New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-27
Plea Is Made
For League by
Viscount Bryce
In Final Address to Ins,;
tute of Politics He Con-.
tends Permanent Tr;h,.
nal Might Preserve Peac.
Speaks of Amendment,
Says All Important Govern.
ments Should Be Includ.
ed in Such Organization


Specific Endorsement of the Leagu. :.
Nations, with whatever amendms,..
may be found necessary" was made H.
Viscount James Bryce in his final ~
dress before the Institute of po,;,;..
to-day. He said:
Those for whom l venture n .n...
workers who have nothing to d. n,;.,
our respective governments mean ="
persevere in supporting the learna "
the only plan yet launched with q nv.
pect of success. We are nearer ~ ~.
confagration than you are, but n w sas
fires spread fast. .''''
THE old-fashioned system of def.,.
i've alliances among individual states !.
open to as many objections "a ia ~
concept Of the super state Could ss
alliance be made by large numhs. ~
states directed not against other st.. y.
but against war itself by prov;d;ns
means of averting it ?"
Although Viscount Bryce avo;a.,
answering this question in so ms sou
words, his substantial conclusion ~,
that such an alliance was potent;a,t
possible.
cHldueut IrlDunal Needed
Such combination of states wor,s
begin by developing and extending ths
scope Of the methods of arbitration snS
Cancellation. These two methods na'.
be made to cover every sort of di,nu..
that can arise between states" he sa;d
adding that for this combination ~
states there must be not only nor.
manent tribunal to hear and dec;d.
controversies, but council of soms
sort to apply methods of Cancellation N
disputes not fit for legal determine.
ton.
amy sort of a guaranty o, .
status as to existing territorial rights
OF the member nations ought to be
accompanied by ample provision for
an examination Of the causes of dis.
content and their removal This NAV
seem heavy task, but it must b.
undertaken if permanent peace. and
good will, the foundation Of neace -Is IL
to be secured. The sooner It Is
undertaken the better, and a comb;ns.
ton such as we have been considering
is the fttest body to undertake il
"The idea of a super state embrac.
ing the whole world, a federation a,
peoples ruled by a parliament of man.
Appeals to the imagination. It is
splendid, fascinating, and Inspiring
But it is a phase which has no clear
relation to anything in the world Of
the concrete. No one, so far as
know, has presented it in a concrete
form by showing what the organiza-
ton and government of such world
federation would actually be in prse-
tice.
Large Number Rest
"If the backward peoples were ii.
lowed to exert their power of number
either by the direct voting of Their
citizens en- masse or by the number 0.
repre- sentatives assigned to them on
the basis Of population in the ruling
general assembly of tho federation,
the result might be to throw back in
stead of to advance civilization. By
what other means is mankind to pro.
tect itself against such storms as tina.
which broke upon it in 1914? Could
an alliance be made by a large num-
Der OF states directed against war by
providing means for averting war!
ut would seem that such COM
bination should consist of large
number of states, so large that the
special interests of each would be over.
ruled by the general interest of all,
the maintenance Of world peace. II
should include states so important that
they would possess not only material
strength but also a full volume Of
educated opinion sufficient to consti-
tute a moral force.
what should be the organs by which
such a combination will conduct its
business? A chief aim is to avoid by
direct interchange of views the delays
and misunderstanding which arise In
diplomatic correspondence between
number of states. There must be,
therefore, not only a permanent tn
bunal to hear and decide controversies,
but a council of some sort to apply
methods of Cancellation to disputes not
fit for legal determination"
Root Discusses War Effects
Elihu Root, speaking tonight at tho
farewell dinner given to the institute,
emphasized the effect of the war in
producing many new democracies. These
dem ocracies, he said, had much 70
learn, but because people can learn
the art of free self-government be-
lieve they can learn the art OF interna-
tional peace" They must become IN.
ternatiOnally minded" he added, ana
must learn "the limitations upon thef
national rights"
1.-The war has left many changes, bu'
one of the greatest is the change IN
the possession of power in the govern
ments Of the world" Mr. Root SAID
Not only do democracies hold in thel'
hands the power Of government.
but the effect OF war has been 10 SCI
free the millions Of people who coz.
stitute these new governing boo's'
from their old habit Of respect to az.
thority in matters OF opinion. Inc,
demand the right of decision. Inc.
follow closely upon the heels Of tne, ne.
representatives. and dictate what 'a''
shall do.
''The old autocracies understood ~ ~
ternational affairs thoroughly, out ss'
old autocracies were utterly se'ns-'
The new governing democracles ~
generous. They mean what is rgas
they are honest. they wish for pess.'
they abhor war, bu. they are most ID,
perfectly formed. Many of them az
quite oblivious to the fact that fne'..
are different factors, different ways i,
thinking and feeling among the peotp..
of other countries. They assume . Ias.
their own ideas are the ideas wiz.
ought to prevail and which VIII p''
vail.
"Old Passions Still Sway
'The nations have much to learn. nv,
must learn that the idea Of lus.ce =,
not only justice to themselves ana wv,
families, but justice to others; ~" ~
liberty is not only that they shan ~
free, but that they shall be gao '"''
others are free. .ss
The peoples had hoped for Nat Nv
and better result of the World III
They find that the old passions s sss
sway the world; that personal, 'sn,yv.h