davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

The Pacific Ocean is wide, Amer.
lea Is rich, distant and powerful,
and should Japan hope to attack
the United States she must build a
navy far greater than Americas.
Even those who ascribe the most
aggressive motives to Japan on ac-
count of her naval construction
must know that the present gov
eminent simply Is executing an orr
program. The purpose of our build
ing Is obvious and simple. 1t Is for
the defense of our commerce and
coasts and nothing more. Our naval
experts believe the present navy is
insufficient for this purpose and
hence we must continue building.
n AVIES undoubtedly will form
N the principal discussion at
the approaching conference,
for the three powers most vitality
concerned are the ones leading In
naval strength and any reduction
in ornaments to be effective
naturally will have to be made in
the number and offensive strength.
of their warcraft.
The navy is usually more closely
associated in the public mind with
foreign relations than the army Is
and there is a tendency on the part
of naval men to bank on that cir
cumstance. As was stated by the
general board of the United States
navy when it launched its present
building program. Our present
navy is not sufficient to give due
wight to the diplomatic remon-
strances Of the United States in
peace"
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
Enjoys Here
Study Data
Corps of Experts Pre-
pares Necessary Maps
And Statistics.

IT HE United States delegation to
the conference on Limitation OF
! ornaments IL in Washington
and in meetings already held, or to
be held during the days before the
meeting Of the conference November
II, will make a careful study Of all
the available data and carefully man
out a policy to be followed.
Needless to say this policy cannot
be revealed for 1t would place the
American delegation at a distinct dis.
advantage with the visiting delega-
tons. This does not mean that they
are not in favor of limitation Of arm
aments, but that they cannot let II
be known by what means they hope
to bring It about.
In dealing with the foreign delega.
tons the United States feels that II
was never better equipped to do 80
than now. The four delegates were
selected only after the most careful
consideration. and while all Of them
have not had long experience in in
ternational diplomacy the. majority
have and all are well qualified to
take care Of any situation which may
develop. One very distinct advantage
in their favor Is that the discussions
will be in English, whereas previous
conferences Of the kind have been in
French, the language of diplomacy.
The delegation will have the advice
Of the most expert technical minds In
the United States. The divisions of
Far East and Russian affairs have
made a careful study Of the Far East
ern situation and already have pre-.
pared all the data on the subject that
will be- required In forming "a clear
idea of the kituation in Asia
Experts from the navy have, pre-
pared volumes Of data on the com
parative naval strength Of the rival
powers, costs OF construction, possible
bases for naval operations and plans
and policies for the expansion Of the
navies that will enable the American
delegates to get a clear understand
ing of sea power today and what II
may be in the future.
Experts from the army and the Air
service have prepared data on stand
ing armies as they actually exist, what
may be expected through the reserve
and potential man and industrial
power. The intelligence divisions Of
all have prepared maps and charts
that win show at a glance any In
formation that INDY be needed while
the ds,s~atian actIiaiiv 10 in session
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

will depend largely upon the de-
gree in which diplomatic Journalism
and racial and national preJudices
are subordinated. The Paris meet
ing of the nations. convened while
war hates were still rife, degener-
ated into division of the spoils
and a bartering for political and
economic advantage. Today world
perspective is improved and primal
passions have subsidized. --
Besides, the setting for the wash
ington conference Is happy. for the
nations must concede that the
United States is largely disinter-
ested in so far as her own selfish
fortunes are concerned and that
though lacking any disposition
toward sentimental pacifism, she is
ready to accept any reasonable
formula for curtailing the ma
chinery Of war with its overmaster-
ing burden of taxation. All this
inspires hope that the powers will
choose to profit by the lessons of
the great war. and the confusion Of
distrnsts and compositions that pres
cipitated it. and that instead of in
trfguing and organizing anew for
destruction they will devise some
basis Tor an enduring peace.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

way in lessening the power of pro-
lection of their part ;cular country
TT HEIR most likely attitude will
be Let George do it," and
L whoever happensS to be play
ing the part of George. Is most likely
to query. why me?"
: Undying fame awaits the man who
can suggest proposition that will
provide an equitable basis for limi-
tat on and he will justly be entitled
to the first prize of a gold amounted
back -scratcher to comfort him in
his old age.
! This armament limiting confer
ence makes one think Of, a mother
hen and its pet chick. The old Zen
Is the question of armament limi-
tation and the chick is the Far East
situation. They naturally run to-
gether, but chickens grow rapidly
and this Far East chick is more
than likely to become a much more
powerful bird than its parent before
the parleys are very far advanced.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

cumstances they would regard as
difficult to reconcile with the full
maintenance of the governments de-
clared policy.
1T can not be too strongly en-
phasized that, in making this long
delayed beginning with the replace
ment of obsolete ships. the govern
snent neither commits itself to, nor
contemplates, any building pro-
grams in answer to those of any
other power. Indeed, 1t trusts that
it may be possible, as a result o.
frank and friendly discussion with
the principal naval powers. to avoid
anything approaching to COM
petitive building, either now or in
the future. But meanwhile IL would
be dereliction OF duty on the part
OF the admiralty to allow the eff
cheney, training. or morale of the
royal navy to deteriorate through
neglect to provide II with material
which is equal to the best and in
which it can feel confidence"
TT HE naval policy OF Japan was
| stated by Premier Takashi
Hara on January % of this
year. He said: H.c- ..-.t.. -.
Although Japan today Is recruit
ing larger navy plans, she is not
ambitious to attack any other ma
ton. The press stories asserting
that Japan is building a navy
against a hypothetical foe, and tina,
foe is America, are fantastic nom
sense. Even with the present pro-
gram completed Japan's naval
strength still will be far less than
required for an attack on America.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

A FTER the war there are but
~ FIVE powers with major fleets
and their naval armament is
relatively larger than before the
war in comparison with the minor
fleets. In fact on the, basis Of ton
mage Great Britain in 1914 had the
only fleet as big as the total minor
nayies. while today four out Of 1--WE
of the major navies each outranks
all the minors together. Not only
has the discrepancy between majors
and minors increased. but the diff
ferences among the majors have be-
come notably large Or to v pat Il
differently, the navies of the
French and Italians lag far behind
those of Great Britain. the United
States and Japan. while these are
striving for an equal footing.
Up to the time Of the outbreak OF
the world war the relative strength
OF navies was judged by the frst
class battleships- But the subma-
rine proved such a powerful arm OF
offense and defense that Il had 70
be taken into consideration when
employed by the Germans Now the
airplane also has to be taken into
COhsiocTbllOu. = 4 -
Brit.in- 6h.nEes Psafeysyzt
And so Sir Percy Scott. considered
by many to be the greatest naval
brain in Great Britain thinks that
the battleships as now onstructed
may be practically eliminated,
whereby great relief from taxation,
without weakening the power OF
the nation may be brought about.
In ~ l. -
London Times, he said:
Il have asked the question, What
Is the use of a battleshipT ana re-
ceived one direct reply. A nsIoskip.
man has told me. She is mo- damned
row that some members or the
ment where we shall stow away our
battleships in the event OF our GO
ing to war. Shall we construct a
safe harbor for them in Iceland!
You must admit that in the war
sion by starvation
You must admit that IL our bat
tleship superiority had been double
what Il was they, o6uld NOT have
protected us from starvation. (
you must admit that the dorain-
ant arm Of the war was the subma-
rine.
The new weapons have entirely
revolutioniEed naval warfare Gnd up
to the present they have favored
defense rather than offense. They
have given power to the weak coun-
try and taken it away from the
strong.
THE British first lord of the ad-
mlrslty in explaining i the
= naval estimates for 1s10-ai
said thatfin -our opinion the capital
ship remains the unit on which sea
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

that at one time Great Britain had
a policy of maintaining a navy
equal to the next three; then dur
ing the period of German building
activity prior to the world war,
equal to the next two, and now. due
to the relations existing between
the powers as result of the term
nation of the war, equal to the
strongest.
In explaining this revolutionary
change in Britain's policy, Mr.. Long
declared in the House of Commons,
March IT. 1920: .....-...
Before the war various govern
ments had to consider what the
strength of the possible enemies on
the sea opposed to them might be,
and there were various standards
taken. But / think 1t was general
ly understood that our strength
ought, to be the. equivalent to that
of the next two strongest powers.
The Germans who caused
this war are today without a navy.
Only One Competitor.
Looking around the world to find
what are the ma vies which at this
moment can compare in strength
with our own, we find that the only
one is the navy of the United
States. l believe it is a fact that
the naval policies of all past gov
ernments, whichever party they
represented, have at least included
this common principle, that our
navy should not be the inferior in
strength to the navy of any other
power. and to this principle the
present government firmly adheres.
We are very fortunate in the fact
that the only navy approximating
in strength to our own is that of
the United States of America, with
whom we are associated in such a
way that the idea of competition in
ornaments between US Is one that
is, to put it mildly, repugnant to
US all; and we here-and l speak
not merely for the Board of Armi-
rally, but for the government-hope
and believe that if there is to be
any emulation between the United
States and ourselves, II is likely
to be in the direction of reducing
the ample margin of naval strength
which we alike possess over all
other nations: o., r. "a, ~
That is the foundation of the
naval policy of His Majesty's gov
eminent" ...
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

This attitude. was a correct one
prior to the world war when the
number of naval powers was sum-
cient to Justify, or require q
powerful navy on the part of any
nation which wished to make its
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
ShOrelines Which
Nations Will Defend

A S EACH of the countries
~ has always offered as the
- reason for its navy the
length of shore line which IL
would be called upon to defend
in case of war. the shore lines
of the various countries and their
possessions will be of interest:
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
Armaments Show Great Gains
Since End of European War

HE table published comparative cost of
the leading every I'M
large increase in the figures for compared
with
The figures give only fair idea of the comparative
fighting forces They include only the
men being built but the salaries and maintenance costs
materially
cations OF For instance Great Brans
larger than that OF the United States but the figures for Great
lower than those for the United States.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

councils felt 3 But the situation
completely changed with the
termination of the world war and
naval rivalry has taken on a new
aspect.
Figures compiled early in 1914
showed that the then eight powers
had combined fleets with an estI-
mated value Of s3.s56327, COO, while
the. twelve other powers having
fleets of any size could value them
only at S3s7.s3i.0eO. Obviously any
rivalry at that time was confined
to the eight powers.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
py JoHN MERRIMAN.A

Correspondent Boston Herald.
TINE conference on the limitation
of ornaments promises to
succeed where the Paris con-
ference failed. Its success. however,
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
. HIS statement of policy was
not changed by the successor
- e. Mr. t. ord AZ

his statement. OI pOllCy was
not changed by the successor
= to Mr.. Long. He is Lord Lee
of Fareham, who has been named
on the British delegation to the con-
ference here. On March Is of this
year he issued a memorandum on
policy, saying:
Estimates can only be based upon
policy, and the policy of the govern
msnt, as announced by my prede-
cessor, in the House. OF Commons on
March II, 1920, is to maintain a
'one-power Standard. e., that our
navy should not be inferior in
strength TO that of any other power.
The duty of the admiralty is to
carry out that policy as economical
~ as possible, giving full weight
to the special geographical. inter-
national and other considerations.
which have arisen since = the war.
This they are doing-in no mechan-
ical spirit nor with insistence upon
numerical equality and recogniz-
Ing to the full the necessity for re-
ducing expenditure to the lowest
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
Great Britam,s Fleet Leads
World i'm Number Of Warcraft

ERE is table showing! the number in
of the i've brig nsvess Of the will
form the basis for any discussion limitation Of
nents and constantly will be referred during
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

limits compatible with national Sc
curity. the admiralty have effected
drastic economies and agreed to as
sumo risks which in ordinary cir
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23
Cost of Warships
Mounts Constantly

HE cost of maintaing a
navy is constantly on the
= increase and the types OF
vessels multiplying. Here are
some of the costs for construc-
ton and equipment today:
Battleship. with am
munition ......... S4S,l45,0 900
Battleship. without e. 3S,500, 600
Airplane carrier, 35,-
600 tons 2s,soo,oeo
Airplane carrier, Is
900 tons ....... 21,60o, 900
Cruiser 10000 tons. $500, 900
Submarine chaser -. 5.s00.0o0
Fleet submarine go. 100000
Transport ........ 100000
Mine laying subma-
rine ............ 100000
Destroyer ...... 100000
Gunboat .......... 100000
Aircraft.
spotting planes ..... 1900
Fighting planes .... $3.50
Torpedo planes ... S7.400
+ Reconnaissance planes 1880
Pursuit planes 1890. $3.50
Practice planes ... 4o,090
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

Of the powers has a publicly
expressed policy 20 gain and hold
a certain dominance in the strength
Of their navIes. there is a tendency
everywhere-to abandon the eN-
tremeiy costly construction for the
more effective and less expensive
weapons
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-10-23

~ HBSE points of view all
would seem TO indicate ono
III fhInr Yt q ,h., ,rh;I. sacr
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12

that is the only way the brihcr can
hc sure that he has got the vote he paid
for. know oC cases where the divi-
sion header or ward leader said. You
reed assistance i do not, replied the
votor. Tho voter was then hrutally as
SnuItcd. II is to prevent such things
that thr affidavit is required"
Defends Secret Vote
Senators Patton aud Aron indicated
that the "votrr had n right" to such
"nSSiStauCC' from III" leader il he did
not know how tu vote right
IF tho ballot is not secret. rc-
tortcd Mr. White, 'h is fHrro.
~ 10 reducing the number Of regis.
trarS from four to three. Mr.. White
said the lists should b" mndo up on "a
n"npnrtisnn basis, 10y limiting the num-
tNr to three.
nimuor Rcphcr. former judge in
Philadelphia. urged home rUlc ut . din.
nor Of IN" Pennsylvania rommittcc Cor
constitution last night. IF philadrl-
phiA can select men 80 run the govern
n"ui nf tic NtntC.' h" said, "SurCly
that city can dictHt" IT, own govern
mcnt without having {" como to the
Legislature io hav" il done"
William Draper Lewis. Philadelphia
secretary ~ the rummtto". and r.
Henry Walnut offered their services AS
speakers 80 inform peopl" throughout
the state Of the advantages Of revision.
Samuel Il. Scott. rhilad"lphia &.
Il. Ruwman. Pittst"n: James II. Pow
""-. llHzloiun. and Colonel +. Taylor
nusCy also spoke.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12

busses and operate the same or lease the
same to other companies for operation
over and along such routes, streets and
lines as may serve to best accommodate
the public. Such busscs may be pro-
PEELED by self contained mechanism
other than steam engines or by electric
power derived from storage batteries or
from overhead trolley wires to be erect
cd along the routes to he operated.
"Chl To build extensions to the sys.
tom of railways, including track and
trolley systems which 1t may have
leased or controlled through stock own
crship and which il may have trans
fcrrcd to any other such company by
lease or assignment: provided. how
over. granted shall not bC exercised un-
Ill certificate Of public convenience has
been received from Public Service Com
mission and the assent Of the local nu-
thoritics to the acquisition, construc... .
ton and operation of said facilities shall
have been obtained.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12
P. R. 7. BILL SEEKS
BUS LINE PRIVILEGE
Measure Urged at Harrisburg
Also Would Allow Extension
of Leased Properties
TWO FIGHTS IN PROSPECT

Harrisburg, April l@.-'Thc nhiln-
dolrhia Rapid Transit Co. wants tho
privicg" Of running m"torbusscs or
trarkcsS trollcys in rhiludclphia. to
serve as feeders to It's existing trolley,
elevated and subway lines.
Tho company also wants the privilege
and power to build extensions 10 sNs.
toms which it has leased from under
lying companies.
That wnS announced today by rcp-
rospntativcs Of tho COMPANY, following
tho Introduction of n bill comforting
such powers in tho Senate early this
morning.
Tho bill was offered Ivy Senator Ware.
OF course. its provisions would also mp
ply to other companies throughout the
state.
Outside Of thc main fact--thr rcr.
mission for motcrhusscs or trncklCss
trolloys-tho intriguing point in the bill
i~ that provision which would make It
possible for tho transit company TO
build extension, 10 underlying COM
pnnics' lines: representatives ot the
company said the "hill did not aim at
cutting into tho powers "f the UNDER
lying companies.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12
INTERPRETERS BILL FAILS
Baldi Measure Boosting Their Sal.
aries In Courts Beaten

Harrisburg. April 12.--Under n fire
Of attacks against increasing salaries
while the state wns looking for more
revenue. the bill of Representative
Baldi, of Philadelphia, raising the sal
AIRY of court Interpreters in Philndcl-
phia. was defeated last night
The bill proposed an Increase from
$25O0 to $4,000 II year. In its original
form it fixed the new salary at $1,000.
hut this was defeated and Baldi tried
a now tack. but in vain.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12

the Chamber Of commcrac ro,,a.g
went on record ip favor Of tho an, roau,,
hcn"ihr Oh which viii be- bcl,E t... 90.
in Harrisburg. Ernest 4. Tripy n;Itsw
~ committee, will ancah y
the committee. i''"" Tor
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12

In his opposition Representative Ed
monds said he was opposed Ito any
bill TO raise salaries already above thc
standard for decent living conditions.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12

Suite 60j Van Dam building
IOTH AHD MARKET STREETS
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12
Would Allow Small Suit Appeals

TIarrISburg, NnriI Tg,-I8 8y y, NJ
Appeal to court from Judgment Of II
justice. alderman or magistrate regard
less of the amount involved would be
permitted under provision Of bill in
troduccd in the Senate by Senator y.
+. joyce, luzcrnc. Under existing law
there can be appeals only under certain
limits
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12
been granted as concession. A lively
time Il rxncrted nj the hearing.

been granted as concession. A lively
time Is expected at the hearing.
The transit company wants the
right to motorbusscs or tracklcsS troll
lcys, IL was explained. so that such ia
cilitics might bc used on tho Roosevelt
boulcvard tn serve as fccders. and 10
serve outlying districts. Probably, also,
IL is designed to cut into tho Commutor
traffic--a zig cor sidpratiOn--whiCh nov
uses the steam railroads. Further. it Is
probnbly Intended to block future Of
forts Of independent motorbnS CON.
panicS TO get franchises from tounril
and tho Public Service Commission for
tho purpose Of competing with the
Philadelphia Rapid Transit. Co.
The rates OF fare for tho proposed
motorbusscs have not been fixed as yet
Il was said. II was snid. however. that
thc lines would be Of no us" tu the com
rany if tho charge should be made too
high. \ suggestion thnt rates Of ten.
fifteen or twenty cents might he
charged. according to thc conditions,
was not comhatcd Tho fare. how
ever. Il was pointed out. would have
to be passed on by the Public Service
Commission.
Wording of Sill
Tho Ware hill says that in addition
TO the powers. privileges and franchises
conferred upon companies heretofore or
hereafter Incorporated under tho pro-
visions Of the "aCt to provide for tho
incorroration and regulation Of motor
mower companicS for operating pnsSCn
grr railways by cable, electrical or
ether means" approved March ~,
1851 and in order to provide facilities
reasonably adequate and virtually sum
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12

less dixie Carnegie did). But he
mgat be every inch MAN.
Today, he may be only mechanic
in plant, or its superintendent-he
may be clerk in an Office, or an
executive he has the dominant
force that makes a man forge his
way to the very top.
We will sit down with that man
and have friendly talk. He will
tell US what he has done-expects to
do-and the biggest income he ever
expects to earn. We will know in a
few minutes if he is the right man.
An executive will meet such men
on Tuesday or Wednesday until 6
p. m. at our Office.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-04-12
w A n I Ed
BY +. II. SPENCE AND COMPANY

A MAN WHO BELIEVES IN
HIMSELF-to grow into an impor-
ant position in the Spence organi-
zation.
A well-knoWn business giant, who
worked his way thru to the top, tells
Us he would have given years Of
his career for this position --if he
were still fighting for success.
This isn't job for just any man,
because it takes hard work and stiff
spine to make good, But the reward
is one of the best-paying positions
in Philadelphia.
The man who gets this position
may be rs or 65. He may have spent
10 years on his education or much
Suite 615 VA