davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-06-10

Mems corded madras shirts,
fine quality, assorted pat
tern, price LIS
Mems corded madras shirts,
extra fine selection, in fancy
striped patterns, price ESQ
Mems silk shirts, broken
sizes, in stripes Of assorted
colors ...............5.W
Mems percale shirts in
stripes, French cuffs, as
sorted patterns. price .1.@
Mems fine quality unionsuits
in white or ecru, short
sleeves, ankle length .l@
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-06-10
liz FOR ACHING,
sore, TIRED FEET.
4E#
~ liz" for Tender, Pulled. Up
Burning, Calloused Feet
and Germs.

People who are forced to stand
g their feet all day know what
eofe, tender, sweaty, burning feet
mean. They use "Tiz." and "Tiz"
cures their feet right up. 1t keeps
icee In perfect condition. "Tiz"
= TIE only remedy in the world
~ draws out all the poisonous
edAtions which pun up the feet
- cause tender. sore, tired, ach-
let 1t instantly stops the pain
corns. call0uses and bunions. It's
piy glorious. All! how comfort
seae your feet feel after using "Tiz."
+ sos1l never limp or draw up your
In pain. Your shoes won't
u!nten and hurt your feet.
- . box OF "Tiz" new from any
etgtst. Just think! q whole
sAfs foot comfort for only = few
a-(Advertisement)
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-06-10
Mems furnishing section

Mems nainsook mionsuits,
check pattern, all sizes, ath-
letic style, price ...... .e9c
Mems fine quality balbrig-
gan unionsuits, ankle length,
short seleves .......... $50
Sealpax unionsuits, athletic
style, sizes up to 46 price 1.29
Mems knit athletic union
suits, durable, made from a
good quality nainsook, full
tapped seams and back,
price ................l.5
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-06-10
Misses summer sport suits
especially selected for Saturday selling
1898 to 29.75

Ideal for and always in good style these sport suits
popular coors of brown TAM green and navy Made of
jersey mgnoe, Shantung and homespn. Pinch back in
verted and box pleats tuxedo and tailored notch collar
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
TN NATIONAL ooM1GANDXH oIv1S
"r1IENDxY CHAT WITH LEGION
BOYS OF WEST VnaINIA.
SPEAKS warmly on Subject OF Lsyisla-
tion-Lsgion Not Terror
iIing Congress.

John Il. Emery. national commander
ot the American Legion. was given a
rousins reception yesterday afternoon
when ne appeared in the Carroll Club
auditorium for brief address TO the
delegates assembled for the third an
nual department convention OF West
Virginia.
Major Emery was escorted 10 tho
stage ny Harry Miller. pos, commander
nf Wheeling Post No. |. He was intro
duced In n few brief words. by Depart
mert Commander J. Byron Nickerson.
and quickly launched into friendly
chat he called II. with tho boys Of
West Virginia.
I am proud 10 be here with your L.
r,on men Of West Virginia." he said In
opening Il would rather talk to Legion
men taan TO anybody else. bccaus" YOU
men are tho type Of fighting men who
can understand what I'm talking about.
rx16uts 70 oal6raith.
Major Emery then launched into an
account Of the activities OF Legion Ma
tional headquarters. paying a beautiful
tribute to tho life and accomplishments
of the late National Commander Fritz
Galbraith.
1T has hesn my lot" no said. TO take
up the, unfinished work OF our late be-
loved national commander. Fritz CAL
brai,h. When Fritz Talbraith died. the
disabled ex-serv!ce men NJ the United
States lost the best friends they had
He was a regular he man. true red
hlnodcd American fighter. and was Of
the type that could tell any other man
where to 70 II ne felt that he ought to
h" told that thing. We. who are living
must put our shoulders I" III" wheel
and carry on the good work in behalf
OF our dlxa bled bubbles that Fritz GAL
braith started.
Noe -errorizing couErsss.
Discussing briefly financial policies or
American Legion headquarters. Major
Emery. said that ny th" date of III" next
national r"nN "n,i"n. th' eNrSttn:; $2b".-
Onn debt of the national American I-e-
ginn wfl h- practically wiped out. The
American Legion Weekly. he said. has
been pu' on a sound basis. and n ma
tional headquarters "N,rN step has been
taken 70 reduce expenses TO minimum
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
.VOL|VA Demonstrates
HIS D|SBELF IN The
LAW OF GAVITAT|ON

Zion. Iis.. Sept. 2oNlth 4 book a
toy balloon. a brick q feather. W.
i. voiiva. overseer o2ion. las, night
demonstrated his disbef in, New,"l, !
theory that objects 4 because thcyN
are pulled by gravity tard the center
Of the earth.
There is no such tfs ~ the 'Er
Of ravitation. he "a How l. Z
that the law Ct Sravi,ion' can pull
up :, toy balloci and c;1ot pull up \
hrickhat" l th,ow this ok up. Why
as far as the ;crce behir IL forced u.
and II fell hec:use II wa.heavier thin
the air cut the stri .g,f A toy nal.
loon. It rises to a certa. height a'd
then It begins to settle. I take this
briekbat and 4 feathe-. blow the
down. The hlckbat goes b as far a.
the force foros II up thragh the ayr
and then II coes down Tat IL all.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30

government assistance temporarily by
red tape. regardless OF whether he was
hurt in service ur incurred Disability.
through no fault OF his. later
National Commander Cheered.
In the midst Of yesterdays session
Major John G.. Emery. national COM
mander Of tho American Legion. was
escorted 70 III" platform by Harry
Miller. post commander Of Wheeling
most No. I. National Commander Emery
was given a rnuSinG ovation. and thor
uughly delighted the West Virginia l.e-
Sionalres with a brief heart I" heart
chat" he termed IL. on national ana
state conditions He was roundly ap-
plaudet many times. and given rous-
INK farewell as he left the hall I" take
his departure from Wheeling.
Department Reports.
With the addresses concluded. Depart
ment Commander J. Byron Nick"rS"n
submitted a lengthy report Of the de-
partments activity for the year. This
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
BOONE c.. PROBE OF
MINERS MARCH OPENS

Madison. W. a. Sept. 29.-Four hum
dred witnesses rom all parts o. Boone
county were hei today 10 appear before
a SPECIAL Srandury called for the rur-
nose NJ :vestiging the recent march
Of armed mon rough the county into
Logan comfy
W. = Mullen prosecuting attorney.
presented the sc to the jury. II
was expected ii investigation would
~ completed wish a week. The wit
resses did not clude, II vas stated.
any Of the men mo took paft In The
march A. Their vas no fighting n
Boone county. DEMONSTRATION. |, waI
indicated would e confined to SIC
questions as the Vrying OF arms lille
Eally and ether 0damsaaoEA
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
"SERVICE" IS KEYNOTE OF lECI0NS STATE CONVENTION

was followed by reports OF Department.
Adiuxtant bernard T.. Kaiser and w.
partm.nt Finance Officer +. r. Temple
ton.
Short Parade.
At Ais O'Clock ~" convention was ao-
jonrned for the cay and parade was
formed Immediately. Led by SummerS
hand. with tho Col"rS md post c"lors
nf Wheeling and lark"rshurC posts al
the head. the parade c"'"r"d Short
rou,. through the business sectlo" "'
the city. Rluefcld's delegation was
very much in evidence in The proc *S'on'
advertising Bluefiold az tn" next con-
ycntiou city. The parade diShand"d AZ
the Carroll club and -" I."Si"naireS
posed for picture ruk,u - Mr. Knee
Of tho rho'ucrafters. The guests 'nen
h-L the curly evening to enjoy M th"E
liked until = o'Ci0rk. wh"u 4. : I"fh'ren
a, Convention hall in the MARKET au"'-
tnrium for the grand BALL
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
EMERY SPEAKS INFORMALLY;
GETS ROUS|NG RECEPTION

compatible with the dignity OF the or
ganixation.
The auxiliarics." said Mr.. Emery.
Arc coming along fine. We must en-
courage the auxilIaries. for they will h"
our strongest ally" The national com
mander reviewed the accomplishments
Of tho service bureau, and the decon-
tralization Of government welfare de-
pa rtments. 80 that they now carry relief
out 10 disabled service men through
fourteen district agencies.
Coming to the subject ~ legislat ton,
Major Emery waxed warn. II read In
the Wall Street Journal I don't take
the paper. they just send ii to me-tha'
Congress Is being terrortZed by two
agencies, the American Legion and the
Anti-Saloon League. Legislation, like
politics. finds strang bod fellows On
behalf Of the American Legion. ! thank
the Wall street journal f"r The rompli-
mont, but We are not t"rr"rtzing con-
Eress.
But listen to this: | do hope that the
American Legion will continue % main
tain strong. dicnified pressure upon
congress"
Adjust Compensation
Referring To passage of the Sweet hill
and tho action NJ congress on reaGjuSt-
ed compensation. Major Emery said:
Congress was never So hunharded
as when the President asked for the re-
commitment ~ the bill believed that
q the President intended 10 XIII the meas
ure. bur IN view Of the terrific lombard
men, from the American Legion. We
have been told that rcadtusted c"rrren-
sation Is only delayed.
When | como To West Virginia. ]
thank God that I'm standing hcf"-. men
Of state whose senator's. in faot ri m"
Presidents request. had the plain outs
to vot" as their own ronsCieu''" de-
tated"
Major Emery urged that WeS' Wv
Einia send big delegation I" attend
the national convention a. Kansas Eity.
announcing that the western city H. pro
pa ring to put on n rip sn"r'inr" 'nt"r-
tainm"nt for tho l.cE!onsr"s.
Pine W. Va. Cooperation.
Turning 20 the nationai aljutLnt's
report for september |. Major I.m"ry
cnmplimented the West Virgin'a Il. "art-
mrnt upon its growth IN membership.
and the splendid 20 operation "' the Dc"
partm"n' with national headquarters.
West Nirginia's co-upcritiun has
been fine" h- said. 'Hnd cu.";"ra'i"n
means loyalty. and loyalty We must
have.
Il THANK you men of West v.rginit
for yQvr cooperation
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
Committees Appointed.

Tive next order Of business was tho
49,. ,,insnt ~: Convention committees.
I cl.rtment .NdIu,ant Bernard f. Kaiser
re-! N. following selections:
Committee on Order OF Business.
; Mc,;jnl"y. r"~c NJ. /. Wheeling.
rr:nk J. l:lrron. Post -. st Marys.
,.l..rr MrIr"uglc Post -. rarkers-
BIZ.
e h..up Post -. We.ishurg.
= l. r.,IiSon. POST 5. WEIGH.
y. Inner I'arEhu~n. Eos, us. Raven
,.,rS.i~ M.p"u:,'' Post -. tttrmont.
Rssc attons.
William NIlkIu. Post !. NellShurR.
,'h.r'.. {. Robinson. Post =. Morgan.
tow.
..r"rre W. Wilson. Post %. Elkins.
''hdr?es 4. Watkins Post 3. Mounds.
Will.
N.tlNan Ncrr"". Post ~ TT Pleasant.
Sr,l.r rIirh< rns' :. E!uenelI.
Credentials.
Harry Miller. Post !. Nhe"lrs.
H. r Slack Post 20. 'harle>t"u.
K ". Ashcraft Post 30. Warrington
e. J. Straight. !'"st ~. Fairmont.
Or. {. D. Villa mSon. Post ). Mounts.
Vile.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
SOUTH SIDE
REV. P. 0'BRIEN
WILL PREACH At
ST. PAULS SUNDAY

Re, r. OHr:rn. Of the Moody Bible
Institute, of Chicago, and who sermons
have attracted the attention 81 many
people here while he has heen preaching
a. the Union Mission. will nil III" pull
nit nf 81. Paul'S EVanGelical church
SUNDAY morning and evening. The Rev.
O'Brien's appearance here was brought
lhout through the absence of Rev. y. g.
Rasche. regular pastor Of tho church
who Is now out of the city attending
The eep{ersace Of Evangelical churches
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30

James S. Lakin, member Of thet3oard
Of, Control, spent several hours the
city yesterday en- route to Charleston
from Aorrantown, where he spei sew
oral DAYS in connection with affSs at
the university.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
Prominent Visitors
At Big Convention

pioneer Legion boosters in West Viz
gtnia. and takes much pride In the nns
showing II made during the past year.
He has but recently returned from
France as one Of the members ef the
Legion delegation which visited that
country recently.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30

George II. Ford. state superint sndent
Of schools. Is In Wheeling attending the
sessions Of the American Legion conven-
ton. Captain Ford Is a well-known
legionaire and Is always prominent
figure in It's gatherings. His name has
been mentioned as q possible candidate
for state commander.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30

DR.. ]. N. Deahl. head Of the tpart-
ment Of education at the safe uiver-
sity, is in Wheeling for several dys In
the interests OF the university.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30

Hon. Gene Arnold. Of Elkins. = in
Wheeling attending the American Lg!on
convention. Mr.. Arnold Ia one the
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-09-30
N1CKAHSoN 81 AMES CORPo1A-
FIOHS TO1 DEFEAT OF W. VA
A"RICAMISM LAWS.
Lengthy Report to Convention Details
PROFESS ana Activity IN State.

Establishment Of permanent depart
ment headquarters for the American
Legion in West Virginia. as means
Of increa slng the efficiency "f the or
ganization and eliminating III" expense
Of costly moves. Is recommended IN the
annual report OF Department Comnan-
der j. Byron Nickcrson. submitted TO
the legion convention here yesterday.
In reviewing the aims and accom-
plishments Of the West virginia ne
lartmcnt for the year. Department COM
mander NickerSon hlamcs the big cor
porations OF the state for the dcfeat
In the legislature last winter of the
Americanism program sponsored by the
legion.
Because the huge corporations or
West Virginia had filled our state api-
toll with their agents" said Mr.. Nickcr-
son. and because these men a'e contin-
ually bounding the members of the leg
islature. our hills TO promote American
Ism In tho Mountain state were cast
aside"
Mr.. Nickcrson In his report. viewed
the work Of the department for the past
year. told ~ the progress made. the ef-
forts expended. tho defeats suffered and
the hopes deferred. He made n number
Of Recommendations for the considera-
ton Of the convention. and mapped out
partially what the work " the future
should be.
His report in full. follows:
Gentlemen Of tho Convention
When you selected me As your Depart
mont Commander last year. wondered
just what kind ~ report It would be
possible for me to make when We again
assembled In convention. I must con-
fess, | had many miSgivinga. The In
dustrial condition throughout the coun-
try was not reassuring. and II became
worse as time went on. Nevertheless.
due to the splendid efforts put forth ny
some Of the Posts. We have already en-
rolled nearly ninety FOR cent ~ last
years entire membership, and. We still
have three months remaining Of the
present year From present Indications
nv tho end Of this year. our membership
viii have reached twelve thousand.
AuxliarisS
We have now twenty-seyen (20 active
Auxiliary units In this Department. With
q membership Of approximately one
thousand. II Is my purpose to call
meeting of tho AuxIliar!es before the
year Is out. and have them form state
organization.
To the representatives hero Of those
Posts that have not "a yet formed Aux
iliaries. I want to impress upon YOU the
fac, that your failure in this regard Is
retarding the growth ~ your organtza-
tion. To my mind. no single factor
makes for the success OF Legion Post
quite so much as an active Auxiliary
unit. We have done well with our cam
pa Ign thi. year 10 organize AuN'liaries,
but I will re a lot hapnler II We have
Nifty units instead ot twrnty-s"v"" t@0
by the time I retire az department COM
mander.
Some Of our posts have preferred 70
, 1921-12-05
REPLACEMENT PLANTS
RUSHED BY

CHICAGO. Dec. 5.-tBy The As
ISOLATED Press-Plans for immediate
replacement of union packing house
employees who obey the strike order to-
day. were being carried out at the 10
packing centers in the middlcwest al
fected by the 'walkout
The first report officially given out
by the packing plants sitter working
hours this morning came from Morris
& Company. which reported that their
plan was killing 100 per cent The
Morris plant employees about 1900
men and all gangs were said to have
reported for work.
The big five" PAGERS declared the
organized workers represented less
than Ave per cent OF the total number
OF employees while union leaders in,
sisted they had gained the support OF
more than half the workers.
The strike was voted by the Anal
gamated Meat Cuttnrs and Butcher
workmen Of North America two weeks
ago, after a wage reduction of approx
CONTINUED on Page 81
, 1921-12-05

ncit OF szls50s. 666 in the operation of
h postal service.
h total represents a decreass Of
t4ez.167.6ss from the 1885,. . .ass -.
.umatsd expenditures for the current
nscai year and $2,p32. 2s5, sea from the
actual expenditures In the fiscal wear
1871 It Is. however. s~1e7,57fs77 In
excess OF the estimated receipts of
ss'sss.ls2 $50. while the outeo for tho
current fiscal year exceeds the astI.
mated receipts of s3.94s.s $50, sea by
Referring 10 the apparent deficit
for 1923. President Harding wrote 10
congress that ways are providcd Tor
the relatively easy adjustment with
out added taxation" Of the d!screp.
ancy between the income and outRo.
As one mean he recommended leets.
lation directing the reduction of the
a~ccumulative ava supply account by
500. 1000. 1000
Actual appropriations asked Of
congress for the various departments
and agencies for 1928 total $~3.224,s75.-
5a2. exclusive Of postoffice department.
h represents a reduction Of e12z.-
SOC $40 from the original estimate as
presented to the budget bureau, Il IL
stated, but Is approximately s27. ooo,-
900 more than the appropriations for
this fiscal year.
Explaining the $3.50. 4 ,l3l excess
Of estimated expenditures in 1925 over
h approximations asked for, budget
bureau officials explain that some of
tho funds actually to be put out will
be carried over In continuing appro-
priations and by other means. They
say that appropriations for a given
year do not accurately reflect actual
expenses for that year. pointing out
that while the appropriations for this
fiscal year were ss.1s7. so7. 1852, the esti.
mated actual outgo will exceed this
sum by approximately $40. 600. 900,
OF the total estimated expenditures
for 1923, approximately 81, 900, 0o0, 900
Is to pay for past var and to keep
up the fighting arms of the govern
mont. leaving only about $500. o00. 900
for the peace-time pursuits of the fed
eral establishment. The estimate for
tho army and navy is 1901 .s3s.1 o7. q
reduction of $50. sos .2es as compored
with this fiscal ear and ee56,252, IA
as compared with the fiscal year 1921.
The navy estimate Of $431. 754, 900, it
is explained. does not take into account
any possible reductions that might be
brought about Is a result of the arms
conference, the total including funds
for continuing work on the ships OF
h 1916 program. most of which
would be scraped under the proposal
made to the conference by the Ameri
can government.
The largest single item in the bud
get is the fund for the interest on the
public debt. the, $s75. 900 900 provided
Continued on Page ~
, 1921-12-05
CRISIS HOLDS
Il ATTENTION.

LONDON, Dec. Shy The Asso
ciated Press).-The crisis In this Irish
peace negotiations held the exclusive
attention of official circles today. Pro
mier Lloyd George obtained an audi
ence with King George and explained
tho situation to his after which the
British peace representatives held q
conference. This was followed by a
meeting of the entire cabinet.
The Irish delegation yesterday In
formed Premier Lloyd George that the
governments latest proposals were I'M
acceptable to the Dali Eireann cabi-
net.
The time limit set by James Craig.
Ulster premier. for the submission OF
& further plan by Mr.. Lloyd George
e.pires tomorrow. 81 James is to adj
dess tho Ulster parliament tomorrow
and should no new terms be forth
coming. he was expected to
the peace negotiations at an and.
The British position would be
thrown back to the stand taken by Mr..
Lloyd George before the negotiations
opened more than five months ago
that British law must be maintained
in Ireland. even through the use Of
military. How far the present truce
would endure under such conditions is
conjecturai. Thus far there has been
no agreement for extension of the
truce.
The truce still remained in effect
and nj immediate resumption OF hos
~tilities is looked for.
The Sin Fein delegates visited
Downing street at . o'clock this after
noon. II is understood they conferred
with tho government representatives
concerning the question of continuing
The truce.
, 1921-12-05
CONGRESS In
SESSION AGAIN

WASHINGTON. Dec. 5.-The sixty
seventh congress convened at moor to-
day for Its first regular session.
Ten days only had elapsed since
the adjournment OF the extra session
and It generally was predicted that
the session converting today would
not end until well into mex summer.
The program for today was ex-
pected to be very brief, n was to
include adoption OF a resolution pro-
viding for a point session to hear the
executive message tomrrow.
The first national budget bill be
sent to congress by President Hard
ing today.
, 1921-12-05
ENTENTE
PLAN Being ARGUED

be worked out satisfactorily Japan
would not insist upon her request for
n 10 per cent ratio OF capital ships
as against he go per cent suggested
in the American proposals.
The inclusion of France in the pre-
iiminary negotiations for the entente
has attracted special interest. 1t has
not been disclosed whether the terms
of tbs proposed agreement would be
OF a nature TO satisfy France with
reference TO her situation in Europe.
or whether h entente would merely
be a regional accord Affecting the Far
East.
1t is understood that the draft OF
the entente has been prepared with
special reference to the United States
constitutional system under which
Continued On Page y
, 1921-12-05
CHAOS REIGKs
IN VENEZUELA

wILLEMsTAD. B. W. L. Dec. A.
Chaotic conditions in Venezuela as q
result OF the serious illness OF Gen.
Juan Vicente Gomez, who for many
years has been hat country's virtual
dictator. were reported in dispatches
reaching here today. Fears that an
archism was likely to result in the
event of his death were expressed in
the dispatches.
1t was said General Gomez had
reached Puerto Cabella, a Venezuelan
seashore resort. where It was decided
TO tako him = few days ago.
, 1921-12-05

On the governments side. Il was in
dicated. h argument Will be that h
refusal OF the Sim Fein TO accept al
lesicncs to the king made ar agree
mcnt impossible. since that condition
was insisted upon by the British and
was in addition. an essential preiimi-
nary to securing any assent from u
ster.
The Sim Fcin. II Is declared, re-
fused even n condition promise OF al
iesiance contingent upon a settlement.
the most It offered being ito recog-
nize tho king as head of the
wealth Of free nations.
The latest examination OF the rov-
ernment's latest terms satisfied the
Sim Fem delegates and the Dali Err
cam cabinet. Il Is asserted. but they
contained no advice on tho terms %
Prime Minister Lloyd Georges origin
al letter. which WINS formally rejected
In July by Eamonn De Valera 81 his
rreech to the Dali parliament. Two
months OF negotiations with Downlng
street a not got tho Irish nry fur-
tt.r. # was argued. and according 70
wcli-ir.ormed quarters some Of tho
delegates were opposed even to thu
consideration of tho now proposals by
the Dali cabinet last Saturday.
After a short discussion in which
all the cabinet members rejected the
governments proposals. Mr.. De Va.
lera turned TO the delegates and said.
These are your instructions: they
are the Instructions OF the people OF
ireland" 4
-rho true, continues 10 ,xfss un,n
notice OF its termination Is formally
given. and both the government and
the Sim Fein say they have no in
tention Of giving that notice. Never
theless both sides feel. It is declared.
that the course of vents viii be bound
to involve a renewal OF hostilities.