davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09
Ethridge Would Aid s'Sick" Free o
Charge.

Baton Rouge. April Sd. w.
Ethridge. of Colfax. believes the
constitutional convention should
profit by the ruling of Attorney
General Palmer allowing beer
and wine by prescription. His
resolution put both spirit and
laughter into the convention on
Monday night. It reads:
Be it resolved by the Constitu-
tional Convention, That it is the
sense of this convention that DR..
Barrow be and he is hereby au-
thorized and empowered to issue
said prescriptions to all members
of said constitutional convention
who are now sick, or may be-
come sick during this convention
and that said prescriptions shall
be issued to said members free
of charge.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. A, ]. Wampler left Thurs
day morning for home IN Bruce
vile. Ind. after q months visit
to her parents. Mr.. and Mrs. E.
A. Ethridge. She was accom-
panied by her BROTHER. Randie.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

The Baptist Missionary Society
met Wednesday afternoon at the
home of Mrs.. E A. Mathis with
seventeen members present. An
interesting program was render
ed after which delicious hot choc-
olate and cake was served.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Don't forget Thunder Bolt
Tuesday night, April IL. at the
Apollo theatre, benefit of the
cemetery fund.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mr.. and Mrs. M. E. Tooraen.
motored to Colfax last Sunday
afternoon with a party of friends
from Alexandria.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

The committee on reception OF
the veterans and visitors expect
ed in Colfax next Wednesday for
the unwilling ceremony request
that all persons owning automO-
biles make special efforts to as
|sist those needing conveyance
during the day.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Miss Elnora Vallee. who is in
training at the Schumpert Sani-
tarium in Shreveport, spent last
Monday and Tuesday with her
PARENTS.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Miss Cora Wells returned home
last Sunday after 9 weeks visit
with friends and relatives in Al
exandria and Lecompte.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Miss Willie Long. entertained
the senior: class last SATURDAY.
evening. Games were played
and pumbo and candy served.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

The Colfax high school faculty
attended the State School Con-
vention in Alexandria this week.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. Glen Norman, and baby.
of Vinton, are guests of Capt.
and Mrs. C.. H. Teal.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09
The coHax Chronicle
SATURDAY. APRIL 9. 1921.

Mr.. j. C. Murphy of Pineville.
was a visitor here last Sunday.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. M. M. Fisher, of Winn'
field, and Mrs. C. B. Davis, Of
Clarence, were guests of Mrs,
A. M. Goodwin last Tuesday.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. E. H. Blackwood. Mrs.
w. A. Jones and DR.. Earl Jones
notored to Alexandria Wednes-
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. T. M. Wells has been thu
guest of her son. Mr.. c. A
Wells. in Alexandria this week.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mr.. Gilman Hall. resident JET
fefson Highway Engineer. left
Thursday night for New Orleans
on business.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mr.. J. B. Coburn, newly elect
ed superintendent of Grant Par.
ish Schools. was here this week
to attend the school board meet
ing and other matters.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Messrs. A. L. Mann, Louis
Levy and Abe Heyman, of Alex
andria. motored to Colfax last
Sunday.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. Keener Nugent left last
Sunday on visit to friends in
Homer.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. Larry Mahar and son. OF
Shreveport. are visiting Mr.. and
Mrs. E., w. Watson.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

DR.. R. S. Mex CITIZEN spent
several days this week at his
home in Grayson.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09
Mr.. w. A. Brownlee was a WIS.,
itor to New Orleans this week.

Mr.. ]. C. Williams of Crowley,
visited relatives here last week.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mr.. Ed Wallace. who is now
employed at Marksville. was a
visitor here several days this
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mr.. r. ]. Bienvenue spent last
weekend in Natchitoches on
business. t4 -
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Mrs. G. w. Jordan returned
home Thursday after a weeks
visit to Mrs. j. E. .Jemison in Al
exandria.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

BORN. To Mr.. and Mrs. X. E.
Ball. at 6 a. M. on Tuesday,
April s, 1921, a boy weighing II
v,c,,udo s
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

The whitewash man has been
much in evidence this week. Az
a result the trees along Main
street and around the cemetery
and court house are now spread
ing foliage over their trunks OF
snow white, adding wonderfully
to the clean appearance of the
town and making a pleasing
scene for the eye to behold.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Never complain that the editor
does not print all of the news.
He might do much to your
confusion.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

Quite a number of the young
people enjoyed a surprise party
Tuesday evening given at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. E. A.
Ethridge, complimentary to their
daughter, Mrs. A. ]. Wampler,
of INDIANA. Games of different
kinds were played and music and
dancing was enjoyed. Refresh
ments of cake and ice cream
were served. The out of towr
guests present were: Miss Val
lee, Shreveport. and Miss John
son. Of Pollock.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09

For high-class printing patronize the
Colfax Chronicle.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1921-04-09
Win Require Judges to Maintain Dom.
ieile in Each Parish Comprising
Diairicf =

5 Under date of April 6. Mr.. ].
W., Ethridge sends US the draft
of an ordinance he has introduce
ed, in the constitutional conven-.
ton, which if adopted. will es-
tablish the domicile of one of the
judges of the thirteenth district
in Grant parish SO long as the
18th district remains as it now is.
The ordinance is as follows:
BE it ordained. by the people
of Louisiana, that in a judicial
district composed of two parish
es. said district judges after
elected, one shall establish and
maintain his domicile in one par
ish, and the other in said other
parish.
Mr.. Ethridge writes US that
from the support already pledg-
ed he belives his ordinance will
be adopted, although much de-
ponds on whether or not the COM
mittee having it in charge fe-
ports favorably on the ordinance.
The Cordova daily times., 1921-05-12

of Mme Curie in her Paris laboratory, recently declared that no other wo. man had ever pursued a trail into an unknown jungle and brought to light such an "unsuspected new fac tor which had had such a revolu- tionary influence in science" He said she did not stumble on radium by chance.
 Educated in chemistry and physics, she possessed, he said the dominat- ing will, the zeal in pursuit, the in defatigable working power, the self sacrificing bravery. The same forces which made it possible for Peary to reach the north pole, carried this ex- plorer into an unknown wilderness. Every year new chapter has to be written about this wonderful sub- stance"
 The discovery of radium came about in this wise: Professor Roent- gen, a German scientist, announced
 
 These rays possessed the property of emitting radiations of a special character which were able to pene- trate through matter opaque to ordi- nary light.
 A year later H. Becquerel a French physicist, observed that certain uran- ium preparations emitted rays re- sembling those discovered by Roent- gen. Becquerel rays became the new wonder and by delicate tests were proved to be electrical Thus began the search for the new element and every form of uranium in laboratories was tested.
 Mme Curie at this point diverged from the search of other chemists. She went to Carlsbad where pitch blende had been mined for cen tury for the extraction of uranium in making Bohemian glass and beauti- full dyes. Around the mines she found 50 tons of refuse, an analysis of which proved it to be four times as strong in Becquerel rays as the uranium which had been taken from the ore Mme Curie by long and tedious process of extracting lead, silver, tin, bismuth and other metallic substances from the pile of refuse dissolved the mass until the residue was 60 times stronger than uranium Dr. Abbe says of this:
 "This small remnant glowed in the dark. All but two metals had been eliminated. These were known to have the slightest radio activity. Therefore, there could be but one con- clusion-Mme Curie was facing a mysterious new force." Two years lat CT she was able to announce it's dis covery and her method of extracting it from the ore.
The Cordova daily times., 1921-05-12
ADOPT POPPY
 ASFL0WER FOR
 MEMORIAL DAY

NEW YORK, May 12 (by Associat- ed Press) The American Legion has adopted the poppy as it's Memorial day flower. On May 30 thousands of tiny red silk flowers will be distributed throughout America by the Legion and other patriotic organizations.
 The poppies-exact replicas of those which "blow on Flanders fields"- were made by war orphans of the American and French childrens league. They were brought to Amer ica by Mime Anna E. Guerin, who founded the league for the purpose of perpetuating the friendship between the nations which had it's inception on the battlefield. The poppy is the leagues national emblem and the children are the self-constituted guar dians of graves of the American sol dier dead in France.
The Cordova daily times., 1921-05-12
DISCOVERER OF
 RADIUM VISITS
 UNITED STATES

NEW YORK, May 12 (by Associat- ed Press) Madame Mario Curie, CO., dicsoverer of radium, arrived yester- day at New York from Cherbourg for an extensive visit in the United States.
 Madame Mario Curie whose discov- cry of radium in 1898 has been called
 "the realization of the dream of ancient alchemsts' was born in
 Warsaw, Poland, on Nov. T. 1867. Her father, Professor Sklodowska, was all
 instructor in physics and chemistry
 in the University of Warsaw and for some years before entering upon her professional career as a scientist, she worked in his laboratory. Mme Curie received the Nobel prize for chem. istry in 1903.
 She married in 1896 Pierre Curie, professor of general physics in the University of Paris, who had shared with her the honor of collaboration in giving her great find to the world Some years later Professor Curie was struck by a wagon in Paris and killed. His widow succeeded to his professorship. Madame Curie has two children, Irene, 20 years old who, like her mother has taken up scientific research and another daughter of 15 years.
 The discovery of radium enriched many persons throughout the world. It has been estimated that its use during the war saved the lives of not less than 5OOOO wounded men, Notwithstanding the fact that Madame Curie has devoted more than half of her 53 years to the study of radioactive substances, she is a con- paratively poor woman and lives when at home at the Institute Curie in Paris on the salary of teacher at the Sorbonne
 q gave my secret to the world" she declared "It was not to enrich anyone. It was for all people,"
 Many fantastic stories have been told about radium and it's mysterious properties. It has been said that an ounce of this "metallc chemical ele- ment found in pitchblende," is worth more than $3,000,000, to obtain which requires the reduction of $500 tons of ore by the most painstaking and complicated processes.
 The modest discoverer of radium has never, it is said, refused to re- lease it for the use of humanity the world over, as a result of which her small store has become exhausted. The great Polish woman savant's visit to America, primarily for the purpose of Investigating pitchblende deposits in Colorado, Utah, Pennsyl- vania and other states, gave rise to the movement on the part of American women to supply Madame Curie with a gram of radium worth $1O0,0O0 which shall be "all her own" This will enable her to continue her researches along curative lines when she returns to Paris
 Dr. Robert Abbe, New York sur geon, who worked years ago alongside
The Cordova daily times., 1921-05-12

Professional kodak finishing. Scar borough. Agency at Cordova drug store.
The Cordova daily times., 1921-05-12

IT you change your address, do not notify the carrier boy-report your new address to the office.
The Cordova daily times., 1921-05-12
"The Beauty
 Market"

A Tense Drama of Fashionable Society. To Its Glittering Circle, Men Bring Wealth Women, Beauty. The Bargaining That Pre- cedes the Great Exchange! The Heartaches, the Tears-the Smiles. A Powerful Story Splendidly and Convincingly Told.
 Also
 MACK BENNETT TWO REEL COMEDY IS A ONE VS. SHENANDOA With Ben Turpin and Phyllis Haver as Fun
 Makers Extraordinary A Riot of Laughs When the Stranded Road Company Presents Two Masterpieces the
 Same Night.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22

nesday afternoon and reminded Mrs.
Mann that it was her birthday.
Craig c.. Wilcox came up from Min.
neapolis last Wednesday evening fol
a weeks visit with friends and rela-
.tives.
Leo Demro, Henry Ehr, Mr.. ano
Mrs. Harry Knapp motored to Vii
lard Sunday and spent the day at the
Arthur Challenger home.
Roger Hutchinson was pleasantly
surprised last Wednesday evening
when few friends gathered to wish
him a happy birthday.
Bob Bentel, who has spent about
four weeks in Dakota, is visiting al
the Lloyd and Tank homes for a day
or so before leaving for his home al
Crystal Lake.
Botz's entertained the following rel
atives Sunday: Mrs. Dinkle, (Mrs
Botz's mother), George and Isabelle
Dinkle of Long Prairie; Ben Dicks
and family Of Sank Centre; Eveline
Botz of St. Joseph; Constantine Botz
of New Munich.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22

err standard Of social training that
obtained by haphazard associations in
everyday life.
High School does not complete ones
education, but just prepares him for
obtaining, one. When / began my
first year l had no idea of what | was
cut out for in life but had hazy no
ton of travel, adventure and so forth
as inexperienced youth usually pic
lures life. This hazy idea was soon
over-crowded by others of more stable
and rational characters.
One should know upon entering the
High School what he intends to train
himself for, but providing he does not
know, the training there offers him a
large variety of courses to pick from.
I think that I can truly say that
during my three years of High School
l have obtained more general know
ledge necessary to successful life,
than l would otherwise obtain in five
times that period. H. r.
The Manual Training Department
is being reorganized by Instructor w.
B. Morgan. He has established a
tool room, in the old painting room
which will be run according to fac
tory system. This is to avoid the
loss and breakage of tools. One of
the students will have charge of this
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22
a 9n q = ms q q q q q q q
q WEST UNION p
& y y = II y y n y q + Il Il u Il y y

AL. Klienfehn of Melrose spent Fri
day with his brother Oscar here.
w. j. Bentfeld was a Sank Centre
caller between trains Monday.
Ida Schmidt was a Sank Centre
visitor Saturday.
Mrs. l.. L.. Anderson left for Osa-
kis Monday for a few days visit with
friends. -. ...
Henry Sauer, John Mondloch and
Alphonse Nathe of Sank Centre visit
ed at the John Sauer home Sunday.
A. C. Schaefer and B. L. Senatius
spent three days hunting at Padua.
Hubert Cans left for St. Cloud on
Saturday to- visit with friends few
dayh.
Mrs. Albert Rueckert and daughter
Laura returned from the Twin Cities
last week Wednesday having visited
with relatives several days.
Mrs. John Jaeger and children OF
St. Cloud came up Saturday to visit
over Sunday with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. H. Norman.
Lizzie Moehring visited at st.
Cloud with friends a few days last
week. .."
Mrs. Anton Schlicht and Theresa
Hesse visited with friends in Sank
Centre Thursday and Friday.
Professor Geo. Marthaler and Al
bert Marthaler were Elrosa visitors
on Friday to attend the funeral OF
their nephew, which was held there.
Mrs. Edith Harth and children and
Mrs. Opitz were Sunday visitors at
the Carl Schwanke home.
.Alphonse Bentfeld arrived Thurs
day from St. Paul and visited with
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. H. j..
Bentfeld returning to the cities Sun
day evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Theodore Schurnann
and daughter Mary of Sank Centre
vihited Sunday at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Herman Bentield.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22
Easy to Check sneeze.

AS many know, sneezing may De
averted by pressing firmly upon the
upper lip with the fingers. The why
Of this is that by so doing we deaden
the impression made up a certain
branch of the fifth nerve" sneezing
being a reflex action excited by some
slight impression made upon that
nerve. Proof of this Is seen in the
fact that sneezing never takes place
when the nerve mentioned Is para
lyzed. even though the sense of smell
be fully retained.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22
HIGH SCHOOL NOTES
What Three Years of High School
Has Done for Me

When | entered High School three
wears ago it was not because of de-
sire Of mine to obtain an education
but because my parents sent me there
FOR the purpose Of getting one. ! did
lot realize the value of education ana
could not see any reason for spending
four long years pendering over books
when could be cut in the world ear N
ng good wage and spending tne
same in seeing life. !.
Before 1 had completed my flrst
year had come to the conclusion tna'
my ideas on the ecessity OF educacion
we're false, and so contracted a desire
for real learning
High School has given me q deslre
for more knowledge of wider rahge
and variety and has taught me nov
to get it. / have learned the differ
ence between reading books slmpi.
for pleasure and reading them TO
pleasure and profit both, by studyln'
1 them.
Practical study and book knowledg
are not the only educational feature
| of High School training The socis
| experience obtained by associatio
with other people in school life is
valuable asset in ones training Hig
School life offers cleaner and hgi
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22
room.

Hurrah! The school children movie
fans were going to the matinee. 1t
was two-thirty when books were laid
aside and all were marching to the
grand wild music of Maude. Splash,
bump, push and crowd, the rabblement
yelling Historically, arrived at the
theatre. While waiting for the NOV
lie to start the audience spent their
time in displaying their efficiency as
yell masters.
With a yell and whoop the movie
started. Two reels of "The Lost
City," a serial, was shown first. The
story "Black Beauty" with Jean Page
as the leading star came up in every
respect to what was advertised. The
quaint manner of dress and customes
OF the olden times quite came back to
US as we watched the picture
BLACK Beauty" showing the indoor
and out door side of life broke the
monotony of our every day movies.
The acting was superb. The picture
IS both interesting and educational.
The reseating of the Senior High
Monday morning was the beginning
OF the third week of school. Mr..
Scott having conquered all his
troubles pertaining to conflicts set
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22
Small "Horne Library"

Many years ago the old-fasnloneu
"almanack" was regarded as a house
hold necessity. Hutchin's almanac IS
sued in 1859 for the ensuing year con-
tanned the usual ephemeris of the sun,
moon, planets and zodiacal signs. Its
literary offering consisted of IA select
pieces of poetry and 10 moral essays.
Likewise the following useful receipts,
which might be of great utility, viz. :
u sure cure for rheumatism; cure for
the most malignant fevers and a cure
for the cough.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-09-22
COUNTY NEWS
= -
tens from Live Correspondents
Of the Rural District
q u nnn q q q q y u q q p y
n MCCORMICK LAKE g
q u n44n 4nn q q y y II Il q

~ McCOhMlOA LAhL -
q u q q q q p p n q q n y y q q
Allen Wilcox spent Sunday with
Laural Connolly.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Huston spent
Sunday at Taylor's.
Mr.. and Mrs. Claude spent Friday
evening at Botz's.
Miss Elyira Kennedy spent the
week end at home.
Mrs. Kennedy called at Grund-
mann's Saturday.
Mr.. Peterson and sons were Sun
day visitors at Cites.
Martha and Mrs. Wolf called at
Wren VOLTS Sunday.
John Lloyd spent few days at the
Arthur Lloyd home.
Mr.. Schurmann called at WILCOX
on business Saturday.
F. Fox of Eagle Bend drove down
Sunday for a few days.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frisk visited at the
Kortan home Thursday evening.
J. F. Klaffen of Melrose called at
Oakland Farm Saturday.
The ellison family spent Sunday
afternoon at Connellyfs.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otte spent Sunday
at John Cites in Melrose.
Mr.. and Mrs. Connolly and Esther
called at Wilcox's Sunday.
Mr.. Wenzel and family. spent Sun
day afternoon at A. Lloyds.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Tank spent
Sunday evening at Lloyd's.
Mrs. Mann took dinner at the
Arthur Lloyd home Sunday.
Mr.. Birdsell was business visitor
at the Wilcox home Sunday.
Ben Putnam was business caller
at the Oak Grove Farm Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Determan visit
ed friends near Melrose Sunday.
Isabel Dinkle is spending a few
DAYS with her sister, Mrs. Botz.
Miss Walker, sister of Henry Walk
err, left Tuesday for North Dakota.
Clarence Dickerson and Olive Old
ham called at Arthur Lloyd's Sunday.
Mrs Madsen spent Friday and Sat
urday morning at the Connolly home
Miss Fern Stegner returned to her
sisters, Mrs. Gus Anderson OF Kan
dota.
The Kortan girls spent Sunday with
their grandparents, Mr.. and Mrs. > ;
Kortan.
g Martin Peterson and Miss Matilda
Ransch called at Vessels Saturday
evening.
Leo Demro is driving tractor, ploW-
ing. for Brown Bros, on their farm
east of town.
Mrs. Hutchinson and Roger, Mr.. and
Mrs. Craig Wilcox, took dinner al
Ehr's Sunday.
J, Davis and son from Long Prair-
;e were business callers at Oakland
Farm Sunday.
G. Walker and Fern Stegner spen,
Tuesday evening of last week at the
Connolly home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Grundmann visitee
at Charles Kortan's Thursday after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kingsbury and Mr.
and Mrs. Iwinski and families spen
Sunday evening at Botz's.
Teasel Kennedy left for her schoo
last Sunday. She will teach her Sc
cond term in the Lynch district.
Mr.. and Mrs. Iwinski, and Mr.. ant
Mrs. Kingsbury drove to GreenWal'
and Mere Grove last Sunday.
A few friends stepped in last Wed