The Press., 1921-04-21
OF MIXED BLOOD
Population of Scotland Made Up
 of Six Races.
SeOttt Tribe, Originally Irish, Gave Their Name to the Country, .Ac-
 cordlng to the Historian.

The Scotch reached Scotland from Ireland and are not the descendants of Gaelic Celts who had been pushed north by a later (British) invasion of Britain. The first authentic infOrma- ton on Scotland dates from the time of the Romans, @ A. D. Roman rule in Britain came to an end in 41O, and Britain then ceased to be part of the Roman empire.
 The population of Scotland is made up of Pictish, Irish, British, Saxon, Danish and Norman elements, all of them Indo- Celtic. the three first, Gel tic, the three last, Germanic peoples. The Picts contributed the bulk of the population, but were overcome by the Scotti Qrish), who had settled in Dal- riada, part of the present county of Argyle. The ScOtti then became the dominant people.
 BrythOnic Celts dwelt in Strath- clyde; their chief city was Dunbar ton (Dun Bretten, Fort of the Brit | Ons"O. Toward the close of the Eighth century the Danes appeared and ravaged the coast settlements and the isles. The Saxons first appeared In 428 in Britain. In the Eleventh century Norman refugees first crossed the border into Scotland.
 The first Irish colonization in Scot land took place toward the end of the second century, but the kingdom of Dalriada was not effected until the close of the fifth. It Is these Scotti who have given their name to Scot land. The relations between the two countries were very close and lasted 1000 years, or at least up to the Ref ormatiOn, and the early literature and civilization of Scotland belong to Ireland.
 According to legend, the name Scotch is derived from Scotara daugh- ter of one of the Pharaohs." The word is probably related etymologically to the German Schatz, and means "mas- ters, owners" Originally, and there fore in all medieval Latin texts down to the end of the Eleventh century, it meant only Ireland. Since that date it means specifically Scotland. The Scotch Gael never calls himself Scotch, but Gael, or, to indicate his country, Albanach. English-speaking Highlanders, even though Scotchmen, are SaxOns in the mind of a Gael. In the Fifteenth century, when English became the predominant speech in the Lowlands, the English and non-C Celtic Scotch called Gaelic "Erse." Since the Sixteenth century the name Scotch has been applied to the Eng fish spoken in the LOwlands. So, by a strange freak of fortune, Scotch, originally applied to a variety of Gel tic, has come to mean Broad Scotch or Quaint English, language of Ger manic origin.
 The distinction made between the Highlands and LOwlands of, Scotland Is correct merely so far as the phys ical configuration of the country is concerned, but incorrect If racial significance is read into it. There is a mistaken notion that Scotland is a country of two races, Celtic in the North and Teutonic in the South, and that the latter element has displaced the former. No doubt the Lowland ScOtchman is a person of very com pOsite blood, but he is above all a Celt.-From a Paper by Dr. Joseph Dunn before Archaeological Society of Washington, in the Scientific American Supplement.