davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
By D. S. Merejkowski

(Worldf famous poet, a0riter, critic
dramatist and interpreter Of Dos
toievsky)
THE power of the BoIsheviki is,
first, in our weakness, and, sec
ond, in the satanic perversion Of
three great ideas-the idea of soci-
ality (socialism), the idea of equality
and the idea of universally. The
Bolshevist perversion of these three
ideas consists in that they have Gre
ated sociality without individual
ity, equality without liberty and uni
versatility without country. The true
problem placed by God before man.
but solved in Bolshevism by the
devil, is to combine sociality with in
dividuality, equality with liberty,
universally with country.
2. The Bolsheviki have managed
to maintain themselves for three
years because, first, we Russians
strengthened them by our own
weakness and, second, because they
were supported by the whole Of Eu
rope in apparent intervention"
but actually by intervention into
Russian affairs, which redounded TO
the advantage of the Bolsheviki.
First they were supported by Ger
many, in order to destroy the mill
tary might Of Russia, and now they
are supported by England in order
to transform Russia into colony.
3. The position of the Bolsheviki
has been strengthened, first, by the
weakness of our intelligentsia, and,
second, by the ignorance and primi-
tivity of the Russian people. Think
of It'll To serve the Gear as Cod
for 1000 years and then to end
the life of Nicholas II as they did
in Ekaterinburg. This is a his
toric, cosnlie abomination! How
ever, we can find consolation in that
the Russian people are no worse
than other peoples. What the Rus
sian people did to the former Czar
they are doing to themselves. The
Gar paid for his past and the Rus
sian people, too, will pay. oh,
daughter of Babylon, oh, Destroyer
Blessed he who will avenge us Cor
the injuries thou hast heaped upon
u.s. Blessed he who viii take and
crush thy childrenr' Not we, but
they themselves, will do it, they
themselves will take revenge upon
themselves. But, at any rate, what
Europe is now doing to Russia
that viii never be forgiven!
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
lsslan Leaders Discuss the Secret of Boshevk Power
Lack Of Unity Among the Oppo-
nents Of the Reds Has Caused
Failure of Counter Movements

strengthening OF Bolshevism in Rus
sia. The Russian intelligentsia also
played great part in the situation.
The Russian intelligentsia has long
ago become inoculated with the idea
Of universal missionism and mes
sianism. AS early as the last quar-
ter Of the eighteenth century Won
Visin uttered his celebrated remark:
"Nous commencons, on lis fnissent." !"
Saw Russia q Leader
Russia, forsooth, is called to teach
and save the world. This view
point formed the basis of all Slavo-
rhile teaching, was later popular
lied by Herzen, and finally became
the keystone of the gospel of Dostoi-
evsky. 1t is characteristic that
the Socialist Revolutionists, too,
were bitten, although to a lesser
degree, by this messianist idea.
The Russian mir, Russian agrarian
socialism--that was to save the
world, we were told.
Thanks to the rigid police regime,
the messianically inclined Russian
intelligentsia was far. removed from
all practical political life. And
when the great crisis arrived it
found it totally unprepared for the
work Of building the new life. The
intelligentsia was devoid Of the in
stinct Of power. More than that, 1t
did not even possess a strong will
to power. That was why it could
not govern the people in the epoch
of the tempestuous play Of passions.
I know Of nothing more tragic
than our provisional government
composed of noble idealists but quite
inexperienced politicians. Where a
show of force was necessary they
wrote appeals and sermons. Where
/ immediate practical steps were re-
quired they designed projects. They
were saving the world. They were
designing the most democratic re-
! public on earth. But they could not
handle the mutinies in the army and
villages, nor free themselves from
the nuisance of the Petrograd talk
ing machines, nor lure Lenine out of
the palace of Kzsheshinskaya.
owe will not shed a single drop
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
BY A. |. Kuprin
zone Of the most brilliant of Russia
LiUing 1UfiterS)

I1U1f1g 1O11terS)
IN THE heIpIessness of the coun-
try lies the power of the BoI-
sheviki.
Because of the lack of courage the
selfshness and shortsightedness of
the West is to be found the answer to
the second question; the lack of CO
operation of the anti Bolshevist
forces in Russia; the inadequacy and
lack of straightforwardness of the
slogans of the White leaders as well
as lack of discipline in their armies.
In the interior of the country the
most powerful allies of the Bolshe-
Wiki are hunger and executions.
Never before did the world realize
what boundless, repulsive power
there was embodied in two ounces of
bread. Never before has The world
been witness to such cold, cynical
disregard of man for man and of
humanity for a bleeding, hunger
tortured people.
The answer to the third question
lies in the other two.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
BY NJ. NJ. Vinaver


(Men1ber Of the D~ma-Mem5er OF
the Constitutional Assembly,
Chairman Of the Central Commit
tee Of the Constitutional Demo
cratic partly
I. The power of the Bolsheviki is
in the sins of our past. The mad
ness Of Stolypin-as early as fifteen
years ago-destroyed all possibility
of the creation by normal develop
nlent of an economically strong peas
antry. The new constructive forces
had no opportunity of making up for
lost time, and Bolshevism found it
easy to drive its deadly wedge into
the undefended position.
2. Bolshevism is maintaining itself
by an error, or-what amounts to the
same thing-our weakness. And the
source of that weakness is the same
the absence of strong class, ca
pable of constructive social work and
organization.
3. The position Of the Bolsheviki
has been strengthened to a certain
extent because the various Russian
political parties failed to unite and
to present a solid Bolshevist
front.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

antry represented huge. avalanche
which might have remained still for
some time had it not been for the
World War, which revealed all its
hidden powers. The war armed all
the people and gave them the sense
of power. Those who have spent
years at the front know that the
Russian peasant in gray soldier uni
form acquired characteristics he had
not possessed as long as he remained
in the village.
But the point is not the war alone,
but the unsuccessful conduct of the
war. The discipline of the Rus
sian army deteriorated long before
the revolution. AS early as Decem-
ber, 1916, the deserters numbered
hundreds of thousands, while the
new officers, no longer composed of
regulars, could not exercise author
ity. The dissolution of the Rus
sian army began before the revolu-
ton.
This, of course, formed a fertile
basis for German intrigue. Long
before the war the German General
Staff counted upon a revolution in
Russia; it looked for this revolution
in the mistaken belief that Germany
herself was secure from revolu-
tionary upheaval. To add to this
illusion came Lenine and his band.
To be sure, German intrigue was
every bit as active in France as it
was in Russia, and yet Germany
failed to accomplish anything in
the countries of our allies. Lenine
is a traitor. Germany supported
him with all her power, but the germs
srvead by LeniAe succeeded only in
Russia because there they fed upon
soil created and fertilized by the old
regime and by the war.
But ali these causes dh not ex-
glain fully tbs Development and
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Terrorism, Ignorance and Fear Of a
Return to Czarism Are
Powerful Factors
By Joseph Shaplen

NNE of the most tragic features
of Russia's travail is the fact
~ that for the last three years
sSe has been represented abroad by
ceople who neither by past service
"a her cause nor by deep study Of
,er needs and hopes have earned
>Se right and the distinction to
sneak for her. The philistine con-
servative, who regards the word
change as Synonymous with robbery,
pillsge and destruction Of all that
humanity has learned to prize, and
The dilettante radical, who sees In
every empty revolutionary phrase
the gospel Of a new social order,
have both ventured to speak of Rus
sia and her great revolution. So
dense has been the mass of false
hood, half truth and illusion spoken
and written by both opponents and
defenders Of the Bolsheviki in west
ern Europe and America that the
whole question Of Russia and Boil
shevism is submerged beneath a
thick layer of nauseating irrele-
vancy, misstatennent of fact and in
excusable Misrepresentation.
The reader will find below q series
Of statements written by q number
Of distinguished Russians who, in
enc way OF another, have contrib
uted q lifetime Of service to the
cause Of Russian freedom and cul-
sure. The statements were written
By men who are indeed entitled to
speak for Russia as Russians. They
were written in reply to the follow
ing three questions:
/. In what is the power Of The
Bolsheviki?
2. Why have they been able to
maintain their government for
more than three years?
3. What are the causes that
strengthened their position and
power?
TRANSACTIONS of the statements
from the Russian were prepared es-
peclaly for The Tribune.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
By DR.. D. Passmanik


Noted leader of Russian ZjouiS1n)
-FOUR factors have contributed to
- the development and consolida-
ton of Bolshevism in Russia
/. The old bureaucratic regime
and its consequences.
2. The war and its material and
psychologist effects.
3. German intrigue.
4. The role of the Russian in
telligentsia in the life of Russia.
The old regime brought about, IS
its final consequence, the instability
of internal life in Russia. 1t failed
to recognize the profound changes
wrought in Russian life following
the abolition of serfdom in 1861
and sought its main support-even
as late as in the administration of
Stolypin-in 10000 landlords. The
crux Of the situation, after all, is
not in liberal ideas or in political
liberties, but in constructive eco
nomic work. The crux of the sit
uation is in the condition of 120,-
100000 peasants. Instead of bank
ing upon 10000 landlords it was
necessary to improve the condition
of millions of peasants. This the
old regime failed to do, or, rather,
it satisfied itself with homeopathic
measures, such as facilitating the
migration of peasants to Siberia or
the so-called reforms of Stolypin.
The disorganizeG condition of peas
ant life formed the basis for the
unsettled situ>tion characterized by
the word "pugachovschina."
1t is said that the peasants real
ly took no part in the preparations
for the March revolution. That is
true. The unstable Russian uaas-
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
By E. |. Kedrin

(Nenlber OF the First D4n1a-.Mi11-
+ lister of Justice IN the TchGikovsku
GoUe1Y11nent)
TEHE strength of the Bolsheviki
consisted originally in the fact
that they managed to make the peo-
pie believe in the possibility of inn
mediate realization of their noblest
ideals and desires. They implanted
in the masses the hope of a better
life not in heaven after death, but
here on earth. 1t is this which made
the Communist teaching so alluring
and hypnotized it's party adopts and
propagandists, as we'll as the mob,
with an almost religious fanaticism.
The Bolsheviki, guided by Ger
man instructors, seized the power
from the weak hands of the pro-
visional government and deceived
the people with promises of i'm
mediate peace, land and freedom.
They are to this day consulting with
the Germans in technical matters of
state administration and are main
tanning themselves by the force of
inertia only because there is no other
power to take their place.
The principal factors which have
strengthened the Soviet government
are:
ta) The utilization by this gov
ernment Of the mighty police system
created by Czarism. Here the So
Wet pnvernrnanH rrinln&nr Ill
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

of blood" wrote the late Shingareff.
That is why it is now three years
that Russia is stepped in blood.
The Bolsheviki won only because
they possess the instinct of power,
of which the Russian intellgentsia
is devoid. To save Russia we need a
strong, satisfied, toiling peasantry
and strong, powerful intelligentsia.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
By Paul Miliukof

(Scholar, historian, founder and
leader Of the Constjtutiomalist-
Democratic party and Minister of
Foreign Affairs in the first Pro-
vi$ionaI Cabinet,)
WHAT is it that keeps Bolshevism
alive and prevents its disap-
pearance?
The causes are manifold, and 1
cannot pledge myself to give an ex-
haustive description of them under
The six heads the reader will find
below; but / venture to think that
the main causes have been here set
forth.
/. 4 defective historical tradition.
1t would be possible to go back to
The depths OF our past history in Or
der to prove its connection with the
present. Instead, | shall confine my
self to one empiric observation.
Study the map of Russia and try to
realize in which parts Of our vast
country Bolshevism has taken root
most firmly. You will find that this
territory corresponds almost exactly
to the old historical center of the
Russian state with the Moscow cen
ter, which, at the price Of serfdom
and heavy material sacrifices, had
borne the brunt Of the arduous proc
eSs of the formation Of the Russian
state. The habits of submission and
Of patient passive resistance to the
most cruel methods Of autocratic
government have been in existence in
these rebions for centuries, and have
not yet been eradicated by new con-
dltions Of life, On the contrary, as
soon as you cross this old historical
ooundary-in the regions Of the
Arctic Sea, in the eastern trans
Volga districts, in the Urals and in
Siberia, and in the newly colonized
provinces Of the south, in the
Ukraine, in the Cossack lands-you
md that Bolshevism degenerates
rapidly and collapses, leaving chaos
IN its stead where there is no ade-
quate constitutional center.
Inadequate Training
2. inadequate training in orga1s-
&sd oIlective ond conscious re-
distance.
This is another feature Of the
same inheritance. Here again,
instead Of an elaborate argument, I
snail record an empiric observation.
Inc Duma, which existed only ten
years, had not contributed in any
appreciable degree toward the
growth Of political consciousness
among the masses. And yet we note
'aat among the leaders Of nearly
sA political movements during the
evolutionary period and the 'coun-
sef revolution" from the Right to
'o @@e1ts With the exception OF the
extremists, no new names are to be
Traced. All these leaders are former
members Of tho Duma, belonging to
inherent parties. The masses had
w leaders other than those whom
sae Inadequate Duma had provided.
"aas If the Duma had been q coed
'ae and not bad one, truly rep
sssentativs assembly, and had been
~ existence not for ten years, with
soeeed interruptions and changes in
me system Of elections, but fer
ssaSer term Of years, and had been
sSSsaposao Of elements representing
A nation and It's spirit at least as
saag 90 did the arst Duma, forcibly
r. * Il * = + s. 8 = : p Z
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

applied unknown even in the days
of autocracy.
9. The force of inertia of the
former state organization on which
Bolshevism lived in the absence of
constructive elements of it's own is
now gradually spent. Of course,
from the beginning the Bolsheviki
destroyed the foundations of healthy
statehood But outward forms re-
mained on the top and inveterate
habits of obedience at the bottom.
Now both have been destroyed.
There is no apparatus of power, and
the habit of discipline has gone
Bolshevism has reverted to the stage
when violence must be applied, not
as symbol, but practically and i'm
mediately, in order to force the
whole community into every act
which is necessary for it's existence
as a whole.
3. The hatred of the masses of
the population has reached such a
pitch that even purposeless outbreaks
of unorganiZed resistance are pre-
ferred to passive submission. The
peasants have long since acquired all
they could obtain, whereas the heroes
of the proletarian revolution have
lost everything except the state pen
sion which has been substituted for
wages, but the real value of which is
rapidly declining with the fall of the
price of paper money and the dis
integration of the supplying ap-
paratus.
Red Army Against Fighting
!, The neutrality of the priui-
legged groups which profited by the
Bolshevik regime is growing. In
the first place, the Communist party
itself has been filled with non-com-
munist elements to such an extent
that the Bolsheviki have been com
PEELED to carry out a strict new
census which appears to have re-
suited in a considerable reduction of
membership of the party (by three
fourths, if we are to accept Mr..
Wells's figures). The great majority
of the Red army definitely dislikes
the idea of fighting, and is in the
same mood as the Russian front in
1916-17. The cadres of the army
live solely by pIunder, the source of
which is now wellnigh exhausted.
Bolshevik bureaucracy and the new
bourgeoisie are ready to submit to
any other stable regime which
would be willing to accept them.
These are but summary conclu-
sions. The data upon which they
are founded are, however, well
known to all those who have followed
the evolution of Bolshevism. / do
not think these conclusions can be
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

mental conceptions Of morality and
right. 1t resorts freely to espionage,
executions without trial, mass muir
der of alleged enemies against whom
there is not particle of evidence,
etc.
(b) The failure of Che opponents
of the Bolshsvfh to convince the
people that they were really their
servants and anxious to serve their
interests. On the contrary, the lead
ers of the White armies (Kolchak,
Denikine, Yudenitch) in no way miti-
gated the suferings of the people,
but by their actions justified the &C
cusations of the Bolsheviki.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

cannot be altered. But the others
are already undergoing a process of
change as a result of the bitter and
painful lessons of the last three
years; There can be no doubt that
the masses have derived from the
revolution a powerful impetus for
clearer political consciousness. The
fear which these masses entertained
of losing the fruits Of the revolution
is gradually mitigated by the dura-
tion of their possession, as well as
by the obvious incapacity of the
old privileged class to recover their
lost possessions. The superstitious
fatalism engendered by Bolshevism
is passing, together with the heavy
aftermath of the World War, which
has created a favorable ground for
the development of eXtremism. Boil
shevism is everywhere ON the de-
cline, and both the hopes and the
fears of a world revolution are dis
appearing. The causes which con-
tributed to the vacillations of west
ern Europe in regard to Bolshevism
are no longer as potent as before.
Civilized humanity is growing more
and more clearly conscious Of the
danger of the continued existence
in Russia of a center of world in
fection. I entertain no exaggerated
hopes for the removal of the last
reason Of Bolshevik stability-our
own dissensions. II is, however, be-
coming apparent that the groups
which heretofore have remained
passive and indulged in criticism are
preparing for the parallel activities
which I mentioned above as posi-
bic solution.
Not only are the causes weaken
ing which paralyzed the opposition
to Bolshevism, but the causes are
simultaneously passing away which
contributed to strengthen the Boil
sheviki themselves. / would men
tion the phenomena tending to con-
vert the bygone strength of the Boil
shevil1i into weakness under the
following four heads:
Worse Than Czarism
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Worse Than Czarism

1. The Utopian nature of their
creed, which attracted the masses at
the start, is becoming apparent to
an but few fanatics now that full
scope has been given to the expert
ment, which has been carried out to
the bitter end. Every one realizes
that the "decrees" remain on paper,
but that in real life methods of
compulsion and forced labor are
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Not a Forlorn Hope

OF course, this is not a forlorn
hope. 1t rests primarily on the fact
that all the aforementioned causes
of the comparative stability of the
Bolsheviki depend not upon their
strength, but upon the weakness of
their opponents. The first cause
mentioned-the workings Of history
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

PAUL MILIUKOFF sau5
one reason the B0lsheUjtj
continue IN poWer is that
the people fear q change
might lose them the benefits
Of their reUolution
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

of
IL printed O. 6 World
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

more successful and that they will
not live to celebrate their fourth
anniversary?
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

refuted, even by those whom they
concern,
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25
Doris Literary
CLUB In Debate

DORRIS, Cal. March 25.-A
large number OF local folk were In
attendance Wednesday evening at the
weekly Young and Old literary club
meeting and were greatly pleased
with tho program rendered. which
consisted OF musical numbers. read
ings and a debate. The greater por-
tion OF the evening was devoted to a
debate on the question. Resolved
that education has done more for the
advancement OF civilization than
war" The affirmative was sup.
ported by MIS-. Hodges, Mr.. Mosler
and Mr.. sevits, while Mr.. Clemmons.
Mr.. sherman and Mr.. Rogers argued
for the negative. The Judges found
a decision for the affirmative.
The funeral OF Mrs. X. l.. oliver.
who passed away at her home here
Tuesday after a lingering illness COW
sring years, was held yesterday from
the Congregational church, Rev. Har-
rison wilkins officiating. The
Knights OF Pythias lodge attended on
masse.
James o'Keefe. one OF the load
ing sheepmen OF klamath county.
was a business visitor In Doris yes
terday having driven down from his
ranch near Keno. Mr.. o'Keefe, be-
ing a student OF economic conditions,
states his belief that condition In the
sheep and wool markets will soon
show signs OF Improvement
Mrs. VIM. q. Hagelstein, wife of
VIM. @. Hagelstein, cashier OF the
Butte Valley State bank, has return
cd from her old homo at Watsonyille.
California, where she has spent the
past two months visiting with her
parents. Her father. Mr.. Chesley
Stow, accompanied her to Doris and
will remain with Mr.. and Mrs. Hagel-
stein several months.
Mrs. W. ID. Miller. wife Of w. ID.
Miller, klamath Falls contractor, is
visiting with her sister. Mrs. Roy
Taber.
A. d. Evans, who formerly owned
the general merchandise store now
conducted by Mile rand Robinson,
conducted by Miller and Robinson,
business. Mr.. Evans resides at
Rogue River, Oregon.
b. Long. local theatre owner, left
for San Francisco yesterday to be
gone several days securing mater
ials for the completion of his build
ing which will be leased and operated
by Messrs. Terwilllger and Patrick OF
klamath Falls.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25
WANTED
MISCELLANEOUS

FOR RENT--3 rooms. unfurnishod
hot and cold water, bath. $40
month. No children. Also harness.
chains, otc. for sale. 73S California
street. 24-3I&
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25

WANTED--Work by tonmster, com
pctent to drive 2, 4, G. or 3 horse
team. Address 1921 Pleasant Ave.
Phone Saw. 2I-2Gs
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

WhNTED-Two farm horses for
about 2 weeks, to do plowing for
their feed. VIII tako good care OF
thom. See Parker, Farmers Ware
house. 22-2G
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25

FOR SALB--Furnituro almost now.
Must sell at once, am leaving the
city. 1926 Pine ST. opposite white
Pelican Hotel. 1885,
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25

FOR shLE--4s0 acrcs grazing land
on Upper klamath Marsh, partly
fenced, good barn 80 30 and cor.
rails, deep well. also running water
through place. VIII price right. By
owner. Lock box No 81. Merrill. Ore.
22-2B
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1921-03-25

WANTED--Good ranch hand for tho
soasoD. FOR SALE, 100 head of
stock cattle. Inquire OF II. J. Tick
nor. Phone Langoll Valley. Orc.
1923