an extra two hours to the EN-,
ployers every day instead Of spending
them with your family,
Perhaps they think you would rather
work under poor conditions instead Of
good conditions. Join the union, then
they will know what you want and
will help you get it.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-04-16
PuRP0sHS OF UNIQNa.

The trade union movement inspires
to higher ideals about the. rights :, Of
working people; it endeayors to i'm
press upon the minds Of the workers
the necessity of patience, perseverance
and hopefulness; it aims to eliminate
indifference, apathy and dependency;
it encourages higher standard Of liv.
ing with more home comforts, and a
more diversified and useful education
for the rising generation. +, r.: >,