davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1921-04-07
Fear Industrial Stagnation

London, April 7-(By the As
sociated Press) ~ With the
breakdown Of the conference be-
tween the coal owners and strik-
ing miners concerning the wage
dispute this morning and the al
most immediate decision of the
rail men to join the transport
workers and the miners of Great
Britain was trembling on the
edge of an industrial precipice.
The prime minister, Mr.. Lloyd
George, who had attempted media
tion, In the house of commons at mid
afternoon, made the significant state
ment that the issue raised was much
wider than that of wages. This inter.
preted generally as meaning that the
government and the miners, to all in
tents and purposes, were again at
grips over the old question Of nation
alization of the mines.
A Ray Of Hope. ID.
Some ray OF hope appeared in the
subsequent debate when j. r. Clynes,
chairman Of the parliamentary labor
party, and others, pleaded with the
prime minister to call the miners and
owners again together with neither
side Offering conditions as the basis
for reopening of negotiations.
One Of the members Of the miners
executive body, Samuel Finney, de.
clared the miners were willing to ne.
gotiate on this basis
Army and Navy Ready.
. Meanwhile, the representatives of
the railway men, the transport work.
ers and the miners were comforting
to decide what immediate st,,ls
should be taken to enforce the miners
demands. Both the railway and trans
port men have stated their intention
to give the miners full support bu.
no information was forthcoming as to
whether this would mean q nation
wide strike. H.s.@7"
The government, on the other hand.
continued its preparation I'd meet any
emergency with tfe employment o.
all the facilities OF the army and the
navy.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Rev. and Mrs. EShman Are
Honor Guests Of reception

The members and a few of the
friends of the Cumberland Presbyter-
ian church gathered in the church
parlors Monday evening to celebrate
with the pastor, Rev. S. II. Eshman.
and his family, the end of a very sue
cessful years work. 1t was especially
appropriate that the church celebrate
on this date, it being the seventeenth
wedding anniversary of the pastor
and his wife.
Mrs. X. F. +. Johnson and her sis
ter Miss Helen Morse, opened the
evenings entertainment with a pleas
ing piano duet, after which Mr.. A. b.
Newman, one of the ruling elders. al
so superintendent of the Sunday
school, made a short address express
ing the appreciation of the church for
Mr.. Eshman's work of the past year.
Representing the missionary society,
Mrs. Carl Wilson, in few well chos-
en- words, expressed the gratitude of
the members of the society for the
inspiration and help that their pastor
has been to them in their work. Very
graciously Mr.. Eshman responded to
these speeches, giving a summary of
his former work and also relating
some of the incidents of seventeen
years ago, to the delight of his audi
ence.
A very appropriate quartette was
sung by Miss Isabel Miller, Mrs. f. II.
Callahan, X. F. E. Johnson and Cliff
ford Wilson, with Mrs Robert Edmis-
ton as accompanist. Miss Miller gave
solo which was much enjoyed and
graciously responded to hearty en-
core.
The committee in charge served
neapolitan ice cream and < delicious
homemade cake.
AT this point two dainty little girls,
Mary Gene Crazy and Helen Morse.
came into the room bearing a beauti-
fully decorated basket piled, with love
y and useful presents for Mr.. and
Mrs. Eshman. from the several class
es of the Sunday school and members
of the church, and the gifts were
much admired and appreciated
Goodnights were said and all went
home feeling that very pleasant and
profitable evening had been spent by
all present.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

o. Cason was the lucky winner of the
cut prize, two dainty handmade hand
kerchiefs. The guest of honor was
the delighted recipient of a set OF
pretty silver salt spoons.
A delicious salad course accompan-
led by hot grape juice was served
Miss Effie Pritchett and Miss Eliza
beth Love assisting the hostess. Lit
tie bags of rice tied with white and
yellow were given as favors and the
guests endeavored to secure an OppOr-
tune time to make use Of them, but
listened to the entreaties of the bride
elect and reserved them for later use.
Mrs. Pelham's guests on this de-
lightful occasion were Miss Elizabeth
Pritchett, Mrs. w. L. King, Mrs. F.
A. Grether, Mrs. L. o. Cason, Mrs.
NJ. F. Hetherington Mrs. r. Raleigh
Sullivan. Mrs. Ray Weeks, Mrs. Barn
well Fuller, Mrs, William Steitz, Miss
Ruby Turner, Miss Julietta Patterson,
Miss Corinne Patterson, Miss Evie
Key. Miss Myrtle McRae, Mrs Paul
Henderson, Miss Gladys Wilson. Mrs
X. T. Haynes, Miss Eugenia Bouch-
ard Miss Evelyn Cowdery. Mrs. Will
liam Pritchett, Miss Thelma Pritch-
EFT. Mrs. Robert Mckinney Mrs. g.
r. Hickey. Mrs. John F. Wilson. Mrs
Clarence Smith, Miss Katherine Kauf-
man. Miss Evie Key and Miss Geor-
gia Pelham.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Miss Margaret Patterson Is
Hostess at DeIiuhtful Party

Miss Margaret Patterson enter
tanned the social club of which she is
a member at her home on South Mis-
souri, avenue, Tuesday afternoon, and
the occasion was very delightful
Rose-o-the-mountains and other cut
flowers were used in a graceful dec
Grafton scheme, and tables were ar
ranged for hearts, dice and bridge
Miss Eva Davis made the highest
score at bridge and received as a
prize a box of lovely powder. Miss
Mary Miller was the winner at hearts
dice and was presented with box of
dainty talcum powder.
A delicious salad course, accompan-
led by hot chocolate and minis com
posed the delightful refreshments.
which were served in prettily ap-
pointed trays, bearing dainty bou-
quets.
Miss Pattersons guests were Miss
Nell Booth. Miss Eva Davis, Miss
Nannette Gilmore. Miss Mary Weav-
er. Miss Frieda Rogers, Miss Kitty
McRae. Miss Frances Holland, Miss
Margaret Law, Miss Marjorie Hether-
ington, Miss Meeky DeVane Miss
Evelyn Yarnall, Miss Doris Mayes.
Miss Grace Murrell, Miss Julia Mae
Won Seutter, Miss Vesta Todd, Hattie
Belle Reddick, and Miss Mary Miller
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Miss Folks Class Gives
Birthday Dinner to Members

The class of Miss Sarah Polk in
the First Methodist Sunday School,
following pretty custom of the class,
gave a birthday dinner Tuesday noon
at the Mems Bible Glass rooms to
those of the members who were born
in October of November, the October
dinner having been postponed be-
cause of the storm.
The bountifully spread table was
decorated with vases of roses, and a
pink rose adorned each plate Each
of the nine honorees was given a
small bouquet of white JASMINE to
wear for the OCCASION a
Following the delicious repast each
Of the honor guests gave short talk
recalling some happening of a pre-
vious birthday, and this feature was
much enjoyed.
Twenty-one members of the class
we're in attendance, the guest Of
honor being Mrs William Hall, Mrs
Houghton, Mrs. J. w. Layton, Mrs
Blanche Starlin, Mrs. J. A. Cannon
Mrs. Nettles, Mrs. H. E. Ward, Mrs
McNeal, Mrs. S. E. Gryson, Mrs. B
H. Carter and Miss Fannie Blanken
ship.
After the social hour, the week.,
prayer meeting was held by the class
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
EPISCOPAL LADIES
TO HOLD CHRISTMAS
BAZAAR NEXT WEEK

The Womans Service Leogue OF AL
Saints Episcopal Church will hold its
Christmas bazaar Saturday, December
10. in Mum Park, and those who re-
member it's bazaar of last year viii
need no urging to induce them to
visit the display.
The ladies have had this event in
mind fer months and many pretty and
clever articles have been made for
the fancy work booth, making this
an IDEAL place for Christmas shopping.
Good things to eat will also be fea-
lures, and lunches will be sold on the
grounds.
The proceeds will go to the COM
muuity house fund.
LedU lIlSH - - . =
Belfast, Nov. 90.-(By the Associat-
ed Press. premier Craig is report
ed to have told Premier Lloyd George
early in the Irish peace negotiations
that, if the Ulster parliament or PEG
pie even entertained the British pro"
posals for an all-Irish parliament he
would resign as premier Of Ulster
This was disclosed by Sir James yes
terday in the Ulster parliament in the
course of his report on the status OF
the peace movement. An all-Irelano
parliament, which was the basis of the
British offer, was not to be thought
OF, under present conditions" he
said, but the Ulster government was
prepared to discuss other avenues fol-
settlement.
Sir James reiterated that Uustei
wanted a settlement, and said:
IF there is any prospect Of the Sim
Fem showing sense, even at this late
hour. we will renRw ths offer that
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
DixieIand Young Folks
Have jolly Wiener Roast


The Hustlers class of the Dixie
land Methodist Sunday school en-
ioyed a most delightful marshmalow
and weiner roast last evening at the
Philips home on Lake Hollingsworth.
Upon their arrival they were seated
around huge bonfire, built on the
spacious lawn in front of the house.
and engaged in progressive CONVERSE
ton until all the members arrived,
whereupon various outdoor games
were enjoyed by all. After firing of
this everyone gathered around the
glowing Goals and had the best time
of the evening roasting and eating
marshmallows, wieners and pickles.
The members present were Misses
Lois Robertson, Dorothy, Phyllis and
Winifred Hawkins, Mildred Snyder,
Ted Bader and Lucy Wilkinson. and
Messrs Leon and Herbert Williams,
Leon Plumley. Glen Busing, Delbert
Snyder, Julius Philips, George Phil
Ups, Edwin Robertson and Sumner
Cooley
Among others present were Mr.. and
Mrs. Monds. Mr.. and Mrs. Philips, Mr.
Williams. Miss Mildred Fletcher, Mr..
CLANCY and Mr. Bradley.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Gunn-Long

Joseph F. Gum and Miss Eula- Long
We're married Monday afternoon at
6 O'Clock at the residence of the Rev.
c. c. Evans, pastor Of the First Bap-
fist church in Mulberry.
The young couple were accompan-
led by Mr.. and Mrs. c. r. Cardwell
and Miss Louise Gum. who Witnessed
he ceremony. Mir. and Mrs. Gum
returned to Lakeland following the
wedding. but are leaving for a tour
Of the East Coast, after which they
will make their home in Lakeland
The charming bride is the daughter
Of Mr. and Mrs. S. w. Long OF West
Hunter street, and has many friends
70 wish her much happiness in her
married life
The groom is the son Of Mr. and
Mrs. b. X. Gum, OF West Hunter
street He is associated with his ia
Their in the Gum PLUMBING Company
and is popular in both business and
social circles.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
will MAKE oEEIcIAL visit

The December conclave of Lake
land Commandery No. 81, Knights
Templar, will be one of the most i'm
portant meetings of the year. At this
gathering ON Friday evening in the
Masonic hall the Order of the Ten.
pie will lie conferred Ev Commander
Geo. ]. Tolson and his officers in the
presence of Erie L. Writ of Barlow,
captain.general of the Grand Com.
mandery of Florida and other visit
ors. Mr.. Writ will make his official
visit of inspection and will be accom-
panied by large delegation Of
Knights Templar from Barlow com
mandery.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Mrs. Pelham Entertains
Honorinu Miss Pritchett

Miss Elizabeth Pritchett, the pres
ent bride-elect of Lakeland society,
was again the charming guest of hon
or Tuesday afternoon, when Mrs.
Lewis Pelham delightfully."- enter
tanned at her home on South Tonnes
see avenue.
The rooms were frightened with
bowls of dwarf chrysanthemums in
yellow and white. the same colors be
ing used in other details of the charm
ing affair.
Adorable kewpie brides decorated
the TALES and the guests were soon
engrossed in the fascinating game OF
bridge. Mrs. NJ. F. Hetherington made
the high score and was presented
with a lovely manicure set. Mrs. l.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
GAME ASSOCIATION

Pursuant to the action of the last
meeting of the association at Barlow,
the next meeting of the Polk County
Game Protective Association will be
held at the Chamber of Commerce
rooms in Winter Haven on Wednes-
day, Nov. 80, 1921, at s o'clock p. m.
All persons interested in the protec-
ton of fish and game in accordance
with law are urged to meet with the
members of this association at the
meeting.
f. l.. HUME, President.
KELSEY BLANTON, Sec.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

through the machinery of Il council
OF Ireland, we are prepared to meet
them and discuss those matters so
vital to the interest and prosperity Of
cur province.
We are also prepared to enter into
competition to see whether the north
or south can produce the better gov
eminent"
He declared that the Sim Fem
would find it impossible to gain con-
troll IF Ulster and that they should
take the advice of Premier SHUTS OF
the Union Of South Africa during his
! last visit to England that by no power
could Ulster be coerced into accel
lance of a subordinate position.
The only way her opponents could
ever hope to secure Ulster. he said
was by winning her-by starting on,
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Social and Personal
Presbyterian Ladies Meet
With Mrs. j. A, RatcIiff

Circle No. of the Ladies' Auxil-
larry of the First Presbyterian church
held an enjoyable meeting Monday af
ternon with Mrs. J. A. Ratcliff, at her
home, 527 East Orange street.
Thirteen ladies were present. The
circle voted to undertake to help edu-
cate an orphan girl at Lacoochee In
stitute in Georgia, as the special
work for this winter.
A piano solo by Mrs. w. P. Pillans
was much enjoyed.
Delightful refreshments consisting
of pineapple sandwiches, homemade
cake and punch, were served by the
hostess.
The January meeting will be held
with Mrs. Murray on Vistabeula St
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
REVIVAL WELL ATTENDED

The series of revival services to be
held at the Free Methodist church by
Rev. NJ. c. Ballew Of Sanford, got a
good start at Tuesday nights meet
ing, although the weather interfered
somewhat with the attendance. The
church was fairly well-flled and the
interest was excellent. The evangel
lists remarks were on the general
topic of making use of the materials
in hand, and were in the nature Of an
Introductory address.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
LAkELANp,s WEATHER

The cool weather so greatly de-
sired by the truck growers and so
necessary in bringing to perfection
Polk county's great citrus fruit
crop, is causing general satisfac-
ton on the part of home folks
who were growing just little
tired of August weather right up to
the first of December. The tenn
perature today had ranged from ~
to 60 degrees up to tbs noon hour.
Tonight and tomorrow will prob
ably be fair and continued cool.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
LOSE MEANT SON

Mrs. Hattie Brown, Of OF South
Florida avenue, is in receipt OF the
sad news of the death of the infant
son of DR.. and Mrs. Coleman Brown,
Of Yale, Oklahoma, where the little
one passed away on Thanksgiving
day. DR.. Brown is a former Lakeland
boy and has many friends here who
will sympathi2e with him and Mrs
Brown in the loss of the baby, who
was their first child
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
A GOOD GOLF SCORE
lBartoW Record

Par at the Barlow links is So, Not
withstanding, Richard ID. Pope of Win
ter Haven recently played 1892 for
an even 20. cutting down the record
from II. The 80 was remarkable in
the fact that the first five holes con
tanned four brides and par was
equaled for the rest of the round.
The score for the first five holes was
fifteen. or even threes. Pope was play
ing with Cameron Trent, profession
al; Frank Seymour and e. H. Ewing
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
LacOniCS
WILL TRADE SPEAKERS

The Lakeland Elks and the Tampa
Elks seem to be swapping speak
ers for Memorial Day, which occurs
next Sunday. Hon. II. j. Drane OF
Lakeland will address the Tampa
Elks, and Hon. Doyle Carleton of
Tampa will be the speaker at the
Lakeland service, which will be held
in the Elks hall Sunday afternoon at
8 O'clock.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Woman's Club to Observe
Federation Day Tomorrow

Tomorrow afternoon at the club
building, the Woman's Club will OBJ
serve Federation Day, and the main
feature of the program will be the re-
ports from the delegates to the recent
meeting of the Florida Federation.
Musical numbers will be given, as
usual, under the direction of the mu-
sic committee.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
MOVING TO TAM PA

The many friends of NJ. am. Mrs.
Virgil McRae and their charming lit
tie daughters will regret to know that
they are moving to Tampa to hale
their home. Their residence at 44
West Lemon, street has been sold to
r. = hSGI v ~It{
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
RED CROSS TONIGHT

The order of the Red Cross will be
conferred at special conclave Of
Lakeland Commandery No. 81.
knights Templar, commencing at7:30
o'clock this evening in the Masonic
hall Commander Geo. J. Tolson will
also have a rehearsal of the work in
preparation for the official visit OF
inspection to be made by Erie L..
Writ, of Barlow, on Friday evening.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
Commercial Travellers
Will STAGE Biu Dance

One of the most enjoyable dances
of the season will be that held Fri
day night at the Elks' Home by the
United Commercial Travellers, who
are leaving no stone unturned to
make the affair a big success. The
Warren-Wright orchestra, of Winter
Park, will furnish the music.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Hale is loud in his praise for the peo-
pie of Lakeland and reports an en-
ioyable trip. He says. that he especi-
ally enjoyed the many auto rides,
sumptuous dinners and the pleasure
of dancing with the beautiful young
ladies with which Lakeland is so
bOuntifully blessed
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
PLEASED WITH LAKELAND
(Williston Progress.

G. P. Hale, aged, but hale and
hearty veteran Of the Civil war, and
a well-known citizen OF Willjston and
1evey county. returned to his home
here Friday after spending pleas
ant visit in Lakeland in attendance
at the reunion Of the U. G. v. Of
Florida held there last week, Mr..
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
MILL HOLD RAzAAR

The ladies OF the Dixieland Meth.
odist church will hold their annual
bazaar at the primary room Thursday
and Friday of this week, and many
well as a period when the ladies ex-
pect to increase their fund for church
work -.t 4-
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Kenneth Warren and Lawrence
Wright of the Warren-Wright Orches-
ira 'of Winter Park are visitors to
Lakeland, guests of Mr.. Warren's par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. George Warren of
the Marvin Hotel.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Mr.. and Mrs. G. J. Belt, who re
Gently sold their home in Orange
Park to E. F. Eaton, have moved to
their new home at Ala West Lemol.
which they recently purchased from
Virgie McRae.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Mr.. and Mrs. A. o. Jones, we'll
known winter residents of Lakeland,
have returned after spending the
summer at their northern home in
East Hampton, Long Island, and are
at their home on Orange Park Ave
nue..
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30
TO TELEGRAM SUBSCRIBERS

Telegram readers receiving their
copy of the Telegram by carrier are
requested to telephone 81 whenever
the paper is not delivered by 1880
D. m. Delivery of missed copies is
made not later than p. m.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Mr.. and Mrs. T. w. Getzen, Of
Osceola Street, had as their guests
Sunday, Mrs. GetZen's mother and
sister, Mrs. H.. B.. Connolly and
daughter Mary, Mrs. w. C. Bray and
daughter Clara, and Miss Clara Mil
Ter, all of Sanford
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

The many friends of Mrs. Louis
Seirup, of 91S North Street, will re-
greet to know that she has been Sc
riously ill following the birth of a
daughter Sunday. Mrs. Seirup, who is
better known to her friends as Miss
Leona Startling, is better today
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Henderson have
returned from visit of several
days at Webster, where they were
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Marcus Bos-
tick, Mrs. Bostick having formerly
been Miss Winifred Streator7 of Lake
land z :
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

w. NJ. Lawler, of Tampa, is the
guest of his parents, DIR. and Mrs. S.
w. Lawler of Johnson Avenue.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Mr.. and Mrs. f. c. Hitler were Wis
itors to Tampa Tuesday. afternoon.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1921-11-30

Mrs. E. E. Cox of Sanford was the
guest Sunday of Mr.. and Mrs. c. L..
Willoughby of North Iowa Avenue.
Evening star., 1921-04-04
Today's News
In Paragraphs

L. S. backs allies. reply to GERMANY
says. Page /
President decides on positive stand
against league covenant. Page /
Post Office Department to have welfare
bureau Page 1
Harding Democratic Club calls at White
House and receives Presidents thanks
for campaign support. Page j
Washington Virginia railway patrons
protest to Interstate Commerce. Com.
r mission on increase in passenger
rates. Page
Hungary to evict Charles at once
Page
National prosperity week vii; lie oh.
served this week by many commune
ties In an enort to stimulate busi-
ness Page
favor original memorial offer. PAGE
Officers arrestfng women shot dead bv
man who then kills himself Pare /
Twenty state governors see steady ,s.
turn to normal business conditions.
Page 3
D. c. Court Of Appeals holds Ioife,,n.
law does not apply to Terminal Taxi
cab and Auto Livery companies.
Flying columns Of republican army
operate in five Irish counties.
Page 3
Lloyd George to- discuss coal str,k.
situation today in commons. Page IA
Thirty nations to attend trade confer.
ence. Page 13
Annie Louise Cary. famous singer. dead
at are of seventy mine. Pare "a
Intercollegiate Liberal League, repre-
senting twenty-seven colleges, formed
at Harvard. Page 13
Man accused Of staying fiancee declares
she committed suicide because Of
postponed wedding. Page is
Evening star., 1921-04-04
IMMIGRANTS RETURNED
WITH BOGUS PASSPORTS
TO COME BACK TO U. S.

NEW YORK. April 4.-Several
hundred immigrants. mostly wom-
en- and children. who recently were
sent back to Europe after having
appeared at Ellis Island with
fraudulent passports, will be re-
turned to this country and per-
mitted to land.
This announcement was made
here today 10y Harry H. Schlact,
head of the commission on inn
migrant lid at Ellis Island. who
: said he had received word that
Secretary of State Hughes had
given<instructions to all American
consnlates in Europe to return to
this country all persons returned
With the false documents. Mean
while, the Department of State is
investigating the source Of the
bogus papers.