davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
HERE FROM MEM YORK

F. N. Beaucage Of New York city
arrived Sunday morning for visit
during Christmas at the Mrs. ]. Berg
lund home. His wife has been guest
at the Berglund home since the death
of the late John Berglund. Mr.. and
Mrs. Beaucage will return to their
home after the holidays.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
REHEARSAL DATE CHANGED

REHEARSAL DATE CHANGED
The rehearsal of the Willmar Choir
al Society will not be held next Tues
day evening but the following Friday
evening. THIS change was deemed
necessary as Tuesday evening of next
week will be one of many Christmas
programs and entertainments thus
preventing many members from being
present
A splendid rehearsal was held on
Tuesday evening. A good attendance
was gratifying and much was accom-
plished in the chorus singing.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
ENTERTAtNs At DINNER

The Misses Alice and Clara Mag
nuson entertained six Of their friends
at seven O clock dinner at the Carl
son cottage at Eagle Lake last Thurs
day evening. Music and a social time
was enjoyed thruout the evening. De-
licious refreshments were also SER
we'd before returning home.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
HOME FROM DARTMOUTH

William and Richard Gratz return
ed last week, the former during the
fore part and Richard on Saturday
from Dartmouth College at Hanover,
Mass, where they are both enrolled
as Students. They will spend the hol-
idays at their home in the city.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
MOTHERS

IT you wish to do your Xmas shop
ping Saturday afternoon bring the
Riddles to the Majestic and let them
see good clean comedy FREE. You
can call for them at 4:30. They will
be we'll taken care of The boys will be
seated on one side Of the aisle and the
girls on the other. ALI children be-
tween ages Of to IL years admitted
FREE. -
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
SURPRISED BY FRIENDS

SURPRISED BY FHVENOS =
Leroy Christian was the object Of
a surprise planned by his friends and
well carried out at the home Of Mrs.
J. w. Kent Thursday evening. A six
o'clock dinner was served Covers
were laid for twelve and the evening
spent socially.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21

PROGRAM AND 1oclAl
A, Christmas progra1 and Spoon
Social 10 to be given at District No.
10, Monongalia School, which 10 half
a mile west Of Burbank church. on
Friday evening, the twsnty-third Of
December, at eight o'clock. 4 cordial
invitation ID extended 70 al.
Stella E. Ander1on. Teacher.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
REREkAHs ENTERTAIN

The Rebekah Lodge entertained at
the Odd Fellows Lodge Rooms last
evening at splendid lunch. The mem
bers OF the order were the guests.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21

TRAINING WITH NURSE
Miss Lille Wroolson of Belgrade is
assisting our county nurse. Miss Inga
Imsdahl, and 10 taking training under
her instructions, ra sl.4
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
~SlTTlN' PRETTY"
NEXT WEDNESDAY
Home Talent Play To Be Staged
Two Evenings Next Week at
the Dreanaland

me no'Ae 'a:ei' pay 0e''.ll
~ " oe o'aseu os lne 1Aniel an
s.on III 'he cl's "1il oe p'"'eu n7i
on Wednesday ana thursday ol IeA'
week. Decen1Der 70 ana 49, at lne
Dreanlano 1healre. both perform
ances Will oesln a' eisn' y c1ocn' ne
play IS muslcal coineuS anu lhe
story "lhos apouI d scene oll tne odl
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21
ENTERTAINED

ENTERTAINED
Roosevelt school at Pennock will
give an entertainment Dec %, at 8:3O
at NJ. w. A. Hall. Admission and
lunch 25 cents.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1921-12-21

N. F. sCHMITT.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

Myrddin Fardd also relates how
he provided the Premier with his
breakfast on his wedding morning.
Early one morning." he says, "Rich3
ard Lloyd and his nephew David
called on me and asked if / could
give them something to eat, as David
was on his way to Pencaenewydd
Chapel to be married 70 Maggie
Mynydd Ednyfed. / lived in lodg-
ings at the time, but said would
gladly give them their breakfast if
| could get my landlady, old Shan
Roberts, to prepare it. She did, and
after breakfast 1 accompanied them
toward Pencaenewydd. Near Groes~
Ion, Llanarmon, we were overtaken
by big old four-wheeled coach
carrying the bride and her friends.
Richard Lloyd and David joined
them, and trudged back to my
work"
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

friendly ships astern of it. IL a
ship is disabled each following ship
must avoid her, and if the ship is
sinking the morale Of the others is
affected; confusion will result in the
battle line and gunfre will be cur
tailed because of the necessity Of the
ships changing their course to avoid
collision. These things in them
selves may be determining factors in
the final result. 1t is important.
therefore, to hammer the head of
the enemy column. But we must not
go to the extreme of advocating that
all guntire from all ships as well as
the attacks of battle-cruisers, de-
stroyers and submarines should be
concentrated on the head Of the en-
emy column. On the contrary, every
ship in the enemy column must be
subjected to gunfire to certain ex-
tent; otherwise the personnel of
ships that are quite free from at
tack will work their guns with
deadly effect against their opponent.
1t is not SO easy to hit your enemy.
when he is hitting you. While ham
merlng the head of the enemy COL
umn we must be sure that no ship in
his line is left so free from the de-
moralizing effect of being hit that it
can calmly use one of our ships as a
punching bag.
We have seen that cruisers, de-
stroyers, submarines and dread
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

dreadnoughts and force it into a
"knuckle," thus placing the enemy
at serious disadvantage.
In the same way that battle
cruisers by their speed can gain a
favorable position from which their
gun power can force the enemy into a
"knuckle" or other maneuver while
under fire, lighter craft of high
speed may gain a position from
which by the use of torpedoes or
mines they, too, can force the enc
my column to "knuckle."
For instance, if in coordination
with our own line of heavy ships we
send destroyers and submarines
ahead of the enemy and fire long
range torpedoes at the leading ships
OF his column, or put mines in an
area toward which he is steering.
we may force him to turn. With
torpedoes of 12,00O-yard range and
with an enemy steering at high
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

speed toward the torpedo it will be
seen that torpedoes launched from
ranges up to 10000 yards, or ten
miles, can be effective. Therefore
in the sea battles of to-day we will
use destroyers and submarines, as
we'll as battle-cruisers and light
cruisers. In other words, instead
OF having but one line of heavy
ships in the battle we will have sew
eral other types, each operating to
the one end Of forcing the enemy
heavy ships into a position where
the guntire of our own heavy ships
may do the greatest damage.
From the foregoing discussion the
reader will see that, in the general
engagement, the greatest pressure
and power should be exerted against
the head of the enemy column. The
advantage in injuring the leading
ships is great, because ea III one in
jured becomes a menace to nh
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20
To Show Only Soviet Plays

ducer of the late imperial theaters
read paper to the conference. in
which he emphasized the necessity of
forcibly applying the principles of
the Bolshevist revolution to the the
ater in Russia, as although the
names of many of the theaters have
been changed and in some instances
their repertory has been modi-
fed, yet their spirit and tendencies
have remained ''as reactionary and
bourgeois as under the regime of the
Cars" Meyerhold recommended the
removal from the principal theaters
of all the best known and most popu-
lar actors and actresses and the com
pulsory introduction of a "revolu-
tionary repertory of plays, so as to
counteract and kill the putrid heri-
tage of the old bourgeois world and
bourgeois art"
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20
The Rival Fleets Are Like Two
Teams of Players Maneuvering
for the Best Position

by the use Of aircraft that "spot-
ting" can be made effective. The
battle fleet that has efficient "spot-
ting" aircrnft will surely overwhclm
with gunfire the battle feet that
has them not.
In addition to aircraft for flag
ships for securing information and
for spotting gunfire, the complete
and efficient battle team will also
use aircraft for attacking the enemy
heavy ships themselves. We may
defeat the enemy by dropping
bombs on his heavy ships and at
tacking him with torpedo planes as
well as by hitting him with shells
from guns. The modern battle
force therefore must carry with it
both combat and bombing planes.
The torpedo plane is coming to the
front as a most effective weapon
against the battleship. Thus air.
craft of many kinds are required by
the battle fleet of to-day.
In order to transport aircraft to
the scene of battle we must have
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

work in unison in obedience to the
signals of the team captain.
To get some conception Of a great
navy team at work one must under
stand what such a team is trying to
do. Unlike sporting teams, navy
teams do not arrange for q contest
at a given time or place. Contests
between fleets come about because
one nation tries to do something with
it's fleet that another nation must
prevent. Usually one nation tries to
get control of the sea-
From whatever cause the necessity
for actual battle may arise, the
maneuvers of the opposing teams in
a naval campaign are much the
same. Each tries to locate the main
force Of the other and then seeks to
concentrate superior force against
the enemy. Skill in tactical maneu-
vers will then decide the contest.
Naval contests or campaigns there
fore divide themselves into several
distinct phases-search, surprise at
tacks, the general engagement, the
follow-up and the exercise of control
after victory. While each of these
phases is in reality a separate step
and requires teamwork of special
kind to attain success, it is only by
the successful coordination of all the
phases that a complete victory is
/ won.
The teamwork and The methods
employed in any one of the phases
are of intense interest. A volume
can be written on each. In a short
article it would be futile to attempt
to describe more than one phase.
and in this article ''the general en-
gagement" phase, or "battle at sea !"
has been chosen not only because
it shows the greatest concentration
of power and highest form of team
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

OF hits, to move the column of heavy
ships to the right place at the right
time, to circumVent the enemy's
movements and take ADVANTAGE Of
his errors, to employ supporting ves-
sells at the right time, to coordinate
all these elements through difficult
lines of communication under the
heavy gunfire and intense strain of
battle demand perfection in leader
ship and teamwork. Each unit must
function in perfect harmony with all
others, and must work with precision
and rapidity.
Nothing in the world can compare
with the complicated teamwork re-
quired in sea battle between two
powerful fighting fleets. The sue
cessful navy must have not only the
ships and equipment to win, but also
must have sufficient personnel 10
work the ships to their maximum
power. 1t takes months to prepare
football team for its big game. but
1T takes years to prepare and tram
that infinitely greater force-a navy
battle team--for its contests. And
It's preparation never ceases, for
daily we find new inventions that
our navy must learn to use and cir
cumvent.
No word picture can illustrate the
work Of navy team in battle; it
is doubtful if the imagination of any
but an expert can picture it. But
when you think of what the success
or the failure of that team may
mean to you, your business, your
home, your family and your country,
do you not feel that you have more
than a passing interest in it? And
is it not your duty to assist inteli-
gently in providing your country
with an efficient navy battle team as
the first line of national defense?
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20
Pugnaclous Lloyd George

4 r E T R E D Carnarvonshire
~ village blacksmith, Mr.. John
Thomas, also known by his
bardic name of Myrddin Fardd, is
telling in a Welsh newspaper some
interesting "reminiscences of the
early years of Premier Lloyd George,
when the latter occupied a stool in
country lawyers Office. One sug-
gests, says The Manchester Guard
ian IN quoting the story, that Mr..
Lloyd Georges pugnacity in politics
is development of a natural love
Tor a fight. In his youthful days
ne was not unwilling to push an ar
gument to physical struggle,
Myrddin Fardd relates that one
morning young Georges employer
was astounded to hear sounds of
strife in the Office, and on investigat-
ing he found the youngster fighting
with the two other clerks-and hold
ing his own.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20
By Signal Eialyards

u N A NAVALwar as waged to-day
\ we find the greatest concentrated
effort of men and machines that
the world has ever known. The cost
of the machines alone is staggering,
but it is not the cost that should alb
sorb our attention, even though that
cost hits a very vital place-our
pocketbooks.
AS people we are willing to bear
a money burden provided we get q
proper return. To assure ourselves
of this, we must know something of
naval warfare. We must know how
navy performs in war, and whether
or not our navy is both sufficient for
and efficient in war.
II is impossible to visualize navy
playing its game in the life and
death struggle of war, except in the
imagination. II covers thousands of
miles, and the many units, scattered
as they are over that area, appear
small and insignificant. But, how
ever small a unit may be, or however
distant from other units, each one is
filling a position on a team engaged
in the greatest struggle known to
man. In order to win, the team must
have all its players, and all must
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20


portant defensive element in = md
ern sea battle.
1t is manifest that guns win NJ.
be effective when the target is b;6
den from view by smoke. Henco
when one side finds itself beinv :,
verely pounded by gunfre, it or.
deavors to hide behind s,Iitabl,
placed smoke screen of its own croo
ton. The best craft to use in NAL
ing such screens are oil },urn;nn
ships of high speed. And 50 the do
stroyers that are protecting the bat
tleships at all times against subm.
rines are in good position for NAL
ing defensive smoke screens dnrinn
battle. If they make smoke at Tho
right time and in the right place
they may save the feet or cause i
to win. This is another of the manv
details that the fleet must be pra
pared for and must carry out with
skill.
To utilize properly smoke screens
to control and distribute the gunfre
in order to secure a high percentage
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

special carriers-big ships-built
for the purpose. Each heavy shin
may carry its own spotting craft
and possibly some fighting planes.
but the vast majority of aircraft
will have to be carried with the
battle fleet by special vessels con-
structed solely for that purpose.
The use of aircraft as described
above is not a fantastic picture.
Other navies are preparing to use
them in various ways and are ready
to-day in many respects. This is not
the case IN our navy, however, for
to-day we are no more provided
with aircraft and aircraft carriers
Tor the big battle than we are pro-
vlded with them for the other phases
OF naval campaign. And, what is
worse, there seems to be little pros
pect of their being provided in the
near future, though it takes no
imagination to realize that a navy
without them will have no chance
at all against navy that has had
the foresight to develop this impor-
tant auxiliary.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

! the maximum number of guns to
bear upon the enemy. A battle
fleet must not reduce it's own gun
fire by allowing it's ships to blanket
each other, and since the maximum
number of guns on each ship will
bear on the enemy when the enemy
IS on the beam the natural forma-
tion for battle line is a column Of
vessels, the ships following directly
behind a leader. Both sides almost
invariably take that formation for
battle.
The battleships of both sides be-
ing IN column formation, each COM
mander endeavors to get his column
into position that will give him a
superiority in gunfre over the
other. The most favorable position
one side can get is that known as
the "T' position. One column ''T's"
another when it attains the position
OF the horizontal line in the "T."
while the enemy column is in the
position Of the vertical line. In
this position the column that has
led" the other has every gun in
the broadside of every ship bearing
on the enemy column, while the
enemy can bring to bear only such
guns as can be trained ahead, and
can fire only the guns of the leading
ships, because the fire of the rear
ships, even if they are within range.
ls blanketed by the ships ahead. The
result must inevitably be disastrous
to the column that is "T-ed."
Now. the "T" position being over
whelmingly advantageous to the one
obtaining it, each side, while at
tempting to get it for itself, is siren
uously trying to keep the other from
getting it. Even in approaching
each other the battle commanders
ever bear this in mind, and to avoid
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20

position one column must, of course,
have greater speed than the other.
II one column has somewhat greater
speed, and if the slower column con-
tlnues on its original course, the
faster column can always secure the
advantage of the "T" position.
The slower column, to prevent
being "T-ed," must keep turning it's
head away, so that the faster column
is ever kept abeam In this case the
two fleets will steer in circles-the
slow fleet on the inner and the fast
fleet on the outer circle. This is the
only alternative of the slow fleet.
Although the turning away of the
head of the slower column usually
prevents "T" being obtained, a
danger nevertheless confronts the
slower ships in doing so. In order
TO keep the faster column bearing
abeam, or nearly so, the turn made
by the head Of the column may at
times be abrupt, and this results in q
serious bend in the line, known in
naval parlance as a "knuckle, /"
When ships make such turns the ac-
curacy and rapidity of their gun
flre are interfered with during the
turn, and this loss of gunfire may
contribute to their defeat in battle,
The enemy concentrates his fire upon
them while they are turning, and
they cannot return it gun for gun.
In general engagement between
dreadnoughts one fleet may not
have sufficient advantage in speed
to force either CT" or a "knuckle"
upon the other. Rather than con-
tinue pounding away with gunire
alone in the attempt to destroy each
other in parallel fight each COM
mander may therefore seek to use
fast battle-cruisers, submarines. de-
stroyers and mines to force his enc
my into a "knuckle."
The Battle Cruisers
Battle-cruisers have speed Of
thirty-five knots and carry a battery
OF guns approximately equal in size
and numbers to those carried bv
dreadnoughts. Having speed that
enables them, at will, to accept or
decline battle with dreadnoughts. or
to open or close the range, battle
cruisers are extensively the equal of
dreadnoughts but the sacrifice in
armor to obtain great speed rem
ders them defensively weak against
guntire. Not being able to stand
punishment, battle-cruisers cannot
remain in battle line against
dreadnoughts; therefore, in a gen
eral engagement they perform an
other function-that of a "fast
wing" for use against the head or
the rear of the enemy column. With
their superiority in speed of about
twelve knots an hour, they may
rush ahead of an opposing and com
'aratlvely slow moving column of
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20
Is Game Played With Men and Machines

any chance Of the other commander
getting the "T" position as the en-
gagement opens each is forced to
maneuver his column to keep it prac-
tically broadside-on to the other.
Thus, when the battle opens, unless
one commander is a master tactician
and the other an incompetent, the
two columns will be moving on prac-
tically parallel courses, the leading
ships Of each column being Just
abeam of each other. In this posi-
tion each line has it's full broadside
bearing on the other, and the fight
ing conditions are exactly equal.
We thus see that a general en-
gagement will usually start with
equal conditions existing between
the opposing columns. due to their
being parallel to each other. We
also realize that the most adyanta-
geous position one side can attain is
the "T" position. Now, the practi-
cally equal conditions of the parallel
fight are gradually changed to the
unequal conditions of the "T" posi-
tion when one column gradually
draws ahead of the other in order to
secure that "T" position. The col
umn that can draw ahead of the
other and can keep it's own line per-
pendicular to the line drawn from
its center ship to the leading ship of
the enemy not only keeps it's own
full broadside bearing on and in
range of the enemy, but also reduces
the number of enemy guns that can
be effective, because the guns on the
enemly's rear ships will be blanketed.
In order to draw ahead of the
other column and get the favorable
New-York tribune., 1921-02-20
Only the Imagination Can Visualize
a Contest Spread Over Hun
dreds of Miles

| work, but also because it is usually
the decisive factor in the campaign.
The Dreadnoughts
In naval campaign previous to
the general engagement gun power
may enter, though not decisively,
into the preliminary operations of
the various forces engaged. In the
numerous minor engagements auxil-
iary ships may be destroyed by gun
fire, thus placing one side or the
other IN an unfavorable situation.
But in the first phases the heavy
ships would not be subjected to gun
fire. though they might suffer seri
ously from attacks by torpedoes and
air bombs.
In the general engagement guns
usually become the deciding factor,
and we find them of heavy caliber
concentrated in the huge dread
noughts that go to make up "bat-
tie line" 1t is the primary mission
of every ''battle line" to destroy the
opposing battle line by gunfire, and
it is maneuvered tactically with that
object in view.
The side that can hit the other
with the greater number of heavy
shells will probably win. To accom-
plish this, ships in the battle forma-
tion are so arranged as to bring