davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Mussel or Muscleo
a Lexicographer's Notes on the Spell
ing of the Lowly Biyalye


To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Who named Muscle Shoals aad
when were they named? On these facts
the spelling depends.
The United States board on gto-
graphic names adopted the spelling
Muscle" some years ago, and inasmueh
as this was the original spelling OF
the word that we have corrupted to
"Mussep' the members of the board
do not seem to have wandered so lar
from the paths OF rectitude as TO te-
serve the sweeping condemnation "tlis
perversion probably had its origin IT.
somebody's ignorance of the proIer
spelling OF 'Mussel,'" in your editor al
on the "Perversion of Names" to-dny.
Tracing the spelling from Shale4
speare's time, have found that Randls
Cotgrave, in his "Dictionarie, printed
IN 1911, gives: Muscle, m. The great
sea muskle, or horse muskle." Joan
Minshieu, on page 321 of his "Guids to
the Tongues" dated 1617, prIntss
Muscle, little fish so-called. Tsu-
tonlck Muschel, Belgic Mosschel."
Stephen Skinner (1671). John Kersey
tl708), ,Franciscus Junius (l743), Char ss
Marriott (17So), Thomson (1S26)-sll
give muscle" as the correct spelling.
Going further back, one finds tha
following forms in Anglo Saxon: Muk
eel, muscelle, mus(c)le, muscule,
music, and, according to Sweet, asc
nuke, but no mussal.
In the days Of Franciscus Junius the
Oxford University spelling was muscles
and he defined the word as "Musc III
marini, A. S. Muscule." DR.. Char ss
Marriott in his New Royal English
Dictionary (1780), tells us under
Muscle" that sin natural history
a muscle is fish with two shells
of dirty blush color; the manner IN
which they move, seek for proper nir-
ture, and moor themselves by means
of their trunk or tongue is 80 aston
ishing that we cannot help discovering
the signet OF infinite wisdom impressed
upon this animal. though it appears to
be the most helpless in the creation
The mussel may have obtained Is
name from its supposed resemblar ce
to mouse (see Ernest Weekle2s
chronological Dictionary of Modern
English" 1921 col. 966: "Mussal'
Anglo-Saxon, muscle. Late Latin, mus
cula for musculus, little mouse, NIT
ele"), or from the byssi, or silky, mss
clelike threads, with which it attaches
itself to rocks or other objects.
1t is not generally known that TO
strengthen the breakwater at CheE-
bourg the French planted tons of mus
sells that served to bind the locss
stones forming the breakwater, mix
ing it more secure.
FRANK e. yIZETELLY
New York, Nov. /, 1921.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Elect Judge Andrews

Voters in this city should not for
get that Judge Of the Court of Ap-
peals is to be elected next Tuesday.
Judge William S. Andrews, serving
on the Appeals bench by designation,
is the Republican candidate. He has
a long and honorable judicial record,
having been elected justice Of the
Supreme Court for the Fifth Judi
cial District for the fourteen-year
term beginning January /, 1900, and
reelected in 1914 for the term end
ing January /, 1928. He was des-
ignated as an additional member of
the Court Of Appeals on January
"a, 1917.
Judge Andrews has experience,
learning and courage of a high Or
der. He wrote the opinion declaring
the state soldiers bonus law uncon-
stitutional. For that reason there
was some opposition to his nomina-
tion for the judgeship by the Repub-
icen State Convention at Saratoga.
But this opposition was soon dissi-
pated. The fact that Judge An
drews interpreted the law as he
understood it, without regard to the
effect Of his conclusions on indi-
viduals or groups, was seen to be a
potent argument in favor of his cam
didacy. He put duty and conviction
above any possible personal or parti-
san considerations. That is the sort
of judge the state needs. Even those
who were disappointed by the annul-
ment of the law could not well main
tain that a judge should be penalized
because, obeying his oath, he made a
decision upsetting a statute which
should have been drawn with greater
clearness and caution.
Judge Andrews is candidate of
exceptional attainments. He ought
to be retained on the bench of the
highest state court, where he has
greatly distinguished himself, by a
decisive majority.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
per cent, or $10o, ,662,57S.41. Instead
Of keeping his pledge to conduct "a

per CenC, OF luv,ooE,of5.4l. lnSLeau
Of keeping his pledge to conduct "a
sane, economical, common-sense busi-
ness administration" the cost OF
four years of Hylanism has been ST.
FL, 100000, or as per cent more
than the cost under his predecessor.
And now, as four years ago, he
promises again:
~ shall prevent the grasping trac-
tion corporations from gouging the
travelling public Of additional mil
lions through Increased fares"
What is such promise worth in
view Of what he has permitted to
come to pass during his term of Of
fice7 The city's streetcar fare was
five cents in 1917, when Hearst and
Tammany elected him. 1t now ranges
from seven cents to as much as
twenty. DO you get transfers now
or do you pay another fare? A five
cent fare is not an issue of this cleo
tion, but the restoration Of five
cent fare is. And that's what Henry
H. Curran stands for.
Four years ago Hylan promised,
as he promises to-day, an extension
of the subway and traction system.
So says Major Curran:
"What subway system has Hylan
ever made any pretense of extend
ing? This idea occurs to him only
as election draws near. Instead Of cx-
tending the subway system, Hearst's
Man-Friday has blocked any increase
in our rapid transit. He has refused
to finish even the uncompletcd con-
tracts for subway construction. We
have no trains running in the Four
teenth Street tunnel to-day because
Hylan won't release the money to
buy the ties.
"While have fought in the open
for a fve-cent fare and always will,
Hylan's one constructive effort in
this field was his secret dicker with
Shonts of the Interborough to stick
us with a seven-cent fare. To &C
complish this Hearst got his tool Hy-
Ian to call in, as an expert, McFar-
land, who runs Boston for Hearst,
the man who sold the people of that
city Hearst transit goldbrick plan
under which they pay ten cents in
stead of FIVE cents"
Hylan's word is a broken word
What is it worth to you as voter?
About as much, isn't it, as the coun-
terfeit nickel about which Hearst
makes him talk parrotwise?
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Senate Must Act

Let the Senate committee ap-
pointed to investigate Senator
Thomas Watson's incredible charges
that officers murdered men in the
American Expeditionary Forces for
insolence and that others were
hanged without trial lose no time
in affording the gentleman from
Georgia the fullest opportunity to
prove his allegations.
Mr.. Watson, from all accounts,
spoke with the greatest deliberation.
No member of the United States
Senate could possibly think Of saying
what he did on the floor Tuesday last
without being fortified by evidence
of the most convincing character.
No man could possibly be betrayed
into such a serious statement as that
1.-The officers made courtesans of too
many of the nurses, not all Of them,
but too many Of them" without hav-
ing an overpowering justification to
sustain his conscience.
When the Georgia Senator says
that he can produce witnesses of the
muroers by officers, and the unlawful
hangings, which were no less than
legal murders, 'were it safe for them
TO appear" it is hard to follow him.
The power is resident in the Senate
70 protect any witness it may sum-
mon and to insure a witnesses pro-
ssction by every other branch of gov
arnment if it be necessary. The Sen
ate should assure Mr.. Watson of this
power and then command him to
summon his witnesses forthwith.
Senator Watson's charges have ar
rested the attention of the country,
including the surviving members of
Of the A. f. f. They are disquieting
70 the relatives and friends of so
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
His Word

Swiftly approaches the day of de-
cision. Only five days now stand be-
tween New York and freedom from
the mlsrule, ignorance, ineptitude
and corruption of the Hylan gang.
the exploitation of Tammany Hall
and its Murphys and the manipula-
tions of Hearst And freedom de-
pends o. the simple test Of the quail
fled voters CT this great city being
able to discern the difference be-
tween the manikin, Hylan, and the
man, Curran.
In view of the record it is incon-
ceivable that any group of voters
who think for themselves and who
put the welfare of the city and
civic decency above and beyond all
partisan prejudices, will fail to de-
eide for Curran, who has never bro
ken a public pledge, and against
Hylan, who, during the last four
years, has done little else.
Still, as if there were no record.
Hylan, even as he did in 1917, goes
on promising anything and every
thing that desperate Tanmany and
q cunning Hearst imagine will catch
an unthinking vote.
Believe in me-" he cries. "Give
me another chance anS I'll undo the
mistakes | have made. have failed
only out of the honest impulses of
my heart"
Can his word be taken? What is
it worth?
Hylan in 1917 promised to reduce
taxes, and under his system of ad-
ministration they have jumped 65
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Dust-Laden High Schools

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Owing to the double sessions
now being held in most high schools,
a condition exists which is highly
menacing to the health of both pupils
and teachers. The sweeping of vacant
rooms and of corridors has to be
done while recitations are going on
in adjacent rooms. This goes on in
some schools for period of from two
to three hours. during which time
pupils are compelled between classes to
pass through corridors where the air
is filled with dust. Moreover, the
rooms in which they recite are like
wise filled with it during the passing
OF classes, and at the close Of the ses-
sion it is possible to write your name
plainly in the dust gathered op the ton
of the desks in the rooms whess pupils
are reciting.
In one school where this had been
going on ] personally know of one
teacher who has contracted tuberculosis
and another a severe case of bronchial
trouble. To what extent the colds and
distempers of pupils are caused by this
condition there is no way of estirnat-
ing. WITNESS.
New York. Nov. /, 1921.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
The Coming 7'o,oer
"Your Children and Mine"

Mr.. and Mrs Brown were calling
the porch.
Jones had just laid aside his paper
And the men fell to discussing many
things:
The Volstcad act, Of course,
Local election news,
And by-und by disarmament;
And Jones, who makes speciality Of
bitter-ending,
OF Geneva's ghost;
And, following the lead of other better
minds,
Declared that there would never be an
end Of war.
Disarmament? o, we'll,
1t does no harm to wave the olive
branch,
1t soothes the public mind.
Jones's wife looked out across the lawn,
Where in a vacant Tot
The boys were playing ball.
"How those boys grow" she said,
And Mrs. Brown said, looking back at
her,
rs year or two and they'll be men,"
Jones laughed
"These women. Brown" he said,
"They're all alike.
Try as you may to interest them in
things political,
Try as they may to stimulate such in
terest.
Sooner or later they will get the con-
versation round
To your children and MINE"
And Mrs. Brown looked out across the
lawn,
And Mrs. Jones's gaze followed hers;
But what they saw there no one knows,
For both Of them were silent.
For little while.
EDITH B. ALLEN.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03

Still speaking OF American university
English, we wonder whether Princeton
men feel as sad about the Navy and
Chicago games as about the following
letter, written on Daily Princetonian
stationery, to an advertising manager
of large concern:
ave would like to make you a ad-
vertising Proposition as regards to
advertising in our paper. The rates are
very low and the circulation is very
high. This paper also offers the best
medium of bringing the notice of your
goods before the eyes Of the student.
The enrolment is over 1000 so this
University wuold offer alarge field for
the introduction of your wares
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
The Socialist Aldermen

1t having been duly established ON
a recount that Algernon Lee and Ed
ward F. Cassidy, Socialists, were
elected to the Board of Aldermen
they are to be given their seats.
Under the circumstances no other
action is possible. There is nothing
in the law which made the two con-
testants ineligible, and this is a gov
ernment of law, not one which has
respect to persons. 1t may be alb
surd in a democracy for law max
ing body to accept into it's member
ship those who make no secret of
their desire to overthrow the law by
force. But our statutes do not pro-
hibit this absurdity and until they
do the rules as laid down must be
followed.
The opinion grows stronger that
1T is time to correct the anomaly
that men are eligible to Office who
are declared enemies of the common
wealth. 1t would seem self-evident
that such should be excluded, not as
Socialists or as advocates of change
(for to advocate change even of the
most sweeping character is permissi-
ble), but as men disloyal to the fun
damental principle of republics, that
change can come only in an orderly
manner and in accord with the de-
clared will of the majority duly
ascertained and registered.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03

driven away God with the Luther of hate
and negation which was your God. You
are mere nulIity."
The princess at present is having the
law on Belgium IN an endeavor to get
back some of her father, King Leopold s,
share in the Congo. That portion of her
affairs, and the details of her unhappy
matrimony with Prince Philip of Sake
Coburg; her liaison with Count Geza
Mattachich; his imprisonment in an era-
bezzler's cell and hers in a madhouse:
her extravagances, her temptations, re-
reported by the foreign correspondents
Of The Associated Press. One of the
dispatches concerning her some years
ago criticized her a littla for having
bought $4,000 worth of corsets and
brassieres one afternoon in the shops of
the Rue de Rivoli, 114 earrings and 500
pairs OF boots. So the princess is en-
titled to justify that expenditure. II
pity" she says, ''my family's exaggera-
ton Of my disregard for that ancient
idoi-riches; ] maintain that it was my
duty, being rich, to circulate money and
to assist trade" The history is dedi-
Gated to the princess's male parent, that
hoary satyr Leopold II. in these words:
'To the Great Man, to the Great King,
Who Was My Father"
X X
Mrs. Madeleine q. Griffin writes to
inquire why Samuel Hopkins Adams
refers to the author of "Scaramouche"
as "young Mr.. Sabatini." WAS he
uot," she asks, writing history of
the Borgias and other books in the
'70s?" Mr.. Sabatini, of course, is q
bit ancient, having been born in 1875;
but his work upon the Borg,es was
composed in 1912.
x * X
Speaking of novels that make a
flying start" suggests II. B., of
Brooklyn, show about 'Tristram
Shandy'?" There, indeed, is q not
able item for Mr Adams's anth ology
of springboard beginnings. Three
hundred and eighty-four words, half
column in The Tribune, before period
marks its termination
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
The Peoples Wealth

The Bureau of Economic Research
estimates that the total national in
come, about thirty-four billions in
1918, rose to sixty-one billions in
1913. Here was a nominal increase
Of " per cent in five years. Stated
in another form, the income average
grew from 1854 to $3.50, or IS per
cent.
But forthwith the bureau properly
adnonishes the public to interpret
these figures in the light of the de-
cline in the dollars purchasing
power. Thus interpreted, the income
average Of 1918 was not 1856, but
only $372--an increase Of not 65 per
cent but about per cent.
Some other figures concerning the
aggregate national wealth seem per.
cinent- For sixty years there was a
Fairly uniform increase-from $307 a
head in 1850 to 81 1855 in 1912. Then
IN six years came a great leap to
somewhere between $500 and $4,-
900. But if the last sum is corrected,
as it should be, by allowing for the
dollars change, then S2,150 is prob
ably nearer the country's present per
capita wealth.
Not in any kill-joy or crape-hang-
ing spirit is this correction put for
ward, but merely as a warning
against exaggerated wealth esti-
mates. The war period, by its dislo-
cations, lessened the normal increase
IN wealth production. Since, because
large numbers have thought they
could deny economic law, there has
been further lessening. Men have
been foolish enough to believe they
could get more by producing less; by
discouraging men of enterprise from
venturing and by making social CO.
operation, which is never easy to get,
more difficult through stimulating
distrust and class prejudice. Heavy,
most l. eavy, is the cost of the un-
baked ladicalism which has -four
shed in various forms since Armis-
tice Day. If the Saul of War slew
his thousands, then the false David
Of the time since has slain his tens
of thousands.
This country, when labor and cap
Gtal work together amicably, each
fairly doing it's best, is capable of
adding approximately so per cent
per decade to its actual wealth. The
people get the benefit in higher
standard of living. But recently,
while not actually going backward in
wealth production, there is not the
normal increase. When former har-
nonious relations are re-established
living standards will again go up
ward, but scarcely before. AS long
AZ labor slacks on it's job or capital
is scared rabbit, how can general
dissatisfaction be avoided?
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03

has been penetrated. In the main
the woman of the Orient thinks as
do her sisters Of the Occident---is
responsive when she has a chance
to the same fundamental impulses
and feelings that control our young
women, whose free manners and
movements and desire to be rid of
encompassing clothes are the de-
spair Of elder America.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Keep to the Right

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: In regard to the letter Keep
to the Right" by l. C. Tracey, wisn
to say that the main cause of all the
confusion in New York City Is due 70
the fact that most foreign countries
have rule. keep to the left Oar
immigrants have net as yet acquired
the American habit as to the right oi
way. A. ]. T.
New York, Oct. 81, 1921.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Rusticasi,ag Sims

That the name Of Admiral Sims
does not appear as a member OF the
advisory committee Of the Con-
ference on the Limitation of Arma-
ment can hardly fail to arouse sur
prise throughout the country. 1t is
the more significant in view of the
fact that among the advisers Of Sec
retary Denby the men who, presum-
ably, will have most to say on tech
nical questions Of the limitation of
naval armaments are largely hold
overs from, the Daniels regime.
Admiral Rodgers, now president
of the General Board, has served in
his present capacity since April,
1920. Admiral Coontz, chief of op-
erations, has served in the same re-
sponsible position since October,
1919, and his assistant, Commander
W. S. Pye, has held his present posi-
tion since August, 1910. Admiral
Taylor, who has been chief of con-
struction since December, 1914, was
one of the stanchest defenders Of
Daniels's 1916 program and a great
believer in the supremacy Of the
battleship. Admiral Washington,
chief of the Bureau Of Navigation,
was also an old Daniels chief, while
Admirals jackson, Huse and McVay
and Captain Pratt were appointed to
important positions by Secretary
Daniels.
1t goes without saying, of course,
that these men served and will serve
the navy with no thought of parti-
san politics. Their association with
Daniels was in line Of duty and they
advised him to the best Of their abil-
tiles. The significance, therefore,
lies not SO much in their connection
with any individual as in the pro-
gram that was sponsored under their
official advice.
This program, which consisted in
carrying through the 1916 plan dur
ing 1919 and 1920, was particularly
characterized as failing to take note
of new conditions, and there has
been little indication that the ideas
of these men have changed since
then. This accounts, perhaps, for
the apparent insistencc that neither
the airplane nor the submarine is as
important as the battleship. With
out going into the merits of this
warmly debated controversy, the
thing to bear in mind is that which
ever side is right the powers at pres
ent in the saddle represent ante-war
ideas. They apparently do not see,
as Ambassador Harvey the other
day pointed out the President
sees, that while the 1916 program
was appropriate when we were at
war and before the naval lessons of
the war were digested it may be
inappropriate to peace times and
does not adequately take into con-
sideration airplane and submarine
developments.
1t is, of course, true that Admiral
Sims. by virtue Of his position as
president of the Naval War College.
is a member Of the General Board.
and thereby entitled to be officially
heard in the counsels of the navy.
But his station in Newport virtually
places him out of hearing distance
and renders all the more conspicuous
his absence from the advisory list.
AS commander Of American naval
forces in the war, as a member Of
the Allied Council, personally ac-
Guainted with most of the members
OF the coming conference, as presi-
dent Of the War College for four
years and as an officer who is known
TO be thoroughly up to date in everv
branch of naval science, Admiral
SIMS was natural choice. The
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
Room for instruction
From The Los An1siss Times

While the class in courtesy is being
conducted for streetcar motormen and
conductors it might be as we'll if the
public gained little tuition in the
gentle art. We have often wondered
how 3 conductor could remain so
courteous in the face of some of the
proyocation he receives from freeborn
citizena
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
How Mr.. Brisbane Docs 1t

+. P. A; Wrong againl Mr.. Bris-
bane, in Boston at least, drifts into the
city room Of The American, Shoes
Mary Mahoney away from her type
writer (the only good one in the ROOM,
hat forward until the brim almost rests
on his nose, and pecks out about four
takes with his two index fingers.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03
many who could not return from

many who could not return from
France.
The Senate is answerablc to the
nation and must not permit any
thing to impede it's activity in the
premises. II Mr.. Watson cannot sus-
tain his charges--that is something
else again; but meanwhile the in
vestigating committee must proceed
to it's inquiry, and, as the A. e. r.
used to say in its training days,
"Make it snappy!"
New-York tribune., 1921-11-03

Our jolly contemporary. The London
Oily Telegraph, is speaking of DR..
Wellington Koo. "He delivered his
inaugural address in faultless English
without the trace of an accent" it says,
Though educated at an American uni
versity."