The Washington herald., 1921-05-01

| tfeual OF the national Academy OIL
Sciences, has occasioned much inter-
est in his scientific achievements
and the history of the principally
over which he rules. Monaco owes
Its name to an early Greek occupa-
tion- 1t Is a small but sovereign
priqcipatity, surrounded by French
territory, and situated near the
Italian frontier. From the tenth
century It has been more or less
associated with a powerful Genoese
family by the name Of Grimaldi.
Walenburg. wife of the new Swe-
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During the past half century the
name Monaco has been largely
eclipsed in the average mind by the
| name Monte Carlo. To the scientific
mind, however, tn name Monaco has
lost none OF its luster and is thought
of as the seat of a great museum of
oceanography and a museum of an
thropology. founded by the present
| prince.
Near his palace there is a series OF
nine caves, usually referred to as
the caves of Grimaldi, which were
occupied by man during the paieo-
lithic period, popularity known. as
the old stone age. One of these
caves was explored in part as early
as 1S45 by one of Prince hbert's
predecessors, Prince Florestan OF
Monaco, and has since been known
as the Florestan cave.
In 1872 Riviere discovered in the
cave Of Cavillon a remarkable pale
olithic burial: the skeleton of a tall
man belonging to the so-called Gro
Magnon race. There had been placed
with the body the implements OF
flint and bone the individual had
used during life and the ornaments
that had been attached to his cloth
ing or person; 241 perforated shells
and % canine teeth of the red deer
also perforated for purposes of at
tachment or suspension. The skele-
ton as well as the ornaments and
implements were enveloped In pow
dered red ocher.
Two or three years later, Riviere
discovered in another cave Of the
series, burial containing the skel-
etons OF two children. For this rea-
son the cave has been called the
Grotte des Enfants. The mode OF
burial was similar to that at Cavil-
lon. On both the bodies at a level
OF the hips and slightly above, were
perforated shells to the number OF
1000, and nearby were a few fiint
chips!
A third discovery Of paleolithic
human remains was made by n
Abbo IN 1895 in the Barma Grande
cave. In bed deeply tinged with
red ooher lay three skeletons, a man
OF tan stature, a young woman and
a youth. Accompanying the skele.
tons were implements and orna.
ments consisting OF perforated
shells. fish vertebrae. and the canin,
teeth of the red deer. Two other
burials were found at a deeper level
in the deposits of Barma Grande.
Albert Explores Largest of Caverns
During the same year, 1895, Prince
Albert began the exploration of the
largest Of the series Of caves, after
having purchased the site. Thi.
cave has since been called the
Grotte du Prince in his honor. I,
proved to be rich in industrial ant
faunal remains, and had been occu-
pied by man at an earlier date than
any of the others. At the base was
a prequaternary deposit of marine
origin two meters thick. Abov,
this came a succession of hearth:
over fifteen meters in thickness.
which yielded some 10000 artifact.
and many fossil remains.
In the lower two groups oi
hearths the fauna was tropical in
character, consisting principally Of
elephas antiquus, rhihoceros mercki
and hippopotamus. which lived there
during the last interglacial epoch
more than 10000 years ago, In The
group next above, the elephant and
rhinoceros were still present, bu,
there was no trace of hippopota.
mus. The fauna OF the last two
| groups Of shearths in the direction
Of the surface changed to cold types
including the reindeer, and was evil
IDENTIFY contempornneous with the
last or Wnrm glacial spoch.
Encouraged by his initial success
Prince Albert took up the task oi
completing the work begun by 9TH
ers in the remaining caves of Gri.
maldi, Including the Grotte des En-
fants. The work was placed under
the direct supervision of the Abbe
de Villeneuve, as was the case In
the Caye OF the Prince. The first
uhpoItant uAsCONSTy was thdt Oh
female skeleton at a depth Of 1.9O
meters. Digging deeper. the skele-
ton OF { man OF tall stature was
found at q depth Of 7.05 meters. As
sociated with Il were ornaments Of
shell and teeth, and its bed was
stained red with ocher. \
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Going still deeper. a remarkable
double burial was found, the earli-
est sepulture in the cave: an adult
woman and youth Of more than II
years. About the bones were flint
implements and on the left wrist of
the woman were enough perforated
shells to form bracelet. These two
skeletops differ racially from those
at higher levels Of the cave In that
they belong to a distinctly negroid
fype-the so-called Grimaldi race.
which occupied Ithe cave some $4,000
years ago.
The successful outcome of the
work begun near home, instead of