Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1921-09-23

rose to. power, the giories Of Cyzicus
passed away. Today practically moth
ing is left of the once great city, foi
Byzantines and Turks alike used the
old buildings In the place of natural
quarries as sources of stone with
which TO build the latest metropolis OF
the Marmora and the Bosphorus.
Nicomedia. now Ismid, at the ex
IRENE eastern end of the Marm0ra
was another city of world Importance
Under the Emperor Diocletian 1t was
for brief time the capital Of Rome
and the world. Nicaea, just to the
south of Nicomedia and short dis.
lance inland, has three times been the
seat of empire. Twice the Turks, be
fore they reached Constantinople,
made 1t capital rivaling to degree
old Bagdad; and for more than half
the Thirteenth century, between lite
peaks Of Turkish brilllance. while the
Franks held Constantinople, 1t was the
capital of the Byzantine empire.
There, too, the Nicene creed. land
mark In the specialization Of Chris
tlhD theOiogy was framed.
Il Chalcedon, Rodosto, Heracleia PER-
inthos, Selymoria were other centers,
no mean cities in their day. which have
disappeared or dwindled TO insignih-
canoe. Thriving communities In al
most each case until the Turk APP
peared on the. scene, they have been
since touched with the blight to pros
perity and progress that Is said ever
to follow his steps.
Bosphorus Most Important.
Shorter and narrower than the Oar
daneIIes. the Bospherus. third link in
the chain of historic waters that sep
arates Asia Minor and Europe, Is per
hgps most important; 1t is the imme-
| diate gate to and from the great Black
| sea which reaches toward the heart of
southwest Europe. To dominate 1t Is
to dominate one Of the worlds great
| trade routes, fact which has been
put to good account from the days OF
pre- Byzantine Greeks to those of Sell
| juk Turks. The strait Is about twen-
| ty miles long and varies in width from
1900 feet or third of mile to two
miles, Darius chose not the narrows
| but a point at which the shores are
more than half-mile apart as the
site for his famous bridge Of boats.
The wafer in the Bosph0rus is over
100 feet deep. A mighty current flows
along the surface from the Black sea;
hut beneath the surface a return cur
rent of water flows in the reverse d.
rection. similar inbound current
flows from the Mediterranean to the
Sea of Marmora, furnishing for the
Black sen at least an answer to the
old query: Why Is the sea salt?
The Seljuk Turks recognized the
strategic Importance Of the BOsphorus;
and crossing 1t above OonstantInople
in 1852, built on the European shore
the old "Cut-throat Castle" only seven
miles above the city. With the Bos-
phorus in their control, they captured
the ancient capital the following year.
Until the conclusion Of the World
war and the adoption of the treaty OF
Sevres with defeated Turkey. the
Turks had sat for over 500 years as
the masters of the Bosphorus.
Many Nations Around Black Sea-
At the northern end of the Bosphor-
us lies the Black sea--a dark, forbid
ding ocean to the landsman and well
worthy Of its name. One wonders that
the early Greeks named 1t EuxinOs.
gignifying friendly to strangers" I'M
less they did so by way Of Offering
propitiatory complaint to the angry
sea god. Here we are dealing with
no small sea comparable in size to
our lakes. but with great expanse Of
water 750 miles long and from 200 to
400 miles wide, which would cover
Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama and
South Carolina and a considerable
part of Tennessee into the bargain.
Around the Black sea are now
grouped more nations than Its waters
have touched. perhaps, at any other
time in history. Just beyond the mar
row zone Of the straits and the tiny
patch to which Turkey-in- Europe has
shrunk, Greece. forging northward,
now has a strip Of the coast. Next
comes Bulgaria with a shoreline Il
about 100 miles; and beyond It lies
Roumania. occupying the greater part
OF the western end Of the sea Across
i the north stretches Russia, and In the
east lie Georgia and Armenia. Stretch
ing along the rocky south shore ID
Turkey-i n-Asia. Hardly less interest,"
| ed in the Black sea are Inland Austria,
| Czecho- SlOvakiA, Hungary. and Juge
| Slnvia, whose cemmerte seacAn ~