davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
DepIores Failure by Public to
Grasp the Economic Situation

They let things slump; they are easily
swayed by pure American bunk politicians:
they do not care or they do not take any
especial pains to better their conditions by
calling and attending community meetings
and then, whom shall they blame (but
themselves) when humdrum orators and pol
iticians are nominated and elected to office
and then boss and command as they see fit
(for their own sinister motives)? / do not
say that this is always the case. but there's
enough of it to present a rather serious
problem.
Now, j am deviatng from my course n
bit, but when occasion demands such de-
mand must be satisfied. A vast number of
our citizens (and l say this with deep re-
gret) do not know, whether through care
lessness or ignorance anything that
amounts to anything about social and in
dustrial conditions, the trend Of the times
and their natural surroundingsland circum-
stances. In other words they would be re-
garded, not by the highbrow, but by the
ordinary person as uneducated.
What is needed. and needed promptly, is
campaign OF education, but education OF
the right kind-wth every one OF us a
teacher-to lay the fundamentals of our ma
tional situation before all our citizens, to
promote among our own people the general
understanding Of our own institutions. With
cut this return to our normal efficiency
in production is impossible
AS war Americans we We're as nearly
100 per cent. effective as men and women
could be. AS peace Americans, we are too
much inclined to let the State or the COM
munity or the policeman on the beat take
over a good many of our responsibilities as
citizens. But In this present emergency 1t
is up to every sincere American--big or
little business man farmer. lawyer, laborer.
teacher, mechanic, truck driver or clerk
to bear his part of the nations burden, to
make his personal weight count for the sta
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
How the Debt Could Be Handled
And How Germany Comes

Accordingly the representatives of the
several European governments will have to
make arrangements with our Treasury De-
partment to fund the debt. They will have
10 provide a long term arrangement, bv
which. paying interest and large or small
sinking fund contribution each year, thev
will be able TO dispose of the whole obligation
say in half a century.
But they have now only one resource;
namely the German reparatons debt
Therefore. as ! pointed out last Sunday,
the best that they can do Is TO transfer to
us $1,000 900, 900 in German promises to
pay more than half of the total sum. or
else 10 issue bonds themselves with this
German reparations agreement as the un-
derying security. Actually, II Germany
pays them, they can pay us, not otherwise.
And in any case the payment will be in
soods-manufactured goods.
Now the Republican party Is prominent
~ the party Of protection, but protection
involves keeping out, not admitting, foreign
manufactures which compete with Amer-
can products Its advertised programme
IS to raise. not lower. the tariff rates. Yet If
II raises the tariff rates at the same moment
il insists upon the funding and payment of
he foreign loans II will at one time order
Europe to pay and erect n wall against the
admission Of the European payments To
10 this would be sheer absurdty.
I To say TO Europe Pay" but to say in
The New York herald., 1921-02-20

best in him The American citizen should
do all i'm his power to combat the pernicious
influence of the soap box orators, who are
at present spreading and propagating their
influence to the best of their ability. There
fore. ] say again. it behooves each and every
loyal American citizen to be on the alert and
keep a steady eye.
We cannot continue indefinitely without
disaster, the present state of industrial tur-
moil, which is due to attempts to improve
industrial and economic conditions by the
use of methods of force. Industrial war
must, in the public interest, go the way of
international war, and by similar processes.
II is futile to attempt to set up any agency
for the promotion of industrial peace
whereby what is called capital, what is called
labor. what is called the public, are equally
represented and meet upon equal terms.
Such a course simply gives new strength
to the movement for a class struggle and
the promotion of class consciousness.
What we call capital is nothing more or
less than group Of men and women that
hold savings, all of whom a part of the
public What we call labor is nothing more
less than a group of men and women
who work for wages, all of whom are also
a part of the public Capital and labor may
face each other on equal terms, but they
cannot be permitted to face the public on
equal terms. The public is always and
everywhere their superior and includes
them both.
OF course, many arguments have been
advanced and many methods sought out to
further industrial peace. Gov. Aliens In
dustrial Court" is means to an end. Pub
lie opinion may be trusted to bring about
compliance with the findings and recon-
mendations of such schematic conclusions,
if plausible And while dwell on this topic
/ might mention that the general attitude
of many citizens toward legislation OF this
sort is laxity-what would generally be
termed Idisses fdire.
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
How 1t Would React on Us if
France Failed to Be Paid

In the same way, if Germany fails to pay
France, and France sends troops into Ger
many to compel payment, we cannot protest
unless we and the British well are ready
to forego a share of what France owes us,
that share represented by what Germany
has failed or refused to pay France. But If
France sends troops into Germany, then the
market for a great portion of the surplus Of
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
Danger Markets
WarIo Are Of Part
United Suggested One Way Out

claims upon Germany to the amount Britain
and the United States forgave them debts.
This would subtract $4,000, 100000 from the
German capital sum, bringing it down to
$4,000. 100000, and with the discount pro-
vided in the present Paris proposal it would
not exceed $4,000, ,00O. 900. sum. even Ger
man experts agree Germany could pay.
Such cancellation, from the American point
of view, could be justified only on the ground
that We cannot afford to take payment in
goods and that insistence upon payment
would destroy that foreign market which
can absorb own surplus. 1t would be
further defensible only because there is
every reason to believe that even If we could
afford to accept the payment it would never
be made, could never be made. Great Britain
would profit even more largely than the
United States by the restoration of economic
order in central Europe.
There would remain something like s450O.
900 900 owed us by Britain. This, it is plain,
the British could pay and we could afford
to accept payment for, since the British
Empire holds raw materials which we re-
qure, and Great Britain still possesses in
this country securities and other holdings
equal to the capital sum itself. We should
avoid any dislocation of our own industrial
establishment by such a course.
But one is bound to recognize that it would
be difficult to justify such discrimination to
British eyes. 1t would be the more difficult
because the British view is that the sums
lent to her were Immediately transferred
to our common associates, and that from
these sums Britain herself derived no value.
On the other hand, it is plain that at the
present time no project to cancel the British
loans could even obtain hearing in WASH
ington. and the whole project of cancellation
would be doomed if it carried this detail.
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
Honor Essay Makes Citizens Duties Clea1

ganizations as permanent work units. Their
response to the country's appeals for money
and for service (war) was loyal and gen.
erous. While the war was on they did their
full part Since the armistice. however, and
the lifting of the war tension they have
slackened like the rest of us, in the general
confusion of motives and purposes, and radi-
cal agitators have been able to substitute
for the call of patriotism the appeal of
selfish and subversive class demands And
the only way plausible and practicable to
check this subversive propaganda is cam
paign of education.
The New York herald., 1921-02-20

bilizing of social and industrial conditions
and the restoration of production standards
which will again provide for our own and
Europe's needs.
Increased production. then, is every
Americans first obligation. And his sec
ond big job-as during the war-is to pass
his faith and conviction along to others
and do all that he can to develop public
opinion which will put drive for greater
production across like Liberty loan.
With a clearness Of vision, keenness OF
thought and with a splendid courage OF
conviction we must all "go to" and attain
an end. This will not be easy We will have
to stir up enthusiasm for an abstract idea
instead OF selling Government war bonds
with a solid investment value as well as
patriotic purpose We will have to make
head against spirit of cynical selhshness.
which has sprung up since the armistice.
IT has for part of its background our con
stant boasting about the tremendous totals
of our foreign trade and the mistaken i'm
preston that every kind and class of busi-
ness made and kept enormous profits out
of the war
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
General Cancellation Save Germany's
A Quick Means Toward Reconstructiol

It would be necessary. therefore, to offer
the British absolutely reasonable terms on
which the loans to them might be funded,
long term bonds and suitable rate of in
terest. 1t would be equally necessary at all
times to avoid any semblance of using this
indebtedness as a political weapon, as
means of shaping British policy. And con-
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
Mr.. Harding's Foreign Policy
Must Recognize Economic Solidarity


Mr.. Wilson's foreign policy, as expressed
at Paris, undertook to make us moral guar
dians of an ideal adjustment of international
rivalries, territorial and otherwise. From
the consequences of such policy, expressed
in American responsibilities, the American
people revolted, and their revolt destroyed
the League of Nations, which was beyond
all else directed at political and moral ends
and involved us without limit in European
questions in which our people failed to
recognize that they had any concern.
Mr.. Harding's foreign policy. on the con-
trary, will have to take note not of moral or
political but of economic facts. 1t will have
not to undertake new responsibilities but TO
dispose of those responsibilities which are
represented by commitments already made.
representing $1,000, 900 900 in loans and
$4,000, 900, 900 in private credits It will also
have to face the problem of reopening for us
those European markets I'm which we must
dispose Of own surplus production, II
domestic depression and suffering are to be
avoided.
The problem of world peace has been
demonstrated to be less one of establishing
frontiers than one of restoring the ma
chinery Of trade and commerce. We are
little concerned. if you, please about the pos
session of provinces by Russia or by Ru-
mania, by Hungary or Czecho- -SlovalSia but
we are Immediately concerned i'm the reopen
ing of the frontiers of all of these States to
own products and to those of our
creditors who cannot pay us save as they
can trade on the Continent of Europe.
Therefore Mr.. Harding's foreign policN
must be predcated upon the recognition OF
the economic solidarity of the whole world
and the total impossblity of maintaining n
policy of isolation in these departments OF
world enterprise And sooner or later IL l.
going to be perceived by the American public
that foreign policy has become the most
important item in domestic affairs since our
stake in the world outside has become so
immense.
And II Is worth noting that Europe, far
more promptly than the United States. has
perceived our necessities i'm the situation and
our eventual necessity to take a hand in
world affairs to protect our interests. What
an American policy. based upon an accurate
appreciation of these same facts. that i'm the
end, we may be able to act only so far as
our own interests are concerned and to
escape such further commitments as were
contained in the original League OF Nations
To put the thing quite brutaly, our concern
in any world association must be the safe
guarding of our own legitimate rights, not
the protection and Advancement of the per-
sonal and national interests of other coun-
tries.
Copyright, 1921. by the Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate.
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
Liberty and Fair Dealing Is
The Foundation of the Nation

AS Americans we should persistently urge
sound and practical Americanization meth
ods and policies. To protect the national
unity and security no American community
should be permitted to substitute any other
language for English as the basis or instru-
ment for common school education. 1t has
often been quoted that 1.-THE cornerstone of
American government and of American
Iife-the cornerstone of Americanism-is the
civil liberty of the individual citizen"
The essentials of the civil liberty are pro-
claimed In the Declaration of Independence
and defined in the Constitution of the United
States The Declaration of Independence
rings as true to-day 1t did in 1776. The
Constitution remains, the surest and safest
foundation for free government that the
wit of man has yet devised.
Now, to illustrate my argument: II can
hold man to his contracts. ought ti owe
IT'D to pay my own debts. If ! may worship
as I please, i ought to refrain from perse-
cutting another on account of his religion.
If the Government deals fairly with me, I
ought to deal fairly with 1t and refuse to
cheat it, If am allowed freedom of speech.
I ought not to abuse the privilege. If have
a right to my good name and reputation,
ought not to sander my neighbor If Gov
ernment shields me from injury. | ought
to be ready to take up arms in its defence.
After all is said good American citizen
ship is reached only by a rough path of
duty and obligation, and men will tread this
path not because a Legislature commands
them, but because their conscience leads
them on.
Faithful adherence to the strong and en-
during basic foundations of the Constitution,
and a high purpose to apply the funda-
mental principles of American life with sym
pathy and open mindedness to each new
problem that presents itself will give us
people increasingly prosperous increasingly
happy and increasingly secure. America
will be saved, through education and reason.
by those who look with respect and rev.
erence upon the great series of events ex-
tending from the voyage of the Mayfower
to the achievements of the American armies
on the soil of France and upon that long
succession of statesmen, orators. men of
letters, and men of affairs who have them
selves been both the product and the highest
promise OF American life and American OPP
portunity
Arthur G. Silverman of1971 Seventy ninth
street Brooklyn, one of the contestants has
written complaining that parts or Arnott J.
Whites first prize winning essay were taken
from President Wilson's too proud to fight"
speech. No direct quotation was taken by
White, but a few phrases were quite similar.
Asked for an explanation, White writes thus
to the Contest Editor:
II wish to state that IL exception Is taken
to any phrases bearing a similarity to the
speeches of Woodrow Wilson II was done
wholly unwittingly. Being a great admirer
q similarity may be observed as I am so
,erll int ad dxxyith nd
The New York herald., 1921-02-20

head against a spirit OF cynical selnshness,
which has sprung up since the armistice.
II has for part of its background our con-
stant boastng about the tremendous totals
of our foreign trade and the mistaken i'm
fression that every kind and class of busi-
ness made and kept enormous profits out
of the war.
Lets Get Ours" the Slogan
OF BoIshevistic Agitation
Lets get ours was the password when
the so-called Bolshevism first showed its
ugly head in tangible form in Seattle two
springs ago. 1t has been the key to the
agitation for shorter hours and higher wages
and the general disposition to loaf on the
job. Many believe it has been the counter
sign for score of other strikes, from the
wholesale desertion of the Boston police to
the recent steel and coal strikes but l
wouldn't give them so much credit for the
manipulation of such schemes. All of the
above mentioned were based on the strikers
belief that their control of labor gave them
power to dictate the terms on which the
machinery of industry might be permitted
to operate.
You can meet a wrong, a false a destruc-
tive idea only by conquering 1t with the
truth with right. a constructive idea, and
the task Of to-day and tomorrow is for
every American. every lover of America,
every one with a faith in America at heart
to preach to teach, to act American, until
from one end of this land to the other. among
our whole hundred millions, there is none
so blind and none so deaf as not to see that
his personal interest and his group interest
depend upon America.
AS American citizens we must stand for
one flag and one loyalty, an undivided loyalty
to the United States of America. We must
stand for law and order; for the rights of
the property of the poor as well as the rich;
for an unintimidated judiciary uninfiuenced
by politicians. We must oppose all class
legislation stand against any autocracy of
wealth or autocracy Of labor we must strive
to give both labor and capital an absolutely
square deal. II each will be honest with the
other. relatively few labor difficulties will
arise.
It is very necessary indeed to establish
conditions under which every thrifty, indus
trious man and woman can earn q com
Portable living; be able to put sonnet thing
aside for rainy day; be able to marry, to
have family and to give their children a
reasonable opportunity These conditions
should be attanable by all who are willing
to strive. These are our obligations and
we must meet them.
The full duty of citizenship is not always
agreeable. There is no denying that we
older. better schooled Americans in the years
before the war failed to recognize the pos
sibilities, good and bad. in our immigrant
population.
We treated them as something apart-an
element to be recognized but not utilized.
We did little nothing to develop their
consciousness as citizens or to asslmilate
them into body of our people. Our COM
munities kept them at arms length our
industries treated them as raw labor and
made few efforts 10 tic them into their or
The New York herald., 1921-02-20
By FRANK H. sIMoNps.

wv THIN the last few weeks there has
\A/ come over the whole face Of the
discussion of American relations
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-10-20
COFFEE MARKET Hy Associated Press

New York, October I9--The future of Rio exchange rates to hold the rallies reported yesterday and reports of slightly lower cost and freight or fers in consequence seemed partly re- sponsible for the decline in coffee futures here today Aside from that the continued nervousness of cotton and wheat probably had sympa- thetic influence while there was Eu = ropean selling attributed to unfa~ vorable financial conditions abroad. The market opened at a decline or 2 10 l2 points and sold bout ls to 2S points net lower with December touching 7.42c and March 7.toc, or new low ground for the movement. october. 1900; December, 7.i6c; Jan nary, 7.5lc: March, 761c; May, 76sc; July, 7.7sc; September, 7.T5c.
 Spot coffee was reported quiet at 1s.c to T Jsc for Rio 7s and lac to la14c for Santos As. Cost and freight offers were irregula. including santos Ss apgi 5s, partly Bourbon. or well deseriBed at iLl5c to U 5oc' American credits, Victoria Ss, plus 70, were offered at 7.70c, American predits. The official cables reported ar advance of 800 reis in the dollar buying rate with decline or S-o@u in Rio exchange on London. The Rlo market was unchanged and santos 70 reis lower to 50 reis h. gher. Brazilian port receipts 42,000 Jundiahy receipts n5. GOO Rain was reported. in all dis trscts at Sac Paulo. Santos cleared .1s. 600 bags for the United States.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-10-20
sHANNnN & Cn

New York, October 9.-(Special )-- Although there is perhaps less dis position in local professional circles to press on declines around this level outside speculative interests appear ready to sell cotton on any minor rally, and a wave of that sort of selling broke over the market late in the morning through Wall street houses, arising apparently from the failure of the demand to broaden on the moderate upturn at the open ing and just after Prices gave way rather easily, sinking to new low levels for the movement though ral- lying somewhat when pressure slack ened.
 A considerable amount was wanted around IS cents for December, and 17.50c foF March, but the selling was in sufficient volume to supply what was wanted
 The ginning report, however, prom ises to be quite large enough and the point at issue is the extent to which it has Been discounted
 The market today has been more hopeful as to the outcome of the rail road situation and this, combined with easier money, has kept prices In the main steady, although there has been considerable irregularty in the list. This easier tone in money is not only important to the stock market, it being always one of the essential factors, but it has an indi- rectly favorable effect in tiding over the affairs of companies that are large borrowers, recent favorable in- stances of this kind being United States Food, and apparently Cuba Cane Sugar. On the other hand. of course, it must be admitted that in- dustrial affairs make progress very slowly, and the heaviness in some of the steel stocks shows how de- pressed that trade is.
 Mir Lloyd Georges speech in Par liament today was a vivid illustration of the trade difficulties which Eng land is experiencing.
 We, therefore have two conflict ing forces at work in the market: One easier money and the prospect of important developments at Wash ington, and the other the dragging trade conditions of the world. It. makes a difficult situation to fore cast, but it may be said with confi- dence that when the financial situa- tion was strengthened out the stock market passed it's most critical point and that prices are sure to discount the revival in industry many months before that is an accomplished fact Post X Flagg.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-10-20
NEW YORR COTTON By Associated Press
NEW ORLEANS COTTON
 By AssOcfaf ed Press

l-
 New Orleans, October 19-Wido and rapid price swings and a large volume of business were seen In the cotton market today with alternat- ing of strength and weakness. Pro- nounced strength was shown on the opening and again on the close, which was at net gains on the day of 29 to 3S points, the last price on De- cember being 17.S0c. Covering by the short interest appeared to De the main source of the demand in the late trading.
 Contrary to all expectations 1t was a stiff market on the opening. In the face of extremely poor cables, and in the early trading prices advanced 36 to 43 points. At 17.90c for De- cember the market looked very steady, on reports that private bu- reau returns on ginning were very buyant and reminders that one pri- vate bureau report on ginning to De- tober Is would be accompanied hy an estimate of the percentage of the total crop reported by the figures. Late in the morning. however, there was burst of selling, and rapid decline resulted which did not stop until the gains were all wiped out. and replaced by declines under yes- terday's close of 14 to is points, De- cember sinking to 172Sc. Shorts did most of the selling.
 In the late trading the whole com- plexion of the market changed again, apparently owing to the anx- iety of shorts to cover. This cover ing appeared to be induced by the extreme tone of the weekly crop re- ports from the government. which practically stated that the crop was all out. and to private reports from many localities scattered over the belt claiming that ginning rapidly was being completed. Months be- yond December rose to new high levels for the day on this buying pressure. January trading up to 17.79c. at which level the lists was at gains over yesterdays close of 40 to AS points.