davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

. Mrs; A. ". Barry was called to Sax
tons RIVER Thursday by the illness of
her mother.
Arthur Cutler of Groton. Mass. spent
the weekend with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. +. G. Cutler
Daniel Willard has received his dis
charge from service in the L. s. navy
and returned home Saturday.
Prof. and Mrs. ID. G. Smythe of Hart
iord' Conn, came Friday to their home
here for short stay in town.
G. Miss Eloise Cummings and Miss Julia
Sparks visited friends in Brattleboro
and attended the high school play.
Green Stockings Friday evening.
Earl Thompson who has been driving
Tor +. +. Allbee and leasing Mrs. L. s.
Boyden's barn in which to keen his
horses, moved last week to Mr.. Albee :
and will board with his family.
Mr. and Mrs. II. b. Osborn moved
their goods Friday to their new home i'm
New1ane. Miss Marian Cummings ac-
companIed them and will work foI
them at the Windham County house.
Verne Vincent will have charge OF
the Christian Endeavor service for next
Sunday evening, March 6, and the topiC
VIII be Thy Kingdom Come. This is also
the conservation meeting for the month
Despite the reported unsettled mar.
kets, j. II. Ware is doing considerable
amount of cattle business this winter
lie recently shipped a carload of new
mich cows to Hartford, Conn, beside
numerous smaller shipments to nearer
markets
A regular meeting of Wright camp
;. of V, was held at Masonic hall Fri
day evening with a good attendance, {
members coming from Newfane. Re
Treatments of doughnuts, cheese and eof
fee were served after the meeting anC
a social hour enjoyed. w. NJ Sparks
and III. f. Howard served as refresh
ment committee
The regular meeting of West Rive
Grange Friday evening was well at
tended and proved q pleasant occasion
| Eight candidates were initiated into TIN
first and second degrees of the ordel
and after the business session refresh
ments of coffee and waters, Were serve'
| by the six members whose birthdays oc
Cured in February AT the next meet
| ing, Tuesday, March 8, the third AM
! fourth degrees will be conferred on tn
class and a harvest supper served. Thu
| business committee, Mrs. w L. Tennev
| Mrs. Matte Turner and B. r. Phillips
will have charge of the refreshments
The pupils of the three Latin elasse
at Leland and Grey seminary were EN-
tertained at the home of the Latin
teacher, Mrs IzS Boyden Friday even
ing. They .wefeg pleasantly entertained
with large eolIection of French ant
which AIrs1 Boyden spent abroad. Afte
this, games aud refreshments were en-
ioyed and the evening ended with dane
tfngs to the5 music of the vietrola- Eael
guest received q small Leland and Gre.
y banner as d souvenir. On the staff o
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
TOWNSHEND.
Sorrow Over Death Of AlmOn Marsh.

News received Saturday morning of the
death from pneumonia of Almon NJ.
Marsh. CO. at the home of cousin IN
Greenfield brought sorrow to all friends
and neighbOrs here. Mr.. Marsh had been
seriously i'll for some time with the dis
ease, which was his second attack, and
little hopes had been felt for his recovery
for several days.
Mr. Marsh was born in Brookline Nov.
h 1860. The son and one of four chill
dren of Norman and Augusta tPerham)
Marsh. He married at Newfane Sept 20
1888 Miss Hattie Brainard of BroOkline,
who survives him. Except for a year in
Athens and Cambridgeport. Mr.. MarSh's
life was spent In Brookline until the
family moved to this village about IL
years ago, purchasing n home in Har-
mOnyville which they occupied until last
year when a lucrative position was offered
both himself and Airs. Walsh on large
farm in Benson where their eldest son.
Norman. was already employed. They
rented their farm here to c. II. Stratiff
and family expecting to reoccupy it after
a years time. The work sat Benson
proved too great strain upon their
health and since fail Mrs. Marsh has been
acting as heasekeeper fofs7a scousin in
Greenfield Mass, where Mr.. Marsh spent
part of the time. He has also been with
his youngest daughter, Mrs. Edna Hamlin,
In NaNfane. s-,st. . = rs ~
\ serious eve trouble had handicapped
Mt. Wafsh- Tor severaI~-years and this
was growing upon him. his vision being
nearly elestroyedss -IAda-avas expecting to
undergo an operation for this trouble in
the near future. During his entire life he
was an Industrious and steady worker
An hvhest citizen and kim neighbor, one
whose fund of dry humOr and ready wit
made, him a fayorite among his many
friends. 3
Besides his wife, Mr.. Marsh leaves two
sons and two daughters@Norman Marsh
of Benson; Hayden Marsh, who was one
of the first volunteers from this town in
the World war and also the Mexican ex-
petition; Mrs. Casa Lindsey of South
Athol, Mass, and Mrs. Edna Hamlin of
Newfane:. Another daughter, Grace, died
at BrOOkline
The funeral will be held at the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Hamlin in Newfane
on Tuesday afternoon at 100. The
burial will be in the family lot at Brook
line. Mr.. Marsh leaves two brothers. Royal
Marsh of Brookline and Roscoe Marsh
| of Athol.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
FATHER DIES, THEN
ONE OF HIS SONS
Body of John L. LongueiI, Formerly Of
BrattlebOr0, Brought Here-SOn,
Walter, Dies Today.

John T.. Longueil, 76, formerly of this
town, died in the home of his daughter,
Mrs. Bessie Hunter of Springfield,
Mass, Thursday morning, Feb. "a.
a son, Walter, who lived in Spring
field and who was i'll with heart
death and died at 4 o'clock this morn
ing
Mr.. Longueil was born in Halifax, y.
8, May 10, 1874. He was twice married
lie left 10 sons, John of Virginia, Herr
bert, Arthur and Guy of Brattleboro,
Ralph OF Belchertown, Mass. Walter
who has since died) and Percy OF
Springfield, Roy of East Longmeadow,
Mass, Robert of New Jersey and Lloyd
of Florida; also four daughters, Leila
and Edith of Seattle, Wash, AVIS wife
of Fred Bundy of New Haven, Conn,
and Bessie of Springfield. He also leaves
p grandchildren and five great grand
Funeral services were held at j. A.
Morrilfs undertaking parlors Saturday
afternoon at go. Many relatives and
friends We're present. The profuse
floral offerings showed the esteem in
which he was held. The body was
brought to Brattleboro Saturday night
for burial in the family lot in Meeting
House Hill cemetery.
Walter Clifford Longueil died about
o'clock this morning in Springfield
after being i'll about two weeks. He
was not able to attend his fathers fun
eral. He was born in Brattleboro 3
years ago and attended school here. Ht
never married About Is years ago ht
went to Springfield, but later returned
and was employed as farmer by Walter
NJ. Robbins Going to Springfield again
he was employed the past nine years b.
| the Spaulding Sporting Goods Co.
| Funeral arrangements have not beer
made, but it is expected that the bod!
will be brought to Brattleboro for bur
| ial beside his father
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
LOWELL & TELLER
10 MAIN STREET
SATISFACTORY SERVICE

tIc was Latin quotation, taken from
the authors studied this year. which
each guest was required to translate for
themselves. - - ~ =
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
FOUND

FOUND-AIaltese kitten. Owner may
have by calling at w. G. Mitchelrs, 40
High st. 305-306
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
SPECIAL NOTICES

HAIR GOODS-E. P. Bailey, POS Bar.
Der Bldg. 1o2-u
EXPRESS AND JOBBLNG- Perley
Plante, Tel. 53-R. 2g2-t1
CHIROPODIST- Elizabeth p. Bailey,
20S Barber Bldg. 8 to 12-2 70 .:
Phone 606-W. 1SZ-t
/ AM READY to do expressing and
jobbing of all kinds. Perley Kent, 10 Or
gan st. Tel. sow. BOISE
HEMSTITCHING while you wait.
Mail orders receive prompt attention.
Singer Sewing Machine Co, 90 Elliot ST.
Tel. $500. 2oI-tf
BARGAINS IN NIAGAZINES-Mos
favorable terms on single subscriptions or
on reduced club rates. Send for booklet.
BrattlebOro News Co. 1S2-tt
IIEMSTITCHING and Picoting At
tachment. Fits any machine, easily adj
justed. Price, $3.50. Personal checks
10 cents extra. L. Bridgman, Box SSl,
Buffalo, \. y. 304-3lo~
DON'T let anyone fool you. Sell
your junk to the right dealer-get full
price and the right scale. Telephone
connection. NJ. Gissen, s1O4 Williams st:
+ l will NOT hold my auction sale on
March 3, as advertised in The Phoenix,
as 1t has been impossible to get cars IN
which to ship these horses. NJ. J. Tet-
reault, Greenfield, Mass. 3O4-3O6
MAGAZINES AT LOWEST PRICES
Write me about what magazines you
want for the coming year. l can get them
| for you at money saving prices, Mrs. q.
! NJ. Love, Magazine Specialist, South New
{ fame, Vt. =..-4. 1S2-tt
| SAFE EXPERT-Win open safes
where combination is lost through death
,2r carelessnesS--4Na-da damage to contents.
Tsepdirfng- cash registers. Chas. Siman-
ton, st. Johnsbury. VI 5O2-3O3~
DO NOT FORGET we will give 81. re-
/ ward to customers whose shoes are not
| finished at the time agreed upon. Repair
| ing done while You wait, service guar
anteed. Universal Quick Shoe Repair
ing Co. Barber Blk. 30l-333'
CLERKS. linen. women over II, for
Postal Mail Service. $l25 month. tx
| perience unnecessary. For free partIc-
ulars of examinations, write X. Terry,
| former Civil Service EXaminerl 155
Continental Bldg, Washington, ID d. 90 =:
THE BEST BANKERS are expert
statesmen. If you want to pave the way
/ to become a banker and master the type
| of craftsmanship leading directly to 1t, we
believe that we have an opportunity
which win interest you. You can earn a
good living while learning under the guld-
ance OF men trained IN the Investment
| field. Write +. z. Estabrook, 81 State
street, Boston, Mass. . 3O5-30I
PERMANENT PROFITABLE EN-
1 PLOYAIENT. We want reliable men
and women to sell our high grade nurs-
cry products. Experience unnecessary
| Cash paid weekly. Good pay. Outfit
| furnished free. 1t will pay you to in
vestigate. Write for particulars Dis
trict Supt., z. o. Box 645, Burlington
| Vt 3Ol
/ WE ARE LOOKING for a good, hon
| est, reliable, ambitious married couple
/ no children, at Dell Dale farm. Wife Il
/ assist in general homework; man tt
work at general farming. Must be 1
good mixer, teamster and understand
all branches of farming. To a couple
of that description / have steady posi-
ton. In answering kindly state SALARY
expected, together with references. +
T. Hutchinson, Concord Junction. Mass
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

WANTED-Live and dressed poul-
try and fresh eggs. Tel. 324-15. 29o-o2IT
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

FOR SALE-Two thoroughbred Dur
ham bulls bright red. One year old
in May, the other younger. y. 4. Aus
tin. Newfane, VT. 30J-310*
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

WANTED AT ONCE-Kitchen maid:
Apply at Austine Institution. 29f-tt
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

WANTED-Girl for general house.
work. If Chaplin street. 29I TT
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

WANTED-Live poultry, w. i. Rich.
ardSon On Z9O-tI
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

WANTED-Table boarders, Grove
street. oO--oOo
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

WANTED-Man and wife without
children tc work on farm 21a miles from
Montpeliet. 10 minutes walk from electric
car barns Mention references. ages,
also wages each will werk for IN first
letter Permanent position to the right
parties. Nice two-rOOm cottage under
construction for help. Cloverdale Farm,
Montpelier, VT Phone Civ. 303-305"
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
WANTED

WANTED-Messenger. Western I'm
ion - - -. - 30l-tf.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

FOR SALE-Furniture and ranges,
new and secondhand, at ]. 3. Dunton's.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28
FOR SALE

FOR SALE-Baled hay. ]. Fl. Under
wood NeWfane. VT. 294300
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

PERMANENT IKUFIIABLE EN-
PLOYAIENT. We want reliable men
and women to sell our high grade nurs-
cry products. Experience unnecessary.
Cash paid weekly Good pay. Outfit
furnished free. 1t will pay you to in
vestigate Write for particulars. Dis
trict Supt., T. o. Box 645, Burlington,
VT. 305
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1921-02-28

FOR SALE-Two good sled or wagon
bodies also one auto truck body. Chas.
Miner 279-t
The Jewish monitor. (Fort Worth-Dallas, Tex.) 191?-1921, 1921-02-11
THE WACO JEWISH COMMUNITY

and Max Heller, P. Lyons, A. Lidenthal, H.
Jacobs, Harry and Joe Levine.
In 1869 Tom Davidson brought his bride
of week from Syracuse, New York, to the
frontier village. In 1869 my father, Moses
Goldstein, came to Waco with his family,
and remember quite well how the town
looked at that time. Austin street was a
country road, the suspension bridge across
the Brazos river was not yet completed, the
the river was crossed by ferry and there
was no railroad. The business houses were
on Bridge street more often called Frat
Row." and about the Square, the county
court house was where the City Hall is now.
Texas was passing through the terrors of
Reconstruction and more or less lawlessness
was not uncommon. The Jewish citizen,
though many of them had carried arms dur
ing the late unpleasantness, took little part
in the exciting politics of the times except
to cast their votes which was sometimes
done between double lines of armed negro
guards.
AS there was no organized congregation,
services were held on the holidays in a rent
ed room and at other times in some store
and often at our house. On Yom Kippur and
The Jewish monitor. (Fort Worth-Dallas, Tex.) 191?-1921, 1921-02-11

One of the early Jewish College graduates
of Texas, who never forgot that he was
an American and Jew. He was beloved
by all who knew him.
Rosh Ha Shanah peddlers and small me-
chants would come from fifty miles about
to observe and celebrate the holy days
These venturesome traders, ''lshmaels and
Hagars of Mankind" possessing little of
worldly goods rode on horseback or often
walked many weary miles that they might
worship with Jews and as Jews. l can feel
yet the fervor that hallowed those gather
ings, the simple but deep and sincere devo-
ton which stilled those troubled hearts and
made that little congregation united band
of brothers, sacrificing and faithful one to
another and devout in the worship Of the
God of our forefathers. Only the old songs
and-the old prayers born of travail in the
wilderness seem to be deep enough and true
toned enough to satisfy the religious yearn-
ings of the Jewish soul.
ut is a legend, ! know
A fable. a phantom, show
OF the ancient Rabbinical lore;
Yet the old MEDIEVAL tradition,
The beautiful, strange superstition
But haunts me and holds me the more"
The Jewish monitor. (Fort Worth-Dallas, Tex.) 191?-1921, 1921-02-11
Page Three


the weight of years and with trials almost
too great to bear, coming from every corner
of Europe, would meet and exchange stories
of mutual hardships and perils and renew
acquaintance formed in the old country.
Hospitality was genuine and generous and
every stranger found some hearth where
he was welcome guest. On Passover my
father and mother always gave "Sedar" to
the young men who were not living with
some Jewish family. / recall the long tables
loaded with simple but abundant viands the
joyous services and the after songs and
story telling which continued until mid
night. In the seventies came occasionally
pilgrim from far away Jerusalem, coming
as it were into the wilderness gathering
sheaves for needy brethren in the Holy
Land. There came also exiles and patriots
of poor partitioned Poland and they would
meet at my fathers house and sing the
strangely sweet songs and pathetic ballads
of their unfortunate country. When nee
essary my father officiated as Rabbi and
besides marrying the ardent young immi-
grants also acted as "schohet" for the very
orthodox who wanted their fowls killed ac-
cording to ritual requirement.
We children enjoyed the wedding, for we
were allowed to hold the poles of the bridal
canopy and share the cake which was the
gift of my mother to the bridal couple. The
Jewish community was now growing rapid
ly, in 1870 Waco had population Of 36lS
and of these probably fifty were Jews In
1872 B. Haber and A. S. Haber came and in
1873 J. |. Naman and Sam Sanger and his
family, and in 1874 Lehman Sanger and L.
Beer with their families.
Several families who observed the dietary
laws as to the preparing of meats, sent to
New York for little Mr.. Brown" as the
children called him, who became schohet for
the community and taught Hebrew to the
children. The first death in the community
"a child, occurred in 1869 and burial
ground was bought which was later added
to and is now Hebrew Rest" the most
beautiful cemetery in the city.
The Hebrew Benevolent Association was
formed in 1869, and later purchased Scroll
of the Law and conducted services on the
holy days and on special occasions. The earl
lest obtaininble roster of names shows the
following membership: A. Alexander, B.
Efrom Harry Levine, NJ. Goldstein, ].
Jacobs, S. Marx, A. Livingstone, J. Marx,
C. Friedlander, A. Cohen, ]. Fisher, Tom
Davidson, S. Newmegen, A. Lindenthal, A.
Baruch, A. Brachfeld. This association was
chartered under the State laws in 1878 and
has owned and controlled the Cemetery
since that time. It has taken care Of the
poor and needy of the Jewish community,
dispensed charity and looked after the sick.
Recently it has assumed the responsibility
of finding employment for immigrants COM
ing to Waco through the port Of Galveston.
The Jewish monitor. (Fort Worth-Dallas, Tex.) 191?-1921, 1921-02-11
Some Historical and Reminiscent Notes.
By the Late l. A. Goldstein, One of Wacos
Most Prominent Men.

prairies of Texas and mensced the white
settlers, the County of McLennan was or
ganized. Jacob de Cordova and Nathaniel A.
Ware owned and had laid off town known
as Waco village, and this was selected as the
county seat by the commissioners. The deed
before me shows that Ware was absent, and
Jacob de Cordova in their joint names on
the tenth of June, 1850, decided ito be held
for the use and benefit of the town forever,
without the right to sell, ALLEVIATE, donate,
convey or in any way dispose Of" ten feet
around the Waco spring, the public square,
the commons fronting on the river and all
streets, lanes and alleys. He also decided to
the city for school and church purposes
with the right to sell, the block Of ground on
South Third street later used by the Metho-
dist Female College, another half block on
South Fourth street and some twenty-one
lots in various parts Of the city. Thus the
first Jew who came to Waco was the only
man who has ever donated foot of land in
Waco for schools, churches, parks or other
public use.
A curious circumstance in this connection
is the fact that in the half dozen or more
histories of Waco and McLennan county the
name of Jacob de Cordova does not appear.
Neither Thralls History of Texas, nor any
other that have had access TO makes men,
ton of him, and yet he held several Of the
highest offices in the gift of the people Of
Texas. He lectured in the Eastern States
and in England about the resources Of Texas
and wrote book which Hamilton Stuart
said contained more information about
Texas than all the state papers issued by
her presidents, governors, comptrollers and
treasures combined"
He introduced Odd Fellowship into Texas
in 1888 under the first charter ever granted
outside of the United States, and he was
the first Deputy Grand Sire of the Republic
of Texas. When the State Grand Lodge met
in Waco in 1876, a portrait of Jacob de Cor
dova was presented to the Grand Lodge, and
in the presentation speech Captain M. D.
Herring paid glowing tribute to his men,
ory, and mentioned his services to the state
and his generous donation to the churches
and schools Of Waco. After de Cordova no
doubt some early Jewish pioneers may have
tarried briefly in the little village, but the
first records accessible mention that Alex
and Ben Alexander passed through the vii
lage in 1857, and that about 1865 Mannheim
Jacobs and young man by the name Of
Alexander had store here. About the same
time came Mr.. Minsingheim and Sol Rice,
and early in 1866 Ben Ettelson and later Sol
Lyons, /. w. Levine and l. Lyons. In 1867
Alex and Ben Alexander returned to Waco
to spend their lives here, and S. Marx and
Iayife came and also Isadore and Joe Gross
MAYER. About 1867 and 1865 came Asher
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16

Some day there win be figures on
the irreducible minimum of those who
play with death-persons who as fast
as you guard them against one danger
VIII discover another. The Indus
trial commission issues a warning
against gasoline deaths" BY this
it does not mean deaths from care
less misuse of motor vehicles, but
from careless misuse of gasoline.
The toll was five deaths ard Is
injuries for 1920, from causes as
inexcusable as lighting match to
see how low the gasoline was in the
tank, to installing gasoline for kero-
sene in starting a fire, says the Mil
waukee Journal. With infinite care,
labor and invention, we work out
safety devices, but You can never
make a man safe who insists on re-
naming a child who plays with
matches.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16
pgNMARK,s FORWARD STEP.


Beware of entrance to a quarrel"
was HamIet's dictum. The .Interna-
tional Peoples High school at Elsinore,
Denmark, has been founded in the
hope Of establishing those close re-
.ations of peoples which may wipe out
international mis- Misunderstanding from
the outset, and .aus finally end war
by teaching good will. 1t is bold
program. this effort to bring together
pupils from, the nations who were
actively engaged In the World war.
But Denmark is, perhaps, preemi-
nently fitted for the delicate task, be-
cause of It's location between Britain,
Germany and Russia, It's small size,
and its non-political ambitions, says
the Christian Science Monitor. Ell
IDENTIFY the founder of this home for
peacemakers intends to act upon the
injunction of the melancholy Dane,
when in reply to remark of the first
player: 'We have reformed that in
differently with US, sir" he exclaimed:
ooh, reform it altogether
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16

The American people spend twice
as much for automobiles as for edu-
cation, and three times as much for
cigarettes, cigars and tobacco. They
also spend twice as much for candy
and soft drinks as for education, and
six times as much for luxurious foods.
What is the matter with US, anyway
One statistician says: eve are ma
ton of sixth graders"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16

One of Edison's engineers claims 70
know an Englishman in this country
who has developed gun that win
throw fve-ton projectile 200 to 300
miles. Catch him and get it. We
don't want anybody in this country
running at large with that kind of
gun, says the Houston Post He might
hurt himself.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16
$4,000 Vehicles a Day.

What Is the busiest thoroughfare In
London? Most people would say Pic
cadilly circus or Trafalgar square, or
the streets converging on the Man
sion house. They would be wrong.
The greatest amount of traffic is at
Hyde Park corner. where something
like 44,o00 vehicles pass in the course
OF normal 12-hour day. piccadilly
circus comes next with $1,000.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16

whatever house the king Of Eng
land visits is his own property as
long as he remains in it. 1t would
be most opportune time to have the
plumber come with his bin for fixing
the kitchen sink.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1921-09-16

One of the minor mysteries Of life
is why a movie actress always has a
press agent who quotes her as say
ing such inane things. It can't be
that press agents have developed a
love of accuracy