davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Total Claims s Paid.

take no pains to avert accidents, and In the
Eastern lands, where this cult most thrives.
there are said to be less casualties than In
more advanced lands. The pilot of a caravan
ere setting out to cross the desert plans
out his route carefully to arrive at certain
oases after just so much of journey, and
he knows when to avoid setting out IL a
khamseen threatens him. Yet these Arabs
are the persons who exclaim over every
occurrence: at is the will of Allah!"
A study of the history OF accidents that
have occurred i'm every section of this broad
land would lead the irreverent and the rev.
erent to agree that mainly the causation
was to be attributed to human carelessness
and indifference and Allah was concerned In
none of them.
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

relief in working conditions. OF the eighteen
wage disputes disposed of the court refused
increases in but three. In the others some
increase was granted In some of these
wage cases however the total wage budget
was not increased, but readjustment Of
the scale was made which seemed to be
more fair to the workers than the scale
formerly in effect
Labor on the whole has appeared to be
fairly well satisfied with its treatment in
the Court of Industrial Relations Only low
paid labor. however, has appealed to the
court. The workers receiving the highest
scale of wages have not found IL necessary
to come to the Court of Industrial Relations
and, Furthermore. seem to be hostile rather
than friendly toward the law. All of the
orders and judgments of the court so far
have been accepted by employers and en-
ployees alike with the exception of the last
one--the Wolff Packing Company case. In
that case the employer, the Wolff Packing
Company OF Topeka, Kan. has availed itself
of the provisions of section IL of the law
and has taken the matter for review to
the Supreme Court Of the state. Laborers
have I'm every case accepted the judgment
Of the Industrial Court. although they might
have demanded review by the Supreme
Court without any expense TO themselves.
The Industrial law permits the establish
ment Of minimum wage only. 1t is an
interesting fact that in some instances the
employers have voluntarily increased the
ware of some OF their employees above that
fixed by the court. This, as a rule, has
been done only i'm the case of skilled or
semi skilled laborers who under economic
conditions seem to be entitled to more than
a minimum wage.
Three original investigations have Neen
instituted by the court. one Of these was
the investigation Of the coal mining indus
try i'm southeastern Kansas. This was
probably the most important matter the
court has had before II since its organiza-
tion. It involved working conditions for
eight or ten thousaDd miners, the cost of
mining and transporting coal and other
matters Of general interest TO tho public.
During the progress Of this investigation
the court made informal bench orders Civ
ing relief TO the miners from some onerous
conditions which had existed. one Of these
referred TO what Is known as the check
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

sidered in this connection. The Spectator
Compay of New York publishes such figures,
The aggregate figures given by this pub
lcation for accidents taken care of by these
two associations follow:
Workmen's collective received in pre-
miums s324,109 and paid out s167.77l in
1919, tho ratio being Sis; in 1920 it re-
ceived s369,O1s and paid $1s2,713, a ratio
of 49.5.
Accident policies in 1919 bulk s30,s24,
2t7 and losses paid $11,407,762; in 1920
the total premium received was s37113,
776 and losses paid $t4,064,S54.
In automobile insurance the aggregate re-
port issued from this source showed:
In 1919, automobile. fire and theft
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

presiding Judge Of the Kansas Court OF
Industrial ReIdtions.)
TH Kansas industrial relations act
became operative January "a, 1920.
On February 2 following the Court
of Industrial Relations established by the
act was organized and began to function.
For the first year of the courts existence
it acted in the dual capacity of court of
industrial relations and public utilities
commission. The 1921 Legislature reestab-
lished the Public Utilities Commission and
relieved the Industrial Court of the burdens
of utility regulation.
From February 2, 1920, to the present time
MAY IS, 1921 thrty-one formal industrial
cases have been filed. twenty-five of these
have been decided and orders have been
issued Besides the formal cases. there have
been three original Investigations instituted
by the court. The court has also considered
many informal matters relating to industrial
conditions and contracts Of employment.
Labor Institutes Twenty-nine
OUT of Total of Thirty-one Cases
OF the thirty-one formal industrial con-
troversies instituted in the court twenty
nine have been brought by labor-twenty-
one by organized labor and eight by un-
organized groups of laborers. Two have been
brought by employers The Amalgamated
Association Of street and Electric Railway
Employees OF America, the international
brotherhood OF Electrical Workers the In
ternational Brotherhood of Stationary Fire
men and Oilers, the Amagamated Meat Cut
ters and Butchers Workmen of North
America, and the Brotherhood OF Railway
Carmen Of America-al labor organizations
affiliated with the American Federation OF
Labor-have filed cases for local unions In
Kansas. In many OF these cases the national
or international representatives have ap-
peared in court and testified or assisted In
the presentation OF the evidence.
One case was brought by group Of mem
bers OF various locak unions OF the United
Mine Workers Of America engaged In what
In called "shot firing" The United Mine
Workers Of America, under the dominance
Of Alexander Howat, Is violently opposed to
the Industrial law, but number OF the in
dividual members OF the local unions are In
sympathy with the law and with the court
In one case filed by organized labor the
open shop" had been maintained and the
complaint was treated by the court as a
complaint on behalf Of all employees, both
organized and unorganized.
or the twenty-nne suits brought by labor
iwerty-two involved wages seven involved
working conditions only. Some Of the TWEEN
ty-two cases involving wages also asked for
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
Appalling Toll Of Child Life
Shown in Red Cross Report

The American Red Cross has also com
piled statistics based on reports OF the De-
partment OF Labor and other official sources
1t blames the automobile largely for the
heartrending slaughter of children. putting
that agency very high in the list of acct
dents. The appalling total s that Of the
deaths of 10000 children annually by acci
dent.
Here is a brief summary from the tabula-
tion OF / 900 child deaths between the ages
Of and the number due to accident is 167.
while between the ages of 10 and IA years the
ratio is III TO the 1000
Some OF these deaths were caused by rail
road accidents and appear so designated in
the report issued this year by the Interstate
Commerce Commission. A summary from
this report shows that railroad accidents
are on the increase. In period of three
months 2,O4i persons were killed and 17947
injured.
Industrial accidents are compiled in the
report Of the American Red Cross. These
cause the death Of $1,000 persons annually
or every 10000 American workmen EN-
ployed in 1918 seven were killed. The total
latest for which complete statistics are
available. was 40 per cent Of tho number Of
Americans killed IN battle in the world war.
Railroads and street car companies en-
poy nearly 10000 men in the United
states. Out Of each group OF 900 nineteen
were killed by accident while at work. The
accident fatalities among railroad and street
car laborcrs in 1918 totalled $500
Coal and metal mining attained tho high
est death rate OF any Industry. with thirty
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

erty damage, premium $22,3s1,713, losses
paid $12,067,S17.
In 1920, automobile and teams prop
erty damage. premium s3S,995.912 losses
paid $20,227,44S, ratio 500.
The grand aggregates for all sorts Of
casualty insurance exhibit immense figures
These follow:
In 1919 premium received, $311,407.-
1874; losses paid, s12S, S,57s,421; ratio, 41.3.
In 1920 premium received, $396,3O1,-
SEQ; losses paid, $173.213,766; ratio, 4S.7.
In these aggregated figures the biggest
items are accident and workmen's COM
pensation. the latter virtually accident also.
The figures relating strictly to the subject
have been shown, those of workmens COM
pensation are thus presented:
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
NTS, NATIONS GREAT DRAIN, GROWING FAST

insurance transactions shows this spread "
the habit of looking ahead.
With the devastating and death dealing
progress of the automobile through the land
as another added horror a new field, ana
very profitable one, was opened to the com
panies whose province was casualty. Worse
than the Juggernaut' of Eastern fanaticism
for that heavy car took toll of human lie
only at the fringes of the field of humanity
which willingly lay down for it to roll over.
the automobile seems to be the most de-
structive agency of the present day. Its
heavy toll seems all the more shameful
because it rightly is cassed among the dan
gers that can be foreseen and guarded
against.
Fire runs the automobile pretty closely
for death records, and with it also go con-
ditions that are preventable. The needless
ness that throws a lighted match or a burn
ing cigarette into the tnder of an old build
ing the shftessness that permits the ac-
cumu,ation of oiled rags and other almost
self -combustible rubbish in the cellars Of
apartment buildings-and many city hres
are due to one or the other of these causes
ought to be made punishable offences. They
win not so easily be overlooked when the
available figures are studied showing to
what an enormous extent preventable ac-
cidents lift the toll of life and property.
Accident Claims Far Outgrow
The Increase in Population
The tremendous growth of accident claims
paid by the various companies In five years
ended January 1. 1920. is quite out of pro-
portion to the increase Of population. AS
the appended figures tell the story they are
given here without other. comment save
that their compilation is made from the
published reports Of the different COM
panies
n~.,o
port their aggregate personal accident claims
paid in five years in the following table:
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
sickness TraceabIe to Accidents
Cuts Nations Efficiency Onefourth

Accident leading to sickness of a passing
or a permanent nature is common cause
which reduces the efficiency of nation by
fourth and its productveness by an
almost uncountable amount in dollars. Pre-
ventable accidents, then, may be properly
defined as the nations greatest calamity.
OF these avoidable accidents those by fire
and automobile might most easily be guarded
against. Another general statement which
Is probablv far below the fact is that $4,000
men. women and children are burned 20
death in the United States every year. Fer
haps some of these are due to misadventure
which could not be foreseen or guarded
against, but the majority are due, so the
councils" set forth. to avoidabie conditions
which can be attributed only to careless
ness or indifference. The nation pays
terrific price for heedlessness and individual
selfshness.
A report TO Albany from the cities of New
York showed that during the year 1895 there
were 39,075 automobile accidents, resulting in
the death of 945 persons and injury to 22,734.
These figures do not include the rural dis
tricts. study Of the fatal accidents brought
out that they were caused largely py Iech-
less driving and speeding of automobiles
and th.s carelessness Of pedestrians Other
causes were specified as losing control OF
machinery. intoxcation, slippery pavements
and children playing in the streets.
The Statistical Bulletin of the Metropoli-
tan Life Insurance Company makes the fol-
lowing statement:
"Eighty-four lives of policy holders
we're lost in automobile accidents during
the month of April 1921. with rate OF
IA to the 100000
"On the basis of the mortality during
the frst quarter a new maximum rate
for this cause of death may be expected
for the year.
During the winter of 1921 the rate
has been mucn higher than for the COR
responding period of last year.
Unless there shall be a pronounced
change for the better an increased toll
of human life will be charged TO the
automobile"
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
In Workmen's Compensation

The workmen's compensation, which in
sures the liability and agrees to pay the
compensation and the medical, surgical and
hospital expenses and medicines provided
for in the workmen's compensation act in
the States where the business operations of
the insured are carried on, furnishes figures
by which those in the foregoing table may
be checked up. And the workmen's colec-
tive, which insures the employees of indus
trial enterprises against loss of time from
personal injury received, must also be con-
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

premium received s69,352 and losses paid
s26.761, a ratio of 41.
In 1920. automobile, fire and theft, pre-
MUM 1922, ,662, losses paid s65.602, ratio
2S.2.
In 1919. automobile liability. premium
s33a, ,7O7. losses paid s15s,s6s, ratio ass.
In 1920, automobile liability, premium
s7s7,1O1, losses paid s24s,3s5, ratio 31.7.
In 1919. automobile and teams prop
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

also prosecuted for contempt of the injunc-
ton and were fined and required to give a
bond conditioned that they should not call
another strike. They have appealed this
case also to the Supreme Court.
Section 10 of the Industrial act makes il a
felony for a labor union officer to use his
influence and power as such to induce, impel
or compel others to strike Mr.. Howat,
president, and Mr. Dorchy vice-presdent of
the district, have been indicted under Section
10 and cited to appear for trial before a
jury in the District Court upon the felony
charge.
Every attack against the constitutionality
OF the Industrial act which has been deter
mined has resulted favorably to the consti-
tutionality of the law; but the law is so new
that there is much in regard to its constitu-
tionality yet to be determined by the courts
of last resort. The friends of the act have
the utmost confidence in its constitution
ality.
Court Passes on the Eight Hour Question
And "Ons Man, One Job" Rule
The court has passed upon the question of
the eight hour day. and has held that in
some occupations the eight hour day should
he the basic workday-for instance, in the
business OF meat packing. In others IL has
fixed a basic day of nine hours--for in
stance I'm the operation OF street and inter-
urban electric cars. 1t has also ruled against
the "one man, one job" rule of the unions in
a case in which that rule was the cause Of
economic waste. In that case the court de-
clared that any economic waste i'm any of the
essential industries must be finally paid for
by the consumers. Even this order was
quiesced in and accepted by labor as well as
capital
The court has defined fair wage to be:
"A wage which will enable the workers to
procure for themselves and their families
all the necessaries and a reasonable share
OF the comforts of life. They entitled
to wage which will enable them by in
dustry and economy not only to supply
themselves with opportunities for intellectual
advancement and reasonable recreation but
also to enable the parents working together
to furnish to the children ample opportuni-
ties for intellectual and moral advancement
for education and for an equal opportunity
in the race OF life. A fair wage will also
allow the frugal man to provide reasonably
for sickness and old age" It has adhered
in all of its wage fixing orders to that
definition.
While we realize thoroughly that "ths
Kansas experiment is not yet demonstra-
ton" the experience of little more than a
year has encouraged us greatly to believe
that time will demonstrate the practicability
Of the plan
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

In the subjoined table. showing damage
claims paid by companies doing an automo-
bile insurance business, 1t is regrettable that
the custom is to bulk together claims for
theft and fire. The latter is said to consti-
tute less than fourth part of the total
Nineteen companies show the damage claims
that were paid in five years ending January
l. 1920. as follows:
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

~ ELIEVERS in the necessity OF wars
* to prevent the earth from being
- overwhelmed by humanity like the
island where pair of rabbits was let loose
and propagated themselves by millions. re-
ceive setback to their arguments from the
statisticians. The latter say that where
war claims victim accident takes four.
This ratio is derived from the world war,
during which 81, 600 Americans were killed
in battle, whereas right at home with no
battles going on 126,000 Americans met
death in accidents during the same period.
These were the figures presented. at the
latest conference of the Health and Accident
Underwriters.
IT is said that every year more than H.
100000 persons: about one-tenth of the total
population of the United States, fall down
stairs. get run over. drown. lean too far
out of the window or peer into gun they
didn't think was loaded" meeting death
or injury in these and kindred ways.
The findings of the National Safety Coun-
ciI's thirty-ninth annual convention give the
death. from automobile and railroad acci-
dents. from falls, burns, fires and explosions
and from drowning and industrial casualties.
Summing these up it is found that the auto
mobile is responsible for more deaths than
any other two accident agencies. The ratio
OF deaths as to sex was II men for woman
and for children under ls it was boys
for each girl.
But these committees and councils are
only straws that show the annual drain on
the population of the country by what de-
serve to be called violent deaths. There are
No accurate statistics of accidents and deaths
due to accident. And no system has yet been
devised which might make such stausucs
available.
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

Twenty-Five mutual old line life companies
show the following personal accident claims
paid in five years by the accident depart
ments:
The New York herald., 1921-07-03

Startling Figures Shown by Analysis Of Various Types Untowad
Happenings With Motor Cars Furnishing Large Percentage In
creased Fatalities and njuriesuman Toll Exceeds That of
War Fourfod While Money Losses Run Into the Hun
dreds, of Millions Often Preventabe
The New York herald., 1921-07-03
BY Judge w. L. HUCCINS..

presiding Judge Of the Kansas Court OF
Industrial Reldtions.)
TINE Kansas industrial relations act
became operative January "a, 1920.
The Nevada County picayune., 1921-01-20

front of him and behind him a country as irresolute as himself. As he saw the Union falling to pieces he hoped on that if could he patched together again by another old-fashioned com- promise. All the while there were southern members of his cabinet who were staying in Washington only to ship federal war supplies south and to aid in the preparations for destroy ing the government.
 Edwin NJ. Stanton of Ohio, although himself Breekinridge Democrat, bluntly warned Buchanan: You are sleeping on volcano. The ground Is mined all around and under you and ready to explode, and without prompt and energetic action you will be the last president of the United States"
 ''Mr. Stanton" pleaded the feeble old man, flor Gods sake come In and help me"
 The first day that Stanton took his seat at Buchanan's cabinet table he told the secretary of war, Floyd of Virginia, that he fought to be hanged on a gallows higher than Haman's" for having ordered Major Anderson. with out the knowledge of the president. to stay in a defenseless old fort at Charleston harbor instead of trans ferring himself to Fort Sumter, as the major had done in defiance of orders.
 Before the middle of January the cabinet was reorganzed and Buchanan was surrounded by stanch Union men, who swept him along at pace which sometimes left him breathlesS. The new secretary of the treasury, John A. Dix, quietly reported one day that he had sent to New Orleans his now famous message: If any man at- tempts to haul down the American flag shoot him on the spot"
 "Did you write such a letter as that?" Buchanan exclaimed.
 No" Dix replied, "I telegraphed It."
 Had Buchanan been a man of iron instead of putty probably he could have done no good in that chaotic interregnum between the election and inauguration of his successor. If he had taken any step which should have hastened Virginia and Maryland into revolt there would have been no na- tional capital on March 4, 1861. The retiring president would only have made heavier, perhaps impossible. the task which he wearily laid upon a stouter soul when he transferred the presidency to Lincoln and sadly tot tered into the shadows.
The Nevada County picayune., 1921-01-20
Advertise in the Daily Picayune.
AN ENTHUSIASTIC MEETING.

About seyenty-fiye of PreScOtt'S choice women met at the home of Mrs. John NJ. Pittman yesterday afternoon and heard Mrs Minnie L. Rutherford Fuller's practical address on social re form and the necessity of every woman who cares and who desires to lend a hand" toward making this a place worth while for the unfortunate as well as the fortunate. to live in, 10 clasp hands with hers. bound by the little white ribbon, symbol of all that God and women can do for the human race. for intensive and practical efforts right now Nearly every one preseni, with glowing face accepted the chal- lenee and the big task, was launched with Mrs. John NJ Pittman, president Mrs George r. Cress, vice-president : Mrs. Warren Cummins. recording see retary Mrs (. C. Calhoun. corren= bonding secretary. and Mrs. T C. Me Rae. Jr,, treasurer.
 Thus starts the new year with its big tasks of law=enfnrcement. Americani- zation. social morality. child-welfare and juvenile courts, scientific temper aHee institutions. medal contest work the young peopel's branch, the Loyal Temperance Legion, Sabbath obSerV- ance. Bible reading in the public schools. and q host of other things that have been the work of the W. c. T. L.. ever since its conception, but which was partially lost to view by the un- observant. on account of the emphasis that had to be laid on the annihilation of the liquor traffic
 Let every woman in Prescott enlist Call us up and give us your name Don't stay out, You rob yourself of much ser1 ice which should be joy to you. besides you lose the association nf those women who are the salt of the earth"
The Nevada County picayune., 1921-01-20

ID ECAUSE the drama of history. ID like that of the theater, must have its heroes and villains, James Buchanan has been painted all black in the opening scene of the Civil war, loaded down with all the weaknesses and sins of his generation and ban ished forever into the wilderness. Any one can see now, with the aid of hind- sight. what Buchanan should have done, but not what he could have done.
 The North itself. in the bewildering winter of 1S6O-61 was far from agreed that secession could or should be stopped by force. Let the Union slide" the abolltionists said. "Let the erring brethren go," said Horace Gree ley. "wayward sisters, depart In peace" General Scott would have said to the seeding states.
 In common with the politicians of his fast vanishing time Buchanan clung to the idea that freedom rather than slavery was to blame for all the trouble He had not gone with Doug las and the northern wing of the di- vided Democrats in the campaign of 1860, but had sided with the southern CTS and voted for Breckinridge.
 When the first state seeded he was already within ten weeks of the end of his term, with q hostile congress In