davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
BUSINESS
MEN PURCHASE WALLA
WALLA CANDY COMPANY
Bybee and Burton of Charles
Cigar Co. Takes Over Busi-
ness in Neighboring City.

l A business deal whereby owner
Esftpgef5 5tite. ~ Il ia7 tVsllss asanas -eea-
pany's plant at Walla Walla was Sc
cured by Pendleton men was closed
Saturday afternoon when the final
papers We're signed transferring the
property to Y. b. Bybee and b. c.
Button. proprietors of the Charles Co.
cigar store.
Possession of the plant was given
Immediately. and Bybee is in Walla
Walla in active charge OF the bust
ness. He will move his family TO the
Washington city later and will con-
duct the affairs of the candy concern.
He retains his interest in the local
store.
The Walla Walla company is Il
growing business, and distribution of
the fun line of candies manufacture
ed in the up-to-date plant is made all
over the Northwest The speciality
which has gained much recognition
for the company is the whipped cream
candies manufactured by them.
Il. c. Burton will remain in charge
of the store here. The acquisition of
the candy manufacturing plant will
cause an extension of the business
done by Charles Co. to be made. The
full line of candies manufactured at
Walla Walla will be sold here in addi-
ton to the present line of tobacco.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
heat.
AMERICAN SOLDIERS OF
FORTUNE ARE GIVEN 40
ACRES OF LAND EACH

WARSAW, May IA PD-Nine
American members of the Kosciuszko
air squadron. all soldiers of fortune,
recently were awarded 40 acres of
land each, near the Polish Russian
frontier as outlined by the Riga peace
treaty.
All officers and soldiers of the Pol
sh forces are being provided with
tracts along Poland's eastern bound
AIRY, under system worked out by
the government, provided they take
up cultivation of the land upon leav-
ing the military service, By this
plan, Poland hopes 10 have trained
men settled permanently where they
will be handy for service m care ;hc
country is ever attacked again from
the east,
Most of the Young FLYERS OF the
Koscieuszko squadron are planning 20
return TO America during the sum
mer II they do not settle upon the
land within specified time, their
rights to the farms win be forfeited
As yet none of the Americans has
made up his mind to settle down on a
Polish plot and lead the life of a pea
SAINT. Several OF the Americans were
reared in the country but they say
the excitement of flying and the
thrills Of war have spoiled them for
the back-to-the-farm movement.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
PRINTERS CO ON STRIKE,
SOME PAPERS FORCED
TO SUSPEND EDITIONS
JOB Shops Are Hardest Hit;
Some Offices Resorted to
Photo Engraving Process.

NEW YORK, May 2.-(U. P)-
Thousands Of printers throughout AM
erica struck for "A hour week. Some
newspapers were forced to suspend
editions. Job shops were the hardest
hit. Three papers at Lancaster. Pa,
resorted to the photo engraving pro-
cess. The paper at Glenn Falls n. Y.
was suspended. Two thousand job
printers are out in ST. Louis.
Two hundred commercial printers
are out in Buffalo. 400 in Philadelphia
and 200 in Rochester. All the job
shops at Wilkesbarre. Pa. are tied up.
Printers also failed to report for
work at Atlanta, Memphis, Omaha,
San Francisco. Denver and Amarillo.
Other cities reported the men at work,
hut expected a withdraw later.
Employees Deal With Employers
INDIANAPOLIS. May 2.-(U. P.)--
The backbone of Employers OF the
commercial printers is broken This
is the statement made by John Me-
Farland, president Of the International
Typographical Union. Mcfarland
said reports Of the strikes all over the
country are pouring into his office.
but it is impossible to tell how many
are on strike. He said the employees
are dealing with the employers indi-
vidually because the employers had no
tangible national organization to deal
with.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
9th CONGRESS HAS NUMBER
OF IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS
UNDER CONSIDERATION TODAY
PORTLAND MEN TAKE
ACTIVE INTEREST IN
7. M. C. A. CONFERENCE e

PORTLAND. Ore. May IA. p
Several Portland men viii take an
active part in the annual religious
educational and recreetional Y. NJ. C.
A conference at Seabcck, Wash. from
June II to %, according to the local
announcement
Large numbers Of special invitations
are to be issued TO high school students
and students in the college Of the
Northwest from China. japan, the
Philippines, Korea, Russia and the
south American republic to uniyer-
sity student bodies and editors of col
lCge papers
Leaders chosen for the confc renee
include college men Of oregon, Wash
ington and Idaho.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
Emergency Tariff Bill and
Army Appropriation Bill are
Both Receiving Attention.

WASHINGTON, May 2-CU. Pl-
The senate probably will begin consid-
Grafton of the emergency tariff bill to-
day. The house continued ccnsldera-
ton OF the army appropriation bill
The agriculture committee began its
hearings on the packers control legis-
laiion. Secretary Wallace will appear
before the agriculture committee and
give his views on the bill to prevent
gambling In the futures trading. The
Bergdoll investigating committee con-
sldered report OF the army Inspector
general on the slaekers escape. The
Interstate commerce subcommittee
continued its hearings on the war risk
insurance legislation. The appropria-
tons committee considered the de-
ficiency Of appropriations. The ways
and means subcommittee continued
work On framing the permanent tariff
schedules.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
PROPOSED MILK ORDINANCE
SILENT ABOUT "AGUA PURA"

Licensing of the sale and distribu.
I ton CT milk and cream in Pendleton.
inspection OF dairies, dairy herds.
milk plants, creameries. milk station
ana grocery stores of this vicinity
and provision of penalty for viola
| tion Of regulations. are some of the
points contained In an ordinance
drawn up by c. l.. Hawley, dairy and
1 food commissioner, ana unanimously
| favored by the Pendleton Milk Pro-
lducers and Distributors Association at
a meeting Saturday in the Farm Bu-
reau office. The ordinance as draft
ed set no standard of richness for milk
/ to be sold here.
( The ordinance, 1t was decided at
the meeting, will be submitted to the
city council for passage. after con.
ference between committee of dairy
men; DR. +. +. Boyden. city health
officer; George Hartman, mayor. and
/ Commissioner Hawley is held some
day this week.
DairAmcn Take Initiative.
II was at the request OF the local
association that the ordinance was
drawn up by Commissioner Hawley.
The dairymen, who realize that there
is demand for clean milk produced
under sanitary conditions and that
such an ordinance would benefit pro-
Queer as well as consumer. are will
ing TO abide by the proposed ordi-
nance although there are many pro
visions which will put the dairymon
to some expense. They went step
farther than the ordinance, for in dis
cussing the license fees the dairymen
expressed themselves in favor of suf-
ficient fees to contribute n generous
amount to the city for the enforce
ment of the ordinance, which would
possibly include the employment of a
part-time inspector. No definite fee
is named in the ordinance, nor is the
penalty stated. These matters will
ycomc up later.
Ordinance Far Reaching.
The ordinance provides that before
a license is issued, all premises where
the milk is produced and handled
shall he examined to show that there
is adequate equipment properly ar
ranged as required by the regulations.
This equipment is to consist of dairy
barn, barnyard milk house, adequate
water supply, suitable drainage. and
sufficient clean bottles. All dairy
cows tho ordinance states, must be
free from disease as determined by
tuberculn tests and physical eNami-
nation by qualified veterinarian.
and new animals are to be kept sep
arate from the herd until approved by
the state veterinarian after tests and
examination. All milk is to he ras-
teurized or taken from cows which
nave passed the tuberulin test, the
ordinance states. Milk is to be de-
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
AMERICAN SHIPPING AT
GREAT LAKES PORTS
MAY BE DESTROYED

WASHINGTON. May 2,--(U. P)--
American shipping at the great lakes
ports may be destroyed unless the La
toilette shipping act Is modified, the
house merchant marine committee
was told by representatives of Cleve-
land, Detroit Toledo, Rochester and
other cities. They declared the Ameri-
can vessels are being driven to Cana
dian registry to escape the act.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
MARINE STRIKE GROWS
WHILE INTERVENTION BY
PRESIDENT IS AWAITED
Harding Intimated He Might
Appoint Arbitration Board
After Cabinet Conference.

KEW YORK May 2.--tU. P.)---The
gaaripa alFllss. 1saignsd to -paralyse
the American chipping oathe Atlantic,
Pacific and Gul. coasts is growing
while both sides awaited Intervention
By Harding The president intimated
he might appoint an arbitration board
According to union officials, the striko
has been Joined by the seamen in Phil
adelphla, Boston, Bridgeport, New
ORLEANS. Mobile, Tampa, Jacksonville
Pensacola, Norfolk, Key West, Calves
ton, san Francisco Portland, Seattle,
Honolulu, and Balboa.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
RecOIIections of String Days
of 1914 Are Recalled When
Army Stars for Rhine.
ARTILLERY AND CAVALRY
BEGIN THEIR LONG MARCH
Cavalry Movement is First
Step in Great Expedition
Into the Ruhr Valley.

PARIS. May 2.-Cwebb Miller, U.
p. staff Correspondent France has
started her military forces toward
Germany to compel the payment OF
the war debt. RecoIlections Of the
stirring days OF 1914 were called up
when. with pennants flying and bands
playing the.cavalTy and artillery start
ed for the Rhine The Fifth cavalry
division left Meaux. Cavalry batteries
stationed at Lyon began the long hike.
The 18th Dragons clattered out Of
Melun. The cavalry movement was
the first step in what France expected
10 be great expedition into the Ruhr
valley
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
SENATOR NNbnR CONVICTION SET ASIDE BY united STATES SUPREME court
MAYOR AND RECORDER
= + 4 - = +4+ = = = =
SPEND FOUR HOURS IN
+ + r = 80 "a = = : & 4
SIGNING THEIR NAMES

= How would you like to spend
3 four solid hours doing nothing
+ except you'd have writer's cramp
+ Think you'd have writer's cra;np
before the Job was completed?
This little feat in penmanship
f ha5 just been competed BY Ma
+ yor George a. Hartman and
> Chy Recorder Thomas Fitz
= Gerald who affixed their na les 4
i 1885 times on bonds and cou- I
= Pons OF the city recently issued
+ for pubic Improvement work. 4
+ -Four hours was the actual time :
required for the w"rk. 4
= There were S. bonds ard each !
J. bond had 20 coupons attached. 4
+ Under the provisions of the city 4
: charter, individual signatures Of 4
the mayor and the recorder are
r required on each separate cou-
p,h. The value of the city pa Z
4 per totaled $4,000. .
3 = = = = + i + - = i
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
STARTS HER MILITARY
FORCES TOWARD GERMANY TO
COMPEL PAYMENT OF WAR Debt
DELFT PLAQUE WILL BE
+ = 3 > = = (
PLACED IN INVALIDESI
+ f. + - > = = = .
TO HONOR u. S. AVIAT0RS

+ PARIS, May IA. PA
r plaque Of delfware comem- 4
= orative Of the American aviators 4
+ who were killed In the war as 4
+ members Of the famous Lafayet- 4
3 te Escadrille will be placed in 4
+ the InyaliGes.
+ The plaque is inscribed I'm 4
: Memoriam' and contains the :
names OF the dead aviatOrs. II :
= was executed at the famous gov Z
= -ernmental porcelain manufac- :
+ tury at Sevres, and has been ae- =
= cepted by President Millerand :
+ for the Invalides with several :
: hundred war relics. historical :
+ pictures and works of art having +
+ an histclic interest. the gifts of :
+ individuals. =
r = = , = : 4 : : : : : .
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
SOUTHERN PACIFIC WOULD
CUT EMPLOYEES WAGES

SAN FRANCISCO. May 2.-(U. P.)
The southern Pacific. through It's
general manascr. ]. p. Dyer. served a
formal notice upon the employees Of
the desire to reduce wages approx
mately 20 per cent, the proposed re-
duction to be considered at series OF
conferences to be held during MAY. n
finally adopted 1t viii become effec-
tive June 1. All classes Of employees.
excepting those belonging TO the four
brotherhoods are affected.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02

lvered to the ultimate consumer with
in "A hours after milking.
Cleanliness Emphasized.
Cleanliness is emphasized in several
sections of the ordinance, which pro-
vide for clean buildings. clean cows
and clean surroundings. II is also pro-
vided that the persons engaged in
milking and handling the milk be
clean and healthy Another provis-
ion requires that all utensils, bottles,
ETC., be kept clean and sanitary. The
ordinance states that nothing bat
wholesome feed shall be fed.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
If Germany Refuses Allies
ReparatiOnS Terms England
viii Blockade North Sea.
GERMANY MUST GIVE HER
ANSWER BY MAY TWELFTH
Interval is Not Allowed for
Negotiations But to Give
Government Time to Reflect.

LONDON. May IA. PD-Great
Britain will make naval demonstra-
ton II Germany refused the allies re-
parations terms. Tho demonstration,
which will take the form Of a block
ade will probably occur in the North
Sea.
Germany must give by May eth the
categorical answer yes or no to the al
lied demands or suffer military and
naval penalties. according to an ulti-
matum wrawn up by the allied foreign
ministers and approved by the SUI
preme council. Tne interval is not al
lowed for negotiations but to give the
German government time to reflect.
Negotiations being considered at an
end.
Premier BRAND said it would take
y DAYS TO complete the French mill
tary preparations for occupation of the
Ruhr district.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
PRExY ANNorNcEs rMps

TACOMA. May 2-tA P1-Presi-
dent Louis H. Burnett Of the Pacific
International League last night an
nounced that Umpire Red Held
would be in charge Of opening Yaki-
ma Tacoma. contest here Tuesday, Jack
Carroll has been assigned to handle
the Victoria Vancouver contest in the
latter city.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
NTLK PRICEs Reduced.

PORTLAND, May IA. PA
reduction of a cent in the prce of
milk effective today is announced by
all distributing companies except the
producer distributors The new price
is - cents a quart if paid in advance,
or IS cents if paid at the end of the
month";
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
10 CORPORATIONS INDICTED

CHICAGO. May 2.-J. P.).The
federal government hit at the alleged
building trust in Chicago when indict-
ments were returned against ll0 cor
porations and individuals by the fed
eral grand jury. charging monopoly
and restraint OF trade under the Sher-
man act
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
JEWS AND ARABS MEET
IN BATTLE AT JAFFA

JERUSALEM. MAY IA. Po--
Twenty persons were killed and $50
wounded in a clash between the Jews
and the Arabs at Jaffa Sunday. The
troops were restored to order without
being compelled to fire on the fighting
crowds.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
FOUR SHIPPING BOARD
VESSELS ARE HELD Up

PORTLAND, May 2.-(U. P)-
Four shipping hoard vessels two for
the orient an two for Europe are held
up. Privately owned coasters are get
ting away ON schedule.
No Vessels i'm Port
SEATTLE. May Gu. Pho
shipping board vessels are in port.
The operators fear the strike, how
ever and it will interfere with future
nNerslas Sailinss.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
THE WEATHER

Reported by Major Lee Moorhouse,
weather observer.
Maximum, 60.
Minimum, SO.
Barometer, 1850.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
QUIET MAY DAY GIVES
ASSURANCE OF RETURN
TO NORMAL CONDITIONS

COLUMBUS. May IA. PD-A
quiet May day has given assurance ~
the return to normal conditions. said
Attorney General Daugherty Ia a state
ment today.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
WHEAT CONTINUES TO
ADVANCE IN MARKET

\ gain of three and a fourth cents
in May wheat and one cent in July
Wheat is shown in today's quo ,tations
from the Chicago gram market. May
wheat closed at $lS4 ii and July at
Sl.09.
Following are the quotations receiv-
Ell CrerJeck < Cooke, local brokers;
Wheat.
Open High. Low. Close
May S1.52 $t.35is S1.32 $1.S4A
July l.oS& tIO4 los l.09
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
Would include Foreign vessels

NEW YORK, May 2.-tU. P)-
The American seamen's strike is be-
ing extended to include vessels of for
eign registry, according to union off
Gals Thomas Milligan. secretary of
the marine firemens, waterrenders and
oilers union, declared all the foreign
merchant craft which recruited crews
in this country would be forced to
adopt the American wages and work
ing conditions.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02

L4QNBCS, Max 2.-z(Esd l.. Keen, u.
"a. staff Cdrrespondefh 'rss-'ife ssfisd
supreme council has agreed in prin-
ciple on the terms of the ultimatum to
DC su5utte 10 Germany, it as learn
Cd aJth1ritat'Vely at the conclusion of
the morning session. Premier BRAND
agreed to an ultimatum to expire not
iaier than May 20. Military prepara-
tions for the invasion Of the Ruhr val
ley will proceed in the meantime so
there will he no delay in case Ger
many rejects the ultimatum The ulsi-
matum win include provisions for gu
aIanteeing the payment Of the Ger
man indemnity and penalties for nom
observance.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
Senator Was Charged With
Illegal Use Of Money to De-
feat Henry Ford in 1918.
SIXTEEN ASSOCIATES WERE
CONVICTED AT SAME TIME
U. S. Supreme Court Held Un-
constitutional Section Under
Which Conviction Was Made

WASHINGTON, May 2.--U. PD--
Senator Truman H. Newberry's sem
tence of two years impr sonment OF a
fine OF $40. 600 on a charge Of illegal
use OF money TO defeat Henry Ford in
the Michigan senatorial election of
1918 was set aside by the United
States supreme court. The court held
unconstitutiona the section Of the cor
rupt practices act under which New
berry and 15 associates were convict
al by the Michigan federal court.
Those convicted with Newberry,
who received VARYING prison sentences
and fines or both were. John 5. New
berry brother; Allen Templet0n. b.
+. Emery, Harry Turner, Z. V. Chill
son. Hannibal Hopkins. James Nc Gre
god. Charles Lloyd, Roger NJ. An
drews. Frederick Cody. Milton Oak
man, Richard Fletcher, Fred Henry,
William Nickel and George Iadd. JUS
tice Mere ynolds read the decision.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
IS MADE TO
EXTEND STRIKE TO
INCLUDE HARBOR MEN
VIII Ask Towing Concern En-
ployes and Affiliated Unions
to Walk Out in Sympathy.

NEW YORK, May (Harold d.
Jacobs. L. P. Staff Correspondent -
An extension Of the seamens strike to
include all harbor workers in the con-
try will be attempted tonight. The in
ternational seamens union, which call
ed the general strike to fight the Is
percent wage reduction. will ask the
towing concern employees and affiliated
unions to walk out in sympathy, in an
.sffert &. secure a. complete PARALYSIS
of American shipping. The total. eE-
pectcd to strike on all the coasts will
ha f75 000 men
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
johnson WIN Introduce Measure.

JOHIINDH VIII THITWIWNV NEVHsITF'
WASHINGTON, May 2.--(t. PD--
a constitutional amendment TO put the
expenditures in all the primaries for
the federal offices aud the presidential
preference primaries under congressi-
onal control will be presented in the
senate by Hiram Johnson Of Caltfor-
mia. he announced. following the
Newberry decision knocking out the
section of corrupt practices act deal
ing with election.
johnson said he had long had in
mind the introduction Of the measure.
The Newherry decision. he said, is
not the direct inspiration OF It, but
Is cause OF it's present introduction
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02

committee authorized the sub-commit-
tce on the Ford dNewberry senatorial
campaign to continue its investigation
Immediately. The committee, under
the direction OF Senator Spencer of
Missouri. will take the testimony con-
cerning the charges OF fraud in the
primary aud general elections.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-05-02
DAILY EDITION

The East Oregonian is Eastern ore-
CONS greatest newspaper and as aoll-
ing force gives to the advertiser over
twice tho guaranteed paid circulation
In PeEdleton and umatilla county OF
any other newspaper.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-02-19
BUILDERS TO REPUDlhTE
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
Continued from Pd0e I.

ContinWed from Page I.
etrs will not be bound by them, but
will put the reduced scales into effect
at once.
That statement implies that there
are building trades unions in Duluth
that have violated their contracts with
the employers. Mr.. Armstrong is re-
quested to give the names Of SUCH
contract-breaking unions We would
like to know who they are for ou1
own satisfaction.
Free From Strikes.
AS a. final word, Duluth has been
mighty free from strikes in the past
Contractors don't like strikes any
more than union men do. They cost
money to both sides and stir up bad
blood. If Duluth contractors will but
act on their own judgment, without
coercion or intimidation from profess
sonal "open shoppers" we know that
perfectly satisfactory working agree
ments can be made with the unions
in all the building trades for the sea-
son of 1921. And If such are not made
the building industry will be repeated
ly interrupted by q series of strikes
during the season. The success OF
the building industry here depends
largely on collective bargaining. It's
the chicken that lays the prize egg.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-02-19

If you want to- know where the dol
lars go, and why, just watch the navy
bill in congress. You will learn some
thing. ..A:f., e
The bill as reported in the house ap-
propriates $90,e00,000 for increase of
the navy. We are going to spend$145,-
100000 next year carrying on at full
speed the big-ship program OF 1916.
That program, with it's 16 capital
ships and 40 smaller ones, was
planned to cost $544,700.000. Then
came the war. and at an expense Of
1898 100000 we built out Of hand 81
naval craft in addition to our pro-
gram. None the less we must now
complete the 1916 scheme, though it's
cost has risen to $972,931,0O0, of
which almost half is yet to be raised
from the taxpayer.
The backbone of the plan is it's Is
big ships, which, with one other not
ye: completed, will stand US in some
$3.50, 100000. And, when they are
done they may not be worth 80 cents.
Admiral Sims, who ought to know.
says, IF an airplane carrier should
meet single battleship, the carrier
need never go nearer than 100 miles
to destroy it, It could stand off 100
miles and send It's airplanes with their
torpedoes and bombs and destroy the
ship with com para tive ease. Similarly
if two airplane carriers should meet
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-02-19
UNION LABOR OPPOSED
TO "0NE-MAk" BOARDS

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 17.-Organ-
lied labor is opposing Governor Ste
phens' deficiency and economy plan
insofar as it affects the abolition of
state boards that deal with social and
labor problems.
The executive scouncil of the state
federation Of labor has passed this
resolutions:
I'VE insist that ts>ere shall be no
curtailment in the progressive and
humanitarian work of our state gov
eminent. Certain reactionary forces
under the guise Of economy are at
tempting to muddle and becloud the
issue. But they must not be permit
ted to make thrift and economy a
slogan for reaction"