davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-11-15
WAGE Conference
CALLED BY ROADS
Plan to Revamp Present
Working Agreement for
Greater Economies.
PAY CUTS ARE PLANNED
On Refusal Cases Will Be Filed
With Wage Board
for Action.
PAY CUTS ARE PLANNED
By the Associa ted Press.

NEW YORK, November 15.-Man-
ayers of fifty-two railroads, covering
the territory east of the Mississippi
river and north of the Ohio river, to-
day began mailing notices to the va
rious classes of railroad employees
calling for conferences to consider re-
adjustments in wages.
In addition to the wage notice a
SEPARATE notice will advise the train
service men that the managers de-
sire to revise their working rules and
agreements, particularly those deal
ing directly or indirectly with COM
Lpensation.
Conferences Soon.
Conferences with employees in all
cases are expected to get under way
Immediately after the expiration OF
The plan is to revamp the present
railroad working agreement Whlcn
each road has negotiated individual
order to work for greater econo-
mics" There are 140 different items
of rules and conditions to be consid-
cred for these employees, ana unoef
the existing contracts the roads are
permitted to make change only
after the usual tHiTty- -ooS AoIiee'
Pay Cuts Planned.
According to the original plan an
nounced by the executives. the train
service employees will be asked to
take a reduction in wages of 10 per
cent. while the shop crafts and un-
skilled workers pay will be cut to
the going rate paid for the same class
of work in other industries. At the
expected refusal of the employees to
accept this program, the disputed
cases will be filed Immediately with
the Railroad Labor Board. which will
be asked to take early action.
The executive committee Of the AS
sociation Of Railway Executives will
submit report OF It's recent confer
ence with the Interstate Commerce
Commission to a meeting of the mem.
Der roads Of the association to be helG
here tomorrow.
Evening star., 1921-11-15

Work has been started on the i'm
provement and remodeling Of the
main warehouse Of the prohibition
enforcement division Of the internal
revenue department here. If plans
work out per schedule; within a
month Washington will have the
model warehouse for confiscated
Evening star., 1921-11-15

n. GOLDEN DONALDSON,
Chairman Of the Board
RoLFE e. BOILING. President
JAMES A. CAHILL. Vice Pres.
JAMES h. REYNOLDS. Vice Pres.
JAMES H. BADEN. Cashier
ROBERT A. CIssEL. Auditor
FRANK Il. GHIsELLI, Asst. Cash.
iHERBeERT ". HUNT, Asst. Cashier
y. FENDALL GAIN, Asst. Cashier
w, j. HARRISON. Asst. Cashier
CHARLES G. TUCKER. :. Counsel
Evening star., 1921-11-15
RESIGNATION IS ACCEPTED.

The President has accepted the res
ignation of Capt. Chester A. Bennett
Judge advocate. to take effect a
once. 1xT p
Evening star., 1921-11-15
HoW::lI:WoRKS:

i III; :. Let ..ls; suppose you
: are 80 years old.
= !. :. '':: You want to save,
Z. $1;000.00.>' . .. :.
re YOU open your ''In-
! sured Savings : Ac-
: count and deposit
; $500.
=. You m a ke this
X monthly deposit for
120 months, If you
= live,' and then receive
$1,0l1.86 in cash, for
yourself. 80. 49,, :.
II you do not live to
complete your deposits
the Insurance I Com
panys pays the: bene-
:finiary you have named
the. full III 10000. .
= And, fl addition, the
:. Bank pays ! the full
:. amount to your credit
=. In your Savings Ac-
count.
Should- total and
permanent disability
- befall you, the fnsur-
ance Policy provides
100000. per year for
you, with which you
can complete your de-
posits.
Remember - The
$3.50. monthly deposit
includes both : ur.
Savings Account and
: your Insurance. There
!. are no .extras."
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1921-09-28
lei damage

also doing considerable damage,
Prospects bad.
Arkansas-Much premature open
ing. Season now ten days early to
twelve days late. Top crop prospects
poor. Lint yield per acre IS light to
medium. Expect picking to be COM
pleted about November list. No
marked effect with front on average
date. Yield compared with original
expectations not good Army worms
doing considerable damage, also Wee
vii destruction to top and middle
crop. General prospects bad.
Tennessee-Ten days early to nor
NAL. Prospects for top crop not
promising. Lint yield per acre light
to medium. Expect completion of
picking between November 18th to
December 1st Frost on an average
date will have little effect Yield ex-
pectations disappointing. Army
worms active Weevil destructive.
Prospects poor.
Missouri-Ten days early. Top crop
prospects poor. Lint yield is light
to medium. Expect picking to be
completed December LIST. Frost on
average date will cut yield. Com
pared with original expectations dis
appointing. Outlook poor.
Oklahoma days early to one
week late. Top crop prospects poor.
Lint yield per acre is light. Expect
completion of picking between Octo-
Der 18th and November 18th. No
marked effect of frost on average
date. Yield compared with original
expectations disappointing. Weather
dry and hot, which caused premature
opening. Weevil and army worms
have done great damage to middle
and top crop Farmers discouraged.
General prospects bad.
Texas - Because of premature
opening, season two weeks early IN
some sections and one week late IN
others. Top crop prospects most
discouraging. Lint yield per acre IS
light. Picking will be completed
around October 1st in southern coun-
ties. In others between Octobe'
18th and November 18th. Frost on
average date will have little effect as
weevil have taken practically all OF
ton crop. Yield greatly reduced COM
pared with original expectations.
Storm in Southern Texas did consld:.
cradle damage and elsewhere weevll
and army worms have been very de-
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1921-09-28

terioration this month is about 1871,
compared with an average deteriora-
ton for ten years Of $50 during
September.
Hot, dry weather with tempera-
lures extremely high earlier IN the
month, over the entire belt caused
much premature opening. The Sc
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1921-09-28

structive. Outlook is the worst in
many years,
California and Arizona-Season
normal. Prospects for top crop good
Lint yield per acre heavy. Expect
completion of picking about Decem-
Der 30th Frost on an average date
will have little effect in Arizona,
Yield favorable compared with origi-
nal expectations. Prospects fair 20
good.
Resume
Conditions from August 18th to
the date of our Investigation, Sep
TENDER 18th, were the most unfavor-
able for many, many years. The de-
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1921-09-28

we're rain and flood storms in South
eastern Texas greatly damaged open
cotton in that territory
Boil weevil and army worm devas.
tation continued undated, 1t has
not been plant deterioration, but
plant destruction.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
Eight-Eight Programme
Not Very Far Advanced

Battleshps No and No. are the Dwarf
and Xii, $4,000 tons, % knots, twelve
16-inch guns, which have been ordered
but not yet begun, and 1924 is the very
earliest date by which they can be COM
pleted The two final battleships of the
programme are &C" and 3D." not yet
named, and of whose characteristics
nothing is known. They cannot be in SER
vice before 1926, and may, in fact, be de-
layed another year.
The remaining eight ships are battle
cruisers. Two of these, the Amagi and
Akagi, were begun in December last and
may be completed by the end of 1923. They
are ships of 43,500 tons, 33 knots speed,
and eight 16-inch guns, thus resembling
in main details the American battle cruis-
ers of the Constellation class. After them
come the Atago and Takao, said to be Of
similar design. They were ordered last
year but will not be laid down till next
February or March.
The four remaining battle cruisers have
not yet been named. but they are credited
with $4,000 tons "a knots speed and a
battery Of 1Sinch guns. They will proba-
bly, come into service by 1926-27. This com
pletes the total OF sixteen big ships author
lied by the "eight-eight" project
1t should be said in passing that the de
signs of vessels not yet begun may be mod
ifed Admiral Kato, the Minister OF Ma
rine. stated last year that Japanese policy
would be Influenced by what went on
abroad. This means that II bigger and fast
er ships and heavier guns are adopted
elsewhere Japan will follow suit She has
already designed. and by now may have
built, an experimental 1S-inch gun firing
a 3.300 pound shell.
Besides the sixteen new ships described
above, the japanese navy already contains
five dreadnought battleships and four bat
tic cruisers, completed between 1912 and
1918. and most of these will be serviceable
In 1927. when the "eight-eight" programme
is completed. BY that date therefore. japan
will dispose of twenty-five capital ships or
ten less than the American total. But her
inferiority will be somewhat less than the
figures indicate. because her earlier dread.
noughts are OF later. larger and more pow
erful design than the corresponding Ameri-
can ships.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
Most Modern Capital Ships Compared
With s. u. S. Craft

1000 tons. These, apparently, are addi-
tional to the nine modern light cruisers
already in service. Consequently, If the
British naval authorities are well informed.
Japan will eventually have a total of thirty
five fast cruisers; whereas the American
navy will possess only ten.
Including boats already completed, the
execution of the "eight-eight" programme
will bring the total Of destroyers to forty
four first class boats (over 1000 tons) and
seventy-eight second class boats (under 1000
tons). The utmost secrecy is maintained
as to the present and future strength OF
the submarine 1otilla, and as will be no
ticed, the total of these boats authorized
in the "eghteight" scheme is vaguely re-
ferred to as "a certain number"
Reliable information shows that eighty
submarines have been built, laid down, or
authorized to date. while from twenty to
forty additional boats are to be commenced
between 1922 and 1927.
This, then, is the famous "eight-eight"
programme which the japanese Govern
ment declares to be its irreducible standard
of naval power. The financial provisions
were based on prices ruling last year and
also on the assumption that no extraor-
Ginary increase in warship dsplacements
will occur during the next six years. II,
on the contrary, the cost of labor and ma
terial increase, or some new development
leads to a sudden jump in the size of capi-
tai ships, every calculation will be upset
and the bill for nayal ornaments will reach
a figure at which even the docile Japanese
taxpayer may revolt.
Whatever one may think OF the wisdom
or the expediency of this ambitious scheme
it is impossible TO withhold tribute OF ad
miration from the brand Of patriotism
which induces people to deny itself all
hut the bare necessities of life in order to
keep the armed forces strong and efficient
So far as the political aspect is concerned
the very fact that Japan's rulers are pre-
pared to drain the national treasury and
risk popular upheaval rather than cur
tail the forces which are 20 guarantee them
immunity from foreign interference. shows
very clearly what Importance they attach
to gaining free hand In China.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
international Agreement Only
Could Stop the Progranm

Short of an international agreement for
the curtailment of ornaments the eight
eight" programme is almost certain to be
carried out in full despite the tremendous
cost, for the heads of state have declared
1t to be indispensable to Japan. and from
their decision there is no appeal.
Nevertheless, thoughtful Japanese are
growing alarmed at the dimensions OF
naval expenditure. 1t is pointed out by DR..
Suehiro OF the Kyoto Imperial University
that even to-day when the "eight-eight''
fleet is far from complete, the naval budget
already amounts to yen 100000 900, equiva-
lent to 80 per cent. of State expenditure
for the fiscal year 1922. When the fleet
is completed the ordinary and extraordi-
nary expenditure will total yen S00,000000,
which exceeds the total amount of revenue
frotn taxation in 1921.
1T is evident" says DR.. ,Suehiro, that
such a navy is dsproportionate to the re-
sources of the country, and that IL will ex-
haust her strength and hinder her prog
ress"
But these and many similar utterances
which could be quoted seem to make no
impression on the Elder Statesmen, who
see in naval power one of the two lnstru-
ments that are absolutely necessary for
the furtherance OF their policies in China.
The other instrument is an army stronger
than any foreign force that could be des-
patched TO the Far East within a reasona-
BILE period of time. The japanese Govern
ment has fixed twentyone divisions as the
minimum standard OF strength for the
army, and up to now has turned deaf ear
to all suggestions Of lower figure. The
world will watch with interest the outcome
of this attempt by State whose financial
resources are relatively small to support
a large army and large navy at one and
the same time. Germany, with infinitely
greater resources. found the pace growing
rather too hot even before the war, and
there are not few economists who pre-
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
Value of Deep Breaths

n INGERs are not tho only persons who
need 70 learn 70 breathe deeply; the
- practice Is good FOR every one. say
the neurologists and they add that we OF the
Western lands have paid altogether TOO little
attentiap to correct respiration and still less
to the good effects Of deep breathing
IN the orient they look very differently
upon Il and lay great stress upon it's con-
stant and regular practice. The Eastern
philosophers teach that the mental powers,
sclf-control, clear vision, happiness and even
morals are dependent IN great measure upon
this practice OF deep breathing.
II includes the play of the whole respra-
tory apparatus-every part of the lungs.
every afr cell. every respiratory muscle. Is
to be brought into action In modified
breathing only part Of the cells are filled
with oxygcnated air, and the muscles are
only partly employed.
To breathe deeply requires that one
should stand erect and inhale steadily
through the uostrils First M the lower part
Of the lung, then the middle part by pushing
out the lower ribs and breastbone, and finally
the higher part by clevating the chest Hold
the breath for a few seconds and exhale
slowly through the mouth
Deep breathing promotes sort of mas
sage OF the internal organs ana produces q
soothing effect on the nerves.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04

dict that Japan is heading straight for in
solvency.
In view of the many contradictory state
ments which have appeared on the subject,
brief analysis of the "eight-eight" scheme
will not be out of place. OF the sixteen cap
ital ships covered by the programme only
one has been completed to date. This is the
battleship Nagato, OF 33,S0O tons, 23 knots
speed, mounting eight 16inch guns. Her
sister ship, the Mutsu, is practically fin
ished and will soon be in service. They
will be joined in 1929 by the Kaga and
Tosa, 80, 900 to 10000 tons, 23 knots, mount
ing ten or twelve 16-inch guns, both ships
having been laid down last year.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04

any means certain that the people as
whole are in favor of cutting down the
programme. The big political parties have
adopted naval preparedness" as one Of the
main planks in their respective platforms.
Only few months ago Mr.. Ozaki. shin
ing light of the powerful KenseiKai--a
faction which formerly held a majority in
the Imperial Diet-was expelled from the
party nominally because of his too liberal
views on the suffrage question, but ac-
tually because he had ventured to urge
reduction of naval expenditure. Since his
expulsion Mr.. Ozaki has been touring the
country and making speeches in favor of
pruning down the "eight-eight" scheme,
but he does not appear to have met with
great success.
Nor, after all, does public opinion count
for very much in Japan in matters of this
kind. Questions of high policy are invari
ably decided by the military chiefs, and II
their decisions run counter to the wishes
Of the people the latter have no real means
OF protesting against them.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
New Information az Hand
On Japan's Light Cruisers

The position in regard TO light cruisers
Is not so clear According to the eight
eight" scheme only twelve such vessels
we're to be laid down between 1921 and
1925. But the Secretary OF the British Ad.
miralty announced on April 6, 1921. that
the number OF light cruisers which Japan
had then to complete was twenty-six, in
cluding four large vessels Of more than
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
Our Own Plans Laid in 1916,
So idea of Race Fades

II the Japanese authorities are perturbed
at this supposed misreading Of the motives
that underlie their naval policy they
should remember that a large section Of the
Japanese press habitually refers to the
"eight.eight" programme as though 1t we're
q reply to the American building scheme
passed in August, 1916. Many quotations
The New York herald., 1921-09-04

could be given to show that the people of
Japan believe rightly or wrongly, that
naval competition does exist between their
this fact that we find clue to the reported
development of anti-American sentiment in
Japan.
Taxation in that country is now extreme
ly heavy, as well 1t may be- considering that
AZ per cent. of the total revenue is de-
voured by the War Office and the Navy De-
partment. The people are taught by their
newspapers to regard the United States as
the chief cause Of this crushing taxation.
'If"-so runs the argument-"the Ameri-
cans were not piling up naval armaments
with the object of gaining the mastery of
the Pacific, there would be no occasion
for japan to waste her substance on bat
tleships. But, as things are. she is COM
PEELED In self-defence to maintain an ade-
quate navy Every addition the Ameri-
cans make to their feet must be counter
balanced so far as possible by adding to
ourr. In this way, therefore, the standard
Of Japanese taxation is more or less regu-
lated from Warrington"
The japanese Government is indignant
at the suggestion that its fleet is meant to
sible, they argue, for japan to attack the
United States, even II she wished to do So
The distance between the two countries is
so great that no Japanese force could at
tack the American coast without a nearby
base from which to operate, and no such
base exists.
The New York herald., 1921-09-04

photograph batleshp division
steaming formation Somewhere in the Atlantic The
of firing
from Our later upedreadnoughts (and
Japans carry 16inch guns each
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
What Japan Says Officially
About the Eight-Eight

The inception and significance of this
programme are explained in the following
official statement, which has been communi
Gated to me direct from the japanese Navy
Department.
1T was after the Chino-Japanese
war, but before the war with Russia,
that the Imperial japanese Navy re-
allied the necessity OF possessing two
squadrons, and adopted a naval policy
to that effect as being the irreducible
minimum for the defence of the ISL
and Empire. At the time of the war
with Russia, Japan was in possession
of two squadrons, each consisting Of six
capital ships I. e. six battleships and six
armored cruisers. From the experience
gained in that war, the Japanese Navy
decided to have two squadrons, each
comprising eight capital ships, and laid
down the plan for organizing the So
called 'eight-eight' squadrons, each
ship being less. than eight years old
from the date of completion.
Just at that moment, however, there
occurred farreaching evolution in the
The New York herald., 1921-09-04
No Thought of Aggression.
But defence" Is Elastic Tern

Probably it is true that the function of
he Japanese navy is defensive one, but
efence' is a very elastic term and in
particular case 1t need not be taken
literally. Japan Is not merely con-
ed for her own coasts and her
(rne commerce. She has large and
Ing interests in China, and it is to de-
hese interests as much az the integ-
her own soil that she is spending
so lavishly on battleships.
purpose behind the "eighteight"
! Us to make herself strong enough
- interference with her policy in
cot m the United States or any other
: ~ Or, as commentator in Japan
,er il It:
1tly bat navy Is to be built for the
NE y OF enabling things to be done
nurno c mainland and present them
be As;! as accomplished facts. without
q world risk of the Powers Offering
inc tbd as they offered in 1895 re-
loo. suc, iaotung Peninsula. The naval
inc tho + II for the purpose of being
nsion a. Or the purpose of deterrng
ass,ve h,t i've action should for any
a.. 40 aoor ted"
on be comm seen whether the eight
rema,rs ,o will prove to be as Inn
y, nrooro >, ~ of the Medes and Per-
,b,e as ,,a ~ b doubt whatever that
Tber. O. fight to the last ditch
.ulinr c,asses modify it, nor is IL by
re consenting {
The New York herald., 1921-09-04


To this total must be added the
amounts set aside for naval construc-
tion in the supplementary budget
passed in March, 1921, viz: Yen 37,0s6,-
7O5 for 1920-21, and yen 105,050.112
for 1922.
In his covering letter transmitting this
official statement to me a distinguished
Japanese naval officer makes some inter
esting observations on the naval policy of
his country.
Statements have appeared in the press
he writes. Ito the effect that Japan and the
United States are building their war ves-
sells against each other. This, however,
az you will note from the inclosed state
ment, Is not the case. Our present naval
scheme was originated as early as the year
1906, /. e., just after the Russo-Japanese
var, in accordance with the tactical opin-
icn OF our naval experts. During that war
the United States OF America gave us
every possible assistance, and there could
be no possible reason for imagining that
the naval scheme was directed against the
United States"
The New York herald., 1921-09-04


Copyright, 1921, by THE NEW YORK HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau.
London, Aug 20.
DAY or two after the announcement
II that President Harding had invited
the leading Powers to take part in
a conference at Washington on disarma-
ment and Far Eastern problems. had an
without holding official status is in close
touch with the Toxic Government and with
Japanese politics in general. To my ques
tion as to what he thought OF the Amer
lean move, he replied, in substance
I'VE Japanese would welcome any prac-
tical step toward the reduction of arma-
ments which impose such a serious burden
on the nations. Japan, in fact. would be
the very last country, to oppose such
step, because her armaments are essen
TALLY defensive in character. We assume,
however, that the American Government
recognizes the absolute necessity to Japan
of completing her eight-eight' programme,
which represents the minimum standard
of naval strength consistent with the
safety of the Empire. | feel sure that the
Imper ial authorities would not consent to
discuss revision of this programme,
which, after years of effort, has at length
been embodied in the statute book. But
with this reservation we shall go to the
conference. sincerely desirous of helping
to achieve the noble ideals that the Amer
lean President has enunciated."
If my informant's remarks faithfully re
fleet the official Japanese vie 1t is not
altogether clear what basis can be found
for restricting naval ornaments in the
Pacific, for the japanese "eight-eight' pro-
gramme is the dominating factor of the
whole situation.