davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

All through the halls of the Amalgamas-
ed that peculiar thing called "moFale .
has been forged. That means in other
words that the workers are being knit
more tightly together every hour and
every day. anyone who has visited the
halls night riong knows this. There is
something different astir than there
was at the slack moment eight weeks
ago when the workers first found them
selves locked out.
Then they seemed little dazed, al
most as though they didn't know what
had happeaed almost as though they
hadn't grasped what the employers
were trying to do to them. Today it is
different. That spirit which we call
/" solidarity" has become every week
stronger aad stronger. BY attacking the
workers the employers have succeeded
in making them realize the meaning Of
the class struggle. In all the many halls
where clothing workers meet daily, the
Same thing has been in progress, the
forging Of the force of workers into
q fighting weapon.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

head with ny lips for the last time
On the dhy of the funeral we gather
ed in the icreat hall where he lay.
have very few impressions of that day.
It was cOId and the sky dark, snow fell
as we begah TO march. l was conscious
of how pebple cried and of how the
banners fldsted and how the wailing
heart -breakhg\ Revolutionary funeral
hymn, played y military band, went
on forever apt ever.
The RussiSns let me take my grief
in my own way, since they felt / had
thrown all caution to the winds in going
to the hospital. On that day felt very
proud and thven strong. l wished to
walk according to the Russian custom,
quite by mSDlf after the hearse. And
in the Red thiare I tried to'stand fac.
ing the speal .,s with brave face. But
/ was not at all and fell on the
ground and NNpot speak or cry.
l do not aet Der the speeches.
remember M " broken notes of the
speakers W s. was aware that af.
ter long he They ceased and the
banners BEG "a dip back and forth
in salute. ] Sa the first shovel Of
earth go 70 kg own and then some
thing snapI my brain. After an
eternity I Va up in my own bed.
Emma GoldI Ln Was standing there and
Berkman, Al 1.-TWO doctors and .all
young officj jtfrom the Red Army They
were Whispering and so 1 went to sleep
again.
But I have been in the Red Square
since then-tsince that day all those
people came to bury in all honor our
dear Jack Reed. I have been there in
the busy afternoon when all Russia
hurries by, horses and sleighs and bells
and peasant; carrying bundles, soldiers
singing on their way to the front. Once
/ some of the soldiers came over to the
grave. They took off their hats and
spoke very revently. "What good
fellow he wasl" said one. ellie came
all the way across the world for u.s."
"He was one of ours" In another
moment they shouldered their guns and
went on again.
| have been there under the stars
with a great longing to lie down be.
side the frozen flowers and the metallic
wreaths and not wake up. How easy it
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
Last Days With John Reed

When | did reach Soviet territory | was
at the opposite end of Russia from Jack.
When 1 reached Moscow he was in Baku
at the Oriental Congress. Civil war
ragged in the Ukraine. A military wire
reached him and he came back in an
armored train. On the morning of Sep
tember 18th he ran shouting into my
room. A month later he was dead.
We had only one week together be-
fore he went to bed, and we were ter
ribly happy to find each other. | found
him older and sadder and grown stran'
gely gentle and aesthetic. His clothes
were just rags. He was so impressed
with the suffering around him that he
would take nothing for himself. / felt
shocked and almost unable to reach the
pinnacle of fervor he had attained.
The effects Of the terrible experience
in the Finnish gaol were all too ap'
parent. He told me of his cell, dark and
cold and wet. Almost three months of
solitary confinement and only raw fish
to eat. Sometimes he was delirious and
imagined me dead. Sometimes he ex'
pected to die himself, SO he wrote on
books and everywhere little verse:
Thinking and dreaming
Day and night and day
Yet cannot think one bitter
thought away
That we have lost each other
You and t..
But walking in the park, under the
white birch trees and talking through
brief, happy nights, death and separa
tion seemed very far away.
We visited together Lenin, Trotsky
Kaminev, Enver Pasha Bella Kun, we
saw the Ballet and Prince Igor and the
new and old galleries.
He was consumed with desire to 90
home. felt how tired and i'll he was
how near a breakdown and tried to per-
suade him to rest. The Russians told me
that he often worked twenty hours 4
day Early in his sickness asked him
to promise me that he would rest be-
fore going home since it only meant
going to prison. felt prison would be
too much for him. I remember he looked
at me in strange way and said, MY
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
STORES.

STORES.
Continued from page ~
You act as if You were going to a
regular store. Don't you know that this
is our store7"
"What do you meant" the angry
woman said.
"Well, it's like this. We shouldn {
be angry if we have to wait the first
days. The people in the other cities, and
those who are working in New York
have given their money, and Wa who
are profiting by it, the least we can
give is our patience. We got to help
together to make the commissary a sue
cess, the people who buy things no less
than the people who are selling. You
can't expect everything to work like
machine the very first day. And the
more you roar the worse you make it. .
SO you can see the spirit of co-ppera
tion gaining over the spirit Of impiti-
ence Another lesson in solidarity, an.
other milestone on the road to welding
the whole industry into magnificent
fighting unit.
And it would be strange if those who
came to take should be less generous
than those who gave; it would be
strange if one part of the industry
should be full Of understanding and
generosity, while the other part-the
ones who where to benefit-should ex-
pect this new enterprise to run with
the precision of clockwork and be angry
if it did not.
A big experiment in solidarity is what
the commissary is, both for the work
crs who give and those who lake.
Throughout all the halls the question
OF who shall have relief and who shall
not is being discussed daily. 1t is 4
hard question. Slack season was long.
In all the shop meetings this is a burn
ing question.
1 was in meeting of Italian women
where the question was being explain
ed. They sat there quiet, absorbed. The
question in every mind was, "Can I
wait? Do | need the cards as much as
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
Program Of the United Communist Party.
Continued from page q


with the organized working class In the approaching decisive
struggle these organizations if thoroughly permeated with Com
munst understanding will fight the ranks of the working class
due to their military experience they will be invaluable in the stg
ge The United Communist Party will extensive
paganda them organizing Communist within their
membership and striving to transform them into fighting units of
the working class-the nuclei of Red Army.
Outside of the bourgeois military organizations the party will
propaganda exposing their true nature dscouragng
voluntary enlistment and Systematically destroying the false pres
ge which these institutions still enjoy the eyes of the workers
The United Communist Party will oppose with all measures at
its disposal attempts of The capitalists involve the workers
OF this country in mperastic If despite the Pary ef
forts to the working class into open rebellion against the
designs of the mpeasc bourgeoe the latter succeeds con-
scrptng the workers into it's army the members of the Party
must not evade conscpon but shall work actively for Com
munsm their fellow conscrp that their military
training may be used against the capitalist State
Concluded in next weeks ISSUE
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

lowing subjects: industrial Unionism versus
Craft Unions History of the RussianTrad
Unions for the Last Fifteen, Years.; "The
Work of the Unions in Russia; extra
Union Organization; tariff Policy in In
dustry (Wages and Payments in Kind)",
'Why We Apply Methods of Payments by
Results" (in Russia; "Trade Unions and the
Communist Party; 'Yrade Unions and the
Soviets" "Trade Unions and the Red Army
and the National Militia" Educational Work
of the Unions; yellow and Red" Historical
tendencies in the union internationally La
Dor Legislation and the Trade Unions; "Mu-
tual Relations of the Industrial and Commun-
ist 1ntemationals" 'Trade Unions and the
International; Workers Control of Indus
try; what the Amsterdam International
Has Done for the Working Glass;; "Civil
Peace and the Unions" Arrangements have
also been made for the publication of the
Bulletin" of the international Council, which
will be issued fortnightly in four languages.
For the distribution of the literature and
the conduct of the propaganda of the Council
various other arrangements will have to be
made according to the peculiarities of the
movement in the various countries. In some
countries where the antagonism between the
unions are embittered the problem of organ
ising the propaganda will have to be ap-
preached differently from those countries
where the movement is more uniform and the
antagonisms less keen. The Council is MAX
ing arrangements for the establishment in
each of the countries of at least one central
propaganda committee with it's members
drawn from the revolutionary unions, where
possible, the Communist Party. They will rot
hesitate to form more than one National Com
mittee where these are necessary. These COM
mittees are to undertake extensive propa-
ganda throughout the unions by means of the
publication of manifestos, the use Of labor
papers, by conferences of the unions, by con-
troversy in the press, by the organization OF
speakers, distribution Of our literature and
general agitation throughout the labor move
ment. Every branch of the union movement
is being circularized and asked to pass the
following resolutions:
y This (branch OF committee .....,
meeting of Organization ...............,)
calls upon the Executive Committee to sever
the connection of this organization with the
Amsterdam Bureau of Trade Unions.
p This branch Tor committee ........,
meeting of Organization ...............
calls upon the Executive Committee of thi,
organization to Immediately affiliate to the
Red Labor Union international, to take all ne
cessary steps for the election of delegates to
the World Congress of Labor Union Organiza-
tions in .............., :, called by this body,
who shall be instructed to pledge this organ-
zation to the revolutionary policy Of the Red
Labor Union International and to respond tc
the calls for action that may be issued by its
Executive.
In addition to these activities, other Or
ganized efforts have been made in various
countries. But evidence Of the ripeness of the
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

time for the development Of our international
comes already from several countries even on
the announcement of our formation. From the
Federation of Unions at Basle and Geneva
comes declaration welcoming the formation
of the Red Labor Union international and
their adherence to it. The unions of the Mar
sellaise in south of France declares also in
favor of the Moscow International and even
proposed to break away from the French
Confederation Of Labor. The French Nsasiisf ssJ
men have also holly debated the question of
Amsterdam versus Moscow and have decided
at present in favor of Amsterdam by 155, ,00O-
10000 votes. When it is considered that prac-
tically no propaganda has been carried on in
those unions on our behalf. this is surpris-
ing result The first Congress of the Unions
of the Near East held at Azerbadjian just
recently have declared in favor of the Red
Labor Union international, and have ap-
pointed committee to work with our re-
preventative in the task of convening con-
ference of all the unions of Turkey, Anatolia,
Armenia, Persia, and Georgia.
The Council has also taken steps for it to
be represented at the Bulgarian Trade Union
Congress and for its views to be expressed at
the All-Bulgarian Conference of Unions
which is to be held in Bulgaria at an early
date The Far East has also received the
attention of the Council and measures have
been undertaken to draw together the unions
of Siberia and to bring them to one common
plan of organization. Schools are being pi-
oneered for the education of the workers on
umionism and for the extension of union pro-
paganda throughout these Eastern Lands
To facilitate the work of the Council in
Russia departments have been connected with
the international Council in Petrograd, Arch
angel and Odessa 1t is creating it's own inter-
national and research department under ex-
treme difficulties arising out of the shortage
of labor. Nevertheless, the work has begun
and is growing apace. The two months of our
existence bear witness not only to the for
mutation of plans, the actual creation of tech
nical machinery of the immediate propaganda,
but welcome response from the union move
ment wherever we have gotten into close con-
tact. Even without contact the mere anounce-
ment of our formation is not without welcome.
The spirit Of revolution has indeed penetrat-
ed the union movement of the world The cha-
lenge of social revolution has been accepted
and the movement Of the unions towards rev.
olutionary actions has become certainty 1t
is now therefore necessary for the Communist
Parties Of all countries to enthusiastically
carry out the decisions Of the Second Congress
of the Communist international, to penetrate
the union movement, 10 struggle to its leader
ship, and mobilize the unions of the world
under the banner of the Red Labor Union
international.
(Signed)
IT. MURPHY,
Member Of the Provisional Execu-
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
TWO MONTHS OF ACTIVITY OF THE IN
TERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF TRADE
AND INDUSTRIAL UNIONS.
Continued from page

was at first apparent between those who beA
longed to syndicalist organizations and those
Of the general trade union movement. This
was intensified when the syndicalists were
1-..s5rced by the Shop-Stewards' Delegates
and those of the /. w. W. These were OF the
opinion that the first proposals for the Pro-
yisional Council and for the conditions at
tendant upon the entrance to the lntelna-
tional were of a character which encouraged
the reformists and prevented the rayng OF
the .eft" organizations such as the Shop
Stewards Syndicalists, and |. w. W. Finally,
the differences were practically eliminated
and after the conclusion of the Congress OF
the Communist International the Provisional
Council of the Red Labor Union Information
al was established by the union represen-
tatives which had been in attendance at the
Congress- These were:
M. Tomsky-All-Russia Trade Unions;
Shablin-Hungarian Trade Unions
Peskania-Spanish Syndicalists;
Nilkitch- Confederation of Trade Unions
Of Jugo-Slavia
A. Nadson-Norwegia Industrial Union;
Taro Joshiharo-American |. W. W.
Colombino, Banchi, and D'Arragona-
General Confederation of Trades Union Of
Italy;
J. T. Murphy-British Shop Stewards and
Workers Committees;
Miradze- Georgian Trade Union;
Maring-Dutch Transport Workers Fe-
deration;
S. Sturne-German Syndicalists;
Maring-Transport Workers of Dutch East
Indies
A. Rosmer-French Syndicalists
A Provisional Executive Committee was
elected by the Council Comrades Tomsky,
Rosmer, Murphy. A general appeal to the
union movement of the world was drafted
and issued Immediately by the Council and
the following temporary constitution OF the
international Council of Labor Unions was
adopted:
Name.
A temporary international organization
established upon agreement among the re-
presentatives of labor unions of various
countries shall bear the name: The Temper
airy International Council of the Red Labor
Union International.
Aim.
The Temporary International Council of
the Red Labor Union international has for
its purpose:
ITO carry on large scale propaganda
and agitation for the idea of revolutionary
class struggle, social revolution, dictatorship
of the proletariat and revolutionary mass ac-
ton for the purpose of the overthrow of the
capitalist system and the bourgeois state.
p To carry on struggle against the poll
cy of conciliation with the bourgeoisie and
the hope Of peaceful transition from capital
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
Location.

Pending the convening of the International
Conference which shall be as early as possible
in 1921, the location of the international
Council shall be in the city of Moscow. The
place of the Congress shall be determined later
by the Provisional Council.
Several med dtinas # the Council have been
held and in addleE VITO the foregoing, various
other rules and regulations for The conduct of
the business of the Council have been pro-
visionally agreed upon Since the business was
carried through, several delegations from the
trade unions have arrived here and inter-
viewed the Council with regard to affiliation
These were from the Italian Syndicalists, the
Central Commission of the German Trade
Unions, and one of the American unions The
Italian Syndicalists joined the Council after a
lengthy controversy, respecting the position
of the Italian Confederation of Labor. 1t W.
not until it was made clear that the COnfed-
Grafton of Labor must Immediately withdraw
from the Amsterdam Bureau of Trade Unions
and openly accept the policy of the Council,
that the Syndicalsts finally agreed to be-
come members of the Council.
The German Trade Unions have not yet
come to decision, but it is rapidly becoming
clear to them that if they would be true to
the revolution no other course is possible for
them to pursue. Meanwhile the Council will
be represented at the Conference of the Bet
riebs Rate, to be held during the next few
weeks in Germany, and to the rank and file
thus gathered in conference direct appeal
will be made.
Efforts are also being make to direct con
tact with the other German organizations and
with those of Austria and Switzerland. With
in few months we expect similar contact to
have been made with Australia, New Zealand
South Africa and the Americas and whole
network of organized propaganda activities to
have commenced
In Britain the organized campaign on be-
half of the Red Labor Union international is
already well begun. A committee has been
established, manifestos issued, and the chal-
lenge to the British union movement to throw
off its reformism and face the revolutionary
issues of the international working class have
been made in no uncertain fashion.
The Russian trade unions, true to the revo-
lutionary task they have so well begun, have
rallied to the International Council with all
the enthusiasm that characterized their initial
efforts in this direction. They have responded
with funds for the strikers of other countries
and other material support, and each Indus
trial Union is sending out its special call to
their kindred industrial workers to rally to
the cause Of the proletarian revolution
The organization of the propaganda of the
Council has betn started and manifestos have
already been issued to the organized workers
of Great Britain, America, Germany, India
and France. n has alDo made arrangements
for the publication of brochures on the fol-
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

ism to socialism, which is poisoning the
worlds labor union movement.
81 To consolidate the revolutionary class
struggle of the worlds labor union move
ment and to carry on a determined struggle
against the international Bureau Of Labor
attached to the League of Nations and the
program and tactics of the Amsterdam In
ternational Federation of Labor Unions.
A. To take the initiative in international
campaigns on the occasion of the more i'm
portant facts of the class struggle, to take up
collections for the support of strikers in the
great social conflicts.
s. To collect all materials, data, and doc
uments which characterize the international
labor union movement and to inform all or
ganizations which belong to the international
Council with regard to the situation in various
countries.
g. To publish books and pamphlets dealing
with the question concerning the intenati-
onal labor movement.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
'(Signed)
J. 7. MURPHY,

Member Of the Provisional Execu-
tive Of the international Council
of Trade and Industrial Unions.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

would bel
1 send greetings to all old friends.
Good luck to all of you.
LOUISE.
From The Liberator.
THE AMALGAMATED CoMMISsARY
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
Bulletin.

The Council will publish bulletin in four
languages, bearing the name of Bulletin Of
the Temporary International Council of the
Red Labor International"
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

Pending the convening of the International
Conference which shall be as early as possible
in 1921, the location of the international
Council shall be in the city Of Moscow The
place of the Congress shall be determined later
by the Provisional Council.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
Conference.

To the participation in the international
congress are invited only such unions and or
ganizations as are conducting in their respec-
tive countries a revolutionary class struggle
and stand for the dictatorship of the pro-
letariat")
The system of representation at the Inter-
national Conference shall be as follows: In
dividual unions, extra-union organizations,
federations, ETC., having less than 100000
members shall send two delegates each those
having over 100000 members may send an
additional delegate for each 500,0 900 organized
members. The International Bureau Of sep
arate industrial or trade unions may send one
delegate each with consultative vote.
y Note: As the revolutionary labor union
organizations which have not yet declared
themselves with sufficient cearness with re-
gard to the dictatorship of the proletariat,
such as the /. W. W., and some syndicalist
organizations, the Council instructs the Bu-
reau to address to them an appeal and to ask
them to refer this question for the considera-
ton of all their sections At the same time
they are invited.to participate in the Inter-
national Conference.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12
Construction.

The Council is composed of one represen-
tative each from Russia, Great Britain, Italy,
Spain, Jugo-Slavia, Bulgaria, France, Georgia,
Germany and from such other organizations
as will join the International Council OF Labor
Unions The Council also includes one 'ore-
sentative of the Executive Committee of the
Communist International. The Council elects
an Executive Bureau of three, including the
General Secretary of the Council and rep
resentative in the Executive Committee of the
Communist International.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1921-02-12

The organization of the propaganda of the
Council has betn started and manifestos have
already been issued to the organized workers
Of Great Britain, America, Germany, India
and France. n has aluo made arrangements
for the publication of brochures on the fol-
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1921-07-29

calle de Algarln, que fue donde ocurri6
el case, presenta IN aspecto dc inusita-
do movimiento en- sus Gales en- sus
casas, pues Sc esta procediendo con tOda
energia al complete y total saneamian
to de la poblaci6n.
Infnidad dc brigaias de poones y has
ia paisanoa desinteresaaamente, Sc ven
de un lado otro, procediendo a la "des-
ratizaci6n" de las casas, repardendo We
memo colocando ratoneras en- todos los
sitios en- que Sc sospecha que pueda ha-
ber madriguera de ratas.
,ALGuNAs CAsAs HAN sIDo cLAU-
SURADAS:
En- Ia calle de Algarin, lug2r donde
ocurri6 el case, han sido c!ausuradas,