davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

doesn't perish ii. e.. melt(, it does
you no good, for that is when it
gives up its cold. A mild winter,
when little ice is made in Natures
factory, is just as apt as not to be
followed by very long, hot sum-
mer. Little she wot's of supply
and demand, and less she cares. So
much for trusting to nature for an
ice crop.
AS to quality and cleanliness. Now
Nature can make good ice--espe-
cially from running water, which
purifies itself, but she is a very un-
even worker, both as to quality and
cleanliness. 1t is rather good luck
than good management in her case,
and right here is where the artificial
ice expert gets the best of Nature.
Good management and foresight"
IS his slogan. He purifies the water,
or selects his supply. The ice is
made and harvested under perfectly
sanitary conditions, and it can be
made throughout the winter months
and kept for the season of high de-
mand, regardless of climate. The
condensers, the ammonia, the brine
and the agitators keep right on work
ing, be the winter warm or cold.
Not only is the product stabilized
but the labor conditions are steadied
as we'll Here are three or four mil
lion tons of ice to be furnished New
York alone in the course of the year
and the greater part Of it laid down
not at your door but in your refrig
orator, during the five months of the
! peak demand.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
Special Features of the
Prize Plant at Flushing

On the way to Flushing a huge
windowless brick structure doomed
up across the greensboro Bridge,
which is the ice storage house used
to meet the embarrassing demand
of the hot summer months in the
Long Island section especially. The
Knickerbocker and its affiliated
companies has storage capacity
of 265,000 tons of ice in the six
Eastern cities where it operates,
and one day during the last week
was able to meet an emergency call
for 100000 pounds of ice in
greater New York, service that
could never have been rendered but
Cor the storage" principle that is
one Of this compeny's guiding stars.
But on to Flushing. Here is a
reinforced concrete building, built
with a view to doubling it's capacity
easily, and as it stands putting out
about eighty tens of ice Z day and
storing 10000 tons in the adjoining
section.
As to operation there are a few
points of difference from the
Broome Street plant. An electric
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
By Anne Lewis Pierce
Director Trib7tne Institute

TT is always the way. Air, water,
sunlight. the things we could not
+ live without, that give us
sense Of luxury and pleasure as we'll
as of health, and general well-being
the very background and founda-
ton of comfortable living these are
the things that we take for granted,
and utterly fail to appreciate until
they fail US.
Ice is specialized water-so to
speak. 1t is a matter of life and
death to the baby. 1t is a necessity
to the housekeeper, both economic
and labor-saving in preserving her
foods and making bulk marketing
possible; and it is the first and last
word in food quality and gustatory
pleasure. Salads and fruits are
failures unless cold and crisp; butter
and milk, cream and meats become
absolutely dangerous, and summer
beverages must tinlle as we'll as be
chilled to deliver a maximum of JOY.
Leftovers would be only for the
garbage pail were it not for ice, so
economy is served as we'll. In short,
whether you are out for pleasure,
profit or health-you must have ice.
Try housekeeping even casually for
one or two, without benefit of ice,
and see in how many places your
menu and your pocketbook will be
'pinched" if there is no refrigerator
the family. AS some one has OBJ
served that you cannot even "say it
with flowers" if it were not for the
ice box-much the less can you say
with milk!
There are tragic phases of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

electric apparatus like the uphoi-
stery tool on vacuum cleaner, with
which the horses are groomed.
The secret of the glistening,
satiny TANKS and necks on work
ing horses" was out. One was get
ting a massage and facial" while
we were there. Did he like it? No
chorus girl or tired business man
ever liked it better. He wrinkled
his nose and arched his neck and
posed like a statue while the
nozzle took dirt and WEAKNESS out
Of his hide together.
All big pieces of work have their
Observation-Disclosures they are
just as worth while as the main is
sue. And perhaps the content of
the horses is deepened by the fact
that they help drag free ice to the
stations of the Babies Welfare AS
ISOLATION, for the poor who need ice
most but are least able to procure
it. We would only suggest this in
passing, for in the Knickerbocker or
ganlzation welfare work is apparent
iy the one secret ACTIVITY
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

pump raises pure water from an
artesian we'll to be frozen into ice.
And into the cans where this pure
water is $xpzen two rods are in
serted, and the ice is lifted out by
a transverse bar connecting them.
In this way the raising of the cans
and dipping them into hot water is
eliminated.
You can always distinguish the
sanitary, manufactured ice either
by the core and triangular depres-
sion at the top or the two imprints
of the rods running through its
length. This plant was plainly che
apple of Mr.. Oler's eye, both as to
quality production, capacity and
preparation for the future and for
emergency.
Double walls, the outside one of
concrete, have filing of ten
inches of wood shavings between
them as insulation to protect its
stored crop.
Up a narrow stairway some sixty
six feet, round and round, we went,
to one side of us solid wall of ice,
in the now familiar 300-pound
cakes. Finally, at the top, we
stepped out on a solid flooring office
cakes, about seventy-fve feet
square, with the consciousness that
this solid mass of ice extended forty
feet below us.
The electric lights came out here
and there, obedient to a button
punched below, the frosted pipes
glistened like thousand Christ
masses, and one felt that the ic'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

GF TIE Knickerbocker ice Co..
~ WHO has been farseeiuo.
energetic pioneer i'm the field OF
making sanitary ice and STORING 1t
in enormous quantities at cenfers
of "peak" demand
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
Why the Wheels Go Round
Literally and Figuratiyely

At one end of the line the wheels
are fguratively driven by the
vision, organization ability and en-
thusiasm of Wesley M. Oler, who
first had the faith to sink capital
in the storage of artificially made
ice, to see the service and the prac-
ticality of beating nature at her
own game by making pure ice and
storing it. 1t takes faith and vision
to believe in storage costs on a
bulky, perishable product to be de-
livered at the house at so cents a
hundred. You must see "big" to
see it at all.
At the other end of the line, the
final cause so to speak in the chain
that delivers your ice and turns the
wheels that brings it to you, are the
horses. Now, it may not be "food,"
and it may not be Science" but we
must talk about them for a few
inches, for we are the sort of per-
son who sees red, despite all philos-
ophy, when a person from behind
abuses defenseless animal, tied in
the shafts and wearing binders.
We have reasoned with ourselves
about it, determined to be gentle
and persuasive and philosophical
when it happened-but we never
have been, not once. SO it was a
festival Of great joy to gaze upon
the contented horses in the stalls
of the Knickerbocker stables. Mr.
Oler doesn't believe in horses in
cities, he says-motors for him;
they don't breed flies. Never
theless, he seems bent on making
the sunset of the race of horses as
happy as possible.
On top of one of the stables is
a roof garden, where they can cool
off! Yes there is, it is at 184th
Street and Amsterdam Avenue.
At the Sixty-third Street stable
which is an old-fashioned home, we
were told, with comforts but few
modern improvements were
evidences of beauty parlor. from
a horses point of view. Well lmec
stalls with fresh bedding, trough.
with running water, commodiou,
separate ward for horses who ar,
"off their oats" light and Air afte,
the days work for all, and ar
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
IT'S
the DAYS work Is done

rent into low to keep the wheels
turning. The liquid ammonia next
runs into the double pipe con-
densers, where it is surrounded by
brine containing the heat absorbed
from the ice in the freezing tanks.
For in freezing you take heat from
the water to be made into ice, you
90 net put cold into it! The heat
absorbed by the ammonia causes it
to boil, converting it into gas.
which returns again to the COM
preseor to be again liquefed. 1t is
an endless chain. Some of this
brine, which is at IA degrees above
zero, is elected to freeze the ice
and some of it runs through the
coils in the receiving rooms and
storage houses, keeping the room
temperature at about 20 degrees.
The Waterfall on the Roof
The heat that the ammonia has
taken from the brine is transmitted
to the water surrounding the con-
denser, and this must be continually
cooled, which is done by energetic
little 3foot motors which pump
the water through cooling tanks
and then to the cooling tower on
the roof. This rises 40 feet above
the roof and the water falls through
some sixteen tiers of perforated
metal tables, and is cooled and re-
freshed, to return and take up it's
round of duties again. The splash
ing, dripping, misting water seems
to be enjoying itself with the air as
it is made ready for work again.
In the Caves of Cold
After these detours let us go back
to the main road
The room where the ice is actual
ly made looks perfectly empty. A
sort of gnome's cave, with a wide
expanse Of flooring cut up into
small trapdoors, bearing heavy
hasps, through which appear, how
ever, not gnomes, but two twin cans
of ice, each one A by % by IL
inches and weighing 800 pounds
apiece. For it is here, in sanitary
cans and surrounded by brine, that
the ice is actually frozen.
Each can is filled with Croton
water, pure as that you drink to
start with, and then filtered four
times before it is good enough to be
frozen into sanitary ice. And be-
sides this, it being a ~ell-known
fact that "motion purifes," a stream
of compressed air is run into each
can from the top, which keeps the
freezing mass Of water moving,
throwing any impurities in solution
into the center as the cake freezes
from the outside until slightly
yellow core is formed. This is with
drawn, the space filed with pure
water and the freezing completed in
about forty-eight hours time.
Then the can is raised on crane
from the freezing tank beneath the
floor, dipped in warm water, just as
you would submerge your can of ice
cream to loosen it from the mold,
tipped and slid out onto an automatic
platform. which lets it fall through
| into the Mcsiving room below.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
Nv calls winter

And that receiving room, with
its darkness relieved by a few cleo
trio bulbs, its GOODNESS ard quiet,
the gathering company of hundreds
of 300-pound ice cakes, blue-white
and clear--it made one long to be
polar bear and settle down for
July and August, anyway.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

situation, too. These you will find
in small towns and country places,
where women struggle with heat and
small children with no ice man to
help them. Frantic tales come to
us sometimes from Jersey towns
nearby. One woman with a two
year-old baby wrote Of carryino' ice
in pail for a mile or two, to try to
keep the milk from souring. Just sit
down one of these hot days and for
five minutes picture to yourself a
world without ice, and you will find
a deep appreciation of the ice man
he be president or wagon driver
replacing the general crouch that
some of us harbor toward the pur-
veyors Of life's necessaries.
The Recipe and Technique
Employed i'm Ice Making
Perhaps you think that ice re-
quires no skill in the making? Just
"take water and freeze" so to
speak. Listen to the problems of
the ice man for a moment and the
way he solves them, and when the
ice tinkles in the glass of rejoic-
ing the next time it will sound all
the merrier for knowing the care
and skill and service, the clean
illness and foresight that went into
its making.
First come down to the Broome
and Elizabeth Street plant of the
Knickerbocker Ice Company (there
are nineteen Of these scattered
about greater New York;. Here
$50 tons of ice are made daily, and
all vanish, like dew before the sun,
by 10 o'clock in the morning. In
deed, the day we were there last
week, the supply was exhausted by
7 a. m. At 2:30 in the morning
the place is riot of activity-that
is part Of the effort and service
that it takes to ice your morning
cantaloupe, make good the ravages
of twenty-four hours heat on your
ice box and "carry on" till dinner
time. The plant is never closed.
Three shifts keep it running the
twenty-four hours round.
The Machinery
The streets here swarm with chill
dren, four small boys were having
game of cards and cigarette
(mention it not to the authors of
blue laws), in the cool shade of the
entrance The company's chief
stepped around them carefully and
looked out over the hot, swarming
street. "Next years plans call for
600 tons day and 10,0o0-ton
storehouse here. Pm going to give
them all ice," he said. 1t is one
Of the interesting paradoxes of
nature-how much warm hearted
ness and concentration, how much
heat and electricity it takes to
make and distribute ice.
But come inside. Four 1o0-ton
compressors in trim black and red
uniforms, are urged on by electric
power to compress the ammonia
into gas. These we're formerly
run by oil, but now the huge trans
formers outside the doorway are
busy converting high tension cur.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

Five hundred wagons, 1,0C0 horses,
120 two to six-ton trucks, 900 men,
this is the Knickerbocker army that
helps to mobilize the ice supply of
Greater New York. Besides keeping
the plants running all winter to pro-
vide both work and ice, life insurance
is carried by the company on the
mems behalf and they are given an
opportunity to acquire stock in the
company on easy payments, chance
that 70 per cent of the employees i'm
prove.
The deliveries are so routed and
arranged that in order to keep to
schedule and enable patrons ''to
set their watches by the ice man" a
driver must be trained and know
his clientele. Not anybody can Just
drop in and drive an ice wagon.
Don't imagine it! For every six
routes there is a foreman who rides
esl OOilo Will VIC QIIVeI anu sees
that he has his bushes in hand.
He sticks with a new driver until
he knows his customers. There are
fifty such foremen, fifteen depot
superintendent to make another
link in the chain of service and two
division superintendent, who make
the final roundup. Sounds like a
railroad, doesn't it? 1t is-a sys~
tenn for railroading ice to your ice
box the year round, whether you
want fifteen pounds or five hundred.
Emergency orders and extra GUS
toners are welcomed, and can get
service on telephone orders immedi.
ately if wagon OR truck is in.
And all this for three fifths of
cent pound, if you live in Man
haitian, Brooklyn or the Bronx, in
GLIDING two men and two horses at
your door. AS in most food costs,
service is at least 80 per cent of
the return on the money spent.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
Stabilizing a Seasonal,
PerishabIe Product

Mary Quite Contrary was a
true daughter of Old Dame Nature.
1t takes all of mans ingenuity and
creative power to keep up with the
vagaries of this ancient dame and
to adapt her wonderful ways to
the desires of mankind. Take ice
1t grows" naturally In the winter
when you don't want it; in the
coolest places, farthest away from
the hottest places, where it will be
wanted most in the summer. 1t is
perishable, very much so, and if it
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31

industry was certainly stabilized.
That August and September might
be hotter than July, and still the
children's milk would be cooled, the
meats would not spoil and even the
beverages of pleasure be chilled.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
PRESBYTERIAN SOCIAL

The following original invitation
was issued by circle No. 8 of the mis-
sionary society of the Presbyterian
church:
On Monday evening at 8 o'clock
At the home of Mrs. G. S. Scott
We're going to have lots of fun
And plenty to eat,
And all we want 1.-THE
Size of your feet.
Take the number of your shoe
And multiply by five.
Take the number of your child's
Shoe and multiply by one,
And we hope that you and your
family will come.
In response to the invitation a large
crowd went to the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. G.. S. Scott. anticipating a de-
lightful time an da pleasant evening,
and they were not disappointed.
Mrs. Scott acted as hostess of the
evening, greeting the people as they
arrived. She was assisted during the
evening by Mrs. Allison Wartmann,
Mrs. M. w. Lloyd. Mrs. Fred Robinson
and Mrs. Grider Perkins, of the en-
tertainment committee. From the
time one entered the door, where your
feet were measured by Mr.. Harry
Borland, to the time one departed
there was not dull moment. Prob
ably one of the most amusing of the
guessing contests was that of the
originals of old photographs of mem
bers of the Presbyterian church. The
pictures as well as the guesses
brought forth gales of laughter.
The entire house was beautifully
decorated with Easter lilies and sweet
peas. The dining room was unusually
pretty with its color scheme of pink.
In the center of the table was placed
big bow lof pink poppies and from
the chandelier and the four corners
of the room were suspended pink
.streamers. The refreshments consist
ing of strawberry. ice, a variety of
home made cake and coffee, were
served cafeteria style. Mrs. 4. G..
Blake, Mrs. r. B. Bullock. Mrs. T. W.
Troxler and Mrs. John Taylor had
charge of the refreshments. The
plates were unusually pretty, with
their lace doilies surrounded by pink
crepe paper ruff1es, fourther carrying
out the pink motif.
The affair proved most delightful,
and a very enjoyable evening was
spent besides bringing in for the
circle very substantial returns, the
amount of $50 being made.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
HELP Of THE PRESS
ASKED BY HARDING
President Could Not Attend Meeting
IN New York Today, but was
Pledged the Good viii of
His Fellow Publishers
ASSOCIATED Press)

New York. April ga letter from
President Harding bespeaking a con-
tlnuance of the lofty motives that in
spired American newspapers during
the war was read today at the annual
luncheon of the Associated Press at
the Waldorf-Astoria- Regretting that
ne could not attend the luncheon of
fellow publishers, the president ex-
pressed the hope that the administra-
tion would be able to deserve and re-
tain the lavish measure of good will
and confidence accorded him thus far.
Frank B. Noyes, president of the
Associated Press, in behalf of the
gathering, pledged its support and
sympathy to President Harding in the
lgreat tasks he is confronting and
gave the only toast offered on these
occasions to the president of the
United States.
The guest of honor at the luncheon,
which is held in connection with the
annual meeting, was John W. Davis,
formerly ambassador to Great Brit
ain, who made his first appearance be-
fore the members as general counsel
of the Associated Press.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
GIVE THE LEGISLATORS
TEN DOLLARS A DAY

Tallahassee, April 25.-The first
time a call of counties is made in the
House this week for the introduction
of new bills there will be one dropped
in the hopper for the purpose of in
creasing the pay of the members of
the legislature to ten dollars a day.
The measure has already been drawn
and will be presented by Representa-
tive Busto. of Monroe county. 1t will
of course be in the nature of a joint
resolution proposing an amendment to
the constitution and will have to be
ratified by the popular vote of the
people before it can become effective.
Tampa Times.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
COOPER ESCAPED
FROM SOVIET CAMP
Representative of Florida in the
kOsciuskO Squadron is
Safe at Riga
ASSOCIATED Press)

Riga, April 26.-Captain Merton
Cooper, of Jacksonville, Fla, the
Kosciusko Squadron fiier shot DOWN
on the Polish front and captured by
the bolsheviki last July, escaped from
a prison camp near Moscow April II
and arrived in Riga today.
Cooper was accompanied here by
two Polish officers. The American
aviator while serving with the Poles
in their operations last summer dis
appeared behind the soviet lines In
Galicia, July 18th. 1t was learned
last September he was prisoner in
Russia. Numerous efforts have been
made since to obtain his release, but
without success,
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
WOULD BE LENIENT
WITH THE GENTLEMEN"

Tallahassee, April 26-"Gentlemen"
convicts would be spared the humilia-
ton of wearing stripes under the
terms of a bill introduced in the
House by Representative Davis. He
would have the county commissioners
authorized to attire the convicts IN
distinctive" dress
Mr.. Davis says that many young
men of good families are sentenced to
work on the CT unity roads for misde-
meanors and they should not be re-
quired to wear the regulation Uniform
Only those committing felony or
a more serious offense and sentenced
to the state farm at Raiford should
be required TO wear the stripes, ae-
cording to Mr.. Davis
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
NO DECISION ANNOUNCED
THE CROP SITUATION

Gainesville, April 26.-The colo
snap of last week slightly damaged
crops in some localities, and cool
nights and continued dry weather
over a large part of the state have
checked plant growth, according to
the report of the bureau of crop esti-
mates of the federal department of
agriculture in its weekly review of
crop conditions in Florida for the
week ending April %.
The stand of corn is generally good
but it is making slow growth. Oats
are being harvested with fine harvest
ing weather prevailing. The yields
are generally low.
Recent rains in the cotton section
of the state have been beneficial to
that crop.
The Irish potato crop continues to
move rapidly. Planting of sweet po-
tatoes is going forward in West Flor
ida The pueninsula is waiting for
rain.
Rains in West Florida have i'm
proved the condition of hay.
The condition of tobacco is reported
generally good.
Dry weather is having an adverse
effect on range cattle. Hogs ares IN
good condition and marketing is pro-
ceeding at a lively pace
Melons and truck are reported as
recovering from the frost damage of
last week.
The bureau reports that the sugar
cane acreage will show a healthy in
crease over last year. The condition
of early peanuts is good but a de-
crease in acreage is said to be prob
able.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1921-04-26
REDUCED FARES FOR
STATE LEGION REUNION

Orlando, April 26.-Reduced rail-
road rates will be granted delegates
to the annual state reunion here May
1917 of the American Legion, accord
ing to announcement by State Adju-
tant Lowry at Tampa. The round
trip rate will be one and one-half
times the regular fare for one way.
Local committees have already
raised more than $4,000 towards the
desired $500 for the entertainment of
the veterans. 1t is expected 10000
visitors will attend.