The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
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MOUNTAINS LIKE ICEBERGs
IN 4 FLOWING EARTH.
Mountains noat. Cubic yard for
cubic yard mountains weirh iess.
not more. than the valleys Tn.
mountains are held up by m,
lighter msteriai OF the earth's crust
novfng under them This has been
proved by researches conducted BY
the Division of Ceodesy Of the Coast
and Geodetic Survey, under the al
rection Of DR.. william Bowie, chief
Of the division. and his predecessor
Professor John r. Hayford. nov
with Horthwestern University.
4 II has been found that the earth's
crust 10 about sixty miles In thick
mess and near that depth. probably
below. the material Of the earth !,
yieidihg to. forces which act for
long times.
The earth's crust floats on thi,
yielding material II the earth,
crust were cut Into blocks by YER
teal planes. with the base Of each
block at depth Of sixty miles be-
low sea-level. and the area Of the
bases of the blocks were the sam.
and as large as 100 miles squar.
these blocks would have the sam.
mass. that lie, they would weigh IN.
same
BY means of the geodetIc oh
servations by the L. S. Coast and
Geodetic Survey. the weight, Of
these blocks have been found an
proximately equal This result had
been suspected for decades, but DR..
Bowie and Hayford have proved Il.
Geological science will be pro-
foundiy changed by this discovery
for now we know the mountain
masses are due 20 the presence OF
lighter material in the earth's crus,
under them, and that the ocean bot.
toms are low because the material
under them IL denser OF heavier
than the average.
DR.. Bowie concludes that there IL
no tendency for the mountain
masses to break down through IN.
earth's crust as they are not ex-
ira loads. They are like the por-
tions Of icebergs projecting out Of
the water which are held up by the
ice which is below or in the water
The iceberg floats and SO does the
mountain
| pr. Bowie also holds that. a,
mountain systems are in areas
which were once very low in eie-
.
Swelling OF the material in IN.
Iearth's crust under them. 4 lessen
ing OF the density OF 3 per cent in
a column sixty miles long will eIe-
waite the area about 5000 feet Such
a change in density. due 10 physi-
icsl or chemical changes. 10 within
reasonable limits.
Y As the mountains. plateaus, val
leys. and the ocean areas are IN
equilibrium there must have been
transference OF material from the
column Of the esrth's crust under
an area where sediments are de-
posted. back TO the area from
which the material was eroded BY
water and wind. DR.. Bowie be-
lieves that the flow Of material
takes place just below the crust.
that is somewhat below sixty miles.
The exact depth at which the flow
from one column TO another takes
place may never be discovered.
DR.. Bowie states that. as material
4 IL eroded from a mountain area.
the new material pushed in at the
bottom will tend TO keep the aver
age elevation OF the mountain sys-
TEN approximately constant When
material is pushed into the column
4
counter-balance the eroded matter,
every particle OF the column is car
ried upward into q colder zone Tn
der areas Of heavy sedimentation.
the material OF the esrth's crust is
pushed down into hotter regions A
l piece Of material may thus be raised
/, up or carried down as much as six
/ miles and, at times, more The
great changes in temperature are
4 probably the cause OF the uplift OF
a mountain system In an area Of
sedimentstion. and OF the sinking
OF the surface where erosion has
been great.
4 More than 50 per cent of the pop
ulstion Of rural Brazil over years
1 OF age is infected with hookworm.
FIND FURNACE REFUSE
II ONE-FIFTH COAL
) One-fifth of the boiler furnace ref
use or ashes fpower plants usinG
ilower-priced bituminous Goa