Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-08-09
BY the Associated Press

fresh statement by Niscount Bryce of
the faults he imputes to the peace
treaty, final word in his controversy
with Senator Tammaso Tittoni over
Italy's rights in the Southern Tyrol and
a general review of the factors and the
influences making for war or for peace
IN modern civilization were the out
standing features Of the great British
diplomats fifth lecture on "1nterna-
tional Relations Of the Old World
States,' delivered today before the In
stitute Of Politics at Williams COL
lege.
In regard to the confcrees Of Ver-
sailles. Lord Bryce declared il was not
their failure to accomplish the impos-
sible which deserved censurc, but rather
the fact that in many cases they did not
do what could have been and ought to
have been done to draw just boundaries
and to ascertain the wishes Of the popu-
lations concerned
Among these failures. notwithstand-
ing the objection raised by Senator Tit
toni on the institutes platform last Sat-
urday night, Lord Bryce again listed
the cession of the Austrian Tyrol to
Italy.
In this and in other cases." he
said. lit is to be feared that discomfort
due to sense of justice will injure the
States who have been receiving unwill
ing subjects and will become the source
of many troubles in the future. Ex-
haustion will prevent the belligerents OF
I3lS from entering on wars in the next
few years. but some Of the minor States
may take up arms against others whom
m ~
themselves.
Forces Which Work for War
Even when setting aside all consid
Grafton Of special risks and hazards OF
this kind we must remember that true
peace does not exist where there is Il
wish to renew war. Let me enumernto
briefly some among the forces and in
fuences which work for peace or war.
Zone such force which formerly
played a prominent part has now almost
entirely vanished with the recent fall OF
six European monarchies. ] mean the
influence Of family relationships OF
reigning dynasties.
Religion. the second influence to bt
here noted, has lost much of its former
power in international politics. Nc
Protestant nation now cares whether II
allies itself with Roman Catholic or q
Protestant nation; and the converse Is
almost as equally true Of the Roman
Catholic nations. 1t is otherwise. how
ever, in Asia. where fnnaticism Is still
fierce among the Moslem peoples.
Racial sentiment. third influence
that has within the last century aC-
quired a conscious force scarcely known
to earlier generations, is part Of what
we call by the quite modern name OF
nationality.
"Unhapply. the Powers represented
Mt Paris, forgetting the promise made
to recognize the principles of nationality
and self determination, have by the re
cent treaties left some grievances un-
reprcssed and created other grievances
that did not exist before thus sowing
the seeds Of future trouble.
Some Difficulties Insnperable
"You will ask was it possible to give
effect everywhere to those principles
and those who know the difficulties will
at once answer, it was not possible.
There are regions in Europe ant
Western Asia where populations be
longing to different nationalities dwell
on the same ground SO closely inter
mingled that no boundary line can b,
drawn which would not leave village
of one nationality within the territorie,
which the prcponderance Of another ma
tiOnality makes 1t proper TO assign to
| that other.
Il repeat that grave errors have bccr
committed in the case of Bulgarian
in Macedonia and the Magyars il
TrNnsylvania aud Hungary. to whicl
/ must add, much as | regret TO b.
obliged to differ with friend for whom
| | have 50 great respect and regart
as ] have for Signor Tittoni, the Ger
man speaking population of tho South
crn Tyrol. II we could coll up tn
noble and righteous spirit of Mazzini t
decide thai issue both of us wOul
abide by his decision. III these an
other cases it is to be feared that tn
discomfort due to a sense of injustiC
| will injurC the States who have re
ccivcd unwilling subjects and will be-
come the source of many troubles i
the future"
1T was nervousness and trCmulous
ness he said rs he closed his address
(which led the greater European State
to increase from year to year their nava
and military armaments till in 10l
there were some who seemed to wish 70
war in the hope that the decision
was to bring would put an end to costl
preparations for It, The price has bee
paid, but the result desired has no
been attained"