Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-02

Answers to Last W eekS 0ueSS'
/. Zero weather requires almost
| three times as much alcohol IN the
cooling system as 10 degrees above
zero REQUIRES. Five degrees above
calls for about twice as much anti
freeza solution as a 10-degree tenn
nerature. For instance, the cooling
system. which has water capacity
Of about six gallons REQUIRES iour
and three -fourths pints OF aicohoi "
keep the water from freeZing Wns
the temperature is 10 degrees apose
! zero. For 5 above, nine and one nd !
pints of alcohol are necessary. anu
for zero. twelve pints. TO pc on ne
safe side add more alcohol II .he
temperature is expected 10 crop pe
low zero About nineteen pin.s
1t will prevent the water from lfeen
ing at as low temperature
degrees below the zero marx.
The function of the automoplie
eng;ne's cooling system Is not TO coOi
the gases which explode IN the c!
inders as is often supposed. but 10
keen the walls of the cylinders from
oyerheating The energy OF the en-
gine ia derived from these burning
and expanding gases. Ihey snou,u
not be cooled. but it is necessary ~
cool the cylinders to prevent seiA'"e
of the pistons within. -
q with the gasoline now In use.
the average mixture consldereu pess
for combustion in the cylinders o! al
automobile engine Is from lou go ~
to seventeen parts of air 70 one par
of gasoline. Less ar Is. uod nd
more gasoline for slow speed anu
mower work, while more ar ana iess
gas is drawn into the cyilnoers iol
Economical high speed driving or
light load pulling.
A storage battery cell. whether
,r,on will average two or
a trifie more volts of electrical pres
sure If in good condition. Size OF the
cell of any automobile storage bat
tery has nothing to do with its pres,
sure. Additional pressure Is ontaiheu
nv adding cells, and not plates WITHIN
the cell. The larger the cell the ne
longer period of time the cell VIII
Ia ST in generating electricity
S. The single-spark ignition system
requires a closer setting OF sparh
| Mug noints than the old vibrator sys-
tom because the former creates
much quicker spark than the latter.
A snark from a non-vibrator coil or
magnetic would not jump across
wide sparkplug gap under compress.
| sion. 1t operates most eHcien.iy a. a.
an average distance Oh not Ahofe lhon
| OPS of an inch.
wrong valve setting or timing
| will cause overheating of an engine
| narticularly in the exhaust VaiVe.
which, If it does not open sumclehtiy
or II it opens and closes too early,
| will not allow the full escape OF
burned gases in the cylinders, one
cause of overheating.
| Z. An engine with any new friction
or bearing surfaces should not be run
| extremely fast, because these sur
! faces must be worn to polish be-
| fore their best results are obtained
a new piston has invisible grooves or
| it's exterior surface. which were
| formed when the piston was made
! and the interior of new cylinder
| has very small indentations. These
| Irregularities are tool marks, and are
| unavoidable. If "a high speed. and
! consequently high temperature is
I maintained in the engine. the ex-
pansion of the metal will cause inter
/ locking of these Irregularities. scor-
ing the surfaces of both piston and
cylinder. and finally firm gripping
| or Selling of the piston will result
Plenty of good oil and moderate speed
are necessary in the new engine.
3. Graphite may be used with the
! splash system of fabrication in any
| car but that which has it's magnetic
mounted with the flywheel. Do not
use much of the graphite-a tea
spoonful to a quart of oil is sufficient
with a half teaspoonful added after
lite is to seal compression by filling
| in scratches or Irregularities in cylin-
ders and pistons. and to make smooth
! err bearing surfaces. 1t also can be
| applied in dry form to the engine
| through the air inlet of the carburetor
while the engine is running. Graphite
also may be used in the transmission
| differential and universal joints.
! Q. The success of easy hill climbing
depends upon keeping the engine run
ming smoothly and a little faster than
what possibly may be needed. A good
! start and shifting into a lower gear
| a trifle before the time 1T is abso-
| lutely necessary will maintain a con-
| slant speed at which the engine will
| not labor or knock, and will prepare
lit for extra work. such as sudden
rises or rough) spots in the road.
| when the time occurs.
| 10. An automobile clutch is form
| of coupling necessary in the drive
system, and is the only means where
by the engine can be operated inde-
! pendently of the rear wheels
This Weeks Questions.
l. Why will not a spark in the
| ignition system jump as large a gap
between sparkplug points under COM
r SssSi:, co on