The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-14
AIR NAVIGATION
q AND ITS LINGO
Much Confusion Among
Laymen AS to Various
Air Terms
AIRSHIPS AND PLANES
Explanation Of Words Com
ing Into Use Since Air
Development

WASHINGTON, Sept. 13--Stand
ard aoronnuticaI terms, devised nnd
compiled by the national advisory
committee for ncronautics. hav"
been officially prescribed for use IN
the army and navy. Hereafter, inc
new order states. tho officers OF tAo
two air services viii uso the fcguli'
ton nomenclature.
For sometime. aerial experts point
out. laymen have been calling any
thing that travcIses the air an air
ship" whereas tho word "nircraft'
should he employed. They rny, that
MI balloons, rigid ana non-tigid air
rhipa. or lightcr-than-air craft. are
constantly being termed "bllmps." =
slang word, now obsolete. but ortgl-
nally used 10 designate n non rigid
airship, driven by an engine is-
stalled In an nlrplane tusclngo slung
beneath tho gas bag. Tho word
"hydroplane." hna often been mis-
used I'm referring to n scHplane; "hy-
droplane" dcslgnatea sea sled,
which planes on the surface Of the
water but does not take the mir. An
sirplane has been called an aero"
which. II ~ explained, IL as wrong
sa calling n boat "wator." The
words "acr9planc,' "hydro-acro-
plane" and "dlrigible," have been
done away with and "airplano."
'sea eaplano" and "airship" have taken
their places
According TO tho recent published
report of tho national advisory com
mttee, aircraft" constitutes any
form of craft designed to navigate
the air and In divided into aero
stats" md "airplancs" Aerostats
comprise llghtcr-thnn-alr craft, en-
bodylng n containcr flied with n
gas lighter than air. such a hydro
gen, and sustained by It's bo,Nancy.
they include '"alrshlps' and bal
looms"
Tho word "airplnno" IL now used
TO dcalgnay craft heavier than air.
obtaining their support from the
action OF the air on the wings. and
driven through the air by screw
propcllers TRACTORS" are air
planes having their propellcrs In
front, "pushere" having them In the
rear. Usually alrplancs are
equipped for land work with
wheeled landing gear. but when fit
ted for alighting on water with n
boat or pontoons the term sea
plane" Ia used.
Airshlp and Balloon.
"Airships," az the craft formerly
known as lighter-than-hir az now
called. are divided into three types:
rigid" whose form Ia maintained
by n metallic frame within the gas
or envelope: 'nonrigid." whose on
velope is kept taught by tho pressure
OF the cantained gas. and "somi.
rigid maintained by n rigid OF
tointed keel and also by gas pres
sure. These three types are all pro
PEELED by gas engines located IN 4
hull or car or In individual engin,
houses suspended below the sup
porting envelope, ana controlled by
means of rudders and fins.
Balloons" the second division oi
the aerostat class. have no power
plants nor means OF controlling their
horizontal flight. They include
free" or flight balloons OF the old
style spherical type; Captive" Sc
cured by n cable TO tho earth: bar
rage" captive balloons used In
forming an aerial barrage against
observation balloon, which has tail
captive balloons such as the Caquot
airpiane attacks; kite" elongated
fins to keep II headed into the
wind: nurse" n small. heavily fab
ricated balloon used for storing gas
pilot" and sounding balloons em
pioyod IN securing meteorological
data.
The hcavlcr-than- air types OF air
craft now officially termed "air-
planes" are divided into several
classes according to the number OF
plancs or wings. which are usually
superimposed, namely. monoplanes
blplanes, triplancs and multiplanos
There is also the Langley-type o
airplanc, which Ii still called tn,
TANDEM" from the Arrangement o.
It's double set OF wings on approx
matcly the aame level.
"Scaplanes' alrplanes designed Il
rlso from or light on tho water. ar,
classified In two groups; boat sen
planes, having n central hull no
unlike a boat, and float seaplnnes,
whose landing gear consists OF ON,
or more floats or pontoons
Among the new and often misun
derstood terms are the following:
Language of the Air.
Aeronant---Thc pilot of an aero
stat (airshIp or balioon).
Alrdromc --- A Ian Il ng flclt
equipped with hangers and shops.
Aviator--Thc operator or pilot o
heavier -than-'ur craft. such aa air
planes and seaplanes.
Bank--To incline a plane later
ally In turning to prevent skiddnE
Ceiling lght /,
which an airplane or airship cal
climb.
Fusclage---Body OF an alrplanc
including pasine and paaaonge
seats.
Glider--An airplane without
power plant
Heliocopter--An aircraft derivin,
It's support not from wings but IN,
vertical thrust Of propellers
NaCelle--Enclosure for passen,