davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1921-06-03
l6 Eggs In Storage For
Everyone In
u. s.

CHICAGO, June 3.-There
are sixteen eggs in storage wait
ing for you to eat them. That
is the declaration Of Russell J.
Poole, secretary Of the council
committee on high costs. He ad-
vises eating eggs to beat the
high cost of living and says
there are 1,740, $50, 900 in storage,
or sixteen for everybody in the
country.
The Washington times., 1921-06-03
BLAST VICTIMS SENT
TO HOMES FOR BURIAL

ABERDEEN. Md, June 3.-The
bodies OF the 1--WE men killed in the
explosion OF the fifty-pound bomb fll-
ed with INT at the Aberdeen proving
grounds Tuesday morning were sent
to their homes for burial yesterday. 4
military escort accompanied them to
the train.
The board of inquiry, headed by Ma
jor James Kirk, completed its work
today. II was announced. and will
hand a written report to Lieutenant
Colonel Schulz. commanding officer.
The Washington times., 1921-06-03
MRS. BERGDOLL BOWS
TO DEMANDS OF u. S

PHILADELPHIA, June 3. - Mrs
Emma C. Bergdoll has decided to
throw open all the accounts of her
properties and those OF her deserter
sen, Grover c. Bergdoll. II the Gov
eminent, through Col. Thomas Miller,
alien property custodian, will appoint
a certified accountant.
II Mrs. Bergdoll had not decided
upon that course, she would have
Leen liable to imprisonment under the
trading with the enemy act.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

regime came in the beginning q
1920. The dictator fed with . mum.
Der Of members of his staff.
On January Is. At about o'clcck
in the evening, Kolshak and his staff
were arrested at the railroad station
OF Irkutsk by q special revolutionary
commission.
The commission arrived in auto
mobiles at the shore Of the Ansara
river and crossed the frozen river
on foot. On the other side was the
Kolchak train. consisting Of three
special cars and q refrigerator. Tho
commission was met by the Czech
commandant Of the train. Borovitch,
who conducted them to the car 90.
cupied by Admiral Kolchak and the
officers who accompanied him. The
Czech commandant briefly and
calmly informed Admiral Kolchak
that this commission represented
the Revolutionary Political Center.
Kolchak became greatly confused,
and was III At ease for awhile.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
Cars Hymn q Spark

On November Is. 1918. q short
time after this conversation be.
tween President Avxentieff and
General Knox. the government Of
the people. the Directorate. was
overthrown. The coup d'etat start
ed with an epistle which In itself
seemed trivial. but 1t resulted in
the overthrow of the government
and the naming of the dictator.
A detachment Of French troops
arrived In Omsk several. days after
the armistfce. I saw the splendid
reception that was accorded them
upon their arrival. The station was
decorated with Allied flags. A mill.
tary parade took place and enthusi.
astic speeches of welcome were
made. The Cossack regiment, COM
manded by Colonel KTesilnikov. the
Cossack chief. met the French
troops at the railroad station and
the Cossack hurrahs resounded hi
lariously over the Siberian capital.
The officers Of the French de-
tachment were entertained by tho
Russian officers at q banquet the
following evening. Tho civil au-
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

Wholesale executions became .
common occurrence. All this was
going on while allied statesmen and
military experts sought official REQ
ignition for the kolchak govern
mont. on the ground that Kolohak
was thu white Hope" Of Russia
These atrocities. committed by
Koichak's men. naturally furnished
the Soviet government with . plaus.
ible justification that 1t was waging
war on the Kolchak government
which was working for tho restora,
ton Of . monarchy in Russia This
served to strengthen the Bolsheviki.
Even the anti-Bolshevist forces
within Russia came to their aid
against the monarchist aggressors.
for the Russian people feared the
monarchists even moro than they
feared the Bolseviii.
The nnal collapse of the Kolchak
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

band in all probability because
there was no new popular national
hymn as yet.
But after a brief pause the band
resumed playing the Cars hymn.
repeating it six or seven times.
The Szecho-Slovak representative,
Captain Koshek, rose and said that
as the representative Of a demo-
cratic army he could not remain at
the banquet any longer. He walked
out demonstratively. Then some Of
the Allied Consuls also left the hall.
Finally. even the French officers
walked out, as by that time the af-
fair assumed the character OF a
scandal.
Later It was learned that Colonel
Krasilnikov, the Cossack chief. and
several Of his officers. had forced
the band to play God Save the
Gar" at the point of their re-
volvers. The' musicians, pale and
trembling, kept their eyes on the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

lsnce. pointing out that such move
would surely shake tho confidence
Of the people in representative gov
eminent and would deal fatal blow
to the army at the front.
The members of the Constituent
Assembly were at first arrested. and
there were rumors that they were
to be shot. After a provocative ex-
plosion Of a bomb, the Palais Royal
in Ekaterinburg. where Chernoff
and other members of the Constitu.
ent Assembly were staying. was sur
rounded by troops and Chernoff and
some Of - his associates were cap
tured. They were secretly removed
in a special car to Chelyabinsk.
Their fate would have been seal
ed but for the Czecho-Slovak Coun-
ell. who gave them protection.
Chernoff afterward succeeded in
crossing the front and reaching
Moscow. Some Of the others es-
Paris. A number Of tho members
Of the Constituent Assembly who
remained in Siberia were afterward
brutality murdered by Kolchak's
subordinates.
About two weeks after the Kol
chalk coup d'etat I returned to
Omsk and tried to interview the
new dictator. His adjutant said
that tho admiral was extremely
busy, and that I would have to
wait at least three or four days
before I could meet him. I ask
ed the adjutant to tell Admiral
Kolchak that I wanted the inter-
view before 4 o'clock that day. and
that unless I had the interview by
that time ! would not be inter-
ested in II. Tho adjutant soon re-
turned saying that the admiral
would receive mo at once.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

ported the idea Of a military dictator
ship at first.
The Czecho-Slovak council in
Siberia. on the other hand, criticized
the coup d'etat and pointed out that
the overthrow Of the democratic
government by means Of violence
and the naming Of a dictator weak.
ened rather than strengthened the
anti-Bolshevist front.
The American forces sent to
Siberia remained about 5000 miles
away from the front. When I cross.
ed Siberia and came to the front, at
Ekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk. I
found there just one American Off
Ger, Major Slaughter. who was
travelling about as q military OBJ
server.
On the way across Siberia I. saw
many old men. women and children,
starving and freezing refugees, drift
ing aimlessly. huddled together in
cold and filthy box cars. I saw
many hungry and ragged refugees
living In caves underground, in the
outskirts of. the Siberian capital,
Omsk. I also saw poorly clad small
detachments Of Italian. French and
British troops here and there, in
Hardin, Manchuria and Omsk, on
their way to the front which was
held at that time by the Czecho-
Slovak troops.
Everywhere I was told about the
monarchist Vaccinations Of the
former Russian officers and various
adventurous self-styled Hetmans.
Shortly before the armistice Ad-
miral Kolchak. who was then min
lister OF war in the Siberian gov
eminent. called on the president
OF the directorate, NJ. Avxentieff,
and informed him that the British
military representative. General
Knox. had arrived in Omsk. Ha
suggested that President Avxen-
tieff call on tho general to pay his
respects, adding that the general
could be very useful to the gov
eminent.
II am the president and It seems
to mo that 1t would be no moro
than right that the military repre-
sentatives accredited to this gov.
eminent should call on the presi-
dent first" replied NJ. Axvent4etf.
Admiral Kolchak agreed with the
president and said that he would
arrange to have General Knox call
on NJ. Axventieff first.
On the following day General
Knox called on President Axven-
tieff.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

militarist spirit which made her q
menace to the whole civilized world.
Even IL she does not return to
monarchism-which is not yet as
sured-as a capitalist-militar1s re-
public she can be as aggressfvely
imperialistic as she was under the
Hohenzollerns.
1T requires no great imagination
to see that with Germany in control
OF the economic life of Russia in Eu-
rope. and possibly even Of western
Siberia, and Japan in control Of tho
rest Of Siberia, the result would be
a menace to every Economically
governed nation in the world.
'Of course. tho combination Of
Germany and Japan with Russia
governed by a reactionary monarchy
would be still more formidable and
dangerous; but even II Russia does
not fall again under the rule Of the
reactionary monarchists and man.
ages to estsblish and maintain .
liberal government, n her economic
Ike Is to be dominated by Germany
In the west and by Japan In tho
east. and especially II Japan II to
exercise political control over tho
richest part Of Siberia. the world
will not be safe for democracy for
long time to come. There will
be in effect two great leagues Of
nations. the league Of democratic ma
lions against a stronger league Of
aggressive military nations. II
Japan Is permitted to control
Siberia, or II Russia Is to be held
in the relentless grip of a German
japanese combination, the aims for
the attainment Of which we entered
the great war will have been do
feated.
Tho Prussia of the east In not
less to be feared than her western
prototype; her passion for a&gran-
dizement Is no less a menace to
peaceful freedom-loving peoples. A
union Of the two Prussias would be
a serious setback to civilization. Tho
imperialistic scheme Of a political
and economic union of these two
great military powers. using Russia
as a bridge to'Iink Berlin to Tokyo,
is more dangerous than the old
menace of an empire stretching
from the North Sea to the Persian
Gulf. Just as Pan-Asianism is more
dangerous than Pan-Germanism-s
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

thorities arranged to give the
French an official reception a day
or two later: At the military ban
quet In honor of the French Off
GERS were the allied consular and
military representatives. After the
dinner the allied representatives
were called upon to speak.
The Russian toastmaster led the
speeches by an enthusiastic toast in
praise OF France and England. The
Allied Representatives also lauded
the valor Of the French troops,
when suddenly the speeches were
interrupted by the playing Of the
old Russian national hymn, God
Save the Car"
The guests became confused and
embarrassed. Some Of the Allied
representatives asked the toast
master for an explanation. His
answer was that the incident was Of
no political significance and that
tho Cars hymn was played by ths
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
Made Dictator by Coup

The story Of the end Of Kolchak
is intensely dramatic. 1t sheds new
light on the history Of tho clumsy
, and futile policy Of intervention
through which allied military ex-
perts and statesmen have helped to
Keep Russia In . state Of chaos and
confusion. thus practically bring
ing on tho present tragic plight Of
the Russian people, with King Hun
ger stalking mercilessly over the
great land so rich in food and
natural resources.
Admiral Kolchak was only
marionette In the hands Of mon
srchist officers and schemers for
the restoration Of the Romanoff
dynasty, a week. willed tool Of some
of the allied military representatives
in Siberia Perhaps well-meaning at
first, eager to save Russia according
to his own lights. he was a pathetic
little dictator who did not know how
TO ,dictate-and he helped to ruin
Russia instead Of sowing her.
was in Siberia rs a war cor
respondent when admiral Kolchak
was made dictator by a serio comic
coup d'etat shortly after the
armistice-on November IS, 1918.
On armistice day interviewed the
president of the Directorate.
Nicholas Avxentieff, and Vladimir
Zenzinoff, a member Of the Director
ate, in Omsk. The Directorate was
the government elected by the
people, by the representatives Of tho
Constituent Assembly who had
gathered in Ufa.
1t was indeed the most repre-.
sentative government Russia has yet
had. Though practically all parties
were represented in the government.
most of the cabinet members be-
longd to the Socialist revolutionary
party. and the policy Of the govern
-ment was liberal, democratic and
anti-Bolshevist. Nevertheless, some
of the military ENJOYS in Siberia re-
sarded the directorate as too radical.
they feared that it was too close to
the Bolsheviki in its sympathies, and
therefore they bent their efforts to
undermine the governments In
fluence and finally to overthrow II.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
SIBERIA CONFERENCE PROBLEM
"IAT q deadlock may occur at

THAT a deadlock may occur at
tho Forthcoming diarmament
conference Of the Powers in
Washington, due to the demands Of
Japan for advantages at Russia
expense, Is the opinion Of John
Spargo. tho noted publicist. He de-
clares that the central problem fac
ing the conference will be FOUND to
be not China or Korea, but Siberia.
whether Siberia is to be domi-
mated by the white race or the vel
low race is tho great question"
said Mr.. Sparso, land upon the
answer to that question will de-
pend whether civilization for the
next five centuries is to be dom.
mated by the white man or tho
yellow man.
"It has come to be recognized
that nothing in the way Of dis.
armament IL possible until there IL
an entire readjustment Of affairs In
the Far East. We have approached
pretty close to that definite chal-
lenge between the white and vel
low races for supremacy which
have broadly sketched in my re-
cent book, Russia a. an American
Problem Moreover, the fact
which I emphasized in my book
namely. that the maintenance of
Siberia under non-Asiatic sover-
eighty is fundamental to our
foreign policy-has now been
recognized and is tho pivot Of our
entire foreign policy.
The logic Of the situation
which is set forth IN my book is
based upon the premise that across
the PROSTATE form Of Russia tho
two great militant Powers could
Join hands and control tho re-
sources and the fate Of something
like ZOO, 900, 900 people.
Even II we leave out Of account
altogether the possibilities Of politi.
cal and military domination OF Rus
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
Interviews Kolchak

asked HIM many questions
which he answered quite frankly.
He made the impression Of . SYM.
pathetic but rather weak-willed
man. He endeavored to convince
mo that he was democratic. He
said that he considered himself
only . temporary dictator. that
his real aim was to lead the Rus
sian people to . Constituent As
sembly. which would then decide
what form Of government was best
for Russia. He emphasized that
he was not q monarchist.
He said that the directorate had
been too radical and on too friend
ly farms with tho Bnlshevilki. He
admitted to me that 1t would be
calamity II the Czecho-Slovaks de-
oided to leave the front at that
time He also declared that with
out allied aid in the form Of war
supplies, clothing and shoes. his
armies would be unable to cope
with the Bolshevist forces. I ask
ed him:
Then you are not in . stronger
position than the overthrow direc-
torate was?"
II am not" no answered, but
with allied CO operation we could
reorgenize the army and within
three months the Russian forces
alone could defeat the Bolsheviki."
The events that followed during
tho next few months threw even
tho anti-Bolshevist elements in
Siberia into the ranks Of the Boil
shevilki. A reign Of terror pre-
vailed Members Of the Consti-
tuent Assembly were murdered In
cold blood. Villages were looted,
pillaged and devastated by Kol-
chak's officers. Men and women
were forged In tho market places.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
Calm at His Trial

Then. realizing that the last act
Of his political career had arrived,
he mastered himself quickly and re-
manned calm throughout the period
Of his trial, and during his exscu-
ton. The commission entered the
next car where they found the
premier of the Kolchak government.
Pepelyayev was morose and utterly
detected.
Soon the revolutionary commits
sion ordered the troops to guard the
train. A company Of workmen and
peasants surrounded the train
quietly and in orderly fashion. Ad-
miral Kolchak and Premier Papei-
yayev were taken to tho station,
whore they were subjected to q
thorough search. While kolchak
was being searched. a woman named
Anna Timirova appeared and offered
to share Kolchak's fate. begging
for permission to follow him to pris-
on. The woman was also placed un.
der arrest.
Tho commander Of the national
revolutionary army, Nesterev. gave
the order. and surrounded by q de-
tAchment Of revolutionary troops.
Kolchak. Pepelyayev and Anna
Timirova, started their march aoross
the icebound Angara river. Tho re-
markable procession moved slowly
along the narrow path over the Ice.
There was the abandoned dictator
who had suffered q complies fiasco,
the man who but yesterday was
called tho Supreme Ruler of Rus.
sia," now a prisoner, and beside him
walked the representatives of Rus
sian democracy.
In tho frosty air Of q quiet
winter midnight the pathetic figures
Of Kolchak and his associates ap-
peared as symbols of the crumbled
reactionary adventure that left be-
hind q terrible trail Of bloodshed.
On the other side Of the river auto.
mobiles were waiting for the prison.
ers. The dictator and his premier
were placed in separate cells. The
heavy doors of the Kolchak cell
closed behind him shortly after mid.
night
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

president Of tho constituent assem-.
bly,, which was dispersed by the
Communist. He - q prominent
leader OF tho left wing of the So
cialist revolutionary party.
II am amazed that you should
ask me such q question:" replied
NJ. Axventieff. why do you think
] should have ordered the shootins
OF Chernoff?"
because Chernoff Is undermine
ing the morale Of tho army at the
front by his revolutionary procla-
nations. In time Of war q man
who would do the things Chernoff
is doing would have been shot In
England. And to maintain MILL
tary discipline you should have
him shot," declared General Knox.
Pardon ne. general" replied
President Avxentieff. II must ex.
press my amasemsnt again. am
astonished that you should come
to me with such . request. particu-
lsrly since ] have not heard you
express any criticism Of the scan
dalous conduct of some Of the
monarchist officers who have re-
peatedly and openly manifested their
Czaristic tendencies by singing God
save tho Car and who are thus
really undermining the morale of
our army. I understand that you
were present on several occasions
when such incidents occurred. and
have not heard any complaint
from you on that ground.
May I suggest. general. that you
leave the Chernoff matter to this
government We will deal with It
as we see TIT. This il an Internal
affair. and I understand that the
Allies have given assurances that
they have no intentions of interior
ing in any way with the internal
affairs of Russia"
Tho interview closed abruptly,
and General Knox went away dis
pleased and angry.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13

troops by way Of the Pacific to Join
with the forces of any other nation
or nations"
Mr.. Spargo points out that both
the Germans and Japanese who have
emigrated to Siberia have been
quick to perceive and seize upon the
economic advantages so numerous
in this great land of unexpected
treasure. 1t is Eastern Siberia. he
says, which Japan wants to domi-
nate and control chiefly for political
considerations. which are subtly In
terwoven with her imperialistic poll
cies and which form an important
part Of her military program.
"On tho score Of the contiguity Of
our own territory he declares, I'VE
have a very definite interest in pre-
venting the occupation of Eastern
Siberia by Japan. the one military
power whose foreign policy is gen.
orally conceded to hold important
elements Of danger for us. 1t is no
answer to this argument to tell US
that Japan's occupation of Eastern
Siberia would be temporary. or that
1t would be pacific and involve no
military aim or effort. Japan has
never given up any territory she has
once occupied. II she 'surrenders'
Shantung the surrender will be pro
forma merely; she has already clear
ly manifested her intention to keep
the oyster when she returns the
shell. We remember Korea.
OUR INTEREST IN SIBERIA.
I'm addition to this purely selfish
national interest, the United States
has another and larger interest in
preserving Siberia's integrity and
freedom from japanese domination.
1t is by no means certain as yet
that Germany has undergone anv
real reform; that she has perma,
nently abandoned the aggressive
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
OLCHAKS OWN STORY OF COUP THAT MADE HIM DICTATOR
TOLD AT SIX-DAY TRIAL THAT RESULTED i'm HIS EXECU

gunp n they played the old Rus
sian national hymn.
On the following morning the
Allied consular representatives held
a hurried conference. and. without
communicating with their govern
ments. sent an u1umatum to the
Directorate. They demanded an ex-
PLANTATION of the incident within
twesty.four hours. This precipL
tated the crisis.
Tho Directorate called . special
conference for the purpose OF con-
sidering the incident and the Allied
demand. It was decided to place
under arrest Colonel Krasilnikov
and the officers involved In tho
scandal and to have them court
martialed. The order was issued
for their arrest Immediately At the
close Of tho conference.
But Colonel Krasilnikov and tho
reactionary officers were prepared
for the overthrow Of the govern
ment. That night they surrounded
tho house of tho president of the
Directorate, where members Of the
government were in conference, and
placed the head of the government
and his associates under arrest.
They forced the members OF the d.
rectorate into motor cars. led them
away under military convoy and i'm.
prisoned them.
Before dawn several members Of
the government hostile to the d.
rectorate met. and Kolchak was
named dictator.
The members OF the Directorate
were soon released on the condition
that they leave Siberia Immediately.
They were sent to Manchuria In a
special train. under British guard,
and were compelled to sign a paper
to the effect that they would not
engage in any agitation against the
kolchak government.
Immediately after the members
of the Directorate had been banished
a farcical trial was Staged by Kol-
chalk. The officers who had arrested
the members of tho government
were assured immunity. All sorts
of absurd charges were invented
against Avxenteiff and Zenlinoff In
their absence. They were accused
OF having been in conspiracy with
the Bolsheviki. Of having received
200, o0o.ooo rubles from the Bolshe-
Wiki for propaganda. OF having
plotted to betray the army to the
Bolsheviki. The trial, of course,
ended in clearing the monarchist
officers and In a violent denuncia-
ton of the members of the deposed
Directorate.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-13
Chernof Arrested

General Gaida, head Of the Csecho-
Slovak army In Ekaterinbug. at his
headquarters located in the Yepar
tyeff house where the Car was kill
ed. told me that he was in favor of
Kolchak because he was convinced
that only q military Dictatorship
could save RussfA. But the CDecho-
Slovak Council on that same day
issued a statement denouncing the
overthrow Of the Directorate by vio-