davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18
TO EVADE TAXES
Rich Divide Property With
Their Families

Washington.-In a discussion on
the revenue bill in the senate, the de-
vious methods used to evade payment
of the income tax were shown.
One method is to buy coal prop
critics intended to lie idle for years,
give notes for nearly all of the pur-
chase price and then deduct the in
terest on the notes from the income
Testimony before the senate finance
committee showed that men having
an income of 100000 and 100000
a year divide up their property with
their family, thereby reducing the in
come and cutting down the higher
percentages.
There are dozens of plans," said
one treasury official 1T is shown
and proved in the result in the de-
partment, where you see that the num-
Der of higher surtaX people are drop
ping down and the revenue is going
down."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18
EMPLOY new METHODS
PEOPLES MONEY SECRETLY AIDS FOREIGN
SHIP COMPANIES WHILE RAIL OWNERS
URGE WAGE REDUCTIONS ITO HELP
AMERICAN INDUSTRY"
Unpatrotic Methods of Railroads to Hamper Americas
Merchant Marine Shown Up By Senator
RanSde

New York-Railroad are using
government funds to hamper the
American merchant marine is the
charge made by United States Sena-
tor Ransdell, of Louisiana, in a speech
in this city
The speaker called attention to
copies of contracts between railroad
systems and foreign shipping lines
that are filed with the interstate COM
merce commission
In these contracts the railroads
agree to use their best efforts to Sc
cure freight for the foreign shipping
companies to the exclusion of Ameri-
can ships.
Exclusive use of facilities is grant
ed in many cases, free wharfage and
freight handling is given, special ar
rangements on through bills of lading
are made, and many other privileges
are accorded"
These railroad owners are referred
to by Senator Ransdell as "interna-
tional Americans"
The Pennsylvania railroad is shown
to have contracted with Furness,
Witty & Co., British corporation,
ito promote the business of the said
steamship line" as against their in
dividual and mutual competitors"
The Baltimore & Ohio railroad
agrees with the North German Lloyd
line to give that company the free use
of piers, sheds, coal yards and ware
houses; to try to get the vessels of the
line exempt from city, harbor and
county taxes, and do its best to get
mail contracts for these foreign
steamers.
The railroad further agrees to al
ways deliver to the company's steam
ers the best Cumberland coal at a
price that shall be always so cents
per ton under the market value at
Baltimore"
The Boston & Albany railroad
agrees to grant the Cunard steamship
line, another English corporation,
the free and exclusive use of certain
piers" /" to make all reasonable efforts
to secure the amount of export freight
required by said steamship company, !"
and under certain conditions pledges
"a reduced rate of 21a cents per hun
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18

dred pounds for freight in car load
lots"
Senator Ransdell shows that while
these international Americans" are
plotting against American ships, they
are campaigning against the Ameri-
can merchant marine, which is being
slowly pounded to pieces by unpa-
triotic methods that no other country
would tolerate.
The southern lawmaker exposed the
claim of these international Ameri-
cans" that high wages is wrecking the
American merchant marine. He said:
Our private companies operate ships,
in spite of high wages paid to labor,
in successful competition with the
world, because Of greater efficiency"
The speech is of especial interest to
organized wage workers because of its
expose of methods employed by rail-
roads that are now attempting to beat
down wages of employees, and are urg-
ing the repeal of the seamen's law.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18
FEDERAL CONTROL
OF RAILROADS ALL THAT SAVED THEM FROM
FINANCIAL RUIN, DECLARES MEMBER
EASTMAN OF INTERSTATE COM
MERGE COMMISSION
Deficiency Under Federal Control Merely Nothing Be-
side That Under Private Ownership With
Greatly Increased Rates

the wages were further judicially con
sidered by the labor board created
by the Esch-Cummins act, and the
result was a further increase of about
q per cent built upon the increases
granted during federal control In
its report the labor board said
cit has been found by this board
generally that the scale of wages paid
railroad employees is substantially be-
low that paid for similar work in out
side industry, that the increase in liv-
ing cost since the effective date of
general order No. 27 and it's supple
ments has thrown wages below the
pre-war standard of living of these
employees, and that justice as we'll as
the maintenance of an essential indus
try in an efficient condition require
a substantial increase to practically
all classes
''Since that time the wages have
been reduced II per cent. Further
more, / call your attention to the fact
that the national agreements, which
have been the subject of so much re-
cent unfavorable comment, were en-
tered into during the director general
ship of Walker d. Hines, a man of
unblemished integrity, and conceded
ability, who was for years prior to
federal control perhaps the foremost
spokesman of the railroad industry
Prices have been falling, and | do
not undertake to say that further
reduction in wages may not be neces-
sary for the good of the country.
have not heard both sides, and it is
not my job. | do suggest, however,
that if such reduction is to be con-
sidered, labor is entitled to a seat at
the council table when it is discussed.
and it is also, entitled to the presump-
tion that it has no less interest in its
country's welfare and no greater de-
gree of selfshness than shippers or
captains of industry.
Nothing but i'll will and contention
is to be gained by a policy of mis-
representation or concealment of the
essential facts. l further suggest
that it is self-evident at least that no
scale of wages can be fairly or pro-
fitably built upon the pay which men
out of work in a period of unemploy-
ment are willing to take as an alter
native to starvation"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18

placed by cooperation, five obvious
and minimum conditions must be met,
declared &. Beebohm Rowntree, of
Rowntree & Co., Ltd, York, England,
before the American Academy of Po-
htical Science. Mr.. Rowntree said that
leaders must love those they lead, and
that labor must be assured of: Earn
ing sufficient to maintain a reason
able standard of comfort, reasonable
hours of work, reasonable economic
security during the whole working
life and after, a reasonable share with
the employer in determining the con-
dition of work and an interest in the
prosperity of the industry.
Reasonable earnings" said Mr.
Rowntree, SHOULD make it possible for
man to live in a decent house and to
bring up family of average size,
leaving a margin for contingencies
and recreation A woman should be
enabled to live in accordance with
similar standard of comfort providing
for herself alone
''It is not suggested that it is pos
sible to increase wages at once The
important part is that employers
should do everything in their power,
by improving industrial processes and
| organization, to render industry so
efficient that such wages can be paid
in the near future and can rest content
until this has been achieved.
"The workers should have sufficient
leisure for recreation and self-expres-
sion outside the factory. If hours are
too short it will be impossible to
raise the wealth production per work
er to the point necessary to enable
adequate wages to be paid. A work
ing week of AZ hours has proved to
be satisfactory general standard and
any deviation from it should be justi-
fed by special circumstances"
OF reasonable economic security,
Mr. Rowntree said
Until the menace of unemployment
is removed we can never hope for in
dustrial peace After the state, the
municipalities and the employers have
done everything possible to reduce the
volume of unemployment, there must
still remain a considerable and fluc-
tuating amount of unemployment
which is unavoidable. This can only
| be dealt with by system of insur-
ance. In order to remove the menace
of this involuntary unemployment
from the minds of the workers, the
benefits payable must be adequate;
| so per cent of the average earnings
for unemployed workers, with an ad
dition of 10 per cent for dependent
wife and per cent for each depend
ent child, with maximum of rs per
cent of average earnings. This in
surance may either be undertaken by
the state, by industries or by individ-
ual factories or small groups of fac
tories, or by combination of these
methods. The cost of providing bene-
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18

Atlanta.-One of the reasons for
federal control of railroads "was the
preservation of railroad securities
from financial decentralization" said
Joseph B. Eastman, member of the
interstate commerce commission, in a
speech in this city.
The speaker said railroad discus
sion in recent years has been on a
painfully low level.
II am not thinking of the ignor-
ance and demagoguery which always
enters into any public controversy,
but of discussion from sources which
are presumptively intelligent" he
said
Now ] am not speaking of hon
est criticism. We all need it. / have
in mind the propaganda which omits
everything that is favorable to the OBJ
ject of attack, turns the spotlight
upon everything that is unfavorable
and adds q few lies for good measure.
'The fact that the roads when
under federal control failed to earn
the so-called standard return by
many hundreds of millions of dollars
is offered as proof positive of the
ineffciency of government operation.
But | call your attention to the fact
that the first six months after the re,
turn to private control the deficiency
was upward of $600,0O0,000; that in
the II succeeding months following
the most stupendous increase ever
made in our railroad rates the de-
ficiency was at least 0,000,0 ,000 and
that it was kept from reaching a still
larger sum only by slashing in eXpen-
ditures which have left the country
with one of the largest percentages
of bad-order cars in its history. There
were explanations for these deficien-
cies, it is true, but SO were there ex-
plantations for the deficiencies during
federal control.
"Take the case of labor The i'm
preston has been spread broadcast
that the increases in railroad wages
during federal control were the pro-
duct of intrigue and political pres
sure. The facts are that the major
increases were made upon the recon-
mendation of bipartisan board of
arbitration headed by Franklin K.
Lane, which thoroughly considered
both sides. Following federal control
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18

fits on the the above scale universally
would amount to about 31a per cent
on the wages bill and this might be
shared between the state, the employ
ers and workers"
On the subject Of giving workers
voice in determining conditions, Mr..
Rowntree said that experience shows
that the employers opposition to
trade unionism has been removed, so
the antagonism of the unions to the
employers has disappeared 1t is
necessary to move cautiously so that
the efficiency of industry shall not
be lessened
Very satisfactory results are being
obtained in many cases. 1t is essen
tial that the workers should have a
share in determining matters which
are of real consequence, not just well
fare matters. They should have a
share in the legislative, executive and
judiciary affairs of factory admins
tration
''The last condition of industrial
peace is that the workers shall have
QUIT FIGHTING LABOR"-2
an interest in the prosperity of the
business in which they are engaged
1t is important to be clear as to what
it is expected to gain from the intro
duction of a system of proft-sharing
1t will not be an effective substitute
for payment by results, nor must it
ever be introduced in order to under
mine trade unionism. It's purpose is
to create psychological atmosphere
in the works favorable to harmony
between capital and labor.
"Just as the policy of the balance
of power between the nations makes
the worlds peace mere contingency,
so the policy of federated capital on
the one hand and federated labor on
the other, each trying to become so
strong that it can dictate its own
terms, has resulted in an appalling
instability in industry. Better meth
DDS must be devised and there never
was a more favorable opportunity
than the present for finding and
adopting these. The only effective
way of dealing with the question of
industrial unrest is to get down to
its root causes and then to seek to
remove them.
"The present situation calls not
only for bold action but for magma
tion and sympathetic insight on the
part Of those who conduct industry:
and the first step for dealing effect
lively with the problem of industrial
unrest must be taken by employers" f"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18
FAVOR ANTI-LYNCH BILL

Washington.-Th Dyer anti-lynch-
ing bill, imposing heavy penalties on
persons involved in mob action result
ing in the taking of life, has been
favorably reported by the house judi
ciary committee.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1921-11-18
"QUIT FIGHTING LABOR"
ADVICE OF BRITISH EMPLOYER TO OPEN sHOPPERS-TELLs
THEM WORKERS WILL COME MORE THAN
HALF WAY ANY TIME
Must Remove Menace of Unemployment We
Peace--Workers be- Given Voice

New York.-If the antagonism be-
tween capital and labor is to be re-
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1921-01-29

rent fiscal year was approved and or
dered printed in the Jan. 29 and Feb.
5 editions of The P~leasantville Press
after which, on Wednesday evening,
Feb. 9, at 8 p. m., in the Council
Chamber, a public hearing will be
given, as required by law, to any who
desire to make themselves heard, for
or against the ordinance.
Inasmuch as there is considerable
mercantile tax yet to be collected and
as the officers in charge Of same up
to this time have their hands full OF
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1921-01-29

500 per annum. !.
Signed by Thomas Draper, Jr., S. W.
Glberson, e.. j. Mccarthy, Ira Lake and
Mrs. Clara Smith, parents of children
attending the Pleasantville schools, a
communication was received request
ing Council to lend its support to the
proposition to nave some means pro-
v1ded whereby Absecon scholars at
tending Pleasantville schools can pur-
chase trolley communication tickets To-
cally without having to go to the troll
ley office in Pleasantville for same.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1921-01-29
EPISODE No. . "The Invisible Raw

other city business according to the
explanation of Mr.. Henry, he favored
the creation of the office of Mercantile
Tax Collector and introduced a reso-
luton creating said Office, which was
adopted, but no appointment to the
office was made Wednesday night.
The. resolution provides the Mercantile
Tax Collector shall collect all mercan-
tile tax due the city under the pro-
visions of the Mercantile Tax Ordin-
ance recently passed; his term shall
be for n year and he shall receive
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1921-01-29

Thomas Draper, Jr., advocate of the
plan, being present, suggested the city
officials get in touch with Superintend-
ent Gale, of the Trolley Company, to
see If the City Clerk, who is also
Clerk OF the Board of Education, or
some other designated official can be
empowered to supply the commuters
with tickets from this end of the
route. Council instructed the proper
committee to confer with the Board
of Education relative to settling the
matter amicably to all concerned.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1921-01-29

Following is the program of the Alb
secon Chautauqua to be held next
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1921-01-29

Direction Viola School of Dancing
The Washington times., 1921-05-25
4 Mighty Star PlouUing Its Way Through NebuIa

strange nebula has been. under OBJ
servation by astronomers, and the
angle OF the fan during that time
has undergone no noticeable change.
as II would have done IL there had
been any considerable variation in
the speed OF the star.
THE Outstanding feature OF the
fan" says Prof. Brown, "is it's rapid,
irregular variations in light-giving
power in different parts while its
outline remains approximately the
same" These variations may be
attributed to local variations OF
density in the swarm. and perhaps
also to cumulative effects in the in
terror OF the fan which are released
in pulses rather than continuously.
Another feature OF interest to
everybody in Prof. Browns investi-
cation OF the extraordinary object
in Monocerotis Is his statement that
the Investigation was begun in
order TO examine the possibilities
that IL might furnish OF the evolu-
ton OF a planetary system.
Modern scientific advance has so
widened the thoughts of men that
almost no intelligent person now
adays is indifferent to questions
concerning the origin OF worlds,
and curiosity Is awakened not only
about the beginnings OF our own
The Washington times., 1921-05-25

rather inconsiderable world, but
also about the coming into exist
ence OF other, and new. worlds,
even though they lie in depths of
space upfathomable except to the
brothers, mathematics and imagi-
nation
The latest preceding hypothesis
OF the origin or solar systems is
the plsnetesimal theory, which as
sumes a scattering of matter into
intersecting curves by the partial
disruption OF a body tstar) sub
jected to the tidal strains OF an
other great body passing by IL.
These scattered particles, named
planetesimals, are assumed, by their
falling together at nodes, to give
birth to planets circling around the
greater body, or sun. from which
their substances was torn. Prof.
Brown has not offered any develop
ment OF a new theory OF this sort
based on his studies OF the fam
shaped nebulae, but he remarks
that with the knowledge which has
been gathered of the distribution
and motion OF matter in space IL
appears that the passage OF star
through widely diffused matter will
be by no means a rare phenomenon
like that OF the close approach OF
two stars"
The Washington times., 1921-05-25

lowed by a faint fan-shAped lumi-
Mostly. in which curious variations
Of light have been noticed. That
doesn't sound every interesting TO
the layman, especially when he Is
told that the entire phenomena is
only visible with powerful tele-
scopes.
But the thing assumes q new az
pect when viewed in the light OF
Professor Browns suggestion.
backed up by mathematical calcu-
lations, that what is actually seen
there Is the spectacle produced by
a star blowing Its way through a
nebula and throwing the luminous
spray in hyperbolic pillows over
billions OF cubic miles OF space.
or course Professor Brown does
not apply poetic expressions to the
results OF his analysis. But the
imagination inevitably takes fire
at the touch of such kindling facts
as he deduces by the cold process
es OF mathematics.
With his equation he shows the
course OF each OF the countless
streams of nebular particles under
the impulse OF the attraction of the
plunging star and traces the fan
shaped hery cone that must follow
the star, proving that it's outline
accords with the shape OF the OBJ
ject that the telescope reveals.
For some twenty years now this
The Washington times., 1921-05-25
By Garrett p. Serviss
Eniaeat Astro.~aer and Winter o.
Problems Of SctentiAc Interest.

6ninent AstrOHSoer and Writer o.
Problems 81 Scientific Interest.
a SUPERIOR being visiting the
~ earth to see what little NOR
tails are worth would probab-
ly pay but. scant attention to what
we generally regard as our great
est achievements and our biggest
men," but would be much impressed
at the sight of an astronomer sit
ting In a dark corner on this in
Significant "footstool" and trying
to ngure out the meaning OF things
many trillions OF miles away, OF
whose existence he has only learned
through the aid OF his telescope.
That would strike the visitor as a
very promising indication OF the
existence here below OF the kind OF
common sense that prevails in high.
er realms.
And just at this moment he might
see . nne example OF such expan-
sion OF terrestrial intelligence in
the explanation OF the peculiar ap-
pearance and conduct OF little
nebula in the constellation of Non
ocerous. which has been suggested
as a working hypothesis by Profes-
sor Ernest W. Brown, OF Yale.
This object, known to astrono-
mers as "HubbIe's variable nebula,"
has q kind OF head or nucleus, fol-
The Washington times., 1921-05-25
is MARRIAGE A
SUCCESS?
GIVES HUSBAND CREDIT
KITS marriage a success?"

KITS marriage a success?"
Well. ] will say yes. With
me II is . perfect happiness.
OF course. we have our little disagree
ments. but they last only a few min
utes. have been married four years,
and ! would not be single again for all
the money in the world.
OF course, i have to give the
credit to my husband. I have a
nasty, temper, and he knows It.: so
when would get the blues I would
pick quarrel with him, but he
would 60 out and give me time to
think how foolish I was
We have two children (boys) and
expect another. My husband never
goes out without. kissing us good
bye. .f.~
sometimes think my happiness
is too good TO last; that one OF US
will die soon. He doesn't like the
movies, but do, so he let's me 40
every other night and he minds the
children. He likes to sleep a lot,
so mind the children the other
nights and he goes to bed. That's
how we manage IL. lr every one
would compromise they would get
along and be happy as we are.
HAPPY WIFE.
The Washington times., 1921-05-25
THE RHYMING
OPTIMIST
By Aline Michaelis
The Voice Of the Forest.


TLovE Nature in all of her phases,
for she Is a beautiful maid. |
u love her wild, gold-heartcd
daisies, her aspect in mountain
and glade. There are hills where
the air Is a potion to build up my
courage anew: there arc wonderful
vistas that are tenderest to blue. I
am glad of the suns golden glimmer
as II touches the danfodifs cup; I
am glad when days shadows grow
DINNER and the rim of the moons
creeping up. But best of Earth's
beautiful story. and fairest of all
to my eyes are the forests that
crown IL with glory. reaching up
to the smile of the sky. Some may
sing of the seas shining reaches,
some may sing OF the snow covered
heights; but for me. I sing birch
trees and beeches and the dim for
est's cIoistered delights. And I>joy
in the oak and the willow. in the
laurel. the palm and the pine. as at
ease on some fresh. messy pillow
gaze up where the boughs inter.
twine. In the forest no language is
spoken save the speech Of the birds
and the bees. and sometimes the
silence Is broken by the whispering
voice of the breeze. But the trees
tell an eloquent story as they ever
reach up toward the light, where
the sun rays come down like a
glory and the star-beams lie misty
and white. For the heart of a tree
in its yearning seems much like
the soul Of man, to the light It
has ever kept turning since the
world on its voyage began.