The Lehi sun. [volume] (Lehi, Utah) 1913-1949, 1921-05-12

prepared by the United Statos Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Spraying, compared with Its cost, is
one Of the most profitable forms OF
orchard work, and one OF the most
likely to be neglected or mlsdirected.
according to specialists OF the United
States Department OF Agriculture.
There is need that fruit growers have
more intimate knowledge OF spray
Ing materials, spraying machinery, and
especially the why's and wherefores
Of spraying. The up-to-date orchard
list must know just what each spray
application will do and the proper
time and method for applying 1t.
Necessary TO Know How Insects Feed.
A better knowledge OF the life and
habits OF the more common Insect
pests and OF the nature OF insecticides
will add much to the efficiency OF con-
troll measures The general character
OF sprays to be used depends on the
character OF the mouth parts Of the
| insects.
Broadly speaking, all insects secure
their food In one of two ways: %
BY actually biting out and swallowing
portions OF the food material; (2)
by sucking out the juices. The first
type includes caterpillars or the
larvae OF moths and butterflies, adult
beetles and their grubs, grasshoppers
crickets, sawfles and their larvae,
bees, etc.
All biting insects are subject to de
structlon by arsenlcals or other stom'
ach polsons. Some biting insects,
however, such as borers and certain
root-Infestlng forms, do not feed In
situations where polsons may be mp
piled, and for these n different treat
ment is necessary.
Among sucking insects may be list
ed plant lice, scale insects, leafhop-
pers, the pearpsylla, and the true bugs
all very important enemies Of the fruit
grower. For their control the so
called contact sprays are used, sprays
that corrode the body or permeate the
breathing spores OF the pests or other
wise effect their destruction.
Biting and sucking insects often oc
cur in a way to permit their destruc
tlon by poisoning the air which they
breathe, AS with hydrocyanic-acld gas
or carbon dlsulphide, but In many
cases the expense and danger make
this method impracticable.
Summer spraying is directed agains
bud, leaf, and fruit-eating insects, an'
for these arsenicals chiefly are used
Dilute contact insecticides are ais
employed in the control OF certain In
sects, such as aphids, red bugs leaf
hOppers, etc.
The arsenicals In most common us
are arsenate Of lead, paris green. am
arsenate OF lime, used as strong a
the foliage will stand. The follag
OF stone fruits, as cherry. plum, an
peach, is on the whole quite tender
and on these arsenicals must be EN-
ployed with caution.
The important insecticides may b
grouped principally into these tire
series:
Stomach polsons for biting insects
srsenate OF lead, paris green, arseT
ate Of lime, arsenate OF soda, arser
lte of lead. arsenite Of lime, arsenit
of soda, Scheele's green, London pun
pie, white arsenic, hellebore, etc.
Contact sprays for sucking insects
llme-sulphur solution, self-boiled lint
sulphur mixtures, fish-Oil soap wasl
Kerosene emulsion, crude-petrOleul
emulsion, dlstlllate emulsion, nicotln
solution, pyrethrum, caustlc sod
caustlc potash, carbolic-acid emulsion
sulphur spray, resin, resin wash.
For fumlgatIng, the specialists re
ommend hydrocyanlc.acid gas, carbC
dlsulphide, or sulphur diOxide. The
are effective against all classes Of 1
sects when It is desirable TO use thel
Arsenate Of Lead Most Widely Use
Arstnate OF lead Is the best know
and most extensively used stoma
poison for insects. II has wild
range OF usefulness than any otl
internal poison now available. 1t
I safe for use on the foliage OF m'
plants, has good adhesive qualiti
: and owing TO IT'S fireness, remains
: suspension well IN water. Moreov
, 1t can be safely combined with G.
! tain contact sprays, as nicotine, k
y osene emulsion, soaps, etc, and vi
a number Of funglcides such as lin
sulphur mixture and bordeaux N
ture. II should not be com lined vi
sodium or potassium sulphldes.
Commercial arsenate Of lead m
be obtained as paste or powder. Po