davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27

credit merchants whose methods clearly set
forth in the inquiry Of the Texas A. & NJ college.
A banker in Tyler distinguished himself for lib
erality in loanng money to cooperating farmers at
8 per cent. This when cotton about 9
cents, farmers price, the average yield being less
than a third of a bale to the acre and farm loans
were about IL per cent. This banker declared that
the states commerce and industry rested upon the
prosperity of the farmer, and that the banking in
terests~ should use every effort in their behalf
leading wholesale merchant, noted for his fair deal
ing and public spirit, talked to me with much frank
ness.
''They used to say when the war was over," he
said, "that when the niggers were emancipated
they free. Not at ALL my friend. Some of
them, who had nothing, were free as long they
had nothing, but they had something
they were slaves again. Do you catch the idea?
My father owned many slaves, but tell you that I
have owned more negroes than my father had
his plantation And they were not all negroes
either, that I owned, and that these credit
chants own. Understand me? Most of the white
farmers owned by the who hold the mort
cages their land, their stock, their tools and
their crops. Pm out of it-got out of it years
ago-and want to tell you that there's no hope
for the farmers of this country until they, too,
get out of it. It's all wrong, and I'd like to it
righted."
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27

are now about even. Children used to
walk a couple of miles to school, bare
foot, without their dinners. Now they
have shoes and carry dinners. We are
going to consolidate and have better
schools. The church here at Sand
Flat-new name is Antioch-had
preaching once month and the
preacher was to get $150 a year, but
didn't. Now we have preaching twice
a month, and the minister gets his pay
in cash. Better schooling and four
weeks more of it, and better religion
and more Of it. And the most of US
are out of debt and the rest are getting
out. We are seeing the light of.
day."
This is but half the story, but it is
enough to show that the Texas farm
er is getting out of debt and seeing
the light of day. It means better
farming, better business, more money
in the banks, and general prosperity.
The Sand Flat church and school are
types of rural Texas.
**Sorry is the southern term for unfor-
tunate, poor, miserable.
***In 1917 the legislature passed an act
providing for incorporation of farmers CO.
operative societies. Chap. 1913. &
*"+*The cotton gin and sawmill are usually
combined in Texas and calleda ginmill.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27

Mr.. Bramhall's first article told how
Texas farmers had virtually been made
poems by the oppressive and made
quate farm credit system. White as
we'll as negro farmers were victims.
The exploiters did not draw the color
line in selecting victims. The author
found white. farmers organizing in an
attempt to do something to remedy the
situation, and it is remarkable that he
found these farmer co-operators TAX
ing in colored as we'll as white farm
ers. If the exploiters did not draw the
color line, why should, the exploited?
He found creditors taking 10 to 40 per
cent interest annually from small farm
ers for financing then-rates of inter-
est that no business can stand, let alone
farming. He found so-called 'credit
merchants" who advance supplies to
small farmers, adding from 10 to 60 per
cent to the regular cash prices of the
goods, which of course is the same as
charging that rate Of interest for cred
it. Organization, economic and politi-
cal, is the solution of the farmers prob
lem everywhere, as we'll as in Texas.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27
FARMERS TELL STORY
OF THEIR ORGANIZATION

The more heard about this credit trade business
the more wanted to see the farmers themselves,
out of the shadow of the courthouse and hear from
their own lips the story of their troubles and their
hopes. This not easy to arrange, for the farm
ers are wary of strangers AS soon, however, as
they were convinced that was not an agent of the
credit merchants, all difficulties were removed.
One hot Sunday afternoon R. l.. Curry, one of
the organizers of the Red Springs Farmers club,
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27
COOPERATION GOT THEM
OUT OF DEBT, THEY SAY

The brother farmers silently nodded assent. I
do not think met so silent and determined a
body of farmers.
"What have you done ?" asked. "What has the
cooperative association done for you?"
"We don't claim to have done any big things, but
the best is that cooperation has got us out of
debt and is keeping out of debt and at the same
time it saves us money. Very few of members
now trade at the credit stores and soon there will
be none at all. We have community canning
outfit, and that is great help. We buy our cans
wholesale and we bring fruit and vegetables to
the cannery, do our own work, and go back home
with supply of canned stuff to last all winter.
Next season we expect to have surplus to sell.
We bought a carload of cotton seed and that saved
us lot of money, and we bought seed corn also,
and have arranged with nursery for our trees.
We bought hay baler and grain and peanut
thresher, which run from farm to farm and
DO our threshing. Just figuring on
gin and sawmill**** which we propose to set
up near the center Of the community to saw our
Lumber and bale cotton. With the help of the
A. & M. college we hope to have cotton-classer
OF our own which will make us more independent
when it comes to marketing"
''What about social benefts-your schools and
churches?"
"The schools have increased, both white and
black The negro school used to be larger but they
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27
rCondn sandW
Themsev Article by Mr. Brmha

previous article the author, a Chicago journalist,
told deporable economic conditions he found in farming
districts recent visit through the South, particularly
Texas this concluding article he tells how
helped themselves to better conditions by
operation which, with their vote organized and eff
getting right laws is the solution of the farmers
problem everywhere.
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27
BY JOHN T. BRAMHALL

EXAS merchants are not all sharks,
by any means, nor are all the bankers
Shylocks. There are men of standing
and influence in the Lone Star state,
and in the South generally, who disap-
nrove of the nractices of the class of
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27

ants Pay off, said, and start on cash basis,
right now Perhaps was too harsh, but I had made
up my mind to 60 right down to the bottom. l
didn't want my farms to be an all-cotton
SYSTEM with the men always in debt.
eve farmers had read about rural credits and
we asked Mr. Ousley, of the A. G. M college, to
show a way out. We called meeting and Mr..
Ousley came, and Lawyer Jones Of Tyler. 1t was
had our meeting in the Red Springs church. That
is no town, but in the woods. There were 20 farm
ers there, and not half dozen overcoats among
them. We a sorry#* crowd Our speakers
told us about the farmers cooperative societies
and we sat and thought it over-didn't do any talk
ing. The next week we made out legal papers and
organized the Red Springs Farmers club, and the
cooperative association. It's charter has been in
dorsed by the supreme court of the state*** The
club does the talking, and the association does the
business And I want to tell you, there isn't one
among us who thinks we made any mistake. How
is that, brothers?"
The nonpartisan leader., 1921-06-27

*The leading shipper of peaches, toma-
toes potatoes has a practical monopoly. In
this way trade is systematized.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07
RIvERTON

fVF94sS'4s34sts5st
Nugent Metal Works positively
guarantees Rudy furnaces to remain
permanently tight-no smoke OF
dust can come thru your registers.
adv. p82tf
Ezra Fjeldsted has gone to- Port
land, Ore, from there he will 60 to
Seattle, Wash. and then on to
Chicago. -al
Miss Ivy Short .1s at. the C.. q.
Crawford ranch fora short time.
Miss Short will visit; school this week
and her many friends will give her
hearty welcome. s.sas =
Ben Robinson has gone to Poca-
tello on business. sssa M VII
The Parent-Teacher association
was reorganized with Edgar Field
sted as president and j. L. Robert
son secretary-treasurer.
Miss Myrtle Carmen was at the
home Of Mrs. Mollie Miller on Tues
day evening as her guest.
Chesly Robinson has gone to town
to work for G. j. Wright.
Edgar Fjeldsted has gone to-
Mackay, where he will bring back
a thousand head of cattle. Part Of
them will be fed on the Fjeldsted
ranch, part will go to Aberdeen and
the balance to Cache Galley.
Mrs. John Christensen has left for
Brigham City, where she expects to
stay for the winter.
Will kirkpatrick is down from the
hills with cattle and is feeding at the
w. W. Stephens ranch.
Mrs. Edgar Fjeldsted went to |
Preston to visit her daughter, who |
is going to school there.
John and Jim Christensen have
moved to Gibson, where they will |
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07
INDIAN MYTHS
The Beginning Of Birds
fRlarkfookN asu.s -,

- f\AOCVJ sfH'Ae5tessiF
n very early times, the red child
rep believe, there were no birds. An
-fthis is the way they account for thei
beginning: afF
All SUMNER the trees Il had been full
Of leaves, shaking, Whispering, dane
ing, as the winds blew upon them
TT wish might fiy," said one iittl
Leaf. "fwould 30 sailing straight ul
kinto the heavens, But the tree hold
me tightly; cam Saano +. get away"
II the tree should let you, 60, 70,
would only fall to the ground ant
die" said q bigger leaf. st is better
to be content as you are. s,''7.
So the. leaves fiuttered and danced
and whispered one to. another, day
after day. n iit I
One morning the wind was. cold
and the leaves had to dance fast to
keep warm Then the old tree said
Tits the breath of Po-poon-o-ki. He
lives in the ice lodge of the far
north. He will soon visit us with his
war paints. / must hold you tightly,
little leaves, as long as l can" But
the little leaves did not understand
what the tree meant.
Then, one still night, Po-poon-o-k
came. He went from tree to tree,
and over each one he splashed his
war paints, till the leaves were no
longer green, but dashed with red,
and brown, and yellow, and crimson.
"How beautiful the trees are!"
cried the Indian children the next
morning. "See their bright colors."
For few days the leaves danced
and whispered, laughing over their
beautiful hues. Then Po-poon-o-ki
came back, and with his swift, cold
breath, he blew against the trees,
and the little leaves were tossed and
torn from the friendly branches.
They did not fly up into the heavens,
but frightened and sobbing they
dropped to the earth.
eve shall die!" they cried, 1--WE
shall die!"
Then a strange thing happened.
The guardian spirit of the tree
whispered, mo, little leaves, you
shall not die. You shall be changed
into living forms. l will give you
breath and life" And instantly
there arose from the earth where the
leaves had dropped, great flock Of
winged birds, red, and yellow, and
brown and crimson, all the beautiful |
colors that Po-poon-o-ki had given |
the leaves. Then they few away to |
the south land, where winters |
breath could not reach them.
But in the spring, when Nippon
o-ki, the spirit of summer, came
stealing up from the south, and Pc
poon-o-ki went back to his ice lodge
in the far north, then the birds came
back, too. There were new leaves
On the trees, but the birds flew
straight to the branches. which had
been their home, and there, safely
sheltered by the new leaves, they
built their nests.
And after awhile, when there were
Eggs in all the home nests, the hearts
II the birds became so full Of joy
hat they could no longer be silent.
their Threats swelled, and opening
vide their little mouths. they filled
II the air with brusts Of happy
ong. Indian. Nature Myths by Julia
barrow CoWles, copyright and pub
lshed by A. Flanagan Company,
!hicago. 81
Automobiles are making no head
'ay in their disputes with locomo-
ives for the right Of way at the road
rOssings, Detroit Journal FI
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

Ships, can now be operated by
wireless, but operating the ship Of
state still requires more or less wire
pulling. Indianapolis Star.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

| The Story Of
| Our States
! By JONATHAN BRACE
:! XL.-MONTANA
| IHzsM TIT on "s Of
/; MAtNaZA Montana his
!; inks lVes..s tory immedi-
!; HA6 &Iej ately brings
!: WSf W to mind the
/; WSs::I Custer Mas
; sacre as one
? of the most dramatic incidents
in Indian warfare. It occurred
: In 1875, the Centennial year,
when special emphasis was be-
ing laid on the cause of peace
throughout the world. The
Sioux Indians had been driven
into Montana by the gold miners,
and the United States govern
ment took steps to force them
back into their reservations. Gen.
eral Custer, with less than 300
men! set out to round up the
tribes which were on the war
path, and at the Little Bighorn
river, was ambushed by Sitting
Bull and 5000 warriors. Custer
and all his troopers were killed.
Soon after this massacre the In
dams were defeated and many
OF them fed to Canada.
Gold was discovered in Mon
tana as early as 1852 by the half
breed Francois Finlay near He'll
Gate river. This, however, Gre
ated little stir and It wasn't un-
til five years later when John
Silverthorn discovered gold in
quantities, that mining settle
ments Sprang up In the noun
tains. This region had been part
OF Nebraska territory, which in
1858 was slbdivided and became
a portion Of Idaho territory. The !
next year it was organized as
the separate Territory of Mon
tana.
Virginia City was the capital
and here in 1865 was issued the
Montana Post, the first newspa- +;
per Of the state. In 1874 the ;
capital was changed to Helena
and ten years later state con- !
stitution was adopted. The state I
was not taken into the Union, !!
however, until 1889. I;
Montana comes from the Span !;
ish adjective meaning ''moun- !;
famous" Its area is 146,996 !:
square miles, making it the third !:
largest state of the Union. I
(@ by Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate.)
4 II
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

| The Story of
| Our States
!; By JONATHAN BRACE
/; XXXVI.-NEVADA
| 1a> Nn =. ansa,. =
J: I: I: 4 !
; ~ &A elective
q! Ell Snowy" and
WSg.s.lSW the Sierra
W0S New adas,
those lofty mountains which sep
arate the State from California.
Most Of the history Of the state
centers In this Western section,
near the Sierras, and it is here
that all of >Nevada's principal
cities are located.
The first white man to cross
the present state was the Fran.
ciscan Monk, Father Cares, who
made his way across the deserts
to California in 1775. In 1925
Peter s. Ogden Of the Hudson's
Bay company discovered the
Humboldt river, which is some
times called Ogden river after
him.
The next memorable trip
across the state was that by
Fremont in 1843, when he went
to California at the time Of the
outbreak Of the Mexican war.
It was this war which in 1S4S
resulted in Mexico ceding a large
area to the United States, Of
which Nevada was a part. When
this was organized into terri
tories, the Territory Of Utah ex-
tended to California. The West
ern Inhabitants, however, were
left to their own resources and
accordingly organized their own
government. Resenting the at.
tltude Of Utah they petitioned
to be annexed to California.
In 1859 the Comstock Lode
was discovered and Nevada had
it's own mining boom. Popula-
ton Immediately grew by leaps
and bounds and in 1861 Nevada
was formed into a separate ter
ritory. Later, portions Of Utah
were added and the lower part
of the state was taken from Ari-
iona. Petitions for statehood
were made but it was not until
1854 that Nevada became the
thirty-sixth state Of the Union.
Though Nevada ranks sixth
in size with its area Of 10000
square miles, 1t has the smallest
population Of any of the 48 |
states. Between 1900 and 1900
there was marked decrease ii
the population due to the falling !
off Of mining industry.
20 by Mcclure Newspaper syndicats.) !
- 4
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

.'s"s's.'e's"s.s'.
t The Story of
| Our States
!; By JONATHAN BRACE
| XLIII.-WYOMINC
q !: !; ! !: !: !: 4 7 !:
ANS$M ! oming that
Mrs&.X Nm falls the hon
! Hsf &NI EN or Of being
M XII the first state
: M EoN to grant equal
WESs !SLN litical
A rights to
women. In fact when congress,
In 1868, created the Territory Of
Wyoming from parts of Dakota,
Utah and Idaho, a constitution
was adopted which gave women
the right to vote.
There were rumors Of early
Spanish explorations in Wyoming
but they seem unfounded by
fact. Probably the first white
men to visit this part Of the
country were Sieur de la Veren-
deze, and his sons who passed
through this region in 1743 in
search Of locations for trading
posts. In 1904 the Yellowstone
was first visited by hunters, al
though the fame Of its scenic
beauty was not given much Gre
dence until 1870 and It was set
aside as a federal reserve in
1872.
The first permanent fort in
Wyoming was erected in 1884
where the Laramie river flows
into the Platte. Later when the
stream Of immigrants passed
through this region on their way
to the California gold fields a
string Of forts were erected
along the Oregon Trail to pro-
tect the travellers from attacks
BY the hostile Sioux Indians.
Through Wyoming went not
only the Oregon Trail, which
was opened up by Lieutenant
Fremont and his guide, Kit Car
son. in 1912, but also the Salt
Lake Trail. Along these routes
many travellers crossed Wyo- :
ming, but few stopped and set
tied there as the country was !
the most arid Of all our states I:
The discovery Of gold in 1867 !
led to the founding Of South /?
Pass City and in the same year |
cheyenne was laid out by the ]
Union Pacific Railroad company. |
wyoming became the forty !.
fourth state of the Union in 1890 |
and is eighth in size with an /:
area Of 1884 square miles. {:
W by Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate,
4
4. IL. SlaytOn of Firth spent Fri
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07
MINING INDUSTRY IMPROVING

| MINING INDUSTRY IMPROVING
That the mining industry OF Idaho
has taken on a brighter look, is the
report coming from Mackay follow
ing the receipt there of a telegram
from L. R. Eccles, president of the
Idaho Metals company of Ogden
stating that the copper mines will
resume work there in the very near
future.
Ray Weber, who has been con-
tonued as mine superintendent since
the formation of the Iaho Metals
company new concern which was
formed from the Empire Copper
company, has received instructions
to put the compressor and other
equipment in shape for immediate
use.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

!, r.. II. Slayton Of Firth spent Fri
day in Blackfoot on business.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

make their home In the future, hav.
+ ing purchased q ranch there. m
Frank Hunter and family have re.
turned from q very pleasant trir
thru Utah, having visited at Ameri.
can Fork and other points.
/ Wallace Wright went to Pocatello
on Saturday to look after business
interests which he has there.
Oliver Kofed and family have re-
turned from Soda Springs and other
points,, where they have been the
passed week visiting Mrs. Kofed's
parents and friends,
Melvin Hansen gave Halloween
party <on Monday night, all the boys
were invited, refreshments were
served and a witch was in attendance
and played many FRANKS on the boys
which they were not looking for. All
reported having had very fine time.
Jessie Wheeler, the little boy who
was run over about month ago, is
Just able to be up now and in a few
days expects to be able to move
about on scrutches.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07
7 QUILL get somewhere

Prince Albert II
sold In toppy rcd
bags. tidy rcd fins.
handsome pound
and holt pound tin
huniidors and infhs
pound crystal glass
h n m i'd or with
sponge moistener
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-11-07

Automobiles are making no head
way in their disputes with locomo-
tives for the right Of way at the road
crossings.-Detroit Journal,
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1921-01-27

The annual convention of the In
termountain Fair and Racing asso-
citation, will be held at Salt Lake
City Thursday ad Friday OF this
week, The fairs In eastern oregon,
Washington, Montana. idaho and
Utah will be represented. All the
principal phases OF fair work will be
discussed. The Cache County Fair
association will be represented by
President George Dunbar. Vice Pres
ident p. M. Vaughan and Secretary
M. r. Hoyey. Mr. George Smith and
VIM. Walton will also attend as they
are interested in the discussion Of
harness races and concessions. The
Officers of the Cache County Fair as
ISOLATION will also meet with the
committee Of the state legislature on
revenue and taxation with reference
to House Bill No. . which provides
for an increase in county levies for
fair and advertising purposes.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1921-01-27

According to an ordinance recent
ly passed by the city commissioners
people living in certain sections OF
the city will be required TO keep the.
sidewalks clean during the winter
months The district covers both
sides of Main street from First South
to Second North; Center street from
Main street to First West; the south
side of Center street to First East;
+ lrst North street from Main 10
First West. and the north side OF
the street on First North from Main
to First East; also both sides OF
Federal Avenue. Thls ordinance viii
be strictly enforced and all property
owners must give heed to this mat
ter or they win be hailed before
Judge Bullen.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1921-01-27

"The Three Twins" the grand old
musical comedy which is being pre-
scented by the American Legion OPP
era company of Ogden at Nibley Hall
for the second time Friday. January
2S, is sure to be great attraction,
according 10th ose who are in
charge of the performance. The OPP
era was presented here on January
8 and the house sold out before pat
rons had the opportunity to &c,
seats. The return performance will
take place tomorrow night and those
who did not see this splendid pro
duction two weeks ago can now sec
IL again.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1921-01-27

: Death came to Mrs. Elizabeth @
King at the home Of her daughter.
Mrs Peter Nelson at $50 North Third
West in this city ON Tuesday even
ing She was sixty nine years old
and has been Ill for some time with
dropsy and heart trouble. She was
an old resident of Millville and had
resided in Utah for fifty-two years.
Her husband Mr.. John King preceded
her to the great beyond. but she
leaves seven children and many
friends to mourn her loss. The fun
eral services will be held in Mill
Vile tomorrow (Friday) at D. m.
and Interment will take place in the
Melville cemetery.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1921-01-27

Commencing Saturday. January
29th and every Tuesday, Thursday
and Saturday thereafter. free dances
will be given at the wigwam from
s O'Clock until II o'clock p. m. Mon
day. Wednesday ami Friday even
ings are reserved for private parties.
To avoid disappointment make reser-
vations early. Advice
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1921-01-27

Seats for TIE THREE TWINS"
are on sale at the Mems Shop.
Phone 204 and order your seats be-
fore they are all gone. Late cars
both north and south after the per-
Torrance. Remember the place and
date, Nibley Hall. Friday, January
I2s. Prices s1.s5. $1.1O and 75c in
Guiding war tax. Adv