davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
HIGH. COST OF CHARGING
1t Is Easy to Say charge IT."
but the Bill Must Be Paid.


BY EDGAR TAYLOR WHEELocK.
Copyright. 1921. American Press League.)
Let it be understood at the beginning
that CREDIT is the foundation of all
business transactions; that without
credit commerce and industry as they
are known in civilized countries
would be impossible.
Misuse of Good Thing.
But there is a point beyond which
credit becomes q danger rather than
blessing. That point is reached
when the head of a family opens
charge accounts with merchants.
1t is too easy to buy on charge
account; all that is required is to say
charge it, the real problem is pre-
Sented when it becomes necessary to
make the contents Of the pay envelope
stretch to cover the bills, when due.
How H. c. L. Got in Its Work.
Arcadia is, or was, town of about
1000 inhabitants; it was railroad
division point and the home Of an
industry employing several hundred
the railroad and the large industry
paid their employees monthly and it
was natural for all of these people to
open charge accounts with local mer-
chants, settlement being made after
each pay day.
The result was that the living cost
in that town mounted. 1t costs mon
ey to carry accounts from month to
month and, when the bad debts are
added as another item which must be
borne by the people who pay their
| bills, the increase in the cost of living
| is accounted for.
One result of the general adoption
of the credit system in Arcadia was
| that the farmers of the surrounding
territory, who were generally prosper
Gus and had money in the banks, were
driven away by the high prices
charged by local merchants and took
! to trading with the, mal-order houses
and at the neighbOring towns and
villages.
A System by Which Everyone Lost.
This was the situation when the
main industry moved to another state
and the railroad company moved it's
division headquarters to a junction
point some miles away.
The loss of these two sources Of
business put crimp in Arcadian
merchants. They had been independ-
ent before, for their customers could
not get away. They had a merchants
association and protected themselves
through agreements and cooperation !;
the charge accounts did the rest.
But their regular customers had
moved away and carried their credit
sending their cash to the big city
mail-Order houses.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
HISTORY REVEALED BY DEBRIS
Interesting to Speculate What Future
Explorers Will Think Of That
of the Present Day.

When the archeoiogist wishes to
know which of two civilizations is the
older he seeks a place where the debris
of one is piled upon that of the other
-superpoSitiOn, he calls it, Clark
WisSler writes in Harper's. Again, if
he wishes to determine the periods in
the development of a single city he
seeks out the places where the daily
refuse was dumped. Naturally, the
bottom of the dump is the older, the
top the most recent. Experience has
shown that pottery decorations and
styles are subject to frequent changes
and that where pottery is made numer-
Gus fragments find their way to the
dump, where they form successive lay
ers in order Of their dates.
The first effective use of this method
was in the valley of the Nile, where
lies the refuse of the ages, In the
strata of which was found the key to
the history of early Egypt. The same
method has been applied to the valley
of the San Juan in New Mexico, in
which lies the Animas river Nand this
ruin, and to the neighboring valleys
where similar ruins are found. The
extensive researches of Kidder, Nor
ris and Nelson have established Il rela-
tive chronology for the pottery types
in this valley.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
FARMER is URGED TO INVEST LESSlN
LAND AND MORE IN BETTER LIVING

One Of the first facts to recognize Id
the discussion of the problem is tha'
the complex division of labor and eA-
change of goods which characterize
our modern industrial system is in the
main on a voluntary basis. Each clu-
zen is free to work more or less as
he sees fit. Each producer is free 10
choose whether he will produce one
product or another and to choose ms
time of selling. In fact, our modern
system is the realization of an indus
trial democracy of a very high type IN
which individual freedom is preserved
to remarkable degree. How perfectly
this free Industrial system will work
in bringing about justice in distribu-
ton depends very largely upon the In
telligence of all engaged in the proc
esses involved in producing, transport
ing and resale Of the products, and
upon the intelligence shown by each
family group in making purchases
upon the markets.
information Is Needed.
The starting point in increasing the
intelligence is the collection and the
clarifying of the facts regarding the in
dustrial world Of today in all of its
functionings. This means a knowledge
of economic geography and a knOWi-
edge Of the processes involved in agri-
culture, manufacturing and commerce.
The matter involves a careful study OF
the costs of every product and of every
service
Perfect knowledge Oh these subjects
would go far toward the solution of
the problems of an equitable distribu,
ton of the nations annual dividend.
1t is undoubtedly true that cost ac-
counting is much more common on the
part of manufacturers than on the part
of farmers. The manufacturer who
knows his costs produces the things
Ia can sell at profit and onaits tila&e
thSngx for whbeh he cannot secure an
ssdsqzsase price. When farm eest aae-
counting has become the rule instead
of the exception, there will be less and
less farm produce sold for less than
cost.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
DEALS BLOW TO OLD THEORY
Writer Points Out FalIacy of Suppo-
sition That PrehIstoric/ Men
Were All Savaees.

The notion that all prehistoric men
were bruteS and SavagcS dies hard, d
notion which has been spread by pO-
cts, painters and sculpt0rs as well as
by many thOughtless prehistorians. A
theOretic rebuttai is afforded in the
simple consideration that any tribe ia
which brutal and savage elements ppe-
dominated would have undergone a
retrOgressive social and racial devel-
Opment and would never have attained
the superb qualities which we discOv-
ef in many Of the Eurasiatic races
Immediately On their enerSence from
the sO-called savage state. Man is not
a savage because he dresses in skins
and uses stone and wooden weapons;
he may be savage while riding ia an
automobile and using rifle. 1.-THE
New Stone Age liz Northern Europe"
by John NJ. Tyler, is refreshing for
those who desire to bury the primitive
savage theory once for all and to give
our prehistoric ancestors credit for
our fundamental virtues, both mental
and spiritual, as we'll as to excuse
them for certain customs which have
only recently disappeared from our
own civilization. Altogether, the new
Stone age covered not only very long
period of time, but one of great cul-
tural progress, partly autochthonous,
but more largely introduced from the
East. The varied industries of the
era, the valuable implements, the trade
in salt, gold, copper and amber, the
mining for flint, indicate people equal,
if not superior, to the average inhabi-
tantS Of the same regions of Europe
ut the present time.-Henry Fairfield
Osborn In the Literary Review.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18

must ultimately be added to the price
of the goods, it nevertheless remains
true that prices are not made by add
ing up costs on any particular goods.
1t is because Of this latter fact that
individuals can so act as to effect say
ingS without causing, what to them
would be an adverse effect on the
price of the goods. For instance,
should a group Of farmers by combin-
ing, be able to get their produce into
market at a saving of 10 per cent,
there is no danger that the price viii
suddenly drop so as to nulIffy the adj
vantage. On the other hand should
the advantageous method become gen
eral, the results would be diffused and
society at large get the benefit.
The resort to direct marketing
either by mail or through municipal
markets is good as far as it goes, but
it goes very small way. The cost
of these direct marketing ventures is
nearly always equal to or greater than
the gain. The farmer might make a
good retail merchant, but he seldom
makes a good retail merchant and
farmer combined The housewife is
in most cases an intelligent purchaser
of goods for home use, but it is not
clear that 1t pays her to leave home
two afternoons in the week with a
basket on her arm in order to COM
pete against the telephone and the
delivery boy
Panaceas Do Not Work.
Neither resort to big stores nor
to little stores has as yet taken the
friction out Of marketing Panaceas
have failed. AS one takes a birds
eye view Of the map, even of the
United States, and contemplates. the
fact that the bread and meat basket
is the Middle West, while half Of the
people live east of Illinois, and di-
vfded another way almost half south
of the Ohio river-he must recognize
that these people are all fed. The
marketing system with all of it's de-
fects gets the wheat from North Da-
kOta to Florida, the bacon from Iowa
to Massachusetts, and the cheese from
Wisconsin to Alabama. Furthermore,
we call upon the four quarters Of the
globe for contributions for daily home
use.
The system works and we must use
tive must not, however, consider 1t
perfect. Perfection may never be
reached, but we may make improve
ments in marketing methods that will
release great amounts of human effort
that should go into something other
than friction. The first requisite is
After the information Is
available more specific programs may !
be made.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18

just his production to their demands.
Instead of looking to the direct sat
isfactiOn derived from consuming the
products of his labor, he must now
look to the satisfaction derived from
the goods for which he is able to eX-
change his products in deciding
whether he is receiving adequate COM
penSatiOn for his efforts.
Thus the development of commercial
agriculture has brought the farmer
face to face with the problem of an
equitable distribution of the proceeds
of the joint activities of all those en-
gagged in gainful occupations, whether
it be the merchants, the manufacture
ers, the public carriers, the profess
siOnal men, the farmers, or those in
the many minor occupations.
Ask Production Cost Plus.
In recent years farmers as a class
have become conscious of this prob
lem in distribution and have been more
or less active in suggesting resaet&eA-
The solution popular toHay in fas1n
literature is that of guaranteeing the
farmer ''Fcost of production plus a fair
profit" often made specific by saying
cost plus per cent"
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Good Queen Bess" of England.

Elizabeth the Good Queen Bess"
OF England, whose reign from 1868 to
1908 w&S one Of the most glorious
periods In the history of her country,
was the daughter of Henry VIII and
his second wife, the famous Anne
Boleyn. When Anne fell from favor
and was beheaded. the young princess
was declared illegitimate and for a
time had an unhappy life. Finallys
however, she was given her place in
the succession, after Edward and
Mary, and during Edwards reign she
lived a peaceful life While Mary was
on the throne Elizabeth was more or
less an object of suspicion, for it was
well known that she had been brought
Id a Protestant, but at Mary's death
in 1858 her right to the throne was
unquestioned. The great issue con-
fronting her was that of religion. She
restored Professionalism, reinstated the
English Book of Common Prayer and
asserted the royal supremacy over the
church, but she avoided fanaticism
and. showed herself willing to call to
her aid Catholic as well as Protestant
ministers.-Kansas City Star.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Be YOUR OWN CREDITOR
Sell Yourself a Bank Account on
the InstaIIment Plan.
BY EDGAR TAYLOR wHEELock.

BY EDGAR TAYLOR WHEELocK.
| Copyright 1921, American Press League)
1t can be done. More than eleven
million men, women and children
who have savings accounts have
| blazed the trail more than nine mill
lion individuals carrying insurance in
| fraternal benefit societies have trav-
eled over the route; large numbers Of
people who have bought on the in-
stallment plan homes furniture, cloth
ing sewing machines, pianos, domes-
tic labor saving devices, etc, have
learned how to overcome the obsta-
Gle encountered by the way.
Advice That Was Only Half Good.
Years ago it was customary for
graybeard cOunselOrs of youth to
warn against debt as against a plague.
Never contract debt" they said.
Never buy anything until you can
pay cash for it,
If they had warned against the dan
ger that turks in the simple words,
charge it," their advice would have
been sound. Many a mans nose has
been kept on the grndstone all his
life by those words. Open accounts
at stores are sponges that soak up
a mans income and leave nothing for
emergencies.
But, If the income is carefully APP
portioned in advance on the budget
system, and if care is taken to keep
expenditures strictly within the limit
Of the appropriation in each case, sue
cess becomes a mathematical GER
tainty.
The budget should provide for such
items as amusements as well as food;
for savings account as well as shell
ter, insurance and clothing.
Every man who has an income
should SELL HIMSELF A SAVINGS
ACCOUNT OR EMERGENCY FUND
and pay for it on the installment
plan.
A person having a savings account
i'm a bank has contracted an obliga-
ton which he owes to himself and
provision should be made in his budget
to meet the regular payments
promptly.
But There Must Be an Income.
The objection has been raised that
this plan does not provide for the
man whose income Is uncertain or the
one whose income Is insufficient to
support his family. That is true.
There is no branch Of economics that
explains how something can be made
from nothing.
The man with the irregular income
should make up his budget to cover
his minimum annual receipts; If the
income exceeds this minimum the ex-
cess may be entered In the velvet"
column and credited to the savings &C
count.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Mrs. Hugh Byrne.

epublican-Journal: Mrs. Hugh
Byrne, formerly of Darlington, where
she was engaged in business about
twenty-five years ago, and also form
erly of Kendall, died at her home in
Dodgeville last Thursday. The fu-
neral was held in that city on Satur-
day, interment being in the Eastside
cemetery. Several from this county
attended. Mrs. Byrne was lady of
exceptional ability and for many
years was engaged in business in
Dodgeville. She was about IS years
of age at the time Of her death.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Pedigreed Seed Grains.

Wisconsin, according to the presi-
dent OF the Agricultural Experiment
association, grows more pedigreed seed
grains than all the other states COM
bined. Our seeds have found their
way into other states and other coun-
tries, and the demand for them, as re-
ported by the members of this organ
ization, is constantly increasing.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Raven Builds Nest in Winter.

The American raven is practically
extinct in the eastern part of our
America from New Brunswick to
Alaska differs from that sable bird
native to Europe. 1t is beautifully
black and shining and it measures
twenty-six inches in length and over
yard from tip to tip of spreading
wings. The raven believes in doing
it's work early and having it over with,
consequently it builds it's nest in the
winter and lays from five to seven
eggs which it sees to it are Matched
before the end of February.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Another Big Fish.

Darlington Republican Journal:
Rural mail carrier Eddie Pickett,
of Woodford, caught a 34-pound cat
fish, Monday morning. This is the
largest fish caught there this season.
Mr.. Pickett has the two largest fish
caught here this summer; the other
one weighed 20 Il pounds.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Value Of the Good Rooster.

The value Of the good rooster is
shown when the eggs are gathered.
Interesting experiments carried on at
the Wisconsin College of Agriculture
are showing the value of male Of
high producing strain. "It is not suf-
ficient to know that your male bird
came from good f1ock,' says Duncan
81. Reid of the poultry division.
'Trace his ancestry and be sure that
there are high-producing hens behind
him."
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Madison Girl Saved from Sink
ing Ship.

Mrs. J. w. Skoglund, Omaha, Neb.,
formerly a Madison girl, together
with her husband, was among those
rescued from the ship, Alaska that
sank of the Pacific coast according
to information received here by Mrs.
w. c. Malone, 408 West Mifflin ST., a
sister.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
How Ohio River Got Name.

The Allegheny and Ohio rivers were
regarded by the French as one stream.
The name given by them, La Belle
Riviere (the beautiful river), is a
translation of the Seneca term "Ho-
he-yu," changed by the whites, both
into Ohio.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18

b a S S, and has
come to devote his
energies and his
capital primarily
to commercial ag-
riculture.
Instead of look
ing primarily to
the satisfaction of
the wants of him
self and his fam
lily In d e CT d i n e
what to produce,
he must now look
to the markets of
the world and adj
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Benton Catholic Pastor Dies.

The Rev. James G.. Bergen, pastor
of St. Patrick's Catholic church, Ben
ton, died in the parish home August
4th, at the age Of II. Father Bergen
was in charge of the parish for 80
years. He was born in Watertown,
Wis, in 1850.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Fire Ruins Muscoda Store.

The Byrds Creek store, owned and
operated by Thomas Tysdale, was
destroyed by fire. The value of the
building was estimated at $4,000 and
stock at $1,000 with $500 insurance.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
Let Them Tell It.

The proverh doesn't state it quite
correctly-there are better fish in the
sea than were ever caught, in view Of
the enormous ones that just managed
to get away from all the anglers
Boston Transcript.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18

OF the advantage
of this will be passed on to the con.
sumner, though Immediately it accrues
to the benefit of the farmer. A group
of fruit growers not satisfied with the
wholesale market organized and sent
their product to other wholesale mar
kets greatly so their advantage. This
is the California Fruit Growers Elk
change. The same has been done by
many small concerns Of like character.
Dairymen Bargain Comparatively.
Somewhat different in character is
the case Of the many milk producers
associations over the country. They
have, through collective bargaining,
forced higher wholesale price for
milk, and SO compelled the consumer
to pay correspondingly more. In these
cases the farmer had not concerned
himself greatly with questions Of
economy Rather he has demanded a
price. While the price level in gen.
eral was rising rapidly the demands
Of the farmers for an increase were
found to be successful at least in some
degree. Since there is no general
central market for milk, the forces Of
competition do not manifest them
selves promptly. For this reason the
sellers are compelled to force the
price by bargaining, whereas in the
case of wheat the price rises without
any effort on the sellers part.
The consumer is an interested
spectator In all Of this, and wonders
whether anything will ever be done
to make prices lower through reform
of the market. It hardly need be eX-
pected that the farmers are going to
make an effort in behalf of the con-
sumers Of which they are not a part.
IF the consumers will pay the price
in the way Of trouble, investment and
Inconvenience, they as well as the
farmers can reduce marketing ex-
penses. They can organize into buy
ing clubs, can manage stores, or can
go direct to the producer in some
instances for their. goods
Results Come Slowly.
These remedies have their limita-
tons. Recognizing the undoubted fact
that the necessary cost of marketing
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18

market and or
gained d fedora
ton. Although but
a small proportion
of the cheese of
the country was
handled by this
com pa n Y they
were able to sell
to the second in
stead of to the
first of the two
usual wholesalers.
Here was a dis
tinct saving at
t h e Wholesale
market. No doubt,
eventually some
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
BY H. C. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau of
Farm Management, United States
Department of Agriculture.

The American farmer has ceased to
operate primarily on a self-sufficing
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1921-08-18
FARMERS FEDEnATE
TO AID MARKETING
Facts and Figures Are First
Need; Then Come Con-
SENTATIVE Programs.
BY q. n. HIBBARD, Agricultural
Economist of the University of
Wisconsin.

4 group of cheese producers in Wis
consin were dissatisfied with the
Norwich bulletin., 1921-03-11

week as a committee to investigate the distress of the Jewish people in Poland and to recommend means of further aid.
 Sorfo,k-ChaIles Ainsworth Spcfford, 67, a prominent New York man and a summer resident of this place for many years. died Saturday at Chandler. Ariz. He was a son oi the late Ainsworth Rand Spofford.
 Greenwich.-Ernet t Thompson Seton has completed his vaudeville season of lectures and with Mrs. Seton is at Or mond Florida. Mir and MrsS Seton will open their country pb ce in Green wich early in April.
 Ansonia.-John Horoschak died last week at the Griffin hospital. Ansonia. from wood alcohol poisoning. He refused to tell where he secured the stuff. The police are Investigating. He leaves a widow and five children.
 Southington.-N.ss Margaret Geary, daughter of Mir. and Mrs. Jeremiah Geary of Spring street has resigned her place with the District Nurse association of Southington and has ret Irned to her home in Middletown. Miss Geary is a gradu- ate of the Middlesex Hospital Training School for Nurses.
 Westport.-The National Academy of Design. New York. has announced the prizes that were awarded at the 96th an- nuaI exhibition. Awards were given sev- eral Connecticut artists, including Kath- erine s. Lawson of Westport, for Head of an Italian Peasant, who received the Julia A. Shaw memorial of S20o.
Norwich bulletin., 1921-03-11

no warning signal of his approach and intention to pass, did not see plaintiffs signal of his intention to turn nor sea- sonably observe plaintiffs progress across te street, and evihdence as 10 speed, course. sliding of wheel. and ultimate overturning of defendants automobile justifies conclusion that its speed was in excess of that which reasonable care required und'r the circumstances.
 Even were the plaintiff to be held neg ligent in failing to look backward. be- fore turning, flr enough to observe de- fendants car approaching, at whatever distance within the range of vision 1t then was, the defaults of defendants ser want would amount to supervening neg ligence and properly be regarded as the proximate cause of the collision.
 The damage sustained by plaintiff by reason of his injury is found to be $200. The circumstances are not such as to call for the imposition of double or tre- ble damages.
 Judgment is that plaintiff recover of tho defendant $200 damages and his costs.