The Cordova daily times., 1921-01-06
Aldskd Needs Immediate. Definite, Adequate Relief y Coast and eeodec sue>

Seattle, through southeast Alaska to the upper portion of the Yukon river where it crosses the Alaskan bound ary. From that point lines of trangu, lation will extend through Alaska, ever routes indicated in later para graph.
 After being carriel by the Cana dians through British Columbia, this scheme of tridngulation Will lead northward across Dixon Entrance, thence up Clarence strait just east ward of Ketchikan, passing to the eastward of Kupreanof and Admir- ality Islands and up Lynn canal to where the scheme again crosses into Canadian territory.
 To that central belt of accurately determined control points will be connected loops of triangulation which have already surrounded or soon will surround many of the large and i'm portant islands in southeastern Alas ka, such as Revillagegido, on which Ketchikan is located, Prince of Wales Island, and others which are of vital importance to the development of that portion of Alaska
 | Accurate elevations are determined in the interior of a country by lines of precise leveling which are extend ed inland from tidal stations. At these tidal stations the relation be- tween mean sea level and some ob- ject on shore is determined by ong series of observations. The mean sea level is considered to be zero in the leveling net, and all other eleva- tions are referred to it.
 With the longitude and latitude known for each of number of tri- angulation stations and the elevations available for bench marks, we have what may be considered a frame work upon which detailed surveys can be made. If the area is local and can never be connected by tri- anguatiOn with any other (such, for instance, as an oceanic island), then extensive primary triangulation and precise leveling are not necessary; but in an area the size of Alaska each locality that is the scene of present industry and commerce will undoubtedly be connected by surveys and maps with other localities. If We do not have such a framework as mentioned above, there will be serious discrepancies when two local surveys or maps are joined There will be offsets, gaps, or Overlaps which will be sources of trouble until the whole work has been properly l adjusted to the strong control work that may be done to make the local surveys fit into each other
 1 It is the experience of all civilized nations that for the economical sur veying and mapping of their areas primary triangulation and precise leveling have been required. Many of 1 the countries have followed the sur i veys and maps by primary triangula- i iton and precise leveling, while others have had the control work precede the operations upon which the maps are based. In the United States much of the surveying of the public lands preceded any triangulation whatsoever, with the result that many of the maps have not the proper control.
 i Surveying is now being done in the izations of the government, especial l ly the United States geological sur vey, the general land office, and the forest service. There are, of course, mineral surveys made also. These organizations are now operating without primary control points, and there is no way of telling just where those local maps and surveys are To- cated, except those that are made near the cOas.. An approximate po- sition of survey may be obtained by astronomic observations. but the latitude and longitude of such sur vey may be in error by as much as one-fourth or one-half mile, due to the local attractions of the mountain masses on the plumb line, to which all astronomical observations are re- | ferred
 A letter from the office of the com missioner of the general land office, under date of September 8, 1920, reads in part as follows:
 "A system Of rrrangulation along