The Raymer enterprise., 1921-03-31
BAKU: OIL CITY OF THE
CASPIAN

hussla against the BOlBllevik regime
voices among other interesting ques-
tons that Of whether ltaku, the great
oil city Of Asia, now surrounded by
B0lshevik governments, will be once
more thrown open to world commerce.
This city In the heart of one Of the
worlds greatest petroleum fields, has
been practically bottled up since the
fall Of the Russian empire.
The city Of Baku, built In the form
of an amphitheater ON the south side
OF the ApsherOn peninsula, which juts
far out into the Caspian sea- Is the
Tampico Of the Slay domain. Two
vast oil fields, containing more than
2,IOO wells, make II the chief oil CEN
ter OF Europe. During the World war,
had the Teutonic powers succeeded In
reaching II before the British forces
occupied 1t. the blow would have been
even more serious to the allied cause
than was the seizure Of the Roumani.
an oil fields by the German army Of
occupation.
According to a census the year be-
fore the outbreak Of the war, Baku
was "A city about the present size Of
Providence. X. l., Columbus. Ohio. or
Louisville, Ky. 1t was the chief city
Of the Russian province Of the same
name, but In recent years the province
has formed a government Of It's own
under the name Of the Republic Of
Azerbaijan. Baku is situated In the
midst OF an unattractive, treeless
plain which stretches along the west
ern shores Of the Caspian. The Cas-
plan is "a feet below sea level, and
Baku rises only 80 feet above the
great inland sea, SO that It IL more
than SO feet below the ocean level.
Many centuries ugo the Persian nrs
worshipers discovered that the nat
ural gases issuing from assures In the
rocks. near Baku would burn, and
there may be seen, a few miles from
the city. the remains of one of their
ancient temples.
The upper part Of the city, CORE
spending to the hack rows Of an
amphitheater, ls the picturesque Tatar
quarter, with Its many narrow lanes
and oriental bazaars. A fifteenth-cen:
tury palace Of the khans Is In very
dilapidated condition, and has been
used for many years by the Russians
rs military magazine. The most
Characteristic structure In the town
IL the massive Kis Kale, or Maidens'
Tower, which rises to height Of lat
feet and which issn0w used as q light
house, II dates from the Byzantine
period.
Four fifths of all the oil produced In
the Russian empire comes from the
Baku fields. The high-water-mark Of
production was reached In 1902 when
the output Of the district was nearly
ten million tons Of crude petroleum.
In 1905. however, there was dis
astrous fire which considerably cur.
tailed production for time. The
latest authentic figures on production
are those for 1918 when little more
than seven million tons was produced.
Much Of the output of the wells, which
vary in depth from 800 to 1000 feet,
was transported by pipe Mne to Batum
on the Black sea, but Baku is also
connected by rail with this seaport
as well as with Rostoy.on-th Don.
In addition to Its oil interest, Baku
had drydocks. -four mills, sulphurIc
acid works and tobacco factories. II
was the chief entrepot for raw cotton,
silk. fruits, dried Ash. wines and rice
produced in Persia md the Transcau-
casus territory.
The town derives Its name from the
squalls (badkube) which are frequent.
ly very violent on this part Of the
Caspian coast.