davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1921-03-23
ME ZAPOMNIJCIE POSU-
MAC ZEGARKA o GO
DZINE.

Wszyscy mieszkancy Chicago
powinni pamietat o tenn, gdy W
Wielka Sobote beda sic udawac
ma spoczynek, by Posunac swe
zegarki naprz6d o godzine, gdyz
w przeciwnym razie moga nara
zic sic ma to, ii kiedy ma Wielka-
roc wybiorq sic rano do koScioia
ma nabozenstwo, to przyjda juz
tylko po to ,,aby gasit swiece.:
,,OSzczedzcnic swiat}a dzien-
nego" wchodzi W zycic o pofno-
cy soboty ma niedziele w mysl
powszechnego glosowania oby--
wateli minionej jesieni, w kto-
rem zdobylo dla siebie wickszoSc
$1,000 glosow. w tym roku znaii-
die ono zastosowanic Cd q mar
ca do 80 pazdziernika.
Kolcje ukiadaja juz w mySl tc-
so move rozk}ady jazdy dla po-
c;qgow podmiejskich. Pociagl, ia
dacc dalej bedq dalej kursowac
jak obecnie, wedle czasu central
rego. Tax samo banki chicago
skie beda pracowac ma podstawic
dotychczasowego czasu, nato-
mast gieida bedzic otwarta cd
g. 10 rano do 3ciej popoludniu,
podczas gdy obecnie jej godziny
urzedowe trwaja Cd 9tej rano do
2giej popofudniu.
Z pobliskich miasteczck jcdno
tylko Hammond, Ind, ME przy-
jeIo planu oszczedzania Swiatla
dzicnnego W tym roku, natomiast
przyjety on zostaf W Gary, Win
ting i East Chicago.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1921-03-23

(Dokonczenie ma str. 6-ej).
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1921-03-23
"JubeP' Niemiecki Slabnie w Mare
Obliczania Glos0W.
"a NIEMCAM GEOSOWAtY TYLKO MIASTA.

Komisa PlebBcytOwa ZakOiczy Swoe Prace Ia Tygodn
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1921-03-23
Odm6wiIy Wyplaty l-szej Raty OdszkOdowania.

ROSA Dazy Do Nawiazana SOsnkow HandOwych Amegka
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
MAJOR LEAGUE GAME
MISSES POSTPONEMENT
BY NARROW MARGIN
(gy Associated Press,

NEW YORK, Aug 1S.-A muffed
outfeld fly was responsible for the
postponement of one of the major
league games on account of rain yes
terday. Had Wheat, of the Brooklyn
Nationals, made a successful catch
there would have been three st. Louis
men retired instead of two when rain
came down heavily in the fifth inning,
and the Superbas would have won.
to /. A home run by Johnston was
wiped off the records by the storm.
Johnny Walker of the Philadelphia
Athletics was seriously injured when
struck in the head by ball batted by
a Cleveland player The accident oc-
CURED exactly one year from the
death of Ray Chapman of the Indians
after being struck by pitched ball.
The two major league home run
leaders increased their totals. Both of
the New York Americans made his
45th and Kelly of the New York Ma
tionals his goth.
Not a Cincinnati player reached
first base in the Is innings twirled
by Pat Shea, New York National
youngster.
Pitcher Scott and Catcher Gibson
of the Boston Nationals made home
| runs but the Braves lost to Chicago
on Scott's wild throw.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
DOME Bash Options
Must Be Made Today
(By Associated Pressl

DETROIT, Aug. 1S-With today the
last on which options could be exer-
ci5ed for the services of Owen Don
lie" Bush, for Is years a mainstay in
the infield of the Detroit club, Tiger
fans anticipated an early announce
ment as to the scene of the future
activities of the midget shortstop.
Announcement that waivers had
been asked on Bush was made by
Frank ]. Navin, president of the De
troit team, last night.
Two major league organizations
which, it was said, have put in bids
for Bush, had until today to take ad.
vanta ge of their claims, and in the
event neither take over the player
Bush will be entitled to his release
under the 10-year service rule.
In well informed quarters, the re
lease of Bush was taken to indicate
that the local management had begun
10 put into operation contemplated
plans for strengthening the Tigers.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
PLAYGROUND TEAMS
Confident OF WIN

Every playground team in the city
is confident that it will win the city
playground championship when the
Fairgrounds of the city hold their
field day at the Twenty-second street
playground Friday afternoon.
All the teams have been practicing
daily and the various supervisors are
confident. A large silk banner will
be presented the playground scoring
the most number of points.
Events will be held for both the
boys and. girls, with the boys having
the larger number of events. The
scores of the girls and boys of each
playground will be added to the final
score. Ribbons will be given to the
winners of first, second, third and
fourth place winners.
The feature events of the meet will
be the skatemobile races for the boys
and the roller skating races for both
the boys and the girls. These races
will be held on the concrete street on
South Twenty-third street.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
To Stop Rooster Crowing
Try These Two Remedies

(From the Philadelphia Inquirer)
Two Los Gatos, Cal, citizens are
making bids for fame. Both assert
they can stop ROSTERS Growing. For
weeks the trustees have been receiv-
ing petitions from residents who say
their slumbers are disturbed by the
brazen-voiced birds. And then came
Zedd Riggs, real estate dealer.
Put wing cuffs on them he said,
and proudly produced a cuff that will
keep a ROSTERS wings close to his
sides.
"A rooster must flap his wings when
he crows" said Riggs, and II he can't
flap he don't crow
The George Shaner took issue with
Riggs.
"A rooster can crow even if he can't
flap his wings" he said: but he has
to stretch his neck to crow. Nov, I've
got a check rein that makes rooster
carry his head a little backward. 1t
not only keeps him from stretching
but he looks mighty proud when he
walks. I've tried it out and its a
success"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
SURVEYS HELP WORKERS

In order to save workingmen from
i'll health resulting from insanitary
working conditions and to save manu-
facturers from mourning claims from
damages 1t is necessary for the pub
lie health service to examine physic-
ally both the workmen and the plant
in which they work. Some manufac-
turers and many workmen fear exam
nation, believing that it will be used
to make trouble for them. and not real
izing that undiscovered defects in
either plant or man will surely lead
TO serious results. To such the pub
lie health service says that it is strict
ly neutral and that it will not tell
tales. Its object is to improve the
health of the men and to enable the
factory to save money by making its
employees healthy by giving them
healthy working conditions.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
MILkMEN, BUTCHERS,
CLASH; MEATS LOST
TO DAIRY PLAYERS

Staging comeback the Hines
Dairy team defeated the Maher Meats
nine in a Commercial league game
Wednesday afternoon at Exhibition
park by the score of 8 to 6. The Milk
men seemed to have been in q slump
lately, came out of it nicely in We'd
nesday's contest.
The Hines team started the scor-
ing early and gained a comfortable
lead in the early rounds which was too
much for the Meats to overcome.
Nicodemus was on the hill for the
Hines team and pitched alright ball
up to the fifth and sixth innings. One
run was scored off his delivery in the
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
Wilson and Downey
Called to Neu York
CIV Associated Press)

NEW YORK, Aug. 1S.-Johnny Will
son of Boston and Bryan Downey, of
Cleveland, who will meet for the
worlds middlewieght championship in
Jersey City. Labor Day. have been no.
titled by Tex Richard to come to New
York next Monday for their final two
weeks training. it was announced to-
day.
One of the preliminary contests will
bring together Johnny Buff, of Jersey
City claimant of the American Fly
weight championship, and Indian Rus
sell of Harrisburg.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18

Two-BaSe Hit-Burns.
Home Runs-Kelly, Bancroft.
Sacrifice Hits-Bohne, Bancroft.
Double Plays-Kelly to Bancroft;
Rawlings to Bancroft to Kelly Coumbe
TO Kopf to Daubert.
Left on Bases-New York, 8; Cincin-
natl, 5.
Bases on Balls-Off Marquard, /; off
Coumbe, g. off Toney, 5.
Struck Out-By Coumbe, l.
Winning Pitcher-Shea.
Losing Pitcher-Marquard.
Time of Game-1:30.
Umpires-Brennana and Moran.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
KELLY YIELDS MEAN
STICK; DEFEATS REDS
IN new YORK GAME

NEW YORK, Aug. 1S.-Kelly's long
home run drive in the first inning with
the bases loaded proved to be the
downfall of the Reds in the first game
of the series with the Giants. The
drive was Kelly's twentieth homer this
season and the third time he has de-
livered with a circuit drive with the
bases loaded.
Marquard started on the mound for
the Reds and lasted only two innings
being relieved by Coumbe in the sec
ond frame after two more runs had
been scored off his delivery Burns
cracked two-bagger to right with two
out and along came Bancroft and
smacked out the second homer, this
was the end Of Marquard and Coumoe
took up the hurting duties.
Toney was McGraw's selection for
duty and was exceedingly wild and
was forced to retire in the fourth
frame in favor OF Shea, who pitched
fine ball the remainder of the game.
The score:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
BUTLER A WONDER.

LONDON-Lady Astor gives her
butler credit for her election to the
British parliament. She declares he
always seemed to get things right, no
matter how disagreeable every one
else was. HE was a gentleman" she
said, "as kind to the smallest kitchen
maid as to me, which is the true test
She says she values her home more
than ever since entering public life.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18

fifth and the losers came close to tie
ing up the count in the final frame.
Two errors and three hits gave the
Meats five runs in the sixth, before
the side had been retired, Muey scored
the last run of the rally with homer
to left center with one man on base.
Thursday afternoon the Bankers and
the Bakers will battle for six rounds.
Friday afternoon the kiwanis club and
the Press will play their regular SEIZED
uled game. The score:
Hines .130 311-9 9
Meats ....... 900 Obs 4
Nicodemus and Thornburg; Maher,
Durham and Muey, Nick.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.
GAMES TODAY.
National League.

Cincinnati at New York.
Chicago at Boston.
ST. Louis at Brooklyn.
Pittsburg at Philadelphia.
American League.
New York at Chicago.
Washington at st. Louis.
Philadelphia at Cleveland.
Boston at Detroit.
American Association.
Columbus at st. Paul.
Toledo at Minneapolis.
Indianapolis at Kansas City.
Louisville at Milwaukee.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
PHILADELPHIA BUYS PLAYER

tbY ASSOCIdltU IItsoJ
KNOXVILLE, Tenn, Aug. 49,
Frank L. Galloway, short-stop of the
Knoxville club of the Appalachian
league, was sold to the Philadelphia
American League club. The purchase
price said to have been the highest
ever paid for class d. player, was
withheld
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
OPEN GOLF TOURNEY
ID e-A@gak.I D-Aas

CLEVELAND, O.. Aug. 1S.-Every
section of the country will be repre-
scented in the western open golf cham
pionship here next week. Entries
have already been received from the
Pacific coast and New England and
the south. The list already numbers
rs
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
Chips and Slips

George Kelly, of the Giants, hit his
twentieth circuit drive of the season
in the game with Cincinnati, Wednes-
day. The bases were loaded in the
first inning when Kelly delivered. Ban
croft hit for a homer in the second
inning.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
Aonors to CHAPMAN.

HohorS 70 ChaPmdn.
The first anniversary of the death OF
Ray Chapman, form er Cleveland
American League shortstop, was OBJ
served at Dunn field, Wednesday.
Every one entering the park for the
game between Cleveland and Philadel-
phia was given a rose in memory Of
"Chappie," who died year ago yes
terday after being struck by pitched
ball in game at the Polo Grounds.
Mr. Babe Ruth, the king of swat,
smacked out his forty-fifth home run
of the season in the sixth inning of
the ChicagoNew York game Wednes-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18

ed a distance OF ATS feet before hitting
the ground This is said to be the
longest hit ever delivered in the major
leagues.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
hot.StuM for keck.

Stanley Keck, captain of the Prince
ton eleven, will be ready for the
whistle this fall
Despite the heat of midsummer, he
is working daily in moleskins at
Chicago.
He is spending the summer with
Mark Bates, Princeton freshman last
year. Every day they go through a
rigid training program.
They tackle the dummy. practise
line bucking and goal kicking.
Keck proved himself great enough
last fall TO be named on the All
American.
He'll be even greater this fall.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
Wahoo Can't Retire.

Out on the Pacific coast Wahoo Sam
Crawford, once super-star of Hughie
Jennings old miracle Detroit team, is
getting his base hits for the Los
Angeles club.
Wahoo Sam is getting old. Each
year he plans to retire from base
ball.
As regularly as the leaves come in
spring and disappear in fall he an
nounces his aims.
But he is still ut it. He loves to
hit. He always did. And he always
could.
AS long as Sam can crack out base
hits he's going to be in uniform.
Baseball is hard racket to quit as
long as your batting eye connects.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18
Games Yesterday
NATIONAL LEAGUE

NATIONAL LEAGUE
At Boston R H. E
Chicago ........ .o1o 200 11o-5 10 0
Boston ........ Dol $50 000-4 II l
Ponder and O'Farrell; Scott and
Gibson
Second Game
Chicago $500. 900 900 010 1-2 II 0
Boston ... 600 900 010 OIL 10 0
Jones and Killifer; McQuillian and
Gowdy, O'Neil
Other gai1es postponed; rain.
AMERICAN LEAGUE
New York .... o06 PIP Oil IL >
Chicago 49,. .102 600 O. D
Shawkey and Schang; Wilkinson,
McWeeney and Schalk.
At Cleveland r. H. f.
Cleveland ...... Sal 001 13x-15 20 .
kins; Coveleskie, Caldwell and O'Neill.
At st. Louis r. H. L
Washington -. 900 900 O2o-2 .
st. Louis .......0 24 0eJ 10x-7 10 /
Mogridge. Schacht and Charity !;
Shocker and SEVERED.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
AT 81 Paul r. II. Z.
Columbus ... 900 900 o33-s 7 Q
st. Paul 800. 900 600 002-2 I 2
Danforth and Hartley; Merritt and
McMenemy.
At Milwaukee r. H. E
Louisville .. 900 900 206-8 9 {
Milwaukee 49,. 100 900 0O0-1 IL
koob. lineup and Meyer; Barnes
and Sengstock.
At Minneapolis R. H. E
Toledo ......... 900 200 600 4 /
Minneapolis ....020 030 00x-5 10 {
Bedient and Schauffel; Yingling and
Mayer.
Al Kansas city R. H. z
Indianapolis .220 900 030-13 13 !
Kansas City ...301 O02 600 II /
Petty and Dixon; Bono, Horstmar
and Skiff.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1921-08-18

Japan is growing at the rate 0
100000 persons annually.
The New York herald., 1921-06-19
Vests and WaiStcoats
Worn for Economy

The woman who is really loohng~a bout
FOR an economical and dainty bit of sum-
mer costumery can dc no better than to
make full use OF waistcoats and vests
They are, in the first place, extremely
practicable. for they can be easily .laun-
dered and therefore. frock or suit of
which they are part can be kept clean
and fresh at n minimum of laundry
work. One can wear a washable silk
slip bodice under dark silk frock. and
then vest or waistcoat OF easily laun-
dered fabric, and so be really fresh I'm
feeling and dainty in appearance.
So, too. with the street suit, the waist
coat saves the shirtwaist or blouse. It
is far more easily laundered, consisting
only Of front--and the worst part of
blouse TO launder. as everybody will ad-
nit who has had any experience, is the
sleeves. These. of course. are lacking.
Yet the waistcoat, worn with a little silk
slip under dark suit. makes just as
good an appearance and is just as clean
and gives the wearer just as fastidious q
feeling. And the silk slip, although IL is
made with short sleeves. can be very
quickly ironed. Indeed, as far as clean
liness and daintinees are concerned II
can be worn rough dried. Then white
china silk Is the best fabric for this slip.
gt might be made OF cotton crepe, but
cotton crepe is hotter than thin silk
fabric. Crepe de chine in a thin. cheap
white quality might be found cool, and
this could be worn without ironing.
Now the new waistcoats are so nu-
merous that II Is difficult 10 pick out
any individual ones to talk about They
are all attractiv.
The New York herald., 1921-06-19

wrists of sleeves. II Is put on hats. The
smart crepe de chine frocks as well as
those OF Georgette crepe carry band
OF such ribbon about two inches wide.
placed around the hips, tied on one side
TO fall In long ends. II Is checked in
black and white. blue and gold blue
and buff: II is striped or plain. But
always II is effective.
This ribbon makes less of n bulk about
the hips than crepe. metal or, even
chiffon. Young women wear is loosely
placed at the spot where their waist
line used 10 be. II Is permitted to take
the outline of the frock; Il makes no
attempt to confine 1t close to the
figure.
But back TO wells. for they are more
important to the majority OF women
than ribbon. There Is a novelty veil
placed on a huge black hat lined with
pink straw II forms the crown and
Stimulates the kind of plumage that
hangs over one shoulder, The veil is
of lace studded with pink rosebuds. one
end shaped TO a deep point with a rose
al its endl
The idea has stimulated the dress
makers into building scarfs in imitation
OF the veil. They are worn for dancing
They substitute the Spanish shawl
which the Paris women wear at smart
functions such as the opera dinner
parties. dances in public places and the
play
The New York herald., 1921-06-19

Above m Gown in Paris which exploited
which
long sleeves and is copied in
In small French child carried this
bright pink handle ending
of wood The small bag pink with Next
below ostrich
The handle third
braid, thread fine
with bunch Of
Above right: Unusual veil which collar.
that hans be waist in 'front.'.
Bellows Lace with rosebuds. IS
a hat
ones der to the waist.
The New York herald., 1921-06-19
All Paris I'm waIstcoats.

Tho rival 20 the shirt waist and the
overblouse in the shops of Paris vs. the
gilet II Is more than a waistcoat, less
than a blouse II Is the desirable gar
ment OF the season 10 in one OF the
details OF costumery that has swept
smart society and. as always. those who
follow smarAsoclety. even n far behind
them. are buying these accessories TO a
coat suit at small prices
They have short or long sleeves they
are sometimes collarless. nearly always
surpllce or double breasted and extend
only few inches below the waist line
or course they go over the skirt. They
make an admirable addition 90 n plain
coat suit As few OF the new coats
meet in front and rarely fasten except
al the waist line with one button. such
an accessory as a gilot is all that is
needed.
They are built Of too many materials
10 enumerate. Several OF them look az
II they had come from the upholstery
departments many appear 10 have been
made by interior decorators Simple
ones are Of bright colored linen and
trlcolette Many arc of silk Jersey A
few are of French cretonne. Striped silk
after the Directoire fashion IS chosen
with striking effect.
They can be so fashioned that they
permit the coat TO be removed again
they are in skeleton form on net
foundation which carries elbow sleeves.
They are simpler to make than blouses
and they can be depended upon TO give
a more ornamental effect
Smart women who have taken up the
fashion for all gray and black. or white
and black. wear under the one button
coat OF either gray or black white
gllet fastened with Jet buttons. If the
suit Is gray. II is plped with black satin
The color scheme Is carried out In the
shoes and stockings. the gauntlets with
black embroidery or cuffs OF black Ieath-
er. the black slippers with gray suede
insertions and gray silk stockings.
BY the way. another exceedingly FASH
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1921-12-22
LETTERS TOTHE EDITOR
The Tragedy of It'll

Editor, Times: It is the same old
story. Why do the good people of this
fair state allow 1t to continued
A strong, robust husband and ia.
Their, working steadily for four years
without the loss of days time. earn
ing comfortable living for his wife
and four small children, the eldest
only six and one-half years. He had
bought little house on which he was
making regular payments, thriftilv
trying to make home for his family,
the little wife and mother doing her
part.
Suddenly this peaceful home scene
is changed. The man has secured some
"grappa." He has drank it and also
some 'home brew" with it. Reason il
dethronedl The beast predominatesl
Ruin, chaos invades the home. Furni-
ture, dishes, everything in reach is
smashed, destroyed The little wife is
attacked, pounded, thrown upon the
stove, burned; she hides till the storm
is over.
The kind ncighbors intervene, the
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1921-12-22

roads. On the other hand, the dis
continuing Of the roads by the town
means that the farm land will be even
more Inaccessible IL few years and
its marketability win be reduced in
like proportion. Thus, Vermont farm
land goes into the discard. Some Of
these farma In Stowe may be reclaimed
in later years, but, il SO, it will be I'M
der the handicap Of lack Of roads, or
Of very poor roads. A good highway
is one Of the best selling agencies
for Vernon farm land; and unless
some way is devised to prevent the
reversion of accepted highways into
state Of disuse and disrepair our pres
ent upoccupied lands will not he likely
to be occ'.pied and the states prosper
ity will be checked to that extent. A
farm that is inaccessible is not sal
able, is scarcely tenantable. Therefore,
Vermont is facing serious problem,
viz, how to keep our roads open and
worked.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1921-12-22
GOOD ROADS SELL VERMONT
FARMS.

II is rather disquieting information
that a Vermont town has felt itself
Obliged 70. discontinue more than q
dozen roads, which have been public
highways for varying lengths OF time,
because OF the necessity Of reducing
the road expenses of the town. Ex-
PLANTATION is made that these roads
have been practically unused for some
time and that the upkeep of them
serves no immediate purpose. With
out a doubt that explanation means
that ther, are many deserted farms on
the roads in question and that the
property is rcverting gradually to its
former condition of wildness and lack
of cultivation, albeit some Of the
meadows win probably be cut over
each year and the pasturage Of some of
the farms will be utilized. Under such
conditions, Il does seem like poor bust
ness policy to continue the repairs and
upkeep on these practically unused
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1921-12-22

The state automobile department is
finding new avenues for its activities,
as we note from the press reports that
an agent Of the department tracked a
state prison fugitive from Windsor to
point north of the Canadian line and
was instrumental in securing the ar
rest Of the fugitive Such work seems
to be almost out of the line of duties
of that department except that the man
was committed to prison on charge
having to dc with state automobile reg
istration ani it seemed somewhat in
cumbent on that department to aid in
the search. At any rate. the depart
ment is to be commended for its per-
severance in the search and its desire
to maintain the departments edicts in
violate.