davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-04-03

opment, but / believe that any Prime Min
lister and Imperial Chancellor would have
had the same feeling who had striven. as
long as I did, unremittingly to do his duty,
in that he sought as far as was humanity
possible to maintain the unity and mod
GRAFTON of the various departments in re-
spect of one another, and in the face OF
the justified expectations Of the governed
and their individual class interests.
The duty here indicated can without
violation of our institutions be performed
by the monarch in his character of Ger
man Emperor and King of Prussia just
as well as by an Imperial Chancellor and
Prime Minister If the monarch possesses
the requisite preparatory training and
capacity for work and discusses matters
with his Ministers in a pertinent manner,
not as monarch.
Even If he does the latter he should
nevertheless always feel 1t necessary-and
indeed he is compelled by his oath in re-
spect of the Prussian constitutional lis
ten TO the advice Of his Ministers before
he comes TO decision and TO consider
what his constitutional responsibility re-
quires of him.
But If he did not do so, and If his mere
command as the King of Prussia We're 10
meet with silent obedience from his place
hunting Ministers. and If this obedience
were to be communicated to the Prussian
voters in the Bundesrath; In other words
if the King of Prussia in his Cabinet were
to assume the position Of the French King
in the lit de justice (hoc volo, sic jubeo).
and If he were then to find Minister who
would accept the still existing position OF
private secretary, the kingdom would then
be left in a state of unprotectedness In the
face Of parliamentary and press criticism
which Is not compatible with our present
arrangements.
The Ministers are entitled to urge upon
Parliament the consideration that the
King. who in Prussia is the third term
of the legislative power. stands behind
them. but not think-as has happened
since nv resignation-to absolve them
selves from the vindcation Of their own
convictions by the argument that the King
has commanded such or such a measure.
The weight of the Kings personal opin-
ion NAV well be appealed to by a Minister
In recommendation of the measure which
he Is advocating but never in order to
cover his own responsibility for the meas
ure advocated Abuses Of this kind are apt
70 dissipate the responsibility which should
be the Minister'S. and to transfer II 70 the
monarch. who Is not present In Parliament
Cophright, 1921, bv Horper Bros
ITO be Continued)
The New York herald., 1921-04-03
and Kasern time of Bismarcks dismissal Small
panel at right he appeared in 1890

and the incoming tenant but In the gov
ernment of the German Empire, with all its
complicated relations, no such necessity
was apparent.
The indication In my discharge that the
Kaiser would make use Of my advice was
lever applied in practice, and 1t 50 happens
that l never saw my successors signature,
either at the time of my dismissal or later
whether officially or privately. excepting
a, the foot of decision unfavorable to me
relating to my pension.
IL required me- among other things, to
return the proportion Of my quarterly
salary (paid ON January 1st) for the
eleven days from the date Of my dismissal
March 2O-31).
My experience of German politics went
back forty years, and my successor was no
more familiar with the political situation
as result of the change Of Office than he
had been at the head Of the Tenth Army
Corps.
Even after my dismissal the greatest
care was taken not 10 enter into any sort
Of relations with me. apparently in order
to avoid arousing the suspicion that any
need was felt Of proitlng by my experience
and my knowledge Of men and things.
/ was strictly boycotted and kept under
quarantine, as the source Of the germs OF
the infectious disease from which we had
suffered politically when was Chancellor.
His military fashion Of understanding
Things. accentuated. in Office and previously,
by the psychological consequences of tan
taIizing youth, which in Guards officer
without means was not free from bitter
ness and privation, may he attributed, In
Caprivi. TO the feeling that to close his life
in the highest position in the State was an
act of compensatory justice on the part
Of fate.
My confidence in the character OF my
successor suffered q shock when / heard
that he had cut down the ancient trees In
front of the garden Of hls-formerly my
The New York herald., 1921-04-03

its dangers the modern policy Of the Ger
man Empire, with a free press and a par
liamentary Constitution, In the thick of
European difficulties, cannot be carried out,
as Il royal decree Is executed, by general
officers, even If the talents of the German
Emperor and King of Prussia concerned
were more than equal TO those of Fried
rich III.
In Herr Won Caprivis place I should not
have accepted the position of Imperial
Chancellor; n Prussan General of high
rank, who enjoys more than others the
confidence OF our corps of officers Is too
distinguished man to become Cabinet
Minister or adjutant In n sphere which Is
strange to him; and politics Is, after all,
not battlefield, but merely the expert
handling of the problem whether and when
war IS necessary, and how he can honor
ably guard against il.
can only regard Caprivis theory az
valid In situations when the existence Of
the monarchy and the Fatheriand ls at
stake: situations In connections with which
the idea of dictatorship has developed dur
Ing the course Of history; for example, |
regard the situation Of 1862 as one Of this
nature.
How strictly, might say with what
Subordlnation. Caprivi followed his cor
ders" IS shown by the fact that he asked
me no questions, made no inquiry Of me
concerning the condition of the state af
fairs which he WIS on the point Of taking
over nor concerning the aims and lnten
tions hitherto pursued by the Imperial
Government and the means Of. their nc
complishment
/ gathered from this that he had def
mite orders to refrain from discussing any
question with me- in order not to weaker
the impression that the Kaiser intended tC
rule by himself without n Chancellor.
1t has never been my experience that th'
transfer Of lease did not demand Ger
tain understanding between the outgoin.
The New York herald., 1921-04-03

residence These trees constituted an
adornment Of the official premises Of the
residence which 1t would take centuries 10
renew and which cannot be replaced
Kaiser Wilhelm L., who spent many
happy days Of his youth In the Chancel-
lors garden, would have no rest in his
grave If he knew that his former Officer of
the Guard had cut down his beloved old
trees. which had not their like in Berlin
or the neighborhood. In order to obtain
little more light This determination OF
trees IS not German. but n Slavish trait.
The Slavs and the Celts, both undoubt-
edly related races. and both akin to the
Germans. are no tree lovers, as every one
knows who has been to Poland and France.
Their towns and villages stand treeless
amid the fields like Nuremburg toy on
the table. / would pardon Herr Won Ca
priv many differences Of political opinion
rather than the ruthless destruction OF an
cient trees. In which he infringed the law
regarding state premises by deterioration
of the same
| had for long time had the feeling
that I was regarded by a considerable
proportion of my Prussan colleagues and
Of my subordnates In the Empire as an
incumbrance, an incubus whose pressure
would hinder their own increasing devel-
The New York herald., 1921-04-03

THE day before received my papers
of discharge In two blue envelopes
Won Lucanus, head of the Civil Cab
met, was sent by the Kaiser to my son to
induce him to sound me concerning the
granting of the title Of Duke and the pro.
posal of corresponding grant of money
by the Landtag.
My son, without reflection. declared that
both would be undesired and distressing to
me, and In the afternoon, after comforting
with me, he wrote to Lucanus that the
grant Of Il title would, after the way in
which ! was treated in his Majestys earli-
est youth, be distressing TO me, and grant
of money. in view Of the financial situation
and for personal reasons, would be unac-
ceptable" In spite Of this the title Of Duke
was conferred upon me.
The New York herald., 1921-04-03

Bismarck
intrigue Chancellor
The New York herald., 1921-04-03

Above-Bismarck after his disnis-
sal at his Friedrichsruh Castle with
his faithful dogs. At left-Gen. Ca
privi, the Iron Chancellor's successor,
and Gin paneD Bismarck's palace.
The New York herald., 1921-04-03
RCK QUITS BERLIN UNDER STING OF BOYCOTT

Kaiser Heaps Empty Honors on Deposed Chancellor, Who
as Mockery in His Hitherto Suppressed MemoirsAI
Successor and Finds Him Wanting
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
That Meeting at Harvard

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Replying to the letter by Mr.. c..
II. Holmes, who says that Harvard
men and the public generally are en-
titled to know just what Endorsement
of this [radical] movement by the
Harvard authorities is conveyed by the
words at Harvard University" may I
be permitted to state that the word
"at" covers the ground exactly. Had
the words "by Harvard" been used they
would have been erroneous and mis-
leading.
The Harvard Union, ana not the uni
versity, extended the courtesy of the
use of its "auditorium" to the Harvard
Student League, to enable 1t to invite
representatives from some forty-six
other colleges to unite in "a Conven-
tion of Liberal College Students" for
the formation of an "iptercollegiate
organization"
ARTHUR BURNHAM,
Harvard, 1870.
Brookline, Mass, April IA, 1921.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
Eleventh-Hour Action

The Allies waged together their
war against German aggression.
Finally, at the eleventh hour, we
came in. 1t then became our war.
The Allies carried on that war with
our financial and naval aid for fif-
teen months, and then during the last
four months Of the war we were
vital factor on the Western Front.
Is not the lesson of this long and
devastating war, which as great
human misfortune was made tenfold
worse by our waiting until the elev-
enth hour to enter struggle in
which we were vitally concerned
practically from the start, that hav-
ing at least finished the war together
we should enforce the peace to-
gether?
Else, no matter what quibble is
used to explain our position, does it
not amount to this: That we would
decline to do anything toward the
maintenance Of a peace for which so
much blood and treasure have been
expended until the eleventh hour
came again? This is not statesman
ship; it is politics and not of the best
sort. 1t is scarcely the kind of poll
tics that will win the elections of
1922 and 1924.
While it is yet time it behooves
Americans to speak out and make
impossible the defeat of President
Harding's policy to ratify and ad-
here to the substantive parts of the
Treaty Of Versailles.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
Saving the Younger Generation

1t is in contemplation of that cigar
Of the buggy driver that our trust
ing confidence in DR.. Eliot always
falters and fails. This eminent au-
thority on morals and manners talks
excellent sense upon civility and such
matters, and almost persuades us.
And then, each time, he elects to
stand or fall upon this question of
smoking while driving in the COM
pany Of what DR.. Eliot would call a
lady and what the younger genera
ton would call a girl.
Never in his youth, DR.. Eliot de-
claims, did gentleman ever dream
of smoking a cigar while thus out
driving or walking. And what do
we see now? Cigarettes! Chauffeur
and chauffeuse smoking in whatever
public places their errands take
them. Now, this is change, we con-
cede; but we cannot become stirred
to our depths by it. A buggy is one
thing and car another. A dis
tinction may likewise be drawn be-
tween cigar and a cigarette. At
any rate, we cannot feel that a gen.
GRAFTON will sink or swim according
as it thus does or does not smoke in
public company.
So we fear, as before, that the sal
walton of these wild young people
will have to come from their own
prophets. The elder race is too
prone to spoil its best eloquence by
talking in terms Of Concord wagons
to generation that knows only six
cylinder runabouts. Salvation this
new generation doubtless needs-like
every other. But it has it's virtues.
and they arc large ones, we are con-
vinced-candor, frankness, sincerity,
seriousness of purpose, for a few
items. We are inclined to think that
they will be able to handle this prob
lem of the public cigarette even with
out DR.. Eliot's assistance.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
The Coming of Higher Prices

The economic signs are that
prices are shortly to stabilize and
then to move gradually upward.
This, however, is to be understood
as applying merely to prices in gen.
eral. There are prices that are yet
to fall, and to fall appreciably. AS
to some other commodities, specula-
tive groups are apparently already
organizing to accelerate advances.
The Reserve system by it's control
of credit and of interest rates may
act as deterrent; the markets
at present, however, are little re-
sponsive to credit influences, and
there is little in present tendencies
that is explained by currency or
banking conditions. There is no
lack of money or Of credit with
which to buy, but solely the lack of
disposition to buy.
This indisposition to buy seems
the principal reason for whatever
falling off is now taking place in
the volume of credit currency--de-
posit credit--with the banks. Gus
toners not disposed to buy with
their deposits or finding prices lower
on such goods as they buy. are
drawing down their deposits by
checking against them to take up
their paper. If credit is contracting,
not primarily through the pressure
of the banks but rather by the pref
esence of the banking clientele,
considerable revival in purchasing
can take place with the existing VOL
ume of circulating medium and
without an increasing appeal to the
credit facilities of the banking sys-
tenn.
But new demands for credit will
set in with any considerable revival
of trade or advance in prices. This
expansion Of credit, if it is granted,
will promptly react to accelerate the
advance in prices. Every semi-spec-
ulative process tends to work Gu
mulatively, and it is perhaps too
much to hope that the Reserve banks
will early apply the brake to limit
whatever forward movement in
prices may set in. The advance
will probably be permitted to pro-
ceed up to point, at least, where
1t becomes disturbingly marked. A
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
Price-Fixing Rebuked

The Legislature has amended the
Donnelly antitrust law so as to
make its anti-monopoly provisions
apply to the sale of all commodities,
instead of to commodities only of
general use. This broadening of the
statute was necessitated by the
claim Of the photo-engravers' union
that it was within the law in dictat-
ing to employers the prices to be
charged for photo-engraving work.
Magazines, newspapers and publish
ing houses have complained of this
price-fixing, which was accomplished
not directly by the sellers of photo
engraving products, but by non-sell-
ers who happened to be working for
them.
The essence of antitrust and anti
monopoly legislation is that competi-
ton shall be unhampered and that
commodities shall be bought and sold
in free market. The photo
engravers' union sought, apparently,
to fix prices for the purpose of hold
ing up wages. But this procedure is
just as obnoxious as a combination
by manufacturers and dealers to
regulate prices in order to keep up
profits. The Lockwood investigation
opened the public's eyes to the extent
to which such practices have pre-
vailed in the building trades, and
also to the peril of allowing a
forcible narrowing or conering of
the market at the community's ex-
pense. Labor unions have right to
collective bargaining with employers
to maintain wages, but it is clearly
beyond their province to try to regu-
late the prices at which manufacture
ers must sell to the consumers.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
The Farm Tariff Bill

The emergency farm tariff bill
which the House of Representatives
has repassed was framed to meet an
emergency existing last fall. Its
purpose was to check importations
of agricultural products at time
when prices for such products were
declining more rapidly than the
prices for any other commodities.
Farm products prices are still nearer
the 1914 level than any other prices.
That this measure will have the
effect of stopping the decline of
values in the field Of agricultural
production is doubtful. The price of
cereals here, for example, is not
greatly affected by import duties.
Foodstuffs come in in large quanti-
ties only when our own surplus is
held off the domestic market. The
farmer, as well as any other produ-
cer, is entitled to protection against
dumping or scaling Of existing
tariff rates through valuations made
in deprecated foreign currencies. BY
the pending bill he receives that pro-
lection. He has been the worst suf-
ferer economically since the armis-
tice. The public will not begrudge
him the small measure Of relief
which he is likely to get through
higher tariffs.
Opponents Of the bill have assumed
that it is drawn chiefly for the bene-
fit of spectators who are holding
stocks of agricultural products pur-
chased before the decline. They have
also assumed that the full duty will
be added to the domestic price by
this legislation. But if there is a
large surplus in storage here that
surplus, added to the new crops, will
make the domestic market price,
duty or no duty.
If the relief bill had been more
than a gesture Of assistance to the
farmer it would have passed Con-
gress early in the last session. 1t
was held up in the Senate, where
there was always a safe majority
for it, because it seemed to be more
OF political than an economic palli-
ative. It's efficacy now is far from
clear. Congress will pass it not be-
cause Of very robust belief that it
will accomplish it's advertised pur-
pose, but because there is a general
sympathy with the farmer and be-
lief that in the readjustment process
he has had an exceptionally hard
deal.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
Teaching the Prisoner

The grave lack of educational facil-
tiles in the city's prison and reform
institutions is shown by the report
Of John S. Kennedy, president of the
State Prison Commission. During
the year 1920 $500 persons were held
under restraint in these institutions,
yet only S07 of them received in
struction. These were in the New
Hampton Farms Reformatory.
Such negligence is an offense
against sound penology. An offender
is not merely punished, but is ex-
pected to emerge a safer and better
citizen when his banishment from So
ciety is over. Especially is this true
OF the reformatories, whose main Job
IS to make over as much as is
humanity possible the persons COM
mitted to them.
In no other group is there greater
need or greater opportunity for edu-
cation. Enforcement of compulsory
attendance is easy. The time of the
inmates is at the disposal of the au
thoritles. Truancy is impossible.
OF course, the pliancy Of youthful
minds is absent, but so is the handi-
cap of earning living, which limits
the time and opportunity of the
grown or half-grown student on the
outside. Moreover, where time hangs
heavy as doom over the lives of the
idleness is as dangerous
in prison as out Of it--n1ore so, in
fact.
Instead of developing a new out
look on life. the whole theory of
penal institutions is still too much
toward making degradation more
complete. Nearly all Investigations
reveal conditions that are vile. In
'tead ot inculcating decent, clean. |
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18
Cuckoos and Cuckoos
American Species Doesn't Lay Eggs
in Other Birds Nests

To the Editor of The Tribune.
SIR: AS it comes back to me, it was
Archimedes who, meditating on scien-
tific problems during the sack Of Syra-
cuse (it was Syracuse, wasn't it7), came
to an untimely end at the hands of a
soldier whose motto was "Shoot first
and ask questions afterward."
am glad to nota, as reported in The
Tribune, that Officer Meade, who in
truded upon the ornithological obser-
vations of a scientist three or four
days back, acting upon information
lodged with him by worried neighbors
of wooded spot near Spuyten Duyvil,
who thought the actions Of an old man
odd and feared the worst-well, as I
cay, am glad that this exemplary po-
liceman inquired first and then didn't
shoot the man who has upset one axiom
of ornithological lore and may have
other upheavals up his sleeve-a very
Einstein among the birds
There is nothing amazing in the
fact, as mentioned, that it was a fe-
male cuckoo that laid an egg in the
robins nest under observation last
year; but that good. American cuckoo
whether coccyzus erythropthalmus
or the but slightly differing c. Ameri-
canus-should vary her habit and lay
eggs elsewhere than in her own nest
is amazing.
Cuculus canorus, tho European
cuckoo, does lay eggs in other birds
nests, and. lest this propensity be hast
lily laid to the depravity of foreign sur
roundings, it must be admitted that our
own cow-bird shirks family cares in the
same manner.
1t is indeed news that an American
cuckoo has been seen to act SO cuck-
ooish.
Can it be that the unrestricted i'm
migration of cuckoo clock cuckoos is
to be blamed for this reprehensible
lack of morals?
If SO Congress must act, and act at
oncel PARALLEL O'PIPEDON.
New Rochelle, N. Y, April Is, 1921.
New-York tribune., 1921-04-18

There can be no doubt of the gen.
der Of Beaunash, who writes in a
theater program:
ut is not evening clothes that are
not comfortable, but the unaccus-
toned wearers Of them. However,
even granting discomfort, what is the
difference in discomfort between the
tailed coat and the tailless jacket, ex-
cept few inches of skirt?"
Oh, worlds of difference, ladyl A
few inches of skirt, bifurcated skirt
at that, mean everything to the we'll
hammered male.
In the first place, it is the kirtle
that is the sartorial symbol Of wom-
ankind. When the cheval glass re-
veals man perfect in full evening
regalia, when he has the easeful mind
that goes with long experience of
swallow-tails, even then the posterior
drape seems slight check to his
pride--no, not pride; to his satisfac-
tion--no, not satisfaction; to his
sense of masculinity. DO you fol-
low?
The tails swing and flap and brush
the leg, and they must be whisked
apart before sitting down. These
are real discouragements. The most
unkempt little bird of the gutter is
more conscious of its tail than the
rest of it's plumage. The most flaw
lessly ceremonious gentleman, when
standing in evening clothes, is acutely
aware every second that there dam
giles from behind him caudal de-
vice that is in the nature of a total
superfuity. Most of our, men, on
whom the spirit of modernity has
such hold, make a great point of
the efficiency of their attire. Tho
tails. from a utilitarian standpoint,
are less than useless.
Properly apart from the discussion
is the full frock coat, which, while
not caudate, is skirtly; but it is a
classic robe, not apparel for every
man. 1t is enveloped with the ira
dition Of Demosthenes and Bryan.
The common-sense dinner coat