davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Foreign Exchange.

New York, Dec. 3.-Foreign ex-
change, irregular.
Great Britain: demand 4.04As
cables 4.05B. 9.
France: demand 7.2S.
Italy: demand AS.
Belgium: demand 1908.
Germany: demand As.
Holland: demand 1854.
Norway: demand 1887.
Sweden: demand 23.7S.
Denmark: demand 1885.
Switzerland: demand 1915.
Spain: demand 1898.
Greece: demand 4.07.
Argentina: demand 32.9T-
Brazilian: demand 1900.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
DRURY

Ed Reynolds is quite i'll at pres
ent. DR.. Beveridge is the attend
ing physician.
Tie was no school at district No,
81 Tuesday owing TO illness of the
teacher, Miss Mable WOODBURY.
The ladies of the Providence
church will serve dinner in the
church basement on New Years
day. Everybody invited.
On account of the rain Sunday,
there was neither Sabbath school
nor preaching at the Providence
church.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
SMILES IN NEWS

Chicago-Mrs. Helen X. Elliot
sent her wedding ring to her maid
when she returned from a hospital
where her son was born and dis
covered her husbands friendship
for the servant. Judge Thomas
Lynch gave her 4 divorce and
$1,000 a month.
Chicago.-Otto Witschrek craved
wild duck. A game warden aIleg-
ed he found Otto shooting speci-
mems on exhibition in Jackson park
at night, with a maxim silencer on
his gun.
White Plains, N. Y. - The high
of aIinnony is going up. Mrs.
Amy B. Palmer, pleading that s., 900
alimony a year wasn't enough to
support her and her two daugh-
tiers with eggs 80 cents a dozen, got
it raised to $4,000
WashingtOn.-Somebody stole a
case of champagne from the French
delegation. Four extra secret ser
vice men have been put on guard.
All the News-AIl the Time
The Argus. -
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
st. Louis Futures.

st. Louis, Mo, Dec. Cultures:
wheat: December, 1.09S asked;
May, 1.14A bid.
Corn: December. 1880 asked;
May, 53Ac bid.
Oats: December, 35Ac asked;
May, 39Ac asked.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Toledo Seed.

Toledo, Ohio, Dec. ST. Glover
seed: Prime, cash. 1880; Deem
Der, 12.57h; January. 1850; Feb
ruary. 1855; March. 12,55.
Timothy: Prime, cash and De-
cember, 3:15; January, 800; Feb
ruary, S25.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Kansas City Cash Grain

Kansas City, Mo, Dec. Cash
wheat: No. 2 hard, 1.0S01.17; No.
2 red, 1.12@1.13.
Corn: No. 2 white. 42042kc;
No. 2 yellow, 44c; No. 3 yellow, 43c.
Oats: No. 2 white, 94h @35c; No.
2 mixed. &c.
Rye, TIC
Barley, 42046c.
Hay, unchanged.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Peoria livestock

Peoria. ILL.,, Dec. 3.-Hog re-
ceipts, 500; steady to loo higher;
top k6.95: bulk, 6.S0@6.s0; lights
6.75@6.95; mediums, 6.75@6.95;
heavies. 6.60@6.S0- packers, $500
500
Cattle receipts, 100; steady.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Peoria Cash Grain.

Peoria, ILL.,, Dec. 3.-Corn e
ceipts, 50 cars; unchanged to Nc
higher; No. 8 white, 49kc; No. 4
white, 4Shc; No. 3 yellow, 47K@
49Ac; No. 4 yellow, 461k 049c;
No. 3 mixed, 47h@49c.
Oats, unchanged; receipts, 10
cars; No. 3 white, 3zAc; No. q
white, 31Hc
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
st. Louis Cash Grain.

St Louis, Mo, Dec. 3.-Cash
wheat: No. 3 red winter. 1.19@1.20.
Corn: No. L white, Sole; No. 2,
soc.
Oats; No. 2 white, seize; No. 3,
34h M36hc.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Flour.

minneapolis, Mimi, Dec. s.
-four, unchanged to 15c lower:
rSmliy patents. 7.25@S.0O per bar
TEL IN SS-pound cotton sacks.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
New York Sugar.

New York. Dec. 3.-Raw sugar,
quiet and unchanged.
refined. unchanged.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Liberty Bonds.

New York, Dec. 3.-Liberty
bonds: closing prices today were
: 3hs, 1926.
First As, 97.S9-bid.
Second As, 97.52.
First AIS. 1852.
Second AIS, $3.50.
Third 4As, $500.
Fourth AIS, 97.SS.
Victory 3As, 10000.
Victory ANS, 1925.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
Silver.

New York. Dec. 3.-Foreign bar
silver, 81; Mexican dollars, Sis.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03

Horses and Mules.
East st. Louis. ILL.,, Dec. s.
Horses and mules, unchanged.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03
AhGL0-JAP PACT
TO Be SCRAPPED
FOR new TREATY

ICON inued from First Rge.)
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1921-12-03

All the News-AIl the Time
The Argus. 81
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

ent day and which found expression
after the armlstice, when the Cine,
inspecting the One Hundred and Fifty
first fiel6 artillery In Germany, left
crowd Of generals, walked over to
a stubby little first sergeant thrust
out his hand and said:
"Whltmore, / am glad to see you"
Whitmore was born In Dayton, o.,
In 1873; was brought up on farm
In Nebraska, and graduated from the
state university there In 1895.
He was contractor In Minneapolis
In 1917, when he presented himself
for admission to the first series of Of
flcers training camps. He was re-
Jected as being overweight. Back to
the farm went Whltmore. In four
weeks he took Off 20 pounds and
asked to be admitted to the second
series Of training camps, but the sur
geon said: TOO fat to fight" An
other examiner said: "Too old"
Whitmore went from recruiting Of
fee to recruiting office until he be-
came private In Battery b, One Hun
dred and Fifty-flrst field artillery,
Forty-second division. He went over
seas with the outfit and served with
1t through the war, participating I'm
every engagement In which the Rain
bows took part
When discharged he was induced to
become state adjutant OF the Amerl-
can Legion for Minnesota. lie has
done much FOR the development OF
thu Legion In the Northwest. Mr..
Whltmore recently resigned from That
position to accept the dictatorship Of
a company formed for the manufac-
ture Of an automobile accessory de-
vice which he invented.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

sAt,er ne assumed his Office, sheriff
Robb set a pace that woke up the
county. He seized more Illicit liquor
and bootleggcrs In the first 60 days
of his term than his predecessor OBJ
tanned In two years. His 81 deputies
were almost all members Of the Amer
lean Legion.
Then he turned his attention to an
alleged graft ring composed OF Des
Molnes police officials. He caused the
demotlon Of the chief of police, his as.
slstant and the chief OF detectives.
Chaplain Robb was theological
student ut Drake university In Des
Molnes when war was declared. In
some manner he succeeded In obtain
ing commission as chaplain In the
army before he was ordained and went
overseas with the One Hundred and
Sixty-eighth infantry. He served 10
months In France, was decorated with
ID. S. @. for bravery under fire and
was idolized by the doughboys OF his
regiment.
Upon his return he wrote and pub.
lished "The Price OF Our Heritage"
book depicting the prominent part I'm
the World war taken by men of Iowa
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
FACTORS IN PLANNING ROAD
Location, Construction and Mantle
nance Must BE Taken Into
Serious consideration.

The three principal divisions OF ac-
tual road making are location, con.
struction and maintenance. In plan.
ming road 1t is necessary that we
take into consideration all three Of
these steps, since proper location af-
fects the cost OF construction and
may materially reduce cost of main.
tenance.
Some Of the things to be considered
In locating a road are easy grades,
good drainage, exposure to sunshine,
elimination Of cuverts and bridges by
avoiding unnecessary creek crossings,
drectness and the number of farms
TO be served for a given length OF
road. Whenever possible to avoid 1t,
a good location should not be rejected
merely because certain roadway has
been In use for some time.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

the tree or seriously hamperlng the
temporary crop. Tomatoes and other
truck crops may also be grown In the
orchard. These are sometimes classed
as "catch crops"-crops planted for a
quick growth.
Where such catch crops are planted
II Is well first to make hasty survey
OF the operations Of other farmers In
the vicinity and of the available mar
ket, since often where similar condi-
lions prevail throughout an entire To-
cality there is a tendency for many
farmers to enter on certain line OF
temporary agriculture, with the re-
suit that the supply far exceeds the
local demand. A little foresight may
prevent disappointment.
These rows between the trees are
somewhat more difficult to cultivate
than In the open field. and may re-
quire considerable handwork, but In
many cases the crops which are plant.
ed yield a comfortable profit.
The intercrOpping Of young orchards
has an additional purpose besides the
mere direct financial gal1. II fur
nlshes an Incentive to Keep the or
chard cultivated, and az rule this
Is highly desirable frori the stand.
point Of the trees.
An Off year furnishes q good time to
put the orchard In order by close prun.
ing, such as the orchardlst could not
easily afford If II meant reduction in
bearing surface.
Profit may sometimes be found In a
sOwed crop. Buckwheat is often a
good thing when sOwed among young
trees. The buckwheat may not pay
to harvest for grain, but If moved be-
fore fully mature 1t makes good
mulch, or If permitted to mature
enough grain may be obtained to ma.
terlally cut down the expenditure for
poultry feed. Buckwheat can be
sOwn in June or even In July and stlll
make a satisfactory growth. Field
peas, cowpeas and various other crops
that make good forage can be used
as occasion suggests, and the soil be
improved thereby.
The fruit grower should realize that
1t Is the abuse rather than the use OF
double-cropping systems that may re.
suit adversely to the trees. And again,
an interplanted crop which is to be
harvested and not used entirely for
soil Improvement should be looked
upon as means of reducing the ex
pense of maintaining the trees rath'
er than crop viii resents def
cite cash Income.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
GOOD
ROADS
FEDERAL AID FOR HIGHWAYS
President Harding Insists That States
and Communities Keep Roads
In Repair.

President Harding has touched up
on a subject which II is to be hoped
he will develop in his communications
to congress, and that Is the subject of
federal participation in the building
of good roads. The government Is
committed to the policy of co-operat-
ing with the states in road construc-
depart from 1t, hut the President is
emphatic in his insistence that the
states and communities shall assume
the responsibility of keeping their
roads In repair, which is only jest
and fair proposition, says Washington
Post. If the government Is to pay
out millions of the taxpayers money
to help pay for the construction of
roads, only to see within few years
these highways deteriorate into dis
use and decay, that money is wasted.
The value of good roads Is now gen
orally recognized and the larger and
more progressive states have proved
that they are good investments. I'm
proved highways mean not only good
automobile roads, they mean cheaper
and better food, greater values In the
land, better opportunities for the
rural population. And they also pay
good dividends In the huge sums col
lected In license fees for motor We
hicles, enough In most instances to
pay the cost Of repairs and improve
ments
The policy Of the government CO.
operating with the states In the cost
of road building has been great in
centive in the construction of better
highways and there is no doubt that
many thousands Of miles of roads have
been built under this plan, which
otherwise would not have been under
taken. 1t should and doubtless will
be continued, but there should be an
expressed guarantee that roads built
under this cooperative plan are to be
maintained and kept In good repair.
This prominently is the duty of the
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Horticultural
Points
GROWING CROPS IN ORCHARDS
Cost Of Bringing Trees to Profitable
Bearing Is Reduced and cultlvs-
tlon Promoted.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
One of the difficulties of fruit grow
Ing, either as main industry or as an
Incidental to general farming, Is the
length OF time that must elapse before
the orchard begins to yield returns.
When, as In many sections In spring,
freeze destroys or greatly reduces
the expected crop, the loss TO many
growers, including those who expected
TO harvest their first fruit In 1921, Is
likely to be serious. The loss under
some conditions can be partly Offset
and other benefits Gun be gained by
growing vegetable crops between the
rows of young fruit trees, say special
lists of the United States Department
OF Agriculture,
Experienced orchardlsts frequently
find 1t advantageous TO grow crops be
tween the tree rows until the trees
reach bearing age. After bearing be
gins It Is impracticable to double.
crop" an orchard. AS rule, inter
cropping cannot be practiced In u
RNhNh uiNtl itit Nilliu StuSOD
from planting. Six to eight years is
usually the limit for an apple or.
chard, the exact time depending on the
variety. vlgor and growth, and other
factors. Further, the trees will usu-
ally shade the ground too much for
the growing OF vegetable crops by the
time the ages mentioned are reached.
In an "off year." with an orchard
that II expected TO come into bear
Ing for the first time, many fruit grow
ers will find It To their advantage to
plant crops OF potatoes. corn, soy
beans, cowpeas. shell-benns, or sweet
potatoes I'm states where they can be
raised between the orchard rows. The
growing Of potatoes, however In an
orchard In the northern fruit belt" is
a doubtful practice, since the digging
of them amounts practically 70 q late
cultivation OF the ground, and under
some conditions this might stimulate
late growth Of the trees, which would
be undesirable. In this way the farm
er can utilize about half the space of
his orchard land without injury To
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

Piccadllly Circus and he snapped
yarns and magazines with them IN
London hospitals. He grew homesicb
for them last summer and caught the
next boat out OF Liverpool.
Although he will not be eligible for
membership In the American Legion
until he becomes an American citi
zen, Grlndle wanted TO show the ex.
service mems organization where he
stood. While In hospital he PASSED
away his idle moments In making o
large replica OF the American Legion
emblem on a brass plate. A buddy
lent him a Legion button as model,
He took the plate to national head
quarters of the Legion recently AZ o
token of friendship and asked II some.
one wouldn't have n law passed so
he could become a citizen without
further ado.
Grindle Is now working I'm a photo
graphic studio In Indianapolis, Ind,
counting the days until he can be
come a full-fledged buddy.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

was NOuuutu.
When pressed for details he owned
up to 20 wounds In four major Of
fensives. A job was made for him,
clerical work that would keep his
mind occupied" but which would be
consistent with 20 wounds.
Evans was a private in the Twenty
eighth infantry, First division, A ma
chine gun got him at Cantlgny, a
bayonet came next at Scissors; he
was struck by shrapnel In the St.
Mihiel push and In the ArgonDe a
one-pOunder shell hit him a glancing
blow on the chin before 1t exploded.
When II went Off almost under him
% pieces of shrapnel peppered his
body. He remained on the battlefield
30 hours before he was picked up.
"But I'm happy just the same"
Evans says. This job keeps me from
being loafer and pays just enough
with my government compensation
for me 10 get married. l guess
was born lucky"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

new hospitals for our wounded and
disabled men at Chelsea, Mass, and
CulfpOrt, Miss, as soon as we can re-
crult 300 nurses to take care OF the
boys" said Mrs. Hickey.
The record Of Mrs. Hickey I'm the
World war includes service as nurse
with both the French and American
armies. She was member of Base
Hospital unit No. 81 at Toul and later
served as chief nurse at Fort Nc
Henry, Baltimore, Md.
Mrs. Hickey can be reached at the
Polytechnic hospital, 345 West Flftieth
street, New York city, and will give
full inform alton upon request. APP
plicatlon banks, however. for this
service may be obtained from the
chief nurse, Polytechnic hospital, or d.
rect from tie surgeon general, U. s,
public health service. Washington,
ID. Q.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Motor Gig Burns

San Francisco-The motor gig OF
Commander Percy w. Foote OF the U.
S. S. Salem burned to the waters
edge in San Francisco bay shortly be-
fore midnight Monday, severely burn
ING the officer and two of the five
men with him. They We're returning
to the Salem from shore at the time.
Commander FOOte and the sailors
jumped overheard from the gig when
il started TO burn and they were pick
ed up some time later by boat from
the U. S. s.. Tennessee.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Benefit Performs.ce.

For some time the benign old gem
heman sat watching the novice In his
vain attempts 10 land a fish. Finally
the angler was reduced to his last
worm and still no catch.
"Cheer up, SON. said the old gem
teman. They're biting well for you
at any rate"
mo, they amt retorted the other
aggrlevedly. They're bitln' for their
own personal benefit, that's what they
are. "-American Legion Weekly.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Can't Prove II.

Yeast-It is said If the heat and
muscular effort expended by the aver
age man In day could be converted
into electrical energy II would be suf
6cient to run a sewing machine motor
for 100 hours.
Crimsonbeak-Then why in thunder
can't the average man crank q fiivver
more speedily?
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
NEW AT THE GAME.

was your secondhand truck re-
paired by an expertT said Farmer
Chessman.
I'm little suspicious that II
wasn't" replied Farmer Brookfleld
"The young Teller who did the work
took the machine Ill apart, put II to-
gether again so 1t runs as easy as
gold watch. an charged me only
$40"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

state and not Of the general govern.
ment, and 1t should be understood
that no state will receive an appro-
priation from the federal government
for road building except under the
stipulation that 1t will make provision
for upkeep.
This Is good policy and good busi-
ness and President Harding Is con.
serving the public interest in bringing
1t to the attention Of the country.
States like Pennsylvania, New York,
Ohio and Maryland. which have ex.
pended millions Of their own money
on system of improved highways,
willingly would give guarantees along
this line, and II any state is not ready
to make such an agreement 1t should
not participate In the federal appSo-
priation.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Mad, ANYHOW,

Zone of our prominent professors
gave an interview to one Of the re-
porters with the understanding that
his name must not appear in print"
"Then 1t evidently got into the pa
per-"
"Yes, and now he is mad because
II was spelled wrong."-Kansas
Brown Bull.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

care for sick and
wounded veterans
of the World war
Is being made by
Mrs. Mary A.
Hickey, assistant
superintendent Of
nurses, U. S. pub
lie health service,
and a member of
Springfield (Alass.)
post of the Amerl
can Legion.
ave are ready
to open up two
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
The Latest AIibI.

The BOSWELL. what excuse this
timer Grandmother dead again,
suppose?
The o. B.-No sir Grandmother
wants me to take her to the game
and point out all the best-knOwn play
srG-American Legion Weekly.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

apolis, Ind, still
believes he was
b orn under q
lucky star.
He walked into
national h cad
quarters Of the
American Legion
the other day
seeking "just any
kind of work that
will keep my mind
occupied" III e
said he was an
overseas veteran.
tlYt.. a3Gn ~
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

holding down a
pivot In the cadet
battalion mt the
University of Ne
braska In 1895
when the future
general was n
com m a n d n n (
there. Incidental
ly MIR. Whltmore
and General Per
shing formed q
friendship on the
campus which en-
dures to the pres
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
ouch, to Burn Candles.

"People who ride hobbies are often
Inconsistent"
That's true"
"There's Jibway, for instance. His
yq5use Is full of candlesticks gathered
from every parr of the globe, yet he's
~ always complaining about the size of
his electric light bill"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Appropriate.

II was their wooden wedding
"And now, darling" said the wife,
who was in one OF her sweet moods,
"what are you going to give meH"
II give you myself" said the hus-
band.
"Yourself?"
"Yes; don't you remember calling
me a blockhead last nlght?"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Two Strings.

Social Stude Drowning In perplex-
ity ON hearing once more that she Ia
not at hone)-I wonder Jimmy, II
your sister realizes that have treated
her to three taxi rides and four con-
certs this month?
"You bet she realizes II. That's why
she's keeping her engagement to Bill
Henderson n secret."-Iudge.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Time to Keep Cool.

"As l was coming home tonight"
said Mr.. Dubwaite, ~ was held up"
Mercy exclaimed Mrs. Dubwaite.
by highwayman"
"No, by traffic policeman"
"Then you didn't lose anything
"Yes, ! did. lost my temper and
I'm now under bond"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
Speaks EeelinulY.

Speaker-Is there any one here who
does not believe in the basic principle
that the more hands there are the less
work there will be for each worker?
Woman-Yes. l don't believe Ii.
"And may l ask, madam, what you
know about it?"
II am q manicurist."
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
BIG TRUCKS ARE EXPENSIVE
Damage to Highways and Bridges 10
Costly ltem-New York Plans
Tax on Tonnage.

Because big trucks are tearing ND
the highways and making the repair
of bridges costly item, legislative
leaders in New York state are plan.
ming to pass bill that will tax mo-
tor trucks weighing five tons and
over 500 ton every year. II is es
timated that this will yield S350.ON
q year to the state.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

when London en-.
tertalned u por.
ton OF the Amerl.
can Expedltlonary
Force, and there
IRE few cases
where Tommy fol-
lowed the Yanks
back home.
Baden GrlL die OF
the London Rifle
Brigade did, how
ever. The Ameri.
cans were his bud
dies up and down
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22
actfui.

Hes tactful."
"Think SOP"
"When | gave him my excuse for
being late he said 1t was better than
none"
"Where is the tact?"
"That was his easy way of letting
me know that | had a poor excuse"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1921-07-22

Robb, chaplain Of
the Iowa depart
ment of the Amer
lean Legion. to
he Off ce OF
sheriff of POLK
county. they dis
regarded party
lince for the good
Of the community.
The Legion chap
lain ran far
ahead of his OPP
ponent In the face
of N lnndsllfie