New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-07-31
Higher Morals
Alone Will End
War, Says Bryce
Viscount, Speaking at Polit-
Sical Institute, Asserts
Peace Is Solely Question
s0f a Better Human Race
Secs No Magic Formula
Nations Guided Chiefly by
Few Leaders i'm World
Relations, He Declares

WILLIAMSBURG, Mass, July 90
The development Of international rela-
tions, as begun in the days of ancient
peoples. and as continued to the pres
emf day, when "they have been shat
tered by desolating war and have not
resulted in any real peace" was taken
up by viscount James Bryce tonight
in the first public lecture before the
Institute of Politics now meeting at
Williams College.
Broadly speaking" he declared, "in-
Sernational relations are what the lead
ers of peoples make them, because un-
der every political constitution that
has ever been devised the many are
led by the few"
The opening lecture of the institute
series attracted an audience that filed
Grace Hall to the capacity, the members
and guests being augmented by hun
dreds of visitors from all parts of New
England Viscount Bryce spoke in part
as follows:
,'The relations of political communi-
ties to one another cover nearly every
branch of the human sciences, ethics,
law and politice, for the matters with
which these sciences deal have all of
them affected the relations Of communi-
ties and history is a record Of all the
phases through which these relations
have passed.
Causes of War Sought
"There are two relations in which
nations stand to one another-that of
war and that of peace. Our present
aim is to understand what have been
the causes of war and what may be the
sources Of peace.
"The stating point for an inquiry
into the relations Of communities is the
J. nature Of man, Or shall say man as he
was in a state of nature? Let us try
to remember through the olescourse
of our inquiry into the relations of ma
lions two fundamental propositions.
zone Is that every independent po-
litical community is, by virtue of it's
independence, in state Of nature to-
wards other communities, being SUBJ
ject to no control except that which
public opinion, or the fear of conse-
quences that may follow from disre-
garding public opinion, may impose.
The other is that Che prospect of i'm
proving the relations Of states and
peoples to one another depends on the
possibility of improving human nature
itself. A sound and wide view Of ma
tional interests, teaching the peoples
that they would gain more by the CO.
operation of communities than by their
conflict, may do much to better those
relations, but in the last resort the
question is one Of the moral progress
Of the individual men who compose
the communities"
Lord Bryce divided history into five
periods, and he discussed the salient
characteristics of each.
& Effect of Great Leaders rs,
F'Before proceeding to describe the
actually existing relations of civilized
states to one another" he continued,
SOME few sentences may be given to
the men who have done most to make
Europe what it is to-day, either by the
work they achieved or by the example
they set, for they typify in a striking
way the diverse tendencies that were
at work and show how greatly person
ahties may affect the march Of events
Briefly he sketched the careers of Ma
peleon Bonaparte, Bismarck, Cavour,
kossuth and Mazzini.
~ note the careers of these men," he
went on, "as instances to show how
large is the unpredictable element in
the field of international as we'll as in