Evening star., 1921-08-02
SEEDS Of WARFARE
|NVERSA|tLESPACT
Viscount Bryce So Declares
In Discussing Settlements
and Needed Revision.
By the Associated Press.

WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass, August &
The seeds of future wars have been
sown in Europe by the deliberations
and findings of the Versailles con-
ference. Viscount James Bryce tolu
the Institute of Politics at Wiilidnis
Cole ge today in his second lecture on
international Relations OF the oiu
World States" Discussing the franz
ing of treaties by the representatives
of the victorious powers. he sald:
Their work has received IN Eu-
rope nothing but censure. ComPar
ing the treaties they framed Win
those which were made by the con-
gress at Vienna in 1S14-15, European
critics observe that the men OF
Vienna, Alexander and Metternich'
Talleyrand and Hardenberg ana CAS-
uereagh, may have had bad princi-
and misconceived the interests OF
their peoples, but they. at least, knew
what they were doing, and gave Ell
feet to their principles.
Their work bestowed upon Europe
a tolerable peace which lasted for
more than thirty years. But there is
no one of the treaties OF lel9-z0
which is not now already admitted
to need amendment. while some are
seen to lead straight to future wars.
"Peace as Bad as War"
"One hears people say, the sort of
peace that these negotiations nave
given US is as bad as was the war.
The negotiators at Paris differed IN
their principles and ideals, and some
at least of them do not seem to nave
believed in the principles they pro-
feSSed.
European critics have suggested that
some of them may have thought they
must play down to their own electo-
rates and regard not what ought to
be DONE but what would help in their
next electoral campaigns. Popular
prejudiceS. popular passions and Gu
pidities had to be humored or gratl-
ned.
Moreover. and this is an excuse
which must not be lightly brushed
aside the task before them was one
of unprecedented difficulty. New states
had to be created. territories redis-
tributed. indemnities secured and M an
on scale incomparably greater than
any international congress ever before
had attempted"
Frnnco-German AntnEonism.
Taking up the position in which the
European countries find themselves
as the result of the peace treaty.
Lord Bryce said:
Germany. which. though reduced in
area, is still Germany, and continues
to call herself the reich (the realm).
albeit now republic instead of
monarchy. Germany is still the most
populouS of European countries after
Russia, with highlyNeducated and in
dustriouS inhabitants and great pro-
'ductive Industries. Between her and
France the ancestral antagonism- dat
ing back to the days OF Louis AlV's
aggressssionS, is now more bitter
than ever, and seems likely to last in
France as long as the generation
lives which remembers the devasta-
ton wrought in 1917 by the retiring
German army. and in Germany as
long as her government continues to
pay immense sums in reparationS for
the losses in the war by France.
This war has shown one unpre-
cedented feature. painful in the pros
pect it opens. The victOrs bear as
much resentment against the van
quished as the vanquiShed do against
the victors. There is no blacker
cloud, pregnant with future storm,
hanging over Europe now than that
which darkens the banks of the
Rhine. Not even after Jena In 1906,
Iv, even after GraVeIotte and Sedan
and the capitulation of Paris in 1871,
has the prospect of recOncilement be-
tween two neighboring peoples SEEM
ed so distant"
Transfer of the T'yrOlese.
OF Austria and Italy's aspirations
in regard to the Tyrol, the speaker said:
Italy had. of course, no historical
title whatever to the purely Ger
manic region she sought to acquire.
However. the principle of nationality
was, in this case. thrown overheard
by the allied powers and a quarter
of a million of German Tyrolese,
countrymen of the heroic Andreas
Hofer, who had led their forefathers
in a gallant resistance when Napoleon
turned them over to Bavaria in 1905.
were delivered up to Italy as if they
had been so many cattle. The Brit
ish and French governments defended
treaty they had made with Italy in
induce her to enter the war on their
side. 1t was promise that ought
never to have been made"
Turning to Russia, Lord Bryce dis
cussed the prospects of the empire,
saying:
IF the experience of states which
have in past times lapsed into anarchy
or fallen under the dominion of
groups of adventurers ruling by mere
force, without a shred of conSttu-
tional or moral authority, were to fur
niSh any ground for a forecast, We
should expect the rise of some mill
tary despotism like that of Bonaparte.
But whence or when will the deliverer
appear? Three attempts have been
made and have failed. Whoever re-
establishes order will find a country
from which most of it's best men have
been, removed, some by starvation,
many by murder, others by exile, so
his task will be all the more difficult.
But it must be remembered that