davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
Special News of UmatiI|d Co.

Mrs Leota Warner left Monday
'morning for Beaumont. Texas. for an
extended visit with her daughter. Mrs.
F. j. Calhoun Of that city.
Frank HAYES and family Of Nye,
we're visitors here Wednesday.
Charles Nelson Of Butter creek Sas
in town Monday.
Prof and Mrs. Sanford Siesrist, whe
spent the Thanksgiving vacation with
relatives in Walla Walla returned
home saturday.
Mr. ard Mrs. Lou Case Of Ritter are
the parents Of an eleven pound daugh-
ter born Saturday, November 26. AT
the home Of Mrs. II. II. McReynolds in
Pilot Rock.
MIR. nd Mrs. T.. II. Tanning had a.
their dinner guests on Thanksgiving
day Miss Verona Fullenweider, Miss
Ruth Royer Newt Roger, DR.. II. A
Schneider. Pete Sturtevant and Earl
Abbott.
Mrs. Sydney McReynolds. Mrs
George Roork and Mrs. Cutler, who
have been real sick with rheumatism
are all reported better.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01

visiting her parents Mr.. and Mrs. l. B..
Sevy.
Mr.. and Mrs George A. Pierce and
daughter L. Faye and son Leigh left
Sunday for Omaha, Nebraska to spend
the holidays with relatives.
Mrs. Leslie Folen left the first of
the week for Long Beach, Cal. to visit
her parents.
Mrs. Ida Still has returned home
after week at the country home Of
Mrs. George w Winn.
Mr. and Mrs. r. j. Gray have re-
turned from a two weeks trip to Pa
louise, Wash, where they visited old
friends and relatives.
Mr.. Robinson father of Mrs. Cecil
Propecll died at his home in Free
water Tuesday.
A crew of men in charge of George
Reed are busy on the bungalow being
built for Morris Frazier on his lots in
South Milton.
Paul Scea has returned from COrval-
lis where he spent home Coming Week
with his fraternity brothers.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. l.. Hall of Pendle-
ton and their daughter Mrs. Curtis
Mcfarland of KcsO, Washington spent
Sunday at the J. w. Davis home
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas Trousdale will
leave tonight to spend the winter with
Mr.. Trousdale's parents in Los An
geles, Calf.
Miss Esther Saunders of Cove spent
Thanksgiving with her sister Mrs. Har-
old Nj. Gray.
Mrs. n. c, Howard and children are
visiting in Yakima as guests of Mr..
and Mrs. p. NJ. Howard.
Mrs. Letha King of Weston was re-
moved from st. Mary's Hospital at
Walla Wala to the home of her sister
Mrs. L. c. Harder in Milton. Her
many friends are glad to hear that she
is recovering after Il serious illness.
Mrs. Lima Craig and family of Ell
ensburg, Washington are visiting her
mother Mrs, Susan Coe.
The eXcavating for the new bunga-
low of d. Il. Harris on Parallel street
is completed and material on the
ground to start construction at once.
Mrs. D. p, Hicks and daughter Effie
of Pendleton visited Mr.. and Mrs. Cecil
Hicks Sunday.
Il. +. Vancil, who has been SER
iously i'll the past few weeks in st,
Mary's Hospital because of an accident
with his tractor, is reported to he much
improved and will soon be able to he
moved tp the home of his SiStor-i i'm %
law, Miss Ida Troyer
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
BY JUNIUS

Pious Pete remarks that the devi
lis pictured with horns, hoofs and tai
because he's generally made the goat
when it comes to putting the blame or
someone for the worlds wrong -doings
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
HAS FIGHT WITH HUGE BIRD

SARANAC LAKE, n. Y, Dec. l.
U Pas the result of one of the
most unusual battles on record in the
Adrondacks, William Reyell of Red
ford may lose the sight of an eye.
Entering his barn at night without Il
light, he was struck by huge bird.
He seized it by the leg and attempted
to drag it down. The bird fought
furiously beating him with its power
full wings and pecking at his head and
face. blow in the eye blinded him
and he fell to the floor. lie was taken
to Plattsburg hospital. lnVesti-
cation showed the bird to be a great
blue heron the largest and strongest
bird in the Adirondacks which had
evidently taken up winter quarters in
the barn.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
HoM's This?

HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE villa
do what we claim for it--cuIe Catarrh or
Deafness caused by Catarrh. We do not
claim to cure my other disease.
liquid, taken internally, and acts through
the blood upon the mucous surfaces OF
the system. thus reducing the inflamma
ton and restoring normal conditions.
All Druggists. Circulars free.
F. J. Cheney & Co.. Toledo, Ohio.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01

Miss Hyacinth Done was a week
end visitor here from Pendleton.
Miss Nelma Rover. Miss Lola Gault.
Clarence Royer and Maurice Roy saw
The Passion Flower al the Rivoli
in Pendleton Saturday evening.
Lon Knots was business visitor to
Pendleton Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. g. NJ. Best entertained
at dinner on Thanksgiving Day Mr..
and Mrs. c, G. Bracher and children
and F. Best.
Mrs. Otis Jones was shopping in
Pendleton Friday.
, Mr.. and Mrs. 4. s Bond were in
Pendleton Saturday.
Mrs. Herbert Boylen. Sr., returned
home Saturday from Hermiston. Her
daughter. Mrs. Harry Connor. ac-
lcompanied her home.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Whitaker were
visitors to Pendleton Saturday.
Mrs. Bruce Gilbert and little daugh-
ter of Burns arrived here Thursday 10
visit relatives.
NJ. G. Edwards was business Wis
i'o, mere Monoa!,
| ~ anu MrS' "Hl CLASS ana {. W.
Paulus were guests at the home of Mr..
a,u Hrs. L. = ncharlh IN Pendleton
iiaiNSsiNIns uay'
MISS mary connect was shopping in
reno'e'oil oa'uruay'
MT, anu MIS-. blll bradlng were VS.
i'oIs nero MohoaN'
AIRED Smlth was here Monday from
Fehuletoh'
I. W. fauius lett saturday for Port
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01

''Are you an expert accountant"
asked the prospective employer. Eyes,
sir" said the applicant. "Your writ
ten reference seems to be all right, but
tell me more about yourself" "Well,
my wife kept a household account for
80 days. One night after supper l
sat down and in less than an hour
found out how much we owed the
grocer. Hang up your hat and coat, -
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
EFFECTS Of RECENT
STORM CLEARED AWAY
lEast oregonian Specially

PILOT ROCK. Dec. 1.-The heavy
snow of last week has practically all
disappeared and the streets and roads
are quite muddy. The creeks are not
high. as the thaw was slow and the
moisture was well taken up by the
soil.
School work was resumed Monday
morning In both the high school and
grade school after a weeks vacation
on account of bad weather.
A band Of sheep belonging TO Tom
Boylen OF Eeho- was brought through
Pilot Rock Monday from Starhey
Prairie where they were caught in the
snow storm last week. They We're Ia
ken from here to Heppner.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
Are You a Mother :?
Do You Need Help ?
THEN THIS LETTER is OF VITAL
IMPORTANCE To Vol

Omaha, Nebr.-"Dr. Pierce's Favor
ite Prescription was a splendid tonic and
relieved me of all nauseating conditions
during expectancy. My baby and l
were both strong and hardy in every
way. surely am glad to recommend
DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription to the
expectant mother because | know by
actual experience that it is good."-
Mrs. Jobe Cooper, 43lS Erskine St.
You should obtain this famous
Prescription non at your nearest drug
store in tablets or liquid, or send l0c
to DR.. Pierce's lnvalids' Hotel in Buffalo,
n. V, for trial pkg tablets and write
for free medical advice.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
MOTHERS! MOVE
CHILD'S BOWELS WITH
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP

Hurry mother, Even a sick child
loves the 'fruity' taste of California
Fig syrup and it never fails to open
the bowels, A teaspoonful today may
prevent a sick child tomorrow. If con-
stipated, bilious, feverish. fretful, has
cold. collie, or if stomach is sour, ton
que coated, breath bad, remember a
good cleansing of the little bowels is
often all that is necessary.
Ask your druggist for genuine Cali
fornia Fig Syrup" which has directions
for babies and children of all ages
printed on bottle. Mother, You must
say California; or you may get an
imitation fig syrup.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-12-01
CORVALLIS MATRON IS
VISITING IN MILTON

MILTON, Dec IA big revival is IN
progress at the Methodist Church.
Evangelist Coale of Los Angeles is in
charge assisted by MIR. Cunningham as
song leader, Mr.. Coale is preaching
each morning and evening to large
and appreciative audience.
Mrs, Glenn Howard OF Corvallis is
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13
RAGLEY

Earl Brothers and wife and daugh-
ter, Edna, and Mr.. and Mrs. Joy, all
of Dubuque, motored here Saturday
and visited over Sunday at the Edgar
Marshall home.
About thirty from here attended the
celebration at Prairie last Monday.
Fred Jones of Bloomington visited
Sunday with John Moore and family.
Mrs. j. E. Horribly visited in Moline
Wednesday, making a cross-country
trip to Polo. She returned to Bagley
| Thursday.
Clarence Ripper of Freeport spent
the weekend at home.
Heavy rain here Monday.
Jas. Harville Jr. and family of Patch
Grove visited Bagley relatives last
week.
Justice Burrows on Wednesday dis
missed the case of the state VS. AL
bert Heath, charged with using mo-
tor car without the owners consent.
The case of the state VS. Harry
PenholIow was dismissed Friday by
Justice Burrows. Penhollow paid the
costs. The defendant was charged
with taking a car belonging to Paul
Humphrey of Bridgeport to Airing
ton, Iowa 1t is said that Penhollow
and his former boss came to an agree
ment over the matter and the case
was dropped.
Miss Leila Kerr returned to her
duties at the new San hospital, Pra.
| du CHEN, Monday, following a
months vacation visit in Lancaster.
Miss Pearl Poland went back to her
duties at Fennimore Monday after a
two weeks vacation visit here.
Miss B. E. Felt of Chicago spent
the weekend in Lancaster on educa-
| tional work.
Mrs. Geo. Frye of Fennimore visit
ed last week with her daughter, Mrs.
Ernest Steinforth, returning Sunday.
Mildred and Isabel Hoffman went
to Fennimore Sunday to spend the
week at the Will Walter home.
Tony Ready and wife and daughter
of Savanna spent from Sunday to
Tuesday with Mrs. John Yost.
| Ralph barrow and wife, Geo. Nash
and wife and P. ". Rethowitsch and
wife spent the 4th in Boscobel.
The village of Bagley received one
more car of road oil and have been
! finishing up oiling our streets. The
! Improvement is
Miss Elsie Hausler has returned
from a trip to McGregor, Elkador,
Garnavillo and several other little
towns including Gutenberg, returning
home via Glen Haven Wednesday.
Florence Plondke went to Dubuque
Thursday.
DR.. Venning is home from Dodge
vile where he visited relatives. He
also went to the Dells and Devils Lake
while on his trip.
Mrs, Fred Miller Sr. went to Nc
Gregor Friday to visit her daughter
Mrs. Davis, and family.
Ralph barrow and wife, and Mr. and
Mrs. Will Remev and Mrs. Lake took
in the game at Lancaster Friday.
Two more fawns arrived in Bagley
Saturday from Thorp, Wis, consigned
tc Glenn Park. There are now three
fawns,in the park.
| Mr. and Mrs. Lester Meyer and their
daughter, Virginia, of So. Bend, Ind.
are in Bagley to visit Mrs. Meyers
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John Moore
They drove through, over 400 miles
in two days, camping out on Lake
Geneva the first night.
Henry Jakeman and wife and babe
drove through from Petersburg, Neb.
in their car last week.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13
nICKEYVHLE

Leo Nielsen, garage man, is laid up
with a sore foot.
Mr.. and Mrs. Tony Kowalski and
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Haas of Dubuque
visited at Geo. Kowalski's Sunday.
Mrs. Will Ginter has returned from
visit in Dubuque.
Henry Leibfried has returned from
his son, Charles home, and is in the
village again with his son, Frank.
Mrs. Jennamann had a dispatch that
her son, Mike, who died overseas, will
be home about the middle ofthe month.
Mike Suffer is giving John Hessel-
ing's house a new coat of paint.
Mr. and Mrs. Nick Zimmerman
were shopping in Dubuque Friday.
F. A. Schumacher was on the sick
list the past week but is better now.
Veronica Ginter went to Sageville
to help her sister, Mrs. Hale, pick
blackberries.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

The marriage of Miss Emma Kno-
bel, daughter of Mrs. Knobel Johnson,
to Harry J. Gebhards of Petersburg,
H., took place yesterday morning at
IL o'clock at the Evangelical church
before a large number of friends.
Following the wedding luncheon and
reception were rendered the guests at
the Johnson home on So. Madison
street. Mr.. and Mrs. Gebhards de-
parted on the noon train for a we'd
ding trip They will be at home
after August LIST at Petersburg, H.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

The new hill out of Blanchardville
toward Darlington has been rerouted
for 5000 feet where formerly a path
down a steep cliff existed The men
cut and burrowed their way along
side a steep hill gradually attaining
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13
LITTLE GRANT

Miss Dorothy Field is visiting her
friend, Mrs Floyd Govier.
Miss Sylvia Smith and sister, Iona,
spent Thursday with Miss Helen Coo
ley.
Miss Dorothy Bass is helping her
sister, Mrs. Geo. Addison.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Cooley are the
proud parents of baby boy born on
July 5. Mother and babe are fine.
Mrs Minnie Cooley is caring for her
new grandson.
Hilda Pagenkopf Of Lancaster is
spending a few days with her cousin,
Alma Pagenkopf.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

ONE on Tor DIXON.

/ A large cave 321 feet long has been
discovered over in Wyoming. Let's
see-there is, one up in the neighbor-
hood of Fennimore isn't there? If
the same Barnum that advertised the
latter could extolI the beauties of the
former-well, just let lot of persons
who were stung before, get their mits
On him.-Platteville Witness.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13
TROUT STREAMS NOT
AFFECTED BY HEAT.

Trout of Wisconsin are not suffer
ing from the heat so far this summer,
according to H. L. Harrington of the
state conservation commission Fri
day.
Recent rains and short spells of
cool weather have kept trout streams
of the state in safe temperature,
Harrington says.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

a wide road at safe grade. S,471
cubic yards of earth and 2,72S cubic.
yards of rock were movGElyto make
the new road. Men worked from early
spring to July 1st to complete it.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

Education is
never an e X =
PENSE. 1t is al
ways a GAIN"
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13
Six Months i'm "WBU" More Profitable
Than Two Years i'm High School.

Than Two Years i'm High School.
Mr. Will Matuska, Mgr. "WBU,"
La Crosse, Wis.
Dear Mr.. Matuska :-Before en-
tered the "WBC" 1 had no real bust
ness education. But after being there
some time, l began to realize what a
great deal 1 was receiving.
l have found that the "WBU" is
really worth while. During the six
months of my attendance l have re-
ceived more business education than
obtained in the grammar school and
two years of high school. The "WBU''
does just what it promises. 1t is a
school that gets results in business
education.
Sincerely yours,
MIKE ULKA, ThOrp, Wis.
Within. w. Savage Factories, Inc,
Minneapolis, MINI.
Course-Regular Combined.
Do you think you could do big things
if you just had chance, little real
help and start?
GOOD. People who think that way
CAN DO BIG THINGS.
We would like to show you what we
can do and are willing to do for you.
We will prepare you and help you.
Send for the PROOF Month trial free.
Monthly rates. The only 'Toland'
school.
Free catalog contains full informa-
ton about everything. But SEND
FOR IT TODAY.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

Free catalog contains full informa-
ton about everything. But SEND
FOR 1T TODAY.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13

Use the full address.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1921-07-13
OIl1CCA ely yOuAo .,
MIKE ULKA, TIiOrp, Wis

Within w. Savage Factories, Inc,
Minneapolis, MINI.
Course Regular Combined.
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21
RED PEPPER FOR
 COLDS. IN CHEST


 Ease your tight aching chest. Stop the pain. Break up the congestion. Feel a bad cold loosen up in just short time.
 Red Pepper Rub'' is the cold rem edy that brings quickest relief. It can not hurt you and 1t certainly seems to end the tightness and drive the con- gestion and soreness right out.
 Nothing has such concentrated, penetrating heat as red peppers, and when heat penetrates right down into colds, congestion, aching muscles and sore, stiff joints relief comes at once.
 The moment you apply Red Pepper Rub you feel the tinglinE heat. In three minutes the congested spot is warmed through and through. When you are suffering from q cold, rheu- matism, backache, stiff neck or sore muscles, just get 8 jar of Row1es Red Pepper Rub, made from red pepers at any drug store. You will have the quickest relief known.
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21
ORIETAL PROBLEMS
 FILLED WITH PERIL
Famous Correspondent Says h. ternatiOnal Control Is Essential
By William Philip Simms.

Washington, Oct. 21.-M China as q nation is not to disappear from the face of the earth, some form of inter- national control must be placed over her essential affairs-particular1y her finances
 This, in a blunt sentence sums up my most outstanding impression after months of research in the Oriental re- public; and. in its nakedness, it states one of the most terrifying political situations called to public attention within a generation.
 It is terrifying because it suggests a state of affairs out of which might easily spring events which would lead { to the destruction of the remaining vestige of civilization left after the last war.
 Unless the Pacific conference which begins Nov. II, can discover a way to unite the powers on a plan for the rescue of China-perhaps against the desire of many, if not most, of her i politicians-only by a miracle dis aster ba averted.
 And the unifcation of the powers on the China question will not be easy.
 All the great powers do not want a strong, progressive China. Some of them see their great opportunity in her utter help1essness.
 China herself will add to the difh- culty. Probably the majority of her politicians oppose foreign supervision over any of her affairs; some of them because of a highly sensitive national pride, the rest because they know the time such supervision begins, the day ends when they can plunder the coun- try to feather their own nests. {" Yet, for the sake of the peace of the world, the job must be done, diff1-
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21
YANGTSZE VALLEY
 WAR CRY STILL ON
Picking Government Troops With draw From Fields

Picking, Oct. 21.-The inter-provin- cial var" in the Yangtsze valley con- tinues notwithstanding the withdrawal by the Picking governent of Wang Chan-yuen, the unpopular high in- specting commissioner of Hupeh and Human. The war cry of the south erneres when they invaded Hupeh was that Wang must go. Now it is auton- omy for Hupeh.
 Whatever the real motive back of the invasion, it is being effectively opposed by General Wu Pei-fu with his Chih1i and Shantung troops. Sew eral severe battles have been fought with several thousand casualties all told, and the northerners are reported to have occupied Yo Chow. in Human, and to have control of the Yangtsze. The soutlrerners have retired on Changsha without attempting to de- fend Yo Chow.
 Both sides appear to be seriously hampered by lack of funds Wu Pel- flu, immediately after his appointment as high commissioner, succeeding Wang Chan-yuen and being charged with tue defense of Hupeh, conf1scat- ed the revenues fro the Pekin-Han kow railway in the district where he was operating and tried to raise loan from chambers of commerce and guilds.
 His action brought him to disrupt wit hthe people of Hupeh and he ap- pears now to be c1assed in that prov
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21

In addition because of its freshness (you get it fresh daily) Fleischmanns Yeast helps the intes- tines in their elimination of waste matter Fleisch- mann's Yeast was tested for this purpose in lead ing medical institutions. Chronic cases of con- stpation, some even ofyears' duration, responded.
 Fleischmanns Yeast is by its very nature better suited to the stomach and ntestines than the ordinary laxatives, and being a food it cannot form habit.
 Eat to cakes of Fleischmanns Yeast day. Have it the table at home and desk office. it Pain spread on bread dissolved in milk juices. You soM ike its fresh dstlactps fauor the clea, lated just like other food Only one precaution: if troubled with dissolve first boiling water Ths does affect the efficacy of yeast Place standnp order with for Feischann Yeast and get it fresh daily.
 Send cents in for the interesting booklet sThe New Importance of Yeast in Diet" Address THE
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21
Without the treacherous help of cathartics"
 simple food which gradually replaces laxah;,es

7 without the treacherous help of cathar- A A tics makes booster of his patient"
 This quotation from doctors essay on con- stipaton carries message of great significance to thousands of men and women
 It is now recognized that cathartics never re- move the causes of constipation. Indeed, one physician states that the indiscriminate use of cathartics is probably one of the most frequent of constipation.
 For many years there has been pressing need for some simple food that would help restore normal conditions. And now scientists have dis covered it in the familiar little cake of Fleisch- rnann's Yeast.
 First came the startling discovery that F1eisch- mann's Yeast in itself is a wonderful food, rich in the mysterious water soluble vita1nine Then it was found that Fleischmann's Yeast builds up the body tissues keeps the body resistant disease
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21
richest nations on earth.
 War Alternative,

But first her rabble armies must be disbanded; her grating tuchuns, and other "squeeze" artists, eradicated; l; her tax and customs collections re- formed and the vitals of her admins tration renovated, all under compe- tent supervision, before that can be.
 The powers-including China - at Washington must find way to help China out of the hole.
 The big Pacific powers must evolve a general constructive China policy and agree to watch each other to see that this policy is lived up to, both in letter and in spirit.
 China, on her part, must not allow false pride stand io the way of taking hold of the outstretched hand.
 If these things can not be done, then there will be no limitation of armaments and war will step in and finish the job
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21

ince with general run of ilitarists. He was formerly, and still is regarded here as an exalted type of military lead er whose acts are guided by high patriotism.
 On the other hand, the southerners are alleged to have put qua 8 cry for help from Dr. Sun Yat-sen and to be marking time until. such help arrives. Traffic on the Yangtsze above Han- kow is perilous on account of indis-
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21
MUST NOT INTERFERE.

Mexico City, Oct. 21.-Ofcials of the state of Vera Cruz were enjoined from interfering with the operations of Aguila Oil Co, a British concern yesterday by the Mexican supreme court. The injunction stopped the of- fcials from carrying out the provision of recent acts of the state legislature and declared that those acts were not retroactive in that they had not >ap-
New Britain herald., 1921-10-21

piled to sales transactions on record before the passage of legislation.
 This decision by the supreme court was considered here as a mere form ality following it's action last week in granting a temporary relief to the Aguila Go. Efforts by the corporation to have lifted the embargo which was recently imposed by Vera Cruz state authorities to insure the payment of back taxes were sustained by the co1lrtr