davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
BELIEF HAS NO FOUNDATION
Conjunction Of the Rising Of the Dog
Star and the Sun Doesn't Bring
Extreme Heat.

DOG days" was the name given by
astronomers to the 20 days before and
20 days after the rising Of the dog
star, or Sirius, with the SUM-: This
period is reckOned at present from the
Sd of July to the 18th Of August.
For years it was the accepted opin-
ion that this conjunction Of the rising
of the dog-star and the sun was one
Of the causes for the extreme heat of
the SUMMER. This conjunction, how
ever. does not occur at the same time
III all ATTITUDES, nor is it constant in
the same region for long period ;
hence there is much variation as to
the limits Of the dog-star period.
It Is a mere coincidence that the
rising Of Sirius and the sun occurs
during the hottest season Of the year
just now. In time, astronomers say,
it will take place in the midst Of win
ter.
Sirius is called the dog-star because
it is the brightest lumirfary in the con-
stellation "canis major" or Greater
Dog.-Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
ANYWAY, PROPELLER IS GONE
Dispute Now Is Whether It Was Torn,
Bitten, or Blown OF, But 1t
Is Missing.

What happened to the starboard
propeller of the United Fruit liner Cal
amares, recently arrived at New York
from Central American ports and Ha-
vaha, puzzled her skipper, officers and
passengers, who discussed the mystery
since the ship threw fit on the after
noon of Wednesday, January 10, IN
the placid Caribbean and started wab-
bling, heaving, pitching, tossing, rolling
and doing other things that no healthy
ship does all at the same time.
Capt. Harry Spencer stopped the
liner and the chief engineer examined
the starboard propeller. He found
that one Of the blades had been torn,
bitten or blown off. Some surmised
that a sea serpent might have nibbled
at the propeller and others said out
right there was no doubt steel-eat-
ing Caribbean shark had bitten Oft the
blade.
Captain Spencer derlded these the
cries, declaring the blade had been
blown off by the force Of subaque-
Gus earthquake, as the Calamares be-
gan rocking violently a moment after
the mysterious force was first felt.
And there the matter rests.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
'SKEPTlCIsM OUT OF PLACE
No Announcement Of Scientific Dis.
covery May Today Be Looked
Upon as Fantastic.

That the butterfly contains within it.
self what Huxley would have called
the promise and potency Of the cure
Of tuberculosis and perhaps Of other
malignant plaques might seem fantas-
tic proposition were it not for our
memory of it's antecedent, remarks the
North American Review. It is now
about SIS years since Pasteur perceived
In the fermentation Of beer and wine
the principle which emboldened him
to declare that we should one day learn
to eliminate all communicable diseases
from the world. Blot, Dumas and
other veterans of science were incredu-
lous. But crying "Travaillier! tour
jours travaillier!" the young master of
them all proceeded to cure first the
sickness" of beer and wine,- then the
''silkworm disease" then formidable
poultry pestilence, then one Of the
deadliest plaques of cattle.
Having thus worked his way up in
the scale Of life, he addressed him
self by the same methods to the saliva
ton of man from what had been re-
garded as the most hopeless and hor-
rible Of diseases, rabies, and thus
opened the way Of Lister, Of Koch, Of
Finlay and Carroll, and to all the I'M
speakably beneficent wonders Of the
science of bacterial therapeutics. If
thus Pasteur found in an atom Of yeast
the cure for rabies, typhoid, cholera,
malaria, yellow fever, diphtheria and
bubonic plague, there is no occasion
for skepticism when his disciple, Metal
nikow, suggests that in the larva Of
a butterfly may. be found the cure
for other pestilences.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Kept 1t Up Too Long.

One day at community sing
we were instructed to sing a round.
As this was the first round had ever
sung had great difficulty in carrying
the tune with my set. To make it
easier, I put my fingers in my ears
so that I wouldn't hear the other d.
visions singing. Imagine my embar-
rassment when, taking my fingers from
my ears, discovered had been sing
ing about minute after the others
had stopped, and that they were all
sitting there laughing ut MEEK
change.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
NOW DEMAND PIPE POCKETS
Philadelphia Newspaper Declares Up.
to-Date Women Insist on Them In
Their Garments.

New suits will have to possess a
novel feature If up-to-date young wom'
en- are to be satisfied. The pipe pocket
should be considered in creating all
feminine garments of the future.
Perhaps it is the effect Of gaining
the suffrage, so that they feel they
must 20 on to wider, freer conquests,
but, anyway, certain it is that the girls
are getting tired Of cigarettes and are
turning to good old-fashioned corncob
pipes as solace for the languors Of
modernity, says the Philadelphia
Ledger.
Some time ago several young women
In New York decided that cigarettes
were too expensive, and that they
ought to join the great world move
ment for financial conservation by sub
stltuting pipes for the more delicate
Joy. But at that time ordinary pipes
were not tried, usually small, ladylike
ones being selected.
Now, however, substantial corncobs,
cheap, picturesque and nonbreakable,
are the fayorites.
1.-THE corncob pipe is unpretentious,
respectable and conservative" one OF
the corncob devotees explained. MANY
of our great-grandmothers smoked
corncobs. Especially Is this true OF
those Of us who had southern great
grandmothers. There is something
like Bolsheviki about cigarette, but
we feel that in smoking cOrncobs we
will be back on the sure foundation of
good old-fashioned Americanism. The
people who are always lamenting the
good old days will be pleased, and Will
feel that the country is saved"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
BEST TEMPERATURE OF MILK
Only Way to Insure Accuracy In Feed
ing Calves Is Thorough Use
of Thermometer.

Milk as 1t comes from the COW DOS
sesses a temperature near 100 de-
Grees Fahrenheit. When feeding young
calves it is we'll to be very particular
In regard to this matter. The only
way to insure accuracy in determining
temperature Is through the use of n
thermometer. AS calves grow older,
eight to ten weeks of age, the tenn
perature may be reduced to 80 de-
grees Fahrenheit However, it is al
ways desirable to warm the liquid ra-
ton slightly, even for calves six
months of age.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Take "Movies" Seriously.

Moving pictures are marvel to the
South Sea islanders, according to
recently returned visitor to that por-
ton of the globe. The tragic part OF
the film is too much for the natives,
he said, and there is so much weep
ing and grooming that man has to
20 UP in the gallery and tell them
that it will all come out all right in
the end. Thus assured, the audience
proceeds to wipe up and watch for
further developments, and when the
heroine is rescued and the villain is
thwarted. pandemonium breaks loose,
for the people not only shout, but
dance with JOY.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
SILK Chemises for Dusky Bellies.

Lurid purple silk chemises, size 81,
are becoming popular with the dusky
bellies along the African Congo, ac-
cording to an announcement by Chi
cago mail order house.
The FIRMS foreign department an
nounced the notification Of safe ar
rival from Chief -Angogo in the Bel
gian Congo Of a recent order for such
undergarments for II Of the chiefs
fuvorite wives. Because of the color
and size, it was necessary to have
them made to order.
1.-THE results are quite satisfactory,
however" the chief wrote,
! With the chemise order came funds
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Twenty. Years In Forestry.


The Yale forest school has just
celebrated its second -decennial re-
union and the twentieth anniversary
of its founding, says the American
Forestry Magazine. Over one hun
bred alumni and students, or approx
imately 20 per cent Of those who have
received professional instruction at the
school attended the reunion. OF the
twelve leading forest schools ten are
under the direction Of Yale men, and
eleven have Yale graduates In their
faculties. In addition, forestry is
taught as a subject at four other in
stitutions by Yale graduates. In all.
43 men from this institution are en-
gagged in training professional for
esters in America.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
.---,E4T-t,'s..
DAIRY
POINTS
KEEPING MARKET MILK COOL
Product Held for Several Hours With
out Proper Refrigeration Shows
High Bacterial Count.

Generally, the larger numbers of
bacteria found in market milk when it
reaches the consumer are due more to
the multiplication Of the bacteria than
to the original contamination. This
great multiplication occurs because
the milksis not properly cooled during
storage, transportation and delivery.
Just now this fact is Of particular i'm
portance to the person having milk
to sell.
Commercial experience confirms the
results Of experimental work. Milk
which has been held for several hours
without proper refrigeration nearly
always shows higher counts than fresh
milk from the same source. At
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Bad Omen to Dream Of Devils.


To dream Of seeing devils is bad
omen for the sick. For the young 1t
denotes grief, melancholy, anger, sick
ness. Devils with horns, claws, tails,
etc. or with pitchfOrk, torment. des-
pair. To fight with a devil, peril. To
talk with one in n familiar manner,
danger near at hand, despair, and
sometimes loss Of life. To be carried
Off by a devil is a warning of great
misfortune. To be possessed by a
devil, great favor from one In power,
long and happy life. To be pursued
and fly from a devil, fear. persecution
from man in power. law troubles. To
beat and conquer one, triumph over an
enemy, glory.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Motion Pictures In Java.

The motion picture business in Java
appears to be expanding rapidly, &C
cording to the American consul at Ba-
tavia. American pictures are increas-
ingly popular; the types best liked arc
big features, comedy, news and travel
films. No film Of less than five reels
makes great success. The pictures
which attract the native audiences are
those Of the action and adventure
type, while the European and Ameri-
can audiences usually prefer we'll
acted drama Of the type most popular
in America.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Great Expectations.

"WhO is the mysterious stranger
who has upset punkville?"
'The boys think he's a baseball
scout, while the girls hope he's round
ing up beauties for moving picture
concern. Courier-Journai
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
FEED cow QUITE LITERALLY
Siage, MangIes, Rutabagas and Other
Root crops-Should Have Abund-
ance Of Feed.

The COW should be fed literally on
succulent feeds, as silage. mangles, rut-
abagas or other root crops. They in
.duce the COW to consume large amounts
Of feed. which is desirable. Then, too,
feeds Of this kind are very palata-
bic and easily digested.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
Rebuked,

The prospective. employer looked the
applicant over carefully.
And now" he said, "about the SAL
airy; what would you expect2".
"Oh, couldn't consider less than
$4,000 a year," said the applicant.
''You don't understand me-" said the
employer. II don't want to buy you;
l only want TO- rent the use Of YOU"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01
CALVES DO WELL ON PASTURE
Most Economical Manner of Caring for
~ Them, but They Must Have Ad-
ditiorai Attention.

Calves DO very Wci! on pasture and
can be cared for in this manner more
economically than in any other way
Care must be taken, however, to see
that they receive what additional care
is necessary. The calves of today are
the herds Of tomorrow.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01

certain creamery. milk received in the
morning consisted Of the previous
nights milk and fresh mornings milk
which were kept separate. During six
summer months, from April to Sep
TENDER, inclusive, ATS samples Of the
mornings milk showed an average
bacterial count of SOO,O2G, while 355
overnight on the farms had an aver
age bacterial content Of 240G,357 bac-
terra per cubic centimeter.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1921-04-01

for Shoes with watches in their toes"
rubber boots with copper toes, pink
silk stockings and several hundred
pounds of beads and brightly-colored
cotton goods.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30
LESSON NOTES
The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem

Having determined Go assert himself
ne the promised Messiah. and wishing
tn make this ASSERTION public Jesus
adopts very simple bat impressive
method ~ M doing H. ana his Ills.
fiplos approached near Jerusalem. and
ttopping ~ li,tl, yilliE' called B,th.
image. on the slope uf ihn Muust ~
olives. and near BETHANY. Jesus looked
down upon the c,iy pnniiug tu NJ. VII.
lag'. b. had" two of bis disciples tu gu
into h.. telling them that thpy would
find an ass tied. with her ,Olt h,.idu her
tn, =" they were io luus, Iud bring Co.
/ Jesus Jesus provides against thy uaju.
raj and probable ohi,r'iHn of me- ,syn.
,rs to th' appropriation off fh.iI prnp.
crtv. u is interesting hen, tH compare
Marks account with Matthew h'rord.
ing to both the dis,ipl's were io -.
muy, the OBJECTIONS 0f tho owner, sim.
/ PTS hy saving Tine Loud hath need -
! them According 60 Matthew De- says.
/ And stralghtway he will send lhrrr. ="
hat according o. Mark be- SAYS And
siflighiway he Uhat i~ the luun will
send him that Il the 'uiu back hiths,'
I Thus again We soc that one evangelist
gave one part 81 N" answer the othor
part. Jesus promises a. restore The prop.
I crfy when he WAS through with u.
which ~ course b. must have done. and
/ h. expressed cOufi,nc" that an his
statement Il his need - the animals
they would readily be- granted to him
/ The two disciples proceeded ON their
GRAND. and with thu consent ~ tha uy.u
crs brought 10" ass and ,di tD the
Master There was no saddle and they
laid som" garments lous' outer robes.
, upon the colt and Jesus sat upon ihos"
y was not uncommon In tn East Tor
royal pcrsonagrs % fd" upon mules 81
asges IN quiet p.ac,fu pro"caslons 90
Tor ordinary purposes. Jesus did not
com" a. e mighty congu.r-r. 80 he did
not ch'us" O. war hurs" with splendid
inppings Thus IN exact terms h. fui.
filled the prophecy ~ Zechariah 90.
ns quoted IN verse 3.
Th,S preparations made the notable
event now follows. IN some way the
news had spread. and a multitude had
gathered about Jesus Thc.. were met
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30

nv another coming out ~ the city. IN
IN. crowds were many who had accept.
I'd him NJ the Messiah. and realized
that h. was now claiming that dignity
A. b" slowly proceeded some spread
their garments upon tho ground for the
colt 10 walls upon others cat soft and
flat branches from the trees ana spread
ihrm boz The ruad Of course these ac.
lions were symbolic of rcsp"ct and ~.
y,rcnc, for the rlyal Person. II has not
been uncommon "a spread carpots or
other things upon steps and payemsnts
on royal aud even hrdll uccasionn. We
recall here The story uf huW Sir Walter
Raleigh laid dnVn his rich cloak upon
O. muddy plac" far Enrhnds queen 20
step upon.
d Besides This mark ~ respect the mul.
iitudo before and ishin1 luin,d In great
shouts ~ greeting ON" of ihe nrCllimS
WAS "llUTinnn tn 100. san uf David"
This word "hounua' BE- found In r1lm
iiN. 80. u b. really Boo tlc original a
prayer. agnIfyirr "ptr now" but aa
/ ibis Psalm was iIrt OF The great odo
rf rnis" sung 10 th' lusslytt Tho
word had in u'gI" ipkru on the -igui
ficanco ~ glldnrsH " Is noticeable that
the acclaim .s addressed iu Jesus us IN,
som of David THIS recognizes his Mrs
silhship Another lcrlim wps. "IilrSget
be- that cotrcth DO ~" name ~ ih'
Lord" This nlsn WINS recognition II nj.
/ N's.i. t'r lntdsh.p I'll" enthusiasm oi
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30
TorIc-JEsrs GREETED As KING

Golden TeNt - blessed J. he that
comrth In The name ~ the lord. Matt
sIS.
scripture Lesson. Matthew's: Lie
And whom they drew night unto
thc mount uf olives then Icfls sent
two disciples saying unto them. Go
into the village that IL over against you.
and FraightWay yc shall find ASS tied
and q code visa her. Loose them. and
bring them unto me. . And n amy one
say nughi unto YOU >. shall say The
Lord hath need NJ them. and straight.
way b" viii send them Now this h
come 81 PASS. that 1, might be- fulfilled
which was spoken through The prophet,
saying,
. Tel So tho daughter II Zion.
Behold ihy Kiug cometh unto thee
Meek. and riding upon nn ass
And upon a colt the foal - an asa.
6 And N, disciples went. and did even
as Jesus appointed them. and hrough,
the ass and the colt. and put un them
their garments. and be- sat therpupon.
And the most part N the muliitud'
spread their garments IN the way. and
others cut branches from the trees and
spread them IN the way. . And the mui
;itudcs that went before him. and that
followed cried. saying. Honnna Co the
son n David. blessed H. h. that comcth
In The name ~ thc Lord ii0anuh IN tho
highest 10 And when he was come int
Jerusalem. 40 the civ was stirred say
ng who ls ihis9 n And the mul'iiudes
said This u tho prophet. Jesus from
Nazareth of Calilee
Il And Jesus entered into the temple
70 Gud and east out an them that sold
and bought In the temple. and over
threw the tables ~ tho money. changers
and the seats of them that Sid m,
doves 10 and he saith unto them. II ..
written. Ny house shall be- called q
house - prayer bat So make II den
~ robbers - And The blind and th'
lame came a. him In The tcmpl, and
he healed them. 70 Rut when the chici
priests and the serihcs saw the wonder
ful things that he did. and the children
that were crying In IA" temple aud sly
INK. lloSinna "a the son ~ David they
were moved with indignation. 10 and
said unto him. lIearrst thou what These
are saying?
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30

We learn from the other evangellsts TOOK
place On the next day PASSING u over
for the present. We notice that Jesus en-
tered into the temple probably 10 mlng''
with the worshlpcrs and himself 70
worship. Blind and lame came 70 MN
there. and ln the hour 81 his triumph
b. ,ompasslonltcly healed them. h"Ss
followed within the sacred enclosure ana
along with their elders cried out no
uunl a. the son ~ David" THIS pro
,uk.l the wrath and criticism os ms,
religious leaders who had often opp"s"''
Jesus They asked him Il be- heard these
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30
INTRODUCTION.

Jesus was essentially modest and or.
posed to display His religion was To be-
simple. not spectacular Yet there Is In
human nature some demand for specta.
cles az a method % lmprcssing great
principles and dignifying great occas.
ions. rageants and professions have
been and reinain features of significant
historical and social events. To some cN.
tent Jesus On this occasion acc0mmo.
dates himself 20 this natural demand.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30

,hou,s They saw what the shouts Inn
,,,od and called on Jesus to disown and
rebukc them. In that supreme hour ne
asserted his right to receive this Kind
Il homage. and replies that he bo'h uh'
d,rs,noa and accepted II, rebuking MS
critics BY quoting from the Scripture
thai out of the mouth VI babes ana
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30
INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL
LESSON FOR TODAY.

while asserting his claim to BE- tho Mes
sinh
Tho tim" ~ commonly stated to b.
SUNDAY Boo the urly spring 4 - 3d.
tn" places wcr" Jerusalem. the Mount
NJ olives and BETHANY. thr home II
Martha Mary and Lazarus
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30

sucklIngs God had brought praise. When
thcse men rejected, trustful children &C.
iccptcd his claim. The children were
right. the critics wrong.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30

An authority on finance finds that
only one rich mans son In seventeen
dies rich.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-01-30

Golden TeNt - blessed J. lee that
comrth In the name ~ the lord. Matt
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-11-26
BRAND AT THE CONFERENCE

WASHINGTON
WaEh'"Sto" who
enlightened No c"
great army
p""o nS w"
fear Of future "eF"" '
''" mo
oopt..nc. on Frances intact
Germany Tor ""
and only BRAND couda nd words suitable EXPRESSION
the
m. debacs Of 1871 the Rh"" S" east
Franc. had cause she had "" since t"
alter her
sb. watched Germany building military
the s''S'"
with the S
miracle S'r" France ~
another miracle 1t NAV Ne h"'"
h" |"'oS' sTN"'
herself " ultimate" goal "'
and not
people better than All" " "'"
utmost
political
knows tn" minute aS 81 VIVA" !
taxing rce In Germany OF premier Brian"
france sees an"
naudb"H il
viewpoint >"' WIZ N0"'
D,.sr that the grounds France from Germany arc
Germany
invasion unit
The rre"'n
who Hive ON the banks OF
an" S"oNe"
We foods and prepared 20" ''em agar"
,,.,a " I" understand
hor" di$hs'd"s III" army The
, chamber has done its hstrons premier
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-11-26
THE PLEDGE OF THE WAR
MOTHERS

Emotion and zeal often cau% utter
a,o.s and syer pledges which IN the
tight Of lear reason would never nave
heen made. Such a thing happened IN
New York A few nays ago when the o.
ncial War Mother Of Great Britain ana
The ortcia; War Mother ot the United
states Joined hands at banquet ten
dered 70 the English lady. and made the
Following pledge:
Il pledge with all my heart anu
.oul that 80 long a. live l "iI
never raise ny hand again 70 assist
any armed conflict between ma
tons"
The two Official War Mothers were
carried away By their emotions 10 such
IAN extent that they surely did not fully
realize the force and the true meaning
of their pledge. A British lieutenant.
Rhe army aide 20 the British war
Mother said that a movement would
soon % started 70 pair OF Ensilsh
mothers with American mothers IN the
manner start I'D by the NO official War
Mothers
With tho Washington conference now
IN session trying 70 abolish "a far az
possible war and It's results. with news
papers crying out with ElarinE head
lines against the cost and horrors OF
var. with the recent solemn ceremonies
surrounding tho burla! 81 the Unknown
Colder, and with the bitter pangs or
war still In the hearts ~ mothers whose
sons fell IN Frame u IL no wonder that
iths emotions OF the TWO onicia! war
sIothers should carry them beyond the
bounds Of cold and clear reasoning. just
n. did the hardshtps and trials OF mill
NY life cause soldiers TO make absurd
=NrnArkB about enlistment IN another
war The next war Will be for officers
only" The war IL finished. 50 am /.
i"It will take more than national emer-
trency TO get me 10 enlist again. II
win 10 70 the pen before I will fight
again" "T'hell with war. I'm through
Tor life" are only a few Of the remarks
made In all scrIowsnesS by returning
aoldiers. but when Their emotions cooled
,dowr they were the hrst to realize that
Ar their country called they would be
che arst to respond.
II Ia so with the war Mothers. oven
those two who 80 recently took such :
aolernn pledge. What true American
woman could see her country invaded
hands laid waste r,t.cS destroyed. mon
women and children hutchered. without
raiainr her hand The War Mothers
or., not the only ones who abhor war.
bud Il Is ahsrA-d to think they Will at
trrhpt to abolish u H. sacrificing their
TO-.