davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seward gateway., 1921-01-28


 PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 28 James Lewis, consulting ngneer for the Bureau of Mines declared in address ast night that there was no danger of the world running ,ut of oil overnight but admitted that there must be derable economy practiced The supply is adequate fo Ill uses for which substitute exists He predicted tha n couple of generations resources will be found te supersede petroleum. The oil pordcution of the country last year reached four hundred and forty three million and half barrels The consumption reached the unprecedented total of five hundred and thiryone million barrels despite the increas production The end of the year showed net ncreas n petroleum stock of ten million
The Seward gateway., 1921-01-28

ARM WAGE REACHES HIGHEST POINT KNOWN
 WASHINGTON, Jan. 2S-Wage rates for farm labol cached the highest point in the history of the United ates last year according to the Department of Agcu ure figures.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

1920 they handled 244,000 cars of live
stock, meat. coal salt, etc, and col
lected freight charges amounting to
over $lS,00O,000.
Facilities for YaI ding.
The Union Stock Yards company
provides the facilities for yarding,
feeding, watering and weighing the
live stock that comes in and goes out
of the market each day. This COM
pany owns the stock yards, the Ex-
change building, the horse barn-in
fact, all of the buildings and i'm
provements in the yards proper, and
in addition they operate their own
railroad department, which handles
the business in the stock yards dis
trict, accepting the inbound cars at
the transfer point and delivering the
outbound cars back to the various
lines at the proper transfer points.
The Stock Yards company makes a
direct charge to the shipper for their
services i'll yarding and weighing
their live stock and they also make
a charge for the amount of the feed
actually fed to the various shipments
of live stock.
The general impression among
most people is that the stock yards
are owned by the packers. This is
not true in regard to the Omaha
stock yards. The facts are, and they
can be readily verified, that no pack
ing company owns share of stock
in the Omaha stock yards and that
the total holdings of all the packers
and members of their families inter-
ested in the Union Stock Yards COM
pany of Omaha amount to less than
% per cent of the total stock out
standing. There are 806 stockhold-
ers in the Omaha Stock Yards COM
pany, one-half of whom live in the
state of Nebraska. Included in the
list of stockholders are 800 males,
43l females, II educational and re-
ligious societies and 43 estates.
These 800 stockholders are scattered
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

over IS states in this country with
eight stockholders living abroad,
The stock in the Union Stock Yards
company is offered for sale occa-
sionally and can be purchased by
anyone desiring same and has always
been good investment.
BY Word of Mouth.
Under the system of trade now
in effect, everything is done by word
Of mouth and upon mans honor.
No written contracts are signed, nor
is any money paid down on sales or
purchases. On the contrary, a wave
of the hand or nod of the head
may close deal that involves as
much as $4,000 or 100000. The
vast volume of business transacted
in the limited time in which it is
done can only be handled where men
are absolutely on the square and
have confidence in each other. The
records for the year 1920 show that
there were handled at the Omaha
market 109,550 cars of live stock and
the statistics show that there is all
average of four transactions on each
load of live stock sold, which makes
approximately 100000 transactions
during the year. The matter Of trade
is so thoroughly understood that out
of this vast number of transactions
only eight disputes in trading were
serious enough to be taken before the
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

arbitration committee of the ex-
change, to which all disputes in trade
are referred, and out of the eight
disputes taken before the arbitration
committee, only two were appealed
to the appeals committee.
Remarkable Achievement.
This achievement is all the more
remarkable when one stops to con-
slider that there are 81 live stock
commission firms at the Omaha mar
ket, employing $50 statesmen and
about 80 firms of yard traders, em-
ploying approximately $50 buyers,
and add to this IS packer buyers
you have a total of 225 buyers. All
of these men start at eight o'clock
in the morning to sell or buy that
days receipts and taking it on All
average throughout the year trade
is mostly completed by noon. 1t
has taken years to build this sys-
tenn up to its present high degree
of efficiency, and honesty, and if
someone comes along and says he
has better plan we will want to be
sure that it is a better plan before
accepting it and breaking down the
system now in effect.
One of the most necessary factors
at any public market is the packers,
because they provide a cash market
for all kinds of killing stock every
business day in the year and at times
like these one can appreciate what
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

cash market means to any como
modify. More than a million dolI
lars day was paid out for live stock
purchased at the Omaha yards last
year, and of this amount a large
portion came from the packers.
Evolved From Experience.
Some there are, of course, who
would change the present marketing
system and it is doubtless true that
in some respects improvements
could be made and in time these i'm
provements will come. But the
present plan is not of mushroom
growth. 1t has been evolved from
the experience of the ages, a pc
culiarly American plan and pc
cularly adapted to the conditions ex-
isting in this country.
There are so many advantages in
the present live stock marketing
system that it is safe to predict that
in the market of the future none OF
these advantages will be sacrificed.
1t is equally safe to predict that
owing to its strategic position near
the geographical center of the coun-
try, on the natural route between
the vast producing territory of the
West and the great consuming
regions of the east, Omaha will al
ways be a great market, its future
growth and greatness to be COM
mensurate with the development of
the country.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

pay roll amounts to over $l3,000,000
annually. For the year the volume
of business varies from $500, 100000
to $+00000000, or daily turnover
at the banks of about $l,500, 900,
and this is all in cash, all transac-
tions at the market being strictly
on cash basis.
1t does not require much imagina-
ton to figure out what this vast
daily volume of business means to
the city. This $l,500,000 going
through Omaha banks and business
houses furnishes the very life-blood
Of commerce. In years of panic and
seasons of depression it has proven
life saver and has made Omaha the
metropolis of the state.
Cash Market.
To the country the market has
meant even more. 1t has meant that
the stock grower 500 miles west of
here has a cash market for every
thing he produces and he can realize
on his stock within "a hours of the
time they leave the pastures or feed
lot. The live stock market at Omaha
has added hundreds of dollars to the
value of every acre of land in west
ern Iowa, Nebraska and the west.
There are several very distinct and
separate organizations or lines of
business that 60 to make up the live
stock market, the railroads, the
Stock Yards company, the Live
Stock exchange, the Traders Ex-
change, the packers, South Side
banks and the Bureau of Animal
Industry.
The railroads haul the live stock
to the transfer point at the market
and haul the finished products and
feeder live stock out from the trans
fer point at the yards. All of the
railroad lines that enter Omaha
handle their live stock and meat busi-
ness through joint agency at the
stock yards. This joint Office now
has 81 employees and during the year
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
Total Head of Stock.


Omaha has been particularly for
tunate in the character of the men
who were given the task of estab-
fishing stock yards and packing
center here. In its 81 years his
tory only four men have held the
position of general manager, and
they were all real men-John Boyd,
w. N. Babcock, w. ]. c. Kenyon
and Everett Buckingham. 1t is no
disparagement of his predecessors in
office to say of Mr.. Buckingham
that it has been under his aggressive,
constructive and judicious manage
ment that the yards have reached
their greatest efficiency and the mar
ket has achieved its presnt COM
manding position.
Tremendous Business.
1t takes more than a combination
of stock yards, railroads and pack
ing plants to create great market.
however, and the live stock commits
sion merchants have been a most po-
tent factor in building up the tre-
mendous business at this point. The
Live Stock exchange, with its rigid
rules for the conduct of trading, its
high code of honor and the splen-
did personnel of its membership has
given the market an unimpeachable
character to the commercial world
as we'll as to the live stock produe-
ers everywhere.
Although Omaha is next to the
largest live stock market in the
country, there are plenty of people
in the city who have little idea of
the magnitude of the live stock in
dustry that is centered here. The
stock yards and packing district COW
ers an area of approximately a sec
ton of land and represents an in
vestment of over $50,000,000. The
yards proper cover probably ESQ
acres and contain upwards of 5000
pens, all paved with brick or con-
crete and equipped with every mod
ern device for handling stock prop
erly. Daily capacity is about 10000
cattle, $4,000 hogs and 100000 sheep.
and there have been many times
when this capacity has been taxed to
the limit.
On Cash Basis.
Fifty-four live stock commission
firms look after the stock that is re-
ceived every day and there are over
100 feeder buyers, order buyers and
traders on the market continuously.
Twelve packing plants, six of them
large, and half dozen smaller con-
Germs, furnish big demand for all
the stock offered and there is seldom
a time when any of the cattle, hogs
and sheep have to be, carried over to
the following day. There are ap-
proximately 10000 men and women
employed in the industry and the
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

ton, John A. McShane, Thomas
Swobe, John A. Creighton and
Peter F. Her, were the moving
spirits. A tract of land south OF the
city on what was then known as the
old Drexel farm was purchased
stock yards erected, and in the sum-
mer of 1884 the Omaha live stock
market became a reality.
Feeding Center Planned.
None of the promoters of the
stock yards ever dreamed of Omaha
ever becoming a leading packing
center. Their program was to make
this feeding station where cattle,
sheep and hogs could be fed and
rested on their journey to eastern
markets and where eastern packers
could come and purchase supplies
for shipment to their various and
widely scattered plants. 1t was only
a few months, however, until it de-
veloped that a stock yards plant
without a packing house was un-
economic. if not impossible.
Inducements were then offered G..
H. Hammond & Co., and in 1885
that packer opened up large house
adjoining the yards. In the same
year Fowler Brothers, and the
Anglo-American Provision company
erected plants and began operations.
Sir Thomas Upton followed year
or two later, this plant being later
taken over by the Cudahy Packing
company. In 1887 Swift & Co. be-
came a fixture here and in 1890
Armour & Co., put up their big
plant on Q street.
With the coming of these large,
modern packing concerns the busi-
ness began to grow by leaps and
bounds. The presence Of splendid
every-day-in-the-year market at
Omaha stimulated the production of
live stock in the west and north
west, so that at times it looked as if
supplies of cattle, hogs and sheep
would exceed the facilities for han
ding them here. This fear, how
ever, was groundless, and the follow
ing table of receipts for the past 81
years clearly indicates that the
growth of the market was practi-
cally coextensive with the develop
ment in live stock production:
Total receipts of stock at Omaha for
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
Stock Yards Here
In Years Grow
ToSecond mus
Remarkable Expansion Based
on System of Fair Dealing
and Honesty-Powerful
Factor in City's Growth.
BY BRUCE McCULLOCH.
Editor Journal-Stockman.

1t would be difficult to form any
thing like an adequate estimate OF
what the local live stock market has
meant to Omaha and Nebraska.
Imagine. if possible, the city and
state without this big industry To-
Gated where it is and one can have
a fair conception of what the pos
session of next to the largest live
stock market in the country has
done for the financial and CONNER
cial interests OF the metropolis as
we'll as of the farming and stock
raising industry of Nebraska and the
west.
In less than 40 years the live stock
market of this city has grown from
practically nothing to a position
second only to Chicago among the
live stock centers of the country
and this result has been achieved by
a favoring combination of circum-
STAGES and conditions. In the year
1884 the time was ripe for the estab-
lshment of a great live stock mar
ket and packing center in Omaha
and there were the men and the
capital ready to start the enterprise
and push it to success.
Product of Conditions.
The modern live stock market is a
product of conditions that arose or
existed shortly after the close of the
civil war, the centralizing of popula
ton due to industrial development,
the discovery and application of re-
frigeration on large scale and the
extension and development of rail-
road transportation throughout the
country.
Unquestionably, however, it was
refrigeration that made the modern
1--we stock market possible. Artificial
w cooled abattoirs and storage
houses brought about the develop
ment Of meat packing on large
scale and when George H. Ham
mond discovered that such highly
perishable product as fresh meat
could be transported for unlimited
distance in refrigerator cars it be-
esanc moral certainty that big pack
ing centers would be established at
points convenient for the gathering
of live stock and the distribution of
meats.
Promise of Growth.
This then was the situation along
in the '70's when Omaha was just
beginning to give promise of growth
to metropolitan proportions and the
big country to the west was pro
ducing a steadily increasing supply
of all kinds of live stock. The times
were propitious, but conditions were
not yet ripe and at least three am
bilious attempts at starting live
stock markets in the city failed prior
to 1880.
It was not until 1883 that a real
beginning was made. At that time
s( company was formed in which
Alexander Swan, William A. Pax
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

Lou Bick Commission Co.
Bliss & Son Commission Co.
Bliss-Wellman Commission Co.
Bowles Live Stock Commission Co.
Bryson Brothers Commission Co.
Buchanan & Son Commission Co.
Burke-Rickley Commission Co.
Byers Brothers Commission Co.
Clay-Robinson Commission Co.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

Clifton Commission Co.
Byron Glow Commission Co.
Corn Belt Commission Co.
Cox.Jones-Van Alstine Commission Co.
w. F. Denny Commission Co.
Donahue-Randall Commission Co.
Allen Dudley Commission Co.
Dworak-Stolinski Commission Co.
Farris-Marcy Commission Co.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

Lindley Commission Co.
Martin Brothers Commission Co.
Melady Brothers Commission Co.
Mutual Live Stock Commission Co.
Omaha Live Stock Commission Co.
John RaIston Commission Co.
Record Live Stock Commission Co.
Roberts Brothers & Rose Commission Co.
L. E.. Roberts Commission Co.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

teresting story contained in these
statistics that does not appear on
the surface. In 1885 the Omaha
market, If it had any rank at all,
stood 18th among the market CEN
ters of the country. Today this
market stands second only to Chi
caso in the volume of live stock
handled, having outstripped all COM
petitors except the great Illinois
metropolis.
Seven Leading Markets.
The standing of the seven leading
markets of the country is shown in
the following compilation of total
combined receipts of cattle, hogs and
sheep at these points for the year
1920.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

Rosenbaum Brothers Commission Co.
w. r. Smith Sheep Commission Co.
Standard Commission Co.
Tagg Brothers & Moorehead Com. TO.
Wagner & Dolezal Commission Co.
Williams & Sons Commission Co.
Winn Brothers Commission Co.
Wood Brothers Commission Co.
Geo. M. Wood Sheep Commission Co.
Wood Oswald Commission Co.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
Ship to Any Member and Secure the Most
Reliable Prices and Excellent Service

Advertisement Pdld for BY The FOLLOWING Members: i:
Fonda Commission Co.
Cant Live Stock Commission Co.
Great Western Commission Co.
Ingwersen Bros. L. S. Commission Co.
Interstate Commission Co.
Jackson-Signall Commission Co.
Laverty Brothers Commission Co.
Laird Commission Co.
Lee Live Stock Commission Co.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-03-13
1I9 NEW SCHOOL CHIEFS
...ARE ELECTED IN 8 DAYS
Al Divisional superintendent Are
Chosen, Except One From
q Scott County

Except that the Scott County Iii
vision school superintendent has not
btten chosen. the state Board of E,tu-
CA ION completed its election yCSt.r-
dan Of ll9 divisional school supcr!n-
tendcntS within the last three. days.
Decision in this ease Will he made
March "a. 1t MAS announced ycstcr-
day,
Tho recollection Of =. II. Wheatley.
for Danvi.ie. and /. y. SavcdEe for
Surry. WAS made by the board yes
tcrday. The board was addressed.
at its own request. by Mr. Savedgc.
Some opposition l. said to have been
made against his recollection Mr.
Wheatlcy. who was at first opposed
ora the part 81 one Dauvillc school
h lssa !, man, pS,ASnailyr appeared he
While the ria j,try of the contests
were submitted In writing. there
were many who appeared TO mako
oral statements in connection with
applications. The terms Of the new
superintendent Will begin July /
". u. Smith, the prcscm, Supcriu-
tondent In the scott County contest.
ia hC:nE opposed hy f.. ". Eugatc.
Both sides are bitterly fghtin. IN.
case. At first Smith ala not offer rs
= candidate 10 succeed himself and
q man by the name OF Stair was Of
fsrsh STAIR was Withdrawn later
aDd Smiths nam" substituted.
Two sessions each dag have been
held b. tn" board since Tuesday
morning. There were 1lg divisional
sGAooi SupcrIutyndents To he "l"CtCt,
each 10 serve term Of four ycar-.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-03-13
is SALVATION OF HOTEL
Between $4,000 and $4,000 Damage Is Done bv
Smoke and Water, Manager Declares Believe
Flames Originated From Lighted Cigarette

| Richmond Hotel. which was damaged
~ fire tate FRIDAY afternoon. yes
terday estimated the loss at between
fully covered by Insurance. Loss ac-
tua!iy caused hy the fire, however
Was very slight placed at less than
SicO. Smoke and water. proved to
! be the greatest enemy To the hotel
owners.
The fire originated in the paper
ron;n on the eleventh floor. In this
room All of tire waste paper is
dumped and afterwards baicd in
machine. The room was cleaned
thoroughly about noon ON the day of
the tire and SUCH refuse as was in
tn" room was the afternoons ac-
emulation.
Asked as to the probable cause OF
the firc. Mr.. Hockett advanced the
theory thu; lighted cigarette had
been thrown In trash basket by
one Of the guests and been cmpticd
Into the halcr by the maid. After
Smoulderins for some time ne he
licves that i, caused the paper to
Fred Eudncr. an e,nployo OF tho
hotel was asleep in the adjoining
room at the time OF the fire. and it
being awakened by the smell of
smoke.
The Richmond Hotel was proved to
pc absolutely iircproof by the fire.
Although the iuiianIuanlc material in
the room burned furiously. no darn
age was done by lire on the outside
adjoining was Kudner's room His
belonging We're untouched 10y the
blazc. On the other side was q store
room. used for the storing OF unused
mattresses They escaped however.
with a wcttinc
Every room on the eleventh floor
in the wing in which the fire was 10
Gated. was damaged by water and
smoke, The water stood on the con-
crete floor ankle deep in places and
great dfal Of this altered through
10 the floor below. causing plaster to
fall ant damartnc Wall paper.
~ no time were the guests in the
slightest danger. Those few who were
OF the floor =; the time OF the out
break Of tho fire were quickly taken
down stairs on the elevator Aftrr
The first Interruption. the diners be-
low con;!nUed their meal while the
Hawaiian orchestra played on
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-03-13
CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS
Z WILL HAVE busy WEEK
BG,inning With Streets Committee
6 Meeting, Several Important SeS-
sions Are Scheduled.
Will CONSIDER NUDGE
Three Members of School Board 10
fn, Elcctcd--Otlier Matters OF
City Interest VIII f;c brought Ip
FOR Consideration.

Members Of City Council have q
busy week ahead. BEGINNING at ;
o'.Jocl< tomorrow afternoon. when The
committec on Streets meets, scNcra,
IMPORTANT meetings are echcdulcd
Several rccomme ndatiune from Di-
rector Sav;lle concerning applications
for opening alleys ana widening and
improving streets in various sections
VIA! be received and acted upon by
The Streets Committee al o'clock
tomorrow.
4 petition from the Broad Street
Methodist Church. asking the estah-
lis5imrnt of correct hui!ding line
ON tho north side OF Broad street.
between Tenth and Eleventh. viii he
,aken up. and the questions OF open
ms Cleveland street and widening
William bnrS Avenue will also come
hctHre the committee.
AT $ u'c.uck tomorrow night the
Finance Committee VIII proceed with
consideration OF tho Mayors tentative
time the revenue features VIII be
discussed
Al It's last session, this committee
learned that many big real cstat.
ase"sSmcHt turned il by THE board
al assessors. although many Of them.
who appeared bgfpr. the comm !ttc.s
last week. declared that. IS necessary.
they would not ohjcCtto paying more
taxes for increased pay for school
Tea rhers lN
On Tuesday night ioint session Of
City Council will too held for the par
pose Of el.CtiuW three members OF
the School Board, whose terms expire.
TWCc Is no opposition 10 the iuCumb-
eDiS. 80 that tne meeting VIII he
mercy pcTfuuCtory.
EollnwiuS tho joint session. which
o. sAldermen will meet i'm regular Ses-
before il coming from the lower
branch and the various committees.
On ThurSday-St ratriCke Day
the Committee on ordinances Will
meet at $ o'clock. 1t is possible tho
SUBCOMMITTEE IN City flower may b.
ready 10 report, although there *
possibility that this question may
nd; be considered At this meeting.
Many citizens and organi2at ions are
responding 20 Chairman .Win;ree'. re-
duest giving suggestions as to tho
lnpst suitable flower.
.hu ordinance rla"in" all the tn
Sprctors, mctcr-r"aicrS ami similar
attaches of tn" Gas and Water be
rortments under control of the be
par;mcnt of Utilities, introduced hy
Councilman Rose at the last meet
ing OF Common Council, viii be con-
sianred.
: special meeting of the Commit
tee on Streets has been called by
Chairman Fuller for Wednesday night
TO; coneidcr the project OF remaining
and REMEMBERING streets. The meet
ing VIII be held AT s o'clock and Will
hG-o?cn To The public.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-03-13

1t Is hoped as far ak possible some
one :ntt,Ser OF each family viii DO
At acme be tween 2:3c and 4:3a
o'clock this afternoon 10 furnish tho
Information asked for. The mem
bcra OF the teams viii meet promptly
Thomas Church. The informatios
secured Will he placed In the hands
of the several pastors In 0inter
Park III. ,I-t. .
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-03-13

The hotel: despite it's frcproof ,sSn-
sisrustion,, is further protected by
Ihesc were not utilized FRIDAY for
some reason but Mr.. Hockett states
that nad the Fire Department CON
neSteu an engine To the plug on the
sinc Oh the building to force the wa
Ter ul'; they would have had suf-
hcicnt nose TO reach from one end of
tne building to the other, without
tak,ns the time TO connect city equip