Arizona republican., 1921-03-11
ne leaning shoots. fields of hold-over

the leaning shoots. fields of hold-over cotton often develop rank growth or weeds. Picking becomes more diff cult in weedy fields, and many of thel early bolls, borne near the ground, may be overlooked or they may be lost by rotung or mildew in periods of damp weather. Johnson grass and other weed seeds are more likely to be picked with hold-over cotton"
 The usually inferior condition Of most of the hold over cotton in the past no doubt is responsible for the general opinion of low value, that may make it difficult to get full value even for cotton of good quality if known to have been raised from over wintered fields. Some of the fields that have favorable conditions and are handled and picked carefully may pro- duce good crops of normal fiber, much depending, of course, on the season. The same need of careful and un- prejudiced chasing should be recog- nized as with cotton from first sea son fields.
 With labor available to pick the early bolls promptly there may even be an advantage to hold over cotton if prices are better at the begining of the harvest season, as often occurs. The first few bales may be taken at fancy quotations to open the market, but cases of special good fortune eral policy of holding cotton over, when farmers are in a position to give normal care to the crop.
 "On account of the rather cold win ter two forms of sprouting growth are to be expected this year in the Salt River valley. Some plants will show early sprouts from the buds in the ile. Of fta : 1,r base of the stalks lives over, while other plants, perhaps in much larger numbers this year, will send up root sprouts, but much later than the sprouts from the base of the stalk. Once emerged from the ground, the root sprouts may grow rapidly, though not overtaking the others, nor matur- ing their bolls so early in the season.
 Tt is one of the peculiarities of the cotton plant to put forth subterranean shoots from the sides of the tap root in case the stalk is killed below the level of the seed leaves or cotyledons The position of the cotyledons can be determined usually by two small pits ST scare on opposite sides of the base of the stalk. all of the later leaves be- ing alternate, instead of opposite. On account of the formation of subterra- mean shoots in Egyptian cotton in the Yuma valley was published in 1911 in a bulletin on Arrangement of Parts in the Cotton Plant"
 Owing to the rather cold weather in December, 1920, less cotton may have survived this year in the Salt River valley than last spring and some of the proposed volunteering" may fail for this reason. The stands se- cured in 1920 were poor and probably will be- still more scattering in most of the hold over fields. Nevertheless, the early indications may prove some what misleading because of the abil- ity of the roots to survive and send up
 shoots. even though the stalks are killed to below the surface. The root sprouts or subterranean shoots differ from those that come from the axils of the cotyledons in requiring much more time to form, and may be sever al weeks later in emerging from the soil
 "One precaution may be noted for the early spring. to avoid watering the fields before the shoots have started. The indication of past experier1ce is the more plants survive and send un shoots in dry, open soil, in contrast with heavy or wet land where more of the roots die, if not all Even the cutting of the stalks too soon in the fall or winter, seems to reduce the chance of survival perhaps through Increased exposure of the wood to in festation by fungi while the tissues are dormant and less able to resist
 More roots survive when the stalks are cut with sharp hoes or with mow- ing machines than when stalk cutters are used, which breaks or bruises the 1 bark at the surface of the ground Root rot areas are likely to be en
 larged by the death of many plants thai
 were weakened last year by losins
 their deeper roots, but lived to tho
 end of the season. Outside of root ro
 districts a brown discoloration ad-
 vances gradually from above and kill: some of the roots. This may be due tC | other species of fungi which thrive il l cool weather.
 | 'No special methods are known t,
 have been developed for cultivating O. irrigating second year cotton, excep that more water is required to suppor
 more rapid growth of the plants il
 June and July when the days are lon:
 and periods of very high tempera
 lures are encountered The need 0
 water has to be determined by ob
 serving the behavior of the plants, t
 avoid forcing or checking their growth
 In the early stages before the sprout
 start, or while they are still smal
 very little water is needed, and the
 ground Is warmer if not irrigated As with first year cotton, better re
 suits are obtained if the plants do no become too rank, but during the fruit ing season an adequate and regula supply of water must be maintained t secure a full crop and avoid injury t ! the fiber.'
 Since the foundation or the Phila delphia College of Pharmacy an Science February 2S, 1921. more tha 10000 students have matriculated.