davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
PraneSa, Atrial Sutinka su Tai
kos SalygOnlis

IoNDoNAS, gr. %. Vie
tos laikraseiai Nspa1zdina dau-
gybe depesp is Airijos. Sake
ma, jog ailiu diduma stow uz
taikos salygas, padarytas srl
AnglijaS
Kaip zinoma, Dubline sim
feinerip parlamentas irH vel
susirinks sausfo 8 d. If inns
baigti svarstyti tas taikos So
lygas. -
LaikraStis Morning Pos t
pranesa, kad reikia laukti SEN
sacijos, kuomet susirinks sinn-
feineriq parlamentas. Sake,
vyriausias airiu vadas de Va
lera, kuris yisas laikas brlvo
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
CHrc AGOJE.
PRIZES BRANCH GIVE
NINA.

i Sales yyriausybes agentai
pradejo tyrin6jimus, suristus
su brangiu gyyenimu.
Teisingumo@ departamentas
pastaraisiais laikais surinko
daugybe faktQ, jog visoki dai-
ktai, taipat ir maistas, abel
nqjame pardayime gerokai at
pigo. Kad tuotarpu vartoto-
jai krautuv9se turf uz yiskQ
moketi beveilz karo laiku kai
mas.
Aiskus daiktas, kad dau-
guma krautuvininkQ susitare
'plesia vaftotojus.
Taigi agentai Siandie kaip
Chicagoje, taip kituose mics
tuose ta klausima tyrineja,
renka reikalingus faktus il
sake, kad kfautuvininkai bu-
sia patraukti atsakomybep,
pasiremiant shermano ista-
tymu.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

monui leidzziama viena diena
atsilsio, ty. paliuosuojama nuo
priedermiq, kas dvi savaiti.
Miesto tarybos policijos ko-
.mitetas dabar gavo' rezoliuci-
ia, kad policmonus nuo prize
dermiu vienai dienai paliuo-
suoti kas savaite.
Ia rezoliuciia lSomitetas
pirmiausia paves perziureti
policijos Virsininkui,
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

WASHINGTON, gr. %.
Prancija, Japonija If Italia
dar nedave galutino atsakymo
eia savo delegations kas link
Suv. Valstijq pastatyto pro-
jekto nardanciq laiviQ klausi-
me.
Belaukiant atsakymQ pakel-
ta sugestija sioje konfereItci-
ioje praleisti nardaneip laiviQ
klausima if il pavesti spresti
busimajai kitai tarptautinei
,ginklavimosi mazinimo konfe-
rencijai.
Tos suggestions reikale dele
gacijos viesai nereiskia savo
nuomoniu. Bet privatiniu ke-
liu prancuzai su japonais ta-
riasi pasidarbuoti nardanciq
laiviq klausima atideti toles=
MEMS laikams.
suv. Valstiiq projektui ma
Unit nardanciu laiyiu tonaza
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

vazineja traukiniais, kuriais
taipat vaziuoja randonosios
arnljos kareiviai. Ir pastarie-
rieji -uzsikrecia epidemija. Is
traukiniQ vagonq ir gelezinke-
lin stoeiq kasdien iSrankioja-
mi numireliQ layonai. Sin tar
pc nemazai yra If vaikq.
Amerikos radikalus kongre-
Sc atstovapja Carr. Jis kal-
bedamas tarp kitko stai. ka pa
sake:
"Neatveziau sveikinimQ nuo
Amerikos vyriausybes, nei nuo
'politikQ, kurie siandie konfe-
ruoja Washingtone uzsidare
duris ir-tariasi, kokiu budu su
griauti sovietq Rusija. Bet at
veziau sveikinima nuo ~milionl
spaudziamq Americas zmoniq,
nuo tQ milionq, kurie vaiksseio-
ia gatv6mis, neturedami kur
miegoti il nieko valgyti. =
Carr toliau sake, kad Anne
rikos darbininkai slapta orga-
.nizuojasi. II pasekmeje jie
visgi nuvers kapitalistp w
riausybe If isteigs darbininkql
vaIdzia.
Kogreso sesijos laikomos
Maskvos, operos butte. DAILY
yauja 1852 delegatai cir apie
200 kitq partijq vadp If pasa-
liniu zzmoniu. Tarpe siu yra
il maioras LonerganS kurs re
prezentuoia Anerikos selpimo
administracijja.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
"PELNIJoe KAzIRUo-
DAM.

Krautuves, 1918 So. Halls
ted, savininkas su 5 draugais
buvo uzimtas kazyremis. Lo1
Sc pokeri. Kuomet jjie visi bu-
vo uzimti, staiga pasigirdo
sauksmas "pakelti rankas. "
Kazirninkai atsisulse pamate
ties savimi keturis plesikus su
revolveriais.
Paeme pinigus'ir daug kito-
kin daiktQ, viso apie 800 dol,
.uzpuolikai atbnli iSejo il pra-
:gaiso, gatveje.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
VALIJos PRINCAS CALCU
TToJ.

CALCUTTA, India, gr. 28.
= Gia lankosi Valijos prineas,
Anglijos sosto ipedinis. Iskil-
mingai jjis priimamas.
Uzvakar rytmeti, prizes pat
prince atvykima eiviliu gyar-
diia susirem6 su v.ietos gwen
toiais. Vfenas zmogus nu-
kautas, kitas suzeistas.
Kitoi miesto daily .eurazal
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
NARDANtly LAIVIy kLAUsIMAs kITAI.
- kONFERNCDA

pasipriesino itaLl ir prancuzp
delegacijos. JOS turi vilties,
.kad vyriausybes jq nuomone
parems. Ir tuomet laiviu rei-
kalo, sioje konferencijoje nes
bus galima stumti pifmyn.
Vakar laivyno konlitetas ne
turejo snsirinkimo. Yra Ii
noma, kad lsio menesio pabai-
goje kai-kurip salip delegaciz
JOS rengiasi apleisti konferen-
cij4 If pacia Amerika.
Aiskiai pasirod6, kad mar
daneiq laiviu klausitnas var;
giai bus pabaigtas. Matyt,
bus atidetas kitai kehferenegi: K enc .
jai. :Kitoje /: :konferencijo
svarbiausias yalstybip tikslas
bus surnazinti nuolat palaiko.
mas sauszenio; armijas.
Tad 81 konferencija pasiten-'
kins tik taika Paeifike If karo
laiYyn1l sumazinimu. ~ .s:
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

opozicijoje, t, y. prizes sutar-
ii, atsauks save opozicija. r
'tuomet be johu sunkeny6pI
parlamentas patyirtintq tai
kos salygas.
Tai butu nepaprasta sensa-
cija.
Galimas daiktas. Visa airip
knnigija stow " taikos sally
gas ir kviecia gyyentojus re-
mti salygas. Mes Siandie Al
RIA negali issikoyoti sau di-
desnes laisyes, kokia duoda
padarytos taikos salygos. Del
to, laikas airiams. taikintis If
limits rekonstrukcijos darbo.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
sUs1K1RTo ITALA1 sU.
KRoATA1s.

ROMA, gr. %. = Dalmati-
jos, viename uoste susikove
kreatai su italais, kuomet vie
mas italy karo laivas nuplau-
ke Sebenico uostan.
Kroatai uzpuo1e II smarkiai
apdauze italus jurininkus, kuo
met tie iSlipo ant kranto.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
62 zMONES ARESTUOTI.

ALLAHABAD, India, gr.
I2S. - Cia areStuota 62 zmOgu.
Tai nacionalistu savanoriai II
Visos-Indijos kongreso nariai.
g is areStuotu nubausti kal6ji-
'mu. Nubaustas If laikraScio
Allahabad Independent redak-
torius.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
INDIJOJE PAKILUSI RE
VOLIUCIJA. y

atstovas, DR.. n: Krishna, yra
Amerikoje. Gia jis darbuoja
81 gauti Americas vyriausy-
b6s pagelba pasiliuosuoti Indi-
jai is Anglijos jungo.
LaikraSGiO Tribune -atstovaS
mat6si su Dr.. Krishna. Sake
ma, sis caves is CaleuttOs kah-
legrama apie pakilusia revo-
iucijQ Indijoje, nors Xxi Sio-
lei is kitu versmiQ negauta> a
pie tai ziniQ.
DR.. Krishnai prisiQstoji kab
legramoj sakOma:
"Revoliucija pakilo Siandie
700 ryta (taigi, gruod. 2O.
Daugiau 100 ,suSaudyta. Apie
200 nukauta. 10000 zmoniQ
uzdaryta j kal6jimus anglQ
kariuomen6s. Sinltai pamQ il
kitu trobesiQ sudeginta. Re
voliueijos vyriausias centras
Calcutta"
DR.. Krishna, be to, Tribu-
ne atstovui $tai kq pareiSk6:
"Pirm vieneriQ metu Kal6-
du dienoje Ind6nu Nacionalis
kongresas Caleuttoi parede,
idant nei vienas asmuo, SIM
patizuojqs su Indijos neprik-
lausomyb6s veikimu, nepriva-
10 pirkti jokiu Anglijos pre-
kin. 1ndenai plnlgus gall Is
leisti Amerikoje.
"si paredyma anglQ valid
zia teGiau sustabde ir jis ne
pateko Americas spaudon.
"Trimis menesiais v6liaus
indenai nacionalistai turejo
/slapta susirinkima If reVohu-
cijai pradzia nustate gruod-
zio 81 d.
"IndenQ tauta nekovoja
prizes baltqja rase, tik prizes
anglu valdzios Qpresija. Va
ijos princas Indijoje skaito-
mas tik kaipo svetimos Sales
dzentlemanas, aplankas Sail.
''Ryt ryta Calcuttoj bus
mitingas. Mahatma Gandhl,
viso veikimo galva, -kuri as ella
atstovauju, bus tame mitinge.
"Sukilime dalyvauja suvlrS
81 milionas gyventojQ, prisie-
kusiu stov6ti az IndenQ Naci-
onale valdzia. "
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
400 zMoNIU AREsTUoTA.

ALEXANDRIA,, ,Egiptas
-gr. %. - Ir eia prasid9jo SUI
kilimai. 400 agitatoriQ tho
jaus arestuota. ~
PraneSta, kad Egipto nacio.
nalistQ vadas iStremtas salon
Ceylon.
Cia gatvemis patroliuoja Sar.
vaoti automobiliai. Plenuoja,
mas generals streikas.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
5 zMoNEs NUzUDYTA.

CAIRO, Egiptas, gr. %. =
RMuS6s pakilo Mousky mics
to daily, kuomet minia uzpuo-
l6 policijos nuovadq. Kariuo-
meme ! minia atidare smarkia
ugni. Penki zmon6s~ nuzudy-
ia ir 4 suzeista.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
NE7EIS|NGI GANDAI.

WASHINGTON, XII % d.
Q1iet.. Inf. Biuras). \ Varsa-
vos laikrasGiq paleista zinute,
buk ivyks Danzige tiesiogines
lietuviq-lenkq derybos del Vii
niaus il Klaipedos, kaip pra-
mesa is Kauno Eta, yra visai
be pamato.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

4 . = ~. T, = f.
TAJJRAGE. Ripkoj lapes
kailiui moka 500 auksinp, per
mai tokiam pat kailiui mokejo
400 600 auksinq, kiaunes kait
lipkui moka 24Q auks.
Kiausiniq kama pasoko ih
loo auks, desimciai. Kiansi.
Mai eia dabar gabenani If is
Klaipedos krasto, kane kiau-
|sinini mokama 4 auksinai. "
zasis moka po 80 100 auksi-
nu.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

GAURE. W netinkan,a
pareigu ejima apskrities val
dybos valscciaus yiirsaiciul pa
siule atsistatydinti, ApsHi-
ties remizijos kofnisijia to pati
virsaiti yra batraukusi atsa-
komyb6n.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
sULAIKoMA BUvUsIoJI
IMPERAToRIENE.

L0ND0NAs, gr. %, : sa-
los Madeira gubernatorius is
Paryziaus gavo paredyma ne
leisti buvusiai imperatorienei
zitai keliauti sveicarijon.
Pirm pofos savaieip pranes7
ta, kad Zita vyksianti sveica-
rijon, kur serga jos vyresny-
sis sunus.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

VIETOS Ukio Bankas iska-
bino skelbima, kad greitq lai-
ku bus pergabentas transppr-
tas druskos, cukraus If It., ka
pardavinesia pigiau, kad
tue budn numusus kainas.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

sIAULIAI sisulip miesto
taryba paskutiniame sayo po-
sedy del kilusio brangymecio,
padidino sayo dsrbuotojams If
tarnautojams algas, iki 3O%.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
REVOLIUCIJA ANGLIJOS
INDIJOJE?
Eeipte Seka Didei Sukilinai
REVOLIUCIONIERIAI zUD0ML, KALEJIMU
BAUDzIAMl

susikirtO su magometanals.
Vienas zmogus nuzudyta il
suvirS % suzeista.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
PINIG||g EuRs|As.

( syetimp saliq pinisa yertA,
mainant nemaaiau 25OoO dol.
gruodEie q buyo tokia pagal
Merchants Loan & Trust 60.
Angiijos sterl. svarui 4.M
Prancijos 100 frankg E5S
Halijos 100 1iru 4.AIS ).
Eohetijos 100 uarkiQ -
Lietuvos 100 auksinp IS
Lenkq 100 lnaEliQ %
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28
.pAzNIAU ATsILsIs polio
MoNAMS.

siandie kiekvienam p,
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1921-12-28

PLAT1NKITE "DRAUGA.' :
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-11
Specialists Man Ships of Today

only fresh menu cards for every
meal. but daily paper, which is
found at the plate of every saloon
passenger when he sits down for
lunch.
Scafaring Manicurists.
The big ship also carries fiddler,
as old time sailors would call him.
In fact. ne Is a violinist of skill. who
has several other skilled musicians,
composing the ships orchestra. un-
der his direction. There is also on
board a bugler, whose business is TO
blow the meal calls.
Another specialist included in the
ships crew is gymnast. He rates
as athletic director and has charge
OF the ships gymnasium. where first
class passengers may exercise with
punching bag, medicine ball. rowing
machine, fixed bicycles. mechanical
horses-these animals develop sur
prising bucking oapacity-and yari-
Gus other kinds of apparatus
There is also included in the crew
a swimming master, who has charge
OF a great tiled swimming tank, in
which passengers may take plunge
In warmed salt water, MS green as
the ocean outside; a professional
squash racket court. a tailor who Is
kept busy the whole voyage pressing
clothes for passengers: a chiropodst
and womens hair dresser; a rubber,
in attendance at the Turkish bath !.
"A manicurist, a boots" whose chief
business IL shining the passenGers
shoes, and three BARRIERS.
TI:ee carpenters, one OF whom Is
also key filter and locksinith ;
a baggage master. who /nhabits a
cave down in the subcellar OF the
ship, and looks out for eNerybodys
trunks. a librarian, whose business
is to issue books to passengers from
a library of several hundred vol
umes maintained In the ship 8
lounge; seventeen bell hops" three
elevator men, typist ana snort
hand writer, two druggists attached
to the ships dispensary, two doctors
and eight trained nurses. who are
included among the stewardesses.
The total number OF persons re-
quired to wait on table Is 256, while
the force employed in preparing food
includes 60 cooks. 20 bakers and ! !
butch ers. and so people are employed
In the serving department alone.
Besides these, there are the ususl
complement of engineers and other
mechanical experts, including SO en-
| gineers OF various ratings, so boiler
| room attendants, who regulate the
! oil-burning fiTes--the old days ol
| shoyeling coal are over on this par
| ticular ship---six electricians, to say
nothing of two plumbers and u
| other mechanics OF various sorts,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-11
A Dark Horse Working for Mexico
uent thrown into high places new
zen" arc rapidly growing rich.

uent thrown into high places new
zen" arc rapidly growing rich.
Some have become large property
owners. but have confined their pur-
chascs to city real estate. Only a
few have vcntured to become owners
II large landed estates. because for
ten years the bkg land owners In
Mexico have been the chief target Of
attack.
What the newly rich dread most
collection by state governments In
he form of borrowing and accom-
modation or advance payments OF
taxes. Men who have sold mines or
Jther valuable property have shrunk
rom publicity. fearing a quiet but
firm request from the state gov
prnor for Accommodation"
Some Provinces Upset.
Much has been done In the past
ear to restore order and public
confidence. but Yucatan and some Of
mr. other states are silli upset. and
there are occasional clashes In some
Of the northern states-thc most
orderly In the republic.
In Yucatan II is reported that
thousands are facing starvation be-
auso of depression caused by the In
tense activity Of communists and
social lists. jose Pooh Of the labor
department reported Ito President
ObrcRon that 10000 Indians and
thhoir families are In want In Yucca
tan because work cannot be found.
the neighboring state.
shares in this depression caused by
agltators.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-11

MEXICO CITY. Y.--Outside OF Pres
idcnt Harding and Secretary OF State
Hughes. the American most talked
about In Mexico today is Elmer
Dover. OF Tacoma. Washington. Mr..
Dover, who came to Mexico city
with ~ group OF Pacific coast bankers
and. while here. held numerous
conferences with President Obregon.
is now In Washington. whore he IN
working 10 bring about an agree
mcnt between the United States and
Mexico. II he is successful and the
United States government recog =
nizcs the Obrcgon government II Is
likely that Mr.. Dover will he the
next American minister to Mexico.
There have been no outward indt-
cations that Mr.. Dover is making
progress. but Mexican officials and
American. business men In Mexico
nave not given up hope.
Mr.. Dover was active In President
fardlng's campaign, Formerly he
lived In ohio and at one time was
ocrctary OF the republican national
committee. WHOM he departed for
Washington he loft behind high
puos that. owing to his close re-
lationship with republican officials
he might be able To induce Secretary
Hughes to change his severe dtti-
tude toward Mexico.
Eager for Recognition.
There Is llttlo doubt that most or
10 Americans here are eager for
American recognition. Some having
businesses which would Improve
nth recognition ~ concessions from
the Mexican government, favor inn
mediate. unconditional rcCoPnition'
othehrs would be Satisfied II the
l'nitrd states modified it, attitude
toward Mexico. They talked with
Mr. Dover while he WAS here and
Impressed their views upon him.
Whether Mr.. Dover carried any
proposals to Washington with him
~ not known. but Mexican officials
emphasized 10 him their desire tor
recognition before any treaty negoti-
ations were undertaken.
Mcxicans have been led to be-
lieve that propaganda for recogni-
ion Is making much progress with
he public In the United States.
Hops Terms Accepted.
II must be admitted that there are
numerous Mcxicans who wish to see
ne state departments terms ac-
'epted by the Obrcgon government,
These Mexicans are property owners
Who look forward to the day when
adicalism viii be eradiCatcd from
the Mexican constitution and statute
nuoks. CuriOusly enough the ranks
u substantial property owners are
| being recruited from the new ele-
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-11

WYpytisht 1871. by the !. y. ~
NEW YORK Tho West virginia
mining war, which has again ncccssl-
tntcd federal Intervention. is IN the
last anayisis. an Armngcddon he
tween organized capital and organ
izcd labor, Upon Its ultimate out
come, which seems far OFT Tor the
present government Intervention can
only enforce an armisticc hut cannot
end the war hinges, primarily. the
Issue " tho closed or open shop.
Tho struggle between the coal op
orators ON tho one Ndc ana tho
United Mine Workers OF America on
the other rcvulvas around the non
union coal fields In the southern
part OF the state, adjacent to the
border of Kentucky aud West Nir-
ginia.
There are altogether $4,000 min
crs In West virginia. approximately
two-thirds of this total are union
men. There are altogether Homo
1000 miners In the southern part
of the state. of whom 5000 are un-
ion mincra In Mingo county, The
northern part Ia almost solidly or
ganiz-d by the union.
Acid Test Of the Open shop.
hut between Mingo and the north
lies the crucial coal district--thc
Guyan valley In Logan county. This
In tho richcst "black diamond field
In the country ana one OF the rich
est In the world Together with va
rious unorganiZed districts tn tn,
south It produces enough coal tc
supply the whole OF tho United
states In AN emergency. From thcs,
mines In derived tho finest grade OF
bituminous coal to bc found any.
whore on the face OF the globe. The,
hold the key to the country's Goa
Industry. Consequently they form
the crux OF the titanic capitalization
struggle witch once again has come
to "A bloody climax.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-11
Basis of Mine Struggle
Is Old Open Shop Crux;
Both Sides Determined

Is writtcntin tho crimson of human
blood. The organization OF most of
the fields was accomplished only al
ter the miners moved on them en-
maSc. Nine years ago they swept
down upon the Paint and CABIN
creek mines, In kanawha county.
unlowing civil war that cost 500
lives.
In 1919. In the midst OF the war.
the great national coal strike was
wrecked against the rock OF nom
unionism In the south OF West Vir-
rinia, notably the Logan mines. as
we'll as the unorganizod Mingo
fields, which kept supplying the ma
tion with steady streams of tho vital
black diamonds' when the coal
fields NJ the rest OF the country
were shut practically drum tight.
Logan II Ncritnbic Arsenal.
That crisis accentuatcd the lesson
to both sidos-that In these regions
lay the battlcficlds OF Armagcddon.
Since then both the operators and
the miners have prepared feverishiy
for the supreme test. Gigantic sums
OF money, untold quantities OF arms
and lcgions a. men OF death -defying
valor and iron will are at the dis
posal OF each side.
The operators, uncquivoCally de-
nying the right to organize on the
part OF the United Mine Workers OF
America, employ "A veritablc army
OF mine guards, known as the Bald
win relts detectives. to prevent by
force any and all attempts to organ
ize. Allied with these private detec-
tivcs In a private army maintained
by the operators In Logan county.
under the supreme command" Of
Sheriff Don Chafin - Gentle man
Chafin." Ms they call him. for his
fame as a handler OF guns is en-
hanocd by his being college man
and for the maintenance OF which
army the coal operators aro levyinS
80 much per ton OF coal.
That the present bloody clash WAS
bound to come sooner or later was "A
forcgonc conclusion with all those
familiar with the situation. The sur
prise to them was that II did not
come sooner.
'"Triggcr Trial" Served as Spark.
But the proper psychological
ba ck ground for "action" was given
at this particular Juncture for both
sides by the prospect OF the second
trigger trial" beginning in William
son. w. Va, September 9. There,
In the little county courthouse of
bloody Mingo." n dozen or more OF
the same men who last March were
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-09-11

From the Baltimore Sun.
In the good old days" of the SAIL
ing ship, when pasenger-carrying
was merely incidental to the prin-
cipal business of voyage. which
was to transport cargo, a ships crew
was made up chiefly of sailors. There
was a cook, Of course. and his help
ers, who served the meals to the Of
ncers and passengers, II any passen .
themselves. In .hose' days. when
the crew of ship was mentioned,
ailors were meant. for they were
greatly in the majority.
Today the reverse is the rule.
steam automatically reduced the
number of sailors iSquired to ham
Ole ship and introduced the engi-
heer and his helpers in the engine
and boiler room, who in time out
numbered the sailors.
Next, with modern developments
IN assenger-carrying. cooks and
stewards began to multiply. until
today, on a great ocean liner, they
actually outnumber by a wide mar
gin the deck force and the engine
room force combined. Added to their
numbers and grouped with them are
specialists formerly unknown on
''f''hIh, WHOSE luHtNlOHS Itidi'
entirely to service and in no way to
the operation of the ship.
Twenty Old-Timc Crews.
Ihis multiplying OF attendants on
tnlpooard to meet the growing de-
mands for comforts and luxuries in
Yea travel has led to some astonish
ing results, both in the size of the
snlps crew and in the variety OF
trades represented in the total OF
lne Ships company. On large
salang slip OF seventy-five years age
average crew numbered about
lnirty men, and only the packet shipe
me north Atlantic carrying large
numbers OF passengers carried fifty
men or more.
Today "A single giant liner carries
crew, or more properly a ships
Company, equal in numbers 10 the
combined crews OF 20 ships OF aver
age size in sailing days. For exam
Pif, one steamship, plying between
NeN York and Southampton, carries
a crew totaling S7s persons OF
tnese 66s are in the stewards de
psrtment. that is. the housekeeping
osanization. and among them are
~ women.
Az TO the specialists found In such
rev one may Judge from the fol
living facts; The ship carries l;
1ulehers, eight bakers and two con
fectioners.
she also carries three printers
Nno do nothing but attend to th'
''os printing. This embraces no