davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
COME ON SKULL OF
ANCIENT MAN In
CAVERN OF BONES
Scientists Say Rhodesia
Find Is Most
Valuable.

JOHANNESBURG, Dec. 10. - A
fossil skull has just been discov-
cred, in Northern Rhodesia which
tory of man.
The scene of the discovery is the
Bone Cave" at the Broken Hill
Mine. already famous for the beauty
of its stalactites and stalagmites
and the remarkable fact that the
lime Of which they were originally
composed has been largely replaced
by phosphates of zinc and lead.
1t was the commercial value of
these formations that led to the
transformation of the beautiful
caves into one Of the strangest
mines which has ever been worked.
But IL was very peculiar mining
for the floor was nothing but a mass
of fossiliZed remains OF elephants,
lions. leopards. rhinoceroses. hippo
potami. antelopes. birds, bats and
small mammals. Many hundreds Of
tons OF these animal remains have
been removed during the course of
mining operations, but no trace of
man was discovered until A depth of
sixty feet below water level was
reached. when the bones of one Of
the most remarkable types of man
kind yet revealed to us were found
surrounded by soft lead conglom-
crate.
Pictures published in the Sunday
Times OF johannesburg show a skull
that seems to resemble the most
primitive member of the huma n
family at present known TO us. the
Ape Man discovered in Java by
Professor Dubois in 1892. But, un-
like the lava specimen, the Rhod-
esian skull has the face preserved
and reveals type curiously similar
to that Of the Gibraltar skull.
Whatever the fuller examinations
OF the specimen may reveal, we are
certain that the new discovery in
PRODUCES US to the oldest type of
man yet found in Africa and gives
a new orientation to the early his
tory of the whole human family.
For whether the Rhodesian man is
a very primitive ancestor of the Eu-
ropean Neanderthal species or a new
species of the Javanese Pithecan-
thropus. by its discovery the impor-
lance of the part played by Africa
in mans history is enhanced and
Charles Darwin's view that Africa
the human family receives further
corroboration. In any case. the new
fossil is one of the most important
documents Illuminating the early
history Of man.
The skull seeing to be quite com
plete, but unfortunately there is no
lower jaw, which, in the light of the
Piltdown discussion, would have
been of peculiar interest and siguifi-
canoe. But as some compensation
for the loss of the ma ndible, the
collar bone, a leg bone, and part OF
the hip bone are said to have been
found and will enable us to form
some idea of the bodily form OF
Rhodesian man.
It is hoped that when these i'm
portant remains get into the hands
! of a competent anatomist many OF
the gaps in our knowledge Of early
man will be filed
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11

AS forecast in these columns a
week ago, the Irish negotiations
did not break down but. instead.
have resulted in an agreement
along the lines which were pre-
dicted last week. This agreement
appears to all fair-minded persons
as being reasonable. just and as
satisfactory as circumstances per-
nit Ireland remains within the
Empire as free state. having a
dominion status similar to that of
Canada's with certain necessary
provisions in favor Of the imperial
government with regard to mill
tary and naval matters. Ulster Is
given the brief option of one month
to enter into the Irish Free State.
with special provision for her on
local government. but participating
in the all-Ireland Parliament II
Ulster does not enter the Irish Free
State at once, there will be a
boundary commission to fix new
boundary between Ulster and the
FREQ State. This new boundary
would doubtless mean the loss OF
some Catholic territory to Ulster.
On account Of the fair provisions
for minorities made In the settle
Ulster II she enters, and on account
Of the more favorable fnancIai
outlook as part Of united Ireland.
il is not unlikely that Ulster may
decide to enter the Irish Free state.
II she does not so decide now. there
is little doubt that such will be
the outlook before a great period
OF time.
Thus, after a struggle of centu-
ries. the Irish question appears set
tied. and riEhteously settled This
settlement Is not only beneficial to
ireland and England, but signin-
cant throughout the world. Except
for the disagreement of a few ex-
tremists. the Irish settlement is
hailed everywhere as certain 70
make for better feeling. 1t Is pos
sible that the negotiations leading
up to the settlement and the ma
ture of the settlement itself may
be Of value In determining the fu-
ture constitution Of the British
commonwealth OF nations, in de-
termining the future relationship Of
the scattered dominions to the
mother country. The British COM
monwealth of nations Is a political
organism without any historical
precedent and the relationship of
its various parts to each other is
in process of determination. This
Irish settlement may be quite i'm
portant in that process
The new good feeling between
Great Britain and ireland brought
about by the settlement, increased
by the release OF political prison.
ers, may be a prelude to a conquest
of Ireland by England of a differ
ent nature than any which the GEN.
turtles in the past have witnessed.
This might be conquest Of good
will and friendship brought about
by the weapons of fair-dealing and
equal association. 1t may be said
that the same sort of a conquest of
England by Ireland. with similar
weapons, is open to Irishmen.
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
THINK FISHERMAN
BURIED KITCHENER

LONDON, Dec. 1o.-what became
of Lord Kitchener's body when the
British cruiser Hampshire sank in
tempestuous Scottish waters after
striking German mine? Was n
washed up on the wild Norwegian
coast and buried as an unknown
CASUALTY"
This theory is to be Thoroughly
Investigated by officers who were
personal friends of the great field
marshal. Details already known are
that a few weeks after the wreck
of the Hampshire in June, 1915. a
body was cast ashore at a remote
corner of Norway, where it was
found by few simple fishermen.
who buried 1t without any effort
to identify the corpse. Their de-
scription OF the clothing on the
body corresponds exactly to that
which Kitchener wore. These fish
ermen are to be brought to Lon
don in an effort to obtain corrobo-
ration of the theory.
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
LIBERAL FORCE
SURPRISE IN
CANADIAN VOTE
Victory Forecasts New
Issue of Reciprocity in
Dominion.

The issues upon which the gov
eminent party was so thoroughly
beaten in the recent Canadian cleo
tons are OF particular Interest to
people of the United States. Pre-
mier Meighcn and his followers IN
sisted throughout the campaign
that tho tariff was the dominant
issue. He maintained that Canada
needed a high protective tariff to
safeguard the interests of the do
minion in the world struggle for
commercial and Industrial SUI
premacy. In support of this argu-
ment great emphasis was placed on
recent tariff legislation in the
United States, which, according to
the spokesman of the Conservative
rarity. indicated that 1t was the ain,
Of the American government TO
keep out the products of Canadian
agriculture and at the same time
to flood Canada with the products
of American industry. Premier
Meishen made a point OF attacking
the new Progressive or Farmers
party. which stood out for low
tariff that, according to the gov
eminent leader, amounted to an
advocacy of free trade. 1t is rather
surprising that the Liberal party
which on the tariff question stood
somewhere between the Conserva-
tive and Progressive parties and
which had been so decisively de
feated in 1911 on the reciprocity
issue. came back so strong IN this
election and won a clear majority
over the other parties in parlia-
ment, This question OF reciprocity
which was so disastrous 20 the Lib
Cral party i'm 1911 may again be-
come an issue on both sides OF the
. boundary.
Another matter of particular in
terect at this time when the farm
crs' bloc in Congress is receiving so
much attention, is the strength
which was. shown by the Farmers
party in Canada under the able
leadership of T. A. Crerar From
being a poor third in numerical
strength in the last parliament the
Farmers party, with siXty-two
seats. now becomes second In
strength and is the official opposi-
tiOn. Just how this will work out
in practice remains to be seen, for
the farmers are likely to be more
in sympathy with the policies of
Tue ne" government party imam
with those of the Conservatives.
who will also be a part of the op-
position.
W. l.. Mackenzie King. the Lib
eral leader who will become the
new premier. is a man well known
in the United States and one who
has first-hand knowledge Of condi-
tions in this country. He holds
postgraduate degrees from Har-
ward and Chicago universities and
under the auspices of the Rookie
Teller Foundation he has conducted
a wide investigation of Industrial
relations. King was elected by an
Ontario constituency which is nor
mally considered Conservative.
Meighen, on the other hand. was
defeated by a member of the Farm
ers' party in his home constituency.
The defeated premier has been
head of the Canadian government
since 1920. when he became prime
minister in succession to Sir Robert
Borden. who retired from active
politics.
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11

Lack of Discipline in Peru
Balks u. S. Naval Mission
Americans Succeed in Introducing Reforms at
Naval Academy in Operating 1t Under
Annapolis System.

today is preparing real students 20
be real naval officers.
But even IL the necessary mate
rial were available IL would be dif-
fcult for any naval mission to make
real fighting navy out of Peru
vians. This point was emphasized
by an officer OF the Peruvian navy,
who referred 20 the lack Of disci-
pline among the Peruvian people,
stating that IL was impossible 10
discipline young men for the navy
who did not have the slightest idea
OF discipline in their everyday life.
For instance. II is absolutely i'm
possible TO form a line anywhere
in Peru. and this was very well
shown on the day that Gen. Mangin
reviewed the troops in Lima during
the centennial celebration Two
lines of mounted soldiers were
drawn up at the entrance 20 the
race track and tried to get the huge
crowd TO move orderly between
their lines into the gateway. but
rather than lay aside all their hab-
its and form line. the crowd time
after time charged the mounted
troops and tried TO force their vav
through with their bare hands
thereby causing a crush which re-
suited in no one getting through
the gates for nearly an hour. where
as hundreds could have gone
through in the same time had they
moved orderly.
The English company which oper-
ates the street cars in Lima tried
just once to discipline the public.
but gave 81 up as a bad proposition.
Every time a street car stops in
Lima there Is wild rush at both
ends Of the car by people who want
to get on and of at the same time
The company put into effect a reg
ulation that passengers must leave
the car by the front platform and
ented by the rear platform. On the
first day that this regulation was
In effect a senator tried 70 get on
the front platform Of one Of the
interurban cars which run between
Lima and Callao. When the motor
man told him he must board the car
like every one else the senator had
both motorman and conductor ar
rested and carried away 20 the po-
lice station. leaving the car on the
corner and tying up trsric for two
hours and a half The company re-
scinded its regulation that after
noon.
How can you make a navy out Of
a people like that7" asked the Pc
ruvian naval officer, who told the
story.
Copyright, ie1i.)
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
Leading Journals Suspect
German Financial Intrigue
Many See Trickery in Mark Depreciation, But
General Sentiment Favors Alienation
Of Preparations Rgors.

OF opinion seems to be that the and the
method which decided
will have be modified While Gernany difficulties
wiful
(Which makes condition than her
An
the repaaons decided would be only injurious
impossible for Germany but generally considered
would be disastrous the recipients
That the
indicated Herr SHINES London followed by
the Rahcusu London also indicated by
Wesbaden the suggestion OF o
the January rcpaaons instamcn by the
tons British II is pointed that the loss
through Britain than would
be the loss There to be OF
ceiling Germanys obligations entirely but there toward
reduction evident developing feeling
the principle separations kind OF gold practical
and desirable regard however the goods
Coud be wit j, being discussed.
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
Fears Soviet and Germany
Will Drench World in Blood
Gibbs Says Moscow and Berlin Must Be Repre-
sented at Next Washington Farley
Or War May Follow.
Bv SIR PHILIP GIBBS.

LONDON, ro-I in Russia when had the first
great day at Washington we. Hughes his
world Only brief message through by wireless but
whole outlook OF the world changed
goodwill that the United
gathered full power in the OF sanity
Now have back England and studied the details Of
all enthusiasm the
pression dependency first doubts Of the critical
of warning writer's have read what Wells thinks
OF France things Of Wells what France
OF Great Britain which reading And having back
Russia through Germany talking with people
have been able again feel, the pulse OF the Eu-
peoples Washington with facts
trl
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11

time of universal crisis, the result
is surely not discouraging."
The facts cited in the editorial
of the Telegraph gives good indi-
cation of Belgium's economic re-
covery and favorable outlook. Such
a favorable outlook, furnishing
quite contrast to some other Eu-
ropean nations, must be a source
of satisfaction TO those who recall
the heroism and sacrifice of Bel
GUM in the early days of the war.
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
Think. Agreement Defective.

The London Times docs not agree
that the collection Of reparatious
is necessarily injurious to the
countries receiving them The
Times believes that the rcpsration
agreement accepted in the spring
IT, defective This journal is fav-
IRA le to accepting reparations IN
goods and services. but in goods
and services which are not com
petitive. but are Complementary or
supplementary The Times says:
TT is supremacy doubtful IL the
separations payments by Germany
have been made solely in the form
II goods and services. In June and
July her imports were shown to
exceed her exports in marks. As
Is well known there has been
enormous speculative buying OF
German marks by foreigners; this
speculation has not been confinec
70 any one country. BY sales Of
marks abroad. Germany has ac-
quired enormous amounts OF for
eIgn currencies, which have been
partly used in making reparation
payments to the allies. In effect,
therefore, a bad mark has been ex-
changed for a good Bradbury"
ana the IOTcikn DuycT OIL TndrkS mas
actually paid the reparation by hi.
unwise purchases OF currency
daily diminishing in value" The
Times therefore suggests that the
Initiation Of German currency Is not
only to make the reparations total
"ppear impossible, but also to eff
rect- a clever. unrecognized taxation
II foreigners who have bought
marks or sold goods for marks to
clip pay the reparations.
out OF the various views and
.tatements Of the foreign press.
ne Is drawn tot the conclusion that.
Though GeTmany's complaints Of
Ter condition may be exaggerated.
the reparation total as fixed in the
eprinE Is clearly too great. Ger
wany's condition may be partly due
- intent or to folly. but an unde-
~irable situation certainly exists.
u Is also clear that the colossal
p ef.aration bill decided on last
rurlnl- would he Injurious TO both
rides. u is advisable and the sober
comments If the British press par
hear out this thought
that some assistance to German
nance viii have to he rendered
This will doubtless mean a reduc-
zion Of the total bill. a moratorium
pr partial moratorium of cash pay
ments for a certain period and.
rToba bly,. an extension OF the prac-
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11

The Paris correspondent OF tho
Manchester Guardian writes that;
Members of the rrparutiunS com
mission appear more than ever m
NIuced of the adviSabiIity of sub
shutting payments in Kind for pay
mcnts IN cash to the fullest extent.
especially after tho visit 81 thu
''uaJantecS Committt' To- Berlin.
II was only after This committee
T"turucd from Berlin that tie COM
mission took its decision in reSarC
90 the LOucnCur- I;9thcU1T agree
menL The ShrcN deSt and
jEstest official opinion available -
L" the effect that. while il Iary not
ne pJSSibl" for Germany T." meet
an her payment IN ,@S-i. even in
the best Of circumstance. - great
part Of the burden may lie taken
IT her shoulders 10y deliveries in
Kind. and that. in any ease for the
time being. il il obvious that she -
doing far less than she could auC
should to equip herself to meet her
obligations
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11


Although Belgium withstood the
first shock of the German advance
in the world war and the terrible
hardships and suffcrings of the Ger
man u,cupat on, il Is now well un-
dcrStopd that the total material
Gam2 sc done her was not to be com
pared with the total damage done to
Northern France. The German
armies swept quickly over Belgium
and. with the exception Of certain
Instances OF wantOn destruction.
relatively little material damage
WAS done in this advance. The bat
tel ne for years was fixed pr.nci-
pal.y across NORTHERN France. only
one end OF il being located in Bel
GUM. Although fearful damage
vas done in that one section men
toned. this was trifle compared
with the colossal, devastation in the
area of Northern France. over which
the battle-line moved and in which
the most complete and methodical
methods Of destruct on ever known
on earch were practiced. Accord
ingly. from material standpoint,
Belgium had relatively little to re-
pair as a result of the war. Soon
after the armistice Belgium set to
business, with gratifying results.
Belgium. under the peace treaty.
was granted prior right to two
billion marks gold. This provision.
OF course, increases the favorable
financial situation of Belgium. In
arranging any matters of the Ger
man reparations this prior claim OF
Belgium must be recognized. The
collection of the EXPORT tax on Ger
man goods and the payments in
Kind as provided for in the Wies-
baden agreement or in any further
agreements. are subject to this
prior right of Belgium's. This mat
ter is mentioned n an editorial in
the Manchester Guardian. Referring
to the export tax. the editorial says:
England, which is the only one
of the allies that has collected the
tax at its own ports of entry. will
hand over the moneys received to
the commission. which will then
transfer them to Belg UNI under her
right to all German cash payments
until her priority claim to 1000. 0O0,-
600 mark gold has been met. Bel
GUM has no intention whatever of
waving this claim to German cash.
and indeed is prepared to reassert
her claim to compensation for all
deliver es in kind to the other al
lies unless France agrees to the
Paris financial conference de-
cisiOns."
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11

ticc Of payment in goods and serv-
ices.
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
Customs Union Provided.

The ratification. by the parlia-
ments Of Belgium and Luxembourg.
of the economic agreement between
the two countries, should also be
benefiC al to Belgium. This provides
for a customs union. in the manage
ment of which the Grand Duchy of
Luxe mbourC would have represen-
tatiOn. Luxembourg seems to he
o. ite satisfied with this arrange
ment and the satisfaction may well
be mutual.
The Daily Telegraph. London, dis
cusses Belgiums debt in a recent
editorial The editorial says. con-
corning recent speech Of the Bel
gian finance minister to the Brus-
sells Bourse. that:
The purpose Of the finance min
ister's visit was apparently to Gre
ate a good impression for the Bel
gtan consolidated loan. and the
comparison of the relative improve
ment in BelEium's position since the
armistice was interesting. In the
course Of his remarks he referred
To the amount of the national debt.
which at the beginning of the year
had attained the formidable proper
lions Of $4,000. 900 DOOR. as compared
with 100000. 0O0f before the war.
1t is expected, however. that by the
end of the year this total will be
diminished-thsnks to Belgium's
priority claim to the reparations
payments. This figure of $1,000
OO0,000f includes an exterior debt,
which. II calculated at the current
rate OF exchange, represents about
2'OOO'Ooe,ooo of gold francs. and
appears quite insignificant when
compared with the French external
debt Of 100000. 900 Of gold francs
or with that Of Great Britain,
which is $4,000. 1000, 900 of gold
francs. The ordinary budget this
year shows a deficit of 100000 900 T.,
but the taxes are expected to re-
duce considerably this amount. AS
TO the extraordinary budget the
receipts from reparations are no
longer a myth. In addition to the
separations in kind which are re-
ceived each month. considerable
sums have been collected in dol
lars. and even In bullion, on &C
count of Belgium's priority. and
these amounts will assist both the
budget and the treasury.
alton, Finance Minister Theunis
stated that the total taxes repre-
scented an average of ESQ francs
per capita OF the population. which
compares with $40 francs paid by
the French, and f22 Cor 1,1O0
krancs) paid by the English.
Finally the Belgian government
was obliged to buy the German
marks which circulated in Belgium
during the occupation for $780,
100000 of. francs in. bank notes. NJ
Theunis added that. excluding the
purchase of the marks. the Belgian
government has never borrowed a
1.OO0-franc note from the Banque
Rationale. and IL was few. govern
ments which had such a record. In
conclusion. Belgium's foreign trade
for the first half of 1921 reached
S.S56,00O, 00Of. and the customs re-
ceipts for 1921 exceed the estimates
by more than $4,000. 000f After
having passed through such trials
as Belgium has suffered. and at
The Washington herald., 1921-12-11
Mail sees Trick.


ihC view thaI Germany g., deliber-
atcIy Initiating her currency and de
PreciatinS the mark in order that
such a course will raise the Ger
man reparatiOn debt-in marks-to
such a staggering figure that the
allies will regard its recovery -
impracticable. Herr SHINES and his
heavy industrial" associations may
rest from their labors. The allies
will not be deferred by whatever
mountain OF marks they may at
tempt to make the reparations debt
assume. We decide for ourselves.
not merely whether. but also when
and how. GeTmany's reparatiou
shall be paid. And we decide thar
precisely as the interest OF the
allied nations best advise. We
shall certainly not be swayed by
any exchange trickery and mark
manipulation that may be practiced
by the German industrial mag
mates"
The practice Of making the
separations bill seem impossible
BY converting the 132. 900 600. 900
gold marks into paper marks. as dis
cussed in the Mail" is illustrated
by a dispatch from Berlin to the
Daily Chronicle" Herr Arthur
Won Gwinner. one OF the creators
Of the great Deutsche Bank. dis
cussed the separations with the
Chronicle" Berlin correspondent
Her Gwinner stated that the
reparation figures were inconceiv-
able and preposterous and is quoted
as saying that to get an idea Of
the eNent Of the reparations. one
must take first Of all. the 1872 0OO.-
nNO. non 81 gold marks. Now. paper
marks have Onc-siNtieth the value
IF gold marks. so multiply by sixty.
You get the figure Of nearly SOOO.-
200 600 600 Of paper marks. Isn't
10 prepOSterous7 Herr Won Gwin-
rer then gives il as his opinion that
Germany should have a moratorium
md reasonable reparations after
Yards He denies that the fall Of
'hc mark has been brought about
r,,- del hcratC intent on the part "f
go German government to make
90, separations seem impossible.
re seems to feel that the proposal
80 substituting separations in kind
Tor. part Of the gold payment. Is not
practical. Herr Won Gwinncr ap-
near to represent the group of
German fnsncicrs who arc trying
tr make GCrmanv's case appear as
'rrI md severe as possible.