davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-10-02
The Pink Salmon.

SALMON must be salmon-colored
to command price and favor in the
fish market. All salmon have not that
agreeable color which nearly all per-
sons demand of fish of the salmon
family. and although they are really
as good eating as their salmon-colored
kindred. they hold lower place in
popular esteem and are not much used
by Gamers or packers" the latter
term being that which is currently
applied to persons and companies that
put up fish in cans.
1t is a strange fact, and there Is no
scientific explanation as to the why"
of it, that some salmon of the same
variety have pink flesh and Others
white. This is true of the Chinook
salmon, which is the largest. best
known and most valuable salmon.
This variety, which is found on the
Pacific coast from California to north
ern Alaska and on the Asiatic side
from China to the Arctic. takes on
spring it's body is silver and on the
dorsal fin and the tail are spots
that are nearly round and black. In
the fall the fish changes its color to
dark red: that is, this change takes
place in some parts of the world. In
British Columbia about one-third of
these salmon have white flesh. Au-
thorities on fish say that there has
never been any reasonable explana-
tion of this phenomenon.
The Chinook salmon is also known
under the name Of the "quinnat" and
the king salmon" It's average weight
is twenty-five pounds. and sometimes
an individual is taken which weighs.
hundred pounds. \
The salmon of deepest and most
uniform pink and therefore most in
demand by packers is that variety
called by three names, sockeye. blue
back and red salmon. When this fish
comes in from the sea to spawn its
color is bright blue above and silver
below. but soon after entering a river
the color Of its head changes to olive
green, it's back and sides to crimson
and at length to dark blo0d-red.
while the belly remains white. The
average weight sf this salmon is five
pounds, but some individuals weigh
twelve pounds.
Another canning salmon is the
hump-back or pink salmon and there
are two other varieties each Of less
commercial Importance to the can
ming industry. One of these is the
silver or coho salmon and the other
.he dog chum salmon.
Salmon are members of the fish
family. or fish genus. called ''ono-
crhynchus." which is a combination
of two Greek words meaning hook
snout," "onkos" being the Greek word
for hook and 'rhynchus" meaning
scout.
Evening star., 1921-10-02

lettuce. and Akale. The quantity of
potatoes was sufficient to supply the
hens kept at the zoo fer Matching out
eggs of rare birds and waterfowl,
that often refuse to set. supply fresh
eggs during their spare time. Stale
bread is bought from one of the
Washington bakeries. :.
Twenty-two- -keepers are employed at
the zoo to prepare food for and feed
the animals. Over seventy-five men
are on the pay roll. This, includes
ground keepers and carpenters. : "A car
penter shop is maintained for work on
the, buildings and about the cages.
Among other work doneaat the shop
is the manufacturing OF heavy wire
used about the cages and some Of the
more unruly animals. ---.st -.
The carnivorous animals are fed at
1880 each day. and Mr.. Blackburn
places particular stress on, prompt
feeding. An hour before the. time the
lions and tigers, Of which the zoo has
oneio OF the best collect tiens.t sthes scoun-
Evening star., 1921-10-02

of the other animals. AS the writer
entered the afternoons meal for the
bears was being prepared A keeper
hauled up nine loaves, 12S pounds.
four inches thick, a foot wide and
eighteen inches long. They are cut
into two-inch slices SO that bears can
chew into them easily. The bears. are
fed twice each day and consume 252
pounds of the bread. The two polar
bers are fed, in addition. some fifteen
pounds of meat. The others are given
meat and fish only occasionally.
In the kitchen was a great trough
full of dough for tomorrow's bak-
Evening star., 1921-10-02

- WEN a plentiful supply of
green apples in the orchard
and castor oil in the home.
Il swimmin' hole nearby and
a place to fish and a schoolhouse pre-
sided over by an old-fashioned teach
er who enforces the three Rs to the
tune of hickory stick, the average
American boy will grow up to be
good American citizen. But when
this same boy is born in the city and
raised in the city. his hours of play
spent in crowded streets and alleys
instead of the open country fields
and woods, his hours of study in
schoolrooms containing fifty or more
of his kind, and his time at home
shared with parents who often are
too busy to do much but furnish food
for his stomach. then this American
boy has only about a fifty-fifty chance
of growing up to be a good American
citizen. and sometimes the odds
against him are more than even.
As the Americans of the future are
going to be, to large extent, the
boys who grow up in city and over
come or are overcome by it's handi-
caps, it is high time to lind out how
modern science can replace nature in
developing the boy of today into the
citizen OF tomorrow. Therefore, an
experiment which is going to be con-
Quoted for the next five years out in
the city of Mansfield. Richland county,
Ohio, is going to be of interest to
every community that cares for the
future of it's youth.
The National Child Health Council.
an organization with headquarters in
Washington. which co-ordinates the
principal child health activities of
the country, is going to make the eX-
pertinent. Briefly. this test is to find
out what progress can be made under
conditions as nearly perfect as pos
sible in caring for the children of
an average, American community
through period of five years.
aside to defray the expense of
the demonstration, and this will be
augmented by appropriations from
the city and county of Mansfield
and RIchland. The fund is divided
into items which will cover the ex-
pense of a special corps of nurses,
doctors and childrens specialists,
food and equipment. The personnel
brought to the community will remain
there for the fve-year period and
their reports and observations will be
woven into an adequate history OF the
test. which is intended to serve as
guide for other communities through
out the United States.
The National Child Health Council
chose Mansfield and Richland county
after a careful survey OF the relative
merits of approximately eighty COM
munities which applied for the dem
onstration. Mansfield and Richland
county won its vote because they
most nearly met the requirements,
chief among which was that they
must be a city and county which
come nearest being typical of average
American life. The city had to have
a population of between 10000 and
10000 and the county between 10000
and $4,000. Some of the specific quali-
fications laid down were that the city
should have normal percentage OF the
population engaged in manufactur-
ing; there should be no strikingly
predominant racial stock; there should
be q variety OF industries; the sur
Evening star., 1921-10-02

varied. just now the head keeper is
busy stimulating the appetite of a
Malayan tapir, one of two sleek and
plump animals of this species which
have recently arrived from the far
east.
Here's a sample menu for one day
at the Zoo:
Horsemeat. fish. pigeon. beets. carrots,
oranges corn tshelledl, oats twhoe). wheat,
bread Drown. eggs, sunfiOwer seed, hemp
seed. rape, wild seed. sweet potatoes. white
potatoes, onions; apples, bananas. hay. corn
tcracked). oats trolled), alfalfa meal, bread
white stale). rice. canary seed, millet, mock
ingbird food. salt table rOck,.
AS much care is taken in the
Evening star., 1921-10-02

TRIP Through the Kitchens of the National Geological PakEa Animal
Bird Has Different Idea What He Should the Head
Keeper, Mr. Backburn the Demand and Bakers for Former
Jungle TerrorCosts Neborhood $500 Month for Animal Meals
Vegetables Grown Zoo Gdn-T Taste for Horse MeatFt Meal Of the
FourT
Evening star., 1921-10-02
BY HERBERT f. CORN.

OW would you like to prepare
- dinner for family of 1000.
and a family of 1900 &C.
centric appetites at that?
This is the ask which W. II. Black
burne, head keeper of animals in the
National Geological Gardens tackles
every day. He has been head keeper
since the founding of the Washington
Zoo. thirty years ago. There is little
about the diet of any wild thing that
Mr. Blackburne does not know.
When monkey becomes sickly and
does not relish his food the head
keeper tempts him with condensed
milk and raw eggs. or boiled rice,
until he has fully recovered again.
If that diet doesn't bring the desired
effects. the animal is placed in an
other cage and his surroundings
Evening star., 1921-10-02

S usual. we have arrived at
~ the station an hour ahead
n OF time" said Simone. in an
irritated tone, as she took
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
IA w MA MATERIALSAUSTRIA'S MOST URGENT NEED
New Helicopter to Gust Airship
Of Future, Says Hewitt, Famous
Inventor, Describing Machine

+ direction without turning as an
aeroplane does, and is capable OF
landing on any surface.
He describes it in detail as fol-
lows:
The helicopter is strange
looking affair, with two propeIlers
Of large diameter rotating in oppo-
site directions on a central shaft.
These propellers may be run by mo-
tors Of any horsepower. The ma
chine l designed for the government
in 1918 was operated by a 2OO-horse-
power motor capable of making a
lift Of 400 pounds.
The entire machine is built OF
steel, except for the ribs OF the
propeller blades and the blade COW
ering, which is of sheet aluminium.
| The propellers OF this machine were
each fifty-one feet in diameter. The
power transmission shafts are con-
centric and driven by two motors
This machine not only has the
power Of flying much faster than
any aeroplane built, but is capable
of changing direction as quick as a
/ fash. 1t can fly in any weather and
| is free from all danger OF FIRE, since
[ 1t Is built entirely Of metal. 1t needs
/ little space to start from, and very
! little in which TO land.
IF it is necessary TO land on a
roof which is too fragile to receive
| the entire weight Of the machine,
the aviator may so adjust the speed
| Of the propellers that landing can
be made without putting the full
] weight on the surface Of the roof.
Landings can be made in svamps
and morasses. even on the surface
/ OF the water, without pontoons.
Exact landings can be made on the
earth, a thing impossible today with
the aeroplsne.
This helicopter is the weapon OF
the future. A nation well supplied
with helicopters can absolutely wipe
| out the finest and most eficient
navy in the world. Ports and hsr-
bors can be demolished in a night
I realize that many machines,
many devices and inventions have
been proposed, with the claim that
/ they would accomplish miracles.
But I claim that the helicopter is
( founded on a genuine scientific bs-
sis. and that with further expert
mentation il will. take its place as
one Of the indispensable creations
OF civilization.
Its value is not only military.
| but commercial. As a commercial
vehicle it will absolutely supplsnt
| the aeroplanc. II will prove more
| reliable, cheaper to construct and
easier to manage"
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
Soviet Russia Makes Overture to China;
Promises to Renounce Treaties of Car

and regulations. the same applying
to Chinese residents of Russia,
5. After the date OF the sigma
ture Of the treaty. the Chinese gov
crnment shall sever relations with
those self-constituted Russian dip
lomatic and consular officers not
having the recognition of the So
Wet government, also delivering to
the Soviet government the Rus
sian legation and consular build
ings in China. including the prop
critics and archives.
6 The Soviet government en-
cages to renounce all claims to the
Russian portion of the Boxer in
demnity, but China shall engage
not to use the same to support
officers of the former imperial gov
ernment other than anti-revolution-
ary persons and organizations.
7. After the treaty has been sign
ed, both parties shall engage in an
exchange of diplomatic and consular
officials. .. .-. -.. ---. a.. .-s., 2.
g. Special arrangements Shall be
made proVidiRe Cor the Soviets, Use,
of the Chinese Eastern Railway. and
the Far Eastern Republic shall be
a party to such an agreement.
To AbrOgate Treaties.
The above draft OF the treaty,
signed by Karahan, acting com
missary Of foreign affairs. was ac-
Companied by covering note re-
ferring to the SOviet's declaration
addressed to China on July 25. 1919
in which the Soviet governQent
expressed its willingness to abro-
gate all treaties made between
China and the former Czarist gov
ernments, and intimated prepared
ness to meet Chinese representa-
tives with view to restoration of
Chinese dssian friendship. The
note states that the Soviet govern
ment is convinced that Chinese
Russian problems admit OF an
amicabIe settlement aCcruing to
mutual benefit. 1t claims enemies
Of China in Russia always en-
deavored to prevent a Chinese Rus
sian rapprOachment, fearing "Our
union would mean the end Of the
present era wherein it is possible
to bully and browbeat your peop. e
with impunity."
The notes chat the draft Of the
treaty adheres to the principles
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
Celestials Change Atti-
tude, Due to Maltreat-
ment of Chinese by Boil
sheviki. Japan Also
Makes Vigorous OppO-
sition to New Pact.
-Undervoed and Underwood


enunciated in the declsration o.
1919 which are essential to the es-
tablishment Of permanent Chinese.
Russian peace. " 1t regards eight
clauses in the draft of the treaty
as essential. but is prepared e. "a
modify them II the, Chinese govern
ment so desires,
1t thinks that other ma tiers, in
GLIDING customs and ra u ways would
be better -eovcre5f in specist treaties
Ut requests OF the chinss Sc "a rom pt
reply favoring the conclusion of
the treaty in the near future.
CkIns Cool. on.
China is cooling toward the
Soviet owing to the maltreatment oi
Chinese residents and property In
the Far Eastern republic The
YOurin negotiations have therefore
been interrupted and at present
there is little likelihood of the des.
patch OF a Chinese delegate to Mos,
COW to reply to the Soviet treaty
oner Furthermore. the Japanese
not desiring Chinese Russ an trade
from Harbin' westward. are press
ing Chang Tso' Lin. inspector gen.
eral at Aanchuria. to persuade
Pekin not to negotiate a commercial
treaty between Moscow and China
inspiring him with the fear Of the
harmful effect of BolsheVist inter
course and propags nda in China.
Copyright 1874. by Public Ledger Co. F.,
East service.)
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31

% sLW turn may
Principal payable gold the of
standard thaa
holder of which
Railroad be
Iof Pennsylvania
Truef of The PennyFni
Gold
Washington Railroad due
The to any yGoenm
Application will in donth New kSdoEx
IN.
for be of
enerabeH nd nd by
kuhn Loeb & Co.
The National City Company Guaranty Company of New
Dillon, Harris, Forbes & Co. Kdder Peabody Co.
Lee, Hgginson & Co. Blair & Co., Inc. Cassatt Co.
The Union Trust Co. of Pittsburgh
Girard Trust Co. of Pha Commercial Trust Co. of Pha.
Continental and Commercial Trust and Savings Bank Chicago
New January 28 1921.
the above L having dda .m.rro
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
special Gable Dispatch to
The wAShington Herald. }

PARIS, Jan. 80. - France is Ieav-
ing no stone unturned in her effort
to be adequately prepared for any
future conflict with Germany.
There is at present 4 feverish
interest on the part of The French
in the possibilities OF developing the
helicopter, a flying machine which
is proposed as a substitute for the
aeroplane.
Peter Cooper Hewitt. the famous
American engineer and inventor,
who is at present in Paris, is said
TO be engaged by the French gov
ernment in connection with the nell
copter
Hewitt denies he is doing any
work for the French government,
but takes the opportunity to declare
that ;he American government made
serious mistake in abandoning eN-
periments begun in 1918 with the
helicopter
Hewitt built a helicopter for the
United States during the war, and
had the world conflict continued
much longer it would have been used
along with the aeropIane on the
western front Since that time all
work on this machine has been sus-
pended.
Hewitt describes this apparatus as
a machine which mounts straight
upward from the ground. flies in any
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
BRITISH-JAPANESE
WAR PACT CALLED
BASELESS RUMOR
London Observer Calls on
Churchill for Repu-
diatiOn.
CspeoiL csbls Difpateh ts
Ths vGIkihrtsH HsrsldD

LONDON, Jan. 3O-Perturbed by
suspicious in the United States,
Canada and Australia regarding the
Anglo-Jspsnese treaty. J. /. Gsrvin,
in todsy's Observer, bids Winston
Churchill, the new minister Of i'm
perisI affairs, to issue an official
statement that the aprehensions are
baseless
The treaty was a safeguard
against Asistic dangers which do
not now exist" says GSrvin- The
treaty never had a point in IL which
was leyeled at the United States.
Every sane human being ought 70
know that the fsintest suggestion
OF British action with Japan against
America would range Australia,
New Zealand and Canada with the
United States, even against the
mother country, and would disrupt
the empire.
Japan, for her swarminE popu-
lstion, is entitled to adequate scope
on the Asiatic shores nearest her
own. On that sufficient basis London
and Washington ought to be friendly
TO the MikSdo's people.
Nothing under the sun is more
absolutely certain than that II
Japan were TO attack any English
speaking people she would have to
meet the cPmbined forces Of the
whole English speaking people.
Because we absolutely refuse -
regard the United States in the
light Of an enemy working for ruera
aggression without shadow Or
cause, we limit our aims TO a naval
equality with America Let Il be
joint arfair with security for both
and aggressive domination ror
neither. More we do not seek and
less we cannot do Win
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
POVERTY FORCING
CLERGYMEN TO BEG

LONDON. Jan. 3.-The hard lot oF
the clergymen, in view Of the hirh
cost OF living and the increase Or
taxation. is dealt with by DR.. Hens
ley Henson. Bishop Of Durham in
a pastoral letter, in which he saws.
I fear that few lsymen reHlizs
how grsVely clerical poverty is tell
ing on the efficiency OF the Church
OF England. Ineficiencv i
growing over the psrochiaI system
like creeping paralysis. Some ~
the clergy are falling in debt. and
few are sinking TO private rnendi-
cancy."
The bishops letter has caused
considerable sensation in the do
Cese
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
Reds Pledge Restoration
Of All Rights ;Conclud-
ing of Boxer Indemnity
Fund and Return of All
Concessions Acquired
By Late Ruler.
By ROGER AMES BURR.
Special Cable Dispatch to
The Washington Herald.

The Washington Herald }
PEkIN, Jan. 3O.-Mai Gen. Chang
Sze Ling, chief of the Chinese diplo-
matte and military mission to Mos
cCw, has returned from Russia,
bringing the following Soviet draft
of a proposal for a treaty of friend
ship and alliance between Soviet
Russia and China, dated October 2
last:
+ / The Soviet governments engages g
to renounce all treaties concluded
between the former imperial gov
Srnment and China and will uncon-
ditionally return - China all rights
and concessions in Leased territories
acquired by Russian capitalists or
the CZarist government in China.
?. Both republics shall endeavOr,
wherever possible, to restore former
eCOEOmiC and commercial relations
and forthwith conclude a special
treaty on a most favored nation
basis
;. Both governments snail engage
Lot to support nti-revolutionary
persons or organizations and will
prevent the establishment on Chi
nese territory of an nti-SOYiet base.
After the treaty has been signed
tho Chinese government shall dis
arm and intern al! anti-re voIution-
AIRY persons or organizations found
in Chinese territory l0tting IgaInsC
the safety of the Soviet republic
with "iew to their ultimate sur
render to the proper Soviet authori-
ties. The Soviet government shall
undertake the same duty in the
cases of Chipcse .nlNiduaIs and or
ganizatiOns plotting against CH;na' 5
safety in Russian territory.
4. All Russians residing in China
shall be subject to the Chinese laws
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
$6O,OOO,OOO
The Pennsylvania Railroad Company
FifteenYear 612 Per Cent Secured Gold Bonds
Due February |, 1886

Due February |, 1886

oprncru uand
0 p m interest ~ ~h nurnrs
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31
Must Quit Navy to Be Actors.

If Lieut.. L. A KIoor and Lieut..
Walter Hinton, who narrowly es-
capped death in their balloon flight to
Hudson Bay. determine to go on the
vaudeville stage, as has been re-
ported, they must first resign from
the navy, ii was stated authorita-
lively.
II they file their designations. il
was stated, they will be promptly
accepted.
The Washington herald., 1921-01-31

Krakow and the ALLEGATIONS assign
ed TO Poland under the Czech agree
ment from Cieszyn Silesia. amount
TO about 100000 tons monthly when
production is most favorable. or
this 100000 tons. $4,000 tons are
required for railways. gas and en-
gIneering works. sugar, salt and
petroleum industries, agriculture.
etc. which leaves only $4,000, or
less thar 10 per cent Of what is
required, for other industries. house
hold purposes, and the requirements
for export under the treaty. This
situation has been aggravated by
shortage of deliveries from Ger
many. According to the agreement
of May 81, Poland was to receive
$4,000 tons monthly from Upper
Silesis, OF which $4,000 tons were
to be transported by Germany in
German railway cars. For each Of
the last four months Germany has
only delivered 100000 tons under
the pretext that Poland was not
returning the German cars.
As stated in previous letter,
there has been recently great
inhux into Lemberg of Jewish refu-
gees from. the Ukraine. Americans
viii be interested to know the Lem
berg town council is vigorously urc-
ing the Polish koyernment to per.
suade the United States to grant
permission to these thousands of
Jewish families to proceed to
America
According to both Poles and Boil
sheviki, the peace negotiations at
Riga are continuing satisfactorily.
and it is generally believed that
peace will finally be signed early
In February.