Arizona republican., 1921-08-28

the earth are proceeding already on the assumption that the conference win succeed in its aims. and are cut ting down or halting their military and naval programs. Reliable in- formation has reached American of ficials that Japan has halted work on her new naval construction. Great Britain has reduced her force of ma rines from S7.000 to about 17.00o and reduced her naval personnel to so.- 900. Other nations are following their examples to a greater or less extent.
 Conferences on the subject have been under way in the United States since before the election last autumn. Roughly, the expected outcome of the conference may be set down now. so far as America is concerned, from information obtained from the most relia ble official sources. American armaments are expected to be re- duced to 12 first line battleships in full commission, three squadrons of four ships each. divided between the Atlantic and Pacific. No limitations will be placed upon coast defenses. which by their character cannot be used extensively. The standing army will be reduced to between 60.000 and 75, 900 men. The other nations of the world Will agree to reductions in the same proportion. There will be a strong and definite limitation of the numbers of aircraft each nation may construct The use of deadly gases and submarines and their production
 will be rigidly prescribed.
 It is the belief of the statesmen behind the move for limiting world armaments that the greatest security | against future wars lies in holding | down professional armies and navies
 to the point where no sudden and tre- mendous offensive can be launched Tn
 the future. such as Germany lanncneo into Belgium in 1914. The time re- quired for preparations for war after
 a break between nations will be | counted upon to a large extent to
 allow the injured feelings of both to be smoothed down.
 Many Efforts at Peace
 The earliest effort at preserving peace recorded in history was made by the Amphictyonies more than 5O( 1 years before Christ. In 1923 one
 Emeric Cruce. or de Lacroix, wrote
 the "Nouveau Cynee." proposing that
 tn European world agree to the for
 nation of a permanent corps of am bassadors which would make Venice N it's headquarters. The votes of these lpIenipotentiaries were to settle al l ulSBuANS eAAto
 formed the basis of many brought
 forward in the intervening years
 down to the present time. Hugf
 Grotius, the first great writer on in
 ternational law, published a work IT
 1925 recommending the organization
 of Courts of Arbitration designed t'
 constrain the national parties to
 quarrel to agree to a settlement.
 The Duke of Sully in 1854 gave tt
 the world the program for a lont
 time attributed to King Henry ". O
 France. under the title of The Grea
 Design" It was proposed that all O
 Europe be divided into 15 states max ing up one great Christian republic War was to be prevented by con clave of 40 delegates meeting annual ly in the most centrally located citie' of the Is states in rotation
 1 The philosopher Kant proposed l plaris for perpetual peace in 11so. D! 5 the terms of whica, every nauoi . would become republican Tn forrn with the pooling of their militar' ] forces for the preservation of peace l, William Jennings Bryan, while secre , tarv of state. had a plan to diver ? military and naval appropriations Il 7 the United States to the constructor of highways. with the idea that tn 1 Tinted states, if invaded, would D ? defended by citizens armed "lI ' shotguns speeding over these road ' in automobiles to the point of attacf Ernest Landgrave, William fenr s John Bellers, Rousseau, Puftenoorl f and others worked fo, world peac ' without success. The Hague UT . hunals accomplished little. German O i'm fet4 showed the futility of treat agreements between nations, unles : there is some great compelling eco 1. homie force in the situation to max l observance of the treaty expeoleh n National selfishness cverrode ever n other consideration in the past Ma e tional poverty seems likely to orin l. about the accomplishment Vainl T striven for throughout the age'
 Kings. philosophers, diplomats an
 demagogues all have failed to sto n war. but when the common man say V nav to the tax collector. then war wi d stop, for a while, at least