davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
EARTH RUDE OF SOLAR SYSTEM

Doctor Shapley is comparatively
young astronomer, yet he has won an
authoritative place in the science. He
is a graduate of the Missouri State
University and of Princeton. He was
identified with the Mount Wilson OBJ
servatOry seven years.
By triangulation, taking the distance
between sun and earth as a base for
measurements. scientists have record
ed vast distances, until such lines have
been extended hundreds of light years,
even to the border line of measure
ment, the Pleiades.
The same Pleiades are scarcely in
the front yard Of Doctor Shapley's
galaxy. which he has measured and
found to be about 100000 light years
from end to end. 1t is a super-Milky
Way.
A light year, the distance a beam
of light will travel in one year, is
5000. GOO, 100000 miles. 1t takes but
eight minutes for light to come to the
earth from the sun, 93,OOO,OO0 miles
away.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Three NorWegians Plan Interest
ing Trip That Will Take About
Year and a Half.
ALL ARE TRAINED SEAMEA
Boat Will Have No Covering Except
Canvas Awning to Spread over
the Bunks When 1t Rains
Boat to Be Sloop Rugged.

New YOrk.-Norwegians are no long
er the leading sea rovers they once
were, but their adventurous spirit is
not yet eXtinguished. There is a
round tower at Newport, built of rude
stones, lasting monument TO some
forgotten visitors to these shores. Who
Dullt II no one can tell, but surely not
aboriginal Americans for it embodies
principles of architecture unknown to
them. Anthropologists believe it was
built by the NOrsemen, who, there is
evidence to show, found America long
before Columbus, as early as the
Tenth century. Indeed there is
Morse tradition to that effect.
Adventurous Norwegians.
These considerations are revived
by the fact that three young Norwe-
grans now In this city are planning
TO cross the Atlantic ocean in an open
boat and eventually to circumnavi-
gate the globe. They are Capt. Miner
and Hedge Westerling Tonning was
at work on the Panama canal in 1915,
but going home was impressed into the
Norwegian navy. Peterson was petty
officer on another ship in the same
service. Westerling has also seen
much sea service. They are prac-
dcally stranded here now, and are
laid up at the club of the Norwegian
Master and Mates association, No. 565
Henry street, Brooklyn, where are
porter was told their plans. Ton
ming acted as spokesman while the
other two listened and gave assent.
Their plans are nearly complete.
They have secured 20-foot life
boat, built by the Atlantic Life Boat
company of South BrOoklyy. 1t is a
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Two Princes
Claim Chateau

and interesting OF all the famous feu.
DIAL establishments of ancient Franco.
1t was once one Of the most magnifi-
cent of these great estates and lies
in the valley of the Loire close TO ibS.
town of Blols and has about 1900
acres, part of which is inclosed by
walls extending for 20 miles. Tire
building is about 200 feet square with
famous circular towers at the corners
and double spiral staircase leading
to the double lantern, which dominates
the center tower
1t was built about 1926 and for two
centuries was royal residence. Louis
Nv gave it to Marshal SAKE and Ma
poleOn presented it to Marshal Ber-
thier. Eventually 1t fell into. the pos
session of the duke OF Parma.
A, the beginning of the war II was
owned by Prince Elias Of Bourbon
Parma and was sequestrated because
he was serving in the Austrian army
as an attache of the Austrian general
staff. Prince Elias is a brother OF
Zita, wife of the former Emperor
Charles of Austria. who lately AZ
tempted to regain his throne as king
of Hungary.
After the war Prince Elias at
tempted TO recover possession of the
estate, but the French courts have lust
diSallowed his claim. This. however.
does not settle the question of its
ownership. for Prince SiXtus. also of
Bourbon-Parma. brother of Prince
Elias, has put in n claim to the own
ership Of the chateau.
Princes Services Refused
Prince Sixtus does not suffer the
disability of Prince Elias, as Sixtus
and his brother. Xavier. both offered
their services to the French govern
ment in the war and being refused on
the ground that descendants of the old
royal houses could not he permitted
to fight for France, they both enlisted
in the Belgian army. where they
served as s,retcherbearers. Their brav-
cry in this service was afterward rec
ogniZed in a French citation.
Americans will identify Prince Six
tus as the man who received, while the
war was still in progress. the famous
letter from Emperor Charles of Aus
tria in which he stated that he .ym-
pathized with Frances aspirations to
recover Alsace-Lorraine and that in
his opinion Belgium should he restored
by Germany.
Prince Sixtus turned the lettersoyer
to President POincaire and its pfbli-
cation by Premier Clemenceau created
CONSERVATION in Germany. Emperor
Charles denied its authenticity.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

cutting end of the saw, and they ransa
from about One-third of an inch TO one
inch in diameter. In novelty works
buttons an inch and half or larger
are made.
Before going to the finishing ma
chimes the blanks are usually passed
through four intermediate processes.
First they are passed through blank
classifier, where. by falling between
rollers they are separated into differ
ent lots according to thickness. Next
they are placed in tumblers, consisting
of heavy and slowly revolving barrels
of iron or wood, in which they are
churned with water and pumice stone
TO clean them and remove any possible
rough edges. The blanks are then
ready for the grinder, a machine fit
ted with an emery wheel which grinds
away the horny backs and reduces the
blanks to a uniform thickness. Final
ly the blanks are again soaked i'm Wa
ter to be sOftened for the finishing ma
chine. They are then ready for the
essential processes of button making,
which are accomplished by an auto
matte machine of comparatively recent
invention and Of very ingenious design.
The blanks are fed by hand into de-
pressions in the tops of vertical chucks,
which are arranged in series constitut-
ing an endless chain. As the chucks
in the endless chain pass around the
circumference of the machine each
blank is automatically operated upon
by various tools, ard each tool is au-
tomatically sharpened and prepared for
the succeeding blank. The processes
accomplished in the machine consist
in rounding the edges and carving out
the center in the desired pattern. At
ter the first hole the drill rises. the
or half of one revolution (according TO
whether it is to be a four-hOle or two
hole-buttOn), when the drill again de-
scends to make new hole. After the
last hole is drilled the chuck opens
automatically 10 release the button.
which is sucked into a tube connected
with the blower system to be dropped
into a bucket through a counting tube.
From the cutting machine the but
tons are taken to the churns, where
they are tumbled, or churned, with wa
ter and pumice stone to clean them.
take off the rough edges, and make
them ready for receiving the final pol
ish. The polishing is also tumbling
process. in which, however. sulphuric
acid is used in conjunction with steam.
After the buttons are dried in shak-
ers with sawdust, they are placed with
dry sawdust and washing powder in
a combined tumbler and shaker. This
process removes any trace of llmy de-
post and gives the final luster. Final
ly the buttons are conveyed in buck.
cts or boxes to the sorting room where
they are sorted according to qualities
and grades and sewed to suitable cards
Tor packing in boxes, ready to be sold
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
To Sail Globe
in a LifebOat

gift from the company, and while it
does not differ from the ordinary life
boat built for ship use, certain changes
have been made to adapt it for the
specific purposes for which it will be
used.
Will Be Sloop Rugged.
1t will be slOOp rugged, having a
26-fOOt mainmast and a 12-foot top
mast. three feet of which will be
above the hounds, thus affording
32-foOt sail hoist. Two sets of sails
will be carried. one of light canvas
for light and moderate weather, and
one of heavy canvas for stormy wealth
er. However, they hope TO escape
stormy weather. except an occasional
squall. by sailing in summer time.
The boat will have no covering except
a canvas awning to spread over the
hunks when ii rains. Cooking will be
done on an oil stove. They will start
with a stock for Il weeks provisions
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

ard State Funds.
and federal sources for road and
bridge expenditure are: Alabama. So.
100000; Arizona, $S,OOO.OO0; Arkan-
sas, S12OO0,OOO; California, $4,000
900; Colorado. S7,OOO,OOO; Connecticut
SS,0O0,OOO; Delaware, $3,500,OO0: Flor.
ida, $7,725,OOO; Georgia, $1O.OOO,OOO;
Idaho. $4,5OO000; Illinois, $20,OOO,OOO;
Indiana, $9,5O0.000; Iowa, $37,OO0,-
900; Kansas, S20.OOO,OOO; Kentucky,
SS,0O0,000; Louisiana, SG,OOO,OO0;
Maine, $7,5O0,OOO; Maryland, $780,
900; Massachusetts, SS,000,0O0; Mich.
gan, $20.OOOOO0; Minnesota. $20,O00-
600; Mississippi, S1l,000,OO0; Mis-
souri,, S15,000,OO0; Montana, $780,
600; Nebraska, $6,OO0,OOO; Nevada.
$3.J00.OO0; New Hampshire. $780,
600; New Jersey, $1GOOO,OOO; New.
Mexico, S4.OO0OOO; New York, $i5.-
600; North Dakota, S7.OOO.O00;
Ohio. S35.000O0; Oklahoma, $780,.
900; Oregon, S1O,OOOOO0; Pernsyl-
vania, $30,0OO,OO0; Rhode Island. ST.
100000; South Carolina, $6,0Oc.OO0;
South Dakota. $7,O00,U00; Tennessee,
s10,275, 900; Texas, S600o0,OO0; Utah.
S6,OO0,O00; Vermont, $2.000,000; Vir-
ginia, $1O,OOO.OO0; Washington, Sl4,-
100000; West Virginia, $S.0Q0,0o0;
Wisconsin, S19,5OO,OOO; Wyoming, So
100000.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
DIRT HIGHWAYS ARE EASIEST
Unpaved Country Roads Cause Least
Wear on Tires, While Stag Is
Most Destructive.

The much maligned dirt road finds
q champion in Denver tire manufac-
turer, who asserts that exhaustive
tests show that the unpaved country
road causes the least tire wear. But
the road must be in good condition,
with no ruts to wear against the side
walls of the tire. When properly
dragged, the unpaved country road is
found to generate less heat in the tire
than any other type of road.
Stag roads were found to be most
destructive to tires, the sharp points
soon pitting the tread with my holes.
With the test cars wheels a fraction.
of an inch out of alignment, the tires
looked as N their tread had been sand
papered after only a few hours travel.
Asphalt pavement was found to de-
velop much heat, but little external
wear. Macadam roads in good condi-
ton were found to be better than stag.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
$4,000 FOR "P0T OF GOLD"
"Spirits" Wouldn't Work, However,
So Aged ST. Louis Swindler
Goes to Prison.

Chester, Ill.-Joseph Pellinski. six
ty-one years old, of st. Louis, started
an indeterminate sentence of from one
TO ten years in the southern Illinois
penitentiary here, following his convic-
ton at Alton of swindling Weert Bau-
er, retired farmer, out of $4,000 I'M
der the pretense he was aiding B.uer
to locate pot of gold" valued at
$4,000 buried on Bauer's farm.
The gold, IL was claimed. was 70 be
located through spiritualistic seances
conducted by the defendants wife. 1t
was supposed to have been hidden by
q relative of Bauer.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

method is based on the characteristic
habits of the fresh-water mussels,
which lie habitually half imbedded in
the bottom of stream, with the
hinder end of the shell directed against
the current and slightly gaping. If a
stick or hook be inserted into the open
ing of the shell. the mn>sel ar once
closes tightly and will hold for a long
time, even while being dragged over
the bottom and hauled up to the boat.
The more elaborate apparatus now
used was first brought to the notice of
the river men of the upper Mississippi
In 1897. The crowfoot apparatus con-
sists essentially of a bar to which many
short lines, bearing four-pronged wire
hooks, are arranged at intervals. BY
means of a towing line the bar is
dragged above the bottom. while the
hooks trail on the mussel bed with
the current. When a hook enters n
smell opening, the musseI closes upOn
the hook, and In consequence Is
dragged from the bottom. When the
bar Is raised after a suitable time
numerous mussels may be hanging
from the hooks.
IL Is usual to equip barges with
q number Of these bars so that the he'd
OF stream may be dragged thorough
~. The most satisfactory boat has
been found to be the ordinary John
boat. Its length is from IA TO 20 feet.
with a width at the center of from 2
10 feet, but it always has narrower
ends, and Is usually of light draft. For
WORK on much larger scale, heavy
barges, approximately 10 by 40 feet,
are used.
After the mussels are brought ashore
the soft parts must be removed. Whore
pearling is the exclusive object. each
mussel may be opened with n knife
inserted between the valves of tbe
shells, so as to sever the adductor
muscles; the meat is then cut ont and
examined for pearls. Such a process
however, Is entirely too slow and ted,-
Gus for preparing shells for market
so the cooking-out process is exclusive
ly employed in the shell fishery. Tho
mussels are cooked in vat feet long
by , feet wide and from II TO 1S
inches deep. This usually takes about
half hour.
After reaching the button factory
the shells are first soaked in tanks
or watts for week or more. The soak
ing process is intended to soften the
material, which would otherwise be too
hard on the saws, as well as so brittle
as to chip and yield blanks with rough
edges. The machine used in cutting
is essentially a lathe fitted with tubu-
lar saw of the necessary diameter to
obtain the required size of button, and
a wooden plug and a ratchet handle or
lever for gradually forcing the rough
shell against the rapidly rotating saw.
The shell is held in position either by
prpngs or by the hand protected with
a mitten. Successive blanks as they
are cut are crowded through the tubu-
lar saw to fall into q receptacle be-
low. The sizes of the buttons are de-
termined by the inner diameter of the
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
BETTER
ROADS
FUNDS FOR BUILDING READS
Sum of 1922, oo0,oOO Available g.,
Highway and Bridge Construction
and Maintenance.

prepared by the L. s. Department .,
AgricultUreJ
Approximately $ti22uOOWO is now
known 10 be available for road and
bridge construction and maintenance
during the year 1921, according In in.
formation sent 10 the bureau OF pub,ic
roads. United States Department or
Agriculture, by the several state high.
way departments. Should pending
legislation be passed 10y congress, and
additional appropriations Toe made for
federal aid, this sum would be in.
creased by the amount of the federal
appropriation.
The approximate amounts availabls
TO each of the states from local. state
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
$50 QuintiIIiOn Miles Off the Sky
Broadway.
Scientist Discovers That the Universe
Is Ore Thousand Times Greater
Than 1t Has Been Thought.

Cambridge. Mass.-Dr Harlow Shap-
ley. the astronomer who recently came
to Harvard from Mount Wilson OBJ
servatory in California. announces
that he has made discoveries that
reveaf the universe TO be a thousand
times greater than scientists have
thought.
BY so doing he has relegated the
earth to plane one thousand times
less important than 1t has heretofore
occupied. And instead of being In the
center OF things" as has been under
stood heretofore, he estimates 1t to
he something like 100000. 900, 600 .OOO.-
100000 miles from the center of the
universe.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
ADVANTAGES OF GOOD ROADS
Means Release to Farmer and City
Man From Bondage Of Rail-
road Dscomforts.

To both city man and farmer the
good road means release from bond
age-bondage to electric, steam car
schedules and Observation-Disclosures
to distance-bondage to time. Coun-
ties and states where good roads have
become a steady part Of progressive
program of legislation have seen val
ues shoot up in most surprising fash-
ion. and this again has brought home
the fact that good roads pay for them
selves.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Historic Building and Grounds
Seized by France During.
War Is Demanded.
ROYAL HOME TWO CENTURIES
Louis XIV Gave II to Marshal SAKE
and Napoleon Presented II to Mar
shall Berthier-Became Posses
sion of Dukes of Parma.

Paris.-Efforts by two princes of the
house of Bourbon-Parma to recover
possession of the celebrated Chateau
Chambord, which was sequestrated by
the French government during the
war. is one of the most interesting
aftermaths of the great conflict.
The chateau is more than 400 years
old and is one of the most striking
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
DEMAND FOR GOOD HIGHWAYS
Nothirp So Vital to Transportstion
System and Future Of Automo-
tive Power.

Lets Preach 1t, Teach 1t and Ue-
mand Good Roads," says Orviile u
CoppOck, sales manager of the C'm-
merce Motor Car company, Defrc'I
Nothing IL so vital to the transpor
tation system of our country, ana t"e
future of the automotive industry %
good roads"
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

in the hope of being able 10 cross the
Atlantic within that time.
They will leave Sandy Hook in the
near future and steer for the Sicily
or AZore islands. From Gibraltar
they will go to Suez, Sumatra. the
Philippines. Hawaii. California, Pana-
ma, pass through the canal and come
up the Atlantic coast to New York.
The entire voyage is expected to take
from 1G to Is months.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

blooms as hyacinths, lilies-of-the-val-
ley, tuberoses, and even daffodils and
narcissus, should be carefully avoided.
The perfume is said to be as danger.
Gus to person in a critical state of
health as dose Of morphine would
be, without possessing the benefits
which that drug sometimes confers.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Bar Tractor From Roads.

Because of its tendency to daihas'
roads. the tractor is barred from many
state, county and private highways
In spite of being thus in diSrepu'e'
however. ii is considered indispehr
able in many communities for buiio-
ing, repairing and maintaining roau''
Many fine dirt road owes its smoo'h'
ness and state of good repair to ~
quent use of the drag or grader. pu''e"
by a husky tractor.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Bachelors in Angora
Save Their "Angoras"

Angora. Asia Minor.-The bill
introduced in the nationalist as
sembly which would compel all
men to marry unless prevented
by health reasons has been re-
tected.
Under the measure bachelors
would have been very heavily
taxed, while married men would
have enjoyed special privileges
in taxation and curtailed mill
tary service.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Cut Cardboard.

rd Is used for so many pur-
/ II Ii well to know how to
ht edges. Never use scis-
the purpose. because that
aEged edges. First lay a
ID ruler on the cardboard
edge upward. AS the ruler
the brass viii be a fraction
~ above the board when
placed. Now procure a very
Dknife. hold the ruler firmly.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

and draw the knife along the brass
edge. Do not attempt to cut through
the cardboard the first time, but mere
iy score II deeply. Now remove the
ruler and cut through the incision.
The result will be as clean a cut edge
as a picture dealer can make on his
hats.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

john" she purred, "Not a team but
bevy of girls"
For little while John just stared
at her. Then he asked soberly. {" Saw
Miss T, what's the matter with
that word two anyway"
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
We Agree.

The teacher Of the fourth grade
decided to teach her children how to
use some collective nouns correctly
though none of them knew collective
nouns from turnip tops. Accordingly
when John T. said pair of horses"
she smilingly substituted "a team Of
horses.~
he took the correction and a little
later said "a team Of girls" The
1eeeA>f aneok - heed. no. r.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Half Dollar in Bows Throat

Louisville.-Dr. s. Shelton Watkins
recently removed haif-dollar which
since January, had been lodged In the
throat of Ray Johnson, 12-year-old son
of Brownsville, KY, stock broker. Or.
Watkins administered an anesthetic.
after which he distracted the coin
with forceps. The boy was able to
leave the hospital several hours later.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Power IN the Arrow,. EIiobt

The Lisso warriors of the Salwin
valley. Yunnan, China. make use of a
bow and arrow, and the latter is hurled
with suck force that 1t win pene-
tfate dart board one inch thick ct Z
dlrtanca - 40 yarda
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Sale of War Materials Brings Billion.

Observation-Disclosures sales of sur
plus war materials since the arms
tice have amounted to approximately
billion dollars, Assistant Secretary
Wainwright of the War department
informed the senate military commit
tee.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Jud Tunkins.

Jud Tunkins says your so-called
good loser" is usually no more than
man who has sense enough to keep
his mouth shut.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25
Bear and RattIeSnakeS
Upset Train Schedule

Elmira. y. New York Cen
trail train crews on the line that
runs south from Corning into
the coal fields of Pennsylvania
are having new experience.
Black bears and rattleSpakcS
are interfering with the time
schedules.
A special cOal-laden freight
train slowed up when a hug
black bear posed on the track in
bat<se formation. 1t refused 10
move until the cowcatcher nOsed
it more or less gently aside.
The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1921-06-25

Flowers Not for Sick Room.
All flowers grown from bulbs are
dangerous in rooms where there is
illness. Although lunches of flowers
are invariably taken to the sick, such