davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24

Lansing, Stanley Lambert William
Grover, Albert Layelle, George Bow.
ermaster.
The herald angel--IIelen i. Hoff
Angel chorus - Marion Devore,
Merle Crompton, Evelyn frost, Vete.
lene Butman, Mildred Rel, Sophia
Maxwell, Pansy Capsel, Maude Nc
Cullough, Alice Brown, Mary Casino
Margaret Olson, Mildred Monist Mar.
lorie Fleming, Dorothy Grey, Anna.
bel Rel, Winifred Nelson, Mary Jane
Light, Edith Hampton, Junior Harlan,
Marjorie Gonigam, Dorothy Bozeman,
Mabel Corbin Beatrice West, Char
lotte Bauche, Dorothy Deist, Goldie
Gonigam, Esther Hilton, Gwendolyn
Holmes, Esther Nelson, Margaret
Prichard, Evelyne Shumacher Hen
rietta Walking, Elizabeth Osman.
Percy Anderson, Robert Mink, Lewis
Alderman, George West, Robert Bar
nett, Radon frost, Billy Hay, Grant
Singer Russell Backley, julius Reed
err, Carl Stohl, Myron Gray, Adolph
Johnson, Wayne Jennings, Roy Berg,
Gordon Lay, William Brown, Howard
Roberts, Dorothy DeLapp, Ruth Green,
Nellie Bjurster, Rebecca Harlan,
Edith Houchens, Evelyn Klein, Mar
celia Nyuelius, Helen Olson. Mildred
Louise West, Louise West
colt, Mabel Begun, Helen Bozeman,
Frances Conkle, Charlotte Deist, Ruth
Grey, Elizabeth Gonigam, Alta Hamp-
son, Wayne Halterman, Ellen Houch-
ms, Eileen Hulse, Gladys Johnson,
Katherine Johnson, Knutson Fern,
Harriette Mass, Mabel Roberts. Flor
ence Todd, Bertha Fribb9, Esther
Berg. Laura Bjenstrom, Vera Bjen
5trom, Ardella Furr, Ellen Gallagher,
Isabelle Hilton, Alice Johnson, Cert
rude Mass, Emily Mink, Helen Mink,
Hazel Todd. Helene Yentzer. Anna
belle Kidd, Mary Nywelius, Ottie Hal
terman, Dorothy Lambert
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
Uhe Ghrtattnaa Spirit

Great the change that has the world since last
Christmas
War Ilareds are evaporating.
Nations dsarming.
The spirit OF brothcry lovethe real spirit OF Christmas
again is subdung the emotions Of men,
The pendulum is swinging back, and the angels again are
singing, Peace eartll--good will to men,
There is Christmas than Santa Claus suffering
roasted turkeys, holly, meoe chimes and gftaden Christ
mas trees
The real Christmas is than day season or holi-
day, spirit Of unSelhsh charitable heart
Christmas is the anniversary OF the birth Of spiritual civ
lizaon.
The greatest event in human history occurred 1921 years
ago tomorrow.
The birth OF Christ-December IS in the year brought
mankind the code which lived up to, will extend the Merry
Christmas spirit until ii includes all days of the calendar
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24

Professional, Come. All We Faith
full" p y.
Prayer, pastor.
Part THE Annunciation.
J Part 2--The Vision OF the Shep-
herds.
r Part 3--Wise Men. III
Part 4-Bethlehem. -
Soloists-Mrs. Jane Capsel. 80.
prano; Miss Sophia Jobst. contralto;
Arnold Gerding. tenor; George Welsh.
baritone; Justin Jaeger, baritone.
Mrs. Alfred Rabenstein, organist.
Samuel Raymond. violinist; Arnold
Wilson. flutlst; Herbert Weiss. cell.
ist Miss Ida Chamberlain, director.
Choir OF twenty-five voices.
Madison Street Evangelical church.
Rev. II. A. Kramer, pastor 649 illinois
avenue. 10 u. IN. Sunday school
untes with preaching service. 1880
the Sunday school will render THE
Sign in the Sky"
st. Francis Catholic Church. Rev.
Casmir Miller, pastor. Masses at =
and 10.
Swedish Methodist Episcopal
Church, Prairie street. North Ottawa.
Sunday school at 10 o'clock.
St. Patrick's Catholic Church. Rev.
Father Hackett, pastor. Low mass at
8 and high mass at 1920 a. m. ..
st. Columba's Catholic Church.
Dean Thomas f. Madden. pastor. Low
masses at 7, 8 flor children) and 8;
high mass at 10. E.
Trinity Norwegian Lutheran Church
school at 9:45. Morning service at
10f5. Meeting of Luther League at
1880 p. m.
The Salvation Army: Sunday
school at 2 p. M. Y. r. l.. meeting
at CHS; Salvation Army meeting In
evening at 8.
Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church,
622 West Jefferson street. Rev. II.
II. Hartman, pastor. German serv-
tees at 9 a. m Sunday school at 10.
English service at 1O.45.
Christ Episcopal Church. Rev. @.
w. Farrar, rector. Celebration OF the
Holy Communion a. m. Morning
prayer and sermon, 10:4 Church
school, 9:45. Bible class, TO-. Strang.
ers welcome.
Illinois Avenue Evangelical Church.
corner Illinois avenue and Leland
"treet. Rev. r, p, Maue. pastor Sun
day school at $50. Samuel Totel
superintendent. Morning worship at
10:45. Christmas sermon. At 1880
D. m. Christmas program will be
presented.
First Church of Christ, Scientist,
116 West Lafayette street. Sunday
school at IL noon Morning service
at 10:45 O'Clock. Topic, Christian
Science" Testimonial meeting Wed.
nesday at p n The public lis
cordially invited to attend these meet
ings. The reading room is open every
afternoon except Sundays from 2 until
5 o'clock.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24

Recitation ..... Kenneth Eichelkraut
THE Star of the East ........
.............Mrs. Johnson's class
Recitation ,......, ...... Harriet Fox
Hymn, Come Hitler, We Faith
iul .,.,.,,. .'''',,,.,.,,,,,,
Recitation ..,..,.. Delbert Hartman
Hymn, I'VE Hail Thee With Re.
JOiclng' ...,.,', ,,,,.,,,,,,,.s
Recitation ....,,,...... Alice Bach
CnallipU I as.n,u
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
Copyright 1921. NEA seryico)

Iackett at all Of the masses. Th
! following is the program:
Professional hymn by Felix Men
G"lssohnBartholdy .,.........
Chancol choir.
LcjCal's mass in T. iiat..........
Roscwi@'s mass in F............
h}fle ,,.,......... ChOf
Gloria, Gralias ..........,......
Mildred Fitzgerald soloist.
Credo Cfedo in uhum .........
Justin Jaeger soloist.
Et Incarlatus Est ...........
Mrs Clom Crowley 3oloist
Gcnitum non Factum" ....
Clarence Crowley and Wallace Ruff
soloists.
Onertory, "Adeste Fi1eles" H. Lorler
Chancel choir.
Asnus Del ADMINISTRATIONS,
Justin Jaeger soloist
Bencdiction. o Salutaris, Tantum
Ergo, Laudato, Divine Praise.
Observation-Disclosures. Chancel choir
occasional Come Ye to Bethe-
'''''' . o. Q o -.-'S'Af0~A N''-''
Max wilkins orgarist.
The following are members Of thu
choir: Sopranos, LCrrain Gretten
cord, Margaret Brunnick, Mrs. Glen
Crowley, Mrs Jerome Rabbit, Nil
drcd Fitzgerald Angela Downey, Mar
garct MetiIlc Eleanor Moore altos
Mrs II Meagher, LCrette Brunnick
Elizabeth HarringtoH bass, justin
Jaeger, Clarence Crowley; tenor, Wal
lace Ruff, John Doueherty.
. . g
Zion Lutheran.
A beautiful Christmas service vii
be conducted at the Zion Evangelical
Lutheran church on Sunday evening
at csc O'clock The following pro
gram will DO given;
Hymn, Joy to the World" .....
Responsive reading .........,..
Hymn Shout the Glad Tidings'
Recitation .....-.,.A Arthur Hartman
Prophecies. Miss Thomas class
The Christmas journey .......
.... ............. Sunday school
Recitation ...... Esther Blumentha.
The Aununciation OF Mary 49,.
..,..........M Miss Schafers class
Solo .......... Miss Florence Hitter
Recitation ............ Evelyn Smith
the Birth Of Christ ..........
Harold FIartman's class
Hymn, 0 Thou Holieat'...,.,..
Observation-Disclosures. Sunday school
Recitation ...... Miss Martens class
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
CONGREGATIONAL Church.

AT the First congregational church
very beautiful musical program viii
be given at the service at 10:45 to
morrow morning. The complete pro
gram viii be as follows:
Organ prelude,
shepherd Song and Pilgrim Choir
us"-Wagner.
ANTI honal professional, Holy
Night"
Hymn (choir and congregation
standing), "Adeste Fideles."
Call to worship.
Prayer, Lords Prayer.
20, Holy Night" Adolph Adam
Chorus choir
Responsive reading, THE Nativi
ty."
Calm on the Listening Ear Of
Night J. j. Thomas-Chorus choir
Offertory. "Reverie,' Friml
Hymn, antioch
Sermon, Jesus and Our WORLD
Rev. VIM. s. Whitsett.
Prayer and benediction.
Postlude, "Fantasie," Ashford
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
Christ Episcopal.

Two services will be held at Christ
Episcopal church on Sunday A cele
bration of the holy communion will be
held at a. m. and a holy communion
service with a sermon will be solemn.
ICED at l0:45 O'clock The Bible class
of the rector. Rev G. w Farar, will
De conducted at 10 o'clock The fol
lowing musical program will be given
at 1G:45 O'clock
Prelude ...... ............,..
Professional. "Adeste FidPles".
lntfott ........,.-. Pliyei
Hymn, 20 Little Town of Bethle-
mem ..,,,............,,.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24

Women Of Bethlehem-Laura Eus
It's, Emily Palmer, Sophia Maxwell
Irene Hawley, Isabelle Brown.
Wise Men-Arthur d. Pricharj,
Fred S. Prichard, John l. Hoff.
Mary-Velma Eustis.
Joseph Cole.
Act III.-The modern nations.
England-iAnna Devore.
France-Edith Palmer.
ltaly-Ella SIMMER.
Japan-Helen Lansing.
Norway-Marie Enebo.
Russia-Sadie Ford.
Germany-'Mrs. PasSanete.
Columbia-Mrs. Morey Roberts
The Christmas carols used will be
sung by tho Baptist choir. AccompaH
lists, Helen Il. Hoff and Agnes Tyde-
man. New stage constructed by
Frank Cole and Theodore Eusts. Cur
tains and scenery by Mrs. A. d. Prich-
ard, Ella SIMMER and Laura NJ. Eu9,
It's. Special lighting effects by Ed
ward Stewart. Costumes designed
and executed by Miss Laura NJ. Eus.
It's and the ladies class of the Sunday
school Kettle drums and chimes,
Paul Baxter; general director, John l..
Hoff.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
St. cOIumba,s Catholic church.


At st Columba's church high
masses viii be sung at both and
10 n. m. tomorrow. The same pro-
gram viii be reapted at the 10 n, m,
as will be given at the q. m. mass.
The complete order Of the musical
service will be 40 follows.
professional Organ.
Mass by V. Hammered
Kyrie Eleison--Choir.
Gloria in Excelss Deo-Full choir
Gratios Agimus James NJ. O'Toole
Domino Fili--George Welsh.
oui Tollis-Thomas Il. Farrell.
Credo in Unum Deum Choir
Et IN Spritum Sopranos and al
tos.
0ffertory, Adeste Fideles--Choir.
Sanctus- Choir.
Benedictus NJ, OToole,
Thomas D. Farrell
Agnus Dei-Choir.
Recessional--O Organ.
Members of choir sopranos Mrs
Vim. Butler, Mrs Chas. Sticklen, Mrs
Dan O'Connell. Misses Sadie Kenny,
Betty Lohmueller, Veronica Brown
altos--Lucile Sanders. Anna LEX,
Helene Butter Mrs Arthur Welsh;
tenors-ThOmas Il. Farrell, Arthur
Hallagan; bass James NJ O'Toole,
George Welsh, Thomas Weitzel.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24

| hymn, I'VE Han Ihee with Re-
| Joicing' .,.,.''' ''.,..,.,.,,.,
Recitation .....,,.,..,.. Alice Bach
Christmas Spelling Lesson" ....
Mrs. Johnson's and Miss Lenze's
classes.
Lords Prayer, benedicton, ......
United Evangelical.
The Christmas program at the
United Evangelical church at the cor
ner OF Illinois avenue and Leland
street will be given on Sunday even
ing. The order Of the service will be
as follows
Recitation, Welcome, June Kellogg
Song ....., ...,...........P Primary
Exercise, Gifts for the King.
Madalne Elzer, Helen Schmid,
Vera Clark.
Recitation, christmas Stars" So.
Observation-Disclosures. Louise Totel
Song Happy We Are ...,....
Bethlehem Christmas pageant
Characters in pageant:
Bethlehem girls-Velma Halle,
Esther Farley, Pearl Mottaz, Clara
Meckenstock, Arlene Mottaz, Irene
Clark Cecil Mcclure, Lucille Hanson.
Bethlehem boyo--Wiliam Palma
tier Delbert Blackburn, Clayton Gam
her. Harold Chalus, Oscar Kaiser
Oren Benson, Harley White.
Shepherds-Paul Gambler, Sam To-
tel John Meckenstock.
Wise Men-F'red Hanna, Carl
Meckenstock, Cecil O'Brian.
Ia Epnrun IL m
Prophet-Max Meckenstock
Soloists--,Mrs. Lemuel Gyger, Mos
Fred Hanna.
Reader--Miss Ruth Gambler,
Accompanist $500 Miss Catherine
Fuerer.
e g .
First Baptist.
At the First Baptist church 8
pageant in three acts will be given on
Sunday night at 1870 o'clock. The
pageant was written especially for the
occasion by the church pastor, Rev
George c. Fetter. The members OF
he cast have been trained under the
direction Of John Hoff. The complete
program follows
Prologue, THE Search for the
Light Rev. George c. Fetter
Act I.-Scene: Herod's court.
IerOd ........... Or. Dana Palme'
Roman general. zee. Chan W. Hawlev
Governor Of Judea. ...W. r. Foster
Governor Of Samaria .....
..........,...D DIR. Burdette La Due
Roman centurion. .Guinette Johnson
\ poor Samaritan woman. .....
Danhinp HpTriCE
Attendants, slaves and soldiers.
Everett Gulbranson, Karl Ryule,
Oscar Johnson, Myron Stew
enson, Arthur Blankenship,
f. +. Roberts, Mr.. Lyle, Ed
mund Larson
The prophet pilgrim ...........
............R Rev. George G. Fetter
Act II,--Scene /, the plains Of Beth.
chem; scene 2, at the manger Of Beth
chem
Shepherds--Albert Beers, William
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
Special Christmas Services in Churches Of Ottaws

peace on Earth, Good WIN To.
ward Mem viii be taught In all the
churches throughout the city tomor.
row. With beautiful decorations,
special music and excellent sermons.
the services promise to be moro inn
pressive and beautiful than ever be-
fore, Special programs viii be Civ.
en- at every service In all the
churches throughout the city tomor-
row.
In addition to the programs of the
churches published In the Free
Trader-Journal yesterday the fol.
lowing programs viii be given:
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
go BERTON BRALEYS Pom
43Whrt& tntAh.&.S

TnIiathas again! And spirits grow morrieT
no"h drops each selfish conventional barrier
liearts beat more lightly and foolstep tether now
rms is the glorious period when
.H round The planet whatever the latitude
HUr'as are glowing with love and with gratitude,
l"le Tor tho moment Is fu OF beatude,
Christmas again.
Inns Is the happy and this IS the Jolly day,
LUIS ~ the dearest and tcuGCrcst t0Ilyday,
rms Is the magical, mislotoehoy.day
winch We have with US but once In tho year
Come on were good little pals all together now
lime to cut loose from your dignityss grow aror.
Od olks or young folks we're birds Of feather now
Christmas Is here!
Isn't II good to be friends with humanity,
Practicing something like true Christianity?
Must We 80 back TO the greed and the vanity
Which have made aud among mon?
Christmastimc spirit-how splendid q thrill II Is!
Let us preserve It, with al our abilities;
Hold to 1t, live il, until It Is
Christmas again.
Copyright 1921, NEA Seryice)
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
THE MANGER THRONE.

Part THE Annunciation
Baritone recitatiyc George Welsh
Tenor solo--Arnold Gerding.
Choir
Part 1.-THE Vision of the Shep.
herds
Quartette-MiXed quartette.
Alto and baritone duet Miss So
phia Jobst and George Welsh.
Choir.
Baritone recitatire George Welsh.
Soprano solo and chorus-Mrs.
Jane Capsel and choir
Part IIL-The Wise Men.
Hymn" IIark, the Herald Angels
Sing"
Offering,
Soprano solo, "Mary's Manger
Song'-Mrs. Jane Capsel.
Contralto solo, 90, Holy Night
Miss Sophia Jobst.
Choir.
Choral.
Part IV--Bethlehem.
Baritone dustin Jaeger.
Choir
Baritone recitative George Welsh
Alto soloMiss Sophia Jobst
Baritone solo, "Nazareth"-George
Welsh a. ga
Choir.
Gloria Patri.
"A. -. -
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
Presbyter ian.

Sunday school at 9:45 a. m. Classes
for all ages. Morning worship at
1915 o'clock Sermon, THE Christ
mas Message"
Special music $500 Mixed Quartet
Misses Irma Jegglie and Miriam
Farnsworth, Arnold Gerding and New.
ell NonckX.
Anthem, 20 Bethlehem" Soprano
obligato, Miss Ida Chamberlain.
Young peoples meeting at Gas D. m.
Christmas cantata. THE Manager
Throne" at 1880 p. m.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24

-'N-'''''t7''' +hii
Strangers cordially welcome. The
children's Christmas party will be
held in the parish house on Wcdnus-
day evening, Dec IS.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1921-12-24
Presbyterian Christmas,

The anniversary of the birth Of
Christ will be observed Sunday at
the Presbyterian church and at the
evening services which commence at
1880. the regular church choir as
sisted by several other vocal artists
of ottawa will render cantata writ
ten by Charles Fonteyn Nancy en-
titled THE Manager Throne which
is a beautiful word story of the event
that it most wildly pictures. The
choir Is composed of twenty-seyen
voices under the direction OF Miss
Ida Chamberlin. who has most sue
cessfully directed several such events.
The solOists for the evening will be
Mrs. Jane Capsel, Miss Sophia Jobst,
Arnold Gerding, George Welsh, Jus
tin Jaeger, The accompanies are
Mrs 4. c. Rabenstein organ; Sam
uel Raymond, violin; Herbert Weis,
cello; Arnold II. Wilson flute The
members of the chorus are: SOpran-
os-Margaret Burch Bcrnice Curtiss.
Irma Jegglie, Ruth Knapp, Henrietta
Knoll. Fern MCKinstTy, Pauline Ma
gel, Leila Parks and Mrs Grace VII
son; contraltos Mrs. Chester Doug
las, Mrs. Ella Egan Helen Eisenhaus
Miriam Farnsworth, Mrs Grace Ga
pen and Mrs Baraba SAWYER; tenor7
Andrew Leix and a. c. Rabenstein
bass-V. a. Capsel, Frank Funk, Wal
ter Mclaughlin, Newell VonckX and
Paul VonckX.
Following is the program:
Gloria Patri
PROFESSIONALISM All Ye Faith
full"
PRAYER
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-06-20
PREHISTORIC MONSTERS.
Clumsy Brutes Which Overan Nebraska
and Wyoming

What geoogi term the OIigOcene for
nations contain the fossil bones of
great variety of extinct animals. These
strata are among the most widespread
and most regularly distributed of the
Tertiary sedimentary rock formations of
the Great Plains and cover vast area
in Nebraska and Wyoming.
The lower Oligocene beds, which are
believed to be over two million years
old, are oftcns called Iitanotherium beds
because they contain great quantities OF
the bones of extinct mammals of that
name. They were clumsy bruteS OF ell
ephantine size. according to the United
States Geological Survey. Department of
the Interior, having on the front OF the
skull Il pair of great bony protuberances
which. although hornlike in form, were
probably not sheathed in horn The head
was long and large and of fantastic
shape In its thick, heavy body and
short, massive legs the titanothere re
~embled the modern rhinOceros. 1t was
doubtless a sluggish. stupid beast, Tor
its brain was small III comparison with
the size of its body. The brain cavity
was only u few inches in diameter and
was surrounded by thick bone, as If TO
withstand shocks in battle. The NItan-
othereS We're the most formidable ANIMALS
of the time and Though, 50 far as
known. there were then no carnlvores
capable of doing them serious harm. yet
they seem to have disappeared suddenly
from North America.
The animals of Oligocene time seem to
have been abundant as well a varied in
kind. Among the characteristic animals
of this epoch were primitive forms OF
rhinocer0ses, peccaries. ruminants. cam
els. insectivores. and oposSums, Some OF
the fresh eaters of the preceding Eocene
epoch had developed into true carnivoreS,
including many forms of both doglike and
catIike animals The saber-tOUthed I'll
ger one of the most formidable enemies
Of primitive man. first appeared IN the
Oligocene epoch.
The horses whose history began with
the diminutive four-tced Sohippus con-
timed i'm the Oligoccne, in which they
pool- eaJV NuBm 80 p9luaSaIdoI 9IaM
forms that were about as large as Sleeps.
Hoglike animals were rather numerous,
and although many of them were smaller
than the modern swine. some OF them
were very large. One of these was for
midable beast with curious problberanceS
On its head the use of which is not
known RhinoccroseS similar to those
now found in AfrieaRand india lived IN
western America. and other rEinoceroS-
like animals were abundant.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-06-20
VINCENT HANDED
IN RESIGNATION
Win0oski Mans Health In
proved so Fast, How
ever, He Stuck to
His Job

Alphonse G. Vincent, a well-known
emplove of the American Wooden Co,
whose home is at 81 River erect, Vim
ooskj, Vt, while discussing his remark
able experience with Taulac said:
1t is fact I felt so miserable and
so near played-out that I had given my
resignation to the fore man and told him
that ! would have to give up altogether.
Luckily for me he held the resignation
back for few days and in the mean
time ! began taking Tanlac, and it i'm
proved mc so much that / notified him
OF it, and stayed on the job.
My headache. dizziness, pain in the
side, and, in fact every bad feeling dis
Appeared. I have a big appetite now,
and | eat anything | want and never
feel the slightest distress from gas or
sour stomach afterwards. To put it in
a few words. | am as well and hearty
and active as boy OF twenty, and if
I talked from now to the end Of my
days ] could not say half of what |
would like to say about Tanlac. 1t has
Just made me feel like brand-new
man.
Sold in Brattlcboro hy the Brattle-
boro Drug Co.-Adyertisement.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-06-20
MUSHROOM TESTS FAIL.
Collectors Are Warned to Gather Only
Fungi known TO BE Safe.

Mushrooms and some other fungus
growthS are highly priced a articles OF
food by many persons. Inc nutfltlNe
value Of mushrooms is low. but they may
he prepared in various ways which render
them delicious More persons doubtless
would seek wild mushrooms and other
fungi if they were sufficiently informed
to distinguish between the edible and the
deadly poisonous growthS. Some very
erratic and dangerous ideas concerning
ways Of telling the edible from the poison
Gus growths are altogether too commonly
believed. according to a bulletin OF the
department of agriculture.
Mushrooms are frequently thought Of as
edible and toadstools as poisonous. As a
matter of fact the bulletin says. the
words mushroom and 'toadSteof' are
used indiscriminately and do not indicate
whether the plants are edible or poisonous.
\ test for poisonous mushrooms often
recommended is based on the belief that if
n silver coin placed in the utcnSil in which
mushrooms are CnokcF furnishes, the
mushrooms are poisonous. Absolutely No
reliance can be placed on this test. accord
ing to the department. as both poisonous
and edible kinds may turn silver dark.
Equally baselcSS is the belief that n
mushroom is shown to be edible" con
tinues the bulletin, If the skin can be
peeled from the cap readily. because peel
ing is possible with many poisonous spc-
cits
The notion that soaking or boiling
poisonous mushrooms in salt water will
render them harmless has no foundation
in fact. Some persons have thought that
the presence of insects on mushrooms is
proof Of their edibility. This is n danger
Gus superstition, because insects infest the
most poisonous as well as the best edible
species or fungi.
The collector of mushrooms cannot
depend upon any simple test. If he in
tends to use them for food he must know
what he is gathering. 1t is c0mpara-
lively small matter to learn to recognize
a few kinds of deadly mushrooms and Ger
tain edible ones. If he will gather only
the kinds that are well known to him. a
careful collector may not be afraid to
gather wild fungi for food. He should
not be misled by attractive colors or pleas
ant odurS"