Arizona republican., 1921-04-24

hold most of their ideas tentatively rather than dogmatically. It is a T w science, the fundamental value of which is widely acknowledged, but the details of which are just begin ping to be worked out
 Many of it's proponents believe that the beginning of psycho-an analysis will be looked back upon as one of the great strides forward in mans understanding of himself. Certainly it has spread a flood of light into thousand dark corners of human mis- 1 cry. It challenges the value of laws and social customs that are deeply intrenched in our lives. It is sure to excite fierce opposition. And 1t will be a long time before its proper place | in the scheme of things has been es tablished Meanwhile it is a thing about which to be inquiring and skeptical rather than enthusiastic and kcredulous
 Not an Excuse for License
 There is widespread notion that psycho- analysis and especially the doctrines of Freud, tend to justify a great deal more freedom of conduct than has generally been enjoyed by the majority of people. As a mat l ter of fact this is not true. What the psycho- analysts have really shown is that the happiness of an individual depends upon the proper use of all his energies. physical and mental, rather than upon continuity to any given set of rules But the achievement of this means the living of a carefully controlled and directed life.
 In this point of view the psycho- analysts are in agreement with the modern philosophical viewpoint, and
 with some of the most recent work of research along physiological lines.
 Thus philosophy has proceeded in
 the past on the assumption that man
 is actuated primarily by the desire
 for self preservation. Nietzsche up-
 sets this idea by simply pointing out
 that we see men every day rfsking
 their lives of their own free wills in
 order to do the things they feel i'm
 pelled to do. Thus we see poets
 starving to write their poems, ex-
 plorers facing danger of death from
 jungle fever or freezing, physicians
 deliberately inoculating themselves
 with diseases to prove their theories
 and a thousand number. less obvious
 risks and sacrifices, which imperil
 the individual but help to satisfy
 what Nietzsche called his will-to-
 power, that is, his desire to assert
 and fulfill himself.
 The studies of such men as Grille
 and Cannon show further that man is
 impelled to do the things he wants to do by chemical reactions in his own body and that if he is prevented from doing them he is made i'll. Ii you are a born fighter and frequently feel like fighting this cumulative emo-
 ton pours a substance into youl blood from certain glands, changing
 its chemical composition. And the blood will not return to normal unti some action has taken place. The
 born fighter finds his real joy in the
 prize ring or on the battle field, ever though he risks and ultimately lose: his life.
 With all of this psycho- analyst:
 agrees. It teaches you that your req
 happiness will be found in doing the things you deeply crave to do. and ir no other way. And there are legiti- mate ways of satisfying most of youl cravings.
 All of this, you will say. is fairly obvious. But it is not the basis ol most of our laws, customs and edu- cational methods. Parents guar dians, elders generally. have sough i to arrange the activities of theil children without due regard for theil
 individual needs. The boy is educat- cd to be a doctor because his father is one, without making first a study of the boy which might reveal tha
 he is a born politician and will finC , his happiness only in making , speeches and organizing. The girl Il 1, pushed into an early marriage though her real craving may be fol musical or artistic expression. Ev f erywhere we see the assumption tha a human being can be made into thi' ' or that. like a piece of clay. that al he needs is restraint and proper di , rection. Now comes science and say , that he is not a piece of clay, to b. : nodded and hammered into certain { pattern. but an individual and pre- T Iaf -H1 he