davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

ures is Indicated more dramo.;.r
the number of these unrccorded 's
IN that small area in Long Island soS
than by anything else of which 'sla ~
found one entirely unrecorded ~.
mastcd schooner lying on her s;aa I've ,
IN really good condition, yet have 10. .a'
unable to discover any record. =. wa
loss or her Identity. She wa, ,.s
with building tile. and this wss 'a
worth salvaging, but why was ro+ ~
loss Of this valuable vessel mad. y, :,
record? Such losses are accepted v..s
out record by sailormen and owr...
an extraordinary number of case.
Five Thousand Other Ships Sunk
Since 1S79'on United States Coast
Upward of 5000 ships other ~.
coal carriers arc recorded as h,v,s
been sunk since 1879 in United st,,..
waters which we now know to be cad,
ly explorablc by commercial suhu.
rincs. OF course such records are ~.
even reasonably complete, for il !,
curious fact that it is no ones ;oh !.
or outside OF the government, to m,t.
them so.
1T Is interesting to note the ~.
at which iron ships dcteriorste On ths
bottom. The action OF sea water unor
iron and steel is very ram5
From one ship. the Nile, from vb;..
VIC brought Up q valuable coal carco
the anchor chains In the twenty.sevsn
years of their submersion had lo,s
about 10 per cent Of weight and. a,
course. all their usefulness az chain,
in certain other chains that ! hsv.
found only 20 per cent of the orirz..
iron has been left, that which remained
looking like wire rope.
But | have raised coal which b,,
been submerged for scventy-fve years
and found it not only as good IS but
better than it was when sunk. The
addition Of the oceans salt to its mas,
seems greatly to improve combustibil.
ity. We can pump up q coal cargo ct
the rate Of 900 tons an hour.
Il have slight belief in the advis.
ability of attempting to salvage iron
ships which have been long submerged
| cstimate from actual experience with
iron work submerged for difTeren.
periods, notably the Marietta, thai
three or four years submersion in salt
water will render any iron ship uu
profitable. In the fresh waters of tn,
Great Lakes iron ships will remain gcot
for years.
The Lusitana. for instance, prob
ably by now is very badly damaged.
estimate that she has lost per cent
Of her iron since the German sub
marine sent her with so many notable,
Oh board to the bottom off the Britist
coast
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
Simon Lake Points to His Own
Salvaging Work Near New York
Has Brought Up Cargoes of Sunkcn Coal Vessels,
Which Have Proved Valuable, Though Some
Were Under Water for Years

exist at the greater depths, hitherto
unrcachable except by chance. Grabs
in the Bay of Naples have drawn up
from beyond the depths to which div
ers can descend such coral as is not
accessible in the shallow waters
These depths and far, far greater ones
will be available to submarine fisher
men. One coral piece brought up by
Bay of Naples grab sold for $4,000 lire,
or at normal exchange $4,000. Its To-
cation by u grab was quite matter
of chance. Imagine what might be
done in similar waters by submarines
equipped to search intclligently, seeing
clearly what is there and capable of
selecting that which may be best
among discoveries.
Prince of Monaco Plans 70 Take
Motion Pictures in the Depths
"Ihe Prince Of Monaco intensely in
and exploration, is working Mt plan
for the extensive use of the motion
picture machine under water. This has
been worked out by others in very mod
crate dcpshs and film shown in Amer
lea and Europe had great vogue. But
with the submarine developed - it has
been, far more extensive picturing Of
depths is now possibility.
"1 have dcs;cncd ,yb.t bax hecn
,roxod +hrnuo,, cxnorir,or,.tion with
.n old snbr,yrino n,rchased from the
eover,mcnt a ncrfcctlv nract;cal sub.
marinc. fitted espcciallv for use IN the
deen-sos ncar, 6shcr;cs Tho nrince
recon,r,erds a. thc Australian covcrn-
went which co,trols CROP. bods nm
ro.o,,oh,o H., .ho o,d ,,,o.,ods tho co,.
s4rrc,;on of ,, hoa. rbo ortor
r;so ,,ad hoo,, aofo~roa h., ,bo rorlo
w. h,,+ ;s a,,.;r,,,. ,,,,,c4;c.h1o
"No new nrincinlc is involved in the
CONSTRUCTION Of anbmar;noe f,, cxnlor-
ing ocean bottoms snd rccovering their
treasures. It. was possibilities of this
sort, not those of destructive work in
warfare. which first interested ne in
/, submarines. and such nossjbilities. not
those Of war5arc. have maintained nv
interest regard az diversion OF a
potential good To evil purposes the use
of the submarine. as Of tho diriciblc
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
Submarine Is Now Used to
Locate Pearl Oyster Beds

Il have heard from an Australian
who has been working with a Nubma-
rine in locating pearl oyster beds.
Long as the submarine has been q prac
ucal thing this, 80 far az I know, wax
It's first use for this Obvious purpose.
He tells me tha, pearls have been
hshed cut not only close about Aus
tralia, but far ~ the northward. at all
depths which can be reached BIZ recen.
methods. but that marveis up 70 now
unguessed exist for him who shall co
after the pearl oyster in rightlv
equipped submarine Old oceans store.
both OF pearls and shell, has been ex-
nausted, down TO depths o.. say. 100
fest' cave IN the 'culture-psar.' beds Of
Japan. which, with inferior pearls.
grown as it were. to order. have mucn
opsst the market. Because Of cssn.
aities and physical break-dow due IN
water pressure. II IS not profitable 10
90 deeper thnn 100 feet to yet tn.
precious things By hard. aud il alxo
IL impossible TO dredge beyond that
distance becausc of the nature Of tho
potsofn on which pearl oysters grow.
80 the finer fisheries come 10 an
sna, sithough We know that probably
'1r ossc OF all peal e. maryn.g perbena
Dfy>nd the Imagination Of the most
entnus'astic dreamer~~,ney esiss Mt
sevc's Gown, say, 70 80 fec.. There are
places where Ne know the bottom N
~ covered at that dep,h With pear!
oysters. undis,ofbed b. man since the
beginning Of TIE epecles, therefore
some o7 them Of great age and conce1v-
ably bearing pearls beyond the pres
snt dreams Of experts
NAssd other untold natural treasures
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

predicting this. In tho exploration Of
submarine surfaces have seen with
my own eyes vast beds of edible she'll
fish capable Of supplying perfect food
to hundreds Of thousands in continuous
supply, and these lie close TO the great
centers Of population, easily reached
by submarines designed for such opcr-
atlone. Their extent qualities them
to solve any food shortage problems
which may arise for many generations.
"Clam fisheries have been exhausted
in shallow waters. but clans sometimes
arc washed up in windrows by great
storms. This indicates the generosity
of the dccp-water supply, which Is yet
has not been touched by man.
II have discovered, explored and
sampled vast beds OF hard-shell clans
and almost as exhaustive territories
IN which evidence Of the profusc cv-
istcnce Of soft-sholl clans was quite
as plain, although until | visited them
in my submarine the beds wcre un-
suspected
at is notable. also, that dccrvater
beds cannot have hecn polluted hy
sewage from the land, as so many
shallow-water beds have been.
The famous oyster beds Of Chesa-
ncakc Bay arc hahcd only by mon who
go out in saihosts and rake the shel'-
fish UP with 'tongs and drcdscs. OBJ
viously such instruments can reach
but few feet, but they cannot drcdgc
them from rocky bottoms, where many
rich virgin beds exist. The submarine
can
ON submarine journey On the bot
tom. Of that famous bay l saw and
sampled ons day such beds of oysters,
never touched by 'tongcrs, as have
not been dreamed Of by the convcn-
tional oyster man. The best shallow
water beds already have hocn cx-
hausted.
"Softshcl clans up to six inches
in length used to be found by sub
marines along the shores Of Long Isl
and Sound in unlimited quantities.
They arc not obtainablc to-day by
present methods, and il found could
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

1920, The world situation, the position
Of the Soviet regime in Russia and
the frame of mind Of the Communist
leaders, who formed a sort OF an 'inter-
locking directorate" running both the
Soviet regime and the Third lnterna-
tioAally also was different from what it
had been in March, 1919 The Second
lntemationale, reconstructed at Bcrnr,
was growing weaker and weaker Some
of its most important component parts,
the French Socialist party, for EXAM
pie, werc plcading for admission into
the Third Intcrnationale. Some Of tnc
governments OF western Europe were
negotiating OF almost equal terms
with the Soviet government. A Soviet
delegation was in London The armies
that had threatened the Soviet regime
IN the civil war had been defeated.
The Soviet government itself was wac
ing what then seemed like a victorious
var against Poland. Trotzky's arm'c'
were hammering the very gates Of
Warsaw The Communist leaders were
in a distinctly martial mood
Second Congress Triumph
For Russian Communist Chiefs
The second congress was the point
Of highest triumph for the Eossian
Communist leaders. They dominated
the whole congress. which had repre-
sentativcs trcm nearly every country
of the world All the discussions at
the congress and all the resolutions
passed by IT werc permeated by this
spirit of domination. Lcnine and his
leutenanis saw Moscow az the center
Of the world Their tone was the tono
of conqrerors, AZ they dictated out
rageously dom'ncer!ng terms TO their
followers from other countries. or the
world revolution they spoke in terms
Of major and minor strategy. as if
they were preparing for an actual con-
quest of the world.
Briefly, th's s,ratcgy vas rs follows:
The Third lntornationa!e, acting
through its executive committee.
located in Moecow, Was to be the ger
crsl STAFF Of tae world rcvolution 1t
WIS to coordinate md direct Com
munlst activities all over the world.
Its major strategy was concerned vi;h
the ce'abishmcnt Of a Commuais.
regime IN the countrios Of wcstcrr
turopei its minor strategy dealt w,ih
it's nciiyitics in Asia.
The schome OF actual organization
called for the merging Of all Commu-
MIST groups in each country into unified
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
lntcrnationale Was Formed
Year and Half After S0yiets

he Third Intern tionale came into
existence in March, 1919. or almost a
year and half after the establishment
Of the Soviet regimc in Russia. Tho
need for its creation vas brought home
10 the Communist leadership bv the
fact that the spontaneous social revo-
luf'on in western Europe for which
they hnd hoped failed to mater,alizc
There was no clearly defined pro
gram of action, however, indicated bv
the first congress. Its organizers wcss
sfiN rather uncertain of their ground
lhey laid particular emphasis en- the
methods which they themselves he1
used, the methods Of demngoc5cal
propaganda and tirelcss agitation
amcng the MASSES Of the workmon
Moreover, the situation in Moscow vas
rather sheky. The Soviet regime was
threatened ~ tine armies Of Kolchak
and Denihin. Hence, while the words
used by the first congress were bold
enough, It's actIons we're rather timid.
II vas IN IA set Of entirely different
conditions that the second congress Of
The Third lnternationale met in July.
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

in Russia alone, but that it must have
aid from other countries in The form
Of a social revolution there. This aid
has been slow in coming, but Lenine is
certain that it Will come. The problem
before the Communists is to wait until
it does come And in the mean time
Lenine lays down the rule that the
most important single task for the
Communist leadership Mt the present
time is to preserve the dictatorship of
the proetarat, or the Soviet regime in
Russia, as long az possible and at any
cost
In the light Of this "revsed'' inter-
national strategy Of communism the
preservation Of the political forms Of
the Soviet regime has twofold sig
nihcance- In the first place. the con-
tinued existence Of a politically organ
lied p"oletarisn state, even in a coun-
try which is rapidly travelling toward
a establishment of capita lism in it's
economic life, is needed as an exam
pie and an incentive for the Commu-
mist cause in other countries. And in
the second place. it is necessary for
the maintenance OF THAI apparatus for
the prom oton and direction of the
world social revolution which the Rus
sian communisr has constructed in tho
form Of the Third lntcrnatonac.
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
Submarine Warfare Taught
Nothing of Commercial Value

Submarine warfare has taught os
practically nothing Of value with r.
gard to the vast commercial posslblll'
ties of submarine activities
The fighting submarine avoids the
bottom, so that it may keep clear Of
rocks and wrecks. The commerclsl
submarine must seek the bottom fnd
explore it. 1t must search espeeisl''
for wrecks.
The commercial submarine hs'
powerful lights and mighty lenses
which make those looking through ne'
windows in clear water almost as fui'
capable of sight as is the person zoos
ng in broad daylight through the w'a'
dows of building on dry land.
1T seems strange but it is 'ra''
that ships for which there was so oes'
perate a demand in war time ana ''a'
mediately afterward are rot wof.a
raising now, even though an QUIZ,
which would raise many might De aHs
has been built for less than S2oV'o0''
Cargoes only tempt the submarine g
plorer in these days and the most Ss''
able sunken and recoverable cars',-
are Of coal. They are more vaIuS''s
Ven than those Of sunken eopp''
boats. due TO the fact that the 'P''
duction' is so rapid 5000 tons - y.
hour at net profit of $40 ton eQuSs
$500 for ten hour day. Copper mus,
be manhandled by divers. while '"'
is recovered by machinery"
Copyright. 1871, nv Edward Marshall s'''
dicate)
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

bc sold at any price up to Is cents
each.
"They arc waiting i'm the lower
depths by thousands Of tons for the
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

fisher who goes after them in an
underwater boat
"A great edible dolicacy profusoly
existent in the deeper waters is the
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
e Will Prove a Commercial Bessing Says Inventor
Shellfish at Great Depths
Sufficient TO Feed Mankind
lndersea Boats May Develop Ocean Bottom :.
Ways Hitherto Unheard Of and Prove Of .
Greater Benefit Than Airplane

their rakes and other graphing appar-
atus.
And there are treasures on old
oceans bottom which have not been
placed there by nature, and which arc
we'll worth recovering. I have been
passing through an experience which
proves this.
Last summer | began exploration Of
small area of the bottom of Long
Island Sound, hoping to discover treas
u'e-not Of gold, silver or gems, but
o. what do you think? Coal.
The records of Sound shipping have
given me an extraordinary list Of coal
laden schooners lost in this small but
important stretch Of water, and it oc
Cured to me that some of this might
he brought up.
MY really slight efforts revealed an
extraordinary situation All the rc-
corded coal-laden wrecks are there, Of
course, but my partial cxplorati ~ q
an area only two miles wide By SIX
miles long revealed eleven suakes
ships, of which nine were unrccoyGed.
"Of course, this general area IS not
fair sample of the coast waters, sor
marine traffic in Long Island Sound is
very heavy, but nevertheless it is IN
dicativc. Tens of thousands Of dollars
worth Of coal await my coal recove ing
submarine in this little space, aud 20
recover it viii be far cheaper than
the cost Of getting new coal out , the
ground Coalladen ships have been
sunk from almost the earliest days Ct
American coastwisc traffic, and ali
then cargoes are recoverable at sligks
cost. The aggregate tonnage OF this
recoverable treasure will be vast.
ALREADY have recovered nearly all
the cargo from eleven sunken coal
boats, and | might have recovered a
better percentage had my apparatus
been perfected as it is at present.
Submarine viii Uncover Many
Unchartcd Wrecks on Bottom
"Thc advantage OF exploration for
such treasure by the submarine is in
dlcatcd by the great proportion of the
unrcrorded wrecks discovered. The
nine came to us IS complete surprises
while we were searching for the two
Of which VIC knew This is astonish-
ing but true. | found five wrecks off
Stamford IIarbor in an even smaller
space.
Through these operations VIC have
found and put upon the market ccaI
which was taken from the ground at
least twenty years, including many
hundred tons of white ard red ash and
peacock coal, and your own dealer VIII
tell you that they have not been avsil-
able for almost two decades. The
Bridgeport Labora tories, testing this
coal which had been submerged for
many years, found it to burn with a
slighter ash residue than any other
coal which had ever been tested there.
The Atlantic Ocean coast of the
United States is dotted with coal
ship wrecks. We have records IF SEA
coal boats lost off the coast, and # the
number unrccordcd is in the same pro-
portion elsewhere as it has been found
TO be in the explored area I have men
toned there really arc thousands Of
such sunken ships.
THAT the ocean bed is full of treas
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
Iron Ships Vanish After
Century in Sea Water

Iron ships probably will entirely
disappear after century of submer.
sion. have recovered from old
wrecks many bits Of that which had
been cast iron, but had been trans
formed into pure graphite It could
be cut with a knife, like stove polish.
| submitted capstan which seemed to
have been turned to graphite to the
chemist OF the Boston Institute Of
Technology, and he said the change 10
graphite had been caused by the co.
action OF sea water and the sulphur in
the coal with which the wreck vas
laden.
"Thc durability of wood, # it e..
capes the worms, under water, is aston
lshing. Colonel Foss showed me re-
ports prepared by the Duke Of Argyle
on the condition Of the Florencis. 8
Spanish Armada ship sunk in 1888.
He has been working FOR d long time
on this wreck and has cleared away to
the poop deci.. The wood that has
been covered by silt is in a good cor
dition. He hopes TO continue work
with my apparatus; with very crude
apparatus in the nature of grabs he
A2s recovered NAM precious relics.
but most Of them were crushed by the
grabs, winch would not be the eass
if nay apparatus were used.
Treasures? Millions ,-e awaiting
salvage Millions, indeed, lie waiting
him who seeks inte.ligently at the bot
tom Of He'll Gate or between Execution
Rock and the Battery in New Yorks
East River and harbor alone. and thers
are many other points where explora'
ton by intelligent methods would reap
as rich rewards.
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

At the time when the third congress
held its sessions it Was already quite
apparent that the economic experiment
Of Russian communism not only was
over and was rapidly giving way to the
most primitive stages of capitalism, but
that it had brought the country to an
indcscrihable disorganization and a
famine of the kind that no other ma
ton had ever experienced. The strategy
of the third congress reflects most de-
cidcdly the policy of "revsion" which
the Russian Communist leadership is
now applying all along the line.
This new strategy is passive, rather
than active. Instead Of prescribing a
frontal attack against the existing
order in the world the Third Interna-
tionale is now content with assuring
itself and those who care to hear or
read it's words that the "bourgeois
system" is doomed to an overthrow. In
resolution the congress Of the Inter
national stated that the economic
foundations of the present order have
been definitely undermined. And Yet
the proletariat of western Europe is
warned against aasty and premature
actions Of revolutionary nature.
Speak With Less Assurance
OF "Ircvitahic" World Revolt
All the Russian speakers at the con-
gress of the Internatonale urged the
necessity Of moderation in the conduct
Of the world revolution, and they al
expressed the disappointment of .he
Communist leadership with the results
of the work for the world revolution
during tho past months Nevertheless,
though with less assurance than BE-
fore, they spoke of the "historic inev-
tability' of the world revolution and
Of the need of waiting for it. In hls
principal speech ct the congress L.
nine spoke Of tho compromises made
in internal policies in Russia as Of Tho
means for n "respte" in the struggle.
And applying the Same terminologv to
TIE "oiid s'luaIon, ne spoke OF ,ha
need of similar "respito" In tae
world revolution
The announcement recently made hv
Tchtcherin. the Soviet Minister of For
ciGn AHaira t. the effect that the
Th'rd lnteroa tionale and the Russian
Soviet government are not identical
in either scope or aims Is r very poor
attempt al camoutiaglng the relations
which exist between the two. Official
ly tho Communist scheme Of organiza-
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
Following Months Unfold
Very Different Picture

However, the months that followed
the second congress unfolded a much
different picture from that which the
Communist leaders painted in Moscow
IL July, 1920. Tha Polish canpaien
ended in a defeat of the soviets, and
Trotzky's Red cavalry turned back into
the interior of Russia instead of cross
Ing the Vistula and moving on toward
the Rhine The Communist activities
in western Europe and America rap
IDLY subsidized, their ardor cooled off bv
the arrogant and dictatorial tone which
Moscow persisted in using, as we'll as
10y the example Of what thcv sec In
Russia herself. The situation which
the THIRD congress Of the luternationnlc
;aco'l when i. held It's sessions in Mos
COW several weeks aga made the tone
and even the rhrnscology of the con
gress. a SOFT Of ritiful parody on the
preceding congress. Far FROM being
martial, it reflected not onlv the con
dltlons we havc enumerated. but also
another tremendously important factor
the internal situation in Russia itself.
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

Communist parties, one party for each
country. To this unified Communist
party all Communist or -Commu-
INST groups in the given country were
expected to oNor complete obedience
These national Communist parties
were to be entirely subordnated to
the executive committee Of the Third
internationale and were to take tho;r
orders from Moscow And, side by sle
with this major strategy, Moscow was
also to conduct revolutionary propa-
ganda through all the countries Of
ASIA, wherever a movement against
European control seemed possible. The
purpose of this was the establishment
there ct Soviet regime, i. E., Of the
political forms Of the so-calcd dcta-
torship OF the proletariat, and the di-
recting IN this manner of blow in
the back to the European powers them
selves. Moscow stood ready to sup
port all these activities with drec-
hon. propaganda subsidies, and wher-
ever possible with actual military
1orcc. Just about that period Trotzky,
Tho Soviet war lord, made the boast
that before the year 1920 would be out
the horses Of his Red cavnlry would
slake their thirst in the waters Of The
Rhine, leaving in the wake of their
" ""rt passage communist Ger
ranv
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

WHEN communism became .s-
wv tablishcd in Russia it's lend
ers we're certain that their
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28
Ienine 1ays Communism
Needs Aid in Other Lands

In his speech Lerino reiterated What
efs-~that communism cannot succeed
New-York tribune., 1921-08-28

:':; r.: : F.: r: 8: ::::: 4: = &:
He was frat to make the
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1921-08-19
tReZboiul din 1853 ]
:PaCea dePariSl856;
d: l. D. xENOPoL :
D.: 4. D. xINoPoI;.

fost vinduti; bautura scumpa 81
otravita numai moi am baut pane
neagra 81 amara, udata Gu lacrimi
numai moi am mancat; batalii 81
rezmerite cand au fost tot greul
numai moi lam dus; osti cand as
VENT moi lean hranit, moi LEAN
slujit, moi le-am purtat; ca eel -cu
putere tara isi parasia, peste ho-
tara trecea; nevoia 81 greutates
0 duceau Gel ce ramaneau Ia va.
ira Tor. Tara aceasta nici bal nici
maestrii, nici mestesuguri multe
ca alte tari nu are; toata imbelsn.
garea bratele 81 sapele noastre d
aduG. Cata-i Dunarea de mare 81
de larga curge riul sadorilor noA-
sire, se due peste mari 81 peste
hotar, acolo Sc preface in.riuri DC
snr u de argint u curg iardsi