Evening star., 1921-10-14
MOST UNEMPLOYED
IN RICHEST nations
Survey Shows JobIess Fig
ures High in Proportion to
Favorable Exchange.
GERMAN CONDITIONS BEST
Only 3 Per Cent Without Work.
Total for World Ruins Into
the Millions.
GERMAN CONDITIONS BEST
BY PAUL SCOTT MoWRER.

BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER.
By Cable to The star and Chicago Daily News
Copyright. 1921
PARIS. France, October 14-Cnem-
ployment figures are high in the ex-
act proportion that exchange is ia
vorable, according to report of the
International Labor Board, which was
drawn up at the request of the United
States.
The outstanding feature of the re-
port, which the writer has just had
the opportunity of studying, indicates
the close relations, between lack of
work and slackness in the foreign
trade of countries having solid none
tary systems. In the figures egiven
the tendency is rather to underesti-
| mate than exaggerate the totals. The
report does not even attempt to guess
at the worlds total of unemployed,
but says that there are certainly sew
eral millions. The estimates by coun-
tries are as follows:
Estimates for Countries.
Enited States-More than 1000, 600
Canada-Sixteen per cent of organ
ized labor.
Japan-Two hundred and thirty
two thousand. including 1000 sailors
in Kobe alone.
hardest hit-Nearly 2,OU0. 900 officially
inscribed.
Switzerland-Twen thousand
wholly and 10000 partially unem-
ployed.
Denmark-Sixty-fiv thousand.
Norway-Seventeen per cent of or
ganized labor.
Swed an Thirty-five thousand
wholly and $4,000 partially unem-
ployed.
Helland-Sixteen per cent of or
ganized labor.
Belgium-One hundred and fifty
three thousand.
France (Which is one of the coun-
tries least affected)-One hundred
and twenty thousand wholly unem-
ployed.
Italy-One hundred and ten thou
sand wholly and 100000 partially un-
employed.
Czechoslovakia-Th seven thou
Germany--The climax of unemploy-
ment was in September. 1920; now
only per cent of the workers are
wholly unemployed.
buyers Strike Blnmed.
The industries most affected are
said to be clothing; the building
trades, and thten those engaged in
producing luXuries of various kinds.
such as automobiles, watches and
works of art, OF the world total of
$4,000 diamond cutters. 1900 are
now jobless.
Among the causes mentioned are
the strike of the buyers or consumers
following the eXorbitant rise in
prices, and war impoverishment.
Every one born in Britain now
comes into the world with a debt of
CLIO (normally $500; in France.
's1.154; in the United States. s236: in
Italy. SAIL. and in Germany. S795.
Every one living in Britain must give
on an average % per cent of his total
40 per cent; in the United States, 8
per cent; in Italy. 80 per cent, and in
Germany. % per cent. Such, at least.
were the estimates of the Brussels
conference.
The indirect causes of unemmoy-
ment are said to be multiplication of
useless Intermediates. deterioration
of industrial equipment. depreciation
of paper money. multiplication Of
government loans, which absorb all
savings, and political instability,
which hampers international trans
portation by increasing frontier re-
strictions.
Remedies Proposed.
The factors making naturally for
immediate ameliorati on-namely, the
gradual fall in prices, reduction of
existing stocks, Inc filling of places
made vacant by deaths in the war
and the pressing need for many
categories of merchandise-are judged
to be insufficient to bring any con-
siderable relief.
The general remedies proposed are:
Financial reha Utilization in countries
of deprecated currency. international
effort to devise means of political
stability, permitting the reopening of
frontiers. and, finally, readjustment
of population between the city and
country.
The rest of the voluminous report
is concerned with a discussion of the
palliatives now being tried in various
countries, and chief among which
are unemployment. indemnities and
insurance. the organization of short
time shifts, organization and control
of employment bureaus. utilization of
jobless workers on public works. and
lastly, emigration to other lands,
which, it is urged. should be freed
from many of the present restric-
tions. The report adds, however, that
1t would be better to strike direktly
at the underlying causes of unem-
ployment than to lose too much time
and effort on mere palliatives.