davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Fuel Costs Cut

The increase in rates in 1920 did
not go into effect until the latter
part OF August. The comparison of
gross in July, 1921, with July, 1920.
therefore. is comparison in which
rates were. roughly, 80 per cent higher
than they were in July, 1920. 1t will
be SEEM therefore,, that the decrease
IL business in July, 1921, is far greater
than that indicated By the COMPARE
sons made between gross earnings.
This decrease in business is the OK
PLANTATION in part of the large saving
shown in operating expenses in June
and July Of 1921, as compared with
June and July, 1920. The July figures,
therefore. are the result Of reduc-
ton in the number Of men employed
partly because of reduction in traffic.
partly because Of a more effective con-
t1oi of expenses on the part of the
management and d larger output of
work per man hour obtainable as
jobs get scarcer, a reduction in gem
cral in the price Of fuel and the ~
per cent decrease in the scale Of
wages.
The fuel year for most roads begins
in April, and contracts are generally
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
n lGURES taken from the pre-
liminary report on school saw

ings which will shortly be is
sued by the Savings Bank Division
Of the American Bankers Associa-
ton, covering the school year 1920
'2l, show that there has been an en-
couraglng increase in the total en-
rollmcnt from 1,015,563, as COM
pared with 1,479,567 in the year just
closed, while gross collections this
year were $3,475, 8G7.96, as compared
with s2,800,30118 in the CORE
spending period Of the year before.
The American Bankers Association,
through its savings bank division, ac-
cording TO statement by Charles n.
Dcppc. chairman Of the division COM
mittce on savings and vice president OF
the Union Savings Bank and Trust
Company Of Cincinnati is encouraging
the establishment Of such systems n
every school in the United States, either
urban or rural, and acknowledges gem
cral support from educational officials
and teachers throughout tho country.
This plan for making each pupil 4
patron Of savings bank is also lead
ing TO new interest in methods for
teaching thrift and savings this other
work Of the teachers being aided b.
addresscs 20 be made ia every school
by bankers ard bank employees pro-
vided either through tho association's
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Is Wdo,c Disp!nvs Hcip

alohg with this went 2 Scho,,,e ~
"'noo" displays which has meant aur.
"ehlen business IN retailers and the
hrm Itself. Notions do not lend Them
se.Ves TO artistic displays as do many
't"er klnds OF merchandise. and The
small mefchant. pa ~ticularlv. would not
axe inc trouble to display the goods
81 MS window. The big merchants BE-
cause OF the value of their window
u'Sp'ay space, hesitated about putting
~ complete window of notions. feel
ing lhat the space could better be de-
s"'eo 10 articles of higher price and
51&ndardizlng window DISPLAYS and
hciping the dealer ARRANGE thcn,
The standardized notion denar-mert
as iinaliy developed and now in use oc.
ouP'os minimum Of ton linear fee,
"ha maximum Of sixteen feet. 1t
consists Of glass counter showcase
'n1 series Of stock boxes. The size
ana arrangement of these boxes have
'esn inquired out scientifically so that
" maximum amount of stock is carried
Il" minimum Of space. The number
% oo7ens of each item that should be
carried N stock also has been worked
ou' by series Of experiments in &C
tual retail sales.
As each item in the list * fully
guaranteed, the retailer has no loss
from unsatisfactory merchandise. In
ADDITION Samstag & Hilder Brothers
agree to take back all unsold merchan-
o:se; ms method of operation is en-
treiy different from the basis on
~hich notion goods have been sold
heretofore and is bringing excellent
results according to NJ. Samstag.
me notion business. he concluded
mas been showing 2 steady increase in
Vo:ume All during the depression The
splris % economy apparently has az
Iecfed tae bushes but little. because
OF the small price of most of the items
soio- On the other hand prices have
SHOWN a decline because of the drop
IN raw materials and competition
among manufacturers and wholesalers.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Keen Merchandising Puts British in Front

material, and how important are it's
functions in the maturing Of business
transactions. Its position is unique
and indeed supreme in the commercial
life Of England, IS it is without peer
in supplying the inhabitants of the
remotest parts of the world with their
clothing material.
Although the membership is large it
has q much deeper significance than
mere numbers. For instance, two mem
Der concerns operate more spndles
than are to be found in the combined
states Of Alabama, Mississippi, Tennes-
see, Kentucky, Missouri, Louisiana and
Texas, while fortytwo firms have more
spindles than tbs total Of the states
of North and SsEth Carolina. Georgia
scd Alabama, or the whole Of New Eng
land, excluding Massachusetts,.
OF the 600 or 50 companies who give
in the exchange directory the numhcr
Of spindles they operate there are
thirty with over 100000 spindlcs each,
ten having more than 100000 each and
two With over 100000 each.
One may get an idea Of the com
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
N. Y. Central Snoring

The showing made by the New ORR
Central during the period OF tsderal
control is comparable to some eNte'0
with that OF the Chicago, Burlneiom o
Quincy, although Of course the clncr
.rt character Of the financial structure
of the two roads MAKES the earnings
ner share on the stock of The com
rsnies quite unlike. The New YORK
central oDorates $3.50 miles OF road.
In july preliminary figures now avail,
able indicate that the company VIII
earn about s24 21a ,ooo gross. The ratio
Of oDeratjnr expenses to gross revenue
gill he apparcntly about e9.67 per cent:
Assuming q round figure, however, OF
10 per cent, net revenue from opera
ton will be about S7,2So, 900 dnis
compares with deficit Of s'9l DOC IN
July, 1920 Adding the net Tor the
Grst six months o. 1924 to the est
mated July net, there is over S2S'oVo'ooo
net for seven months, AID assuming
that the increase in the last five
months of 1921 Will be commensurate
with the increase in net III July, 1921 =,
as compared with July. 1920, the New
York Central may show more than
$50 900 900 net canned in 1921
The New York, New Haven e. Hart
ford. serving New England. reflects in
it's gross earnings the conditions IN
miscellaneous manufacturing 1nuus-
tries, and especially conditions in the
textile industries TIE estimated gross
for the New Yory New Haven & Hart
ford for July, 1921, is $9,ola'0o0. and
1. would appear that the ratio Of ex-
penses to operating revenues VAS IN
the neigh oorhood OF 9l.i2 per cent.
Assuming an operating ratio Of 81 per
cent. net for the New Haven in July
Will be about $4,000 FMS il not a
sufficiently low ratio Of expenses TO
revenues TO PERM. the Hew Haven TO
earn taxes, rentals and interest on its
funded and unfundcd debt. II does
show. however, ii decided Improvement
1.uer 1000 orcraf lon
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Can Be Made to Paw

The standardized notion denart.
ment.' says II. +. Samstag, us merely
the application of scientific business
methods to a business that has been
run heretofore on more or less slim
shod and unbusinesslke manner. in
the asst il has been too general. and
fdrthermo more has not been given the
sales stimulus that other departments
have received. With proper advertis-
ing and the proper kind of merchan-
disc. notions at retail can be made to
pay and pay well. In our standardized
departments we have proved that the
yearly turnover can be pushed up to
ten or twelve times year. The aver
age turnover OF all departments in TIE
ordinary department store runs from
our to seven times a year, and in no.
tIons alone from three to six times
year. IN cham stores | understand.
the turnover is higher Turning no.
ton stocks from ten 10 twelve times
a year is a higher average than most
department stores are making to-day
ard decidedly above the average Of ali
departments taken together
Mr.. Samstag explained that prior "a
the war the notion business. both At
retall and wholesale. was run in a
hit-or-miss fashion. The necessity If
substituting many articles Of domestic
manufacture for those formerly
brought from Europe, when the war
cut on imports, started the testing of
merchandise. Now, each Of the thirty
seven items in Mr. Samstag's list Of
notion articles is subjected 10 Iabo
ratory test This Was the firs- step in
the development Of the business. Later
came realization that the visual an
peal IN merchandise could be applied
TO notions. An artistic department was
organized and attractive packings were
cev!sed All the goods were stand
arolzed IN quality. size and packing.
IRON t3's It was but short develop
mcnt to standardizng the department
IN which these goods are sold
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Effect Upon Indian Trade

In connection with the effect Of ex-
change upon trade conditions at Kara
chi IN 1920. 1t was stated a. the recent
annus meeting Of the Karachi Cham
Der OF Commerce that. although the
value IN rupees Of exports from Kara
chi WIS by far the largest on record
the volume Of exports for the year
was reduced by more than threN
four;hs ITS pre-~ar proportions, &C
cording to vord received from Consul
L. Y. Richardson As possible rem
edy for tie p~evs lng tendcncy OF
exchanges between silver and gold US
ing nation = DRIFT toward condition
OF chronic instability. THE unrestricted
mlntage. terder. md Interchange OF
coins Of both cod and silver at ratio
to be fixed by international agreement
between the leading nations Of the
world was strongly advocated.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Standardization of Arti.
cles and Departments
Increases Turnover to
Twelve Times a Year
Plan Is Based on
Careful Inquiries
Pushing of Business by
Up TO Date Methods
Brings Big Results

T IS difficult for the average per-
son to enthuse over such trifes
as hairpins, hair nets, safety
pins. tape, elastic, needles. hooks
and eyes and snap fasteners. Of
themselves they are small items, they
cost but little and play a relatively
small part in the scheme of human
affairs. Nevertheless, they are nee
cssary.
A new attitude OF regarding these
items and score or more like them
has been developed recently by the es-
Enlistment of standardized depart
ments, based on scientific investira-
tons, for department stores where
such articles are sold The standard
lzation has reached further than this
and has been applied to the artc
of merchandise themselves. Properly
speaking. in the development of the
standardized department the tsnd-
ardlzation Of the merchandise cam.
first. The idea Of a department stand.
tlty of merchandise carried was an
afterthought
Samstag Il H'de~ Brothers. manu-
facturers and importers of notions
and novelties, with Headquarters IN
New York and branches in various
parts Of this country and abroad. have
brought out standardized notion de.
paatment, which has been placed in
many department and dry goods stores.
The success of these departments has
created considerable interest among
retailers, and plans are under way for
the installation of such departments
in other stores
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Quick Action

CONSIDER typical example: An ex-
porter, or shipper, as he is called. re-
cures lot of printed cotton goods
On the floor h. finds every weave Of
this class of goods Represented. and
beng known buyer such manufac
turers as are in need of orders will
be looking for him, among other pos
sible customers. He buys the calicoes
in the gray. /. e., just rs they come from
the loom Then he looks up the calico
printers, arranges with one of them as
to price, pattern and delivery. The
weaver from whom he has bought
turns at once to the spinncrs and buys
the yarn to fill that particular order.
the spinner IN tur. covering MS raw
cotton requirements with one Of the
cotton brokers he viii find al his
eloo%. arrangements for packing the
goods for export can be made IN a
few minutes with the representative
Of one q the packing concerns, again
CT the same floor
Lancashire distributing machinery is
very simple, yet as efficient as it is
SIMPLE. The spinner and weaver CON
Duct their business on what is virtual
y cash basis. 1t is the shipper wit,
tls established connections in and
statesmen covering many countries, who
buys f'om the manufacturer for cash
and himself shoulders the long credits.
packing and invoicing details. etc.
leaving the mill man to make the
goods and get his money for them as
soon as delivered. which usually means
vltn'N Il ve.y few days
Compared with this system. ours IS
antiquated. cumbersome and, above all
costly. | suggested the establishment
OF an institution of the same kind in
New York as far back as 1913, in an
address before the National Associa-
ton OF Cotton Manufacturers, pointing
out tina. Il could be made to profit It's
proprietors and at the same time enor-
mous'v reduce our present overhead
expenses in buying and selling. 1t is
undeniabls that system could be
orked cut tina. would suit American
conditions. If resistance were encoun-
tered from the ves-ed interests Of the
selling division o. the industry it
might net be diifcuil to demonstrate
that any Tears Of aNch an arrangement
interfering with net income were
ground'ess and that its ultimate effect
would inevitably be to strengthen the
American position in both the domestic
and overseas markets.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14


1t is Of importance to separate re-
auctions made in transportation Ell
penses and in maintenance expenses
Normally in July maintenance Of way
work is at the full, rail laying is going
on, extra gangs are working with the
regular section gangs, and matte-
nance Of way expenses arc from 10 to
so per cent higher than in the winter
months. Some railroads are charging
a regular monthly percentage Of the
total years maintenance expenses to
operating expenses, regardless Of
whether the work is being done or not
Others are charging only those ex
penditurcs which are actually made to
the months expenses. The Interstate
Commerce Commission permits either
basis of accounting, and the New York
Central is following the f1rst method,
the Baltimore & Ohio the second.
The New Haven is apparently maxi
ing no effort to make better showing
by reducing maintenance expenses, and
of way and maintenance of equipment
forces were increased in July rs COM
pared with June, but that it was pos
sible to make slight decrease in the
number of employees in the transper-
tation department.
The Northern Pacific estimates that
its July pay roll will show a slight
decrease in the number Of employees
in the sporta ton department and
a slight increase in the maintenance
department., as compared with June,
1921.
The Norfolk & Western presumably
had its maintenance program we'll un-
der way in June, and there is no re-
IF INT n 1,,1
although there WAS an approximate de-
crease Of $50 men in the transportation
department.
On the New York Central mainte-
nance forces we're considerably in
creased and it is fairly safe to as
sumo that the number of men employed
III the transportat department was
no greater in July than in June. The
total number of men employed. how
ever, was about 1900 in July, as
against 63942 in June.
No attempt has been made in this
study to draw any DEFINITE conclusions
as to the course of earnings and ex-
penses for the railroads as whole
for the second six months Of 1921.
The examples, however, that arc taken
pretty we'll cover the entire country,
and are indicative of conditions, even
iF they are not precisely typical.
broadly, it may be said that they in
dicatc traffic at low ebb in July, Il
resumption Of repairs to equipment
by the stronger roads, a continuation
of full maintenance of way programs
on many roads, even or some Of the
weaker roads like the New Haven, but
reluctance to spend much for main
tenance on some Of the other roads
that have been having a hard time,
and they indicate that with the re-
duction in volume of traffic and tho
decrease in wages railroad managers
have definitely been able to cut down
transpc rtation expenses from the ex-
| travaganty high levels of 1920.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Hoap Exchange FORKS

Even when there are as many as
10000 men on the floor there is no
confusion or noise. The arrangement
is so simple that it is an easy matter
to lind any member in a short time if
he is on the floor.
SUBSCRIBERS are entitled to the use
of the floor, which is supplied bv te!e-
e. graph with general news as we'll as
the transactions on the most import
ant markets of the world Cotton
prices at Liverpool, New York. New
orleans, Alexandria. Egypt, and BON
bay; also the price of silver. are posted
in letters a foot high. Silver Quota
tons are Of great importance to the
large number of traders who sell in
Oriental markets.
mere is reading room, where di-
rectorles and newspapers Of all the
leading countries may be consulted
ana ample telephone, telegraph and
cable facilities. Indeed. the arrange
ments for collecting and posting han
penlngs OF Importance are so complete
that, in the words of the late Henry
Grady, Of Georgia, in his Boston
speech. "lf worm was found on the
leaf OF a cotton plant it was tele-
graphed over oceans to the Manchester
Exchange"
On this great floor, where trading
economy is brought to perfection. there
is nothing that is necessary in any
operation from buying a bale of cotton
grown i'll any cotton producing coun-
try IN the world, turning it into
finished fabric and placing that piece
OF cloth. on the counter of merchant
in any part OF the world. however re-
mote, that cannot be done, in short
ORDER, "on the boards" This Includes
the buying of everything needed 70 put
down cotton mill OF any size or sort
in any part of the world
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Exchange Barrier Hats Swiss
Alps Found Easier to Negotiate Than Problems
Arising From Appreciated Cur
rency Effect Trade

USINESS who feel that little hope be held for
exchange
and South American nations
examination the problems
No the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Ease With Which Trans
actions of All Phases
Can Be Made Feature
of Unique Institution

are thirteen large firms whose sole bust
ness it is to mack for export: seventy
stockholders, and last, but bv no
means least thirty-fve publishers and
eight journalists are members of the
EXCHANGE
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14

Progress of May and June
To Be Surpassed in the
ForihcomingSta Statements

negotiated in this month. The scarcity
Of fuel in April, 1920, probably re-
suited in some roads making longer
than oneyear contracts. From in
quirics made by The Tribune it would
appear that there is wide difference
between different roads as to the re-
ductions that have been made in cost
cannot therefore be drawn from such
specific figures as are available.
One road, at least, in the West has
made O. large reduction In fuel cost
The Missouri, Kansas 4 Texas fuel
cost in July was approximately 10 per
cent less than in the previous three
months. The New York Central fuel
cost it $109 less per ton in June and
July, 1921. than in 1920. and saving
Of $4,000 tons was made in the
amount of fuel consumed in June,
1921 as compared with June. 1920,
and q saving Of $4,000 tons in July,
1921, as compared with the spond
ing month Of 1920.
ton and on the Baltimore & Ohio
there has been only a slight reduction
in cost of fuel per ton. On the Nor
folk & Western fuel has cost between
30 and 40 cents a ton less in the last
three months. as compared with the
first part OF 1921 and the latter part
Of 1920
On the New Haven, where fuel costs
are such a large part of operating ex-
pcnses, reduction has been made Of
about 81 20 a ton in the fuel costs in
April In the Northwest, apparently.
there has been comparatively little re-
duction in fuel cost The Northern
Pacific reports that there is no sub
stantial change since April as COM
pared with 1920.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Potato Exports From Holland

The embargo on exports OF potatoes
from Holland was lifted July IL.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14
Manchester Exchange Has
BecomeWonder of Com.
mercial World by Adj
vancing Cotton Trade
BY William Whittann

:; s !; Z; ' public IT, :: :; ': =: !; !;
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14

Ihess heurcs chow tho great posi-
ton Of tho exchange In the trade ma
commerce Of the worlds ehisf eIothinr
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-14

ings which will shortly be
Evening star., 1921-05-29

$500 Yards of 17-inch Bleached
Huck Crash. suitable for towels.
scarfs or fancy work. Sold regu-
larly at 19c yard. On sale Tuesday
at 12Ac yard.
GoldeaberE'-FirstF Floor.
The Washington times., 1921-03-18
JUDGE RETRACTS
aUR AT BLONDES
Prases Brunettes in Court, But
Has to Take It Back When
Wife Appears.

NEW YORK, March ,,1s.-Another
innocent compliment gone wrong.
That is how Justice william Morris,
Of the First district municipal court.
Bronx. yesterday explained his state
ments made on Tuesday that bru-
nettess made better jurors than
blondes. Seated comfortably in his
home on account of the Irish holiday,
enjoying a plate of fresh cake just
baked by the blonde wife whom he
married forty years ago, the justice
laughed off the report that he had
said blondes were fickle.
"Such tempest in a teapot" he
remarked. 81 put it up to you. Sup
pose you were caught in hole where
a case which already had been on the
calendar fourteen times was in
danger of being postponed again, and
both sides were desperate. Suppose
the opposing lawyers disagreed on the
men Jurors and the only hope lay
in volunteer women jurors. Suppose
three pretty brunettes saved the day
by volunteering.
what male so callous that he
would not tactfully remark, winking
a little or with tongue in cheek. All
brunettes, / see. Good - enough
They make the best jurors. Blondes
are too fickle."
"All my family are blondes" he
said. 81. have been married to the
same blonde forty years. Who said
blondes are fickle? / see you are a
sblonde notwithstanding to the re-
porter. "An excellent race-blondes.'
The Washington times., 1921-03-18
MD. TOHENRY CLAY
HAS 103D BIRTHDAY
Dr.. HaIstead Has Great Great.
Grandchildren at His
Historic Fete.

BRECKENRIDGE, Mo-, March 1s.--
Henry Clay's physician, DR.. Joseph
Singer Halstead, has just celebrated
his one hundred and third birthday
One hundred and three roses, the gift
OF every man, woman and child in
Breckenridge were presented to the
aged doctor.
DR.. Halstead and his wife, who is
nfnety-three,> are both still hale and
hearty. and held open house for hun
dreds of their friends from this sec
ton of the State all day who came
to congratulate the venerable doctor
and to view the many Henry Clay
relics owned by him.
DR.. Halstead lived and practised
medicine in Kentucky during the
height of Clay's career. In 1860 he
moved to Breckenridge and purchased
a 240-acre farm on the outskirts of
the city, which he still owns
And / can boast Of one thing that
few others can" Dr.. Halstaadf says.
That is. that L am the fourth ITO own
this farm. The first was tlie King
of Spain. The next was Napoleon
Bonaparte and the third the United
States"
The .Halsteads were married in 1852.
Mrs. Halstead was the belle of one
Of the first families in Kentucky and
the niece of Charles A. Wyckeliffe,
twice governor of the State.
Eight children and fifty-eisht
grandchildren, great grandchildren
and great-great- grandchildre were
among those present at the birthday
celebration.