davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30

means about 1880 tons of water to
the acre. That seems a preposterous
figure, but.the dodbter can'easily de-
monstrate. its correctness: Suppose
the American farmer had to haul the
water his ground must have to give
him a good crop( and that the dis
lance and freight rate were the same
as the average railroad haul and rate
in the nUited States. On that basis,
it would cost him more than $4,000
an acre to water his place.
"But not only would his water bill
be nearly half a million dollars on a
10O-acre farm, but his fertilizer bill,
also, would amount to neat little
sum. It is estimated that in the pro-
cess of normal evaporation, soil water
presents the rootless Of it's neighbor-
hood with about fourteen pounds of
ammonia a year to the acre. Also,
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30
DOLLARS AND CENTS
IN RAIN DROPS

Washington, D. Grain might
be looked upon as the oil which lub-
ricates the worlds economic machin-
cry" says bulletin issued from the
Washington, D. c., headquarters Of
the National Geographic Society in
connection with recent reports of
worldwide drought damage to crops.
with the smallest estimated cot
ton crop since 1893" continues the
bulletin, with spring wheat in poor
condition at home as we'll as in many
of the wheat countries of the world,
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30
TIKI DIARY
INDUSTRY

Men who know declare the dairy
industry would be success right
from the start in Bear Lake county.
They all declare that there is not a
section or country on the globe more
adapted to this business than is our
own Bear Lake county. This i'm
portant industry Is grossly neglected
by the farmers of the county. Per
haps they do not realize what they
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30

have been installed, we note that
some of these individuals continue
to dump this refuse into the gutter.
Such action is altogether uncalled
for and should be stopped by the city
authorities. If there is no ordinance
in effect covering this nuisance, then
the city fathers should lose no time
in having such a law drafted.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30
PROTECT THE
PAVEMENT

Now that the streets OF the city
will son BIO paved, We believe that
measures should be adopted at once
~ prohibit the driving Of heavy trac.
tors over the Iaved sS>,ets. Tract
,ors with their heavily shod wheels
will cut deep into the patented sur
face, and will cut 1t up and injure the
street. An ordinance diverting his
! class OF travel from the paved streets
will prove effective.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30
TRY THIS

Too poor to take the home paper?
Well, that is a distressful condition.
Buy a hen feed her crumbs and
waste from the kitchen, and she will
lay eggs to pay for years subscrip-
ton; then work her up into pot pie
and she will pay her first cost; so
the. paper will be clear profit. Re
peat this process year after year,
meanwhile learn wisdom and cease
: to be poor.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30
DUMPING FILTH
IN THE CUTTERS

A system has prevailed in Mont
pelier in the past of dumping the
contents of ice cream containers into
the cutters in front Of some or the
refreshment stands. 1t is a mighty
poor system, and one that shows
very little judgment on the part of
the individuals who do 1t.
Since the new concrete cutters
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1921-09-30
~ @ARM
Willard
Batteries
Win

They win on reputation when
you think of batteries you naturally
think first of Willard. They win on
quality. The most important battery
improvements, including Threaded
Rubber Insulation, originated with
Willard.
They win in dollars-and-cents saw
ing. No outlay for replacement OF
insulation il you buy tho Willard
Threaded Rubber Battery because
Threaded Rubber Insulation outlasts
the battery plates.
The Willard Threaded Rubber Bat
terry is standard on 172 makes cars
used for export on others. Ask
us about 1t. We're headquarters for
Willard Batteries and Willard Ser
vice.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18
a Glorious Tradition
Is the Spring Hat

Every year comes the fresh, new
pleasure OF selecting Spring Mifli-
merry, every year the delightful
query Of whether it shall be feath-
ers or flowers, large one or
small one. This seasons modes
are charming. II is not moment
too early to select the Hat for your
suit, the Hat for sports wear and
the hatto accompany lovelyfrocks.
Sailor. otf-the-face and close fitting
tnrban styles that are in demand.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18
BAD ROADS.

Our attention has been called
frequently OF late to the bad con
dition Of roads in the county
which condition is not surpris-
ing, though we were led to be-
lieve that when the management
and control Of the local roads
We're taken out OF the hands of
the County Commissioners and
lodged in a Road Commission,
practically a revolution in road
work could be looked for; but it
seems that little or no improve
ment has been made.
Our contention, when the new
system was inaugurated, that
the County Commissioners could
accomplish as much, if not more
than any Road Commission, re-
gardless of personnel, has proven
true. The new system has added
expense, the greater part of
which would have been elilni-
mated, had the roads remained
under the control of the County
Commissioners. In addition to
this, the broad powers Of the
Road Commission, created I'M
der the present local law has
not been productive of as much
good as was accomplished under
the limited powers and means of
the County Commissioners.
Il may be said that the war
was responsible for the bad con
dition Of the roads. This may
have been the case during the
war; but the war has been over
for two or three years, and yet
little along the line of practical
road work has been accomplished
since that time.
We think it is time for the
people to wake up to the condi-
tions that exist, and seek a rem
edy. The law should be repealed
and the old system. or one just
as good, adopted.
1t has been argued that the
roads when in the hands of the
County Commissioners, were in
politics. Granting this to be so,
it is better to have them in poll
tics than out, if better results can
be accomplished thereby.
1t is not the men who form the
Commission who are to blame,
but the system. Weneed a prac-
tical road system to accomplish
practical results. As far as we
are concerned, we are more in
terested in good roads than we
are in their control. IN this day
we should have good roads in
every section Of the county, and
We can see no reason why we
do not have them, when. we
recall the fact that large per-
centage of our roads have been
taken over by the State. But
there is something wrong, and
we believe it is the system; so
let's get rid Of it.
With a view to an improvement
of road conditions and discussion
on the subject, the columns of
our paper are open to the honest
suggestions Of the people. Tax
payers are heavily burdened,
and should in turn receive at
least a fair remuneration for their
money in better roads. And
while we prefer the old, over the
present system, we are not par
ftielilarly welded to it, and have
no concern as to the personnel
of the management, SO long as
we get good roads.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18
Fire Insurance
Announcement.


I wish to announce to the In
surfing Public thai | have es-a
tablished a Branch agency OF
my Insurance Office at
HUGHEsvILLE, ND.
and am represented there by
Messrs. JOHN +. MUDD and
EDWARD j. EDELeN.
These gentlemen have opened
an Insurance Department in
their offices in the Bank Build
ing at Aughesville, and are
prepared 70 give personal at
tention and service to all who
may be Interested in Insurance
of any kind.
This newly established firm
is representing several OF the
OLD LINE INSURANCE COM
PANIEs, which carry the real
burden OF the Insurance world,
is making A SPECIALITY OF
FIRE AND AUTOMOBILE IN
suRANCE.
Be sure to call on them be-
fore placing your coverage
elsewhere.
H, HOLLAND HAWKINS,
9-24-tf- LA PLATA. MD.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18
To Be Sure, There
Must Be a Suit

No woman will overlook one.
They are inevitable as Spring it.
self. This year, because there are
verz nsefill hoy naat ra.aaala-
fiared back models or coolie Jackets
or semi-fashioned styles, you viii
use the necessity of having smart
Suit early in the season. Piquetine
IS one OF the much used new fabrics.
Ask TO see it.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18
Ths iszI Gil.

Everybody says z
She smokes cigarettes.
She patronizes sex movies.
She CANDLES.
She swears.
She despises and eyades til e
chaperon.
She dances shamelessly.
She dresses indecently.
She paints outrageously.
Her morals are worse than
they were in 1920.
Otherwise she is socially salts.
factory to the critical onloolfer
The 1921 girl is the incorrip.
ible girl, the shocking girl, the
girl without ideals. She is the
dreadful girl, the decadent girl |
the brazen girl, the girl who isl
bound for the demnition bow.
vows. What her mother can be 1
doing unless she is doing what
her daughter is doing nobody
who is interested can imagine.
In a book upon the conduct of
young women The Lady's Ii.
braryn published in 1918, we
read sound lecture to Hitter
ate and dissipated females of
society who play cards at vastly
more expense than they could
buv hooks WI II To ilnDroyp
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18

FASHION lffo the Mnliu
ayeevved
inspection dcos
who desire the while bloom 5 re- uponH - NA
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1921-02-18
NOTICE.

This is 10 notify the public that Mr..
William Bean Is no longer in my en-
ploy or. in anywise connected with me
In my business.
Persons having livestock for sale
will hereafter communicate or deal d.
rect with me.
Highest prices that the market can
afford will be paid for Cattle, Calves,
Lambs and Hogs
A. FURMAN,
2-2S-tf, La Plata, Nd
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
1917.

January 3-Trial of Tom Mooney
starts.
January 26-Frank C. Oxman takes
the stand and swears that he saw
all the defendants except Nolan at
the scene Of the explosion and saw
Billings place the bomb. 'f
February 9-Mooney found guilty
Of murder in the first degree. Jury
omits recommendation to mercy which
means death sentence. r
February 24-Judge Franklin A.
Griffin denies motion for new trial
and sentences Mooney to be hanged
in San Quentin prison on May 18th.
February 24-The Netherlands
Federation of Labor pledges support
to the San Francisco Defense and
forwards protest to President Will
son, through the American ambas-
sador at The Hague.
April 1.-THE Bulletin publishes
Oxmans letter to Frank Edward
Rigall Of GRANVILLE, Illinois, offering
him financial inducements to, cor
roborate Oxman's testimony against
Tom Mooney. Rigall was at Niagara
Falls, New York, on July 22nd.
April 1e-Estelle Smith confesses
that Oxman offered her a bribe Of
i'five figures to falsely testify
against Israel Weinberg. oxman said
he was acting for the "Higher-U Ups"
April -1S-Oxman arrested. llS
April 21-Ed D. Nolan released
,n bonds, $3.50 for each indictment,
oxman held for trial by Police
Judge Matthew Brady. 3ll2
April 23-Judge Griffin Addresses
etter to. Attorney General Webb,
asking him to 60 before Supreme
Court and ask new trial for Mooney |
April 2SAw0rkingmen Of 'Petfo-
,rad hold protest meeting against
he Mooney sentancs in front q 4 the
American embassy.
May 4l-oxnah "whitewashed" by
,peckels' Grand Jury, four gran
ur0rs, aud Assistant. Attorney. Gen ]
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12

How many eracon comunista in an attempt 70
Congress workers the labor moysme the
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
1918.

January 22-Pres. Wilson agair
appeals to Governor Stephens to
grant Mooney a new trial.
January 26-U. S. Federal Com.
mission issues its report on the
cases. The commission unanimously
recommends new trial for Mooney
and condemns Oxman's letters as
attempt to suborn perjury.
February 25-Judge Cabaniss dis.
misses the two indictments pending
in his court against Weinberg on
the motion of District Attorney
Fickert, himself, who refused to pro-
coed to trial.
March 1-California State Su-
preme Court again denies Mooney
new trial.
March 19-Judge Griffin dismisses
three indictments against Weinberg
in his court on the motion of the
prosecution. Fickert again refused to
proceed with the case.
March 21-California State Su-
preme Court admits Weinberg 10 bail
in the sum of $4,000.
March 26-Pres. Wilson telegraphs
third appeal to Governor Stephens
for new trial for Mooney.
Continued on page 2.)
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
A congress OF Mexican lI|':l WORKERS.
BY FRANK SEAMAN.

eracion Comunista' in an attempt to
put the labor movement eselS!eps 9. u. the
Glass Struggle basis. The Fedora
cion" caught the imagination Of the
workers and grew rapidly. With the
idea of organizing the new move
ment on a national scale Congress
of workers and peasants was called
for February 18th, the manifesto
being issued just at the time when
Morones and Co. were shaking hands
with Gompers in the Convention Of
the so-called "Pan-American Fedora
tion of Labor. And it was truly
workers and peasants who attended
Full of enthusiasm they came, fresh
from the fields and workshops, many
Of them never having taken part in
convention of any kind before
There were delegates from Lower
California and from Yucatan, from
Tamaulipas and from Jalisco-5S
delegates from twelve States-repres-
enting more than 10000 workers in
all.
From the first the Congress was
dominated by revolutionary spirit
In this Congress there were no social
reformers, no apologists for the
present social order.--In burst Of
enthusiasm the Confederation Gen.
eral de Trabajadores" Genera
Union of Workers) was organized
with constitution calling for direct
action and the abolition of the pres
ent system. The Congress declared
for the Dictatorship of the Prolet-
ariat organized in soviets Of workers
and peasants, recognized the Mexi-
can Communist Party ("Rartido Co.
munista Mexicano'o as o truly rev.
olutionary organization and severed
connections with all other parties /,
Also, it endorsed in principle the
Moscow Red Labor Uni6n Interna-
tional pending a referendum 'on the
question Of immediate affiliation.
Morones and Co., tied up with the
Pan American Federation that was
organized by Gompers at the behest
Of American capitalism, is UNDER
stood to be planning affiliation to
the Yellow international Of Amsterr
dam. The new Confederation Cen
eral de Trabajadores" is ready to
carry on tfe proletarian struggle
against these treacherous leaders 4
The Red International is gaining 4
ground everywhere! ssprla{y K
The Provisional Executive Cow- 4
mittee of the new Organization Is |
9f:l Aghirrc iQuez6da, Ru-
bio, San Vicente, Quintero. Araos de
Leon, Castfos Frias and Escobar. |
Address, "confederscion General. de |
Trabajadores," San Miguel %, Me-
xico, ID. IT., Mexicos tarsssss
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12

How many comrades have ever
sesn- a Congress Of workers Z. srd I,
peasants right from the Job? Not
many, / guess. This was my first
experience. 1t was labor convention
called by the Federation Comunis-
ia" of Mexico City. You know what
"labor conventions" usually are
especially in economically undevelop'
ed places like Mexico. A caucas in
which chiefs and bosses and labor
takers decide just what it will be
most profitable for them to have
labor decide. Of course labor some
times kicks over the traces and ig-
nores the caucas-but that is & story
Ill by itself-outlaw strikes, "re-
bel" unions, etc. There were no
bosses in this Congress of the "Fed'
eracion Comunista" because the con.
gress itself was a revolt against
boss rule; it was an attempt to line
up the radical rank and file of the
labor movement against the reaction
ary leaders of the Confederation Re-
gional Obrera Mexicana, wEo long
ago sold out to Gompers and to the
Mexican Government. Morones, Mar
tinez, Trevino, Salcedo and the rest
of the "leaders" of the bOnafide
movement were not there.
Some time ago, group Of unions
in Mexico City, led by the revolution
ary Bakers union, formed the "Fed->
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
on
TOM MOONE|
THE INFAMOUS
4 FRAME.UP.

eral Judge Robert n Clark of tn
Angeles dissenting.
May 11-Presidek Wilson inter
cedes with Cover Stepbeps 70 most
lesaa No -,
May 1S-Judesz7 7rady holds Ok
man to trial aYelEond time afte
many writs of hSbeas corpus ha,
been quashed
May 21-Rena Moneys trial com
mences.
July 25-Rena Mooney acquitted
August, 2l-Iudge Dunno denie.
bail to Rena Mooney after Judge.
Griffin and Cabaniss had agreed tt
grant bail.
September billings appeal de.
MED by District urt Appeals.
September 11Appreme Court de.
nies Attorney Genefal Webb's appeal
for new trial for Mooney.
September 12-Dkman's trial Cd.
ems before Judge Dume. This Judge
Dunno declares Oxman innocent on
September 9th.
September 25-llPresident Wilson
authorizes Federal Mediation COM
mission to make an exhaustive inves-
tigation on the entire case.
September 2S-Oxhan acquitted of
charge of subornafon Of perjury
Rearrested on char e of direct per.
jury.
October Cove or Whitman re-
fused extradition o Alexander Berk-
man who was arres n on September
10 after being ind led by the San
Francisco Grand j y in connection
with the Preparedn B explosion.
October S--Oxmf escapes second
trial through legal technicality.
October 4--Calif mia State Fed
GRAFTON Of Labor id IRres defendants
innocent and ag,nI pledges support
to the defense.
October 9-AWein Erg's trial starts
before Judge EmpF Ftt Seawell.
November S-Sait Francisco Labor
Cow.cil suspends I'resident A. w
BrCuillet who took active part in
frame-up.
November 10-Billings starts serv-
ing life sentence in Folsom prison.
November 26-Annual convention
Of the American Federation Of Labor
held at, Buffalo, New York, con.
demns frame-up al demands new
trials for Billings ED Mooney.
November 27--WeifIberg acquitted,
Jury deliberates threet minutes.
November 30-San francisco Labor
Council expels Brouillek. D.
December 7--Alice kidwell makes
complete confession. Exposes police
methods in frame-ups
December 12-E -Estelle Smith con.
fesses her part in the framc.up. In.
District Attorney Fickert,
Assistant District Attorney Ed Gun.
10, Martin Swanson Corporation
letectNe), former Assisk kant District
Attorneyn eJimY Brennan Frank C..
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12

"Get ready to go back to work."
That was the dominant note sound
ed at the second session Of the I'm
employment Conference of Greater
New York, meeting at the Peopels
House, Saturday afternoon, March
18th. Representatives of thirty-four
bodies of organized labor from the
American Federation of Labor, in
dependent unions and the !. W. w
assembled, and there were present
with them six technical men from
the engineering societies Of New
York.
The conference ordered the secre-
tary to send out a call to central
labor bodies in every industrial cen
tire in the United States calling for
similar movements. These "back to
work" organizations will take the
form of councils of. action from all
branches of organized labor, or rather
production councils, if the purpose
of the New York body is followed
Each council securing the co-opera.
ton of industrial engineers and then
linking up with the rest in national
movement will, the conference de-
cided, result in an organization fully
capable of manning the idle industries
effectively and permanently.
AS a practical measure for getting
the movement under way in New
York City the conference asked each
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
INDUSTRIAL COUNCILS OF ACTION
Urged TO meet UNEMpLOY-
MENT SITUATION.
NEW YORK LABOR CONFERENCE COOPERATION OF WORK
ERs AND TECHNICIANs TO GET INDUSTRY UNDER WAY.

constituent local to thorw its halls
open for unemployment meetings.
All labor bodies in the city have al
ready been asked to start registra-
ton of all the employed and the un-
employed in their trades or sub
divisions of industry, and a parallel
registration of the plants involved.
This for the purpose of discovering
the nature and number of empty
Jobs and the labor personnel to fill
them. Open air meetings were also
resolved upon,
One of the industrial engineers at
the meeting laughed at the idea that
there was any danger of overproduc-
ton if industry were put to work
at its full capacity. There has never
been overproduction, he stated. There
has only been underconsumption.
Other speakers pointed out that
this was a purely industrial problem
which could be met only by Industrial
measures. Business methods had
brought the country to its present
condition, they stated, with idle IN
dustrial equipment and abundance Of
unused raw material The business
system had no method for the re-
storation Of production. Therefore
the real forces of production, work
ingman and engineer, must go ahead
on their own initiative.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
From "Tom MONEYS Monthly
1916.

July 2z-E&piJssion on Market and
Steuart streets.
July 26-Billings arrested at the
Lane Clinic. Mooney home in Eilers
building raided. Israel Weinberg ar.
rested. =,
July 27-Ed Nolan and Tom and
Rena Mooney arrested.
August 2-Grand Jury votes in.
dictments against prisoners.
September 11--Billings goes to
trial.
September 23-Billings found
guilty.
October billings sentenced to
life imprisonment.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-03-12
(By The Federated Press)

Washington.-With the filing ir
the United States supreme court lasI
week Of petition for writ Of Ger.
tiorari, the legal battle. for the free.
dom Of William d. Haywood and
seventy-eight other members of the
Industrial Workers Of the World, who
were convicted after sensational
trials in Chicago in 1918 on charges
OF conspiracy to violate the Selective
Service draft act and the Espio-
mage act, enters in final stage.
aThe main contention in the petit
tion and the brief submitted in its
support, which were presented by
Otto Christensen, Of Chicago, who
is associated with George F. Wander
veer as counsel for the petitioners, is
that Il the search warrants used by the
federal agents, who seized tons Of
books, letters, records and documents
of various kinds in more than fifty
simultaneous raids on September s
1877. were invalid, It is contened
that neither the warrants nor the
supporting affidavits adequately de-
scribed either the places to be raided
which included all the offices of
the !. w. W. and a few private resi-
dences in sixty American cities, or
the things to be seized; nor did the
affidavits recite any facts showing
probable cause for the issuance Of the
warrants.
v The petition sets forth that the
Circuit Court Of Appeals for the
Seventh Circuit, which on October
s, 1920, affirmed the Judgment of
the United States District Court at
Chicago, conceded the invalidity Of
these search warrants, but got
around this defect in the govern.
ment's case by specious process Of
reasoning. 1t is pointed out that the
documents, correspondence and re-
cords seized were submitted to the
grand jury and the indictments re. |
turned were based upon this evidence
was seized for testimonial purposes
The use Of these papers against
the defendants, II is contended, was
irrefutably in violation Of the fourth
and fifth amendments to the United |
States Constitution.
There were five counts in the
original indictments by which ninety.
eight defendants were brought to
trial and convicted before Judge Ke.
nesaw N. Lands in April, 1918, but
one count was withdrawn from the
jury and two others were held by the
Appellate Court not to state offenses
OF the two remaining counts (count