The Washington herald., 1921-12-01
Japan and China to Discuss
Shantung Outside Parley
Hughes and Balfour to Sit in at Conference
Between Tokyo and Pekin Delegations
in Role of Mediators.

terence for Germany in the entire
Shantung province.
On November IS. 1905. a conven-
ton was signed between China and
Germany whereby the latter agreed
TO withdraw her troops at Kiao-
chow and Kaomi to Tsing-tao and
to leave the railway zones com
pletely under the supervision and
protection OF the Chinese local
authorities. and police officers"
On July 20. 1911. an agreement
was entered into between the pro-
vincial authorities of Shantung and
the Chino-German Mining Company.
whereby the mining areas OF Fan
gtze. Tzechwang and Chinlingchen
were delimited.
Rail Rights to Germany
BY an exchange of notes. Decem-
her 81, 1918. between the German
Minister and the Chinese Minister
of Foreign Affairs, the right OF
contraction of railway from
Kaomi to Hanchuang and Of another
railway from Tsinsnfu to Shun
tehfu was granted to Germany.
Before Germany had time enough
to enjoy all these economic privi-
leges which had been wrested from
China, the European war broke out,
which has resulted. as we have
known. in the complete ousting OF
German interests from Shantung.
The war has. therefore. complicated
the Shantung question.
on August l5. 1914. Japan. allied
to Great Britain delivered an ulti-
matum to Germany. calling upon
the latter to withdraw immediate
ly" German armed vessels from
the Far Eastern waters and to
deliver on date not later than
september Is to the Imperial Jap
anese authorities. without condition
or compensation. the entire leased
territory Of kiao Chow. with a
view to the eventual restoration OF
the same to China" The ultimatum
was to expire August %. 1914.
Threatened Chinn's Neutrality.
On August "a. failing to hear
from Germany. Japan declared war
upon her Military operations by
Japanese forces joined later by a
contingent of British colonial
forces. were begun early in No
Vember. II should be remembered
that China was then neutral
country on equally friendly terms,
country. on equally friendly terms.
well as to Japan. The commence
ment Of military operations by the
NnElo-Japanese forces against
TSingtao and the German leased
territory threatened the neutrality
of China. As saving device.
china established on September >.
a special military area within
which the belliGerent powers were
to carry on their hostile operations.
Tsingtao was captured carly In
November. and the German forces
surrendered on November :. 1914.
and the AnElo-Japanese forces oc-
cupied the entire leased territory in
the middle of the month.
During the war. Japan deliber-
ately violated the neutrality of
China and encroached upon her
sovereignty. In the first place. she
landed her troops at Lungkow 100
miles outside of the delimited mill
tary area. Then. under the pre-
text of military necessity"-the
same preteNt which Germany used
in invading Belgium. Japan seized
the Shantung Railway from Klao
Chow to Tsinanfu, the capital of
Shantung. And still worse was the
fact that. after the reduction Of
Tsingtao. Japan converted her mill
tary administration into civil ad-
ministration, and extended il to all
the Interior parts of ShantunE. thus
violating the territorial sovereignty
of China.
Japan's Twenty-one Demands
On January IS. 1915, Japan pre-
sented twenty-one demands on Chi
ma, the first group OF which re'ated
to the disposition of German rights
and concessions in Shantung after
the war. According TO the 1915
treaties and notes, entered into as
a result OF the twenty-one demands,
China was to give her full consent
to whatever arrangement that ia
pan might make with Germany in
regard to her Shantung rights. and
TO grant to Japan the right TO con
struct a railway from Chefoo or
Lungkow to connect with the XII
sochow -Tsinanfu railway. On the
other hand. Japan engaged herself
to restore the German leased terri
tory to China on the condition that
a. the whole Of Kiso-Chow Bay
Vas to be opened as commercta,
port. CD a concession under the ex-
elusive jurisdiction of Japan was 70
be established at a place designated