davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
-E-5.
YOUNG WOMEN MAY
REGISTER UP TO AUG. 2

That women who are not already
registered voters are regarded this
year IN the light of young men COM
.ng of age. and may therefore pay
their capitaticn tax and reister as late
as the day of the Democratic primary,
Rug'ust 2nd., has been clearly Sc.
forth in a letter mailed on June. 9TH,
by Hon. c. Lee Moore, Auditor Of
Public Accounts, to commissioners Of
revenue and to county and city treas
urers throughout the State, instruct
ing these officials to assess women
and receive their POLL taxes Up to and
;rcluG:rg the day of the primary. Mr.
Moore prefaces his instructions with
me ruling of the Attorney-Gencral in
this matter.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Luxury Retards
Poor lticll Boys


Chicago, June 13.-Woeful cond:-
Eons exist among the poor little r:ch
children of the gold coast aristocracy
according to DR.. Caroline Hedger, d.
rector CT the infant welfare society.
Elaborate attention has been paid
the children Of the slums and the poor
districts of the city. They have vis;'-
ing nurses, free ice, milk Of the best
quality, Fairgrounds, swimming ami
wa:irg pools and schools equipped
with every modern convenience. Tha
children of the rich were left TO shift
fer themselves. the idea being that
they had everything they desired or
neeGied.
DIR. Hedger says..,,cweNerr that u
one exclusive north side scGnol fully
30 per cert OF the pupils arc Of sub
normal weight and more than half
of these are I per cent, under the cor
rect weight.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
In Auto Accident
E. B. walker Thrown From Machine
While Near Gettysburg, Pa.


Edward B. Walker, circulation
manage. for the Alexandria Ga
zette, was injured about 5 o'clock
Yesterday afternoon when an auto
mobile CT which he was an occupant,
went down an embankment while
near Gettysburg, Pa.
The machine was driven by Chas.
Potter, Ct this city, and both were
returning from visit to Chambers
burg, Pa. where they had spent the
day. Without warning a colt ap-
neared ir the road and Mr.. Potter
put on his brakes and as he did so
the machine swerved from the road
going ger an embankment throwing
out both of the occupants and con-
siderably damaging the machine.
Mr.. Potter hailed a passing au-
ton,obii:st and had Mr.. Walker
brought directly to his home in this
city where he was treated by DR..
Edward A. German for badly
bruisd ,ilrs and also sprained left
wrist. ilr. Walkers injuries while
painful, are not serious.
His many friends are glad to learn
that his condition today is consider
ably improved.
Mr.. Potter came to Alexandria by
train. He sustained bruises on the
legs. The machine was left at
Gettysburg.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
PASTOR SCORES
TROLLEY FARE BOOST
DIR. D. H. Martin, Pastor OF.
Trinity Church Takes
Up Subject
TO BOYCOTT ROAD
Pastor Says Railroad Fare Should be
Coming Down Instead OF Going uD
Appeals to Government

/
ginia Railway Company was unanl-
| mouly endorsed by upward OF 300
resident: Of this city and its envlrons
last nj sht as means Of protesting
the increase Of from 2 - to 3 cents
a mile On cash fares and Is per cent
on com mutation tickets GRANTEES that
railroad ty the interstate commerce
commission Saturday, providing the
increase becomes effective July -,
as proposed.
The boycott proposal was made
by the Rev. p. II. Martin, pastor Of
the Trinity NJ. Z. Church, OF Alex
andria, Va, in Il scathing denun-
citation of the commerce commits
sion's action, delivered from the p9l
pit Of the church during the evening
devotional services.
When the Rev. Mr.. Martin con-
cluded lis remarks the entire con-
eregatian, numbering approximately
300, arose in a body and pledged
unanimously to boycott the railroad
rather than pay the proposed IN
crease in fare.
'.The boycott i! an extreme meas
ure, but sometimes it is advisabl lie,
necessary, and justifiable, as well as
effective" said the Rev. Mr.. Martin,
'If the decision of the interstate
CONNIE &c commission authorizing
the increase in fares on the Wash
ington and Virginia railroad lines
goes into effect as proposed, the
should seek other means
of transportation.
As an initial step toward the So
luton o. the matter the Rev. Mar
tin urged the people to petition Con-
gress 10 investigate the decision OF
the interstate commerce commission
to determine the reason why the
decision was made in favor Of the
railroad company.
"If this decisio: fails, and The GOV
ernme..r will not defend the people
against the profiteer il becomes
necessary fer tie people to defend
themslvc: as hest they can--by
means If the bovcott," said the Rov.
Martin
The cccision granting the increase
in rate has caused considerable dis
cussion among the persons who
daily commute between Warrington
and NEARBY sections CT Virginia. and
in man, instances the prcy osal of
'bbyctt. has met with approval.
"The decision of the interstate
commerce commission to grant the
Washington and Virginia Railway
Company the privilege to increase
its rat; las been received by thou
sands Of commuters in Virginia and
the District Of Columbia with min
gled feelings of anger and disgust,
said Rev. Martin.
Railway fares should be coming
down instead Of going up" he con-
tinued, land especially On this line
where lie service is, far from salts
factory Every pulpit in this part
Of Virginia and every citizen who
stands Tor a square deal should pro
test against the action of the inter-
| state commerce commission with all
their might.
"Thc people do not expect any
thing but the spirit Of greed from
the railways, but they do look to
the government to protect their in
terests. Decisions of this kind make
bolshev:ks. There is nothing that
will cause revolution in. this coun-
| try more certainly than Legislation
favorable to the corporations az
Continued OF Page Five)
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Higher Rates Soon VIII be
Operative Under Rul-
ing of |. c. c.
GENERAL INCREASE
Report Says Road is Greatly Over
capitalized''-Also Says the In
crease Will all Shcrt by Sl9.SO6.

Washington, D. c.. July i2.--In-
creased fares Of the lines Of the
Observation-Disclosures. Railway CON-
pany were authorized las, night b.
The Interstate ;jln?st:ce Commission
The commission ordered II. rail
way company TO Withdraw. c. or be-
fore July y. present Schedules p:"-
viding Increased fares cn III" com
pany's lines. II also Authorized tEs
company to file, in compliance with
report issued concurrently with th>
order, new schedules On not less thar
five days noi!ce to the commission
and to ths public, providing increases
u the fare rat1 ana change - tie
conmuta.JE ta:es are out!!ac dir the
comm:s*.Dl pOrt.
The company may Immediately with
RAW the proposed schedules, now
under suspension, and may immediate
~ fle supplementary schedules with
increases in compliance with The f;rl-
;ngs oil the COMMISSION. faFeS cor
tanned in rhe new sctredu!es WOULD g
effective son alter thing.
The proposed schedules have beer
under suspension by the commission
<,:nce February 49, They asked for sr
increase i'm the flat fare on the line CT
the company from % ce,s.s :, mile 10
3 cents a mile; an increase of abou,
% per cent in the cost OF the fifty
two-,r:p communication book: d;Scon-
tinuance OF ..tic twcrty-f!ve-trip fam
Tx ticket, and an increase of one cprr
RI the cash fare ADDED rs Tire ticket
fare, from Rasslyn, Va, TO the 18th
Street terminal of the company.
The commission. in It's repent marie
puol:c last night, found that TIE pre-
posed Interstate single fares, which
approximate 3 cent sa mile, have been
5">''' l.' '''"' r. 49, ,a...
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Paucity Of Jail Birds

Not Single City Prisoner In Jai!
Fer the first time IN a quarter of
a centur. the city jail is without a
single city prisoner. Inquiry al ths
jail todayGevelcped that the jail has
bsen without city prisoner s:nce
June 3 last,
The city Jail at the pressn: time
contains only about five prisoners,
all of wh1m are state prisoners.
City Sergeant Cox was una5.e 20
explain The paucity of prisoners az
the jail when interviewed thls af;sr.
noon by ertative Of The Ga
zerte. The usual number Of arres;s
are being made by the police, but 5
stated that practically al pc">ans who
are arrested and fined pay their fins
and one Policeman explained that
ti.ose who commit crimes against inc
c:tv have more cash ;iaan formerly. T;
oe'ng pointed cut that a,nl2st IT.
va,isbIy the persons taken n Gus, ,2!y
quickly produce the required colla:-
eral or else have their friends ecn7-
forward and pay their fines. Anyhow,
the Jail is almost barren of prisoners.
Just how long this will continue. how
a,,ar * nrphl en,a lea
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
(;A We THURSDAY

Thursday, June 10th, benefit
game Of baseball vii! be played on
Baaett's field between team COM
posed ot MasonS and one composed
IF Odd Fellows for the benefit of
the Sa ration Army fund. This
promises to be some game as the
managers Of the two teams having
been busy looking over rne minors
for talent. Uncle Mick" Altrock,
the famous coach Of the Washington
baseball; team will officiate as UNI
pire.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Baccalaurerate Sermon

Rev. D.. REGISTER breaches Before
High school Seniors Last Night
Members of the senior class of the
Alexandria High School last night
ATTENDED! services in body at the NJ.
E. Church South at which time the
baccalanreate sermon was delivered
by Rev. Dr.. f. v. Register, pastor.
The ch..rch was packed. Members
of the senior class accompanied by
the members Of the faculty occupied
seats in the front of the church.
An abe and interesting sermon
was delivered by Dir. REGISTER and
specia.! musical program was given
by the choir.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Condition Improving
Representative r. Walton Moore EX-
poets To Leave Hospital
This Week

Washington, D. c., June 10. Rep
resentative R. Walton Moore, of Vir
einia, who has been confined to Gar
field Hospital for the last few days,
was reported very much improved
today, ard expects to leave the hos
pital by the middle of the week.
MIR. Moore underwent minor OPP
Grafton for a carhuncle on his neck,
His secretary sad this morning that
Mr.. Moore suffered considerable pain
at first but was resting comfortably
now, and that he expected him back
st his office this week.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Eagles Excursion
Annual to Marshall Hall
Thursday

Alva .Aerie No. ST., Fraternal
Oricr oc Eagles, will give its SIX
teenth annual excursion TO Marshall
Hall mex. Thursday. The Eagles
excursions are always popular and
attract large crowds alnd it Is ex-
pecled that the attendance at this
excursion will be even greater than
ever l.tiore. The committee III
charge Of the plans have not spared
any pain, to make the affair a sue
cess, ara the indications are that
their ELECTS will he rewarded with a
record attendance.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Three True Bills
Grand Jury Makes Its Report To-day

Grand Jury Makes Its Report To-day
A grand jury in the corporation
court today, Judge Robinson Moncure
presiding with Elliott F. Hoffman as
foreman returned true bills III. three
cases presented for its con siIieratior
as follows: Thomas Baggett and An
:onia Lemeshewsky. for alleged in.
fractions cf the state prohibition law,
amt Joseph Jenkins for malicious
Shooting. The indictments were pre-
serted by Commonwealth Attorney
Howard w. Smith.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Report of Sim Fein Speech
Misleading, CARRIED,
Admiral Says
TEXT FOLLOWS BOOK
He Holds That Statements in Eng
land Same as Those Forms ri Made
in This Country

Remarks attributed to him in press
reports of his recent address Jeftre
the English Speaking Union n LoA'i
don in which ne criticised activities
Of Sim Fein sympa,n.ze%s y this
country were net correctly quo:ed anu
were misleading Admiral William 5.
ce.vel yesterday by Secretary Dency
Statements That were attributed tc
me-" said the message, Were MOI
correctly quoted. Context misleading
and sarb!ed. Report CT Statements IS
incorrect and Theoretically wrong.
Statement actually made was su1stan-
tally .9ae same as repeatedly made IN
public in America and in nv book
"The Victory ait Sea-" and in pubEc
! address at meeting held for increas-
! ing good relations between the Eng
E, FISH speaking people"
Secretary DENLY would not COM
merit Gun the admiral's message. In
view eff the fact that Mr.. DENLY FRI
day revoked the remainder CT the OF
f:cer's leave of absence and ordered
him to return at once to the United
SE&teS 10 report in person at the
Navy Department, it was indicated no
further steps would be taken in The
case until Admiral Sims return. Ii
then will be decided. it was said
whether Secretary DENLY would press
his tnquily into THE matter.
Admiral Sins reference in his ca.
blegram to his speeches in ihis coun-
try recalled the addresses he anadc in
Boston last winter, in Which he as!
sailed Sim Fem sy1pathizefs in tbs:
country, Secretary Decby was bom-
barded VIII kilograms AMI letters
demanding That disciplinary action De
taken against taae officer. but no such
steps We're taken.
London, June 13.-Rear Admiral
Sims will sail for home on the Oly2l-
PC Saturday as he planned. He COLI
tinuas 70 keep his appointments and
is lion;zed in the same manner as has
marked his reception here from tie
first. Admiral Sims is dining tonight
With Lord and Lady Swaythlng, at
their home i'm the fashionable Ken
sinston count district.
After receiving the cable frcm tho
Secretary CT the Navy yesterday Adj
mral Sims vert to the dinner Of
Thames Royal Yacht club in Picca-
Oily, where he was the guest of homo,
Tomorrow night he will ioe the guest
Of Ambassador and Mrs. George HGr-
yey, Of CheSham place.
Admiral Sims multitude of fr:ends
here are showing greater anxiety over
his pretsicament than he himself out
warGry displays.
1t was learned last might from
Southampton that the advance list Of
Olympic passengers issued Yesterday
I does not include the name CT AGm;ra
(S:nls.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
.Autoist Finds Safety
On Locomotive Pilot

Shamokin. Pa, June 13.-Driving
his automobile in front Of Il passenger
train = a grade crossing, Charles
Moran 40 years old. a mining en-
g;neer, escaped death by q miracle
when the machine was struck ard
dragged distance of 100 Yards.
When the train wsa brought to a
stop Moran was found perchcd on the
pilot. His only injuries were few
cuts ard bruises about the body AMI
face. Tn. car was totally wrecked.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Rush TO Avoid Fines
Auto Owners Come Forward and Pay
City License Tax

Rather than face arrest AMI the i'm
u9siticn of a fine large number OF
city automobile owners @u,ing the
pass twcnty-four hours have come
forward and paid their city license
tax of $3.50 and secured the city lie
cnse tag. Mayor Duncan reported a
brisk business since the publication
& the f;nal notice to owners on Sat
urtfay.
Henceforth all persons VINO are not
provided with the city license tag WI!
be arrested and a fine impos I'd. 1t Is
sxpe:.latE trat the round UP Of the ne
!inuuents vii! begin tomorrow.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
ST. ANTHONY'S CATHOLIC
CHAPEL OPENED

Rev. Louis Smet, pastor of st.
Mary's Catholic Church, this city,
yesterday celebrated the first mass at
st. Anthony's Catholic Chapel, near
Bailey Gross Roads, Fairfax county
y large congregation attended,
among those present being a number
of persons from this city.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
' MARRIED

Mrs. Clara Virginia Quail and Mr..
Cl:renct f. Campbell were married
Saturday. June 18th. by Rev. DR.. f.
B. JACKSON, pastor or the First Bap-
fist Church. 140-1p
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13

MASONIC NOTICE

The Coordinate Bodies of the An
cient ard Accepted Scottish Rite of
Ere emasrnry will hold one day re-
union 81 Saturday. June 18TH, begin
ming at . p. m.
Supper will be served by the ladies
of the Eastern Star at Westminster
Buildin" at p. m.
p. J. Richards, Master kadosh.
F. w. Latham, Registrar.
14G-3c
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
LAWN FETE

Com, and spend a pleasant ever-
inc at tie. lawn fete to be given at
the home of Mr.. Acy Marstel!a, two
miles south of Alexandria, on Tele-
graph road Ice cream and cool
drinks served. 140-2p
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13

LOST-On June 9th, gold wrist
watch with gold link bracelet at
Mount Vernon or in front or or in
Christ Church, Alexandria. Liberal
reward will be paid if returned to
1906 r Street, northwest, or 3036
X Street Northwest, Washington,
d. c. Telephone North 1858, or
13S-4p'. , ;,ai IN
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
GARLAND MAY REFUSE
ANOTHER MILLION SOON

Buzzar,;s Bay, Mass, June 81
Charles Garland, who startled tho
country in general last fall when ne
refused a 81 900, 100000 fortune left
him by MS father, is likely to pass
UP another fortune, in the near fu-
ture.
Charies fuller Garland, a wealthy
uncle 70" whom he is understood to
have been named, died at SEEMING.
England June 9. Whether this en-
tails a Request to his namesake
who Is row full fIedged farmer
here, has not yet been disclosed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13

WANTED-.A lady to do house u
house demonstrating. Cal! tomor
ow morning at 10 o'clock at G@
zette Office. Ask for Mr.. r A..
Jones lip-lp:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
~ :,
. ace
fI Asa3!
NOTICE

This is TO notify the public that
i will not be responsible for any bills
made h. M. wife, Mrs. Leonard
Weaver.
Leonard Weaver,
lla-2p. 30 North Washington st.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Toreadrr Dies of Bull Ring Injuries

Madri,.. June 1a.--Ernesto Pastor,
the Me> can toreador, died today as
a resu'-- of injuries sustained last
Sunday IN the bull ring here. The
physicians in attendance had consid
cred ten hurts CT Pastor unimport-
ant. bu: blood poisoning set in.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
EXCURSION

Steamer Charles MacAlster stops
at Alexandria OF Wednesday, June
18th on last trip and return
Emerson Institutes
Annual Excursion
Tickets for sale at Gibson's drug
store. 140-3c.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
Sixteenth Annual Excursion
ALVA AERIE No. 871,
2 ATFRS ORDER OF EAGLES

FNA EN-N-fL UIlDEN Ut HNtILT1.S
Thursday. June 16
TO MARSHALL HALL
Steamer leaves 1890 a. m. 2:30 p
m. and : p. m.
Adults, SIS cents. children % cents.
including war tax
1920
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13
ESTABLISHED l7s4

Oldest Daily Newspaper in the.
United States and Best Advertis-,
ing Medium in Northern Virginia
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13

Fer .nis enthusiastically fair
and tomorrow; net quite so warm
tomorrow
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1921-06-13

l4ti-:3c
The daily times., 1921-12-30
MANY DISTURBED
OVER VIOLATIONS
OF WHISkEY LAWS
Continued from page one)

CONTINUED from page one)
out of respect to the memory OF
Thomas Walter Beckett, former gov
ernor of North Carolina, whose death
occurred here Tuesday and who was
buried at Louisburg, Franklin coun-
ty, yesterday afternoon.
All of the State officials served
with the former governor during his
four years as chief executive from
1917 to 1921. Each official comment
ed upon the progressive Beckett spir-
it during his tenure of Office. ALI of
the civic organization of Raleigh
have drafted. resolutions of respect to
the former governor. His sudden
death was a great shock to the CAPT.
toll city where the former governor
had made his home since retiring
from public Office.
Governor Morrison is expected back
from New York City the last of the
week where he has been with State
Treasurer Ben Lacy looking after
some OF the States bonds which are
offered for sale.
The governor will Monday hear the
appeal for Communication of Wright
Rouse, Lenoir county negro, awaiting
eiectrocution for his part in the muir
der of William Whitley. The negro is
represented as being a half-wit and
strong petitions have been sent the
governor urging him to commute the
death sentence to life imprisonment.
The daily times., 1921-12-30
BROOKS TELLS OF
BICKETT's DREAM.

Raleigh, N. c., Dec. 30.-The story
OF Governors Bickett's dream Of
new department in higher institu-
tions for the teaching OF citizenship.
the proper conception OF self govern
ment, and his own intense desire to
lay down the practice of the law and
to return to the school room as q
teacher of citizenship, was told yes
terday by DR.. E. C. Brooks, State Sa-
perintendent of Public instruction. In
fact, according to DR.. Brooks, the
idea had grown to the point where
in a short time the proposition would
have been laid before some of these
institutions. 1t was the Governor's
choice that he should go to the Ap-
palachian Training School at Boone
as teacher of citizenship, had he
lived and had the dream come true.
The daily times., 1921-12-30
DEATHS FROM TUBERCULOSIS
REDUCED 10000 THIS YEAR

Washington, Dec. 28.-Deaths
from tuber culosis in the "registra-
tion area" of the United States dur
ing 1920 totaled nearly 100000 thf
Census Bureau announced today
Estimating that the mortality from
this one. cause in the entire country
at 10000, this would indicate a re-
duct;on of 10000 from the total of
the previous year, it was said.
''The trend of the tuberculosis
death rate is downward it was add
ed. "Of the thirty-three States in the
registration area whose rate for more
than one year has been recorded,
twenty-nine show their lowest rates
for the year 1920. The death rate per
10000 was 114.2, as compared with
1856 in 1919"
The daily times., 1921-12-30

DE VALLEkSA UNCOMFhOM1So1NU
Dublin, Dec. 80. Although no
compromise between the opponents
and advocates of the Anglo-Irish
treaty in the dali aireann has yet
been attained. future plans designed
to avoid wrecking the agreement are
being carried.
It is generally recognized now that
Eamon De Valera was right in stat
ing that the dali has no power to
ratify the treaty. The treaty itself
prescribes the mode of ratification to
be held by the members elected to
sit in the house of commons of south
ern Ireland, which was constituted
under the home rule act of 1920, but
which actually never met and which,
except for the purpose of ratifying
the treaty, probably never will meet.
It's membership is nearly but not
quite, the same as that of the dali.
The dali includes some members
from Northern ireland and excludes
four elected to the southern parlia-
ucuI lIOu 1Ilully COIiCSt. L ne iucd
| is that after the dali approves of the
treaty, which it is expected to do by
a comparatively small majority, the
ratifying body named in the treaty
shall be summoned. The dali mem
i bers who are dissatisfied with the
treaty need not attend this gathering,
it is pointed out. and thus their col
leagues, plus the Trinity members,
might ratify the document unani-
mously. The dali would still function
as Ireland's only recognized elected
parliamentary assembly.
/, A provisional government would
be formed under the treaty, and the
dali eireann could act as caheck on
its functions. 1t will take many
months for the new Irish constitution
to be put into working order; in
the meantime it is hoped the differ
enees between the sinn fein leaders
might be adjusted There is, however.
a possibility that Mr.. Devalera, Aus
tin Stack. Charles BURGESS and Frs
kline Childers may. as De Valera has
said. regarded the new provisional
EnseFnmsnt as an nsurpation. and