davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27
Lansing Failed at Every Point
To Get Confederation of Ideals

Colonel House had suggested to him
to try to harmonic his owa covenant
notions and the Presidents. But he
found that, clever craftsman though
he was, he couldn't conjure up even
an appearance of reconciliation. On
January 10, 1919, at one of the rare
meetings of the American commission
ers, the President took up his original
draft of the covenant and ran cursorily
over the articles. Mr.. Lansing criti-
cized some of them as Objectionable
in principle or at least of doubtful
policy"
The President seemed annoyed at
these comments and closed the discus
sion. 1t was at this session that he
said that he didn't want to have law
yers drafting the peace treaty. Mr.
Lansing was the only American com
missioner who was a lawyer.
The Secretary of State failed at every
point to secure consideration of sug-
gested amendments of the Wilson cove
nant draft. The President even rejected
his proposal of strengthened arbitral
world court. The court provision came
into the covenant later from non-Amer-
lean sources. Mr.. Lansing had only one
more card to play. He decided to try
to get the Conference on the Prelimi-
naries of Peace (the Council of Ten)
OF which he and the President were
both members, to leave the detailed
covenant out Of the provisional treaty
which was then in contemplation and
insert instead a series Of resolutions
describing the purposes and constitu-
tion of the league and providing for the
insertion of a covenant drawn in ac-
cordance with these instructions in the
subsequent permanent treaty. As the
President was obAged TO leave Paris in
February MIR. Lansing asked him or
January 20 whether he didn't think
such a course was advisable, since he
would then be assured Of something
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27
Wilson Ignored Suggestions
Submitted by Secretary of State

The Secretary resolved to put up the
best fight possible against what he con-
sidered the vicious features Of the
Presidents covenant scheme. He vol
unteered on December %, 1913, a mem
orandum reminding the President that
no treaty could provide for the inde-
pendent or joint use of the military or
naval forces of the United States TO
compel compliance with treaty or to
make good guaranty contained in
treaty. The utilization of these forces
would create state OF war which could
constitutionally be created Only by ar
act of Congress. He therefore opposed
the fat guaranty S impracticable, and
submitted substitute articles embody-
ing "self-denying" form OF contract
that is, promise by each power not to
violate the political independence or
territorial integrity Of any other powels
The penalty for aggression would be a
| boycott. Receipt of this communica
ton was never acknowledged.
Mr.. Lansing persevered, however. On
January z, 1919, he handed in some
supplementary covenant articles. An
ether divergence of opinion had arisen.
The Secretary Of State, holding that in
times Of peace international relations
can be conducted only on the basis
of equality among the nations, wanted
to give each power equality of mem
bership in the league. Mr. Wilson
| had subscribed to the idea of a pri-
macy Of the great powers, who We're to
control the league through pea
manent majority tenure in an execu-
tive council. The Lansing principle
had been indorsed most emphatically
in the Presidents "Peacc Without
Victory" address to the Senate on
January 22, 1917. 1t was abandoned,
however, at Paris in favor of what
Mr.. Lansing calls the "oligarchy'
theory, which practically paralleled the
Clemenceau doctrines of new world
"balance of power" The author says
that he could never personally sub
scribe to this principle, so destructive,
in his opinion, of the traditional Amer
lean theory of the proper relations be-
tween nations in state Of peace.
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27

framing his fourteen points and his
four principles. 1t would have been
far more advantageous to let the con-
ference come to him in his oracular
seclusion for any interpretations sub
sequently needed.
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27
Wilson Converted to Use
OF Force to Prevent War

oSuC accepted an lQF3LaJlOn TO ADDRESS
the first annual meeting of the League
to Enforce Peace Mr.. Lansing seems to
have sensed the appeal which a pro-
gram like the leagues would make Co
Mr.. Wilson's susceptibilitiesx He
therefore wrote letter pointing out
the dangers Of any scheme to impose
world peace or international arbitra-
tion by force. He submitted to the
President that it would be unwise,
from an American point of view, to
limit our independence of action, a SOW
ereign right, to the will of powers be-
yond this hemisphere. He argued that
to extend the proposed Pan-American
guarantees so as to cover the rest OF
the world would permit European pow
ers to take part in stopping quarrels
between two American republics, and
thus menace both the Monroe Doctrine
and the Pan-Americ doctrine. The
existence of such menace under Ar
ticle X Of the present covenant was
proved only the other day, when Pan
anna sought to submit q boundary dis
pute with Costa Rica to the Council of
the League of Nations.
But Mr.. Lansing went further. He
told the President he didn't believe the
United States ought to tie itself up by
treaty to send armed forces to Europe
or Asia to coerce nutions there into ac-
cepting international arbitration. Both
our sovereignty and our interests, he
declared, would suffer from such a
course. And he recorded his opinion
that neither the Senate nor public
opinion would approve treaty drawn
on such lines.
Here in nutshell was the argument
which later was to turn the country
against Article x. Mr. Wilson erased
from his address TO the League to En-
force Peace all references to the use
Of force to prevent wars. But by Jan
uary, 1917, he had become converted to
that method as one suitable for world
use and he subsequently embodied an
Endorsement of the worldwide guar
.nty Of political independence and ter
ritorial integrity in the last OF his
famous Fourteen Points.
When Mr. Lansing was named as q
peace commissioner he knew that the
President had his heart set on League
of Nations covenant with something
like Article X in it. The original Will
son Article x was much cruder thar
the draft finally inserted in the treaty
! 1t required positive guaranty by the
League of existing territorial bounda-
ries. But it opened the way to terri
torial readjustments. necessary by rea
son of changes in present racial condi
tons and aspirations, or present socia
and political relationships. pursuant ts
the principle of self-deternlination'
Racial elf-determination through ter
ritorial readjustment is essentially I
warlike process. 1t is>a prolific brcede'
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27
By William l.. Mcpherson

" 5sSn.tsvs = By Robert Lansing. OCT.
M Sas. Houshton Misfitn Company.
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27
Ideal of Check on War
Was Court of Arbitration

Power was 5thc fundamental principle
Of the league; justice was secondary. !"
There was treaty of peace, but it
could not bring permanent peace "be-
cause it was founded on the shifting
sands of self-inte~cst."
This was the fran of mind in which
Mr.. Lansing ended his labors as e
peace commissioner. He signed the
treaty, but he was opposed to top
posed to it on more and deeper
grounds than were the great majority
of its critics in this country
What was the genesis of this opposi-
ton? Mr.. Lansing was a trained in
ternational lawyer when he entered the
State Department. He had thorough
ly legaiistic mind. Ee was grounded in
the American theory Of international
relations, which looked to the develop
ment OF some Jaridical scheme of
world conciiiation. His ideal Of check
on war was court Of arbitration,
backed by a self-denying agreement
among nations to refrain from aggFes-
sion. He became aware that Mr.. Will
son had deep-seated contempt for the
Hague Court of Arbitration and for
luridical methods generally He re-
lates that the President said on one oc-
casion at Paris that he didn't intend to
have the peace treaty drawn up by
lawyers.
To Mr.. Wilson's mind the preserva-
. tion of world peace by diplomatic and
political action was naturally prefer
able to resort to legal processes. In
1915 he had inserted in a proposed pan
American treaty an article which was
the forerunner Of the famous Article X
Of the league covenant. 1t pledged
each American state to guarantee the
political independence and territorial in
tegrity of every other American state.
| Mr.. Lansing perhaps didn't object to
this, because under the Monroe Doc
trine the United States had assumed
the right to guarantee the other Amer
lean states against European aggression
and even against aggression by one at
the expense Of another, if it chose tc
do SO. This treaty, if it had been com
pleted and approved, as it was not
would merely have fortified our guar
anty with other guarantees.
New-York tribune., 1921-03-27

f. LANSlNGS long awaited
book. The Peace Ncgotia-
tions, presents itself in
two aspects. On the one
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
DzUM AND pUuL.E cozPs
AT THE PARTHENON

In the Heart Of a Fool an Allan
Dwan production. presented by the
Mayfower Photoplay corporation as a
First National attraction. Will begin
an engagement OF three days at the
Parthenon Thursday
The action OF this picture occurs in
a small middle west city and It's story
concerns the affairs OF people we all
know. For this reason It has a ire
mendous appeal to all theater -goers
who see on the screen a type OF people
thew are all familiar with Into the
peaceful community in this little city
IS injected two dangerous disturbers-
fool who makes Of woman his God
and vampire girl who lives only for
conquest Of hearts. They proceed 10
disrupt the affairs Of all they come in
contact with and it is only through
the purifying influences OF great ca
lamity-such as terrible holocaust IN
coal mine and mob rule by paid as
sissins that the community is finally
purged Of their evil influences and
society energies into the sunlight once
more.
The picture is taken from the pow
erful story of American life found In
William Allen Whites great novel of
the same title. The cast used BY Nj
Duan in the making Of this picture is
truly big one. u includes such well
known names as James Kirkwood
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

Sixty-six thousand dollars has been
appropriated by the state highway de-
partment for the undertaking and the
county els asked to contribute $4,000
Tho project will cost nearly a quarter
of a million dollars and the balance Is
being met by the Lincoln Highway AS
ISOLATION through contributions from
the United States Rubber Company
and other interests eager TO encourase
the building OF good roads.
The Lake county commissioners
yesterday told A Murray Turner.
member Of the committee appointed by
the Lake County Lincoln Highway As
ISOLATION. that It would be glad TO ap-
propriate the $4,000 II the action met
with the approval OF the state board OF
accounts. The question VIII be asked
Of the state board at once and in View
Of the fact that the state highway de-
partu1ent acted legally in appropriat-
ing money for the project 1t is ex-
pected the board will place It's o. K
on the county appropriation
The Lincoln Highray Association
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

Another good one was. Petty Jealousy
makes little towns"
Walter Millilzan also spoke. He
told a few facts about the sporting
goods business.
A petition was circulated among the
members in regard TO the telephone
controversy. The. plea was signed BY
practically all the members. Its OBJ
ject was to urge the council TO make
the fight a straight war on the rates,
and to eliminate the interstate propc-
sition. which would in all probability
result in separate exchange in West
Hammond with q toll OF five cents for
calls between the two cities.
The silent boost. a pearl handled
knife, contributed by J. J. Ruff was
Won BY Q. l. Downs.
The club will have a ladies' night
at Lake Front Park next Tuesday In
stead Of the regular MONDAY lunch
con.
J. c. Young reported that the East
Chicago Kiwanis club has started with
a bang. and will be ready for IT'D
charter IN the near future.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
boy Scout
Column


Members of troops have signed UP
for summer camp as follows:
Troop |. 4; Troop .. IL; troop 3. 8:
Troop :. 6; Troop {. c; Troop :. o: Troop
8. 0; Troop g. 10; Troop 10. o; Troop IL.
Q; Troop Il. Q; Troop rs. 0; Troop II.
3; Troop IS. 0. Total "a boys.
All possible registrations should be
made this week We should sign up
at lesst twenty-five more boys in the
next three days. Three dollars a week
is less than It costs to keep a boy at
home and he will be getting good
healthy training and enjoying himself
too.
While It Is preferable for the boys
to bring camp boxes, suit cases are
permissible
The boys for the first period can
come down eithtr Sunday morning
June rs or Monday morning. June OF.
Any person having Old phonograp phi
records and wishing to help in making
the camp worth while can do so by do
mating them for camp use. Call se7
and We will call for them
One OF the attractions Of this years
camp will be tire ca &c Ball This is a
thirty inch inflated ball to be used in
mass ga mes. etc Be sure aud br.-~
your athletic equipment.
II you have not received a Camp
Prospectus. call at the office and get
one
The camp awards this year will be
taken care of by means Of the Toncacoo
Indian Belt. Each boys personal ach-
!evements Will be recorded on this belt
So watch this belt. It viii tell the
story
The Kiwanis Cub has kindly offered
to assist any boy to go to camp who is
not financially able. Information con.
corning such boys should be reported
10 Mr.. Pierce or Mr. Scott
Mr.. Voorhees,. chairman Of the camp
committee. will take his corps OF as
sistants to Camp Wanagansic on Thurs
DAY. June %. Any man wanting to
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
WILL SEND
BOY SCOUTS
To CAMP

As the result Of collection taken
at the kiwanis club luncheon this
noon. ave Hammond Soy Scouts. who
would otherwise have 10 forego the
pleasures % two weeks IN boy scout
camp this summer. viii be given the
opportunity to make the trip. The eX-
penses viii amount 70 about SO per
boy. which allows for a generous
spending allowance. The mem oers
dug down" to the very bottom and
produced 5000.
The camp IS located at Lake Eliza.
Indiana and Is about thirty miles from
Hammond. 1t IS called Camp Wana-
gansic. which - al indian name mean
ing beside the little lake. 1t WAS
formerly a favorite camping site for
the Pottawatornie Indians.
There Will be three camps IN all
one from June 81 to July 10. one from
July 10 TO July "a and the last from
july - 70 August :.
Another movement for the boys or
Hammond. and the girls too. was
started today al the meeting with the
appointment Of q committee consisting
az ". J. McAleer. chairman. 4. NJ
Turner, P. J. Mann. George Geyer and
Dr.. ". H Davis This committee IS
for the purpose or meeting at the
Hammond Country club tomorrow
night with a similar group from the
Hammond Rotary club for the purpose
~ devising ways and means to obtain
Fairgrounds IN Hammond for the chill
deen. The need tor these places FOR
the KIDS TO play has long been felt IN
Hammond. and the movement has re-
ceived hearty sympathy from all sides
series OF Don't and Dos was pre-
tented to the club BY Attorney ". !.
McAleer. who. IN g short talk con-
Yeyed a message rich IN thought.
Here are a few or the IDEAS y don't
Ike a kicking preacher or politician
I Ike q man who. when he knocks.
gives a remedy for the wrong"
Don't let politics enter into your club
Don't let any Clique or man run the
club. Be public spirited DO enter
INTO what is good for public welfare.
SHOW ne man who does not CO.
operate in public affairs. and III show
you man who doesn't amount to
much Do be patient with each
other"
Mr.. McAleer also presented a few
thoughts which are n effect aXioms.
Try to remember a few OF them How
poor are they who have no patience"
for instance. or. in speaking OF
faults. pray DO not forget your own"
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

have a Jolly week end getting ready for
the boys please report TO Mr.. VOORHEES,.
Three bis camps. Juno IS TO July 3;
July to 23. and July 20 TO August 6.
inclusive Boys can come for one week
or more so long as there Is room. Every
scout should be given the opportunity
OF at least q week in camp.
Robert Finn arrived Saturday. He
has just completed his course at the
University OF Denver. He is looking
fine and all of his old friends look for
ward TO an enjoyable companionship
with his this summer.
mportant--Every scout Attendin &
camp the first period must pay his camp
dues to Mr.. Scott before Thursday or
TO Mr. Pierce at the Times Office by
Saturday csternoon and get receipt for
admittance TO camp. FIease ~ sU<S
and do this.
DEUE AND DUuLE CORPS
The drum and bugle corps will have
their final meeting before summer va
cation tonight (Monday). Bugie try
outs for camp bugler and award Of at
tendance badges.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

plans a. hundred foot roadway With
FORTY foot reinforcet coocre4e pave
nsent and thirty foot psrkwAys ca
each side. Electric light. p-1u'er asad
telephone wires are 20 be underground
and there are to be DO advertisements
by the roadside Ono Of the features
OF tho enterprise will be forty scre
picnic park.
The ideal stretch" OF road viii Be
given widespread publicity ard 70
sure 70 attract thousands os tourists.
Lake county was ortunste In eetzS
selected for the undertaking. NJ.
Turner told tie commissioners.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
SALESMAN
WANTED

one With a car or Knowledge q mo-
ors: to act as exclusive county dis
.rioutor of an auto appliance selling
direct to owner. and saving Up 70 20
per cent or his gas.
Must be financially able TO carry a
stock OF about $500 90
Article is a proven success, now be-
Ing tested BY prominent local men.
To worker > profit Of $1,000 PIT
day should be an average Write to
A H J. NEUhIRCH.
1901 Majestic Bldg. Chicago. Ill.
e-2l-1
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
Card of Thanks

wish to thank the many friends for
their kindness who. during the Hines
ard death Of my beloved daughter. Mrs.
Marion Small. who departed this life
friday June nth, at Il a. m. at st.
Aargaret's hospital Special thanks
too Mrs. Fannie Buffet for the kindness
she showed US in our hours Of sadness.
Mother and Mather
Pearl and Craig Woods. e-21
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
COUNTY WILLING TO
APPROPRIATE $4,000
Lincoln Highway People
Told to Get o. z. of
State Board.
ESPECIAL TO rHg rIMEs1

CROWN POINT, Ind, June % i'm
petus TO the construction this summer
OF the two mile Ideal stretch" of re-
lnforced concrete paving on the Lin
coin Highway between Schererville
and Dyer. was given by the county
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
LIVE LOCAL
NEWS ADS"
PLEATING AND
BUTTON HOLE

HEMSTTTCHING, BUTTON COVER
ING. BRAIDISG
PROMPT SERVICE
CALL WASSEY'S-TELEPH 40
81 IL STATE ST. HAMMOND
s-1s.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

Anna @ Nilsson. Mary Thurman. Philo
Mccullough. Ward Crane. John Bur
ton Margaret Campbell. Percy Cha
lenser. Arthur Hoyt. Kate Toncray.
Emmett King and Maryland Norne.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
ru,l,n ov,ek,v chance cele~.

Tulips Quickly Change csiee.
Tulips are more reerpn&$re 10 dyes
than carnations or callsA . CsiraSu
florist found by experimenting. When
dyes Of various coiors we've dissolved
in vases and the towers pssced tHer~
in. the colors progressed up into the
blooms OF the tulips In about tAirty
r,,,,,+o I
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
SINGER SHOP

ls3 State St. Hemstltching done cor
rectly 10 and nc per yard. Also US
ed singer sewing machine, latest style.
$50. Give Us a call. e-15-tf
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

The Rotary club and their wives
will have a. picnic tomorrow night at
the Forest Preserves. Thornton. Ill.
The So and 50 club met with Miss
Charlotte Hasten OF Drackert street
The members brought their sewing
and nice Refreshments were served 3.
The next meeting will be with Miss
Esther Schaeffer
The Deborah Aid Society will have
an ell day meeting tomorrow at the
First Christian church
The Amerfcanization department. OF
the Central W. G. T U will hold 4
silver medal declamatory contest at
the Brooks House this evening at 8
o'clock. there will be no admission but
free will offering Will be solicited
The contestants are as follows. Mary
Werga- Louise Gurntak. Anna Jan
kowska. Elizabeth kugIes. Caroline
Thomas. Elizabeth Bidder. Irene
kugles, Mary JuhAzz. and Mary Dro-
bina. \ good attendance Is urged as
these girls have spent much time and
effort in preparation for this event
Miss Agnes MacGuire who has recent :
ly been graduated from Eureka Col-
leEe, will present, medal and give a
talk. Mr.. and Mrs. j W. News. the
singing evangeltsts. will give a must
cal number and Charles Parker will
render D violin solo. there viii be
illustrated songs and community sing
Ing. Tho public Is most cordially In
yited TO attend this meeting aud en-
interesting evening Is assured
Don't forget TO 80 and see the
"Hoodood Coon" a farce given b.
classes and OF the Centenary II. Z.
church Tuesday. June 81 at the x. Of
p hall. corner OF Holman and Ogden
street at SIS ?. m.
-
Mr.. and Mrs. P. @. Jolman OF
Muske gon. Mich. who have been vIsit-
Ing DR.. and Mrs F. p. Cox OF Ken
wood and Mr.. and Mrs. e. j. ken
gisser OF haywood are returning 10
their summer home at Wolf Lake.
Mich. today.
The Trinity Aid viii meet wedrcs-
day afternoon in the Trinity cnurch
parlors. corner Waltham aud Park
place. Following the business there
will be social session. The Mes
DANES z. Foss. z. L. Kinsey zaa :
". L,ortz Will be the hostesses.
Mrs Wn Lawson and daughter
Geraldine Of Webb street will leave
with Miss Elizabeth Murphy for
Niagara Falls for a visit. Miss Muir
ply has been the house guest OF tho
Lawsons for some time and they are
returning vita her 10 her home for a
visit.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

Have you tried Mrs. Wilson's spe-
cial chicken dinner at Edward c.
Minas Co s Restaurant? You'll enjoy
it. Cn1ne tomorrow and every we'd
nesday. Moderate prices. Sail
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

Golden Rod Camp 1857 r y Of A
viil hold regular meeting Wednesday
evening at o. o. F. hall on State
st There viii be district meeting
OF r. y OF A at East Chicago All
wishing to attend take 1:15 p. m car.
state and Holman ST. Sail
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

The Pythian Sisters will give a
pedro party at X of P. hall We'd
nesday at ESQ. Admission 25c Fine
prizes. 6-21-1
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

X 3 A Macabees will hold a spo-
cal meeting Wednesday afternoon at
at regular meeting place TO ballot
on candidates. 6-2I-i
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21

Here is al exquisite little gown
for the bridesmaid to wear ut the
formal evening wedding. 1t Is a
beautiful orchid pink shade of
crepe de chine and georgette. TIE
flounces at the sides are beaded in
flower design and edged with a
ruffie of the crepe de chine. The
bodice is also of the crepe de chine,
but the panel is of georgette.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-06-21
II u y q = 2 u


dora right. have Mrs Miller 1s9 state
St. do it FOR you. Phone 1880 Open
ev.nings e-1-4mo