davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
London Metal Market

LONDON, May 2.--Standard copper,
spot, f70 15s; futures, $50 ITS Sd;
electrolytic, spot, e71; futures, s73;
tin, spot, 4168 lbs; futures, 9171 15s;
lead, spot f21 los; futures, 421 15s;
zinc, spot, s25 lbs; futures, SGT.
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Cotton Advances
I On Heavy Buying
I'm Late Trading
Even South Is Moderately
Interested ON Bull Side
on Improved Outlook in
Europe; 3O-46-Foint Gain

a strong upturn in prices with a
noticeable increase of speculative in
terest featured the cotton market yes
terday, final prices showing a~net rise
Of 30 to 46 points, which was only a
shade under the top for the day. Most
of the activity and advance came in
the afternoon, the market before that
showing little change from the apathy
that has ruled for several weeks past.
Tho West Wall Stree. and Liverpool
houses, with sprinkiing of Southern buy
inE orders furnished most Of the support
on the upward movement indicating
considerable change for tho better in
speculative sentiment, much OF II being
attributed to a moro hopeful feeling In
regard to European conditions, notably
the British coal strike and the repara-
tionS question. The strength In stocks
and grain also exercised a helpful In
nuence.
Altogether tho market had much bet
ter appearance all day, although 1t was
tnues Its support 1T may be difficult to
sustain prices at these levels
southern spot markets, as officially re-
ported. were generally 90 to so points
higher. ranging from 1916 to IL. with
sales OF 1S.6oo bales at three leading
Texas points.
The local market for spot cotton was
steady and 50 points higher at 1890 for
middiing. No sales were reported
The range OF prices:
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Range Reports Deficit

The Copper Range Company re-
ported defcitsfor the year ended
December 81, after interest AID taxes,
of $4,83S, contrasted with net in
como Of $972,654 in 1919. Gross pro-
ceeds amounted to $4,073, 1892. com
pared to Sc 6.t85,286.
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Days Ne,u Issues

Kuhn, Loeb e. Co. have purchased an
issue of s2,o0o,00o first mortgage 6 per
cent twenty-ycar gold bonds of the
Rensselaer, e. Saratoga Railroad Com
pany, which are being sold privately at
lo92 and interest TO yield 5.7o. The
bonds are first mortgage on the en-
tire mileage and leases, covering 1se
miles, and are not subject to redemp-
tlon before maturity. The mortgage
will be closed mortgage for $4,000 600.
presently to be issued to provide funds
to retire the first mortgage Z per cent
bonds, due May / last, for like
amount. The property Of the Rens-
selaer 4 Saratoga Railroad Company is
leased IN perpetuity to the Delaware &
Hudson Company, which guarantees the
interest on the bonds and the per cent
dividend on the stock of the company.
The new first mortgage bonds will be
mortgage upon the property prior in
lien to the lease to the Delaware &
Hudson Company. They are legal in
vestment for savings banks and life in
surancc companies in New York, New
Jersey and other states.
negotiations involving the sale of an
issue of $1o,000,000 to $4,000 900 Of
notes of Libby, McNeill & Libby, the
Chicago meat packing company, are
nearing completion, it was learned yes
terday. New York and Chicago banking
houses are handling the business. 1t is
expected the notes will be of compare
lively short maturity and will bear 7
Per cent coupon. The sale Of notes will
provide the company with additional
working capital aud refund bank loans.
Three syndicates bid for the $4,000, 900
issue of State of Washington, Soldiers
Bonus bonds, offered yesterday. An
nouncement of the award will be made
to-day The Seattle National Bank
headed syndicate of twelve houses
which bid 100.13 for s3,Oo0,000 with the
first five n.aturities as SIS and the last
ten as 51as. The Bankers Trust Com
pany headed another syndicate of
twelve firms with bid of 10000 for
100000 5%s, with an option for $3,-
100000 additional. The syndicate headed
by the National City Company of New
York bid 100.29 for the whole issue of
s6.0Oo,o00 5As and 1Go.5o for $4,000, 900,
with an option on the remaining s3,-
100000. The bond. mature serially
$d,o00,000 annually from 1926 to 1910.
The Detroit United Railway is paying
$S55,000 of Detroir e. Northwestern
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Uruguay Reported
Seeking Loan Here

MONTEvIDEO, May "A syndi-
cate Of American bankers has Of
fered the Uruguayan government a
loan Of s25,000,000 for twenty wears
at 8 per cent, it is announced here.
Representatives Of the South
American banking group, consisting
Of several Of the strongest institu-
tions in Wall Street, said yesterday
that several of the South American
republics we're seeking loans here.
but the negotiations as yet have not
gone beyond the talking stage. The
last piece of South American financ-
ing was an issue Of San Paulo state
bonds and previous to that the
Chilean government arranged a
$24,000,000 fiotation. Recently an
Argentine loan was discussed, but
bankers and the Argentine govern
ment were unable to agree upon
terms, the latter holding that the
basis proposed was too costly.
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Refined Sugar Futures
Trading Is Begun Here

Futures trading in refined sugar was in
augurated yesterday on tho local ex-
change, twenty-one contracts totaling fs,-
500 bags being sold. July sold at 7.05c
then up to 7.o9c. Most of the trading rep
resented straddes between and refined
futures market. Raw futures were un-
changed to % points higher.
inc spot markets were dull and prices
were unchanged.
The range Of ra<y futures:
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Wheat Is Higher
On Export Buying;
Advances i'm Corn
Profit Taking Checks Rise
and Buying for Foreign
Account Falls OFF, but
Gains Are Held

CHICAGO, May 2. Scarcity of
wheat available for immediate de-
livery on May contracts led to a sharp
upturn in values to-day. The market
closed unsettled at 1c to 31ac net
higher, with May $1.34 to $1.34la and
July $1.09 to s1.09H. Corn gained 1c
to Ike, and oats finished at Mc to nc
decline to 1zc advance. In provisions
the outcome varied from setback Of
sc to rise Of 40c.
Bulls quickly took control of the
wheat market, for there was an entire
absence of first of the month de-
liveries, and no apparent likelihood of
any large deliveries soon, owing to the
fact that virtually all the wheat in.
Chicago has been sold for shipment
Furthermore, it was correctly antic-
pated that the weekly statement of
the United States visible supply this
afternoon would show a decided new
shrinkage. Exporters meanwhile CON
tinued to buy, although exchange rates
we're unfavorable. In this connection
estimates were current that $4,000, 900
bushels would clear for Europe during
May.
Corn and oats duplicated the action
of wheat. Smallness of May deliveries
Of corn was an evident buliish in
fuencc.
Packers buying Of lard rallied pro-
visions from a decline due to weak
ness in the hog market.
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03

All LobcS 23 %
do pt. 10 50
5r-Am 2. 2s11 27H
Cos & Co. tx sX
Elk Bns r sM 81
Imper Oil. e6 *
Maagn Pet.l45 1s5
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Treasury Certificates of indebtedness


ate OF maturity. va
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
New York City Bonds
Form. Rate. Maturity. Bid. a
New York State Bondg
Issued in coupon and registered form,
not tsfnterchangeable. Coupon bonds regfs-

Is1ued In coupon and registered form,
not interchangeable. Coupon bonds regis
terable.
Bid. Ask. Yield.
Canal Imp $ias. 1864. 400 1o3 40
Highway IMP 4Hs 186S.l0 102 40
Canal Imp AIS, 196b.... 96 IS 4.3S
highway Imp 4As 1855. 9s % l.S6
Barge Can Ter AIS, l946. 9S es 4.3s
Highway Imp fs, 1857. s2 "a 4.33
Canal Imp zs, 1aeT...... 80 "a t.33
High Imp -. 19S0-63 Inc. e2 % ABB
Go 49, 1868 92 ~ 4.32
Canal Imp ~, f960-62 Inc 81 "a 433
Palisades S PIX 4s 1861 % "a 433s
Barge Can Ter As. '4.-'46 90
Federal and Joint Stock Land Bank
Bonds
Bid. Ask Yisid.
!. lsss-lss3 .....:... ARK ss.l s.la
!, aaaa.lssa i si4 sass s.i7.
:. isss-i9s IS. 81. sex SIS.
la ass5,isaa s., ak sass $50.
!, dssssioss s; 9s,, ......,. s4N ssA t.Ss
q . ~ \ A .
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03

Railway first mortgage bonds which
H. L. Allen & Co. are Offering $780,
900 City of White Plains, N. Y, 5ia
per cent school bonds, to yield 4.95
per cent.
NJ. NJ. Freeman & Co.. Of Philadel-
phia, are Offering 100000 Mexican
County, Pa, 8 per cent road bonds, at
prices to yield $50 per cent.
Pynchon & Co. and Paine, Webber
& Co. are offering s25o,ooo City of Rio
de Janeiro per cent loan of 1909 -,34
at $3.50, including five months, interest,
per &200 OF the original issue of e.
100000, e636,690 have been redeemed
at par. The bonds are redeemablc by
annual drawings, at par, in London on
November !, by means of 2 per cent
cumulative sinking fund. They are
payable as to principal and interest in
pounds sterling, or at the option of the
holder in Dutch guilders or Swiss
of 81 equal to 1905 guilders or IS
Swiss francs. When drawn for redemp-
tion and cashed in Swiss francs, at
present the most favorable rate of ex-,
change, which equals s4.4o per 25.1
francs, the yield ranges from 7S per
cent, if drawn in November. 1921, to
81 per cent, if drawn November. 1894.
These yields will increase correspond
ingly with the return of any of these
currencies to normal. The issue is un-
conditionally guaranteed by the United
States Of Brazil and is secured by a lien
OH the trades and professions tax. the
average revenue from which for ie1o-
- has been approximately $50. 900
Coupons and drawn bonds NAV. he
cashed IN New York at the prevailing
rate of exchange.
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Insurance Companies
elIaneous ON Companies

Mid Rfg. .149t. l50A
Mt Prod. liss ~
Northw O..22 81
Prd& RI G ~. AM
- Sk Fra ~ AA
e. p hnS,. ~ IA
~ = g q = ~ ~,
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Saturdays

80 points higher at 1900; sales 1897 bales.
New Orleans steady, 25 points higher at
II SOC; sales 2,ols bales. Savannah very
steady. 80 points higher at 12c: sales 367
bales. Norfolk quiet. rs points higher at
II soc; nales 414 bales. Augusta steady,
50 points higher at 11.5o: sales 2o6 bales
Memphis steady 20 points higher at IL Csc;
sales. 1.7so bales. Houston steady, 4S
points higher at 11.7oc; sales, 3,oss bales.
Little Rock quiet unchanged at lie;
sales, 748 bales. Dallas steady, 40 points
higher at 1850; sales 5.95S bales Mont
gomery Arm, unchanged ct 1o7Sc; sales,
80 bales Fort Worth steady. 45 points
higher at 25c; sales. 1861 bales.
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03
Cotton Statistics

Liverpool cables-Spot cotton quiet. at 4
points advance; middlina 7.sSd; sales,
5000; American. 5000; imports, $4,000;
American, $4,000: tenders, docket,
600 bales. Futures opened barely steady
at to points decline; closed quiet at
points advance to pointa decline. May,
1885, July. SID; October. 8.42d; Decem-
ber, S.56d: January, $500. Manchester:
Yarns. quieter; cloths dull but steady.
Cottonseed Oil
Price changes were comparatively mar
row, but the undertone steady and
1nsl quotations were l point net higher
to points lower.
The range of prices:
New-York tribune., 1921-05-03

Blackstone on ssDogver'
"DsU~ misdt 5t ssisd q, The ,<lse sf q Dxaih
fa,fsn: ane< IL svs, iafysSaf<d isfo Der
marx iy fde fath<y sf Csaats The G,esf, eaf
# grdtifadf to fdr Danish hdits tehs ,s1
al tdssr jered 10 ramon hin whea he w4s
f<ksx Sriss~sv y fde p1xdaI."
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21

Always put off until tomorrow
the mean things you could say to-
day.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
ENDORSED AT HOME
Such Proof As This Should Con-
vince Any Paris Citizen

The public endorsement of a local
citizen is the best proof that can be
produced. None better, none strong
er can be had. When a man comes
forward and testifies to his fellow
citizens, addresses his friends and
neighbOrs, you may be sure he is
thoroughly convinced or he would
not do so. Telling ones experience
when it is for the public good is an
act of kindness that should be ap-
preciated. The following statement
given by resident of Paris adds one
more to the many cases of Home En-
dorsement which are being publish
ed about DOan's Kidney Pills. Read
it.
. Robert Link, proprietor grocery
store, 1881 S. Main street, Paris,
says: Il have found Doan's Kidney
Pills to be the best kidney medicine
ever used and can't recommend
them too highly. My back had given
me no end of trouble and there was a
steady, dull ache just over my kid
neys. My kidneys acted too fire.
quently, too. l began using Doan' s
Kidney Pills, and in a short time /
was completely rid of the trouble. -
Price &C, at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for a kidney remedy
get Doan's Kidney Pills-the same
that Mr.. Link had. Foster Milburn
Co., Mfrs, Buffalo, N. Y. (adv,
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
SHE SPILLED HIS APPETITE

One of our well-known members
recently entered a restaurant, glanc-
ed at the menu and then looked at
the waitress.
Mice day, little one," he began.
Eyes, it u.s." she began, land SO
was yesterday. My name is Ella and
l know that I am a little peach and
have pretty blue eyes. I have been
here quite while and 1 like the
place, but l do not think that I am
too nice a girl to be here. If 1 did
I'd quit my job. My wages are sat
isfactory, and 1 do not know of a
show or dance in town tonight, but
if there is one 1 shall not go with
you. l am also from the country and
/ am respectable girl and my
brother is cook in this restaurant.
He weighs over 200 pounds and it
not a bit fat. One time he was a
professional heavyweight fighttr and
still has a punch or two left! Last
week he wiped up the floor with a
would-be salesman, who got not over
fifty a month, for trying to make
date with me. Now that you have
all the information you probably
want, what are you going to eat?"
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
ATHLETE ELECTED PRESIDENT
UNIVERSITY SENIOR CLASS

Results of the first election of
officers of the senior class of the
University of Kentucky, held under
the auspices of the Student Council,
were announced Tuesday by G. r.
Melcher, dean of men.
Robert LAWN, Paris, was elected
president of the class and Miss
Josephine Evans, Lebanon, vice
president. LAWN is an athlete OF
note and a member of the Sigma
Alpha Epsilon Fraternity and the
Lamp and Cross, senior mems hon
orary fraternity.
Other officers elected were j. ]
Solmer, CovingtOn, treasurer; Miss
Margaret D. HARRISON, Shelbyville
secretary; r. T. Johnson, Berea, or.
ator; Miss Henrietta Rogers, Dan
Vile, historian; Miss Eva Congleton
Athens, prophet; Burton Prewitt
Mt. Sterling, grumbler, and G. v
Watson, Brooksville, permanent Sec
rotary
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
MOTHER! MOVE CHILD'S BOW
ELS WITH CALIFORNIA
FIG SYRUP

Hurry motheri Even a sick child
loves the "fruity" taste of "Califor-
MIA Fig Syrup" and it never fails
to open the bowels. A teaspoonful
to-day may prevent sick child to-
morrow. If constipated, bilious, fe-
verish, fretful, has cold, collie, or il
stomach is sour, tongue coated
breath bad, remember a good clans.
ing of the little bowels is often al
that is necessary.
Ask your druggist for genuine
California Fig Syrup" which has
direction for babies and children Of
all ages printed on bottle. Mother!
You must say California" or you
may get an imitation fig syrup.
(F-tf)
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
APPELLATE COURT UPHOLDS
SENIORITY RULE

Holding that the seniority rule
which governed railroad conductors
during the time that railroads were
under government control is still in
effect Appellate Judge Gus Thomas
refused to reinstate an injunction
which had been denied by the JEFF
ferson Circuit Court to P. A. Alden
passenger conductor of the Louis,
vile & Nashville railroad, against
the railroad; B. NJ Starks, general
manager, and the following conduc'
tors. M. P. Grady, A. ]. Scates
A. M. Stevens and j. Barrett, all EN-
ployed on the Memphis division.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
SWIFT & CO.'S WEEKLY PRO.
DUCE MARKET REVIEW

A smaller amount of butter has
been manufactured during the week
than the previous week, although it
is in excess of the production of the
corresponding week a year ago. The
butter market is a little higher, re-
sulting in higher paying prices
throughout the producing territory.
Fresh eggs are in light supply
and bringing higher prices.
There has been a heavy movement
of poultry during the past week,
with good demand from consuming
centers and no particular change in
prices.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
CATARRHAL DEAFNESS

is greatly relieved by CONSTITUTIONAL treat
ment. HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE
is a constitutional remedy. Catarrhal
Deafness is caused by an infiamed con-
dition of the mucous lining of the Eusta-
chan Tube When this tube is inflamed
you have a rumbling sound or imperfect
hearing, and when 1t is entirely closed,
Deafness is the result. Unless the in
f1ammation can be reduced, your hearing
may be destroyed forever. HALLS
CATARRH MEDICINE acts through the
blood on the mucous surfaces of the sys-
tenn, thus reducing the Inflammation and
assisting Nature in restoring normal con-
ditions.
Circulars free All Druggists.
e. J. Cheney & Co.. Toledo. Ohio.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21

The foolish dye young, is the way
North Carolina contemporary puts
it.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
Are You A Rundown
Nervous Woman +?
II You Are, This is Most Important
to You

Covington, Ky.-"Some years ago
had general breakdown in health, was
very nervous and weak. / heard DIR.
Pierce's Favorite Prescription highly rec
commended, so began taking it, and in
a short time my health and strength were
fully restored. l am still enjoying good
health and can highly recommend DR..
Pierce's Favorite Prescription for the ills
OF women."-Mrs. G. E. Hull, 1916
Wheeler st.
Beauty and Health 60 hand in hand.
DO not neglect the most valuable asset
you have. Go to your neighborhood drug
store and get Favorite Prescription in
tablets or liquid. If you are troubled
write DR.. Pierce, president Invalids'
Hotel in Buffalo, N. Y, and receive good
medical advice in return, free.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21

EIRST thing you do next
go get some makin's
papers and some Prince
Albert tobacco and puff away
on a home made cigarette
that will hit on all your
smoke cylinders!
No use sitting-by and say
ing maybe you'll cash this
bunch tomorrow. Do it while
the going's good, for man-o-
man, you can't figure out
whatyou're passing by! Such
flavor, such GOODNESS, such
more-ish-ness-well, the only
way to get the words en-
phatic enough is to 60 to it
and know yourself!
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
You'll enjoy the
sport of rollirz
'enn with F. A.!

And, besides Prince
Albert's delightful flavor,
there's its freedom from bite
and parch which is cut out by
our exclusive patented proc
ess! Certain1y-you smoke
p. A. from sun up till you
slip between TIE sheets with
out a comeback.
Prince Albert is the tobac-
CO that revolutionized pipe
smoking. Ifyou never could
smoke a pipe - forget it
You can-AND YOU WILL
If you use Prince Albert
for packing! It's a smoke
revelation in a jimmy pipe
or a cigarette!
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21

There are plenty of self-made
men, but did you ever hear of a
Self-made woman?
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21
INCROWN nail
Toe Nail Turns Out Itself If You
Tougher Skin

A noted authority says that few
drops of 'Outgrow" upon the skin
surrounding the ingrowing nail re-
duces Inflammation and pain and SO
toughens the tender, sensitive skin
underneath the toe nail, that it can
not penetrate the flesh, and the nail
turns naturally outward almost over
night.
''Outgrow" is a harmless, antisep-
tic manufactured for chiropOdists
However, anyone can buy from the
drug store tiny bottle containing
directions. (F-tf)
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21

Prince Albert is sold
IN toppy red bags,
tidy red tins, hand
some pound and half
pound fin hurnidors
and in the pound
crystal glass hunsi-
dor with sponge
moistener top.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1921-10-21

And there are some people who
seem to think the world owes them
a high living.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1921-05-06
INDICTED FOR AUTO THEFT
Six Men Accused Of Soliciting, Orders
for FUSED Cars" and Then Steal
ing to Suit Customers.

Chicago, April 2S.-Six men accused
of organizing automobile thievery on a
commercial basis, soliciting orders for
used" cars, and then stealing to suit
their customers tastes, were indicted
by the federal grand jury. The indct-
ments, which were returned in the
court of Judge Lands, are based on
the Dyer act, which prohibits the
transportation Of a stolen automobile
from one state to another. Headquar-
ters of the business" it is alleged, was
in indianapolis, but Chicago was the
principal source of supply. Statesmen
having booked orders from Indiana
farmers, other agents of the company"
go to Chicago and pick up the needed
cars, according to detectives. The in
dicted men are William Beville and his
brother, Seth of Dayton, O.; Roy Rapp,
Fred Soback, Fred SNYDER, Chicago,
and William Price, Da! ION.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1921-05-06
U. S. RHINE INFLUENCE BIG
America Has Much to Say as Coun-
tries Officially on Gen.
mission.

Coblenz, Germany April 30.-The
United States representation on the
allies Rhineland commission, while
described as unofficial, yields as much
influence in a consultative capacity
upon the decisions taken by the COM
mission as that of the three allied
countries officially represented, accord
ing to Mr.. acknowledgements, Belgian
high commissioner on the Rhine. Gen
eral Allen, acting in his dual capacity
of commander of the American forces
in Germany and representative of the
department of state, attends every
sitting of the commission or, when
unable to be present, is represented
by Colonel Stone of Mississippi No
decisions are taken without having
been first submitted to the American
representatives and in many cases
American suggestions have been act
ed upon and have caused agreements
to be reached when it seemed as If
a hopeless deadlock was to be feared.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1921-05-06
SEES WEDLOCK PERIL
ENGLISH ARCHBISHOP SOUNDS
WARNING ON DIVORCE
York PreIate Declares There Is Com
ing Over Conscience Great Lax
ity and Softness.

London, May 1.-THE archbishop of
York addressed a meeting at York on
the subject of divorce. 1--WE are told
there is a great conflict between our
marriage laws and the conscience of
the community" he said. There is
coming over the conscience of the COM
munity a great softness and laXity.
1T is not the conscience of the COM
munity that rebels; it is certain new
streams of thought and tendency
which are running strong.
1--WE have a real issue. Is the so
cial life of the country to be regulated
at all by the spirit and teaching OF
Christ? Christs teaching is more en-
phatic on this than any other sub
ject, and the dangers against which
that teaching warns us are increasing.
''We must remember that this is
time of great emotional excitement
and unSettlement. At such time,
when there are so many needless and
reckless marriages taking place, when
we are surrounded by these manifest
proofs of the breakdown of the dignity
and solemnity of the marriage tie, are
we going to strengthen the barriers
and protect the institution of mar
riage, or open the floodgates?"