davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-11-27
FAILURE OF RICE CROP
IS SERIOUS TO JAPAN

The economic situation in Japan has
been seriously affected by failure OF
the Japanese rice crop, while the
financial situation in China has been
growing steadily worse. according to
monthly cables to the Department OF
Commerce from its representatives, in
the east.
The rice was destroyed by rains
and typhoons considerably more than
was expected, a cable from Toxic de-
olared, and the annual yield will be
greatly under the approximate annual
consumption. 1t is predicted that the
fall cocoon crops will also be excep-
tionally small. although failure OF
this crop is not vital, owing to the
large stocks of silk still on hand
Favorable factors in the japanese
situation, tho cable asserted. were the
increase Of savings deposits and the
advance in exports. with imports re-
naming fairly stationary.
Although the tension from the runs
on the Bank of China and the Bank OF
Communications has been eased, the
situation In China still remains seri-
Gus, the Picking report declared. Both
exports and imports have been quiet
but there has been q noticeable in
crease in the imports of American
motor car4 -four and cotton.
Evening star., 1921-11-27
.FOCH VOICES WISH
FOR DISARMAMENT
Tells Carnival Host at St.
Paul He Hopes for Reduc-
ton on Land and Sea.
Nv the Associated Press.

BY the -AssOclAte0 fress.
ST. PAUL, Mimi, November 90
Recounting the sacrifice of France in
the war, Marshal Ferdinand Foch to-
day expressed q wish for disarma-
ment and permanent peace.
NO one desires as much as France
to see the disarmament program be-
come a reality" he said in reply to
an address of welcome by Gov. J. A.
o. Preus at the state capitol.
France lost one million and nall
men in the recent war, and would
be only too happy to have Its friends
disarm and return to the soil.
II earnestly hope to see disarma- l.
ment on land and sea as soon as that
may be possible"
The enthusiasm in the marshais re-
ception today was a repetition of the
tremendous welcome accorded him
last night upon his arrival in st. Paul
for a twenty-four-h hour stay before
continuing on his trip to the Pacific
coast.
Marshal Foch was crowned king OF
the realms Of sno wand ice and royal
chieftain of the ST. Paul winter
carnival hosts this morning. Hun
dreds Of carnival-clad folk took part
Evening star., 1921-11-27

teaches US that the mentality of a
whole people is much too tickle to be
depended upon for a long time. A
people is like a woman. Today she
thinks she is in love: tomorrow she
finds that she is mistaken. The same
is true Of a people; today they are
quite sure they want peace: tomor-
row they are just as sure that they
do not want peace. Then. too, the
present generation cannot possibly
give any guaranty for the next"
When Gen. Nollet was first ap-
preached on the subject of Germany's S
disarmament he shrugged his shoul-
ders.; "
"How long it will take to disarm
Germany" he said. Il cannot say at
the present time. 1t is necessary for
US, however, to play safe not only
for the present but also for the fu-
ture. Therefore, we must see to it
that all in Germany, including wom-
en-, are disarmed from top to toe and
that nothing is left even for the chill
dren to start war with. Only then
will the menace of war be removed
for good"
Evening star., 1921-11-27
BY GEORGE n. BARNES.
British Parliament Leader.
BY Radio to The Star

BY Radio TO The Star.
LONDON, November 26.-The peo-
pie of Great Britain are glad to note
the American insistence on the main
features of the naval reduction pro-
gram submitted by Mr.. Hughes at
the first session of the Washington
conference. My predictions as to
that program have been amply veri-
fled, for the proposals have been in
dorsed not only by the government.
but by many representative bodies,
and orders issued by the admiralty
for the stoppage of work on capital
ships assured hearty cooperation where
least expected.
Now we are concerned about France.
To our Gallo neighbors Germany and
Russia are real menaces. Premier
Brands speech at Washington has
been noted here with regret, but not
with surprise. And L am constrained
to say that an Interpretation of Mr..
Balfour's remarks as unqualified sup
port of the French position would
not in my view reflect the growing
volume of British opinion,
In quarters which are increasingly
important there is a feeling of i'm
patience with the French postwar
policy generally. Meantime the fact
is TO be noted that Mr.. Brands at
titude seems to rule out any dras-
tic revision of land armament by
agreement unless some new assurances
can be given to relieve France OF
the fear of being left in the lurch
if again attacked. The British would
welcome the giving of such reas-
Surance.
Admire L. 8. Attitude.
But on the whole the British feel
ing is one of confidence in the Wash
ington conference ard admiration for
the openncss and friendlincss of the
United States toward all of the ma
tionS.
Very had feelings have been en-
gendered by the Franco-Turkish-An
CORA agreement which if raj titled turns
over to the mercy Of the Turk a
Christian population which had been
assured protection by the allies. 1t
is the latest of the departures from
interaliied cooperation since the war.
Protests have been made by the
British cabinet and the whole matter
must be reviewed in the light of
allied pledges and the provisions of
the treaty of Sevres.
Respecting Ireland We are still in
Evening star., 1921-11-27
BRANDS PARLEY SPEECH
SATISFYING TO FRANCE
Nation Sees inAmericanN Newspaper Comments
Entire Understanding of Problems
Presented by the Premier:

treaty Of Versailles. namely. the
occupation Of the left bank Of the
Rhine beyond fifteen years. France
has also those guarantees which
right to utilize-the maintainance OF
her military forces at level judged
necessary for defense.
These facts are uncontroVertlDle.
Moreover, nobody at Washington mas
set himself as a judge over Frances s
security. when Secretary Hughes
produced a naval program. he did NOT
seek any ones advice concerning tne
figures as to tonnage deemed neces
sary and Indispensable to American
security. Nobody has asked france
to reduce her forces in the race OF
moral and material menace which re-
sounds throughout the German press;
That is why many Frenchmen woula
have preferred that Briands speech
should have begun with this fact: m
contrary assumption, which no deie-
gate had formulated or insinuated.
Denies Apologize Mood.
In other words, the French people
are not at all in an apologetic mood;
They have done nothing since 1913
in excess of their rights-naturai
rights as a great power-as wen as
contractual rights inscribed IN tne
treaty. Despite small cooperation
obtained in disarming Germany, max
ing her pay and preventing voluntary
bankruptcy through wasteful gov
ernment, the French people, as NJ.
BRAND remarked, already have re
duced the terms Of military service
from three years to two and soon 10
eighteen months. That is a great
proof Of our desire for peace and mas
been given without outside pressure.
What need in such circums stances
for pleading" our cause? What yer,
dict" Is needed but that OF conscience!
These are fine distinctions, perhaps.
but they are important IL we seek
clarity in international relations ine
substance of Brands speech corre-
sponds to the facts. and every French
man indorses it. On the other hano'
it's apologetic form leads to misunder-
standings which II would be better 10
prevent than to cure. Just because
German propaganda in America ac-
cuses Franace of Imperialism there IS
no reason for France to defend her-
self like a criminal.
France desires peace more than any
body. because she has suffered more
from war France wants her allies
and associates to understand. but.
like them she desires to avoid en-
tang!ementS which might prejudice
her security or limit her sovereignty
Copyright. 1921
Evening star., 1921-11-27
Conference United States Popoato Cut Naves Expected Soon
What "Open Door" In China Means
And How It Would Benefit World

! feet and profit by her great resources
Or make use OF outside capital be-
cause these spheres Of influence have
developed only small sections OF the
country for their own benefit and pre-
vented any further development by
otherS
Fortunes in Her Resources.
China has vast fortunes stored up
In her natural resources and Ter peo-
Pile are starving. Labor is cheap. and
with stable government and rail-
roads. capital invested without being
hampered by spheres of interest could
! be used to the great advantage of
outside interests and at the same
time for the direct beneflt Of China.
spheres Of influence keep China SO
J bound that she cannot either build
railroads or have them built for her
and 80 bring out her raw material and
eventually become q trading nation
that would result in the organization
of unified government
The open door is impossible so long
as these spheres of influence remain.
In the diplomacy Of the far east the
principle of equality in commercial
matters was recognized and was first
put into concrete form when Secre-
quested that there should be no par
tiality shown in China in duties. Gus
toms regulations. harbor dues. rail-
| road rates and the like. and the ma
tions holding spheres Of influence
agreed to this. Later, in the Anglo
Great Britain reasserted an adherence
to the open door principle. in that
"they were especially interested in Sc
| curing equal opportunities for the
| commerce and industry of all ma
tions" According to an authority
ho ho " n q in
tanning an open-doo policy has been
because of failure to acknowledge
the full implication in Secretary
Hays demands. Many times it has
been upheld by the various nations
as the only. just policy. but in prac-
vices or modified by so many excep-
tions that its true purpose has been
!!llost." In other words. for the past
twenty years each nation holding a
sphere Of interest has advocated the
theory of the open door and has urged
the other nations to give up their
powers. but each has been very care
full to work out excuses for maintain
ing her own rights.
Problem for the Conference.
This. then. is the heart of the problem
before the present conference. II this
parley can accomplish what John Hay
was unable to do. 1t is believed that the
far eastern question will be practically
settled. None of the nations has as yet
come out point blank and offered to
concede her sphere Of influence, but
each in general has offered to cooperate
for international welfare.
The open door in China would benefit
China primarily. but in SO doing the
whole world would be benefited through
great stimulation to trade. 1t Is be-
lieved that the nations holding spheres
Of influence being all great trading ma
tions would reap a greater harvest from
a rehabilitated China than they do at
Evening star., 1921-11-27

present by their selfish and grasping
methods. The war showed forceluiiy
the vital importance Of advanced indus
trial nations being supplied with ample
volving. Russia at present Is not only
a negligiable factor in industry, but sne
is an actual drawback to the world
Her raw material once fed many mills;
now 1t is cut off and many plants are
lying idle. China's raw material could
take the place Of that of Russia. IL Is
believed by the experts who are familiar
with the question: that If China's in
tegrity were guaranteed. il all nations
withdrew their stagnating influence.
and she were allowed to regulate her
commerce. set her own duties. have con-
troll Of all harbor affairs so that all ma
tions would be dealt with alike. grant
concessions freely and guarantee that
capital could be invested safely. her
economic status would be approaching
stability within five years.
With outside capital. good railroads
could be built, for China has good en-
gineers and q wealth of cheap labor.
With q growing railroad system. the
natural resources would be opened up
and all nations would be eager to
come and buy her vast supply of raw
material.
Would be Good Customer.
This would bring money to China
and she would then be able to buy
finished products from other nations.
and so a trade relation profitable to
all concerned would gradually grow
up. 1t is believed that a Chinese
banking system. now only in its in
cipiency, would follow the trade boom
and with it all other institutions that
characterize healthy nation work
ing in harmony with the other powers
Of the world. The natural sequence Of
South China, the Peking government
and other smaller disturbing politi-
cal factions. no longer kept apart by
the intrigues of scheming outside in
terests. should come together for the
good of the whole country and form
one strong government, which would
be able to control all internal affairs
and in which other nations could put
reliability in binding contracts.
All the great powers at the con-
ference on the Limitation of armament
and far eastern questions have taken
the first real step in securing the in
tegrity of China. They have promised
to aid her in building up a stable gov
ernment, to use their influence to see
that an equal opportunity be given
to all to carry on commercial deal
ings and not to take advantage of her
weakness 10 ODldlIl lIolll Hti any
cial rights. This is the general pol
icy that all have agreed to. The de-
tails have yet to be worked out. If
the powers adhere to this broad and
far-seeing policy and carry it out to
the letter. completely concede spheres
of interest and special rights and not
try to modify their agreements and
make exceptions, as was done in the
past. then and only then will China
be able to take her place in the world
and do her bit in keeping the wheels
Of industry revolving.
Evening star., 1921-11-27
WANT EDUCATION PARLEY

AUGUSTA, Me-. November 26.-Dr.
A. o. Thomas, state superintendent
Of public schools, has been selected
to represent the National Education
Association at the arms conference
at Washington, it was said today. He
is chairman of the committee on for
eign relations of the association,
which has in view an international
congress on education to be held in
1928, probably at Washington.
Dr. Thomas will ask President
Harding to present the matter to the
delegates of the countries represented
at the arms conferenc. 1t is pro-
posd to teach international civics as
a means of bringing about better un-
derstanding and good will among the
nations.
Evening star., 1921-11-27
BY PHILIP c. kAUFFMANN.

BY PHILIP C. kAUFFMANN.
HE "open door" in China has
come to be byword since
the conference on the limita-
ton of armament and far
eastern questions began in Washing
ton. The open door policy. of course,
Is not new one. 1t is an ideal that
has been set forth and fostered by
statesmen and diplomats in the United
States for these many years. Children
have been taught of it in schools as
a panacea for China's ills. Good, solid
citizens have talked familiarly of it
in times past and felt that 1t was
something that American fair play
advocated as giving an equal chance
to all.
Every one knows in a general way
that it means giving all traders an
equal opportunity to share in the vast
wealth of China. Getting right down
to technicalities, however, the theory
and working basis of the open door
Department officials have studied for
mnay years and admit that it is so
involved that a lifetime could be
spent without becoming fully cogni-
zant of all the entangled details.
Crux Of Pacific Problem.
Before the conference started far
eastern questions were talked of in
ever. the crux of the far eastern
question has resolved itself into
the settlement of the Chinese puz-
zle. True. Mongolia. Manchuria, zap
and other Pacific mandates and ia
pans influence in Siberia all seem
tn h11I hot
to be touched upon, but none of
them seems to have attracted major
attention as yet. and the general feel
ing is that once China is taken care
of the other problems will follow
along smoothly. One of the chief
health of sick China is the open
door which China is begging for and
the United States has been insisting
on for twenty odd years.
What is the open door policy? It
does not imply free trade or even low
tariff. 1t implies actually equality in
import and export duties, harbor dues.
customs regulations. distribution of
raw material and opportunities for
investment or concessions. 1t is ap-
plicable where outside governments
are backing commercial and financial
interests. This. in general way. is
what the open door stands for. Why
it is a theory that has been advocated
and yet never freely applied. and why
it is of vital Importance to China and
the good of the world at large is a
more troublesome question.
Heritage of Conquest Days. .
Back in the early days of exploration
and conquest great nations sent out
their ships to find new lands and ex-
pand their empires. When new col
ony was acquired it was the natural
thing that the mother country should
demand that she should reap all the
benefits of trade with that new pos
Evening star., 1921-11-27
BRITISH APPROVE STAND
OF 4. S. ON NAVAL CUT
lnsistence on Main Features of Hughes
Program Wins Confidence Feel
ing Over Franco Turk Pact

a period of doubt, not unmixed with
apprehension. One question has been
settled. namely, the attitude of the
conservatives and unionist party in
the country. Accommodating evidence
shows that the unionists and con-
servatives definitely have arrayed
themselves on the side of Prime
Minister Lloyd George in exploring
all possible means of reaching an
Irish peace.
The government has given some
reinsurance as to the Irish situation
of their proposals. These include,
first, the supremacy of the crown:
second, the inclusion of Irish waters
in the United Kingdom for purposes
of naval protection; third. liability of
Ireland for share of the war debt
and war pensions; fourth. freedom of
Ulster to reject for the north of Ire
land.
Reject UIster Proposal.
There is reason to believe that Sim
Fein tentatively has accepted the first
three proposals. But the Ulster pro
vision has been rejected. Lloyd
George. however. is conferrine Will
both sections, and a meeting of tho
Ulster parliament is convened r..
J Tuesday next, when developments
may be expected. Ulster. OF course q
may plead that she is being mad
subject to a political pressure tants>1
mount to coercion. If 50, she has AN
easy way of escape. Hitherto Shk
has allowed herself to drift into y
position of moral isolation by rejects
ing each plan of settlement without
helping to produce another. She NAV,
while insisting on the retention of
the powers conferred upon her last
year, agree to the principle of an all
Ireland authority to adrninis,e" some
of the powers which were then re-
served .r-.-. -
That. / believe. is the best way she
can Iiberate herself from the thrall+of
the evil past and get aligned with
the enlightened and expanding pres
ent. But there is also halfway
compromise of applying the new pro-,
posals for the time being only 10 the
south of Ireland. To this however.
Sim Fein is opposed.
That is how matters stand at the
moment. Meantime Belfast is living
in Il reign of terror described on enc
side as "Sinn Fein outragcS" and IN
the other as the work of diraurr
gunmen" I express no opinion. Fut
police services have been. transferred
wholly. to the Ulster parliau1ent, and
public opinion here will expect the
new authority to deal faithfully with
both sides and inspire in them "a
wholesome regard for the amenities
of civilized life. -.-.-..
Copyright. 1871
Evening star., 1921-11-27
Frenchn,en Stirred
To Protest Against
FOkker Plane ShO,p1l
BY the Associated Press.

by the Associated Press.
PARIS. November 36.-Severe
criticism has been aroused by
the exhibiting Of q F0kker air
plane at the aviation salon. 1t
In held that 1t IN too early after
the German army FOkkers few
over and bOmbarded Paris for q
machine made by the same man
to be admitted to France Tor
show purposes.
Announcement was made today
that the plane will be sei1ed un-
der n writ granted to Esnauft
Pelterie. n French airplane
maker, On the ground Of in
frfngement of the "broom-
handleo system OF direction.
Az a concession TO those OBJ
jectinE to its display the name
'"FOkker" has already been re-
moved from the machine.
Evening star., 1921-11-27
DENIES ARMY OF 450,000.
Polish Legation Says Troops Num-
ber Only $4,000

Reports that the present strength
of the Polish army is 100000 men,
with $4,000 reserves, are contradicted
by a statement issued by the lega-
tion of Poland yesterday. The state.
ment says that since the treaty OF
peace with Russia in March of this
year, the demobilizatton OF the army
has been in progress and is still
continuing, so that today 1t numbers
only 100000 men, or one soldier for
every 2198 inhabitants. Figures re-
ceived by other powers attending the
conference. from their military at
taches in Warsaw, which possibly
are not as recent as those OF the le-
cation, credited Poland with the
larger number.
Evening star., 1921-11-27

, session. This was the general policy
of all nations, and the custom was
kept up through decades. Gradually
1t was found, however. that this
method was not to the advantage
economically of all concerned. and q
policy of give and take grew up.
Great Britain's colonies have become
dominions and govern their own trade
laws. Other colonies have more or
less say in their affairs, and in gen.
eral the closed door has gone into the
discard. Not SO in China. Certain
outside countries keep her from gov
erning her own commercial affairs and
seek to keep out the world at large.
1t Is the spheres Of interest" that
keep China's hands bound and keep
her from becoming an integral factor
in the economic world.
There are now in China certain
leased land rights. small parcels Of
cities with little surrounding ter
ritory. at intervals along the coast,
completely controlled by outside ma
tions-France, Great Britain. Japan
and Portugal 1t is not these nor is
it the extra territorial rights held by
outside countries that is throttling
the growth of China. 1t is these much
discussed spheres of interest" some
times wrongfully called spheres of in
fiuence." All of China is divided up
into great areas, controlled to a great
, extent, as far as commerce is con-
cerned, by foreign nations, principally
among them being Great Britain.
many and Russia.
Their History Not Creditnble.
These spheres were obtained at va
rious times and in various ways, and
are held by treaties, alleged treaties
Cip
by a great stretch of Imagination
These pledges for control were OBJ
tanned by trickery. threats and other
underhanded means in many cases. 1t
has been claimed that China should
not be held to any of these treaties" ="
since at the time they were executed
she was so inept at diplomacy and so
at the mercy of other powers that she
has been likened to a minor who is un-
qualified to sign contracts. These So
called treaties demanded the exclusive
control and actual monopoly over the
area in question of railroads. mines,
loans, all public underta kings, and
some of the countries even insisted on
having their advisers connected with
the Chinese government.
1t can be seen easily how they have
kept China from developing her own
resources or profiting by outside cap
ital. From the very beginning a dog
in-the- e-manger attitude has prevailed.
Not so long ago American capital was
obtained to put through a new and
much needed railway. The country
having jurisdiction over that part of
China where the railroad was pro-
jected intervened. She could not then
finance a railroad. and she would not
let any one else do it. The railroad
would have been a boon to China. but
it has never been built. This is only
one example of the kind of thing
that has killed progress in China
China has been unable to get on her