davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

This upward tendency in exchange is
largely due to optimism regarding the
early resumption of the nitrare trade
the foundation of all Chilean prosper
ity-and the probability of the flota-
tion of new foreign loan 1t is re-
ported that sales recently have been
made by North American nitrate pro-
ducers, who are not members of the
Nitrate Producers Association, to for
eign firms at price below that agreed
on by the association and the "pool, :"
holders of present nitrate stocks in Eu-
rope. This was dene without the in
tervention of the association. Another
factor in the improvement in exhcange
is the creation Of distinctly optimis~
tic feeling caused by the arrival in
Valparaiso several days ago of Sir
Herbert Gibbs, the London representa-
tive Of the pool. Sir Herbert has
come to Chile at the invitation Of the
President of the republic for the pur-
pose of studying, together with the
representatives of the producers as
sociation and delegates from the
Chilean government, the possibilities Of
liquidating the present large stocks of
nitrate on hand in Europe at reduced
price and thereby activate production.
There is a general belief current that
these conferences will result in a salts
factory solution of Chile's economic
problems. Added to this there is the
nope that has sprung up in. the last
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Textile Prices Steady

"In general the prices of textiles are
on a fairly even keel, but in the gar
ment trades we find wide variance
in prices. The large commission houses,
through which piece goods are sold
are we'll financed and make their prices
on the basis of cost of production, in
fiuenced by demand. Even if they
have surplus stocks, they are able,
financially to hold them, if demand is
not strong. In the garment trades,
however, there are hundreds, even
thousands, Of small manufacturers who
have bills for raw materials coming
due. or who are carrying excess piece
goods in stock
"The financial pressure on these peo-
pie is strong, and their ability to hold
their goods varies in inverse ratio to
the size of their individual bank ac-
counts. Thus it is that we find some
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
lnfestatioss at Peak

Conditions to-day are as astounding
as they are disconcerting. The loss to
the farmer from this cause over the
100000, and the future does not seem to
be promising, when B. r. Coad, of the
United States Department Of Agri-
culture, tells US that eve have Wit
messed this year the greatest infesta-
ton IN history. We have no reason to
doubt that this infestation will con-
tlnue until all parts of the cotton-gro
ing country have been covered. The
weevll is now within hailing distance of
the northern bounds of the cotton zone,
ana may be expected to reach the bor-
der lines before the 1923 season has
BECOME history"
Estimates as to the damage caused
by the weevl vary widely The un-
Dlased and careful statements of gov
crnment experts by no means bear out
others published by the farmers Off
clals. This is borne out by state
ment in the official organ of the Cotton
Association on October l, to the effect
that Texas, being the first state invaded
by the boil weevil, the only way that
state has been able to maintain her
leadership in cotton production and
keep up her average yields around
100000 bales annually has been to
practically double her cotton acreage.
This assertion does not agree with the
ofhcial yield per acre for the state
winch shows q ten-year average, 1911
1920, OF 15S pounds to the acre, while
the yield in 1920 was 140 pounds.
W. D. Hunter, in charge Of Southern
Field Crop Investigations for the
United States Bureau Of Entomology,
writing in 1016, puts the situation in
another way: "The average yield per
ac-e IN Texas from 1893 to 1901 (when
the weevi had not done damage suffi-
cient to affect the general production)
was Gao bale. The average since that
time, 1902 to 1911, was 0.34 bale. By
comparing these periods we have a
reasonably accurate basis for estimat
ing the damage the insect has done.
The difference is 0.06 bale, or thirty
POUNDS OF lint cotton per acre each
wear"
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
advertising Rules

13. Refusal to accept advertising
upon other than ethical grounds.
IA. Threats to withdraw advertising
unless competitors advertising is ex-
cluded or unless certain discriminatory
favors are granted.
nopoly.
Is. Obtaining estimates from COM
petitors through bogus requests by a
third party.
II. Threats to withdraw patronage
from a firm supplying raw materials
if same raw materials are sold to COM
petitors.
1S. Bidding prices Of raw materials TO
& point where business becomes un-
profitable, for the purpose of driving
out weaker competitors.
10. Purchasing a competitors ,innsed
goods, already sold, from q customer,
and substituting ones own goods.
20. Threatening to force competitor
out of business unless he keeps out Of
certain territories.
21. Selling or offering to sell below
cost or at less than a fair profit to
force competitor out of the field.
%. Making up and disseminating
false cost sheets.
%. Payment of bonuses to jobbers'
statesmen, who with or without the
knowledge of employers, for pushing
of certain goods as against competitors
goods.
"a. Giving away of goods. other than
customary samples, in large quantities
to hamper and embarrass competitors.
25. Combinations of competitors to
raise or maintain or bring about uni
formity in prices, to divide territory
or allot customers.
26. Offering goods through second
hands for less than their direct sales
nrica
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Textiles Suffer
In Export Drop
Shipments of Various Classes
Less Than One-third of
Those of Last Year

WASHINGTON, Oct. 29.-For the
ninemonths ended September 80, 1921,
the total export commerce of the
United States in dollars was but SO
per cent of the total foy the CORE
spending period in 1920. This decline
was to be expected, not alone because
of the decreased volume of exports, but
also because of lower prices.
'In connection with this Decline"
says E. t. Pickard, chief of the Textile
Division of the Department of Com
merce, sit will be of interest to OBJ
serve het relationship which various
classes of textiles had to the total
The following tabulation shows the
percentages shipped, as compared with
snuary-September a year ago:
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Price and Quality Uncer-
tainties Confront Those
Who Seek Merchan-
disc for Resale TO Con-
sumers at Present Time

Garment buyers complain that it is
increasingly difficult for them to Sc
lect styles that will please the great
est number Of their customers, keep
ing always IN mind that price is an
important element. By the spread of
fashion magazines the consumer in the
most remote hamlet or village now has
up-to-date ideas on style.
What the buyer has to contend with
in the direction of style was explained
by man who is buying women's ap-
parel for a syndicate that is probably
the largest combination of retail stores
in the country.
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

~ "O" IHVEUIIS utCIue 20 annlhlIate
each other,'' says Mr.. Douglas, "copper"
assumes an even greater Importance
than gold. You might, probably could,
Kill man with gold, but it would not
be easy; you simply cannot kill man
III scientific, up to date manner with
out copper. AS facetious writer once
said; The nation that goes to war with
out good stock of copper is worse
Off than it would be without a board Of
strategy"
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Losses from WeeriI

On the other hand, cotton is un,o.e
among the tiber-bearing plants of COM
merce. 1t puts on much more fruit than
IL can mature, and about so per cent
OF the squares that are put on are
shed-this without the intervention of
the boil weeyil, As averages over a
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
for Winter

With the advent of cold weather the
adults begin to seek protection against
the winter. They fly from the cotton
fields in every direction into hedges,
woods, cornfelds, haystacks, farmbuild-
ings or other places. Many obtain
alternating quarters without leaving
the cotton fields. 1t has been found
that less than 3 per cent of the weevils
entering Information can be expected
to survive the winter under average
conditions, therefore, the tremendous
Importance of reducing this percentage
must be evident.
1t would appear, too, that evolution
is at work, since, as the weevil be-
comes more and more acclimated, its
destructive power increases, and it un-
doubtedly adapts itself to new en-
vronmental conditions as it spreads
over new areas. Many insects re-
semble the cotton boil weevil more or
less closely. In fact, there are hun
dreds of species of weevils in this
country that may easily be mistaken
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Reciprocity Now Urged
10 Aid Canadian Trade
Proposal Rejected in 1911 More Favor
ably Regarded by AericuIturists;
Paramount T. Political Issue
Speciot Dispatch 10 The T,ybunc

>ohONTO Oct 29Cosely related
tariff protection be maintained an
pfoAlmatey the present level reduced
December
shall seek trade arrangement the United States providing for
reciprocal tariff concessions The possibility
men IN reversal of the decision the
frankly held support by Hon r.
Crera leader of the Progressive
electors Crerar
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Ice Cream Supply Men
Codify Business Ethics
Fair Practice Rules Govern Relations ~
Seller and Buyer as Well as
Comp etitors

ethics because Of the unethical conduct of bu
and sellers that light within years ~ [
receiving considerable
commercial organizations of "canation and bur
established in various
the adjustment of disputes between buyers and sellers have
being have accomplished something the dr.
Of elevating business a higher plane.
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Copper Industry in New Battle

Sc WEN come manned of war 50 NOT ;rf
quehtly do industries foundations bat+od
ms statement by Walter Douglas president of the phe1
Doage Corporaon the October OF Conoro
na Is used to describe the condition copper and af6led
lolowng the cessation of hostilties in Europe
Nar Douglas doubts of the connr,
Du'"aks got so complete orcng World War os
ih's was due to the fact that copper withdrawn almost
the arts of and devoted war ~ oN'
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Boom in Nitrate May Aid Chile
Sir Herbert Gibbs, London Representative of Newly
Formed Nitrate ''Pool," Arrives in Valparaiso;
Hope to Sell to Germany
Special Foreign Financial Correspondence

SANTIAGO, Chile, October 1.
SEVHE peso, steady during last
month of dollars and sering rejecting the
settled condition of of the
of fnanciers, After touching
dollar
sterling it has jumped by leaps bounds until to-day
tering the dollar pound
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

ut is reported from reliable sources
that there are still adequate unliqui-
dated stocks of textiles in many of the
chief export markets. The deprecia-
tlon OF foreign exchanges has also had
marked deterring influence upon buy
ing factors.
Recent advances in the prices of
cotton and cotton products have had a
tendency to stimulate interest on the
part of the foreign buyer, resulting in
substantial orders. This new move
ment, OF course, is not reected in any
of the export figures complied for the
current year."
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

French chemical industries show a
remarkable development in those mate
rials for which it, like other countries,
was dependent on Germany before the
war. The same is true of British in
dustries, especially in the coal-ta
products and dyestuffs,
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

most retailers were carrying abnormaily
low stocks there would be rush for
merchandise to tide them over the
period Of railroad tie-up. This de-
yclopment failed to materialize, largely
because the buyers, according to their
own statements, felt that a strike
would cut into their sales and there
was no necessity in stocking up in
the face of curtailed demand for
goods.
"This was especially true of many
railroad terminal towns, where the
purchasing power of the public reflects
railroad wage earnings. Some Of the
buyers, after carefully considering the
situation, bought some extra mer-
chandise, but confined their purchases
tc goods that were fairly staple and
which could be carried over for con-
siderable period if necessary. There
was no great augmented demand for
seasonable apparel, due to strike posi-
bilities. What did happen, however,
was strengthening of demand for
! sessonable goods, based on colder
weather, which sent consumers into the
stores. This is the reflection of a
number of buyers as we'll as sellers
who have given this development some
thought and investigation.
Demand for Lower Prices
"The buyer now has more difficulty
in keeping up on quality and style.
III the effort to meet the demand for
lower prices quality has been lowered
by many producers, the buyers say,
with the result that the latter are COM
PEELED to scrutinize their purchases
closely. New styles have been fostered
by manufacturers in the hope of stimu-
lating trend, and some of these styles
are bound to achieve some following
by the general public. The multiplicity
of style offerings must be scanned by
the buyer, and he must make decisions
in his own mind regarding the SAL
ability of a few.
An illuminating comment on this
phase of buying was given by a promi
nent shoe manufacturer in Brooklyn
whose output is among the leading
style merchandise in the shoe world.
"Many buyers have played the style
game wrong" he said, because of
their desire to avoid sharp decisions.
They figured that they could buy a
wide range of styles, and thus appeal
to all the varying tastes of the consum-
ing public. This is wrong, and has
been proved by actual developments.
What the buyer must do is to select
only a few styles from those pre-
sented to him for selection, and then
merchandise them on basis of rapid
turnover"
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

the pest-worse this season than ever
before-the inference is that our cct-
ton growers might just. as we'll have
used the methods of the Hindoo for all
the use or benefit they have derived
from the preventive method worked out
for them by government scientists.
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
lOO,O0O,000 Loss by Boil Weevil Stirs South

number of years form a sound basis on
which to form conclusions, it is inter
estlng to note that during the eleven
years l9O9-19 Of the average yearly
crop lJses from all causes amounting
to 3o.5 per cent insect pests of all kinds
were responsible for 81 per cent.
Nevertheless, while the South may at
times overdraw the extent of this prob
lem, she does not go far enough when
she insists that the menace is a ma
tional one and not sectional, because
unless better controlled than it has
been so far it will sooner or later con-
Germ the entire human race.
The boil weevil, so far as is known
at present, has no food plant other than
cotton. The adult is about one-fourth
Of an inch in length, with a breadth
about one-third of it's length. The
measurement includes the snour, which
is about one-half of the length of the
body. An egg matches in about three
days and the grub Immediately begins
to feed. 1t reaches the adult stage in
from twelve to seventeen days, and
about tive days later begins the pro-
Jority of weevils do not live longer
than sixty days. During the cooler
part of the year some of them live
as long as six months. They move from
the weevil is a comparatively weak fier
among insects it has been known to
cover distance of more than forty
miles in short time. Ordinarily be-
tween the middle of August and the
first of September the insect seems to
be seized with an instinct to migrate
and extend its range into new terri
tory. The weevil does not fly in any
particular direction except as governed
by the wind. The individuals carrying
the infestation into new regions are
those that happen to radiate in the
direction of previously uninfested
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Opposition In Quebec

1t is certain that any move toward
reciprocity would be opposed strenu-
ously by protectionists in Ontario and
by many in Quebec. Indeed, it is not
outside the realm of possibility that
reciprocity may be the issue on which
the next Parliament will abandon it's
group organization and divide into pro-
reciprocity and nti-reciprocity parties.
Antl-reciprocity forces in the Domin-
ION already are working to defeat any
effort which may be made to secure
reversal of the decision of 1911. "The
Montreal Star" has warned that the
Farmers party, or the "Progressivcs. "
as that party now is designated, is
planning for reciprocity. and the Cana
dian Reconstruction Association has
published and is distributing widely
pamphlet entitled Canada and
Reciprocity With the United States" "
which the association describes as 'an
analysis of tariff relations between the
two countries which shows how, after
repeated and almost continuous re-
buffs by powerful neighbor concerned
primarily with the advancement of it's
own prosperity, Canada was forced to
policy of self-reliance and self de
velopment, and that rejection of the
proposed agreement in 1911 was a
nation to maintain its industrial, COM
mercial and political independence"
u. $. UnsUilIing NoaU
In reckoning the prospects Of a new
reciprocity arrangement between Can
ada and the United States it must be
remembered that it requires two
parties to make an agreement. And it
does not call for unusual political sa-
gaclty to recognize that the agreement
OF 1911 would not be acceptable to the
present United States Administration.
IL is doubtful whether Canada could
secure now, at any price which the
Dominion would pay, free entry to the
United States for the products of Cana
dian farms.
The Fordney bill invites a measure
OF reciprocity with other countries, and
1t might be possible TO obtain some
CONCESSIONS in respect Of Canadian
agricultural commodities, fish, etc, in
return for a lowering of the Canadian
tariff duties on manufactured goods.
put to any arrangement of this kind
there would be the strongest opposi-
tion from Canadian protectionists.
stu, 1T may be practicable for the
next Canadian government-if it should
consist OF Liberals, or Farmers, or q
coalition of these e1ements-to win
credit from the pro- reciprocity inter
ests for an effort to negotiate a new
trade arrangement with the United
States and yet to avoid precipitating
another reciprocity contest by reject
ing as impossible of acceptance the
only terms which Washington is pre-
pared to give.
Such development would enable the
protesting advocates of reciprocity in
Canada to throw the onus of responsi-
nll ty upon the Conservatives, as the
party which blocked the acceptance of
reciprocity at the only time when it
was obtainable on reasonable con-
oltlons. This much, at least, seems
certain that reciprocity is not q dead
issue IN Canada, and despite Sir VIII
frld Laurier's oft-quoted declaration
Tannai 70 nae contrary, there may still be
tom" ""'as
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

Canada and supplement- party pledges
at least in part by attempting to make
a new deal with Washington and per-
haps forcing it through the Canadian
Parliament. But the Liberals will
hardly seek reciprocity of their own
voiltion, unless such course should
be found necessary in order to defeat
low tariff friends or win over certain
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

for the enemy Of cotton. Many mis-
taken reports about the occurrence of
weevils far outside the infested area
have been due to mistakes that have
arisen on account of this similarity.
An interesting habit of the pest is to
fcign death or "play 'possum" when
disturbed, and this has had to be taken
into account in the plans of control
When, in 1894, the boil weevil had
spread to half dozen counties it was
brought to the attention of the Bureau
of Entomology, which on even pre-
liminary examination found the enor-
nous capacity for damage of the pest.
Since 1894 it has extended it's range an
nually from forty to seventy miles.
During the first ten years after it's
invasion Of this country the annual
late of spread was 5,64O square miles.
Since 1901 the annual increase in the
infested area has been 26,8SO square
miles, but in the exceptional season of
1904 the spread was $1,000 square
miles. OF course, the figures do not
refer to the area actually planted in
cotton, for in many parts of the in
tested territory the area devoted to
cotton is much less than 10 per cent of
the total
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Competitor as. Competitor
UNFAIR PRACTICES OF Compel,

UNFAIR PRACTICES OF COMpET,-
TOR AS AGAINST COMPETITOR
1. Bribery of customers emplove,,
to introduce foreign substances into
competitors goods already purchases
2. Tampering with or misadjusting
goods sold by competitor, for tho
purpose Of discrediting him with Gus
toner.
3. Bribery of competitors en-.
ployees or spying on competitors =,
plant, trailing Of competitors delivery
and sales agents, bribing railroad en-
ployees for information about corr.
petitor's shipments, stealing or conv.
ing competitors blueprints, or anv
other means 10 the end of procuring
competitors business or trade secrets
a. Procuring breach, withdrawal nv
delay of COMPETITORS contracts with
customers by Misrepresentation or bv
any other means.
5. Inducing competitors employee.
to leave in such numbers as to disor.
ness.
6. Making false or disparaging state
ments, either written or oral, respect-
irg competitors products, selling
prices, business, financial or personal
standing. etc.
7. Threats of suits of patent in
fringement for selling or using alleged
infringing products of a competitor
unless such threats are made in good
faith.
8. Threatening to sue a competitor
for the purpose of intimidation.
9. False claims to patents or mis-.
representation Of the scope of patents.
10. Stimulating in ones own product
the trade mark, trade name, cartons,
slogans, advertising matter, or ap-
pearance of a competitors product.
II. Converting raw materials Of
competitors to ones own use by d.
verting shipments through bribery,
trickery or Misrepresentation.
10, Depriving competitor Of trans
portation facilities through bribery Of
railroad employees, trickery, exercise
of 1lndua influenza or anY other means
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30

A new method of attack, however,
has been devised by the Association of
Ice Cream Supply Men. which has put
into operation what is known as fair
practices code" This code consists of
forty rules, fourteen of which govern
the relations of the seller against the
buyer and twenty-six governing com
petitive actions.
The code was drawn up by commit
tee consisting of o. S. Jordan, of Brown
& Shaw, New York; B. B. Scott, Provi-
dence, r. L.; l.. B. Ismon, of the Essex
Gelatine Company, Boston; X w.
Schantz, Buffalo; II. H. Miller, Miller
Industries Company, Canton, Ohio, and
Roberts Everett, secretary of the as
sociation
New-York tribune., 1921-10-30
Pest Adapts Itself to Cir
cumstances and Spreads
With Great Rapidly;
Restrictive Measures of
Little Avail So Far
By William Whittam

Formerly Special Agent, United
States Department of Agriculture
OINCE the Mexican cotton Dol
- weevil invaded the United
- States it has been in turn
cursed as calamity and exalted as
the preserver of the prosperity of
the inhabitants of the American cot
ton growing states. At least one
community has erected a monument
to it, as a benefactor, in forcing
diversified farming upon a region
that was sorely in need of this in
novation.
For twenty-nine years it has spread
destruction over an overwhelming area,
until to-day it infests n per cent of
the cotton-g growing area of the coun-
try. And as the ravages Of the pest
have been worse during the present
cotton season than at any time since
its invasion, progress and destruction
were first recorded, it is fitting to in
quire into the circumstances attending
this menace to the international, no
less lnan Ine american, COTTON lnduS-
try.
1t has cost the cotton growers of the
invaded territory billions of dollars
during the last thirty or so years, has
depopulated whole counties and,
according to the officials of the farm
ers' organization. hundreds of mer-
chants and small banks have been
forced into bankruptcy and tens of
thousands of farmers financially ruined.
This alien scourge is generally said
to have first shown itself in the United
States near Brownsville, Tex, in 1892,
although it was lightly mentioned by
w. B. Dana in 1878 as "a pest which
cannot be very inir1inls,