davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
The American Soldier Is Healthy,
Bright Eyed and Well Dressed

Some doughboys will tell you that they
have made six to seven hundred dollars in
exchange buying and selling in year, and
some Of them can show bank accounts to
prove It,
The American financier who makes his
pile on Wall Street and goes to the Riviera
and spends his vacation at Monte Carlo has
no advantage over the khaki financier on
the Rhine The Riviera weather couldn't
have been more perfect than the food Of
sunshine that bathed the Rhineland for the
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
.TGTrREc

TIGURES recently submitted to the
r. Royal Aeronautcal Society indicate
= that the present cost of airplane
transport is about Ss Sd per ton mile as
compared to 2kd. to 3D. per ton mile by rail-
The advantage of the arplane lies in its
speed a quality for which the public is
always willing to pay.
Lord Montagu OF Beaulieu. one OF the
foremost aeronautical experts of England,
recently stated that one of the chief draw
backs of commercial aviation is that at
present only short journeys are attempted,
such as that between London and Paris
where a saving Of only three or four hours
is possible. Air transports greatest oppor-
tunity, he believes will be in longer trips
such as London to Italy Egypt, and even
tualiy India.
The use of helicopters. heavier than air
machines, sustained in the air by propellers
revolving on a horizontal plane, will make
anchored observation balloons unnecessary I'm
the next war, according to Marquis Pateras
Pescara OF France. The Marquis Is the In
ventor of a machine utilizing helices. per-
mitting II to hover above fixed point an
mpossibilty for an alrplane.
The Titanis, flying boat destroyer. or
aerial cruiser, is being perfected in England
The new ship" will be used in long distance
patrols, having a range Of 1900 miles. The
motive power is to be two 1000 horsepower
Cub motors The plane will carry crew of
ten men, and in peace time could be devoted
TO carrying ffty passengers.
The greatest subject OF discussion too day
in aeronautical circles lis the coming duel
between airplanes carrying bombs Weighing
from one-haf to one ton and useless Ger
man batteships turned over to this country.
The Air Service officers contend that one
airplane can destroy with single bomb the
most modern. most thickly armored and
most expensive dreadnought ever turned
out.
That commercial wars Nv the air are com
ing is indicated by the fact that the sirplane
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
RHINE LEARN WAR AND GERMAN

inestimable value TO the army. I'VE never
could have accomplished such results in
discipline and training if we had not been
dealing with a large unit of men. The few
units which are found in post or a garrison
Go not permit the same for training.
Here there are all branches of the service
who can be taught the art of CO.
ordinately," one officer said. And in spite
of all the activities which the armies en-
courage for keeping the soldier contented.
the doughboy on the Rhine realizes that ne
is first of all soldier In few weeks there
will be spring maneuvres. during which
mimic warfare will be carried out on large
scale Troops will advance, supported by
artillery: airplanes will go over. signalling
ranges and information. 1t will be a demon
stration that the Yanks on the Rhine are
fit and are ready for anything.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

difficulty. Yesterday when officials of the
field allowed the mast to be inspected a
thirty-fve mile wind was blowing and the
R-33 rested as comfortably as an ocean liner
tied to her dock.
The crew mounted the tower by means of
a ladder in the centre and stepped from the
bridge into the ship itself by means of a
six foot rope ladder The motors were
warmed up and then, while they were idling
the ballast was slightly shifted so that the
tail dropped at a small angle. At signal
from the control car the latch on the moor
ing mast was sprung and the great ship.
curiously resembling against the blue sky
. big mackere rising slowly in water went
up gently and easily. Another signal from
the control car and the power was applied
and the ship gradually gained speed and alti-
tude. No steamship ever weighed anchor
and left her moorng dock gracefully and
as quickly.
Tying-to was almost as simple. The air
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

merely huge bags filled with gas. COM
mercial dirigible, built in England. would
now cost from 10000 to 100000. it is
stated and in addition to this a huge and
expensive hangar, or mooring station, would
be needed.
Although much criticism has been levelled
az this country for failure to maintain its
aeronautcal industry Great Britain has not
done much better, according to Gen. Sir w.
s. Brancker. who charged at a recent Eng
lsh meeting that his country now had fine
Civil Aviation Department but no civil
aviation.
Although the American Air Service is
small, II is well scattered about our possess
sions. as a recent report from the Philippines
indicated. There are in the islands two aero
squadrons. an aerial photo section and two
balloon companies. all in active operation
over the Pacific possessions.
Lieut.. c. c. Moseey, winner Of the Pulitzer
trophy in a 800 horsepower Packard-Ver-
willie airplane recently demonstrated his
versatility in the flying line by making a
successful test flight in the Messenger, one
OF the smallest. planes i'm the world. designed
by the engineering division OF the air SER
vice to take the place of motorcycle in
despatch carrying. The flight was from
Washington to Langley Field Va. dis
tance of 13S miles The plane has a wins
span Of twenty feet.
Through the operation in 1920 OF few
airpanes in the forest fire patrol service
there was saved from destruction s35, 900 900
worth OF standing timber, according to the
f..- nntt
and 1000 fires were spotted by aerial OBJ.
servers.
Some OF the greatest post war improve
ments In guides for night flying are In use
at the aviation port of Waddon. England. In
addition to an aerial lighthouse and great
lights casting great vertical beams making
II as certain to direct an airplane as 1t In TO
direct train over steel rails. there Is an
elaborate system Of landing lights indicat-
ing the direction Of tho landing and ad-
Unstable according to the direction Of the
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
,tes of Advances in Aviation the World O

wind Every pilot has his own light arrange
ment and will land when his colors are
flashed out. In case two or more pilots ap
proach landing, TO avoid a crash no pilot
will land until he gets a signal
A new adaptation Of the parachute has
been experimental upon by the Army Air
Service. This consists of carrying the para
chute in the rear of the fuselage with GER
tain special equipment When accident
makes It necessary for the pilot to leave
his plane in midair he simply pulls lever,
disconnecting himself and a section of the
rear of the fuselage from the rest Of the
plane
Airpanes OF the Canadian Air Force dur
ing 1920 made 39s flights of a total mileage
Of 33.6l2 without a single death or serious
injury 70 the iers Flying operations die
not begin until late in August but among
the exploits carried out was aerial trip
from Halifax TO Vancouver.
To Canadians goes the distinction of pro-
posing one of the most novel uses ever con-
ceIved for an airplane. Winnipeg men are
reported to be organizing an aerial irrigation
company. The aim Is 10 cause rain by
spraying liquid air in the clouds from an
arplane. thus causing the moisture to con-
dense. Recently dust was thrown from an
airplane on the clouds 5000 feet high in an
unsuccessful attempt to cause rain in Pre-
toria
Edu Chaves, Brazilian aviator, recently
flew from Rio Janero, Brazil, to Buenos
Aires Argentina, in less than five days.
Flying a Curtiss Oriole with K-6 motor, the
pilot covered the 1,735 miles on his route in
twenty hours and twenty minutes. Several
previous aerial efforts to link the two capi
tails had failed.
Plans are being made TO have all students
in the Reserve Officers Training Corps who
have signified their preference for the Air
Service meet ut a summer camp to be held
at Post Field. Fort Sil. Okla A six weeks
course in training for observers will be
given at the end Of which successful can
didates will receive commissions and proceed
10 another hcld for training as pilots
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Mooring Mast Latest Thing for Airships
One May Be Built Here
to Receive r -38
w hen She Makes
Her Trial Trip

ship coming into the wind, got her position
about the tower and then gradually sank
until a crewman in the nose dropped a small
cable which was caught by man on the
tower. winch drew the nose down, the
lock sprung and the ship was made fast
for the crew to step out.
Pipes run up the tower, through which
fuel and gas and water for ballast are
pumped While moored the airship is bal
lasted to ride on an even keel and the
watch" is kept constantly to do any trim
ming" of ballast made necessary by changes
in weather conditions. Ordinary repairs are
made while the ship is moored to the tower
and recently. when it became necessary to
rebuild the nose Of the R-33, Engineer Sell
lers did the work at night under the glare
OF a searchlight, merely to prove that il
could be done without going to the trouble
of bringing the ship into the hangar.
This tower now in operation is a very
crude affair, according to Major Scott, who
was commander of the R-34 on its transat
antic flight He has already drawn up plans
for a more efficient mast under the same
principle. The new mast will have lift to
carry the men and officers of the crew to the
top of the tower, and enclosed compan-
ionway will enable them to pass from the
tower of the airship without danger in
convenience. In this manner civilian pas
sengers could be taken aboard and debarked
without risk.
Long Step in Development
OF Commercial Aviation
The moorne mast points the way to big
future in commercial airship flying. A
tower could be erected on the top of a large
building in the heart of London, Major Scott
says and the airship could moor there to
take on passengers mail and. in the coming
days of development, freight. An airship
such as the R-3S. the ship America is buy
ing will be, when completed will be able to
cross the Atlantic within forty-eight hours
and, with an outlay Of less money than il
takes to erect hangar tie to over Fifth
and Broadway and remain there safely until
the next sailing date. The mast means a
great saving in personnel expense and in
running costs of bases. The ship can tie to
in almost any reasonable wind and by day or
night Major Scott thinks the future mast
should be about 16O feet high. with the re-
ceiving gear at the top considerably larger
and more simpified
America should have a moorng' mast TO
receive the R-3S when she arrives, Major
Scott thinks. He says any great airship
should ride in her appointed element, the
air. just as a great liner must keep to the
water. With such towers erected at points
all over the United States, the R-3S will be
able to tour from cost to coast and the ex-
pense involved will be comparatively trivial
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Fluctuations of Exchange
Make Marks a Good Gamble

Then he unpacks bundle of notes which
i, yeritably what is known in good "Ameri-
can" as a Michigan roll, and he figures out
what his days operations will be. Just fig
ure out for yourself how far the doughboy
financier can make good in his exchange OPP
erations A bucks pay on the Rhine is now
s3s month. This means he draws about
s160 marks a month, not including his In
surance If he is a corporal he gets Sb2
month and has 3,12O marks, and If he is
the lowest grade Of a sergeant he draws
around 5000 marks a month. Now suppose
the corporal with his $50 buys marks at SO.
He gets 3,120 marks The next day the
mark drops to 81. and he sells them for
3172 marks, and he has made a dollar. This
operation he repeats maybe every day and
maybe not so often. But almost any dough-
boy will tell you that he adds big percent
age to his pay every month by what he
makes in buying and selling marks.
The inhabitants OF Coblenz are not at all
displeased at his high financiering, either.
strange as it may seem. For soon as 1t
became known that the Yank was watching
the exchange ana puylng ana seHlls His' hS'
scores of mushroom banks sprang up over
Coblenz Any one who had little capital
hung shingle over his door, and his place
became a bank. For time the khaki spec
ulators Jared badly, for often they went
wrong on the quotations in the German
papers.
But now the army itself puts out each
day the closing quotations on exchange in
Berlin.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

After the doughboy looks through the
paper to see if President Harding has said
anything about Withdrawing the American
army from the Rhine and glances through
the sport page, he settles down to studying
the days quotations on exchange and the
variations from yesterday.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
This Simple Aerial
Quay Answers for
Docking Purposes,
Like a Steamship S,

Special Correspondence TO THE NEW YORK
HERALD.
LONDON April l.
n TOTHING in aviation has ever crashed
harder than the airship business in
= Great Britain, but still there is in
England a small group Of experts whose
enthusiasm in this branch of flying tran
scends all Government encouragement.
Their latest achievement is the development
of the mooring mast simple aerial quay
that suggests fantastic possibilities for conf
mercial navigation by airship.
Experiments with this mast are being
ton that will survive the next few weeks
Of disintegration of the airship service. Pull
ham is already beginning to show the dis
tress of desoation and disinterest. The per-
sonnel is down TO the minimum, and expert
mental work is being handicapped by lack of
equipment The Government has only few
inferior airships left. and 1t is trying to give
those away to any commercial concern that
will undertake to operate them. but no COM
pany has accepted the offer because the
Government offers no financial help.
The reason given for the decay Of this
service is the shortage of money. Govern
ment heads say there is no room in the new
budget for such an item. But another reason
is that the War Ministry feels that the
airship has lost its utility as a war machine.
And money is too tight to develop it com.
mercially. So all Of England's famous air
ship stations except Pulham are to be
washed out" The feet Of airships is down
to less than half dozen. Of which the R-33,
R-36 and R-sO are the best, and in addition
there are two or three surrendered zeppeins
but the work on these is desultory and not
very promising.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Not Daunted by Neglect
English Air Mem Garry On"

Yet the experts who built up the service
to an efficiency that made possible the first
Atlantic flight and which inspired the Amer
lean Government to contract with England
FOR one of its best type. so that America
might learn how it is done, are still carrying
on with their old spirit and to the best OF
their ability under the handicaps. Their
mooring mast is a great step forward, be-
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

Special Correspondence to THE New YORK
HERALD.
Copyright, 1921 by THE New YORK HERALD:
CoBLENz. March 25.
TF Wall street wants lesson in high II
nance it had better pack up and move
to the Rhine. About 10000 American
doughboys who are watching this bridge
head for Uncle Sam probably know as much
about the gentle art of plunging, covering,
selling short, marginal profits, watching
market developments and forecasting mar
ket trends from the news and all other tech
nicalities of high financiering as any bear
or bull in New York knows about the same
nractice as it relates to Big Nipper, Hill, In
dustrials or Motors.
However the khaki finahciers on the
Rhine are mostly bullish, and they operate
in exchange. From lowliest buck to highest
ranker, every one can tell you to fractioh
inst what the fiuctuation has been from day
to day And Just as the last pages of New
York newspapers are devoted to quotations
of the Stock Exchange and the Curb. so
does the Amdroc Ne1os, the official army
paper Of the American forces in Germany,
publish exchange quotations. In big type IN
the corner OF the back page every day you'n
see something like this:
MARKS LOCALLY
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

That commercial wars w the air are com
ing IL indicated by the fact that the sirplane
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

Although airplanes can now be constructed
FOR little more than high priced automobile,
are much more costly. despite the
fact they are regarded in ground circles as
The Raymer enterprise., 1921-10-06
LENIH NOT RUSSIAN CHIEF
6olshevik Exponent 10 Premier, Michael
kaIInin Being President Of Central
Executive Committee.

Most Americans believe that Nlkolai
Lenin is president Of Russia, whereas
he holds IN Office which corresponds
to that Of the British premier. Michael
Kalinin, a peasant, for more than two
years has been president Of the Ali.
Russian Central Executive committee.
His position is only about as politically
powerful as that Of the French presi.
dent. and, whereas the French execu-
tye's position Is mostly social. the
Russian president is mediator. cham.
pion and political adviser Of the
peasant masses Of Russia.
Knlinin's Office In Moscow Is not
In the kremlin, but in an ordinary
office building In the heart Of the
city. 1t il the one place in Russia
where no papers are demanded
when one enters and no guards. stand
about the doors.
The Raymer enterprise., 1921-10-06
lmpor,ans to aasshess
CLEARLY NOT UP TO DATE
Profiteer Saw at Once What Was
Lacking in Dictionary That
Agent Was Offering.

Archer Milton Huntington. the fam
Gus author and collector. said at q
dinner to Baychester:
"When war protiteer begins to
collect, the spectacle is amusing
"A New York prohteer was visit
ed by n book agent who tried to
sell him a very elaborate dlction-
ary for his library.
"'This dictionary said the book
agent. 'lins all the latest modern i'm.
prcyements. sir. 1t includes the new
est technical and scientific terms, and
there isn't feature lacking that goes
to make first-class work of the kind.
Lets have look at her. grun-
ted the profiteer.
He examined the dictionary q
moment, then he handed II back.
"'Young feller,' he said. you can't
work that book of on me-
"What's the matter with the book =
said the agent.
"'She amt got no copious index.
said the protfeer."
The Raymer enterprise., 1921-10-06
DENVER LIVE STOCK.
Cattle,

General conditions OF the cattle mar
ket remained unchanged. but quota
tions for the most part were steady to
strong.
Beef stock. in the steer department.
Is quoted at Si25 to st.75. with good
to medium grades at IS to $3.50 and
choice stuff at IS. Fat she stock was
In fair demand at 1880 to 81 with
choice grades selling at $3.50.
Feeders and stockars again were the
feature OF the market. with the ma
jority of sales transacted in those de-
partments. Steers are quoted at $3.50
to $5.75. with less desirable kinds go-
Ing at si75 to S5.25 and some as low
as S4.25.
Demand was exceptionally strong,
and statesmen found everything their
own way In the dealings. Buyers did
not balk at the advanced quotations.
but eagerly plunged into the offering,
determined to get their share Of the
stock while the supply lasted. The adj
vance Of rs cents was felt in all de-
partments. but there were some deal
ers who contended that the heavy hogs
were holding steady. o.
The eastern points continue to de-
cline. putting them considerably lower
than Denver. Chicago reported q 15c
to 25c drop. with top sales as low a.
1915; Kansas City was down a dime.
and Omaha and st. Joe reported slumps
Of lsc to Csc.
Small killers made the top buy OF the
day. taking part Of load at -.
Bulk Of sales were made between }S.7s
and 1915. and three loads OF pretty
good light stock sold for $s.75.
sheep. ~
Killers were In the yards early look-
ing for butcher stock. and though the
offering included nothing exceptionally
choice. the grade Of stock generally
was good.
One OF the sales was that Of five cars
OF 72-lb lambs from Yampa. Colo.
which sold for SITS. Other fat stock
sold from 81 up and II was the opinion
Of traders that strictly choice lamhs
would have sold for IS.
The highest price paid here In some
time for feeders was recorded In the
sale of a string Of choice stock at -.
Other values ran from S6 to Ss.25. with
less desirable stuff At s. to S5.75. t
The eve section Of the market re-
mained rather quiet. with quotations
about steady. Fat ewes would have
sold for ss.2s to ss.75 and feeders st
- to 32.7S.
The Raymer enterprise., 1921-10-06
Crown Prince Visits Father.

Doom, Holland. - Former Crown
Prince Frederick william OF Germany
visited his father ut Doom castle for
the first time since the death Of his
mother, Augusta Victoria. He was met
at the gates by the children Of his
brother, Prince Adalbert. They fhen
drove with him to the terrace Of the
castle where the one-time emperor was
impatiently awaiting him. The rela
tons between Frederick william and
his father. which recently have been
somewhat strained, are believed to be
improved.
The Raymer enterprise., 1921-10-06
AMENDMENTS CAN NOW BE
MADE on THREE.FoURTAs
VOTE IN LEAGUE.
ARTICLE Is AMENDED
LORD CECIL SCORES AMeAssA.
DORIS FOR DELAY IN BAL.
KAN DECISION.
w..<u s-..e.s.r usl.. x.., s.-,.., ,

Geneva. - The assembly Of the
League of Nations made amendment
Of the covenant easier by adopting un-
der the old unanimity rule a change In
Article 26. requiring unanimity f,r
amendments, and Immediately begun
consideration Of the proposed altera-
tions In the covenant under the new
rule Article 20 now reads:
Amendments 10 the present cove
nant, the text of which shall have
have been voted by the assembly on Il
three-fourths majority In which there
shall be included the votes Of all the
members OF the council represented ut
the meeting, will take effect when rat
flied by the members of the league
whose representatives composed the
council when the vote was taken and
by majority Of those whose repre-
scntatlves formed the assembly"
The first amendment. debated under
the new rule was modification of Ar
ticle 10, proposed by the Greek dele
cation, providing that no state shall
proceed to blockade n country breaking
the covenant before the date fixed by
the council. The smaller states, In
Guiding Holland and Poland, opposed
any action In fixing the blockade reg
ulations. They pointed out that coun.
tries moved either by interest or AMI
mostly might anticipate the action Of
the council and blockade on their own
account before the question had been
sufficiently studied.
N. X. DeMarees vanSwlnderen Of
The Netherlands raised parliament
ary question entirely new to the as
sembly by moving suspension Of all
action on Article 10 until the next as
sembly. Lord Robert Cecil said some
thing must remain in full vigor and
that the effect of the motion would be
to tear up Article l6, leaving the
league without any economic arm
whatever.
The Albanian-G -Greco-Jugo Slav prob
lem broke out again Unexpectedly, but
finally was disposed Of so far as this
assembly Is concerned by the declara.
ton OF the Albanian delegation, that
It would accept the decision OF the
ambassadors council.
Lord Robert Cecil took occasion to
score the ambassadors for their de-
lay, saying: I'VE have heard that the
ambassadors are about to give their
decision. hope and trust II is so, be-
cause, II l may venture very respect
fully to say so to such an august body.
delays in such matter are criminal
to the peace Of the world"
The Raymer enterprise., 1921-10-06
Husband Guilty Of w,fs's Ae.,

Lansing, Mich.-The Michigan Su-
prcme Court laid down the rule that q
husband Is master In his own home
and Ii guilty Of law violation II his
wife, with his knowledge, transacts H.
legal business In the home. The deci-
sion was given In affirming lower
court verdict convicting John SydIsloo
Of violating the prohibition law. Tes-
umony was introduced at the trial to
show his wife purchased still. In
stalled 1t In the basement Of the homo
and sold the liquor.