davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23

we do not think this Conference. in
which only five Powers are represented,
could resolve the question of submarines,
which can concern many other POWERS
which are not represented nere.
Senator Schanzer said the Italian
delegation was not ready to associate
ourselves with a PROPOSAL of ABOLISH
ing Submarines; and we are not author-
ized to do so.'
For Japan, Mr.. Hanihara said he was
Internationally opposed to all abusive
uses Of submarines, such as those re,
Gently committed by n certain nation.
but felt that a legitimate use of sub
marines was iustifable and necessary
for defense. He suggested that inter
national rules of war be modified TO
guard against abusive use of submarines
Chairman Hughes said none could fail
TO be deeply impressed by the statement
Of Lord Lee, and that II was clear all
we're agreed there was no disposition
to tolerate oil any plea Of necessity the
illegal use OF the submarine as prac-
ticcd in the late war lie Bald there
should be no difficulty in announcing
to the world the intention Of the nations
represented at the Conference that
"submarines must observe the well-es
tablished principles Of international law
regarding visit and search in attacks on
merchant ships
Mr.. Hughes said he understood that
the "cruS of the controversy IS asst
! the use of the submarine as a weapon oi
defense" Lord Lee had said 1t was OF
| little vnluc. and had pointed out that
| only five nations were present at the
Washington Conference. he said. add
ing that he could not agree that those
| nations we're in the same position re.
garding submarines as regarding capital
Ships, since they represented the po-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23

civilized world if the Washington Con-
ference decided to Danish submarines.
II the great naval Powers. however,
should some day find themselves ex-
posed to piracy by the. action Of some
smaller Power" in this regard. he
added. surely, they .iould find means
of bringing Nemesis TO the trans
grcssor."
Lord Lee argued that submarines
might be cheap for the aggressor, but
it was not SO for the victim" During
the war, he said, Great Britain main
tained an average of 5000 anti sub
marine surface craft. He said also
that he was not impressed with the
argument that submarines could not be
dealt with, because "it was found i'm
possible to deal effectively with poison
gas or air bombs which were by
products of essential industries"
III. speaker continued that submn.
rines Constituted the only class of vessel
which s-e Conference was asked to give
"pcrrr ,ssion to thrive and multiply
Britain Strong in Submarines
ITO show the earnestness Of the
British Government in this mater"
Lord Lee pointed out, the paraphraso
continued, that Great Britain pos
sesscd the largest and probably the most
! pUltlp1lJ SuUllluIlit Al lht WI lu'
composed of 100 vessels of SO. 900 tons.
! He was prepared to scrap the whole
| Of this great fleet and to disband thr
personnel provided that other Powers
would do the same. That was Tie
! British offer TO the world and he be.
! licvcd that IL was n greater cOntribu-
ton to the cause of humanity than The
limitation Of capital ships.
In closing Lord Lee said it PAS no
the Invention Of the British delegation
that the settlement as to capital shipE
should be affected IL they failed tt
carry their point in regard TO tn,
abolition of submarines. The British
would welcome. however, he said. an!
suggestions for restrictions or reduction
nf submarines and awaited with intcreS
the proposals. of the French dele
gates.
Experts Differ OH Figures
Secretary Hughes. as chairman. in
tervencd to say that figures Of America,
naval experts as to existing submarin
tonnage built and building for eacI
Power differed from those presented b.
! Lord Lee. The American figures were
he said. United States, 00, 900 tons
Great Britain, So, ,464 France. AZ $50
Japan, 81 400. and Italy, 20,22S.
THE United States has. therefore,
the Communique continued, in quotin
Mr.. Hughes, 30 900 tons, which it
prepared to reduce. The reduction
) slight. but it is a reduction. 1t IS, Q
course, not the intention to increase
but to reduce
For Tie French delegation. NJ. Sar
raut stated his profound disapprOvG
! Of the barbarOus use which was mad
Of submarines In the late war" II
recalled that the submarine Questio
had been dealt with ut the Peace Con
ference and by the League of Nations
: land that public opinion had show
, itself favorable to the continuance {
submarines
For the French delegation. NJ. Sar
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23

raut asserted the belier "that the sub
marine was rre. emincntly n defensive
weapon. especially for nations scantily
supplied with capital ships" lie ar.
gued that "the submarine had proved
itself to be unequal to gaining contro!
of the sea. and could not be considered
as dominating weapon"
Would Formulate Rules
1t was also undeniablc. he contended,
that the submarine could oe used
under honorable conditions and said 1t
was certain these conditions would he
formulated in conformity with the les
sons Of the late war.
The number of submarines . nation
needed depended upon "thc needs Of
national Defense" NJ. Sarrnut said,
md submarines of large size were moro
in accordance with "thc laws of hu-
manity, which demand thst crews OF
torpedoed vessels should be rescued "
than small submersibles. Large cruising
radius was needed, he said. to protect
distant colonies and maintain lines OF
comipunication.
For the Italian delegation. Senator
Schanzer said the italian naval experts
did not share Lord Lees opinion that
submarines are not efficient means oi
defense"
/ "They think that the submarine is
! still an indispensable weapon for th'
defense of :hc Italian coast he said
"Our naval experts are furthermore Of
the opinion that submarines are ncccs'
Nary 20 protect the lines of conmun;ca
ton o. our country.
Outside Powers Concerned
eve are not ready today to resolve
these doubts of technical character
We venture to observe. moreover, tina
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23
JAPANESE PREMIER
LAUDS PACIFIC PACT

Paris. Dee. 23.--G by a. PD-Pre.
mier Baron Takahashi. OF japan. is
quoted BY the Toxic correspondent Of
the newspaper Excelsior as declaring I:
1.-THE quadr,iplc Entente. which for
Japan replaces tn" Anglo japanese al
hanee. is much wider in bearing. and
removes all chances of war.
81 venture 10 say" he continued
that the Washington Conference has
opened new epoch in the Pacific and
the world. | not only believe that the
Entente viii result in making the
japanese people happier, because II will
tighten their burdens. but further that,
by reason Of the guarantee we obtain.
the position OF japan is oIrengthenld
in the Far East
In regard 10 China, the Premier was
quoted as saying. "Thina Is in m ad-
vanccd stage of decomposition. II Will
be- an unpleasant situation for Japan,
and misfortune for China. If. az the
result of her anarchy, she does not 90 =
operate with the friendly Powers seeking
to bring about her unifcat!on." "
Baron Takuhashi concluded by char
acterizlng the report that Japan had
designs on French lndO- China as ''an
sosurd fable
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23
BY the Associated Press

By the ASSOclaltN fTcSS
Paris, Dec. 23.-Prcmier BRAND has
sent Ambassador Jussrrani in Wash.
ington a final and definite acceptance
of the capital ship rntiN. France, how
ever, It is stated. maintains lCr ncsi-
tion regarding submarines and coast
defense ships, although sh" Is willing 70
negotiate.
France insists that hcT dcranls ar
vltallF necessary to h"r security. but
Is disposed to co-o.Nrate With tn"
United State" MS far as possible.
Washington. Dec. 23.-lBy A. Pl
Failure of the French delegation 10
receive expected additional instructions
as TO auxiliary naval craft from its
home Government, promised. to lead to
further discussion today Of the sub
marine question by the Washington
Conference in the single meeting likely
to break a pre- Christmas lull.
Under a tentative understanding the
submarine discussions, opened yCStcr-
day with a plea from the British dole
CATION for abolition of submrTsi6l"S,
automatically will b. resumed BY the
full Naval Committee this afternoon in
event of announcement By the French
that they have nothing to present.
4 suggestion came from the Italian
representation that another conference
be arranged soon after the adjourn
ment Of the present gathering to take
up further the question of auxiliary
naval craft. The Italians made the
point that q number Of nations having
submarines either built. building OF
planned. were not represented at tn,
present Conference. and unless brought
into agreement with the spirit of thC
present gathering. might. at compare
lively small outlay. construct sufficient
submarine tonnage to menace the feeling
of security OF the Powers here repre-.
sented.
1t was conceivable. tho Itu,iar
spokesman said. that one OF the smalle;
Mediterranean Powers, for instance
might. at the comparatively low cost q
$50, 900. COO. provide itself with jO.OH
tens of submarines. This number wOult
lar exceed the allowance proposed 10 bC
given 10 Italy under the American plan
and might place the outside Powers in &
position TO d"minatc the Mcditprra
mean.
The Italian suggestion will be Orough
up for consideration before adjourn
ment, il was said.
The Italian attitude toward the us
OF submarines wns described as nm
changed BY the elaborate argument mad
against that type Of craft yesterday, b.
Lord Lee. OF the British delegation
Italy still wants considerable amour
Of Submarine tonnage and. moreover
does not wish to br prohibited f'oil
building some large submarines ii sh
cares TO do so. her spokesman said.
Reverting TO the suggestion Of an
other conference, the Italian spOkes
ln Ia
than submarines to engage its atten
tion. For instance, he said. some doub
had been raised aS to the operation o
the naval ratio agreement in 50 far q
il related to The building Of new war
ships by nationals Of the countries rep
resented here in countries not 50 rep
resented.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23

that submarines be abolished as a navaI
weapon, The argument OF Lord Lee
Of the British Admiralty, came first
II stated, the view Of the British Gov
prnment 10 be "that what was required
was not merely restrictions on Subma =
rines. but their total and final abolish
ment."
Lord Lee presented the following
estimates Of existing submarine ton
mage:
sc, 800; Japan. 60, 600; France, 2S,36O,
and Italy, 1920.
He pointed out that under the Amer
lean proposals Of 10000 tons each fol
Great Britain and the United State.
and "a, 900 for Japan, thl United
States could build GH0O tons, Great
britain $500 and Japan ~ 500, with the
nthcr two countries in proportion.
Cites Many Objections
"IIe. felt bound to say" the para
phrase continued, that II seemed &c
him very strange to put before Con
ference OH the Limitation of Nava
Armament proposals designed TO foster
and increase the type of war vessels
which, according 10 the British view
was open to more objection than surface
Gpital ships
r,c oro contSnlsT s t tbat vi% i, vas az Icr,tinat,
weapon Of weaker Powers and as ctec'
tive and economical means o, detcnSs'
for coast lines and maritime conmuni
cations. Roth contantiors could b,
challenged on tochricnl grounds an(
were Clearly disproyed By recent his
tory" tho nnravhrase said.
Lord Leo declared that methods o.
location. detection and destruction .
srbmnrire, had proceeded much furthe,
+bsn he developments of submarines
themselves and greatly reduced tht
value Of submorsibles against moderr
warc-sit. He said he believed Ger
rarv Lnd used 80 I'.boats in the war
IL wh!"h 2NI hud been sunk. and tha
H., orru,,rlishmcnt Of IN" T-hoats i
"Irri.tmytc naval wartngc" had bccl
"aino,t insignifcant.
~ r,,.od
troops Saiei! lra"S'eir'" l'S''gr 49,,
NO fewer than 11,OOo,OoO brltis'
troops had crossed and recroSSed Tn
English Channel during the war. an
not one man had been lost from IN
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23
FRANCE AGREES TO
SHIP NEGOTIATIONS
Disposed to Cooperate With
v. S., but Maintains Demand
for Defense Craft
BRAND CABLES JUSSERAMD
BRAND CABLES JUSSERAMD
Suggest Neto Conference
TO Deal With Submarines

Washington. Dec. 23.--tBy A,
r P.)--Suggestion has been made by
the italian arms delegation to the
Naval Committee of the Conference
that another international gathering
of broader scope he called sc"n afi'r
the adjournment Of the prosAn- lis.
cussions to deal particularly with
submarines and auxiliary craft.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23
TERRY CHRISTMAS! Have yo

MERRY CHRISTMAS. Have you
wi ever noticed how some gifts
convey all the Joy and warmth of the
Yuletide? A Gift Basket of Fruit
from Hallowells' Broad below Chest
nut) will carry a real Christmas
Greeting. They are simply perfect;
never have | seen such marvellous
Fruit-highly favored and gorgeous
in coloring. And it is so artistically
arranged, the rich, dark color Of the
dollhouse Grapes from Belgium
making a delightful contrast with
the brilliant, rosy Lady Apples and
white Almeria Grapes from Spain.
You will also be pleased with the
variaty Of Baskets from which you
may make your selection. The
price range is wide-$5, IS, $40, Sl2,
Sl5. 500, $25, $50 and upward. And
uailowells' guarantee perfect de-
livery to any place within 1000 miles
NEVER have I enjoyed Christmas
' shopping so much as this year.
Every one has caught the true
Christmas spirit and the stores seem
TO have had an inexhaustible supply
of lovely gifts. However. ! think
that IL is often the gifts Of import
ance which one delays purchasing
until the last miAute-a gift to
which one wishes TO give careful
consideration. At the store Of
Bailey, Banks & Biddle Company you
Will find the most exquisite jewelry
pieces beautiful in design and set
With that most brilliant Of all gems,
The Polished Girdle Diamond: iinRel
rings, barpins, bracelets, brooches
etc. And, too, Bailey superb col
lection Of Pearl necklaces are Of rare
beauty. But they also have many
gift7 Of moderate price which viii be
grcatly appreciated.
IF YOU have been undecided as &c
i what gift with which a man viii,
be the most pleased | should sug'
pest some article of wearing apparel
hut be sure to purchase it from I
firm whose reputation for style ant
quality is undisputed. Men are Otter
more particular about the details o.
their dress than women. ou WI
make no mistake, HO"cNe ct, III SOIHe
to the store Of Macdonald & Camp
bell, 1884-36 Chestnut Street. Sill
shirts are always appreciated arC
Macdonald & Campbell have an un
usual assortment in plain white ol
smart-looking stripes. Then there
are the silk or wool mufflers, hosiery
handkerchiefs, gloves, belts, house
jackets, robes, knitted wool sweater
coats and vests-all Of which vii
make delightful Christmas gifts.
A RE you sure that you have all the
"A You can get perfectly lovely {
berry ones, at the store Of J. Frank
| think it is a charming custom to ?
Christmas Eve. Miller's also have
brass and mahogany, and delightful
ing OF hand painted gifts, their be
their new perforated tin scrap ba
very pleasing gifts. While probabl
a Cape Cod Firelighter to kindle tn
and upward.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23
LORD LEE BELITTLES
SUBMARINE IN VAR

Washington. Dec. %. -- An sOOO-
word communiquc by the Armamcnts
Committee of the Washington Confer
cncc after yesterdays meeting was in The
form of a pnraphrusc Of the statement
made for the delegation Of each Power
with respect TO the British proposal
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-12-23
SeGo7cG Saq~om

YOU are surely going to have your
i Christmas Tree illuminated this
year, aren't you? Bewitching little
red, blue, green and yellow lights
shining out like fairies-there is no
other tree decoration which can COM
pare with them and l am sure that
the children will agree with me.
You can still purchase them at the
electrical store of Walker s: Kepler,
531 Chestnut Street, as we'll as those
fascinating electrical toys. But have
you availed yourself of the oppor-
tunity which this store offers TO
obtain q really exquisite electric
lamp at very moderate price? The
Japanese Vase Lamps with large
silk shades charmingly made in de-
lightful colors and with heavy fringe
| have found to be unsurpassed any
where. While their bridge lamps
are Of unusual variety.
DON'T you love to see the Christ
- mas trees and holly and mistle-
toe and all the Christmas greens
ard wreaths on the street nov? I do.
Bat if You want some really beauti-
ful and artistic decorations YOU
should 20 to Vollers, 18th and San
som Streets. Their wreaths are
simply exquisite and as for their
Christmas baskets, ] know that you
will be enchanted with chem: large
/ baskets Of growing plants with
/ bright berries and red ribbons and a
cluster Of Belgian grapes suspended
from the handle, most unique idea
smaller baskets of cvergreens and
berries, at only SO, just as dainty
and attractive as possible and the
very thing for the Christmas dinner
table. While nothing could be more
bright and CHEEKY than the poinset-
tias and Jerusalem cEcrry trees.
"THEsE glasses are driving me
frantic" The cause Of this re,
mark is frequently due to the fact
that they have not been properly con-
structed. After wearing glasses for
short time, one should be quite un.
conscious Of them, and I am sure
that you will find this to be the case
with the w. & o. Comfort Spectacles
designed and patented by Wall &
Ochs. Opticians, 1716 Chestnut street
These glasses are made with broad
bearing nose rests which prevent
them i'rOm sliding down or maltinp
that ugly mark across the bridge
Of the nose. Persons who wear
glasses made by Wall g. Ochs anc
| fitted Dy their experts are assured
Of complete satisfaction.
candles that you want for Christmas
mes in all colors, including real Bay,
in Miller, 1912 Chestnut Street. And
lace lighted candle in the window or
very attractive candlesticks, both OF
hand painted sconccs, too. But speak,
xes, tea caddies, trays and especially
kets, all artistically decorated, make
7 one of the most appropriate gifts il
Yuletide log. They are priced at 81
'REET ASSOCIATION
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-09-23

CTS who were inclined to listen to gamblers they learned their lesson and the public soon became con- vinced that the rank and file of ball players were honest. It would have been unjust to condemn baseball be- cause a few of its celebrities went wrong.
 An ugly chapter in baseball his- tory has been closed. Such an epi- sode will not be repeated again, or at any rate, not for a long time, un- til other venial players forget what happened to the Black Sox." The approaching world series will be played lon the level"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-09-23
SEVEN YEARS AFTER

Lucio, in the Manchester Guardian. Long years ago. in far IA. The same complaint was sourly
 sounded: A stacker youth was never ssen. The waster and the lout abounded. They oiled their hair and scorned the
 serum.
 Looked on at games instead of
 playing. And England, if her call should come, Was past all hoping for or praying. Then came the call. and men might 4et tell
 One lamp at least burned clear and
 brightly; Whichever way the balance fell It was not Youth who counted
 lightly. Forth went the bounder and the sezt To claim their country's cause and
 back ft-- A million British graves attest How well they stood their elders
 racket There stands the answer nons shall
 pass,
 There rests Youths plea and vindi-
 cation; And here the old. unvanquished ass Still lifts his voice in tribulation O ,Deads who lie where darkness rules Judge not too harshly of this pre- sage Forgive forgive these aged fools Who neither ran nor read your message!
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-09-23
A CHERISHED MYTH
From the Providence Journal.


 In anticipation of the celebration l of the semi-centennial of the great Chicago fire the municipal authorities seek again to dispel from the pub lie mind the classic myth of Mrs. OLeary's cow It was originally a plausible story that COW in the barn where the fire started, while Mrs. OLeary was milking her. that Sunday evening, October s. 1871, kicked over the lamp
 According to one historian, the late Hubert Howe Bancroft, writing in 1895. the cause was ''the over turning of lamp amid the loose straw of a stable" He apparently &C., cepted the legend. but considerably refrained from mentioning Mrs. O'Leary. too long victim of pain ful notoriety because it hapbened to be her barn in which began the most appalling conflagration since the Russians burned Moscow in advance of Napoleon's arrival.
 There is and always has been, how ever, evidence conclusive that Mrs. O'Leary did the milking by daylight and retired not later than o'clock, and it was around II when the table was discovered to be on fire Some body else may have entered it in the interval. to be sure, but it's own CT had left it locked, and the key was under her pillow. It has been said that the bowl of kerosene lamp was found in the ruins, but that proves nothing even as to an over turned lamp as the cause.
 Nowadays 1t is common to attrib- ute fires of mysterious origin to a short circuit" generation ago the experts explained them by "spon- teneous combustion" and this may really account for the origin of the Chicago fire. For weeks the city lad been suffering under scorch- ing, cloudless sun. Constructed all most entirely of wood, Chicago was veritable finder box. The fire de- rartment, indeed. had been busy many days and nights before 1t was called to the apparently insignifi- cant blaze in Mrs. O'Leary's barn. At any rate, in all the years that have elapsed not a scrap of evidence con- meeting any person, or COW or a lamp. with the origin of the confla- grafton seems to have been brought 10 light.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-09-23
cAD4lEuaMlAusssfI
----'s----------------- WAR BY POISON GAS

From the St. Louis Post-Di Dispatch.
 The idea of the use of poison gas as a weapon of warfare naturally is offensive to the finest instincts or the race. It is only after a philo- sophical consideration of, the factors involved, therefore, that many Amer leans may reconcile themselves to the acceptance by the military ex- perts of the United States of the gas bomb as a means of destroying the enemy.
 Modern war is no gentleman's game. With the introduction of iigh- powered rifles, machine guns and modern artillery what little re- mained of the sporting element of gladiatorial combat vanished. There is nothing especially chivalrous in llektng off a man with bullet from behind a parapet. There is nothing but the science of slaughter in cal culating the incline of cannon with the design of wiping out an entire battalion.
 The point of the discussion is that 10 numantze war 1t must be abol- ished. Short shrift was given the ar gument during the late war that frightfulness was to be welcomed as means of persua ding the nations of the earth of the futility of war. Yet the argument contains large cle- ment of truth. Public Indignation against such methods of slaughter is most justified when directed against those who were first in applying them. Once they are applied, self defense requires their general adop- tion.
 Notwithstanding the horrors and griefs of the late war the race. we believe, has not even yet awakened to the menace it holds for the very existence of humankind. Many vot- CTS in America who opposed the League of Nations may have done so In the belief. from what they were told. that the league would provoke war rather than end it. But had these credulous ones been passion ately devoted to the abolition of war they would have informed them- selves by thorough study of the evidence and the documents rather than have accepted the word of others on so mortal subject. If it is to require more wars to end wars, then. the more frigntful thev are the fewer there will he.