davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-03-16

with a continuance of favorable
building conditions. the Key concrete
bridge across the Potomac at George
town, which is designed to supersede
the ancient Aqueduct bridge, will be
available for general traffic by the
end of the present calendar year.
That is the confident expectation of
Mai. Lunsford f. oliver, the Army
engineer in direct charge Of the
work.
About $50 men are employed in the
work of construction and they are
being pushed to the limit in order to
complete it as soon as possible. OW-
ing to the mildness of the weather
there was practically po Interrupt
ton of operations during the winter:
1t was necessary during the cold
smells however, to heat the concrete
used on the piers and arches.
The latest progress report shows
that the two land abutments and
the four river piers are practically
completed and that the two piers
between X street and M street are
two-thirds completed; that the con-
crete arch between piers No. and 8,
in the middle of the river. is COM
pleted with the exception of the
spandrels and floor of the bridge;
that the middle ring of the arch be-
tween the Georgetown abutment and
pier No. / is in place and the two
side rings partly completed; that the
steel centering on which the concrete
arch>will be laid is in place between
pierS No. l and 2, and that the ele-
waited approach at Rosslyn is well
under way.
Arches to BE Started.
Preparations are being made to
start the construction of concrete
arches over K street and the Chesa-
peake and Ohio canal, and between
piers and 4 and pier and
the Virginia abutment. Prospective
operations on the last mentioned arch
involve the reconstruction of small
section of the Aqueduct bridge at the
Virginia end. which projects over the
line of the new bridge. To permit of
the continued use of the Aqueduct
bridge until the Key bridge is ready
for fraffic changes will be made in
the Virginia approach to the old
bridge by the installation of an ap-
proach girder.
Will Close Old Bridge.
An arrangement has been made with
the District Commissioners, who have
control of the superstructure of the
Aaueduct bridge, by which that bridge
will be entirely closed TO Vehiclar
traffic on Thursday and Friday of
next week, while that work is in
progress Means will be provided,
however. for the passage of pedes-
trians. Traffic on the Chesapeake and
Ohio canal will be shut off for a few
days also during the construction of
the concrete arch over that waterway.
That work involves building a tenn
porary timber trestle from the bed
of the canal now clear of water at
that point.
Ihe es''e 1eS ooo 0s' heinz o ne nrs new ths hs
double the cost of the Connecticut
Avenue bridge across the valley of
Rock creek. Both are concrete struc-
lures of massive proportions. While
the Key bridge is larger than the
Connecticut Avenue bridge the great
difference in cost is due mainly to
the advance in prices of labor and
material.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
CLAIMS INTERNED CRAFT,

MONTEVIDEO. March 16. Uru-
guayan delegates on the reparations
commi ssion Will sustain the rights OF
Uruguay in eight German ships which
were interned in harbors Of this country
during the war.
This statement was made in a mes
sage sent to the opening session Of
congress here yesterday by President
EPum. Allusion was made by the
president To tae future of the league
Of nations, and he expressed the hope
that, owing TO its noble ends" this
work OF the peace conference would
, beeQWe 2 reality.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
1921 Girl is Kind
Despite Lipstick,
Dean of Women Says

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, March 12.-The ex-
tremes adopted by the modern
girl should not he Judged too
harxhly, said Mary Ross Potter.
dean Of women at Northwestern
University. last night at n meet
ing of ministers wives.
'There iS nothing wrong with
the girl Of today because she
uses lipstfck and n little
rouge and dab of powder"
said Dean Potter.
"Of course, the dress OF the
girl Of tOday-skfrt to knees al
most, fifmsy stockings, ftmsy
everythinE-fs not the dress OF
mothers generation. Neverthe-
less, she fs sweet and good and
kind at heart. She has nm inde-
pendence that did not belong to
her mothers day, but such. is
the spirit Of the times. 1t fs the
result of the war"
Evening star., 1921-03-16
TAKEN FROM SENATE.
Army Nominations Withdrawn
Owing to Court Decision.

Adjt. Gen. Harris of the Army has
announced that all nominations for
in the Army which dated
f-or, November "a, 1920, and subse-
nnent thereto, have been withdrawn
from the Senate, in view of the re-
cant decision of the Supreme Court
of the District of Columbia in the
cases of Col. John w: French and
CoJ William F. Creary, to the ef-
fact that such cases require the per-
sonal approval of the President be-
ere retirement or discharge from the
service becomes effective.
Col. French was placed on the re.
tired list and Col. Creary was dis
charged from the Army under Sec
tion 24-b, Army reorganization act,
Iune 4, 1920, and denominations to
fiji their vacancies will not be made
until the cases of those officers are
disposed Of.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
MATEWAN MURDER TRIAL
is NEARING CONCLUSION
Evidence All In, One Of Seventeen
Defendants Being Freed-Jury to
Receive Instructions.
WILLIAMSON, w. Va, March 49,

WILLIAMSON, w. Va, March 16.-
Taking Of testimony in the Matewan
gun-fight trial was concluded this
morning. Immediately thereafter, on
motion Of the state, the jury was in
structed to return a verdict of not
guilty in the case of ]. c. Mccoy. one
Of the seventeen defendants. Insuffi-
Gent evidence was given as the rea-
son.
Judge r. D. Bailey. presiding, next
asked counsel to prepare instructions
and announced that he would receive
them at pm. A recess until that
hour was ordered.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
mo IDEA OF ADVOCATING"
SAYS KING CONSTANTINE
Greek Ruler Declares Reports of
Quitting in Favor of Son
Unfounded.
BY the Associated Press.


ATHENS. March liking constan.
tine tonight declared there was .h.
solutely no foundation for renorts
published in the United States that
he was considering abdicating in "a
vor of his son. Prince George
"Oh let me have peacew Const,p-
tine exclaimed when asked il the
reports were true. Il have no inten-
tion of abdicating in favor of George
or any one else"
Evening star., 1921-03-16
KEY BRIDGE READY
BY NEXT DECEMBER
New Potomac Span Pro.
crossing Fast Under Favor
able Building Conditions.
Agueduct Bridge
Closed to Vehicles
T,rO Days Next Week

Because OF operations on the
virginia side of the Key bridEe'
nece.xitating changes on the
Aaueduct bridge, the latter
bridge will be closed to vehicu-
Iar traffic Thursday and Friday
Of next week, though Pede"-
TRANS will be allowed to cross
nv usual, 1t was announced to-
INV
Evening star., 1921-03-16
CARNEGIE PLANT TO CLOSE.

of a complete shutdown beginning
Saturday. March 10. and continuing
for an indefinite period. have been
posted at the Carnegie Steel Com
pany works here. Three thousand
men will be affected by the suspen.
sion.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
London Approves
Col. George Harvey
As u. S. ambassador

HV THC NNNElHTPU TTPSS.
LONDON. March 16.-The
British government today gave
formal approval to the appoint
ment of Col. George Harvey nv
United States ambassador TO
Great Britain to succeed John
w. Davis. who resigned.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
WEATHER.

Fair tonight and probably tomor-
row. colder tonight.
Temperature for twenty-four hours
ended at 2 pm. today: Highest, "A. at
/ pm. today: lowest, 55, at am. today.
Full report on page 10.
Evening star., 1921-03-16
Member of the Associated Press

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled TO
the use for republication OF all news dispatches
credited TO 1t OF not cth'rssc credited IN ;his
paper and also the local news publish III h"tcin
An rights Of publication OF special
disia tcilcs herein are also reserved
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16

Not only is Middle Europe facing
grave economic crises, but the sit
uation also is complicated by po~
litical and social unrest. Few Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16

CEARCH upon the map for the
~ toe of South America, and
you will find it broken into q
medley of irregular islands, secured
by strong currents and swept by icy
tempests, writes W. W. Rasor in
The Pan-American Magazine.
Scanning the brief distance be-
tween these islands and the South
Pole, you perhaps say to yourself
that these scraps of battered land
must be desolate and forlorn, worth
less and barren. But so you would
misjudge. In the gentler periods of
the year even small rowing boats
may pass placidly from islet to pen
insnla, from headland to dream
ing rocks, perched solitary in
smooth seas, and the visitor to such
spots will find verdure nesting in
every crevice, veritable forests in
sheltered gorges, and, from the
branches of every tree festoons of
the lovely red copihue that Chile
has formally adopted as her ma
tional flower.
A choice and gallant flower 1t is.
Four or five inches long, its six
thick, waxy petals form long bell
with curved edges slightly everted
and the lips family splashed with
cream; the color is a most wonder
full glowing red, neither crimson nor
scarlet, but the bright and deep
royal hue that only flowers may
wear. There are white varieties,
too, but it is the red copihue that is
characteristic Of the islands near
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16
In South Americas Toe

Cape Horn, and that Chile loves
most dearly. A national song says
that the copihue flowers red is
the blood of the dying races of In
dians; but it rather betokens the
hope and promise of splendid life.
l met in Punta Arenas, once upon
time, courageous Scotch lady, an
artist, farmer and a qualified
gold assayer, who has explored ali
these out-of- the-way islands. There
is gold in the sands of most of these
shores, and there is material in
abundance for a thousand pictures.
She had Of this region a very diff
ferent impression from that Of
Charles Darwin, who seems to have
seen nothing but gloomy ravines,
dank vegetation and dripping for
ests, when he came this way on
the Beagle's famous voyage. Ger
tain Of the larger islands of this
group are to-day the homes of a
great and growing sheep farming
industry-Navarin and TERRA del
Fuego, for example, display model
farm buildings, with fine, prosper
Gus fiocks. The waterways between
the islands are of infinite variety
and beauty, as the famous Beagle
Channel; the shores golden sands
invite adventure, and if more than
one gold-seeking company has failed
new enterprises are not lacking to
take up work that may yet put these
lands of the Far South into the
rank Of gold producers on = large
scale.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16
Of supplies abroad practically i'm
possible.
Food Poor and Scarce

The condition Of the people is
desperate. There is little food and
hardly any coal. Every one is on
rations, and the quality of the food
is very poor. In December the gov
eminent had set the composition of
the bread at so per cent cornmeal,
Is per cent rye and 35 per cent
wheat flour, but because of the in
ability to secure any wheat -four
the proportion of this had to be
abandoned.
The cost Of living for a family
Of four, as worked out in a careful
estimate, shows 5000 kronen as the
requirement for one month. This
would mean from SO to $40 in ex-
change. The income of most fami-
lies is under 5000 kronen a month,
SO that it only meets half the cost
Of expense for food and lodging.
An outfit Of clothing for the same
family is estimated at 10000 kronen.
AS the average salary cannot even
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16
trdbuted By American relief agencies Most of these
children suffering from ricketts,, due insufficient and
Improper food

meet living expenses it can be seen
how impossible it is to obtain suffi-
cient clothing to combat the cold.
AS result Austria is dying. The
death rate Of 1874 per thousand in
Vienna is the highest for any city
in Europe. The birth rate for the
same period in which these death
rate statistics were obtained was 1877
per thousand. Deaths are more
numerous than births.
Germany Hard Hit
Despite the fact that Germany's
territory was untouched by the war
and that the skeleton of her former
economic strength still exists, hun
ger and unemployment are felt there.
Germany has been on short rations
for five years, and the coming of
peace has not greatly improved the
situation. Her great grain and meat
markets in Russia are cut off and
her buying power limited by the de-
probation Of the mark. The Amer
lean Friends Service Committee and
the American Relief Administration
European Children's Fund are CO.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16

try, and when her crops were ruined
by the destruction of last summers
invasion of Bolshevist forces she
had nothing with which to buy out
side food to tide her over the win
ter. Her money is almost valueIess,
and there are no manufactures
whose products would help to restore
a balance of trade. Fuel is ex-
tremely scarce and the gas supply of
Warsaw and Cracow was stopped
during the month of November on
this account.
The extent Of the setback to Po-
lands agricultural recovery caused
by the Bolshevist invasion may be
realized from the following extracts
from a report of r. Ligowska,
Chief of Section, Ministry of Food:
"On the territories of the republic
already recovered the destruction Of
farm lands may be represented in
the following way:
Winter Grain-Big land owners
lost about so per cent; small land
owners lost about so per cent.
Spring Grain-Big land owners
lost about 70 per cent; small land
owners lost about so per cent.
"Cattle-Big land owners lost
about 60 per cent horses; rs per cent
cows. Small land owners lost about
80 per cent horses; so per cent
cows"
The difference of destruction in
Cured by big and small property
owners can be explained by the fact
that the owners of big estates in
their flight before the Bolsheviki
took along with them part of their
livestock, whereas the peasants re-
manned on the spot, thus saving
their crops to certain extent. They
could not, however, prevent the loot
of horses and cattle by the Bolshe-
visits, who also took many farm i'm
PIGMENTS and carts and shipped them
back to Russia.
In East Galicia the farmers have
sowed their crops for six years in
succession, but each year have been
unable to harvest them because of
fighting in this area. In immense
areas of Congress Poland the crops
have also been nearly completely an
initiated. Central Lithuania is al
most wholly without food.
The larger cities are starving
Prices have risen enormously, the
average being about 1000 per cent,
and in the case of wheat -four co.
600 per cent. Starvation and anemia
have been followed by the ravages of
typhus and tuberculosis.
The Baltic States
The new Baltic states of Els.
thonia, Latvia and Lithuania are in
a somewhat better position than
Poland. They also are agrarian,
but have been able to harvest then
crops, and are in position to feed
their own people. Esthonia is un-
der new burden Of population in
refugees who have fed out Of Boil
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16

operating in feeding 100000 chill
dren in Germany to-day. Thousands
are being supplied with food by food
drafts from America, yet these sup
plies do not meet the demand. The
poor, who are unable to find en-
ployment, and the middle class, whose
incomes have not risen, are in a
serious position. An officer return
ing from Germany tells the story of
mother and daughter who were
found dead Of starvation in their
Berlin home, having pawned every
thing, except the bed on which they
died, to buy food.
There is unemployment and unrest.
Only a moderate percentage of the
factories are working, and coal and
raw materials are difficult to obtain.
Yet it is strange economic fact that
the low value of the mark is working
IN Germany's favor against her COM
petitors in England and France.
Cheap money means cheap labor, and
an impoverished Germany can pro-
duce goods that undersell England's
high cost products in England's own
markets. German toys, of the best
quality and at half the English price,
flooded the London Christmas mar
ket this year. A II shilling English
product was recently shown at an
exhibit by the side of a German
duplicate article of the same quality
which was offered for sale in Eng
land at z shillings. Thus Germany
is able to regain many Of her old
! markets and slowly to reabsorb her
unemployed population. This will
build Germany up, but it will be a
long time before the people will feel
any Of the benefits of this. To the
worker the situation does not change.
Wages are low and are paid in money
of little value, food is scarce and
high.
Germany's future now rests on
the attitude of the Allied govern
ments toward PREPARATIONS. If the
Allies push Germany for immediate
payment of the PREPARATIONS she will
be forced to meet the terms by higher
tax rates and the sale of more secu-
rites.
This will Immediately react upon
industry, and Germany will be forced
into much the same position as Aus
tria. English statesmen believe that
it is good policy to build up Ger
many. She is a big market for
goods, and even now controls much
of the trade with Poland and Czecho-
Slovakia. France, ON the other
hand, wishes only to secure the pay
ment of the reparations and does not
want to see Germany progress faster
than herself. All realize, however,
that pushing Germany for payments
will result in internal demoraliza-
ton. The threat of such step is
always over the heads Of the Ger
man government.
Poland's Case Desperate
Poland's situation is as desperate
and as hopeless as that Of Austria
Sho tc y,r;,,oa ,.;1xv ~
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16
Political Unrest, Also

Not only is Middle Europe facing
grave economic crises, but the sit
uation also is complicated by po-
litical and social unrest. Few of
the newly established governments
are strong, all Of them are as yet
but poorly organized and full Of un-
trained men. All have been weak
ened by war, their man power de.
pleted. Eastern Poland is still suf-
fering from the depredations Of the
Bolshevist forces, and everywhere
the Bolshevist propaganda finds q
fertile field in the minds of hungry
and voorhees, people.
The partition of Middle Europe
has left unsettled many of the old
race feuds. Slavs in Czecho-Slo-
vakia lean toward alliance with
their Bolehevist kin in nearby So
Wet Russia. Austria claims that it
dare not reduce it's army of 10000
men for fear of the menace of its
former vassal, Hungary. Finland
new nation that is proving her.
self economically self-suficient
faces the Russian menace.
Throughout the hunger-enfeebled
lands disease is prevalent. In the
last year Russia has reported $780,
900 cases of typhus within her Dor
ders, AID Western Europe is watch
ing the spread Of this disease, which
is already epidemic in both Poland
and Rumania. Sir George Foster, OF
Canada, speaking before the AS
sembly of the League Of Nations at
Geneva recently, presented a reso-
luton to the effect that an appeal
should be made to all the nations of
the world for adequate funds to
combat the plague. Such an appeal
already has been issued by the
league, and fourteen governments
had agreed to contribute, but all
had not yet done so. France, Eng.
land, Canada, Persia, Greece, China
and Spain agreed to supply funds
and it il hoped that a sum Of $780,.
100000 will be raised for this pur-
pose. The situation Is serious, foi
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16

rations Commission says that an i'm
mediate loan Of $250,000000 will
keep Austria afloat and will carry
her through the five-year period
that he believes necessary before she
can be self-supporting. There is no
question of security, for Austria has
none to offer. But the statesmen of
to-day realize, as never before, the
interdependency of the nations of
the world. They know that if Ru-
manian and Russian grain does not
come into the market bread will be
high in London; that as long as
deprecated money in Germany and
Middle Europe limits the buying
power Of millions, English factories
will not be run to full capacity.
Hence Allied statesmen are striving
to save the pauper nations of Mid
die Europe-that they may save
themselves.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16
although Poland has spent as high
as 100000 marks a day in fight
ing the plague, the disease is still
widespread.
To Each Its Problem

Thus, economically unproductive,
combating unrest within and Boil
shevism without their borders, and
facing hunger, poverty and disease
among their people, most of the
new nations Of Middle Europe must
be propped up until these dangers
are passed.
Each country has It's own prob
lens; all do not suffer alike. 1t is
long step from such hopeless ma
lions as Austria and Poland to
! Czecho-Slovakia and Finland, whose
governments already are producing
and establishing themselves among
nations. To them perhaps the
greatest problem is the shadow of
Bolshevisn, but if Poland or Aus
tria fall that shadow will change
to a reality.
A specific analysis Of each coun-
try will present the clearest view of
the situation.
Austria's Case
Austria to-day faces bankruptcy
ruin and chaos. The Austrian
krone, which before the war was
between % and "a to the pound
sterling, is now 1000 to the pound.
1t may shortly go to $500, or even
higher, rendering Austria's money
worthless in the markets of the
world.
Internally, her industries and
transportation facilities are disor-
gained. She has few natural re-
sources, and in the past depended on
the provinces of the empire for raw
materials. Now these provinces are
independent countries, and have
taken over their own production and
their own railways. Rail disruption
at the borders handicaps freight
movements, and Austria is thus cut
off both from her old markets and
from her raw material sources.
The position Of her currency also
prevents her from entering import
markets. The Austrian national
debt is approximately 70,OO0,O0o
kronen. At the current rate of ex-
change this is only 935,oo0,O00 in
English money, but to the Austrian
government, whose taxes are paid in
kronen, it is 1000 times as much,
Revenue for the current fiscal year
will be nearly 1000, 900, 900 kronen
but the estimated deficit will be half
as much again. Yet 21,000,000 600
kronen represents the maximum OF
all revenue sources. The tax rate
alone has risen from 45 kronen a
head in 1918 to 1906 kronen a head
to-day. The only way to meet this
years deficit viii be to issue more
notes, which will further depreciate
the currency and make the purchase
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16
reduction Must Increase


y only answer to the situation
'snewed production that will re-
IN trade and so restore a nor
, :. Trade balance and par value
d. sncy' 1t is long process, but
l. ', The first steps is the reopen
s.. ~ uade channels. 1t is here
sis, austria acts as the focal point.
ss.a '.u' her banking and trading
81 t South Middle Europe will
: built up. ~ A0S'''a must
n William Goode, president of
austrian section Of the Repa-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-01-16

Poland's situation is as desperate
and as hopeless as that Of Austria.
She is primarily an agrarian coun-