The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-12-22

standing the fact that there was no
science of Psychology in existence.
Nevertheless he understood the human
mind SO well and to such perfection
that modern psychology has no crit
icism Of his characters, as for IN
stance, Othello is = Moor. Julius Cae-
sar Roman, Hamlet q Danish Prince.
Hamlet is scholar and thinker Of
his day; we find that Hamlet's mind
is characterized by naturalization of
his mental activities by a counteract-
ing mental manifestation. Taking this
in account we understand why it takes
so much dramatic effort and mental
struggle until Hamlet finally carries
out his original plan. ,s
i In Macbeth we find two conspicuous
characteristics, namely, conscience and
ambition, which seem to be almost Of
equal strength. It takes a long time
until Macbeth commits murder, and
after that he struggles a long time,
by objectifying his mental struggle,
and blames for it his surrounding
characters, until he finally goes down
in the struggle.
y The XIX century was noted for wip-
ing out the feudal state Of the Middle
Ages, and for freeing the new genera
tion from Greek and Roman influence,
or Classicism. Tradition and custom
were replaced by reason and free in
vestigation. The exponents of the new
social class, the so-called third estate,
tried to explain social phenomena by
the aid Of natural sciences. Three ma
tions appear on the historical stage
following. each other. England appear
ed first. Here were shaped the first
weapons Of attack In England were
made the. first great discoveries in
Physics and Social Science. The ex-
ponents of the new ideas in England
were Lock and Berkeley, but on ac-
count Of it's geographic situation, the
actual spreading of these new ideas
went over to France, and French lit
eratura Of the XVIII century became
the exponent Of a new era, while Ger
many joined last. The exponents OF
the new philosophy in France were
Montesque, Voltaire, Rousseau, Dali
embert, Diderot, and in Germany we
meet Leibnitz, Lessing and Kant.
Romanticism was preceded by the
period Of Storm and Stress. This
movement was opposed to tradition,
routine, custom, pedantry, scholacti-
cism, traditional pedagogy, social laws
but exhibited respect and sympathy to
morality and righteousness.
On this ground grew up Goethe
with his first poems, and even first
beginnings Of Faust On the basis OF
this the young Schiller challenged So
ciety with his Robbers; this was not
only a challenge but conviction OF
society as well. The heritage Of the
XVIII century transmitted to the XIX 81.
century was dissatisfaction with So
[cial conditions. Mental contradictions
associated with gloomy reflection OF
life. The hopeful intcllectuals expert
enced contradiction between ideals
and reality. Besides these character
istics Goethe and Schiller were trans
mitted to the XIX century. Goethe tha
thinker, naturalist, and poet. Schiller
was also great, but great as 9 poet
only. Goethe's Faust represents q re-
action against the contention g; g;
French philosophers, VINO malntAneo 8
that there was no limit to the nc.
achievements Of the human mind
Faust i. 2 scholar who has studlee
theology, medicine, law and pi,lloso
ply; and finds that after al ne knows
less than before. This mental re-ac
/ tion corresponds TO the Napoleonl' 'tall'
wars and political reactions n Europe
The Romantic Movement Or Ro
manticism Is q term applied 70 tn'
/ literary and art phases Of 2 genera, z,
revolu tionary movement in politics, =
religion: society, G dsI,ns sns iass .a sn,rs .s