Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1921-06-09

| Alaskan Herds
Prepared BY the National Geographic So
| ciety. Washington. d. c.
| A new meat has been reaching Amer
lean tables during the last few years,
a food that as yet comparatively few
American palates have had the OPP
portunity to compare with their fa-
miliar roast beef, mutton and pork.
It is the meat of reindeer, and 1t
from our own Alaska.
Within single generation, Cupid"
and "Vixen" and Comet and
"Prancer," those semi-myt theological
companions of ruddy Saint Nick
which spring into. action with tho
very first remembered syllables Of the
famous Christmas poem. have become
the staple live stock for the Far North
west of the American continent. San
Ia Claus may use motor truck or
even an airplane in making his city
deliveries, but in Alaska the reindeer
Is coming into its own. -
In Europe and Asia the reindeer was
domesticated in prehistoric times. Not
SO in America, where this species Of
the deer family, the Cervidae. were
known as caribou, and IRE still so
known, to distinguish them from the
domesticated and imported animal.
The first Importation, consisting Of
only 1852 reindeer, was landed lat Teller,
Alaska, on Independencessd ay, 1892.
During that year and the decade fol-
lowing, Ills more were imported from
Siberia and landed on the shores Of
Port Clarence bay. The reindeer inn
ported from Norway in 1898 were all
draft animals, steers, and are now
extinct.
From the outset the deer thrived,
and as the number increased, other
herds were formed from the mother
herd at Teller. Roaming the frozen
wastes north and south, from Point
Barrow to the Alaskan peninsula, there
are today more than a hundred herds.
aggregating about 100000 deer. It is
estimated that during this period more
than 100000 have been killed for food
and skins; so that in less than thirty
years the increase has been more than
two hundred fold.
| Although the Alaskan reindeer in
dustry is still in its infancy, 1t is rap
idly becoming firmly established. The
reindeer is not, however. highly pro-
life. The female deer usually gives
birth to but one fawn a year, and II
there are twins. one of the young ID
likely to die.
Reasons for Rapid Increase.
The rapid increase is due to two
facts: One is the remarkable shardi-
hood of the fawns, which only few
hours after birth are strong and feet
of foot. The contrast between the
self-reliant reindeer fawnS and the
weak, knobby-kneed colt or calf, is
striking and has much to do with the
tendency Of reindeer herds to increase
rapidly in spite Of a low birth rate.
AS the social worker would say, the
infant mortality is slight.
The other factor in the rapid In
crease, and an Illustration Of the fact
that early fecundity is not entirely a
/ tropical trait, is the remarkable fact
that yearling reindeer frequently re.
4 produce. #
The reindeer has been aptly named.
OF all ungulate, ruminant, and gregar.
ious animals, It is one of the most
particular in the selection Of its food
It pastures during the summer On
tender mosses. lichens. mushrooms
algae, and grasses. Its typical home
is Lapland. In the Lapp tongue thu
word s'reino" means pasturage. 30 thai
the word reindeer" means an animal
that pastures. During the long winter
the deer subsist entirely upon moss
(which abounds on the vast tundras
and hills Of Alaska, 80 that the deer
man has almost unlimited grazing
land for his herds. VI. q {.
Plenty Of Moss for Food.
It has been estimated that thert
are 200 600 square miles OF this dry
i coral-like moss in Alaska enougl
grazing land for 5000, 600 deer. Thi'
class Of pasturage Is suitable for n,
other animal except. Il may be- thu
a musk OK; hence these thousands 9
square miles Of Arctic Alnska, wer,
II It not for; the reindeer, would prov,
4 practically valneiess and could no
Isbe permanently Inhibited: Il Sd
Il There is only one drawback TO Sthi
Ecalculation: Inevitably the reihdee
seek the coast a. summer, to escap
M swarns Of mosquitoes and e ltcl