davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-02-28
Europe

Europe
Belfast, Dublin From Baltimore
Last Half Msr.--A. STEAMER tFO
Baltimore 8. S. Co., Inc.
From Newport News
Last Haif Mar.--A STEAMER tF)
~ Baltimore 8, S. Co, Inc.
Belfast, Dublin, Londonderry, Cork
From Baltimore
Mar. 1s---LoRD' powNsHIRE tF)
Lord Line a.. NJ. NJ
Bergen, Sea Christiaais, Trondhjcm
Bilbao, See Lisbon. Las Palma.
Bordeaux
From New York
LoadinK---w. HELIX tF) Cosmopolitan
Mar. S1-PIPEsToNE COUNTY (F)
Cosmopolitan Lines
Bordeaux, Ghent
From Mobile
Late Mar-wEsT cRgssY tF)
Page & Jones
BHaila, See nstartinopIs
Bremen, Danzig Alss see Hamburg
From New York
Mar. 1S--ANTfGONE tPFM)
U. s. Mail Steamship Co.. Inc
Apr e-SUsoUDHANNA( (PFM)
U. S. Mail Steamship Co, Inc.
Bremen, Hamburg
From Philadelphia
Mar. 5-ALAMosA' (F) tvia Baltmore)
Kerr Steamship Co., Inc.
Apr. 15--SATARIA (F4 (via Baltimore)
+ Kerr Steamship Co., Inc,
From New Orleans
Feb. :S-CoRSoN (F)
Kerr Steamship Co., Inc
Mar. lowest RARITANs CD
Kerr Steamship Co, Inc.
Bristol, Cardiff, Swansea, Newport,
As cargo offers. Also see Avonmouth, I.eith
Liverpool
From New York
Mar. 2o---LAKE FRoHNA (F)
| Winchester Lines
Bristol, Manchester
From ,Philadelphia
Mar. 15--DAvIpsoN COUNTY (F)
Harriss, Magill g. Co.. Inc,
From Norfolk
Mar. 5--DAviDSoN COUNTY .tF)
Harriss. Maxul & Co., Inc.
Burgas, Sec constantinopl.
Cardiff, Seq Bristol
CheYbourg, See Southampton
Christania, Bergen, Stavanser, Chris.
tiansand Also sec Trondhjenn
From New York
Mar. 11--sTAvANGERFJo (PFM)
Norwegian American Line
Christiania, Copenhagen, Gethenburg,
Stockholm, RevaI
,.- Prom New York
Mar. l5-ToLEDo BRIDGE tF) searer Line
Mar, le--MARGUs (F) seager Line
ChEistiansand See christiania, Trondhjena
Csnstandnople, Burgas, Varna, Coz.
stanza, Galatz, Braila, Batum
Also sec Smyrna
From New York
Loadins--wHEELING MOLD (F)
A II. Bull g. Co.
Ionstanza, See Censtantinople. Smyrna
Copenhagen sss nis hs s,s,
Cork, SEQ Belfast
Ccruna, SEQ Las ralmas
Danzig, Hamburg, Also see Bremen
From Philadelphia
MAR. 25--GorHLAND tPFMl Red Star Line
Danzis, Abo
From New York
Afar. 5--MAss1ck Cd seazer Lin.
Dublin, SEQ Belfast
Dundee, Also see Hull
From New York
Mar. .20--GRACIANA (F) Furness Line
Dunkirk
/ From New York
IoadinE-REMus tF) Cosmopolitan Lines
Fiume, Soc viso
French Atlantic Ports
From New York
Mar. 15-~SOUTH POLE (FE)"
Cosmopolitan Lines
From Philadelphia
Mar. 1--CASEY (F)
International Freishting Corp.
Mar. 9O---CITY OF FAIRBuRY (F)
International Freighting Corp
Apr. 10-NEDNIAC: (F)
International Fret ghting Corp
Apr. a5--CASEY (F)
1heerNdttoIlel FrelghtlnG Corp.
Rotterdam as cargo offers
GaiAtX, See Constantinople, Smyrna
Csnca Also see Barcelona,
Gibraltar, Naples
From Philadelphia
Loading--wOODMAN (EO
Clyde S. s, Co. Foreign Services
Genoa, Naples
From New York
Mar. 1o-MoNTE CRIsTO (F)
Lloyd Sabaudo
Mar. 1s--SAN EoSsoRE CD
Lloyd Sabaudo
Mar. a3-REGINA .D'ITALIA (PFM)
Lloyd Sabaudo
From New Orleans
Feb. 2S.--NESCO (F)
Kerr Steamship Co., Inc
Mar. 2o--CITY- OF FLINT CD
"A Kerr Steamship Co. Inc
Ghent, See Antwerp Bordeaux
Gibraltar, Genoa, Naples Also sec vixo
From New York
Mar. i5--cRETIC (PFRM) White Star Line
Giion, Sec Las Pslmas
Glasgow, Also sec ,Avonmouth, Liverpool
New-York tribune., 1921-02-28
Ship Advertising
Department
Telephone
Beekman 5000

Islands of Atlantic
West Indies and
Caribbean Sea i
San Juan, See Porto Ric. .
San Pedro de Macoris -
From New York
Mar. 5--CALLABASAS (F) All r..
Santa Marta, See kingston
Santo Domingo City
From New York
Mar. 5-~CALLABASAs (F) All Fr,,.r
Trinidad, Demerara, Grenada
From New York
Mar. 8--MARAVAL tPFM) Trinid,s,
Mar. 19-MATURA {PFM) TrinidaIa Lles
Apr. 6~-MAYARO (PFM) Trinidadd Idas
Trinidad, Demerara, Paramaribo :,
Laurent, Cayenne, y
From New York
Mar. 13--LAKE SUNAPEE IF,
Clyde S. S. Co (Foreirn S.r-,
New-York tribune., 1921-02-28
Islands Of Atlantic
West Indies and
Caribbean Sea

Caribbean Sea
Aux Cages, See Cape Haiti
Barahona
From New York
Mar. 5--CALLABASAs (F) Atl. Fruit Co.
Bermuda
From New York
Mar. e-FoRT HAMILTON PFM)
F'urness Bermuda Line
Mar. 5--FORT VICTORIA (PFM)
Furness Bermuda Line
Mar. 9--FoRT HAMILTON {PFAD
+ Furness Bermuda Line
Cape Haiti, Port au Prince, Aux
Cages, JacmeI, Kingston, Ja-
maiea, Puerto Colombia, Carta-
gena
From New York
Mar. FLAKE OGDEN (F)
Clyde s. 8. Co. (Foreisn Services)
Cartagena, See Kingston. Cape Haiti
Cayenne, Sec Trinidad
Cristobal, See South America, Havana
Demerara. See st. Thomas, Grenada,
Trinidad
Grenada, See Trinidad
Havana, Santiago, Port Antonio,
Kingston, CristobaI, West Coast
Ports, Port Limon
From New York
Mar. 5-PAsToREs CPFM) United Fruit
Jacmel, See Cape Haiti
Jamaican Outports, See Kingston
Kingston, Cartagena, Puerto Colon.
bia, Santa Marta, Cape e,1s Hsiti ffs havana
From New York
Mar. 1--TIvIVES (PFM) United Fruit Co.
Kingston, jamaican Outports
From New York
Feb 2s--LYsEFJORD (F) Di Giorgio & Co.
Mar. 12-JoS. j. CUNEo (F) All. Fruit Co
Mayaguez, See Porto Rico
Paramaribo, See Trinidad
Ponce. See Porto Rico
Port Antonio. See Havana
Port au Prince See Cape Haiti
Port Limon, Sec Havana
Porto Rice (San Juan, Ponce, Maya
guez)
From Baltimore
Mar. 15--LAKE FANQUIER (F)"
Baltimore S. s. Co, Inc.
Mar. 3I--I.AKE ELON (F)a
Baltimore S. 5. Co, Inc.
'other ports on appiiIation.
Puerto Colombia, See Kingston, is.s!
ST. Laurent, See Trinidad
St. Thomas, St Crcix, St. Kits, An
tigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Barbados
From New York
Mar. s-w. VI. TUPPER (F)
Clyde 8. S. Co. .(Foreign Services1
ST. Thomas, St. Croix, ST. Kitts, An
tigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica,
Martinique, ST. Lucia, Barbs-
dos, Demerara
From New York
Mar. 4--o;UGANA tFFBf) Quebec s. s. Co.
Apr. f--PARIMA tPFMl Quebec q. 8. Co
New-York tribune., 1921-02-28
Sailing for
United States

New York From Rotterdam
Mar. I-FLORENCE EUCKENBACH tFhS
Luekenbaeh Lines
Mar. 2I--ANDREA r. LUCKENBACH ~
Luekenbsch Lines
From Hamburg
Mar. 3--F. j LUCKENBACH (EM5
lucSenbach Lines
Mar. l7--ANDREA IT. LUCKENBACH (Ftb
Leckenbach Lines
Philadelphia From Rotterdam
Mar. I--FLORENCE LUCK ENBACH tFsi
Luckenbaeh Lines (U.S S.B)
From Hamburg
Mar. 5---T. j. BUCKBEBAcH (FMg
Luckenbach Lines
New-York tribune., 1921-02-28

lima, Japan
! Philippines
Straits Settlements
Cebu, See Manila
DaireH, See Yokohama
Hong Kong, Ssoa;aIs sss 1S1shs%s; sSsa-..,
Honolulu, Yokohama, Kobe, sh.n,.
hal' Manila, Hong Kong
From San Francisco
Mar. 5--NENEZUEL.A (PFAD
Pacific Mail s s CO
Mar. 19-GoLDEN STATE (PFRM,
Pacific Mail S. s. Co
Kobe, See Honolulu. Yokohama
Manila, asna;,,s sss aSaohs%a,
Shanghai, Manila, Hong Kan,
Singapore, A1so aas.;, sss :. Honolulu,
From New York
Feb. 2S-M. S. DOLLAR CF) on bsrtb
Dollar Line
From Seattle
May 12-WHEATLAND MONTANA II,
Admiral Line
Singapore, See Shanghai
Vladivostok, See YokoI,ama
Yokohama, Kobe, Shanghai, Hon,
Kong, Also see Honolulu
From New York
Feb. 2s-EAsTERN PRINCE CF) Prince
Mar. 5-HAGUE MARU Cd Barber Line,
Mar. 1o-WINYAH (I) Barber Lines
Mar. 2-BELLFLOWE Err I'D Barber Line.
Mar. 2o-ARGUN MARU (F) Barber Line,
Yokohama, Kobe, Shanghai, Hong
Kong, Manila
From New York
Mar. 5--BOWES CASTLE (F) Barber Linz,
Mar. 12-WENATCHEE (PF) Barber Line.
From New Orleans
Mar. 3o-A STEAMER (F) Cosmopolitan
offers.
From Seattle
Feb. 2s-DELIGHT (FAD Waterhouse Co.
Mar. 24-WEST JESTER (FaD
Waterhouse & Co.
Yokohama, Kobe, Shanghai, Hong
Kong, Manila, Dairen
From Seattle
Mar. 4--CRoss KEYS (r0 Admiral Lin,
Mar. 27-BDMORE tF) Admiral Line
Apr. I9-ELDRIDGE (F) Admiral Line
June 4-CITY OF SPOKANE (F) Admir-,
From Portland
Mar. 1o-MONTAGUE (F) Admiral Line
Apr. 7--ABERCOS CD Admiral Line
May 6-PAWkHT (F) Admiral Line
June 2-COAXET (F) Admiral Line
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-06-14

story in the whole district. This is
not simply human interest, this is
real fact. You ought to hear some of
these growers tell of experiences year
on the same MANI He would lean over
the fence and talk to his neighbor. He
would say, Il have just heard the
same thing; my buyer was in today
with contract. He told me all he
could offer was 1 cent pound. He
told me he was signing up hundreds
and hundreds of tons in this very val
ley at 1 cent a pound. Maybe we had
better take it,
Then they would go and talk to the
wives. The wives would simply realize
the children needed clothes, they would
need something to eat, they would
need to go to scsool. The wives mos:
likely would vote to sell the stuff at
some price rather than get stuck. They
all had the picture before them of
having the raisins fed to the hogs.
The buyer would come back in a
week and go to Bill. He would say.
'sAre you ready to.sell? have a con-
tract here ready for you" Bill would
say. IL hate to sign it, don't think
it is square" The buyer would say
something like this--it was done in
IS out of five in the whole dis.
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-06-14

The answer would be, Our price this
year is 1 cent a pound" 1t will inter
est you to know that raisins sold as
low as half cent pound during that
period, from 1900 to 1911. The grower
probably would say. 81 can't produce
raisins at that. The university people
told us it costs somewhere between 2
and 3 cents to produce raisins, de,
pending on whether we have cheap
land or land more expensive. If
sell my raisins at 1 cent I lose money
every time I raise ton" The buyer
would say. Rosenberg is buying at
a cent a pound. We have to sell
against them, we can't offer more than
those fellows are getting raisins for.
You had better sell at 1 cent a pound
than to feed the crop to the hogs. :"
1t is the same situation you have in
Kentucky today, the very thing.
Teen the buyer would say, as the
grower still hesitated, II will tell you
what to do You think this over and
l will come back next week, and you
talk it over with your wife and your
next door neighbor and see what to
do. ] don't want to urge you if you
thinh 1t isn't right"
The Grower Wealsens.
Right that week Bill leaned oyer
the fence and talked to the next +
,rhat ii Me aln1est uniyerA~
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-06-14

He said when he came to Fresno
expected to have big store. he h
dreams Of putting in a big stock
fine furniture and clothes and nal
ware utensils and things of that 4
ture. and that when friends from 8
Francisco came down he would svl
out and show them a store as II
as any in the city. But now"
said. when friends come down I do
take them to the store All I can kd
Is cheap things. overaIls and broGd
and things like that. You fellows dol
make enough to buy decent thinssl
the store. The only way I have
make money is to buy mortgages \
toreclose. L have made a lid
money that way. but don't want
make money off vineyards. 1 want
make money off my merchandise.
He then announced that if the n
lows would get in and do somethi
for themselves which would put ia
better system of merchandising.
would put every penny he had behf
them.
They began to feel better. I'll
came the parallel of Judge BinghaI
We happened to have in Fresnol
mighty interesting paper. The ReplI
lican, by many regarded as the finl
and cleanest paper in CaIiforr2
Chester Rowell was the editor. "a
probably one of the brainiest men al
ifornia has ever produced. Row
and his group had decided to havef
fine paper but they weren't mako
enough money at the time becal
their circulation wasn't coming s
The merchants weren't making mofk
and couldn't advertise. The peot
were not buying anything unless I'D
absolutely had to. Rowell was
terested in the growers and q
nounced that he was ready to get 8
hind them, not only with the pa +
but with every bit of cash that
could scrape together.
Cooperation Is Disclosed.
When the growers got this dose
confidence from these varid&
sources. they began TO think for the
selves. After while these sueSS
tons began TO crystalline. Always =
discussion in the different confereue
on the same thing, a
the growers decided to sta
everything In one big MOD
ment. They started in to
ganize a big cooperative as
citation. They decided to organize B
with capital stock so they could E
move the blind alley and put in pa 6
ing plants for themselves. Then rs
would take their stuff and try
reach the trade direct. They reaIiz
that every time they tried to d
with the so-called High Five or L
Five, they had been mulcted and
plotted.
1 want to say that the plan IL
adopted is not now reed
mended in its entirety. I will explsE
to you. 1t is not plan that is n
in California as far
the form is concerned, because Il
made errors in form. though none
economics. They made errors VIII
the best lawyers in the world wo
have made at that time.
They decided to organize a corpo
ton with a million dollars capital az
get the money from two sourc
First, lot of the bankers decided
follow Mr.. Mannheim's lead.
put money into this thing. IT
knew they could get subscriptions
sh from some Of the megcsents
- It The bankers. mSn ssak
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-06-14

me your word of honor you won't say
a word about this to your next door
neighbor. for it will get me in Dutch
if you do. I will give you a price of
IL cents if you will sign right now
Bill would break leg to get his name
on that contract at IL cents pound.
because he would think he was get
ting little more than his neighbor.
Bill would sign that contract and take
his loss and be relatively happy on it
because he was putting something over
on John Smith who lived next door.
Probably the same stunt would be
pulled on John Smith. He would like
wise sign at IA cents a pound be-
cause he thought he was putting it
over on Bill his neighbor. That used
to be the great stunt of the buyer
They all worked on the same psychol-
ogy-that the grower never cared
about fair price, all he cared about
was that his price was relatively bet.
ter than his neighbours. OF course
the grower got the worst of it under
that condition.
Gathering the SpOiis.
May, June and July would come on
and the raisins started to mellow.
September would come and when the
raisins were actually picked it would
turn out that probably there was
crop of only $4,000 or 10000 tons. and
the raisins would then be sold to the
broker at perhaps 6 or or cents a
pound. and the brokers or the packers
would make a huge fortune on the
raisins and the growers would in
evitably go backwards.
They experienced that thing year
after year. They used to say that
every crop of raisins in California
made at least five new millionai' es.
think that was a slight exaggeration-
but it helped to build up few millions
in San Francisco and Il couple in
Fresno. but not among the growers.
The Counter Movement.
That went on until 1911. In 1911
some Of these wise growers got to-
gether to figure out how many more
years they had to ,ose. They esti-
mated the investment when they orig
irally started, figured out how it had
become impossible TO pay eff mort.
ages, in fact how the mortgages
was usually increased. A couple who
were most desperate said. I'VE will
tell you what to do. Let's go into
town and talk to the merchants and
bankers and big fellows there and get
advice from them. If we are going to
get cleaned out let us save wh.+ we
can and move to some other section
and go in decent line of busir ess.
They went to town-they had ac-
quired experience-one went t. real
estate firm and offered to ;ell his
ranch. They said. Where are you To-
cated?" He told them. They said.
How much do you think it is worth
per acre?" He said, well, L think t
is worth at least 800 an acre"
How much will it cost to pull out
your vines?" He said. "$15 to $40 an
acre" They said, Your land is worth
$50 an acre, that is all we vii offer.
They told him the land was worth
more with the vines out than with the
vines in. That was 1911, in Fresno
1t taught them little lesson.
They talked it over with the bank
efs and told the bankers they were
going to throw up their hands. they
couldn't pay their mortgages They
tdld the position theyhwere in finan-
s'I REsssa a'''' we're =
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-06-14

Finally some Of the bankers-par
| ticularly one named Mannheim. who
has since died-made it possible to
form this organization. They said
you fellows down here don't want &c
lose heart. Get lot of growers to
sether and we'll see if we can't work
something up. The orange growers
have gotten on their feet since 1905
You men ought to be able to do some,
thing. Get the growers together and
talk this over"
Early Conferences.
So, at the suggestion of some Of the
bankers and merchants. they started
in and called some more conferences
and some meetings around Fresno
and these other towns to figure out
what was wrong with the raisin grow
ers and with Fresno. Tine merchants
were pretty sore. for Fresno was one
OF the deades: towns you could imag-
inc. Up to 1911 Fresno was always
the joke town of California. 1t never
progressed or advanced. The mer
chants were getting really sick and
tired of it.
They started in to hold conferences
to see if they could work out some
thing with the raisin industry. These
growers were not all little men-in
fact, the men who came into these
conferences we're the biggest and the
best of the growers, the men who,
above all, could be expected to do
something, but were absolutely help
less because the industry was break
ing them. They didn't have packing
house plants. they couldn't give the
merchants any business.
The first great shock the growe";
received was at one of the conferences.
Mannheim. the banker. got up and
said he was tired of having them
look on him as Shy,ock.
You fellows" he said. have
only two or three conferences with
me. You come in the bank ami
borrow money and take a mortgage
The next time you see me is when
you come in next year to explain why
you can't pay the interest on the
mortgage. Then you come in the next
year and explain the same thing. o.
ask for more money on your crop
[ can't give it to you. Then we have
another conference when l send for
you to tell you that 1 have to fore
close. A lot of you fellows hate me
and think 1 am your enemy. 1 am
not your enemy. 1 am your friend.
1 don't want you to lose money. |
don't want to take a foreclosure. |
want you to make money, and then
1 want you to deposit the surplus. |
want to lend to all the merchants in
town and have them develop a big
business. I want the town to be
prosperous so 1 can make money. /
tell you what 1 will do. If you fellows
will get in and do something for
yourselves and get out of the rut.
and learn how to solve your own
problem all the way through, will
put every penny of my personal re-
sources and those of the bank behind
YOU"
Something Starts.
The growers could hardly believe
it. One told me afterwards that he
didn't know whether he was awake or
just dreaming. that something might
happen to him some day. He looked
around and there was the old man
still talking to him. So it really was
true.
Mr.. Mannheim sat down. Then the
biggest merchant there rAaS hoy - s'
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-06-14

cages. You will find more mortgages
on vineyards in one year between 1900
and 1911 than in the ten years be-
tween 1911 and 1921. Any one year
greater than the aggregate total OF
the ten years!
The real story behind it was this:
Somehow or other no two buyers rep
resenting competing firms rarely went
to one grower during any one season.
You might get a Guggenhime buyer
one year and a Rosenberg buyer the
next year. But you would not usually
get both a Guggenhime buyer and
Rosenberg buyer in any one season.
The same thing, 1 suppose, has been
practiced on growers all over the
country at appropriate times.
The Buyers System.
The buyers would come out in Feb
ruary or, say, early in March; and
in February or March no buyer on
earth can tell what is going to hap
pen to the raisin crops. But they
would go around talking to the grow
ers, gossiping with them, calling on
them to make connections. They
would run up and down the State.
Like Satan in the Book of Job they
were going up and down the land
discovering crops, and they always
knew from all signs there was going
tc be a tremendous crop in California.
They would simply pass the word to
the grower. They would say, I'VE
are going to have a huge crop, pos
sibly 10000 tons, and you know, of
course, the United States won't eat
&C, 900 tons" They would leave that
kind word with the grower. Then.
perhaps, they would come back in
two weeks, visiting the different dis
tricts and saying. eve have been
through all the districts and all the
signs point to a 60,000-ton crop this
year. Half the growers are going to
feed their raisins to the hogs. There
is no market" Then they would al
ways suggest, IF you don't believe
me you had better go in town and
talk to the bankers, talk to your
neighbors, and see what they say"
OF course the fellow trudged in town
the next day to talk TO the banker.
who had no independent source of
knowledge. The banker would have
exactly the same data. The High |
Five and the Low Five peddled it.
The banker would mean to be friend
ly but, not knowing any better. he
would always tell the same story. The
motive always. was to create the i'm
preston of a huge crop.
Effect on the Growers.
By the end of March they would
always have the growers around the
district fairly well scared. and the
growers would begin to think what
they should do with their crops. Each
fellow would have in his mind pic
ture Of the other man who did ac-
tually feed his raisins to the hogs in
some other year; he would also have
picture of the mortgage he had on
his vineyard; he would also have q
picture of the fact that a little money
even loss-is better than no money
at all.
The growers would begin to get wor-
ried. About the beginning of April
these buyers would come around with
sheets of regular contracts. The buy
er knows the grower. He would say,
Now. Bill, we are buying raisins. We
are going to buy certain number and
when we reach that amount tho books
close: We don't take another spunce.
because we can't sell any more.N We
DOR. ssspt 70 get stuck" Bill, iStel'-
n say, What is thu 5i3