davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
TESTIMONY OF All. SMITH
BEFORE RAILROAD INQUIRY
STORY OF RISING EXPENSES
New York Central Head Repeats Somber
Picture Of Preceding Witnesses.

ming IN May, 1919, the national
agreements Beginning generally In
July. 1918, and finally decisfon No.
2 Of the United states labor board
which was effective from May 1.
1890 These various rulings pro-
duced actual or virtual wage in
creases BY provision Of the eight
hour day. punitive overtime and
punitive double time for Sundays
and holidays, company time allow
ance for lunch. and one hour . week
for punching the clock" There
were many minor rulings which
cut into the working time or increas-
ed the time paid for without off
setting the work done In addition
there was extended rcclassification
Of individuals which increased the
payroll; but two Of the most I'm
portant changes were the abolition
OF piece work and the enforcement
OF rigid jurisdictional distinctions
among crafts which made II nee
essary where more than one craft
was involved on a job to use on
the work a representative OF each
craft. Formerly one all around man
was able to do IT all Most of these
changes were devices 10 increase
rates of wages many OF which prob
ably were due on general principles
anyway. Some rulings did not ef-
feet increase Of paw but effected re-
duction of output. by shortening the
hours of work or easing working
conditions, but the losses TO the
railroads In maintaining over re-
fined jurisdictional distinctions
were clear waste avaiiing neither
the work. nor the worker directly.
Urxes "Grense where Squeak Is.'
The witness for a time seemed to
be begged in a mass of detail. The
senators demanded what was the
import and remedy of IT all. As
Senator Watson put il: Il want to
put the grease where the squeak Is,
as We say in Indiana" This chal-
lenge was quickly accepted by Mr.
Smith. At last the investigation
seems to have hit the trail Misad-
ventures of the railroad administra-
tion are not a present issue except
In effecting settlements of claims
against the government. The stages
or devices by which labor was
raised from an underpaid status are
cptsoufCol ann arc not VIAL IN the
present consideration, for the raises
were due and overdue during the
war and for months thereafter but
rulings imperiIling efhciency or low
ering morale are another matter, or
rulings growing out of specific and
extraordinary situations crystal
lized into rigid Interchangeable
schedules to apply over changed
conditions are faulty administra-
tive methods. Faulty method Is
found in private mana cement quite
as well as In public MANAGEMENT.
II marks the breakdown of admins
trative machinery and must be rem
edied In the same way in either case
No one knows better than Mr.. Smith
how the rigid departmental organi-
zation once prevailing on his own
road. in years past has broken down
under stress.
The inquiry at the end Of the
last session shifted quickly from
the question of comparative meth
DDS OF governmental and private al
ministration, from questions or
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
BANK CLEARINGs.

Some nsrrowing Of the margin Of
decrease In bank ciearinss appesrs
in last weeks statistics. a total OF
ss.4ss.5s6 at twenty cities in the
United States. as reported to Dsn's
Review. being 1s.s per cent tess
than the $3.50. .sse.3s7 sf the cor
responding week of 1870. while
this marks a considerable reduc-
tfon. the falling OF the previous
week approxfmated IS per cent
Aside from q triffng gain at Los
Angeles. all of the eenters Included
in the statement report smaller
clearings than year ago. losses
Of 80 per cent OF more in each In
stance being disclosed at Atlanta
New Orleans, Cleveland. Kansas
city, Omaha and Seattle. The net
result for all Of the cities outside
OF New York is a Decline of 2+1
per cent. while there is q eontrse-
tion Of lis per cent at New York
City, where the weeks clesrinEs
aggregate sf,04s.61f.s7s. The de-
crease at the metropolis last week,
however, was AT per cent For
May to date. average daily clear
ings for the twenty cities embraces
by the record are eos per cent un-
der the average for a similar Pc
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
Shoe Trade.

Footwear production has appar-
emily reached a higher level than
at any time this year. Some inn
provement in the general situatisn
is still manifested, with more buy
ing for fall delivery reported by
retailers in most sections. The de-
mand for novelties is also hold
ing up well, and an exceptionally
good season for sport footwear Is
anticipated Factories making mems
shoes are receiving a fairly steady
amount of orders, and the situa-
tion. on the whole. shows ia.
vorable outlook. FAN samples are
being prepared and statesmen ere
taking the road. evincing much more
confidence than for long time
past. As q rule. plants throughout
the middle west and in St. Louis
note a larger increase In orders for
fall shoes than those In other sec
tions.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23

Directing the export business Of
a company engaged in foreign trade
OF Worldwide proportions 10 gen.
orally accepted AZ being a mans
size Job, but the responsibilities
hold no terrors for three e1eep-
tional women who will be delegates
to the annual convention Of the
National Foreign Trade council In
Cleveland next May. They are trail
blazers in a new line Of womens s
effort
Their individual examplea should
serve as a wonderful stimulus to
the young business woman who as
pires to making a reputation for
herself In her particular held. In
each instance it was simply a case
Of taking opportunity by the scr II
Of tn. neck and shaking II uatu Il
surrendtred- Acciden. cut no fgGrs
whateveI ir the attainment of tne:r
gUais-
The case Of Miss Lucy A Gold
smith. who is export manager for
thS <hSOAiah NOHupdnys VI .NtN 1OTk.
Is typical. mere slip Of a girl
then living in South America, sew
eral thousand miles away. she de-
cided that she would not become a
mere cog in the big Aeolian COM
pany organization. Her first posi-
ton with the company was as a
stenographer. By study she won
Advancement Today she Is spoken
OF as zone OF the best export men
IN the country" and it's no Joke.
Like Miss Goldsmith. both Miss
Gladys Liggett, export manager for
French & Ward, woolen manufac-
turers of New York. and Mrs. Jesss-
mine H. Church. export manager
for the Selby Shoe company, of
Portsmouth. Ohio, are enthusias-
tically optimistic of the future of
American export trade. Both en-
courage the smaller manufacturer to
investigate its possibilities, feeling
that in the greater numbers of
American exporters lies a greater
strength for American interests in
the markets Of the world.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
By J. SHIRLEY EATON.

For tnree days past, A. II. Smith.
president OF the New York Centrsi'
has been before the railroad tn-
quiry committee. His testimony IN
the main was O repetition OF the
somber picture presented by hr.
Kruttschnitt and Mr.. Willard, ex-
cent that he restricted his presenta-
tion to the affairs of his own rail-
road. As in the case of the pre-
yious witnesses, it was the story
of steadily rising exposes cutting
deeper into the revenues. In the
period 1913 10 1899. revenues in
creased 81 per cent but expenses
in the same period increased 124
per cent The problem conferred in
expenses and to get closer view
Of the expenses Of 1890 he set
against them the expenses Of 1877.
which was the year Of private op-
Grafton most nearly comparable. In
the space of these three years the
total of expenses Increased s164.-
1000, or 107 per cent; mainte-
nance Of equipment and mainte-
nance Of way expense increased 142
and 131 per cent, respective
ly. while transportation expenses
increased 90 per cent. The main
tenance expenses showed larger in
crease than transportation costs. ap-
parently because Of the maintenance
deficits left over by the government
administration and also because pri-
of to the war wage rates In both
maintenance of equipment and
maintenance of way were generally
low compared with transportation
wages For instance, standard
maintenance called for 1915, 900 ties
on the New York Central for the
period OF government operation.
whereas the number actually put
in was 5,445,000. For rail there
was nearly full maintenance, but
for ballast the respective yardage
figures are 1,325.0o0 and 1000. .0oe.
In maintenance of locomotives and
cars even a worse situation was
disclosed In comparison with 1919
any deficit in that year which pri-
vate operation Of 1920 had to make
good in the year following would
effect a difference between the two
years Of twice the amount of the
deficit made good and this would
be entirely apart from the rate of
costs for work actually done BY
minute analysis of the complete ex-
pense schedules of the two years
the witness fairly established his
contention that Notwithstanding the
financial results the operations of
1929 were as eficient as those Of
1919. Price changes figured con-
spicuously. but the largest cause
was the increased labor cost. The
per cent Of operating revenue that
went to labor was:
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
FAILURES LAST WEEK.

Following the previous weeks in
crease. the declining tendency Of
failures was resumed last week, de-
faults in the United States number
ing 315. This total marks a reduc-
tion of IS from the sS3 insolvencies
of the previous week. but is slightly
larger than the number reported to
r. C. Dun & Co. three weeks ago.
While there was some evidence of a
trend toward increase in failures at
this time last year, the defaults then
numbered only 1877.
All of the falling of in insolven-
cies last week, ss compared with
those of the previous week, occurred
in the South and West. Thus, fail
ures In the South decreased by IL
and those in the Vest by 81, these
changes more than offsetting an in
crease of defaults in the East and
of 10 on the Pacific Coast. With the
smaller total of insolvencies, those
involving $4,000 or more of liabili-
ties in each instance not unnatural
ly declined, numbering 169. This
contrasts with 1856 such failures the
previous week, or Is less. but is 3
more than the number reported
three weeks ago. The ratio of the
defaults for $4,000 or more in each
case to the aggregate number is also
lower than the previous week at
53.6 per cent. the ratio of SUCH in
solvencies then having been rs per
cent. Last year. in The correspond
ing week, the proportion of failures
for $1,000 or more to the total num-
Der was 56.9 per cent, which mark
ed a considerable increase in COM
parison with previous weeks Of that
year.
Unlike the returns for the United
States, the Canadian Insolvency sta
tistics last week disclose an in
crease. the failures numbering 80.
This Is IL more than was reported
the previous weeek, and exceeds the
total of a year ago of % defaults.
A feature of the past weeks state
ment is the increase In the number
of insolvencies involving $1,000 or
more of liabilities in each instance.
there being 30 of these failures, or
Is more than the previous week. In
this week of 1920. in sharp contrast
there were only defaults for $4,000
or more in each case.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
lissott

wages and prices OF managerial in
efficiency to the vital problem of
efhcient regulation. 1t Is plainly a
delicate question for the witnesses,
but IL reaches TO the heart of the
situation. Everybody from Babe
Ruth down knows the need of an
umpire. but in government regula-
ton IL is a far cry TO the effi
cheney Of the baseball umpire. Con-
ditions are infinitely more complex
and the issues more profound. II ~
granted. but by so much Is the need
enhanced. Regulation has not yet
developed its technique-its master
minds. that can fully protect the
public without stifling Initiative. A
vivid picture of the situation con-
fronting regulation was conveyed
In the witness outburst. Ninety
i've per cent of this railroad is hu-
man: hve per cent Is steel and coal.
You ask me what ! think about
regulation. / think you have got us
tied pretty tight-vision, Initiative
energy. competition. the instinct to
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23

One iesdins line Of vide sheet
ings In coarse yarns was reduced
last week from SOC 70 iSc a yard
basis 1914 bleached-
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23

Easing prices in raw silk and SILK
yarns have followed the slower
trading here. and the reports OF
accumulzfiona in Japan
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23

nod Of 1859. ana thers n q rssse-
tion q ~ Der cent frea the 1sis
ngurea
Average daily bank eis.1nss Cor
( the pear 40 date. and for the three
iEnediateiy preceding months. are
eonSared herewith for three years:
1C1 infs ls1
si.s1. .ssasss sl.slaslaoso Z. a.,G,sa&sss
sss.ss.eco i.ss.s4sse issr.sso.sos
Isos5eooe i.s<s.zssss i,sr.s..ss
I.er..cssoco i.ss.sz.sss i.sssssasOo
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
origin Of wage Increa..,.

origin OF Wage Increases.
The witness IN great detail Illus
trated how these wage increases oc-
CURED. They were successfully au-
thorizsd by the Adamson law, which
became effective in January. 1917,
the director generals orders begin
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
NAVAL BILL FIGHT
IN SENATELKELY
T0ED this WEEK
Weeks Plea for Army of
10000 Lines Up
Opponents.

Matters Of national defense again
wis engage the attention of the
senate this week. The naval ap-
pronriations bill fs TO be passed
and consideration of the army ap-
preparation BIN begn-
Advocates OF economy will con-
tiHus their efforts to pare down
the amount carried in the naval
bill. arguing that the 100000, 900
increase made by the senate over
the measure passed by the house
Is unjustihed The amendment Of
Senator Borah. Of Idaho. authoriz-
ing ne President TO call DIS
armament conference, will be adopt
ed, it Is now conceded
Fight ts Redsee Army.
A fight Is in prospect on the army
bill The military affairs commit
tee has reported Il out with pro-
vision for an army OF 10000. in
stead of 100000. as the house voted.
This was in response to the plea
of Secretary Of War Weeks, who
said 16S. 900 was the minimum num-
ber with which efficiency could be
maintained. Efforts will be made
on the floor to keep the number
at 10000. or a less number. bu
tht same group that is opposing
naval Increases.
Senate committees are to hold i'm
portat hearings. The interstate
commerce. committee will continue
its inquiry into the railroad stu
alton. and additional witnesses will
be heard on the Ford-Newberry
election contest The committee on
privileges and elections will meet
Tuesday to decide what will be
done with Ford's contest.
VIII Continue Inquiry.
Leaders. it is understood, have
concluded 1t would be advisable for
the senate to continue its investf-
cation, irrespective of the supreme
court decision freeing Newberry
from criminal charges.
The finance committee is ex-
pected to conclude its hearings on
taxation, except for conferences
with treasury experts. and NAV set
under way its projected fnvestis, =
tfon of the public health seryitA
According to Senator Penrose this
division is full Of abuses. Infor-
nation the committee has collected
on taxation will be made accessible
10 the ways and means committee
OF the house. whore tax bills must
originate.
Tarff Bill Before House.
The house. early in the week,
VIII cnsider the conference repor-
on the emergency tariff bill. and
the second deficiency appropriation
bill, carrying 500. 200. 900. The bill
Tor regulating the packing indus
try also IS on the calendar. The
resolution to establish peace with
Germany may be reported out by
the committee on foreign affairs
the Iatter part Of the week, but its
immediate passage is not antici.
pated.
The house has before II the res
olution Of Representative Losg-
worth, of Ohio. which would put
into effect the tariff schedules OF
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23

beat the other fellow to it-tha,
Is the game" How can regulation
conserve and stimulate these pre-
cious sources of power that are in
the individual and save their potency
to the public service? 1t is to be
hoped that at the next sitting OF
the committee Mr.. Smith may make
suggestions that shall be a real
contribution TO the problem, for
while the testimony OF the three
witnesses so far has been able and
clear. they have contributed little
new to the situation
The Washington herald., 1921-05-23
DRY GOODS NOTES.

Te3Chto Aces"'e
made up largely OF odd widths and
construction for convertinE. Cur
taIlment continues In that center
and in New Bedford. TO at least Is
per cent Of capacity.
Confirmation was received last
week Of the rumors that Calcutta
jute mills will continue operations
for thu third quarter Of the year
on a four days a week schedule
shipments Of bsrlsps from Calcutta
to North America in April were e.
oso 900 yards. about half the ship
mepts of the preceding month. and
nearly ,s.eee.ess yards below nor
NAL.
Easing prices in raw silk and siik
yarns have followed the slower
trading here, and the reports Of
Accommodations In Japan
The three largest handlers Of neer
silk hosiery in this country have
Scarcity of fuli-fashioned silk no.
siery is very great In 5oobinE mar
kets. partly due TO delayed orders
earlier IN the year and TO q strike
in Philadelphia mills.
One iesdine line OF vide sheet
ings In coarse yarns was reduced
last week from SOC 70 i5c a yard.
basis Io-l bleached-
Cool weather has done much 20
Lessen the volume Of retail sales in
many places. and has led TO sharp
competition for business between
large stores
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1921-12-17
Ell ASUNTO DE IRLANDA
EN- MANOS DEL PARLAMENTO

LONDRES, dicie1nbre 16.--Los re-
presentantes de Irlanda en- las Con-
ferencias celebradas en- esta ciudad
aseguran q. el Parlamento de su pals
ratificara el Tratado y que al mismo
tempo ell Parlamento ingles aprobara
ell referldo Documento.
Ell presunto presidente de Irlanda,
seilor De Valera, acaba de anunciar
que las clansulas del Tratado de Lon
dres seran sometidas un referen-
dunn Y que esta SECURE que Ell pue-
bio irlandes esta de acuerdo con to-
dos y cada uno de los capftulos del
Tratado.
Los periodicos irlandeses publican
extensos editoriales comentando con
muestras de intense regocijo la ter
minaci6n del secular conficto que
mantuvo siempre en- constante riva-
lidad a los habitantes de Inglaterra
e Irlanda.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1921-12-17
VaIOr de Ia pro-
piedad de San Juan
ha aaumentadO muChO

Deseosos de informar nuestros lee
torres acerca del resultado de la retasa-
ci6n de la propiedad en- San Juan, visi-
tamos aver al Tesorero, sefior Benedicto.
quien indic6 al sefor Caparr6s, alto
empleado de ese Departamento, nos IA
cilitara los datos que solicitabamos..
Las cifras, correspondence las tres
1ltimas retasaciones son como sigue:
de 1920 21, S54,95s,S51; de 1921 %,
s6o.s1S.5o1 90, Y de 1922 %, sea la
Ultima retasacion efectuada, asciende
a $73, 1855, 10000.
Como vera el lector, Ell valor de la
propiedad en- San Juan ha aumentado en-
s12,446,979. Ahora bien, segIn pudimos
informarnos, la 'Junta de revision 9
igualamiento' que Sc halla reunida des-
de hace dias, puede alterar en- cualquier
sentido dicho resultado, va que ante
ella Sc han presentado S55 casos de per-
sonas que, segtin parece, no estan con-
formes con la retasaci6n que Sc le ha
hecho. Por otra parte, ha habido 51S5
que han firmado, aceptando la tasacion
que Sc les ha impuesto.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1921-12-17
FL doctor FiguerOa Sc produce
en- contra de aIgunOs uniOnistas

ltimos acontecimientos politicos- en- 81
cual han representado tambieu su ma
pei, algunos malos unionistas av;tlos de
poder y de saciar afiejas verr anzas
personales contra los hombres dirigen
tes del partido. iUd. los conoce mejor
que 70, algunos forman fIas entire sus
amigos y creo que son hasta cast sus
compueblanos!!
Creo, mi auerido On. Pope, que esta
muy pr6ximo Ell momento en- qne todos
hemos de hablar alto. fuerte v claro,
mo censurando sin respeto 0 coriside.
raci6n para desprestigiarnos por intri-
ga por falta de honradez en- nuestros
procedures segdn usted dice, sino para
evitar que explotando el siiencio La
discretion que est& demandando este
monaento terrible en- la histeria de
nuestro partido, los enemigos de fuera
dentro de este obtengan pre,licauen
to ante la opinion, brillando con uu
oropel fatal a La aspiration verdsd de
nuestro pueblo.
Y ahora mi respectable amigo. pasan
do las dos cuestiones que I'd de-.
sea plantear sea, Ipor que ell Sr. Santini
es el 1ntco que aun no Sc ha reivindi
cado con Ell pals, y de que tiene qua
reivindicarse en- el Norte? ~ cuai es
Ia actitud radical asumida por C6rdova
Davila? le dire 10 siguiente: Ell Sr.
Santini fcrna parte de la Direcci6n
del Partido Union, esta est& empefiada
en- una campafia en- pro de los altos id
tereses del partido y todavia de los
mas altos aun del pals: y en- los mo
mentos en- que In direction dal Partid0
designa una Comisi6n, presldida por Ell
Jefe del misnao v la cual debe tenar
todo Ell endoso nlo=.sl v politico de to-
do unicnista, 81 sr. Santini, que en- el
seno de Ia Junta Central pudo comba
tir La designation de los comisionados,
no 10 hizo, paca despues, dos ninutos
antes de embarcar para el Norte. ha.
Ger manifestaciones de protesta con-
ira actuaciones realizadas pUr Ia Jun
ta Centsal inc1uyendo entire los des-
aciertos (segin ely hasta el nomhra.
miento de La Coniisi6n. SQuerfa ell Sr.
Santini que no Sc nombrara Ccmisi6n
alguna7 loneria el sr. Santini, que no
Sc defendieran los derechos del parti-
do y los intereses del pals? ST asi, mire,
entonces mi querido On. Pepe. 81, San
TIM, tisne que reivindicarss de algo..
y muy grave.
Y por otro lado, ia que venir con
10 de que la direction del partido esta-
ba como una mezcla de 'sacoite y VI !
nagre"7 cuando va no solo en- la alta
(Continua en- la pagina doce.l
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1921-12-17
i(carta Abierta)

San Juan, P. r., Dicbre. is, 1921.
Sr. d. Jose L. Berries,
Yabucoa, p. r.
Distinguido amigo y valioso correligio-
mario:
Dos son los movies que me hacen
romper Ell mutismo politico en- que hace
algnn tempo me hahia envuelto; pri.
nero, la cortesfa de una contestaci6n
que merece amigo tan respectable co.
rreligionario tan prominente como I'd.
y segundo, Ell aprovechar esta oportu-
nidad para hacer constar que las ma
nifestaciones que aparecieron en- Ell i'm
portante diario matinal Ell MUNDO,
nunca cref que Sc darian a Ia publici-
dad. va que fueron hechas en- un cam
bio de hgeras impresiones con los ami
gos Vargas Pietri, segdn ellos hicie-
ron constar; pero una vez pubIicadas.
NADIA tengo que rectifcar, sino decir
cue por alta convenience politita para
nuestro partido en- ell presente momen-
to, no solo no die todo, sino casi ma
da, va que la discretion del pucsto que
inmerecidamente ocupo en- la direction
del Dartido, y contra la cual discretion
en- inoportunfsima hora mi ccmpadero
Sr. Santini Sc pronuncia, delnanda de
todo buen Unionista no entrttenerse
en- luchaS internas an eli seno do nuas
ira invicta colectividad, cuando nece-
sitamos todas nuestras energias, to.
dos nuestros ardores para combatir
aqni en- Puerto Rico y AHA en- Wash
ington, al funesto hombre que en- hora
aciaga fatal fu6 designado para 60
bernar nuestra isla amada y desgra
ciada.
Por esta raz6n es que he s:ltnciado
frente q manifestaciones no solo de- Sr.
Santini, sino de otros de los Qpe mas
Sc benefciaron con Ia propaganda CD
favor de nuestra Independence, y con
la cual obtuvimos triunfos tan resonan
tes en- nuestra is.a hasta hacer de
nuestro partido una colectividad invic-
ia, de tai modo que para atacarla,
nuestros adversarios han tenido que
salir fuera de ella buscar apoyo en-
la imbecilidad de un gobernaure des-
equilibrado por un chauvinismh Glow
nesco representado en- el circo de los