The New York herald., 1921-01-23

been compiled with there is, of course.
a considerable number of trained naval
men in Germany who will be available
for duty in an emergency until they
have been replaced by the new genera
tions.
| Germany reduced her army to the
limits required by the Allies only after
the most earnest protests and under
threats of an advance by Marshal Foch.
Under the treaty the strength Of her
regular army was limited to seven d.
visions of infantry and three divisions
of cavalry, or total personnel of not
exceeding 100000. Later the Allies per-
mitted some modification of these
terms. but even then the reduction was
ostensibe rather than actual. and 1t Is
| impossible TO estimate the exact strength
Of the army because of the possibilities
of the more or less secret org2niza-
tions which are known to exist through
out Germany.
The so-called Orgesch, for example.
boasts OF a membership Of 1000. 900 and
there are believed to be other large or
ganlzations masking under the guise of
forest guards or police. 1t is certain.
however, that even though the Orgesch
has an affiliation of 100000, these
ganization and are woefully lacking in
arms and equipment.
Universal military service has been
abandoned In Germany and the German
General Staff abolished, as required by
the treaty.
Disarmament Provisions.
Generally speaking, the Germans have
| tod he Il 1tSot. ,At1t
visions Of the pact of Versailles. Forti-
fications along the Rhine have been or
are in the course of being dismantled +.
those along the Baltic have been COM
pletely done away with and though
numerous caches of rifles, machine
guns and ammunition have been discov-
cred, the amount is comparatively in
significant. On the whole, it would
have been better IL the Germans had
complied absolutely with the letter of
the disarmament provisions of the
treaty, for the amount of arms and
munitions they have succeeded in saw
ing undoubtedly is inadequate for any
practical resistance and its-possession
has served only to throw the Germans
open to charges Of bad faith.
Among the supplies OF cannon known
to have been retained by Germany are
500 guns at Fort Kustrin and $50 at
Koenigsburg. AS, the treaty provided
that the great munitions plants, such as
the Krupp works at Essen, might con-
tinue in operation only II they were de-
voted to the work Of peace. these plants
are now engaged in the manufacture Of
commercial products. From time to
time stories are printed in France,
Great Britain and the United States to
the effect that the Krupp plant or some
other institution of the kind Is again
turning out machine guns or cannon.
but these tales can usually be traced to
rumor or deliberate propaganda. With
Germany honeycombed with allied
agents and commissions. 1t is absurd to
imagine the manufacture of munitions
could be carried on surrepttiously at a
place so well known as the Krupp plant
Colonies and the North Sea.
In the matter of surrendering her coll
onies Germany was of course helpless.
Her delegates could protest, and did so
loundly and vehemently. and in the
Reichstag there were many bitter
speeches on the subject. but all to no
avail With regard to the territory
whose disposition depended upon a ple-
biscite they carried on an energetic prop
aganda. which in the case of upper ST.
lesia may possibly produce results.
The task of clearing the North Sea of
floating mines was allotted to Germany
by the treaty. and she was allowed to T =
tain portion of her naval and aerial
forces for carrying on this work AS it
was naturally to the interest of Great
Britain, France, Holland and the Scan
dinavian countries to get the North Sea
clear as soon as possible, those countries
aided Germany materially in the task.
With regard to Germany's fulfilment
-of the clauses of the treaty dealing more
directly with reparations there has been
much bitter controversy. France lds
consistently maintained that Germany
has wilfully evaded her obligations,
while Great Britain has been inclined 20
view the matter more literally. taking
the attitude that If Germany has not en-
tirely fulfilled her contract 1t is at least
partly because she is not able to do SO.
The first instalment of German In
demnity was fixed at the equivalent OF
20. 600, 900, 900 gold marks. to be paid
during 1919. 1920 and the first four
months of 1921. Out of this sum the
expense of the armies Of occupation was
to be met and such food and raw ma
terials as might be necessary for Ger
many to meet her obligations were to
be purchased from it. Germany main
tains that the total value of ships. roll
ing stock, livestock, coal and raw ma
terials turned. over to the Allies by her
already exceeds this sum, but by allied
bookkeeping Germany still has a con-
siderable payment to make before this
obligation is cancelled.
Shipping Clauses.
with regard to shipping Germany In
addition TO surrendering her navy and
certain OF her merchant ships agreed
to build and deliver to the Allies up to
1000 tons of shipping annually, ac-
cording to demand. Though the amount
actually delivered has been considerably
under this figure there has been no COM
plaint on the part of the Allies. and pre-
sumably their demands have been met.
BY the treaty Germany was required
to replace all livestock stolen or de-
stroyed In the devastated region, and
as an immediate instalment on this
debt she was ordered to deliver to
France 233,50O head OF horses, cattle
and sheep. and 137.40O head to Belgium.
This livestock has been delivered.
Under the Allies plan the greater
part of the Indemnity to be paid by
Germany was to be in the form OF coal.
Though the great coal mines of be
Saar Basin were ceded outright to
France, the treaty provided that Ger
many should deliver to Belgium S,000.-
600 tons Of coal annually for perioo
OF ten years. 100000 tons annually
to France for ten years and approxi-
mately 100000 tons annually to Italy