The Penn's Grove record., 1921-05-27
MEMORIAL DAY LESSON
+ Pluribus Unum
IN I~ndissoluble Union of Indestruct-
ibie States

the memOT OF the dead Is hOnOfed DI
decorating graves with flowers 0.
those who served in the wal with flags
The decoration was first observed
by the women of Southland decorating
the graves of the dead who died in the
War between the States. better known
as the Civil War, during 1876
Later the soldiers of the North, known
as the Grand Army of the Republic
adopted the idea of also decorating the
graves of the dead and Congress made
May 30th a legal holiday. The motto
of the G.. A. r. is "FratcInity, Char
ity, Loyalty"
Fraternity with those who were
comrades with those in arms, Charity
for those who lost their Cause and
Loyalty to the Federal Union.
Why did they fight?
Some say it was because Abraham
Lincoln, a Republican was elected
( President. Others say it was to free
the negroes then held in slavery by
some in the South.
When appealed to by the radical
Abolitionists to free the slaves from
a matter of principle, Lincoln refused
to do so. In his first inaugural ad-
dress Lincoln said:
q have no purpose to interfere with
the institution of slavery in the States
where it exists. | believe | have no
lawful right to do so. l have no in
clination to do So
In a letter to Horace Greedy, Au-
gust %, 1862, Lincoln wrote: "My
paramount object in this struggle is
to save the Union, and is not either to
save OF destroy slavery"
Between the election in 1860 and
Lincoln's Inauguration the following
March 4, seven States seeded from
the Union. The legislatures for each
passed ordinances which declared,
THAT the Union now existing between
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia. Louisiana and
Texas and other States under the
The United States OF America"
is hereby dissolved and that each has
resumed her position among the ma
lions of the world
Virginia. North Carolina, Tennessee
and Arkansas later seeded and the
eleven Joined together and elected a
president and other officers under the
Confederate States of America.
In his inaugural, 1861, Lincoln said:
a disruption of the Federal Union,
heretofore only menaced, is now for
midably attempted. | hold that, IN
contemplation of universal law and OF
the Constitution, the union of these
States is perpetual
Began With Boundless Freedom
When people first came from Europe
300 years ago they found this coun-
try a wooded wilderness. They took
their choice of land, built log cabins
and later brick mansions, some of
which existed at distances from each
other. They got lonesome with so
much freedom and made roads and
bridges so they could visit and trade
with one another. The little colonies
organized counties, then States for
better trade and protection.
In 1774 thirteen colonies made Arti-
cles of Association which was matured
and continued under the Declaration
of independence of 1776. They eX-
presslv plighted and engaged it should
be perpetual by the Articles of Con
federation in 1778. Finally in 1877,
one of the objects for ordaining and
establishing the Constitution was ito
form a more perfect union
Limits To Self Determination
From boundless freedom in a woods
as populations increased and govern
ments grew, personal liberties and
self determinations grew limited. Yet
there continued strong political senti-
ments that States could secede from
the Union. 1t was strong in the New
England States when Jefferson was
elected President in 1900 and during
the war of 1912.
Jefferson And Jackson
Thomas jefferson in his inaugural
address in 1901 said: of there be any
among US who wish to dissolve this
Union or to change its republican
form of government, let them stand
u~ndisturbed as monuments of the
safety with which error of opinion
may be tolerated where reason is left
to combat it. l believe this to be the
strongest government on earth. | be-
lieve it is the only one where man at
the call of the laws, would fly to the
standard of the law"
In 1928 Congress passed a tariff law
which South Carolina claimed dis
eliminated. John c. Calhoun resigned
as Vice President to be elected from
South Carolina to the Senate where
ne could talk in favor of multiplying the
law of Congress.
Andrew jackson, President, issued
a Proclamation in 1892 against South
| Cardinals act to nullify the law of
Congress. In his lengthy Proclama-
ton Jackson said:
"There are two appeals from an un-
constitutional act, passed by Congress
one to the Judiciary, the other tc
the people and the States.
"The laws of the United States, It's
Constitution and treaties under it are
the supreme laws of the land.
eve declared ourselves a Nation by
a joint, not by several acts.
"In that instrument forming that
Union, is found an article which de-
clares that every State shall abide by
the determination of Congress on al
/ n1actioOS