davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mrs. Grundy. (Tracy City, Tenn.) 1903-1930, 1921-09-22

was dangerous for him TO go off like
that, on account o. them Balls and Tor
reys. Back in the Big Pine country
there Is tall, thin man named Sam
Heck. He's big eater, an awful liar,
and worshiper of Bill Dale. Sam
heard my father say 1t was dangerous.
and he whispered: I'll Jest sneak
through the laurels and gyard Bill
from ahind him. l heard him say it,
Mrs. Dale.
80 ne went sneakin' along the foot
O. the north end O. David Moreland's
mountain, with his rifle in his hand. To
guard your son. Bill didn't know he
was bein' followed, because Heck is as
crafty as cat. got nervous about
Bill, so went into the laurels and fol-
lowed Sam Heck. When l overlook
him, he was standin' behind a clump
o. sheep laurel and lookin' toward the
river.
Il whispered, Where's BinY
HE said, BE still, Babe!' And then
he thumbed his rifles hammer back
without sound.
II looked toward the river and saw
Bill Dale a-walkin' up the nearest
bank, and l saw Black Adam slip be-
hind tree not far away. Bill saw
Adam, and he slipped behind a tree,
too. Adam shot at Bills hat, and
leased Bill. Bill shot at Adams hat
and then Adam Ball jumped up groan-
in like he was done for, and fell, all a
twistin', to the ground. But he wasn't
hit. He put his gun out by the tree to
kill Bill as soon as he showed himself.
1t was one O. his old tricks"
Elizabeth >Littleford raised her head
slowly and went on in voice that was
much shaken:
II had always talked against KILN,
and yet / stood there and begged Sam
Heck to finish him. The rest happened
in no time. Ball was already a-lookin'
along his sights. Bill Dale was nearly
out in the open. +" she faltered. and
then came rush Of words: II wouldn't
Mrs. Grundy. (Tracy City, Tenn.) 1903-1930, 1921-09-22
CHAPTER XVI.
Confession.

II the impulsive, fighting Bill Dale
could have heard across the interven-
ing miles the conversation that took
place In his old home the next evening,
he would probably have followed Ben
I.ittleford's daughter by the next train
IL he had had to hold ii up at the point
of an honest blue gun In order to get
aboard 1t.
John X. Dale and his wife had gone
into the library with Elizabeth at her
request. The three sat down facing
each other The younger woman was
i'll at ease; she was glad that the lights
were subdued and soft When the
silence had become heavy, she straight
ened in her chair and blurted out fall
teringly:
"Bil asked me to m-marry him, and
I wouldn't do it. IL thought maybe
II ought to tell you."
The Dales exchanged glances: then
theMl29ked back at Elizabeth Little
ford. ~fSa1e smiled fatherly smile.
Mrs. Dale's eyes narrowed. The old
stiffness rose within her and began to
make stubborn war against her more
recently acquired common sense.
"Ilave you quarreled?" she asked.
"No."
WELL" old Dale said bluntly. whats
wrong?"
sit isn't his fault" Elizabeth told
them. I'm savage" she went on
;lesperately-"and he isn't my kind"
John X. Dale retired very early that
Dight. When the sound of his foot
steps had died away. his wife bent to-
werd Elizabeth and said curiously:
"Why did you call yourself saw
niger"
Elizabeth told of her early life In
the hills, of the feud between her peo-
pie and the Morelands and of how she
had hated the bloodshed. She told OF
the coming of Major Bradley, of her
burning thirst for education, Of the old
trainman who had thrown her news
paper each day, and of the coming Of
| Bill Dale.
Il was lonesome" she continued.
and nobody lever seemed to under
stand how felt. That is, until Bill
Dale came. After l met him, couldn't
see anything but him; he seemed to me
like somethin' I'd had and lost. -
"Then," said Mrs. Dale, "why did
you refuse to marry"
l
"Wait-you don't know 1t ALL" Ellz-
abeth interrupted her. "There was the
KILN O. that heather. Adam Ball.
went to tend the trial because knew
| could clear your son If Major Brad
ley couldn't. You see, Mrs. Dale, I
happened to know who did kill Adam
Ball, and meant to tell If 1t was nec-
essary.
ION the mornin' of the KILN Bill
had started up the river by himself. II
Mrs. Grundy. (Tracy City, Tenn.) 1903-1930, 1921-09-22
Gladstone Explains His First Bud
lTo BE cONTINUED.)

Gladstone Explains His First Budget.
We owe to the late duke of Argyll
an account of the cabinet meeting In
1853 at which Mr.. Gladstone, then for
ty-three years Of age. explained the
proposals of the first Of his series Of
famous budgets. HE came into the
room" writes the duke, with large,
fiat, shallow official box. very old and
shabby, covered with drab-colored
leather. He sat on chair nearly
fronting the window, whilst we all sat
in a kind of loop around him. Open
ing the box on his knee. so that Its lid
stood upright and afforded a rest for
any paper placed upon its edge, he be-
gan conversational exposition. which
endured, without moments interrupt
ton. for more than three hours" The
speech in which Mr.. Gladstone laid
this budget before the house lasted
close upon FIVE hours.
Mrs. Grundy. (Tracy City, Tenn.) 1903-1930, 1921-09-22

red ball of fire, was Just setting beyond
the majestic Big Pine.
Dale pointed to long, moss-covered
slab Of brown sandstone.
Lets sit down there and rest" he
suggested. you're tired, Babe. /
know. Don't mind my calling you
Babe do you"
She looked at him as though she
were surprised at his asking that They
sat down.
Bill Dale suddenly leaned toward her
and took one Of her hands; and he
didn't take it as Jimmy Fayne had
done-as though he were afraid Of II.
"You know love you. don't you
Babe?"
"Tve been believin' It." she told him
after a moment Of painful silence. She
was a trifie pale now. But it-Bill
Dale, it somehow don't seem just right
for you to love me. Because I'm such
a pore little nobody. I'm as ignorant
as sin; and hain't-haven't even got
good manners. But-but If you love,
if you're sure you do, tell me whyl
There came another minute Of pain
full silence.
Because" said Dale, speaking slow
ly, "you have always seemed to be
one of my own kind. You seem real,
to me. l was SO sick of artificialities
in women that / loved you the moment
l saw you. know you are primitive,
but l am primitive, too. And you
weren't calling yourself 'Ma-a-am-mah'
to a ID poodle.
Major Bradley" he went on, "feels
sure that 1 will be acquitted. If 1t
turns out like that, l want you to
marry me at once. Tell me-will you,
BabeY
How boyishly impatient he was. Was
he afraid he would lose her by wait
ing?
"You love me, don't you, Babe7" he
pursued.
She faced him with the sudden,
queer light of tragedy In her eyes.
But she didn't speak He pressed her
hand until 1t hurt and demanded:
"You do, don't you, BabeT
"Yes," she told him, in voice that
he barely heard.
'Then why won't you marry me"
She didn't answer. She wouldn't
answer.
The day of the trial dawned clear,
with the snap Of autumn In the
air. The courthouse was filled to its
capacity within fifteen minutes after
the doors We're thrown open. Every
man who had rifle was forced to
leave 1t behind with the sheriff's depu-
ties; company Of the states militia
was there, and each member of 1t had
hundred rounds Of ball cartridges
In his belt-the authorities were taking
no chances.
Amid breathless hush, the wheels
Of the law began to move. Caleb More
land quickly told what he had to say,
and backed 1t up with proof: he
brought out a perfect alibi. The
Mrs. Grundy. (Tracy City, Tenn.) 1903-1930, 1921-09-22
Short Poem

Short Poem.
Dora-Isn't Eduh's dress a poem5
Dick--Hml Yes--a quatrains I
should call 1t.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
THE FEAST
OF LIGHTS

~HE lights on the tree are said to
VI be Of Jewish origin. In the
month Of Kislev, Of the Jewish
year, corresponding nearly to our De-
cember, and the twenty-6fth day, Jews
celebrated the feast Of dedication Of
their temple. 1t had been dedicated on
that day by Antiochus. twas dedicated
by Judas Maccabeus, and, according to
Jewish legend, sufficient oil was found
in the temple to last for the seven
branched candlestlck for eight days,
and 1t would have taken eight days to
prepare new oil. Accordingly the Jews
were won't on the twenty-fifth day Of
Kislev in every house to light a can
die, ON the next day two, and on the
the eighth and last day of the feast,
eight candles twinkled in every house.
1t is not very easy to fix the ex-
act date of the Nativity, but 1t fell
most probably on the last day Of Kis-
lev, when every Jewish house in Beth
lehem and Jerusalem was twinkling
with lights 1t is worthy of note that
the German name for Christmas Is
Welhnacht (the night Of dedication),
as though 1t were associated with this
feast. The Greeks also call Christ
mas the feast of lights, the name
given to the dedication festival, Chan
ukah, by the Jews.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
First Christmas
Tree
NfN1 HEN Ansgarius preached the
WEWH White Christ to the vikings Of

1Nt1 HEN Ansgarius preached the
WlW1, White Christ to the vikings Of
the North, so runs the legend
of the Christmas tree, the Lord sent
his three messengers, Faith, Hope, and
Love. to help light the first tree. Seek
Ing one that should be high as hope,
wide as love, and that bore the sign
Of the cross on every bough, they chose
the balsam fir, which best OF all the
trees in the forest met the require
ments. Perhaps that is good reason
why there clings about the Christmas
tree in my old home that which has
preserved 1t from being swept along In
the flood Of senseless luxury that has
swamped so many things in our money
mad day. At least so it was then.
Every time / see tree studded with
electric lights, garlands of tinsel gold
festoOning every branch, and hung
with the hundred costly knickknacks
the storekeepers invent year by year
ITO make trade" until the tree itself
disappears entirely under its burden,
I have feeling that fraud has been
practlced on the kindly spirit of Yule.
Wax candles are the only real thing
for a Christmas tree, candles of wax
that mingle their perfume with that Of
the burning fir, not the by-product OF
some coal-oil or other abomination.
What if the boughs do catch fire?
They can be watched, and too many
candles are tawdry, anyhow. Also.
red apples, oranges and oldfashioned
cornucopias made of colOred paper,
and made at home, look hundred
times better and filter in the green;
and so do drums and toy trumpets and
wald-horns, and a rocking horse thar
need not have cost forty dollars.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
WHY THE CHRISTMAS KlSSES7
Oscillation, Allowed by Custom, cele-
brates One of Most Charming
Events in Tradition.

SMTNf Ely should men kiss girls who
VVU stand under mistletOe?
Because they like 1t and be-
cause custom allows it, Every kiss
under the mistletoe, however; is kiss
which celebrates one of the most
charming events in Christmas tradi-
ton.
The romance goes back to the days
Of the gods of Scandinavia, when Bal
dur the Beautiful was shot by Locke,
the Spirit Of Evil, with an arrow Of
mistletoe. But his mother, Venus OF
the North, restored him to life by sa-
luting with kisses all who passed be-
meath branch held aloft in her hand,
Thus it became an emblem of love
and happy celebration. Ancient races
held the plant in great generation, par
ticularly the Druids, who went in pro-
cessiOn into the forests to collect 1t,
After New Years day 1t was dis
tributed among the people as a sacred
and holy plant. II any part Of the
mistletoe touched the ground it was
regarded as an omen Of impending
evil
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
Robertson County
Tobacco Sales Open
Only Small Amount OF Weed
Offered at First Sale
Friday.

Springfield, Tenn, Dec. lO.-Yes-
terday was tobacco sales day in Rob-
ertson county. There were one and
a half millions pounds of tobacco
here to be sold on the loose leaf
floors.
Only a small amount of tobacco
was offered as it was the first sales
day of the season, and tobacco is be-
ing rushed to market very rapidly
thereby creating somewhat of stag
nation in the market. 1t looks Ike
with reasonable deliveries the mar
ket will be in good condition at once.
There has been only a very small
offering Of fine tobacco.
The sales will continue every day
next week except Saturday. Leaf
sold yesterday as high as $40 Lugs
brought as high as $40 per hundred,
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
GhrtHttttaa

COUND over an waters. reach OIs from
~ all lands.
The chorus Of voices. the cIGspiR9 Of
hands;
Sing hymns th0f sDers sung BY the stars
Of the morn,
Sing songs Of the angels when Jesus was
bornl
With glad jHbii0honS
Bring hope TO the HGtionSI
Ihs dark night u ending and dawn has
begun;
Rise. hope Of the ages, arise nks the
sun,
All speech flow 70 music, all hearts bsGt
as one!
Sing the bridal Of nations, wifh chor0Ls
of love,
Sing our the war culture and sing hs tts
dove,
TYu the hearts Of the people Keep ti'ns IN
accord
And the voice Of the world Il the voice Of
the Lord!
Clasp hands of the nations
In strong RrGtuIGIt0HJ;
The dark nighs Is ending and dawn has
begun;
RISE, hope Of the ages. arise HE the
sun.
AN speech f0tV 70 music. all hearts bs0G
as 0Hsi
BEosV, bugIeS Of bnSnie. the marches Of
peace;
East west. north and south. let the long
quarrel cease.
Sing Of glory 10 God, peace 70 esen OF
good will!
HnFk. joining IN chorus.
Tie heavens bend o or Us!
The dark night Is ending 1ssd dawn hGS
begun;
Rise. hope Of rbs ages. arise Iiks sbS
sun.
And speech J3oSV TO- music. oil hs6rts be0S
as oNSi
JOHN GrssnIsGf WhRssiaF.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
HopkinsvilIe Tone Stronger

Hopkinsville, KY, Dec. 9.-To-
days sales of tobacco on the Hop
kinsville market totaled 514,2O5
pounds, which paid the growers
$81 ,031.89 or an average per 100
pounds of $l5.76.
This average compares very ia
vorably with the opening day aver
age Of $14.87 and is an indication of
a steadier market and stronger tone
to prices.
Houses where offerings graded
highest show correspondingly high
er averages, one reporting $17.56
on sales of 229,2SO pounds, another
$17.O8 and third $16.52. But prices
on all floors ranged about the same
grade for grade.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
Ironing Board Cover.

Cut and hem piece Of unbleached
muslin. about four inches wider and
longer than your ironing board, so that
1t laps over about two inches under
the board. Then crochet an edge Of
sir chain and fasten, and 50 on until
you have edged the entire piece. Lay
the cloth on the board, turn over and
lace it with stout card or tape, the
same as you would lace shoe-using,
however, only about every fourth loop.
The cover can be easily removed and
washed.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
Saturday. December 81, 1921,

Saturday, December 81, 1921,
about | o'clock D. M, at the south
door of the court house in Dresden,
sell to the highest and best bidder,
on terms Of one-third cash and the
remainder on one and two years
time, in equal payments, with inter-
est bearing notes with good and APP
proved personal security, with the
privilege of purchaser paying all
cash if he desires, the following de-
scribed real estate, situated in the
7th civil district of Weakley county,
Tennessee, and further described as
follows:
First Tract--Beginning at a stake
in the Dresden and Sharon road,
30h poles east of 0. ]. Wash's $. e.
c.; then east "a poles to a stake in
road; then north 20 poles to a stake ;
then west "a poles to a stake; then
south 20 poles to beginning, contain
ing about 3 acres.
Second Tract--Begins at stake
n. e. c. Of homestead; then north
90 poles to stake in ]. A. Kille-
brew's south line; then west SAN
poles to J. A. Killebrew's s. W. c.;
then south Ill poles to stake in
Dresden and Sharon road Wash's s.
e. c; then east 301s poles to s. W. C.
of homestead; then north 20 poles
to n. W. c. of homestead; then east
"a poles to beginning, containing
about 35 acres.
Third Tract-Begins at stake
in Dresden and Sharon road, s. e. c..
of homestead; then east with said
road 971a poles to turn in road; then
with said road north 81 degrees east
5 ga poles to Kennedy's S. W. c.;
then north Ill 2-5 poles to Kenne-
dy's n. w. c.; then west 101 V
poles to stake i'll ]. A. Kille-
brews south line, n. e. c. of dover;
then south 112 poles to the beginning,
containing II acres.
The first two tracts of land de-
scribed are covered by homestead
and dover and will sell subject to
same and as a whole. The last de-
scribed tract of 70 acres will be sold
outright. d9-l6-23
This Dec. 7, 1921.
w. ]. JETER,
County Court Clerk.
J. T. McWherter, Sol. for Complts.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
WASHING Windows.

II windows are washed when the
sun is shining on them they dry before
there is time to polish them, and look
streaky. Always dust windows before
washing them. Add little ammonia
to the water to make the glass shine
and polish well,
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
Henderson Grower Gets $4O.25

Henderson, KY, Dec. 9.--All rec
Ords were broken today when ]. H.
Fades of Henderson county sold
1900 pounds of tobacco at a $40,25
average the hundred pounds.
He sold leaf at 40 cents pound,
Tugs at 80 cents, and a small bas-
ket of trash at Sd cents. The next
best average this season was 81
cents a pound.
Today 338,475 pounds were sold
at $17.12 average.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16

Live agents wanted to handle city
trade for the genuine Watkins Prod
ucts, A real opportunity. Write to-
day for free sample and particulars.
J. R. Watkins Company, Dept. IL,
Memphis, Tenn. 38-4t (p)
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
Clarksville Opening Sales Still In
complete.

complete.
GAINESVILLE, Tenn, Dec. 1O.--Frl-
day night found the opening of loose
sales on the GAINESVILLE market in
complete, despite the fact that all of
the possible daylight had been util-
lied since 9 o'clock wednesday morn
ing, when twas found there was
nearly 100000 pounds of tobacco
on the floors. Sales have been con-
Quoted on eight of the nine loose
floors, and sales will be resumed
Monday morning.
On account of the fact that the
sales had not been completed, it was
impossible to get an average for the
opening, but the highest average re-
ported from an individual floor was
SPAS from the Union warehouse.
The highest price paid up to Friday
night was $44 on the Durrett &
Runyon floor for small quantity
of leaf.
Deliveries slowed up after We'd
nesday, and more relief from the
congestion is anticipated next week.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16

Hock-Santa Claus apparently has
gifts to please everybody.
Rockies. Ii seems that there is
nothing he doesn't keep in stock. He
brought one woman Of my acQuaint-
ance a divorce with alimony aud the
custody Of the poodle"
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
CHRISTMAS GIFTS.

<<WHE best thing to give to
W your enemy is forgive
ness; to an opponent,
tolerance; to friend, your
heart; to your child, good ex-
ample; to a father, Difference; to
mother, conduct that will
make her proud Of you; to your
self, respect; to all men, char
ity,"-F. NJ. Balfour.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
HAY FOR SALE

A lot of strictly first-slass Jap,
grass and pea hay for SALE. L.
Holbrooks.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
LAND SALE

In obedience to decree of sale
made by the county court at Ores
den in the cause of Mrs. Alice
Brooks ct ais VS.. Basil Brooks ct al,
l will, on
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
MERRY CHRISTMAS

AIfN1 NEITHER we shout it
VWH or sing it, we must be
sure to mean it.; for if
we really mean it when we
say, merry Christmas, every
body" we will do all in our
power to make Christmas day
Of unsullied joy for all those
within reach Of our influence.
Christ came into the world to
bring light which brings joy. He
came to bring deliverance to
men; to solve their difficult
problems to inspire a higher
hope In the spirit of men. That
is the cause of the deepest JOY
to mankind. Yes, Christmas Is
joyful day as well as a sacred
day.
1t is day for doing good
deeds, as well as thinking good
thoughts. 1t is not day for
receiving gifts only There are
so many opportunities for doing
good, that we may receive joy a
hundredfold, with the expendi-
ture Of just little time and
thought. There are many who
have little, many who do not
know the meaning Of this day as
you know 1t; many whose spirits
are crushed by disaster. Re
member them Boys World
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
School Entertain
ments at Palmers-
vile

On the evening Of Dec.
81, at ISIS, an Entertain
ment will be given in the
auditorium of the Pal
mersville High School by
the Music, Primary and
intermediate departments,
consisting of Drills and
short plays, Duets, Solos,
etc. Admission free.
On Dec. %, the High
School and preparatory
departments will present
the Face at the Window"
a 3-act Comedy, and the
"Colored Honeymoon"
negro farce. Admission
Is and 25c.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16

Belding silk, all shades, at $3.50
yard at Al GARDENERS.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
Sorghum Labels 35c

Get your Sorghum Labels at the
Enterprise offire; 35c per 100, or
25c for so. No less than SO sold.
Cash must accompany all orders.
Dresden enterprise and Sharon tribune. (Dresden, Tenn.) 1907-1997, 1921-12-16
W. ]. JETER

County Court Clerk
]. T McWherter, Sol. for Complts.
w. r. McWherter, G. A. l.
Bisbee daily review., 1921-05-01
Western Athletes
 Make Good Showng
 On Eastern Track

PHILADELPHIA April 30.-Won. derfnl performances by western ath letes were shown today in the annu al relay carnival Of the University of Pennsvlyania staged or Franklin field On water-soal,ed' tract and turf. with q cold. chilling wind, the wonderful Derformer@ from the mid. die west won n numba- of important competitions in impresFva fashion
 or the more important college chamnionshiD racas. Illinois captured the four-mile event afte- a steady race which caused both Cornell and Princeton runners to fa,ter.
 The Cedar Ranids hieh school also entered snlendid combination relay team in both he one-Inile high school and the two.miln inter scholastic ti.uiar run anl raced away with double sictory.
 Weiss. Of lillirois. con the discus throw: Osborne nf Illinois tied with Cham berlain. Of Virginia. Alberls. If Illinois. and Murphy of :yotre Dame. in the high. iis'nD at 6 feet. 2 3-s in. and on the toss for nlaces wou scores in the order namad
 Morrick. of Wisconsin. tied with Gardner, of Yale, in the pole vault
Bisbee daily review., 1921-05-01

at 12 feet. inches. and won first place on the toss, while two of the next three places also went to west ern vaulters. Sandefur, of the Uni yersity of Kansas, won first place in the shotput. Wright, of Nebraska. was second in the 120-yard hurdles, and Paulu, of Grinnell, second in the 100-yard dash. The Iowa State quar- tette of half-miIers, hailing from Ames, which established a new Amer. ican record of 7:52 2-5 for two miles week. forced Yale to run within four fifths of second of the old record of 7:53 to win today.
Bisbee daily review., 1921-05-01

Quakers, but the other two hits were responsible for the third Brooklyn run. Score: R. H. E. Philadelphia leo 100 000-2 g 1 Brooklyn .... O01 900 20x-3 0
 Batteries: Smith and Bruggy; Pfef- fer and O. Miller.
 Summary: Home runs, Griffith, Wheat; stolen bases, Rawlings. Neis: sacrifice hits. Smith ?, Miller. o. Mil Ter; double plays Myers to Olson to Konetchy; bases on balls off Smith l, Pfeffer 2; struck out, by Smith l. by Pfeffer 8.