The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1921-01-06
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Inc WOri0 war was FORMALLY
January 10 when Germany and four
teen Of the powers allied against her
I'm the war exchanged notifications of
the Treaty of Versailles at Paris. Tie
United States. however, was not
among the nations participating in this
ceremony, as the treaty had not been
ratified by the senate.
The League of Nations came into
actual being at Paris January is wien
the executive council held its first
meeting with representatives from Bel
GUM. Brazil, England. Italy, France,
Japan, Greece and Spain participant
ing.
The Russian government made a
step toward securing peace with its
warning neighbOrs by concluding
treaties with Ukraine and Esthonia.
The Turkish peace terms were COM
pleted on March 3, and a week later
the Allies decided to use force to i'm
pose the terms upon Turkey. sending
troops to occupy COnstantinOple. The
allied forces occupied the Turkish
capital without opposition
Polish troops began a spring often
sive against the Russian BOlsheviki in
the Baltic region on March %. Warsaw
reported heavy fighting at many points
on the 40O-mile front. Three days lat
er Poland offered peace terms to Rus
STA. providing for restoration of the
kingdom of 1772, return of art and
other treasures, and an indemnity for
invasions since 1914. Polish troops ad-
ministered a severe defeat to the Boil
sheviki at POdolia April Is.
Differences of opinion among the
Allies regarding the enforcement of
the provisions of the peace treaty with
Germany threatened to cause some
difficulty, but these differences were
ironed out in a series of conferences
held at San Reno. Italy, in April
The Poles and Ukrainians negotiat-
ed q treaty on April %, recognizing
Ukrainian independence from Russia.
A combined army of Poles and Ukra:n-
ians then launched an offensive against
the Russian "Red" forces. capturing
Kiev on May and the great port of
Odessa on May IL.
BolShevik troops invaded Persia at
Astara May Is. forcing the withdrawal
OF British troops. BolShevik troops
on the Polish front were REINFORCED
and launched an attack on ninety
mile front. seeking to open communi-
cation with East Prussia. On June 3
they succeeded in f1anking and driving
hack General PilsudSki's Polish troops
On June the Poles annihilated the
BoIslevist Third and Twelfth divisions
and occupied Czarnica. but five days
later they were forced to evacuate
Kiev,. in the Ukraine, by a heavy cav
all no
trated thirty new divisions on that
front.
The supreme council continued its
efforts TO complete the peace settle
ments. The treaty With Hungary was
signed June 4 at Versailles, Ambassa-
dor Wallace signing for the United
States. Turkey was granted fifteen
days additional time to present its
views rega riding the treaty with that
country.
While these peace negotiations were
In progress. fighting continued at many
points over 300 italian prisoners were
killed by Albanians at Tirana on June
18 in retaliation for the assassination
OF Essad Pasha In Paris on June 13
Supported by British troops and bat
stieships at Malta and Constantinople,
the Greeks began a campaign to GUST
the Turkish Nationalist from parts of
Asia Minor.
On July the BOlshevik troops cap
tured RovonO. throwing the Poles into
retreat on the entire front. Poland
opened negotiations for an armistiee
and these continued for a week when
1T was reported that RusSia had or
.dered the postponement OF the nego-
tiatiohs and the capture Of Warsaw.
BOlshevist troops captured Lomza and
Brest-Litovsk. and began a drive on
Lemberg August 1. During the next
two weeks they continued to advance
and on August II were within twelve
! sInlies Of Warsaw. The Polish capital
seemed doomed. but on ths nth the
Poles launched great counter-of-
Fensixe and drove the Bolsheviki back
disorder. Eeartened By the crush
.E blow given the Russian forces.
re Poles rejected tie BolsEexlk peace
5 fbs meantime. On august IL tsie