davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
SCHOOLBOYS'C[ASH.
FOR GOLF CROWN
Play Qualifying Round In East
ern IntersohoIastic Tourney
Over Merion's East Course
THREE TEAMS COMPETE

Play began this morning over the
cast course of the Merton Cricket Club
for the team and Individual titles in the
annual Eastern Intcrscholastic Golf
Tournament. The youthful club wield-
ers were engaged in eighteen hole medal
play. the scores Of which will be used
to qualify the boys In individual play
and also will count in the team prize.
There were only three schools rep
resented for the team championship.
Tome, Hill and Lawrcnceville. Hill
School. having won the title last year.
was heavy favoritc to repeat. The
Hill boys have beaten Lawrenceville
this spring 12 matches to 0, and Tome
IN to Az.
Among the local schools that COM
peted in medal play. today were Llaneerch,
phia High. Penn Charter and Brown
Prep. .L II
The present individual champion Is
Henry Gassoway Davis, 3D., Of Hill
School. He Is competing again and ap-
pears to have good chance to win,
although he will have lot of competi-
tion. Among the youngsters who will
give Davis a battle are II. V. yox,
Berkley High (BostonD William Cur
rnn, Penn Charter Willis Jones, Tome,
and T. II. Hanson. Brown Prep. Jones
comes from Atlanta and lives directly
across the street from Bobby Jones,
although they are not related.
The smallest boy In the tournament
il Charles II. Harding. Haverford
School He IL thirteen years old and Is
Just about rs tall as his brassie.
There is n team Gun and individual
prizes for the finals. 81.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
L,terpocl. I TfnsIani. N

liverpool. ENGLAND. MNyEI.
r,uERE are possibly several differ
u srccs between Bobby Jones and the
.own Of Chester. situated near Hoylakc.
~, me main difference Is this--C hes I
,ss,s nsI 1000 years old and Bobby is nine
teen. 80 ta
~ A Scottish lad or a Scottish lsssie
n,t win. Cnrncustic is pulling for
c.hhy Tones and Aiexa Stirlins. Both
~ Is% H%nunilr Of Stuart Maiden. who left
r.,roustie for Atlanta some. years asc
\ - teach the young Idea how to shoot a
~.shie or a brassie shot. Not to for.
n.s that Miss Stirling was born in
cctlsnd Being Scottish born and
Sccttish taught. she is 100 per cent
seot 10 all the MacPhersons, Mean
drews etc. tt1Es
r,HE wonderful putting Of Francis
i Ouimet would carry hiW quite q dis
lance in this championship. even ~ the
rest Of his game was not as. sound as II
4 The Bostonian is p|ayine cham.
n,ouship golf md, can be rated second
< no one In the field .st +, .i gi.s
f The Last Stand
fAmericans who do not understand
how keen the british are to maintain
iheir golf prowess may get better
iXea from these verses which appeared
sorue time ago in PunchO
rtHers Of cloth non hang round and
Aobble vs., tts,.
; sriftiy tie web Is spun.
scsrce hare Hc time ere the spiders
TO atier "Jack Robinson"
CAid Of our sAames zoe hurc lost our
70 srcei tie ,oorid at Olympic oomes,
We ore heirs no more to the old DIS
wo oeU'"i, oeD ~eitAer leap nor ran.
Where. al, pkere. shall ice seek asVian'.
Hop shall zoe giId again, ~
pallen ond tarnished deep, the philom
Coronaisf Ftank and Dane
P;lch from our brops the oIipe bocs.
Eyriniers zoe have. but they holt Ike
cors, ~.
Ard az for our chess and, our chuckino
the pplum--L ss 'sg
Al, stop-if is. too mach. pnin.
When lo-Iikc sunbprss seen through
rdpor -H
Asa three days foo clears of,
josnd fhis par In nv n,ornings paper.
"Hellas embraces 0otf9
FrescAman and Ydnk. you may keep
pour srank
with the guicering lathe and the direr's
sfii tank.
Bat rho shoH bcst DER the bunker caper
or jousi in the sdni flied troughf
Nose, / think, b1f>thc Iorcd Of hedcen,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
E4LEXA STIRLING IS
100 PER CENT SCOT
American Coll Star Born Scotland and She Is Scottish
Taught Pupil Of Stuart Maiden, as Is
ss ssfs g, Bobby Jones "A
By GRASSLAND RICE

Whose path Is The ancient prcea,
Whose hearts arc buoycd ,cith the sea
dog 4 Iearen. tjt
IVkose brgnd Ia the iron kcca.
Duly The race ,rifh the brdssio face
That folIom fAc spheres in a long, stern
chase, . tei
.Thaf sfiI putt ont as tAe tavs Of Dceon
Pvt oHt to the Sponish teen.
Here fso carry our drircs, o Castor,
Polfur our chip shofa ckc) 81
ciH scager a cropm 10 mere piosfre
That Yankees aud Gdul and Greek
And the fara,cov Japs aud the sicdge
borne Laps
Shall fdH 10 our plus four handicaps
And the pods shall fusfcp the oledsfcr
To the blade Of Bri'ish c'eck.
T,fIEsE verses might be held MS tn,
i golflng war cry Of Great Britain
upon the eve Of her greatest test. But
In all justice We must say that It was
penncd before the writer saw the pres
ent American golf team In action.
TsAURIE JENKINS. British amateur
- champion In 1914! before the wal
was declared, has found IL hard to get
back into the old swing Of the game
since he put away khaki He had four
years OF, It, plus n number Of wounds.
and his game naturally has never been
quite the same. but he is still a de-
termined opponent and capable Of fine
so.f, hard fighter to the final putt. /,
NIIIIEN Francis ('uimet came over
w here seven years ago for the first
time he had just conquered EardOn and
Ray the fall before in the most sensa-
'tional golf match ever known. He mp
pearcd as the twenty one year old open
champion of. America. but he lacked the
experience under fire to keep up his
Bro0klinc pace. He was trying too
hsrd to live up. to his reputation, and
when he began to slip his game broke
badly. He will be. quito q different
Ouimet In his next appearance.
TNIIE smiling countcnance of 'Chick'
i Evans is still remembered by hun
drcds of friends made In 1011 and 1914.
The general impression among close stu /.
dents Of golf Is that his style has
changed for the better. having moved
Into simpler. more compact range
"Chick" certainly won't be beaten be =.
tween the tee and the green. II he
comes upon trouble II will be in the vi
cinity of the PIN. The power and com
pactncss Of Bobby Jones' game has also
mnde a deep Impression upon veteran
critics. who now understand why Harry
Vardon went so far in his praise of the
young Georgian. .....
COPYRIGHT. 1891 All rights reserved
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
West PhiIadslphla c. c. Wins

cied TO Bryn Mawr yesterday and defeated
the home club. 8 to 2. Mike Barret pitched
~ west Catholic and vas IN splendid form
accepted four chances aheid and had two
runs and three hits out Of four times at bat.
out a game for Saturday or Sunday and
also has Memorial Day. A. NJ. and p. ID.
my home club desiring this attraction.
4 thirty-ninth street, West Phila deiphis. or
phone Belmont 04S2 W between and Z
p NJ -
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
Abroad for Titles Over British GO
Polo at Country Club
VIII Start Tomorrow

Polo competition for the Temora
Cup will start tomorrow afternoon
Mt the Philadelphia Country Club
field instead of today as previously
announced, The opening game will
be between the Philadelphia Coun-
try Clubs first team and that of the
War Department.
The second match is carded for
Thursday and will bring together
the Philadelphia Country Clubs
second combination and the Bryn
Mawr team, while the finals are
scheduled for next Saturday.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
Today's Local Ball Games

BridesburE Mt Fleisher. Twenty-sixth and
Wharton streets. ~ .
Insurance Leagur---Ca mden mt Marylend.
National Hank nnd Trust LcnSus--C'irnrd
bankers and St0ckbr0k~rs' Lrague--Red-
mond & Go. Mt r, u. Smith & Co., Stenton
Field. Twenty.thi and Ontario strecta:.
Bank and Trust Company LenGuo~--FirSt
NstionaL VI. Commsnwenith r. and r. Co.
Drexel Hill. ~
Philadelphia Financial Leaguc-Mnrket St.
Trust Go, Va. Franklin Trust, kinRsessna
RecreatiOn Center. Fifticth street and Ches.
ter avenue.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
pop Anson Is In Town

Bill Donovan. Of thA Phils. and Pat Moran.
Of Cincinnati, together with their respective
ball players, will be guests OF Captain
Adrian G. Anson, better known In his base
ball days as Pop" at Keith's tonight
Anson 10 appearing there this week in a
sketch written By Ring Lardner for the
veteran ball player and his two daughters
The occasion 10 called "Daseball Night" b.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
CARPENTER works.
OUT FOR SCR|BES.
A. M. Training Done in Secret.
Georges "Flip" in Lime
light
DEMPSEY RESUMES DRILL

Manhasset, n. Y. May 23.--Georges
Carpenter today began real ring work
in preparation for his fight with Jack
Dempsey, July 2. His morning work.
out was in secret, but this afternoon he
performed before a large delegation of
newspapermen.
Fame in the world Of CANNES has
come to Flip Belgian police dog.
owned by Carpenter. The dog already
has played an important part In train
ing activities.
Since the close Of the war and much
of the time during the conflict. Corpen-
tier has had the dog with him con-
stantly. mot as a mascot, just as a
friend" he declared today as the pair
tramped around the large estate on
which the camp Of tho boxer has been
established
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
White Elephants Win Two

Hushey McLoons White Elephants made
II twelve out Of thirteen when they
won a closely played game with the Madi-
son Boys Club on saturday. 3 to .. and
defeated the Fewster Country Club SUNDAY.
1s to T. ..... - ...a -
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
Five Leading Batters
in Tioo Major Leagues
NATIONAL LEAGUE

knocked out once by Dempsey and badly
punished the other times he faced him.
Jack Kearns. manager Of the cham
pion, said he plans to have a new set
of sparring partners for Dempsey every
ten dnYs.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

Yesterdays major ieague honne-run cloutcrs
wwers CSbSi ,o Detroit; Bob @ @Meussi ,ss. Tsnsssss
VIII tied. Pittsburgh: Carey, Pittsbursh
Snyder. Giants: Burns, Giants.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

Co9per's victory over the Now York Giants
was his seventh straight win. The two home
runs made by his teammates materially aided
Cooper In winning.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

The Baltimore Dry Dock team visited Ma
tivity and were treated to a 1910 defeat
while thousands of. Phil Haggerty's friend,
Y.ewed the slauRhter.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

The Yankees win over the st. Louis
Browns. 8.5, was made possible by the nne
pitching OF Carl Mays and his blow In the
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
Larry Williams In Jacks Camp

Atlantic City, n. j., May 23.--After
a days layoff Jack Dempsey today re-
sumed training for his heavyweight
championship contest with Georges Car
pentier. The champion was eager to
resume work after n twenty four hour
rest. Larry Williams, of Bridgeport,
Conn. Joined the champions staff of
sparring partners.
Williams is Philadelphia heavy
weight and will replace Jack Clifford,
of Brooklyn. who quit after working
six days with Dempsey. Clifford was
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

Coyslcskic shut out the Red Sox,. 8 10 Q
Tri1 Speakers two doubles helped his cham
pions come through.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

The Pirates advanced by ledps and bounds
tUhcn they trimmed tho Gtdnts. They notp
arc leading the Noo workers. by toar~dnd-a-
half pdmes,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
CINCINNATI HERE
TO meet PH|LL|ES
Pat Moran's Club Opens Series
at Fifteenth and Huntingdon
Streets Today
H U BBELL MAY HURL

Our Phillies will meet. the Cincinnati
Reds this afternoon in deadly combat
for the loft handed championship of
the National League. A victory for
Wild Wills folks will put them in sew
cnth place. n comparatively. high posi-
ton and really high one for them.
Pat Moran's young men breezed into
the city last night and look to be cell
lar form. They have been struggling
nobly to help our Phils out of last
place. but they have been unable to
do it yet because the home club has
been playing worse :han Cincinnati.
IIubbell was scheduled to do the
pitching this afternoon against the
Reds. Hubbcll has been getting into
better form recently than he mas shown
this season and Donovan expects him to
come through In good style on his next
start. Frank Bruggy will be behind
the bat for the Phils.
While Pat Moran wasn't certain
whom he would use this afternoon in
the box. he said that he thought he
would select Napier. ..
!Today's game begins ut 3 80 =. NJ.
sullivan the Cubs left fielder had two
singles, n double and u triple In Ave times at
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

The Racquet Club baseball team, defeated
the Philudc lphid Cricket Club team ycster-
dap aud took the lead In the tnferclab league.
StGn Pearson plays third base on the Racquet
Club uinr.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23
Join New England !. A. A.

Boston. May - 23.--Rhode Island State
College and f,oston ynivsrsity were ad;;
intercollegiate Athletic Association at the
annual meeting mere, 80
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-05-23

Tv Cobb ts stiH HON c.runnfno. He OF
another In the AS Oums yesterday.
The Washington times., 1921-02-07
ELECTION EXC|TES
ALL south AFRICA

LONDON. Feb. The political
campaign In the Union of South
Africa, with African secession from
the British empire as the leading is
sue, has reached fever heat, and the
whole country is in whirIwind Of
excitement. said adviccs from Cape
Town. Pretoria and Durham today.
The ballotins will take place to-
morrow. ts.
FolIowers of General SHUTS. leader
OF the imperialists tanti-secessiou
ists) claim that labor will support the
imperailists on home issues. notably
the continuance of South Africa as
part of the British Empire, but viii
oppose other planks' of the imperal-
lists platform.
Secession from the British empire
is the chief plank of the nationalists.
led by General Herzog. who wants
South Africa converted into an tn
dependent republic. rr
Labor leaders declare that, whether
South Africa remains In the British
empire or not. they win make the
class war" live issue in the
country.
The Washington times., 1921-02-07
PRINCESS GIVES UP
T|TLEF0R HUSBAND
Love Is Fast Democratizing Ger.
man Nobility, Recent Wed
dingS Show.

BERLIN. Feb. 7.-Lovc is rapidly
democratizinr Gcrmanys high nobil-
ity.
Following the preference OF Prin-
cess Joachim OF her, chauffeur to the
X Kaiser's son, resulting in the latter's 5
sensational suicide some months ago,
and of Princess August Wilhelm for
a man with the plain name OF Mayer,
causing another Kaiser's son to di-
vorce his wife. another sensation was
created In Berlin high society today
when the Princess Charlotte of Reuss
became the PLAIN Frau Robert
What has added to the stir over the
fact that the Princess gave up title
for love is the fact that she was a
widow aged fifty-four years old, and
that her husband OF democratic name
and rank is only twenty-eight
She has two sons. both princes. who
made good records during the war
and both OF whom are almost as old
as her husband.
The disparity OF the ages OF the
ple possibly may be explained
MI tly by the fact that the Princess,
'fTte Frau Schmidt, Is very wealthy.
German women. especially those
OF the former court circles, have gone
completely crazy" remarked a former
high court ofricial In commenting to
day on this new iovelinE Of ranks by
Cupid- .....
The Washington times., 1921-02-07
NATION
TO KEEP WORD
Secretary of Treasury Tells
Senate Abrogation Of Pledges
Would Be Unfortunate.
ISSUE LEFT FOR HARDING
Officials Will Put Further Euro
pean Financing Up to New
Administration.
ISSUE LEFT FOR HARDING

1T would be very unfortunate" II
the United States Government failed
to keep its outstanding financial OBJ
legations to certain European gov
ernments, Secretary Of the Treasury
Houston declared today when he ap-
peared before the Senate Judiciar,
Committee.
Houston said 1t Is possible that tn,
Treasury Department will make fur
ther payments on commitments al
ready made with or credits alread
extended to these foreign govern
ments, which he designated 40
France, Italy, Czecho-Slovakfa, Id
IBERIA, and Greece.
Houston estimated at $79.OOO.0O0
the amount of money the United
States Government was at present
under obligations" to furnish these
foreign governments.
DIFFERENCES ARISE.
The Secretary appeared today with
Nicholas Kelley, Assistant SecretAfY
of the Treausry. when the committee
resumed consideration of the bill
sponsored by Senator Reed. Demo-
crst, of Missouri, to prohibit further
loans or cred1tE to any fof@lkn ~.
lions. or the payment OF another
penny to them from the United StGtes
Treasury. ~sas. .ss .s35 II NJ
differences OF opinion aross again
among the. committees members AZ to
whether the Senate Judiciary COM
mittee or the. Senate Finance Com.
mittee should act on the bill.
LEAVES 1T TO HARDING.
intention to enter into any new loans.
credits or other commitments with
foreign nations, but to leave to hie
successor-the Republican secretary
of the Treasury of the Harding Adj
ministration--the responsibility OF
dealing further with the grave, prob
lens involved in billions owed the
United States by Great Britain.
France and other European nations.
81 am taking this position"
Houston explained. first, because
there is no Indication that i could
complete any financial agreement
might attempt to make now with a
foreign government; secondly. be-
cause there is no indication that any
representative of foreign govern
ment which is indebted to US fiuan-
cially can reach Washing ton within
the next week or ten days.
at is therefore obvious that It r.
too late, in view OF my retirement
from office soon, for me to do any
thing further in the matter"
Houston said he had explained fully
his position in the letter written BY
him to Senator Lodge, Republican. OF
Massachusetts,. read in the Senate
Saturday. 81,
"It would be inadvisabIe under the
circumstances for me to do anything
further" Houston added.
The Washington times., 1921-02-07
DAUGHTEROF AST0R
|. LOVESPOOR ARTIST

LONDON, Feb. Friends OF Lord
and Lady Ribblesdale have learned
with surprise an apparently well
founded report that Muriel Astor has
lost her heart to a poor English artist.
Her stcpfather, Lord Ribblesdale,
has forbidden" the marriage. He de-
clares he will not consent to her mar
rying any man who Is not able to sup
port a wife.
Although Murier is heiress to many
of the Astor millions, her marriage to
her poor artist seems doubtful, as her
mother is taking neutral position.
This is said to be partly because the
former Mrs Astor brought her mil
lions into tho Ribblesdale family.
Tho identity OF the sultor is stili a
mystery 80 far rs the public is con-
cerned. II is stated he worked in the
United states for some years.
Muriel declares she will remain
true to her love.
Muriel is the daughter OF the late
John Jacob and a sister OF Vincent
Astor, She recently made her bow to
London society.
II was reported at one time that
the Duchess OF Marlborough and Lady
Ribblesdale were extremely anxious
10 have her wed the duchess eldest
son. the Marquis OF R'audford The
heir to the Marlborough dukedom,
however. married the lovely Alexan-
dra Mary Cadogan. Later Muriei was
reported as desperately In love with
q young American naval officer.
The Washington times., 1921-02-07
AIM TO
RULEAUSTR|A
Commission to Control Finances,
Fix Taxes, Cut Army-U. S.
To Participate.
BY LUCIEN JONES,
Iuterna ational News Service.

VIENNA, Feb. 7.-Austria may
become virtually an allied depend
ency If the proposals Of the inter-
allied mission, which has been in
vestigating Austria's internal con-
ditions, are approved by the Aus
trian and allied governments, ac-
cording to the newspaper Mittag
Post today. a.
PROPOSALS PENDING.
This newspaper, published what
purports to, be the text Of the, pro-
oosals that will be considered by the
alice st their next conferencs "
The- details vera s-faxorahly-~.res,
ceived by the Austrian people. who
are LOSING hope in the ability OF the
Austrian governrnents to resurrect
prosperity Within the cesntfy, ,,..-s5..s
.'If these proposals :. are q adopted.
Austria will be taken over lock, stock,
and barrel" said the Mittag Post.
CONDITIONS STATED.
The main conditions of the inter-
Allied mission are: q
1-Austria will be placed under
complete supervision by an inter-Ai-
lied financial control commission, hav-
ing representatives from Great Brt-
tain, the United States, France, and
Italy. In addition, large financial
concerns which are expected to fur
nish credits will have representation
upon the commission. - 80 >
2-Every penny spent and received
by the Austrian government will nave
to be accounted for. ..s,.
3-The administration OF taxes will
be ffxed by the commission, which
will also AK the size of customs duties
and the amounts of postal, telephone.
railway, and postage rates
. DRASTIC CUT FOR ARMY. D..
4-The Austrian military forces will
be reduced to a minimum, but the po-
lice force will be Increased by TO-
600. The size of the Austrian army
will be determined by the size OF the
forces placed at the disposal Of the
by countries represented
upon ii and also by the number OF
neutral troops put at the disposal OF
the commission. Each country Will
bear the cost of the troops 1t sends
into Austria.
5-Austria will not be permitted to
pawn any state treasures; jewels. or
works of art without permission from
the commission.
6-The states which seeded from
Austria will be asked to participate
in the scheme for Austrian rehabili-
tatioh.
The Washington times., 1921-02-07

the living to write him. The adver-
tisement was answered by a Detroit
girl, who visited Bradford for a talk
on the subject.
WAY TO SOLVE MYSTERY.
1t was in some such conversation
as that Bradford. it is thought, de-
cided that there was only one way to
solve the mystery. Two minds, prop
erly attuned, must be used. and one
of these minds must shake of it's
earthly mantle.
Bradword went to bed early Friday
night. asking Narcotic, II. any one
should call to tell the person he
(Bradford) would not return until a
late hour.
Narcotic did not see Bradford all
Saturday. Finally, late at night. the
landlady went ap to the room. Gas
was pouring from under the door,
Narcotic pushed the door and found
II open. Entering, he discovered his
lodger in bed dead.
Bradford would often put on a
frock coat and impersonate DR.. Jekyll
and Mr.. Hyde" said Narcotic. 1t is
said Bradford was negotiating for the
publication or a book on spirtuslism
which he had written.
Bradford had but cents In his poe
kets-his worldly all But that was
purely msterialistlc and concerned
Bradford not at all His mind was
concentrated on that one tremendous
problom--he would prove to n skeptic
world "the dead do not die"
Bradford's last act was to will his
body to the Michigan Medical Insti-
tute for the benefit OF science.
The Washington times., 1921-02-07
Daniels Agrees
|ToDodge Bombs
Navy Secretary Says He's
Unafraid of Mitchell
Kind.

III General Mitchell can't throw
bombs any better than he can
throw logic / would be willing to
get on a battleship and let him
shoot bombs at me all day long"
Secretary OF the Navy Daniels said
today In commenting on the pro-
possl made by General Mitchell OF
the Army Air Service, that the navy
furnish some vessels to det rmine
the possibility OF their being put
out OF commission by aircraft.
Secretary Daniels said that there
seems to be an impression that he
does not favor development OF air
craft. This, he said. is erroneous,
and he pointed out that the navy
has made rapid development In sir-
craft.
~ do not favor doing away with
a proved weapon for an improved
one, though" the Secretary aid,
commenting on proposals that tho
construction OF capital ships should
be limited and aircraft developed
instead.