South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-08-19
A Review of the Worlds Colonies,
PrOteCtOrdted and Mandated Areas

creased commerce by the areas and
people whose peace has thus been
assured and their industrial and
commercial development stimulated.
The railways OF the colonial world
now aggregate 15e. 900 miles in
length while the commerce Of the
worlds colonies. protectorates and
dependencies IN 1920 aggregated
about $1,000. 100000: imports form
ing about $4,000. 600. 900. and exports
about S6.OOO.OOO.OOO Of this grand
total Most Of the areas In question
are producers OF raw materials and
their exports in most cases exceed
thcri imports. their chief exports
being cereals. meats, tea, coffee,
sugar. wool, hides and rubber, and
their chief imports manufactures
C-awn in large degree from the gov
erning country.
Mother Countries Control Trade.
Prior 20 the war. the bulk OF the
trade Of the colonies occurred with
the governing country, except In the
case Of Canada and the other
colonies lying near 10 the great
markets Of the United States, but
during the war the unsettlement Of
transportation facilities led many Of
the colonies 20 conduct their ex-
changes directly with the countries
requiring their products and capable
OF supplying manufactures which
they took in exchange for their
natural products. AS a result our
own trade with the worlds colonies
as whole has enormously developed
in recent years.
The total imports Of the United
States from the entire colonial world
lin 1920 were s1.9S6,O 900, against
only S426,000.00O in 1913. and our
exports TO the world colonies about
.$1. 80O.O00,000 against only 1913, 000,-
900 in 1913. these figures including
the trade with on rown non-contigu-
Gus territory. Thus our total trade
with the colonial world, including
our own islands. was, in 1920, So
775. 100000. against S1,O39, 900, 600 in
1913. Commerce with the world
colonies formed about 2T per cent
Of our total foreign trade in 1920,
against a little over p per cent in
1913.
War Brings Vital Changes.
The chief effect OF the war in
colonial control was-frst, the trans
fer to the victors Of the colonial
possessions Of the vanquished and,
second, the extension of government
of the victors over certain areas Of
the defeated countries which were
not formerly considered as colonies.
Germans entire colonial possessions,
located in Africa and the Pacific
area, were taken over by the victors
and their control distributed to al
lied countries considered expert in
colonial management or in position
to assume these duties by reason Of
the cOntiguity Of the area so dis
tributed 10 other areas already under
their control In many cases the
cuontries TO which these colonial
areas were distributed were given
by the League Of Nations a IMAM
date" over the colonies in question.
The covenant Of the League of Ma
tions prvoides in it's Article XIII
that
ITO those colonies and territories
which as a consequence Of the late
war have ceased to be under the
sovereignty of the states which for
merly governed them and which are
inhabited by peoples not yet able to
stand by themselves. there should be
applied the principle that the we'll
being Of such peoples form a sacred
trust OF civilization. and the best
methods of giving practical effect
OF this principle is tina 1.-THE tuJelage
of such peoples should be entrusted