Norwich bulletin., 1921-07-18

were practically identical with the same parties in the mother country. The Whigs in England was the party that supported ever the cause of the speople against arbitrary or illegal acts, and among the colonies it was the party that opposed similar acts of the governor or the council.
 In the early days of the Revolution the ultra-Tories were gradually driven into the ranks of the enemy, until for d time it might be said that all revolutionary America had become Whigs The name Tory, however, was still applied to those who, though opposed to the usurpations of George III, were averse to a final sep- aration.
 It is no doubt true in many instances the Tories in America were too harshly dealt with, for they weef not only sub- jects of insult. but their property was l confscated and frequently they were ex- fled. It is but the truth to say that the most bitter words of Washington that have come to us are those which express his scorn of Tories. and 1t is also true among those most frank and fearless in the avowal of loyalty. and who suffered the severest penalties. were men of the neblest character and of the highest posi- tion.
 As a general thing the Tories were | content with an unArnned resistance, where they were not reinforced by the resources or forces of the enemy. But in l successive places in possession of the | British armies, including the large cities near the eastern coast of the United | States, there rallied around them Tories both seeking protection and ready to per- form all kinds of military duty as allies By all estimates, probably below the mark there were during the war at least 25,000 organized loyaHst forces. When the day of reckoning came at the close oi the war it needed no spirit of prophecy | to tell how these Tories, armed or un. armed, would fare, and we have not to go outside the familiar field of human nature for an explanation.
 That it was not till six months after | the ratification of the treaty by congres, that Sir Guy Carleton removed the Brit ish army from New York, the delay be. l ing caused by his embarrassment from the crowds of loyalists seeking his pro lection. From all over the seaboard oi the continent refugees made their way | to New York in crowds. They threw themselves in despair upon the protection of the British commander It is difficul
 to estimate with any approach to exact
 ness the number of these bounded vic
 tins. Many hundreds of them had beer
 seeking refuge in Nova Scotia and Nev
 Brunswick since the autumn of 17S2 | Large numbers of the loyalsts of tn
 southern provinces were shipped to tn Bahamas and to the West India Islands
 At one time Carleton had on his hand
 12,060 Tories clamorine for transports ton. Some bands passed to Canada b. way of Lake Champlain. then to Corn wall, ascending the St. Lawrence am
 settling oh the north bank. Others wen from New Brunswick and Nova Scoti up the St. Lawrence to Sorel, where the . wintered, going afterwards to Kingston AS these exiles had stood for the unit
 of the empire, they took the name of tn
 United Empire Loyalists." Some 1000
 refuges had in 17s4 and the few year following found homes in western Can ada, just as it is estimated that % %
 had settled in the provinces by the ses 5 Assuming full responsibility for the car
 and present support of her devoted ad herents, Great Britain opened her hand cheerfully to assist them. The sum pai
 by the Britiksh government to the suffei , ing refugees was about 315. 900, ,o00. It was frequently necessary for tn
 outspoken Tories to seek refuge in cave , or structures which they themselve
 erected and which were known as Tor l dehs." It Is probable that many of thes lOTleS were merely unwilling 10 tdh
 sides from general principles, and weI
 of the same opinion as isaac Watkins
 Westchesteer, \. Y, who said: q lesy
 America and every endearihs eonnectIo
 because i will not raise my band akaini
 my sovereign, nor draw my sword againi
 my country. When I can conscientious draw it in her favor my life shall | cheerfuliy devoted to her service" Many of these Tories were publicl f whipped others were arrested eve } women were not spared and there wei | innumerable raids on the homes of II
 Tories by American patriots. Anoth,
 feature that WAS rather hard on II
 Tories was what was known as ''Tf l Stand Up Law" which required eAe I man to vote by standing up alone. Tim r Tories did not dare to face the ove . whelmins majority of the FederaH
 party.
 (Tomorrow: "Remenber the Alamo. : .