davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
HOME KITCHEN
VENTILATED FOR
COOK s CONF OFT

Three times every day or twenty
one times a week every woman who
does her own cooking is obliged to
spend hours in a stuffy kitchen
4 filled with cooking odors that not
only make a heavy, ill-smellins
atmosphere, but really take away
the appetite. In the winter time
doors and windows are usually
kept closed to prevent chilling the
house and gradually other rooms
become permeated with objection
able odors.
A new kitchen ventilator operat-
ed electrically is able to turn the
kitchen workshop into a pleasantef
place because 1t draws off all COOK
ing odorS and keeps them from en-
tering other rooms. Such a ven
tilator permits the cooking of foods
that are often omitted from the
family dinner because they VIII
"smell up" the house. The home
atmosphere should be Kept fresh
clean and sweet and free from
smoky, steamy air.
Ventilating equipment has Ions
been in use in the kitchens OF IT'S
class RESTAURANTS OhSlA =,
with their huge ranges Woula W
excessively hot and there wouiu pt
O consequent spoilaSe OF 1000, no
to mention the discomfort OF tn'
cooks, if there had been no Prov
sion for proper ventilation Pure
air is as important as nure water
not only in big Kitchens put II
home kitchens. Heretofore the lat
fer have depended chiefly upor
hnphazard methods Of ventilation
The new kitchen ventilator fol
homes corrects this haphazard con
dition for it is scientifically design
cd SO that it will draw out smoky
steamv air fast enough but it vii
not waste heat. 1t is another mucl
needed kitchen aid in helping T.
keen the home kitchen comfort
-
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
ELECTRICAL NOTES

Figures show that the average
person now uses more than twelve
times the amount of electricity that
he used eighteen years ago. An
army Of 100000 men and women
are owners now of stocks and
bonds Of the electric companies
and more than 300,000,000 of pub
lie funds in the hands of insurance
companies and $1,700,000,000 in
bank funds are invested in public
utility securities.
Useful rules for baking: Slow
even, temperature Is about ESQ to
800 degrees Fahrenheit; moderate
oven, temperature Is about $50 to
400 degrees Fahrenheit, hot oven,
temperature is about 400 to $50
degrees Fahrenheit; very hot oven.
temperature Is about 450 to $50 de-
grees Fahrenheit.
Already many farms have cleo
tricity delivered to them by the
central station plants and within
a very short time 1t is to be expect
ed that the rural districts will have
the same efficient and modern
service as Is possible In the thickly
populated cities. The same plants
that serve the cities now furnish
service to the smaller communities
and to the farms.
An electric grill of improved
rigid construction with a conven-
lent three-heat snap switch that
can be easily detached when clean
ing the appliance. has been placed
on the market. The grill includes
a removable rack with four sepa-
rate pans for poaching eggs, and
is of the shape and size of the ordi-
nary stove plate which permits the
use Of small aluminium vessels. The
mans have large handles. strongly
supported. The grill is also made
with an oven, which adds to its
serviceabllity in the well appointed
light housekeeping apartment or
lSitchenette.
Under the auspices Of the Elec-
trical Cooperative league there is
now being constructed in Denver
an electrical home. 1t Is being con-
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
A WEEKS DINNERS FOR THE
MARRIED WOMAN WORKER.

This mornings mall brought me
letter which reads, II am writ
ing for bunch Of us who are
married wage earners. When we
leave the shop for our homes at
night we have to do our market
! ing then get dinner for our hus'
| bands. Would you help us BY
printing a whole weeks set Of din
ner menus that we could get In a
hurry, after getting home at night?
It's so hard to think up good meals
| that we can get in about half an
hour. And they must be substan-
tial, for our men folks need hearty
! meals
| take pleasure in helping out
| these girls with the following:
Monday Nights Dinner-Cold
meat left from Sundays roast.
Boil just twice as many potatoes
as you need for this meal - so
you'll have some cold tomorrow
night for hash. open and heat q
can of string beans. Dice a cou-
pie of bananas and a couple of
oranges, mix them, then sprinkle
with sugar, for dessert. Bread,
butter and coffee are taken for
granted in these menus. Also
pickles, relishes, and other such
things that help to make a meal
taste good.
| Tuesday Nights Dinner - Hash
from the last bits Of Sundays roast
and the cold boiled potato on
hand. Open and heat can of
tomatoes. Make a cornstarch pud-
ding (this Is a quickly made des-
sert, and the egg in 1t helps II
make the meal substantially.
Wednesday Nights dinner -
Hamburg steak meat balls. Make
a double quantity of white pota-
toes again (half for tomorrow
mighty and mash them all. Open
and heat a can of peas. Pare
core and dice couple OF apples
put them over the fire with water
to cover, and boil them about %
minutes, or till soft, then sweeten
them to taste; this apple sauce is
even better II a dash of ground
cinnamon is added for flavor, or
a little lemon juice or drop or
two Of vanilla extract.
Thursday Nights Dinner Buy
two or three slices Of raw ham
and broil this as you would chops
Make potato cakes from the cold
mashed potatoes you have on
hand, frying the cakes a rich
brown. Cut up a few stalks OF
celery, put 1t on the fire with wat
err to cover, and boil 1t till soft,
then drain 1t and cream" it by
adding a little milk, butter. flour
and sesasdnings. Tapioca pudding
made with the minute tapioca-
which takes only about 90 min
utes
Friday Nights Dinner--Make
salmon loaf--recipe printed
Wednesday, Nov. 80. Double guam.
tity Of boiled potatoes (half for
tomorrow nights dinner). Oper
a can of corn, turn it into a bak-
! ing dish, and beaten egg and
seasonings, and bake 20 minute:
in a hot oven Gas long as you have
to light the gas oven for the sal
a mon loaf, you might as well bak,
other dishes) Pare. core and cuI
up 4 apples into buttered baking
, dish, adding an equal quantity o.
bread crumbs and / cup of brown
sugar; bake this Apple Betty" q
minutes, then serve hot with hare
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
These Prices 7 Tell
The Story

Ivory Starch, IL or. size .r.....5c
Argo Starch, IL OF. size. ...............7c
Potato Starch, Is or. size .10c
Swift's Wool Soap, large. .............1 Oc
Swift's Wool Soap, small. ...............5c
Britts Powdered Ammonia .......... Toe
Ranwater Crystals. ....8c
20 Mule Team Borax. ..................10 Toe
= Mrs Stewards Laundry Blue lie
Jiffy Laundry Blue, 10c size. ...........1c
Household Ammonia. ..................10 c
Alamo Lye. &c
Sanifush NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. zoe
Old Master Coffee, l lb................30c
Old Master Coffee, 2 lbs. .....,.....r... 6oc
Old Master Coffee, 3 lbs. .........r... soc
Maxwell House Coffee, l h.. .-..... 35c
Maxwell House Coffee, lbs. Toe
Maxwell House Coffee, lNs. $500
Jack Sprat Coffee, l lb................3 SOC
Puyallup Red Raspberries, No. 10 can. $1.25
Puyallup Blackberries, No. 10 can. 80. $1.00
Arlington Apples, No. 10 can. .......... soc
Old Monk Olive Oil, 12-pint tin. ........3 Bic
Old Monk Olive Oil, 1-pint tin. ........, SIC
Old Monk Olive Oil, 1-quart tin. $1.00
Old Monk Olive Oil, 4-oz. glass. 23c
Old Monk Olive Oil, 8-oz. glass. -. 49,. 40c
Old Monk Olive Oil, 1907. glass. -. ....7 3e
Armour's Veribest Veal Loaf. ...........1 Ice
Armour's Veribest Lunch Tongue, large. 40c
Armour's Veribest Lunch Tongue, small. Csc
Armour's Veribest Boned Chicken. $50. SOC
DR.. Prices Baking Powder, IL ozs.. zoe
Dr.. Prices Baking Powder, 21a lbs. -, SOC
DR.. Prices Baking Powder, 5 los...... $100
Calumet Baking Powder, 8 ozs. ......... .15c
Ryzon Baking Powder, 45c size. ........ SOC
S. L. C. Strawberry Preserves, Is ozs.. -. 40c
S. L. C. Raspberry Preserves, Is ozs.. ..-s .40c
S. l.. C. Blackberry Preserves, Is ozs.. -. .40c
Paul's Jams, all flavors. ............... .40c
Shilling's English Breakfast Tea, l h.. -. Soc
Shilling's English Breakfast Tea, " h.. :. 30c
Shilling's English Breakfast Tea, "a h.. Use
Shilling's Japan or Ooloing Tea, l h.. ...6oc
Shilling's Japan or Oolong Tea, "a lb.. - 0c
Shilling's Japan or Oolong Tea, N h.. ..15c
Coeman's Mustard, "A lb......r........25c
Coeman's Mustard, u b-..............50 soc
Coeman's Mustard, l h.. t-...........$1 LOO
Schepps Cocoanut, 1 h.. .45c
Schepps Cocoanut, u b.. ..,........:... 23c
Comet White Rice, lb.. Observation-Disclosures
Van Camps Soups, all kinds ............ Sc
Van Camps Pork and Beans. &c
Kuner's Pork and Beans. ...............10c
Armour's Pork and Beans. ..............10c
Heinz Tomato Soup, No. 1.....,........1 0c
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
Woman Daily Magazine Electricity In The Home

structed as an object lesson in the
use of electricity in the house, The
wiring of the house will be most
conveniently arranged, and In ad-
dition to model system OF Hum
ination, will contain every known
electrical appliance for saving labor
In the home. The construction OF
this home serves to call attention
to what the development OF the
electrical industry has meant to the
public. Much drudgery has been
removed from and comfort added
to the home through the use OF
electricity.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28

Under the auspices Of the Elec-
trical Cooperative league there Is
now being constructed in Denver
an electrical home. 1t Is being con-
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
Social Calendar
Monday.

Dinner of Business and Profess
sional Women's club at Y. NJ. c. A.
at 6:15 p. m.
Apollo club meeting and smoker
at .. m.
Dandy Dozen club will meet at
the home of the Misses Shaded at
8 p. m.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
efficient HOUSEKEEPING
By LAURA A. KIRKMAN.

sauce made by Dreaming butter
and brown sugar together and fla
voring it with vanilla extract.
Saturday Nights Dinner-Chops.
Cold boiled potatoes fried with
strips of raw onion. Stewed prunes
(soak overnight J efore stewing).
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28
SHE KNOWS AFTER 20 YEARS

SHE KNOWS AFTER 70 YTAKS
A cold. even when it has devel-
oped a hacking cough, difficult
breathing, sleepless nights. raw
throat and sore lungs-even then a
cold yields quickly to Foley's Hon.
ey and Tar. Mrs. Milton Waite
Box 80. Azalia. Mich. writes: u
have used Foleys Honey and Tai
for the past 20 years and find there
is no other cough or Group remedy
like it. You may use my name
1t gets right at the seat of trouble
Children like it. Sold everywhere
Journal Want Ads bring results.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-28

Lafayette has given Cornell u
great race for team scoring honors
on the gridiron this season.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-18

That fine manufactured Walking
Suits would ever be sold for a price
so low, but here they are, so wake
up and take advantage of this extra
special; be the proud posessor Of a
fine tricotine Manufactured suit in
navy blue, one that we assure you
sold in this store for $3.50. Re-
duced for this week to help make
your dreams come true. Choose
from braided, embroidered or Sc
verely tailored models. Sizes 16
to ID.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-18
Is Per Cent off
THE Stuff Thar Dreams Are Made Of

Must be the materials that are used in fashioning our exquisite I'M
derwear and negigees. Spun moon-beams overshot with star dust, and
edged with long clouds is about the only way we can descibe their
sheer daintiness and fascinating appeal. But not nearly so unat-
tainable, as they are so moderately priced.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
METHOD|s1s IN ROME
ASK HELP OF OR.
DER TO DEFEAT -NoN-CATHo-
Lie PROJECT.

An appeal to the Knights of Colum-
bus to save one of the seven hills of
Rome from American non-Catholic
missionaries was received from Prot
estants of Rome at the Recent Board
of Directors meeting. The Roman
Protestants' letter states that a build
ing project to erect a non-Catholic
seminary on Monte Mario, opposite
the Vatican in Rome, is under way.
Rome is not a village in Tunis or
Algeria to which civilization must be
brought" the message reads. "The
marvellous green hill of Monte Mario
is in scenic harmony with st. Peters,
and the art of Michael Angelo should
not be destroyed by those seeking to
uplift the Roman people, who did not
need extraneous uplifting financed by
American money"
Supreme knight James A. Flaherty
announced that the Order, with the CO.
operation of the Vatican, was seeking
a site in Rome for an American serv-
ice club, to be financed by X. of C.
private funds.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
HONOR FATHER TABB
PUBLIC SCHOOL Is TO BE NAMED
FOR POET PRIEST OF SOUTH.

One Of the new public schools of
Richmond, Va, may be named in mem
ory of Father John Bannister Tabb,
the poet-priest who, through years of
blindness, wrote verse that has i'm
mortalized him. Father Tabb was born
at "The Forest" near Richmond,
March %, 1845, and was descended
from the most distinguished families
of Virginia.
At the outbreak of the Civil War,
young Tabb enlisted in the Confed-
crate navy and served until taken cap
tive in June, 1864. He was confined in
the "bull pen" at Point Lookout and
there made the acquaintance of Sid,
ney Lanier, "the gentle singer of the
Southland" Due to his defective vi.
sion, John Bannister Tabb had to quit
his studies in his youth and for some
years devoted himself to music He
was teacher of music in St. PauPs
church, Baltimore, when he embraced
the Catholic faith in 1872. He was
ordained to the priesthood in 1884.
Richmond and all Virginia are proud
of Father Tabb and it is likely that
the proposal to give one of the new
schools his name will not meet with
successful opposition.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
DANTE IN Florence
NATIVE CITY OF POET PRO
CLAIMS HIS GLORY AND
FAITH.

An impressive feature of the Dante
anniversary took place recently, when
the Church paid special tribute to the
great Catholic poet in an inspiring
way.
On a recent Sunday, in the presence
of nearly all Florence, Italy, it might
be said, His Eminence the Cardinal
Archbishop crowned" the famous
author of the "Divina Commedia" as
the greatest of poets of all time, in
the ''Bel San Giovanni" where Dante
was baptized.
The commemoration may be re-
garded as an expression of the
Church's part in the observance of
the sixth centenary of the great Flor
entine's death. The panegyric was
pronounced by His Eminence, Cardi-
nal Mistrangelo. The great work of
Dante in the cause of Catholic doc
trine and practice has been widely
extolled in connection with the an
niversary.
Taking up Ell Paradise His Emf
nence pointed out, by quotations,
Dante's profound faith and piety and
the resignation with which he bore
his Punishment from Florence and
the things he loved until his death.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
IRISH BISHOPS ON PEACE

last October to the worldwide Hier-
but an inadequate representation of
the indignities and outrage to which
the country had been subjected. Since
then every horror has been intensified
and 1--WE are now threatened with even
darker doings because our country
men spurn, as they rightly do, the
sham settlement devised by the Brit
ish Government. In defiance of Ire
land special government has been
given to one section of her people, re-
markable at all times for intolerance,
without the slightest provision to safe
guard the victims of ever-recurring
cruelty"
This Parliament is, they add, set up
at time when the campaign of ex-
termination is in full blast and a pub
lie threat is uttered to leave the Cath
olic minority at the mercy of listers
special constables.
Conditions Necessary to Peace.
Regarding conditions of peace they
lay down that:
Until repression ceases and the
right of Ireland to choose her own
form of government is recognized
there is no prospect that peace will
reign amongst us, or that the recon
ciliation which His Holiness so ardent
ly desires will be accomplished"
They appeal for contributions for
the White Cross Fund, and finally they
thank the American people especially
for their inexhaustible benevolence.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
EUCHAR|ST|C CONGRESS
CLERGY AND PEOPLE OF ROME
HOLD GREAT GATHERING,

Recently the third Diocesan Euchar-
istic Congress has been held in Rome,
and in the most characteristic quarter
of Rome, the Trastevere. The meet
ings we're held in the church of San
Crisogono, under the presidency of
the Cardinal-Vicar, and were attended
by many bishops, prelates, clergy, and
many lay persons. The subjects treat
ed were important and interesting,
particularly that of "priestly voca-
tions," unfortunately very scarce in
Rome. The speaker, the pastor of IS.
Marcellino and Pietro, near the Lat
eran, appealed to the Congress to sup
port institutions and clubs for boys
and young men, with view to foster
ing vocations. On Sunday there was
a great procession, when the Blessed
Sacrament was carried through the
streets of Trastevere.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
w. c. 0. F. CONVENTION
STATE GATHERING HELD IN
MINNEAPOLIS LAST WEEk-14
DELEGATES CHOSEN TO w. c. o.
r. NATIONAL MEET.

Fourteen delegates were elected to
the national convention of the Wo.
mems Catholic Order of Foresters, to
be held in Omaha in August, at the
final session Of the state convention
Thursday night of last week, in the
West hotel. The group included Mrs
Rose D. Rittman, Miss Emeline Page,
Mrs. Sarah Boardman, Mrs. Mary
Devine, Mrs. Marie La Motto, Mrs.
Loretta Cunningham, Mrs. Mary Elem.
ing, Mrs. Theresa Graft, Mrs. Sophia
Weber, Mrs. Mary Geering, Mrs.
Amelia Fraser, Miss Antonia Kramnic
and Mrs. Anna Spriegl.
Addresses were made by Miss Mary
Downes, high chief ranger; Mrs. Mar.
garet Dietrich, high treasurer, and
Miss Anna Thielan, high secretary. all
of Chicago.
A class of 100 was initiated by Miss
Downes. Chief rangers of all Min.
neapolis courts OF the order took part
A drill team exhibition was put on by
members of the Notre Dame de
Lourdes court.
Tuesday evening, July 5, nearly
1000 guests attended the reception
given at the West hotel in honor OF
the $50 delegates from all pcrts of the
state in attendance at the convention
In the receiving line were: Miss
Mary Downes of Chicago, high chief
ranger of the w. c. o. F.; Mrs
Margaret Dietrich of Chicago, high
treasurer, and Miss Anna Thielan OF
Chicago, high secretary. Mrs Molly
Lacey sang during the evening
Mrs. Fannie Miller, Minnesota repre-.
sentative on the high board of the or
ganization, was in general charge OF
the arrangements and she acted as
presiding officer at the convention
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
THE PARENT COUNCIL
WESTERN KNIGHTS CELEBRATE
SILVER JUBILEE IN CHICAGO
MANY NEW COUNCILS FROM
CHICAGO MEET.

During the Democratic Convention
in Chicago in 1895, while William
Jennings Bryan was making his
famous "Cross of Gold'' speech that
resulted in his nomination for the
Presidency, a band of twenty-three
ardent Catholics met in hall a few
blocks away and organized Chicago
Council 1872, knights of Columbus, the
first council organized west of the
Allegheny Mountains. In the twenty
five years that have elapsed Chicago
Council with it's twenty-three members
has become the parent of sixty-seven
councils in Cook County with mem
bership of $4,000, and of 81 councils
outside the, county in Illinois with an
aggregate membership for the entire
state of close to seyenty-f1ve thousand.
Degree teams from Chicago Council
also carried the message of Knight.
hood into dozens of other western
states and furnished the initiative
which has resulted in the installation
of hundreds of councils with mem
bership running into the hundreds of
thousands.
To celebrate the silver jubilee of the
K. of G.. Order in the west, a vast
throng gathered July at the Hotel
Sherman and carried out program
that combined a tribute to the living
and memorial to the dead. Seven
teen of the twenty-three in the first
class of Chicago Council were present
to tell again the story of the historic
organization.
Prayers we're offered and words of
kindness said for the six members of
the class who had passed away.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
PRIVATE THOMAS ENR|GHT
SERVICES AT PIER FOR SOLDIER
KILLED IN 1917.

Funeral services for Private Thomas
F. Enright, one of the three American
soldiers who were the first to fall in
battle in the great war, we're held in
New York, on July 10. The bodies of
the three men: Enright, Corporal
James D. Gresham, and Private Marie
D. Hay, were brought back from
France recently. All three were killed
on November 8, 1917, when German
patrol raided the American trenches
Private Enright was porn May s,
1887, in St. Mary's parish, Pittsburg.
He was baptized. received his First
Communion, and was confirmed at st.
Mary's and attended the parochial
school there. He was serving his
third enlistment in the regular army
when he was killed, having previously
taken part in the Vera Cruz and the
Mexican Border expeditions.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
K. OF c. CONVENTION
OFFICIAL WELCOME PREPARED
FOR KNIGHTS IN SAN FRAN
CISCO,

The first week in August will be
San Francisco's gala week this year,
when more than $4,000 Knights of
Columbus from seven different coun-
tries will assemble for the 10Th annual
international convention of the K. of
G. Mayor James Rolph of San Fran
cisco has notified Supreme Secretary
William ]. Mckinley of the K. of G.
that the Golden Gate City board of
supervisors has unanimously voted to
officially welcome and entertain the
Knights in recognition of X. of C. war
and reconstruction achievements.
One of the principal features of the
program will be the first disabled
mems exhibit, showing the work being
done by the Knights of Columbus for
men in marine, military and govern
ment contract hospitals.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
MGR. LECH DEAD
PRELATE DIED LAST
MONTH IN LUXEMBOURG.

Mgr. Fred Lech, for 80 years rector
of the cathedral at Luxembourg City,
died June 13 in the ST. Elizabeth Hos
pital at Heusy, Belgium. Bishop Nom
mesch and over 100 priests Of the
grand duchy attended the funeral on
June Is.
Mgr. Lech was born at Schwiedel-
bruch, November Is, 1849, ordained in
1872, was professor of theology at
Potiers in 1880, then secretary to the
bishop of Luxembourg, and in 1883
became pastor of the cathedral of
Notre Dame. In 1913 he was forced to
resign on accoun. of poor health. He
took up his residence in the convent of
st. Elizabeth near the cathedral. In
1920 he was made a domestic prelate.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1921-07-16
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS
THREE DELEGATES FROM ST,
PAUL TO NATIONAL CON-
VENTION.

twenty-five Minnesota delegates
to the Knights of Columbus national
convention in San Fracisco will leave
st. Paul July %. The trip to the West
coast will be made through Winnipeg
and Vancouver to Seattle, where a
steamer will convey the party to San
Francisco. The convention will be in
session on August 2, 3, 4. There are
three delegates from st. Paul. DR.
Buckley, supreme physician, w. D.
Dwyer. supreme director, and w. D.
Jameson, new state deputy of Mime
sofa. Summer rates have been offered
by the various railroads.