davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

the road or trampled into the BARN
yard manure? The disposal Of these
dead bodies offers a problem for the
poultryman, the correct solving Of
which may in many cases become al
very important matter, say specialists
Of the United States Department Of
Agriculture. This is especially true,
OF course, in cases OF death from con-
tagious diseases, and this includes a
large proportion of poultry deaths.
To throw dead chicken on the ma
nure pile or into the road is to invite.
the spread of disease. Burying is not
entirely satisfactory, because unless
the grave is dug deep the carcass may
be scratched up by dogs or other ami
mails Furthermore, in the winter the
ground may be frozen. Therefore, ,spe-
cialists declare, the best way to dis
pose Of dead poultry is to burn the
bodies.
Many town and city homes tave|
garbage burners which may be used,
but where this Is not available some
poultrymen having hot-water heating|
systems burn the bodies in the fur
mace. This cannot be done in the sum-
mer, though, so small crematories
have been built on some poultry
plants. Some of these are Of concrete,
the size depending upon the number
Of birds kept on the place, and others
are ordinary iron wood-burning stoves.
A concrete crematory will not be ex-
pensite, and would pay for itself in
safeguarding the health of all the
poultry.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

Carefully selected ana Grdded Eggs.
United States Department of Agr1cul-
ture. AS matter of fact, most Of
these so-called grades are meaning
less. The consumer usually Is guided
simply by the price asked, assuming
that If he pays the top price he will
get the best eggs, no matter what the
particular retailer may call them. In
this he is partly correct, since the
wholesalers usually maintain prices
closely related to the quality of the
eggs which they pass on to the re-
tailers, and the price which they.
charge them is reflected in the retail
price to the consumer.
Retailer at Fault.
The difficulty Is that because Of
care1essness or ignorance on the part
Of many retailers the eggs which they
receive from the wholesalers often
deteriorate rapidly while in the store.
Thus the retailer frequently receives
eggs Of good quality, attaches fancy
name to them, and price in proper
ton to what he paid, and then let's
them deteriOate on his hands, so
that they are actually poorer in quail
Ity than some cheaper eggs which he
may have just received at his store.
Under present conditions the best
thing the consumer can do is to avoid
buying eggs at stores which are OBJ
viously careless In handling them,
telling the retailer just why he does
not buy eggs at his store. He should
also call the attention Of the retailer
to any bad eggs bought of him. The
pressure which can thus be exerted
by the consumer can be made an i'm
portant factor in bringing about a
much needed improvement In the ham
ding of eggs by retailers.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
RANGE STOCK Is IMPROVED
All Kinds Of sIres, Bulls Especially,
Are Receiving Close Scrutiny
by Breeders.

In the Western range states all
kinds If sres-bulls especially-are
receiving scrutiny by 1--we stock own
erS. There Is increasing evidence that
good pnrebred males have wide inf1u-
ence on the quality of young stock
and on the returns from stock-raising
operations.
One day recently the United States
Department OF Agriculture enrolled IN
the 'Eetter Sres-Better Stock"
movement several ranchmen, each Of
whom had more than 1000 head OF
live stock. One flock Of sheep con-
tanned $50 purebred ewes and $3.50
crosshred ewes. the sires being all
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

also of the grade No. causes the ship.
per heavy loss.
The specialists believe that CONNER.
clal grades for any kind of hay should
be made so that the physical limita.
lions in production and preparation
Will be properly recognized, and that
such grades should be uniformly ap-
piled, and not influenced whatever by
| the state Of the market.
Causes of Wide Margins
Most shippers in the irrigated sec
lions seem willing to handle hay at a
gross profit Of 81 per ton if the chance
| OF losses on account Of reflections
could be eliminated. The reflections
are almost always based upon the
claim that the hay Is not up to grade,
but occur almost entirely upon a de-
Ginning market. With only the meager
protection against this practice and
resultant loss, furnished by inspection
services maintained by the trade or
CARNATIONS OF the various markets,
ne Is compelled to raise his margin of
gross profit to 50 or So per ton.
When the producer notes the wide
difference between the price which he
has received for his hay and the price
quoted. at the adjacent market, he
feels that the shipper or dealer Is TAX
ing advantage OF him and is making
too large profit. The producers de-
sire to share in this supposedly large
profit Is one Of the principal causes
Of the cooperative wave that is now
agitating southwestern alfalfa grow
ers. When this desire is stimulated BY
an enthusiastic, prospective manager
1t seems to be not very difficult mat
ter to form an organization Of pro-
ducers to ship and market hay.
Cooperative Marketing Association.
Cooperative market associations
can no doubt market their own hay as
advantageously as the individual ship
per, provided their manager is as we'll
trained and possesses equal experience
and business ability, but they are sure
to meet the same marketing difficult
ties, and will have just as many rejec-
lions and losses which must be de-
Quoted from the proceeds Of their
Sales
Many of the Irrigated sections Of
the Southwest do not ship more than
from 1000 to 5000 cars of hay each
year and this business is in some in
stances divided between two or three
shippers, who also conduct other busi-
nesses in connection, thus greatly re-
ducing overhead expenses. Co-opera-
tive shipping associations are being or
ganized in several Of these projects.
The cure for the present marketing
difficulties in the alfalfa sections Of
the Southwest would seem to be along
the line of better standards and their
impartial applications, say the market.
ing specialists.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
DAIRY cows LIKE VARIETY
Few SpeckIed Apples, 'Beets, Carrots
and Other Worthless Foodstuffs
Are DeIicactea.

A dairy COW appreciates variety In
her ration almost as much as does a
human being. Hay, grain and silage
are good and certainly should consti-
tute the main part Of the ration. But
few speckled apples, beets, carrots,
small potatoes, and other worthless
foodstuffs all are delicacies to the
COW. The dairyman who thinks Of
his cows In this way, not only keeps
them In tlourishing condition, but is
repaid Immediately by an increase In
milk yield,
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

| prepared by the United States Depart
| ment of Agriculture.)
The irrigated areas of the south
western United States can produce {
high market grade of alfalfa hay, bu1
there are several difficult problems
that must be solved in order profita
| bly, to market the hay, say specialists
Of the bureau Of markets and crop es
Inmates, United States Department Of
Agriculture.
Method 1of BaIing.
The first step which has direct
bearing upon the marketing of alfal,
ia is baling. The rainfall in the South.
west Is exceedingly light during the
hay making season, and for this rea-
son much Of the hay is baled out OF
the windrow or cock.
When hay is baled from the wind.
row in sufficiently green state to save
all the leaves, it cannot be pressed
tightly because of the danger OF
heating, and shippers therefore fire.
quently experience considerable diff
Guilty In loading cars with the mini
mum weight for which they pay
charges. Hay which has been stacked
and allowed to dry can be baled more
compact. but in haling stack hay many
Of the leaves shatter because of the
dryness. According to the application
by many inspectors Of the present
grade rules, this hay is Of a lower
grade than when the leaves cling to
the stems, Notwithstanding the fact
that the leaves may be contained in
the bale.
Sources Of Trouble.
Bleached hay, together with Weeds
causes considerable trouble in mar
keting alfalfa. 1t is well known that
alfalfa hay bleaches quickly when ex-
posed to bright sunlight, but there Is
wide difference Of opinion as to just
the amount of nutrient that is lost
In bleaching.
Commercial grade rules, however,
are based in part upon this factor.
Producers and shippers in these sec
tons contend that too much weight Is
given the color factor in the present
commercial grades for alfalfa and not
sufficient weight to its feeding value.
From investigations recently made
by the bureau Of markets and crop
estimates, it appears that when the
present grading rules are rigidly and
technically applied, as is frequently
the case on declining markets, it Is
impossible under the most ideal condi-
tons to produce choice" grade alfal-
ia.
The presence Of weed, a blade Of
grass or of a bleached stem will pre-
vent bale from grading "choice," and
1t is practically impossible to obtain
hay which is entirely clear Of any of
these things Considerable hay Is
bought and sold on this grade, how
ever, but the use Of It, and sometimes
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
STAR B0ARDERS NOT WANTED
II Milk Flow Ia to Be Kept Up Cow
Must 30 Persistent-other-
wise Discard Her.

The COW that milks heavily for Z
short time or for four or FIVE or six
months and then drops off; perhaps
entirely drying up, Is never to be seri-
ously considered when annual records
are being computed. Naturally II
one is to keep up the milk flow he
must have q cowa Persistent in her
makeup. II she proves otherwise, it
is probable that she belongs to the
class of star boardcrs that have no
,,lace on any dairy farm where bust
.7ss methods are prarticed.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
MANY Eco GRADE
TERMS ARE USED
Almost Hopeless Task for Gus
toner to Make Purchase in
Intelligent Fashion.
CONSUMER GUIDED BY PRICE
Difficulty Caused by careIessness Or
Ignorance on Part Of Retailer in
Allowing Product to Dete
riorate Rapidly.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
The customer Is often beWildered
by the number of grades of eggs Of
fered by the retailer; fresh eggs,
strictly western fresh, guaranteed
fresh, New York state fresh, fresh
gathered nearby, storage eggs, guar
anteed good storage, storage frsts,
guaranteed extra good storage, and
candled storage eggs, may all be
found side by side or in nearby
stores.
Grades Are Meaningless.
This multiplicity Of terms makes it
an almost hopeless task for the con-
sumner to buy eggs in any intelligent
fashion. say market specialists of the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
POULTRY
CACKLE.S
PREPARING MARKET POULTRY
Feed From Eighteen to Twenty
four Hours Before Killing.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Poultry should be kept without any
hard feed from eighteen to twenty-four
hours before killing, but light meal
Of soft feed can be given up to twelve
hours before killing. Water should be
given them up to time for killing, say
poultry specialists of the United States
Department Of Agriculture. When
ready to kill, suspend the fowl by the
legs and, using knife, cut the vein
at the back of the throat through the
mouth. AS soon as this vein is cut
run the point of the knife through the
roof of the mouth into the brain and
give thet knife a slight turn, which
causes the bird to lose all sense of feel
ing.
In most markets dry-picked birds are
preferred. Immediately after killing.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
FORAGE FOR BREEDING EWES
Supply Is Necessary to Produce
Strong, Vigorous Lambs-HeIps
to Balance Ration.

forage in order to produce strong
young. and the growing and develop
ing lambs must have it In order to
make good healthy ewes for breeding,
and the fattening sheep should have
some good forage to help balance their
ration. Grain alone fed to sheep ti.at
are intended for the block will not
produce The best results. They m''st
have a combination of feeds. with some
good forage forming the principal pro-
portion o. the ration.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
PROFITABLE TO RAISE MULES
Plan Suggested to Farmers Who Ex-
perience Difficulty In Selling
Young Horses.

Men with good-sized mares, who
gre having. hard time disposing OF
young horses will find it more profit
able ia raise mules than 10 raise colts.
kediu,a-rr!ced jacks can now be pur-
chased wifi, reasonable certainty Of
breeding.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
DRINKING WATER IN SUMMER.
Supply for Hogs and Chickens Over
looked on Many Farms-Skim
Milk Not Sufficient

Perhaps no animals on the farm
suffer more for fresh drinking water
during the summer than hogs and
chickens. Hogs, particularly, are
usuallys left with only Stops and skim
milk, when these hot months they
crave cool water. Water in chickens1
pans quickly evaporates, and is too
often forgotten. It, is positively cruel
to forget any animals drinking wa
ter needs In the summer months.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
FIND FAULT WITH SEPARATOR
Pays to Investigate When Flow From,
Cream Spout Seems Smaller
Than Ordinarily.

If the flow from the cream spout
Of the separator seems smaller than
ordinarily, 1t usually pays to investi-,
gate. In spite Of all precautions, 1t
often happens that foreign matter
lodges in the cream screw, thus caus--
Ing part Of the cream to be retained
with the skim milk.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
BURN DEAD POULTRY
IS EXCELLENT PLAN
Especially True in Case Of Death
From Disease.
Burying Not Satisfactory Because
Dogs and Other Animals May Dig
Carcass Up-concrete crena-
tory Is Not Expensive.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
henhouse are Objectionable upon
grounds of sanitation, but not more so
than dead poultry. How often have
you seen a dead chicken thrown into
Why does everybody go to the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

purebred. A cattle raiser who enlist
ed in the campaign the same day noti-
fed the department: Il have disposed
of two grade Hereford bulls recently,
having decided to run nothing but
purebred sres" This remark Is
typical Of the progress Of the move
ment in Montana.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
INFERTILE EGGS KEEP BEST
Of as Soon as Hatching-Egq
Season Is Over.

Infertile eggs keep best when placed
In water glass. This means that USE
less "roosters" should 60 as soon as
the hatching-egg season Is over. Eat
ing the big ROSTERS is not like tender
young fryers, but the housewife with
"a .fireless cooker can turn the tough
est old male birds into several f1ne
chicken dinners.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

shattered grain in the fields, and that
in large measure would be taken up
by other poultry and by pigs. The
pigeon has place In the scheme OF
urban poultry production, but, except
in isolated Instances where conditions
are peculiarly Favorable, its produc-
ton on farms may not be desirable.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
TOWN MAN MAY KEEP PIGEONS
Production, but Not Always
+ Desirable on Farm.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment ofaAgriculture.)
The one kind Of poultry Of ques.
tionable economic status on the farms
is the pigeon, the specialists Of the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture say In Secretary's Circular 107.
Almost exclusively a grain eater, the
a conserver of waste, unless 1t Is
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29
BoARDERs WANTED-1n pr

BOAItDEkS NANIED-ln pTl-
vate family. Two nice, large rooms
with all modern conveniences; board
by week. Would rather steady
boarders for winter. Can give best
of references. Call at corner of Gath
and Madison, or ring. phone 252.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1921-10-29

FOR service phone 1S1. Star Ga
rage. Head Of Depot.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
Refined Sugar
Down lOCent,

San Francisco. June 2s.-A ten
cent drop in the hundredweigbt
quotation in refined cane sugar
was announced today by the refjn.
ers. it being the second drop Of the
same amount in two days. Cane
dropped to $500 and beet to $40.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
Noted Indian
Speaker Here
For Convention

Formerly one of the most popu-
lar players on the Toronto, Cana
da baseball team, DR.. Louis Bruce,
a member.of the Mohawk tribe of
Indians, will be the principal
speaker at the convention of West
ern Indian missionary workers be-
ing held at the Methodist Episco-
pal church of this city in connec-
tion with the school for rural pas
tors now going on under the di-
rection of Willamette university.
DIR. Bruce was also present at
the division conference of Eastern
Indian missionary workers held
this month in St. Paul, Minnesota,
where he won the name of the "In.
dian Billy Sunday" His address
here will be on the suppression of
the liquor traffic to the Indians
with which he is very conversant
Other speakers at the conference
will be Edward Laird Mills, editor
Of the Pacific Christian Advocate,
who will talk tomorrow on the
Need of Developing Native Lead
ership."
Elmer E. Higley, superintendent
OF Indian missions for the Meth
odist Episcopal church, with head
quarters in@Chicago, and who is ia
charge ofythe convention. will also
deliver an address, as well as his
assistant, Mrs. s. s: Begg.
The convention started yester-
day with about Is, workers pres
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
Campers $ Enjoy
Concert; Many
Work On Fruit

Many campers. at the auto park
take advantage OF the opportunity
to hear the band concerts given
Tuesdays and Fridays, according
to Superintendent Alberts, who
hears much favorable comment
among the tourists. The fountain
is more or less of novelty to all OF
them, and all seem to enjoy the
evenings in Wilson park.
Two dozen advertisements fol
cherry and berry pickers appear on
the camp bulletin board, and many
60 to the orchards and vineyards
for work. Some of the tourists
who come to seek work, the grow
ers complain. sem rather indiffer-
ent whether they get 1t or not
Many just drift in and look at the
orchards while others pick for a
few hours and a day and go on,
complaining that the wages are
not high enough.
Those that stay are making
good money in general, according
to growers. J. r.. Chapman, Polk
county orchardist, says that those
who dig in and work earn from SO
a day up. 1t will be easy for an
experienced picked to gather 500
pounds when we reach the top of
the season. he stated.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
Lamar Tooze Is
Law Graduate

Dallas, June 29.--Lamar Tooze,
son of Mrs. w. l.. Tooze of Salem,
has graduated from the law de-
partment or Harvard university.
In July he will take the Oregon
state bar examination and after
wards expects to begin practice
in. Portland. He was the only Ore
gon man to graduate from the
Harvard law school this year.
Mr.. Tooze gained considerable
prominence, when he was chosen
a member Of the kord peace par
ty from the University OF Oregon
in the fall of 1915. He was grad
uated from this institution with
his brother. Leslie, in the class of
1916. He was president of the
student body of the university in
1915-1916, president of fraterni-
ty house, Beta Theta Pi, during
the same years and was winner OF
the $50 Failing -Beekman prize
as the best orator of his class.
Lamar and Leslie Tooze enter
ed Harvard law school in Septem-
ber, 1916, and at the outbreak OF
the war enlisted and entered train
Ing camps. Lieutenant Lamar
Tooze. at the close of the war,
was chief intelligence officer of
the S46th infantry regiment Of
the 9lst division. He was in the
battle OF the Argonne and it was
bis fate to help bury his twin
brother on the battlefield at
Eclisfontain, France.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
Scout Week End
Camp Dedication
Tomorrow Night

Dedication of the recently com.
pleted dam and bridge at the Sa-
lem Boy Scouts weekend camp
located about two miles northeast
of Salem, will be held at the camp
tomorrow evening at z O'Clock.
"Hot dogs" surrounded by buns
will have the place of honor on
the menu.
Speeches will be made following
the supper. The scouts will leave
SaSlem at 6:30. Visitors will be
welcome. but should bring their
own lunches, officials announced
this afternoon.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29

have Mr.. Eaton SO arrange his
itinerary so that he may spend a
day or two at the Salem boy scout
camp, to be held in southeastern
Lane county during the month of
August. Unless something OF an
unforeseen nature prevents, 1t is
expected that Mr.. Eaton will ac-
cept this invitation from the Sa-
lem. boy scouts. ~
Earth, mixed with articles of
food is eaten by the natives of
Borneo and some tribes of North
American Indians.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
Revenue VI
tc .s
EspeeShow
Increase
Report Puts Gain Of
Operating Expenses
Above Income Ad-
vance, However

New York, June 29-Total rail
way operating revenue of the
Southern Pacific company and its
subsidiaries for 1920 aggregated
s2S2,269,5O4, an increase of $42,-
612,232, or 17.S per cent over the
preyious year, according to the de-
tailed report of the system issued
today.
Today railway operation ex-
penses of $242,113,790 increased
s53.72S,61S or 1882 per cent
leaving a net railway operating
income of $21,S12,s44, decrease
of s18,364,724, or 1928 per cent.
The constant growth of ex-
penses is disclosed in the operat-
ing ratio. This amounted to S5.77
per cent in 1920, against 1851 in
1919, 73.43 pertcent in 1918 and
only 62.18 percent in 1917.
Maintenance of equipment alone
Increased slightly over "a per cent
and the heavy increase of traffic
expenses resulted chiefly from the
regaining of traffic diverted while
the road was Under federal con-
troll.
Current assets of the Southern
Pacific system. including cash ap-
proxating $16,500,0O0, show
large increase over the previous
year. Included In this account are
materials and supplies of the com
pany's oil properties, which are
listed at $40.2B3.359 against ST.
555,l51 in 1919.
Current liabilities include loans
and bills payable of five million
dollars and an Increase of $24,-
416,500 in the company's capital
stock. Total corporate surplus of
$2S7,617,06Ss shows an increase Of
s12,729,296.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, 1921-06-29
ent. 1t is open to the public.
DR.. Collins Will
Talk To Clerks

Store clerks and others who
lead "a life OF confinement will be
addressed this evening by DR..
Henry Collins of Portland on
Health and Business Efficiency
The talk will cover such .im-
portant subjects as sleep, recre-
alton, food, exercise and dieting
as well as many other topics. The
lecture. is particularly adapted to
those who spend their lives inside
stores and offices. 80
DR.. Collins has lectured to en-
ployes. of Meier and Frank, and
other big stores in Portland. He
has also talked to store men In
Pendleton and other eastern Ore
gon,. towns. From here he goes to
Corvallis and Albany. +,
The lecture is entirely free and
commences at So'clock. I