Evening star., 1921-12-10
New Alliance
Compared to
League.
SENATE LIKELY
TO VOTE FAVOR
Democrats Pledged
by Old Promise
on Article X.
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

ways.
After President Wilson endeav-
ored to build league of nations
it's covenant and the United States
Senate rejected it, another American
executive now has negotiated
treaty creating another league of
nations, of somewhat restricted scope
geographically. but embracing the
same objects and with an article II
which replaces the famous article X.
After the new treaty specifies that
the four nations shall respect each
others rights in the Pacific. which
means observing the territorial in
tegrity and administrative indepen-
dence Of China, the text Of the new
article II says:
by the aggressive action Of any other
power, the high contracting parties
5the United States, Japan, Great
Britain and France) shall communi-
cate with one another fully and
frankly in order to arrive at an un-
measures to be taken jointly or sep
arately. 10 meet the exigencies OF
the particular situation"
Compared With Article x.
Compare the foregoing with the
famous article x of the covenant of
the league in the Versailles treaty,
which reads as follows:
THE members of the league under
take to respect and preserve as
ofo
ritorial integrity and existing politi-
cal independence of all members Of
the league. In case of any such ag-
sression or in case Of any threat or
danger of such aggression the coun-
Gil shall advise upon the means by
which this obligation shall be full
filed"
The debate in the Senate which de-
feated the Versailles treaty brought
out from the republican side the OBJ
lection that article X conveyed a
moral obligation to preserve the
peace as between the nations signing
the treaty. The same obligation now
is imposed. moral i2 CHARACTER, upon
tain and France to see to it that the
aggressive action" of any other
power is met The obligation is con-
veyed in the requirement that the
powers communicate with each other
ling as to the most efficient measures
to be taken"
Shows Strides Of Administration.
This comparison reveals more sig
nificantly than anything else the
strides which have been made by the
Harding administration toward inter-
national cooperation even though the
80 10
ferent. Senator Borah and some Of
the irreconcilables may oppose article
II, but the democrats who favored
article X, together with the repub-
licans, under the leadership of Sen
ator Lodge, who now embraced article
II, without hesitation, will form a
strong enough coalition to put the
treaty through, though it would not
be surprising to see a reservation at
tached TO article II to the effect that
the United States assumes no obliga-
ton under that article to use military
or naval forces unless Congress shall
by joint resolution SO approve.
! But the situation is different today
from what it was when Mr.. Wilson
committed to the idea of article x,
SO they can hardly refuse to accept
the new article II. Similarly Mr..
Harding, is not unlikely to agree to
! such a reservation as he originally
voted for and Mr.. Lodge sponsored.
Rights Relate to China.
The rights in the Pacific which
might be disturbed are mainly the
rights of the principal powers with
respect to China John Hay, the dis
ltineuished Secretary of State of the
Mckinley administration. placed
America on record as guaranteeing the
territorial integrity and political in
dependence of China and placed the
other powers on record as willing to
| observe the principle Of equal COM
mercial opportunity in the far east.
| The principles written by John Hay
have been proposed again Dy Ennu
dsleeation @ and proclaimed anew.
| Secretary Hughes indeed read to the
pIenary session these principles before
Mr.. Lodge announced the text Of the
| treaty, so the connection might be
| apparent between the four principles
which contain the rights that might be
subject to dispute in the far east and
q possible aggressive action by any
power, The first of the principles read
as follows:
| "To respect the sovereignty, the in
i6ependence and the territorial and
| administrative integrity of China. "
| This language, together with the pro-
visions Of the treaty, especially article
x make 1t incumbent upon the United
| States as well as the other powers to
see to it that China is protected as
! Thus the treaty between the tour
/! r,<uorS xu,ilI Arnhracn the agreements