The Red Cloud chief., 1921-10-06

tffepareO by the national Geographic 90
ciety. Washington, ID. c.
~Afghanistan, long almost a synonym
for fanatical isolation from the rest Of
the world, is at last apparently show
Ing q desire to enter the family Of
nations. The Moslem kingdom, which
even now continues its old policy Of
excluslveness pending the outcome OF
cation Of mobiles to Washington to pc
tition the United States for the es-
Establishment Of diplomatic relations be-
tween the two countries.
Afghanistan's exclusivencss Is not
accidental. Situated between the
sOuthern-growing empire Of Russia and
northern spreading British India, 1t
has been the typical buffer state; It's
natural exclusiveness, due to religious
fanaticism, has been accentuated by
the political rivalries Of Its great
neighbOrs.
Forbidden Lhasa itself Is no more
exclusive than %brooding, suspicious
Kabul, the capital Of this isolate, n
friendly reatm Of fanatic tribes, Of
rocks. deserts. irrigated valleys and
towering unsurveyed ranges.
Not q single railway or telegraph
line has been permitted to cross this
hermit country or to III into 1t, lest
the pernlciOus ways Of the world leak
In. And the six or seven million people
have been hardly on speaking terms
with any other nation.
Few Foreigners Permitted to Enter.
Night and day, from stone watch
towers and hidden hooks along the an
cient caravan trails that lead In from
India. from Persia and Russia-trails
used long ago by Alexander and Jen-
ghiZ Khan-squads of bearded, tur-
baned Afghans, with imported field
glasses and long rifles, have kept
watch against trespassers from with
out.
Only a few Europeans, mostly Brit
lsh but occasionally also an Ameri-
can and now and then "A few Russians
or Germans, have been permitted to
enter this country and to s~ojourn for
a while In It's curious capital. But even
on such rare occasions as when a for
eign engineer, or a doctor whose serv-
Ices are badly needed, Is admitted by
the grace of the amir, the visitor Is
subject to a surveillance that amounts
almost to Imprisonment. splendid
isolation" is a sort Of Afghan tradition,
a conviction that the coming Of the
foreigner will mean the end OF the
amir and of his unique. absolute rule.
AS II Is, no other monarch now
yields such undisputed authority or Is
In closer touch with the everyday life
Of his subjects. He personally runs
his cOuntry's religion and Its foreign
affairs, and he W s%upervises much
Of its commerce. He also owns and
censOrs the only newspaper printed In
all Afghanistan. Incidentally, he keeps
IS automobiles, and he never walks.
Even from one nearby palace to an
other he goes by motor w short
pieces of road built especially for his
pleasure.
Though the amir took no active part
In the World war, he emerged from II
with singular profits. His old and
once rival neighbOrs, Great Britain and
Russia, drawn together as allies In the
conflict, left him n free hand. In 1910
Great Britain officially recognized the
political independence Of this much
buffeted buffer state. TO whose rulers
she had so long paid a fat annuity.
Keeps In Touch With the World.
A~fghanistan, with an area Of 245,OOO
square miles, Is, next TO Tibet, the
largest country In the world that IL
practically closed to the citizens of
other nations. But political life at
wary. alert Mohammedan Kabul Is In
sharp contrast to the meditative seclu-
sion and classic aloofnessN OF the Bud
dhist Iamas at Lhasa. Through agents
In india and elsewhere Amir Amanul-
lah Khan Is In close touch with the
worlds current eventsi and. as the