davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Bargain Sale of Postage Stamps

Shanghai, Oct. - By MaiD-
The United States Postal Agency at
Shanghai is probably the only
American Postoffice that ever held
what may be called a bargain sale
in stamps This happened this fall
and was made possible by fluc-
tuation in the rate Of exchange.
About a year age as measure
Of convenience for che public the
American postonicc placed on sale
stamps that could be purchased in
the currency Of the country. based
in value upon the Mexican dollar
These new stamps called sur
charge stamps merely were the or
dinary two-cent and other stamps.
but they bore in black letters on
their face-for the two-centers-
the words Shanghai &c China"
Soon after these stamps were is
sued, by reason Of fluctuation in
the rate Of money exchange the
sale Of the surchargc stamps had
20 be stopped.
Early this fall the money ex-
change rate again went to a point
at which it was possible again to
place these stamps on sale and
promptly a rush followed to buy
them. The reason was the anxiety
of collections throughout the world
to obtain sets of the stamps. 1t was
found that While complete set Of
stamps could be purchased at the
American postotfice in Shanghai for
Mex. s5.14, ,he same sets were be-
ing sold by collectors IN New York
at a rate OF gold $40 and in Lon
don at three pounds. The Ameri-
can postoffice in Shanghai is the
only distributing Office in the world
where these stamps may be obtain
ed and they are issued from the
| Shanghai office only when the ex-
change rate warrants their sale
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Movie Picture Makers at Work in
the South Sea

Papeete. Tahiti. Oct 11-(By
MaiD-During the past month, Ia
hiti has been "a vast moving picture
studio. A company Of American
movie actors have been staging
i hectic drama of love and hate in
the South Seas. The cocoanut
groves and fairy valleys have
echoed to the cries Of frenzied di-
rectors and clicking Of cameras un-
til the lotus eaters have been awak-
ened from their beatific dreams.
and the tinllle of much backsheesh
has stirred even then Tahitian ma
tive to get up and hustle.
1t has not been one grand sweet
song for the director There has
been no little difficulty in getting
the native "supers' to take their
parts seriously. When the big
aeroplane engine started the hurri-
cane, which was to sweep the ma
tive village to the four quarters Of
the compass, the inhabitants. in
stead Of rushing from. their totter'
ing huts and registering consterna-
ton, stood around in groups laugh
ing at the artificial destruction and
incidentally spelling several huG-
dred feet Of valuable film. Nor has
it been easy to induce pious church
members (whose ancestors repu-
dated heathenism over hundred
years ago. to bow down with con-
vincing abandon to the big PAPER
mache idol (made in the {. S. Al
set up before the mystic grotto
especially with their friends ana
relatives standing about making
ribald remarks
1t has. nevertheless. been JOY
Gus month for the islanders. The'
have long been ardent devotees o.
the moving picture theatre: ana
this opportunity of witnessing the
technique Of the making OF pictures
has afforded them much deIlSht.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
International Live Stock Exposition

Chicago, Nov 20.-The InterL2t-
ional Live Stock Exposition at the
Union Stock Yards, November 26 to
December s, was Instituted primar-
lily for the improvement of domes-
tic animals but it has, in the two
decades of its successful operation,
acquired other phases until its
many diversions place it in the
front rank Of national entertain
ments, in addition to its standard
educational features, according to
officers of the exposition. During
the evening spectacles, there VIII
appear the dristocracy OF the equine
species-a horse show with the
added attractions Of cattle ard
sheep. Here the East and West
will actually meet, the Cow pQnv
contesting popularity witt, the
blooded riding-horse, the 2oachar
and the jumper.
The most valuable seed stock in
the world, cattle, swine and sheep
are assembled from two continents,
constituting an international ex-
hibit in the broaGcst sense Of the
term.
There VII also be grain and
hay show.
According to officials the mission
Of the International Livestock EX-
position is economy Of production.
thereby increasing the wealth of
the nation. directing the vision cf
this generation>ir into profitable chan
nelS
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Australian Labor Conference.

Melbourne, Oct. 1.-THE Inter
State Labor Conference has termi-
mated it's proceedings by adopting a
proposal of Premier Theodor, of
Queensland. in favor OF making
the commonwealth the supreme
governing authority Of Australia
with unlimited powers, states to
have only such functions as the
commonwealth confers, and the
commonwealth to have the right
70 create new states.
The scheme. which is a drastic
form of unifcation, provides for the
abolition of the senate. the vest
ing of the final jurisdiction in all
causes in the high court, and dis
allowing the acceptance of I'M
perial honors in any circumstances
by any Australian citizen.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

~ a.
Commons, will not be made the
occasion for any discussion Of the
inter-a1lied Indebtedness because
he thinks such discussion at present
will not help friendly feeling be-
tween the British and Americans.
Sir Robert may. be wrong about
that. at least as regards the Amer
leans.
1t is coming to be better under
stood in this country that there is
nothing dishonorable about the
debt in question. It was incurred
by an ally under the stress of neces-
sity. It represented credits for war
supplies purchased in this country.
The British themselves lent to other
Allies more than they borrowed
from u.s.. They We're assured when
the loans were made that they
would not be pressed for carly pay,
ment. They<have not indicated any
desire to avoid payment, unless by
an arrangement whereby they
would give up more billions, lent by
them, than they owe us. These
facts, driven home by this decision
to mako systematic interest pay
ments, should lead to better feel
ing about the matter.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Many Spanish-American News
papers at the Press Congress
of the World

Honolulu, T. II. Oct. 20 (By
MaiD-An interesting incident Of
the Press Congress of the World
which has just closed its sessions
here was an exhibit Of Spanish
American newspapers. comprising
all the leading journals OF Central
and South america. Mexico and
the Antilles. With an explanatory
lecture by Dr. Nirsilio Rodriguez
Beteta. Of Guatemala City, one of
the vice presidents OF the congress.
Nearly one thousand specimens
were shown. The collection is the
property Of Dr. Peter Goldsmith, >of
the Columbia University. and is
the result of five years labor.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
The House Of Aguinaldo.

Manila. P. l.. Oct 20 (By MaiD
The house in which General
Emilio Aguinaldo lived when he
was captured by General Frederick
Funston nearly twenty years ago
has been virtually consumed for
fuel by the inha bitantS of Palanan.
Isabella province only a few posts
Of the structure being left stand
ing. according to a report of j. II.
Butler, superintendent of schools
Of Isabella. to the director of edu-
cation. The superintendent thinks
the house should be Of historic I'M
portance and suggests that steps be
taken to preserve the site and what
is left of the building.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
sE eausE FOR GRATITUDE.

the brief days since November
s tie nation has suddenly been
given something very much worth
bsin thankfui for That is the
spScSous opening Of the arms
Conference at Washington and the
litaae of peoples the world over
t llies-
he asnazenaent at the directness
Hughes program was fol-
Slwea almost Immediately by
azenent the fact that the oth-
'.sa S. yswess acduieseed in it SO readi-
IA IA principle and appear SO hope
M SIS to the working out of details.
esore the opening of the confer
snee there was a good deal of talk
International Suspicion. This
eo1nsry asas IMPOSED to be con-
aent Of It's own good faith but
fher dubious about that of its
orld Esighhors They, in turn,
Eers an supposed to be mutually
trnstful Get here We see them
sstfng frankness with frankness
ana good VIII with good viii. Tor
3he lime being, at least, suspicion
has melted away.
ss here S only one explanation of
ss he overwh heimlng feeling of
people Eack home in all the
gsnds represented. Thanksgiving
the unity Of that feeling and
is strength is in the hearts of
Ss MDrld today
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Georgia School ::
Money Missing
Atlanta
Governor Charges Atlanta
Man With Embezzlement

Atlanta, Nov. 21.-On instruc-
tions from Governor Hardwlck, a
warrant charging embezzlcment
was issued late today by NJ. L..
Britain, state superintendent Of
education. against r. Noble Bcr-
rien, Jr.. president of R. \. Ber-
rien. II. and Company, of Atlanta,
who have been handling the de-
ferred payment school warrants Of
the state.
The governors action, it was an
nounced. followed the failure Of MI.
Berrien to appear at the capitol to-
day to make good several thousand
dollars worth of school warrants
turned over to him. At the same
time. the governor was advised by
private detectives who were on the
case, it was stated, that Mr.. Bcr-
rien had disappeared and all ef-
forts to locate him were without
success.
An investigation was started to
ascertain whether Mr.. Berrien
could account for all warrants as
previously turned over to him for
discount. After completing this in
vestlgation, superintendent Britain
notified the governor in writing that
checks drawn by Mr.. Berrien for
school disbursements aggregating
$1,000 had been tsraed down at
the bank, and that he had served
notice on Mr.. Berrien to make
good these checks not later than
$3.50 o'clock today.
Governor Hardwick late today
issued a statement saying:
The school warrants in question
were issued by the governors Office
in conformity with the provisions
Of the statutes. payable to the conn-
ty and city superintendent of edu-
cation and were delivered by this
office to the state superintendent OF
schools. This Office has followed
strictly both the unbroken practice
and the law with respect to these
warrants.
While I.deeply regret the occLr-
renee nothing in my power coul6
have been done to prevent it.
earnestly hope the defalcation may
not prove very large and that Mr.
Berrien may be able to make il
GOOd.''
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Garland Johnson
Wins Firestone
Scholarship
West Virginia High School
Girls Essay Wins From
100000 Contestants

The following essay has won a
college eduction, with all expenses
paid, for its author, Garland John
son, fourteen years old, of Bridge
port. West Virginia.
The prize was offered last May.
It is the gift of Mr.. Harvey S.
Firestone Of Akron, and was an
nounced by United States Commis-
sioner of Education P. p. ClaX-
ton.
Three hundred thousand essays
We're handed in by girls and boys
of high school grade throughout
the United States The best Of
these essays were sent by school
principals to the state commission
ers of Education, who in turn
transmitted the best of them to
Washington for final judgment.
In the opinion OF the final judges
Dean A. n. Johnson of the Uni
versity Of Maryland, Mr.. c. l.. Hus-
ton, Assistant Secretary Of Com
merce, together with the Editor of
Colliers-every essay had merit.
Decision was difficult. But. the
judges have agreed that Garland
Johnson's essay is just enough bet
ter than the others to make it
their unanimous choice.
When Garland Johnson is ready
for college, Mr.. F'irestone will as
s,lne the expense of her education
at any college she selects:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
The Cercopidae.

New Haven, Conn. Nov. 19.----
Probably every one who has walk
ed through meadows IN early
summer has noticed masses Of
frotf on grass stems and wonder
ed at them. Various fanciful namss
have been given them such as
"snake-spit" ard frog-spit." A few
possibly have examined the "froth
and found in it an insect. Few oth-s
ers than entomologists know Just
what species is responsible for It..
The common notion that these in-S
sects are young srasshoppers is m-s
correct.
Professor Philip Garman, assist
ant ertomologist of the Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment station,
has made a study Of this insect ard
is the first to discover-and describe
the egg stage.
He found that the curiol thy
balls are made by immature sucking
insects of the family Cercopidae.
commonly known as frog hop
pers." They are closely allied to-
leaf-hopperS but their life story
has not been told until now.
Tie. insect is found to do injury
to grass; there is one brood each
year; the eggs are laiG late in the
summer and fail in the sheath sof
grass stems two or three inches
from the ground The egg stage
lasts from 2S1 to 23s days and they
hatch late in May.
The snittle glands OF the adults
are indicated by yellow spots on
the abdomen. By taking in air and
eXpelling it under a sticky sub
stance, froth is made which soon
surrounds the insect. Moults take
place within the froth until the
hopper is. able to fly. The froth
protects the insect from parasitic
enemies, 8
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
Blight-Proof Cabbage
A Variety Developed That IS
Proof Against Disease
Known as YeIlows

poc;,e Wis. Nov. 20.-Those
nersons who like 20 have Just few
barrels Of sauer kraut IN the
house in case of sickness or TO
who,n corn beef and cabbage is a
necessity and cabbage salad a Tux
urv owe: an inestimabie debt to pr.
I. R Jones, piane pathologist OF the
University of Wisconsin ana 70 ene
persistence Of a group Of Wisconsin
cabbage growers along the west
shores of Lake Michigan.
In the face of a blight which IN
variably followed continuous plant
ing of cabbage and which practf-
cally threatened the extermlnatlon
of the commercial growth OF the
plant, experiments conducted by
DR.. Jones have saved the lndusIry-
The story is told by writer IN The
Wisconsin Agriculturallst.
1t is a story of a ten years hghp
by scientific men using the weapon
of selection and elimination against
a disease known as Cabbage Yei-
lows and which sc,cnce finaty mas
won. Today there are miles or
cabbase fields in the truck section
of Wisconsin and Illinois where a
few years. ago scarcely a trace OF
crop would reward the best efforts
Of the farmers.
Cabbage grows almost every
where in the United States but it
was an unsatisfactory crop because
after a. few years Of production,
land would invariably become IN
fected with Yellows and henceforth
for all time would refuse to grow
cabbage.
The principle upon which or:
Jones operated was this. A fleid
infected with yel,ows would pro-
duce maybe a dozen, maybe net
moro than one or two heads per
acre. For some reason these heads
would have natural immunity to
yellows. The theory was that the
progeny of these individual heads
would continue to develop the ln1-s
munity to larger degree and this
has worked out in fact.
In 1910 when the Wisconsin
cabbage. growers were disheartened
and about to abandon the indus
trv. DR.. Jones selected a single head
from a, ten acre field owned by W..
J. Hansche of Kenosha county
Cabbage is a biennial and IT TOOK.
two years for the seed to deyelep,
but the. ultimate seeds from this
single head also proved to have.
/ immunity to the Yeliows.
They were planted and careful
ly conserved and studied and from
this single head was developed the
Wisconsin Hollander cabbage, a
strain that grows luXuriantly the.
worst yellows and diseased land.
A. J. Piper, Broesch Brothers,
Walker Brothers and a few other
lake shore truck growers were
also conducting similar experiments
and establishing the principle thai
by selection and elimination nu-:
raunity could be developed.
Up to- this year, almost no SEED
of the disease resistant strain was
sent out Of the state, alt a31Gss>cae-
bage growers everywhere wEo had
watched the experiments clamored
for; it. There was not enough seed
yet to supply Wisconsin nor IN fact:
any more than for use fer further
growth OF seed cabbage. This year
the seed is being distributed by the
College of Agriculture of the Tni-.
versity to other experiment stations
and colleges where it will be used
py them in overcoming their yell.
lows infected cabbage land.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
LAND FoECEEs.

The United States proposal for
TIE reduction Of navies has been
accepted @in principle by the
great powers. The working out of
small adjustments is a matter for
the committees. Soon Will come
discussion of land armaments, and
IN this France VIII probably lead
the way, as her position is acknowl-
edged 70 be both delicate and try
The relative reduction of land
forces will be more difficult sub
sect than the reduction of naval
forces. But the spirit Of confidence
IA faith which made the naval
oposal possible may work anoth-
miracle in the substantial reduc-
pn ef arnies.
There is a good deal of talk in
Bis connection of the unknown
luantittes OF Russia, Germany and
Ffhe Far East. But the unknown
auaatities, like the known, are
made up Of plain people who
you'd rather live at peace than go
soLwas. And If the knowns estab-
lish the principles of peace on land
and sea, there viii be less to fear
from the uaknowns.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
BRITISH INTEREST PAYMENTS

Sir Robert Horne. chancellor of
the British exchequer, announces
an arrangement by which the Brit
igh government viii begin paying
ofs the interest on its debt to this
con- try, at the rate of 100000
5Tands q year. This means, at
present rates of exchange, about
800, 900 900 a year. At the same
tinae. he expresses a hope that his
sSalent, made TO the House of
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
DIsARMasaEiN pEsfoNsTRAT-

- fs
s Ever since Is17, the United States
ard Great Britain have lived ami
cas1y nnder an agreement limiting
g the number of armed vessels
ss&6oh may MAINTAIN on the Great
A commission arbitrates all
Disputed points
1902, Argentina and Chile
greed TO an actual disarmament
eesatract as regarded their naval
oTces This agreement involved
sesxs:cf IL such an abandonment of
new wconssructlon programs and a
ecrapping of old ships as the pro-
posed naval disarmament arrange
naent suggested at the conference
Secretary Hughes. The fleets in
NelTed we're smaller, naturally, than
fszssnse concerned III the present ma
svaI reduction proposals, but the
pf5lnciple Of the thing was just the
ssame.
The plan is surely as feasible on
le larger scale. Moreover. what is
sieaslble for sea forces ought 20 be
feasible for land forces. The point
s TO agree to arbitrate and then to
abide by the agreement. All the
rest IS red tape and conversation.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

London, Nov. IA (By the Asso-
ciated Press) Official in Downing
street today declared frankly that
Prime Minister Lloyd George cor
daily welcomed the general prin-
ciple of Americas naval restric-
tion program as laid down by Sec
retary Of State Hughes at the ini-
tial session of the Washington con-
ference last Saturday. The prime
minister is keeping in close touch
with proceedings at Washington.
A. j. Balfour, head of the British
delegation there, already has sub
nitted a report and it was said to-
day there would be daily comnu-
nication between him and Mr..
Lloyd Georges Downing street Of
flee. Government officials empha-
sized, however, that it should not
be inferred that the policy Of the
British delegates in the American
capital was being dictated from
London.
1t was pointed out that while
neither Mr.. Lloyd George nor Nh.
Balfour had the requisite technical
knowledge to approve the Ameri-
can proposal off hand, they were
both heartily in favor of the gen
eral principles contained in the
proposal.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

In an average life of 20 years,
not counting the first 10, over 2is
years are spent in sleep, over II
in work IL months in dressing and
undressing and months in cf1urcs
going. says one statistician.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
a sEA-LEvEL CANAL.

For generations there has been
talk of a sea level canal at Pana-
ma. The French planned one. The
United states considered channel
of that type, but rejected it because
Of the expense and delay it involv-
ed.
Now Colonel Philippe Bunau-
varilla, who was chief engineer
when the French government con-
trolfed the project, insists that the
American people should not delay
making the waterway broad
channel level with the sea. The
work. he says, need not interfere
with continuous operation of the
lock canal, and the advantages
woul> tc ;ncaiculahle. The only Sc
rious HroJlcin would be presented
by the difference in the level of the
Two oceans, and harbor works could
regulate the current due to that.
The late General Serrell, who
surveyed the route for the Panama
railway and knew every foot Of the
canal zone long before the water
way was dug, always advocated
sea level canal, whatever the cost,
and even proposed to tunnel
through a mountain on scale that
would permit the passage of mast
ed ships, should that be necessary.
To the last he predicted that even
tually the United States would be
compelled to make the channel a
broad and level one.
In view of the rapidly increasing
volume Of canal traffic, and particu-
larly because of the enormous lum-
Der movement from North Pacific
ports, the sea level canal project is
again commanding attention. The
cost would be great, but the handl-
ing Of tonnage would, no doubt,
be greatly facilitated and a mater
ial reduction in tolls might be made
possible,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

Solomon's Temple, for the build
ing OF which practically the whole
manhood Of Israel was comnan
deered, would hove cost $4,000, 900.
600 to construct at present prices.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26
atchlnan and Sonthron
eN baishcd Wednesday .ard Satur-
day by
s3ssecn Publishing Company,
Sumter, S. G..
rs sTnsg,aS
sssssl0 per aanunr--in advance.

90 per ssanuil- -in advance.
~ aAaycrtiseaicnts:
One Square, first insertion --s1.00
ve1y subseqnent Insertion = 80
ss Contracts for three months or
aonger win be made at reduced
Communications WHICH SUB
SSeTlse private Interests viii pc
chargea for as advertisements.
Obituaries and tributes Of re-
speet VIII be charged for.
ne Sumter Watchnan was
felsndee in $50 and the True
SScaxhron IN 1866. The WatchmaH
sorsh hron now has the COM
sSaned lrcnlation and iEfluenee OF
hSE hSof the old papers, and is man
tie best advertising medium
81 Sumter. So. s5.ss~.s
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

Still, great many men would
attend church If they were given
opportunity to talk back at the
preacher.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

An armored motor car built
by an American firm at Il cost OF
$4,000. has been supplied to the
Chinese Military Governor of Man.
churia.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

Shooting stars is what SONS
movie fans would like to be doing.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

Wnatsha become of the cid
fashioned Mexico where election re-
turns Were given in killed ard
wounded?
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

a Congressman says Russia 5
civilization can be re-established on
broad lines. He probably means
bread lines,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-11-26

And so the dye industry fits
people for conflict. Huh. You
can say that much fc: the rye IN
duS;rN