The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-01-03
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The World war was formally ended
January 10 when Germany and four
teen Of the powers allied against hel
in the war exchanged notifications oil
the Treaty Of Versailles at Paris. The
United States however, was moi
among the nations participating in this
ceremony, as the treaty had not been
ratified by the senate.
The League of Nations came into
actual being at Paris January 16 when
the executive council held its first
meeting with representatives from Bel
GUM, Brazil, England, Italy, France,
Japan, Greece and Spain participant
ing.
The Russian government made a
step toward securing peace with its
warning neighbOrs by concluding
treaties with Ukraine and Esthonia.
The Turkish peace terms were com
pleted on March 3, and week later
the Allies decided to use force to i'm
pose the terms upon Turkey, sending
troops to occupy Constantinople. The
allied forces occupied the Turkish
capital without opposition
Polish troops began spring often
sive against the Russian BoIsheviki in
the Baltic region on March %. Warsaw
reported heavy fighting at many points
on the 4OO-mile front. Three days lat
err Poland offered peace terms to Rus
STA, providing for restoration of the
kingdom of 1872, return of art and
other treasures, and an indemnity for
invasions since 1914. Polish troops adj
ministered a severe defeat to the Boil
sheviki at Podolia April IL.
The Poles and Ukrainians negotiat-
ed treaty on April q, recognizing
Ukrainian independence from Russia.
A combined army of Poles and Ukra:n-
ians then LAUNCHED an offensive against
the Russian "Red' forces, capturing
Kiev on May and the great port of
Odessa on May II.
Bolshevik troops invaded Persia at
Astara May 10, forcing the withdrawal
of British troops. Bolshevik troops
on the Polish front were REINFORCED
and launched an attack on ninety
mile front, seeking to open communi-
cation with East Prussia. On June 3
they succeeded in thanking and driving
back General Pilsudski's Polish troops.
The supreme council continued its
n nj LOFT fhp al
ments. The treaty With Hungary was
signed June at Versailles, Ambassa-
dor Wallace signing for the United
States. Turkey was, granted fifteen
days additional time to present it's
views regarding the treaty with that
country.
While these peace negotiations were
in progress, fighting continued at many
points. Over 300 Italian prisoners were
killed by Albanians at Tirana on June
Is In retaliation for the assassinatio
of Essad Pasha IN Paris on June 10.
Supported by British troops and bat
tleships at Malta and ConstantinopIe,
the Greeks began campaign to GUST
the Turkish Nationalists from parts of
Asia Minor.
On July the BoIshevik troops cap
tured Rovono, throwing the Poles into
retreat on the entire front. Poland
opened negotiations for an armistice
and these continued for week when
1t was reported that Russia had or
dered the postponement of the nego-
tiations and the capture of Warsaw.
Bolshevist troops captured Lomza and
and began drive on
Lemberg August l. During the next
two weeks they continued to advance
and on August II We,e within twelve |
miles Of Warsaw. The Polish capital
seemed doomed, but on the 18th the |
Poles launched great counter-of-
fensive and drove the Bolsheviki back
In disorder. Heartened by the crush
Ing blow given the Russian forces.
the Poles rejected the Bolshevik peace
terms
In the meantime. on August II, the
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