davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18

countries is based on gold. one unit Of that currency
representing a definite number of grains ofsgold.
The balance OF exchange is reached by translating
the currency terms of one country into the currency
terms of another. When trade conditions are norm
all the exchange market remains almost in a state OF
equilibrium. There are slight fluctuations due to
the trend of trade, and the demand for currency
from4timc to time with which to settle international
balances, but these fluctuations arc slight and tenn
porary. When a condition arises which disturbs
confidence in the stability of a government, or
when a government has expanded it's credit greatly
through the issue of abnormal quantities OF paper,
the value of its currency declines, and it remains
low until the proper balance is rc-established by
more favorable trade conditions or by the adoption
of wiser business methods by the government. The
war has demoralized exchange by imposing enor,n-
Gus burdens on every nation, by disturbing the or
binary movements Of trade, and3hy raisingdoubt as
to the ability OF some of the nations to redeem the
currency which they have issued All'of these. con
ditions arc accumulated by tho constant hazard pre-
sented by the possibility Of arlotaereWar %S$. IS
The Washington conference, the franK%aAprescn-
tation of American proposals for reduction ST ar11a-
n1ent, has tended to bring aboutSaaf feeling of@secur-
ity. The world i%ntcrprets thisiconfercncc as a thing
which is to result i'll removing to a greatIdistance
the prospect of war. 1t is accepted asa really eff
fcctivc movement. and therefore the markets Of the
world respond. Among the many hopeful i1dica-
.tions of confidence in the result of the, conference
this is one Of the very important and Significant
4s
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18
FAR EAST

The completely of the problems arising in con-
~nection with thei Far East is we'll indicated by the
diffidence shown by the conference delegates at
Washington in approaching that subject as con
trasted with the readiness with which they APP
preached the problem of ornament reduction.
Armament reduction involves a multitude of de-
tails, but the thing itself is relatively simple. The
naval problem is the simplest of all. Nations have
sought to outstrip each other. or to avoid being out
stripped in relative naval strength. and the sitra-
ton has become topheavy. 1t is evident that some
thing like a pro rata reduction will leave the rela-
tive positions Of the nations practically undisturbed.
and it is on that simple formula that the American
plans have been prepared, and that they have been
accepted in principle by the other nations con-
ccrned.
In the Far East we have China. the most pop
ulous country in the world. With social conditions
which have undergone little change for many cen
turtles, and which is barely beginning to feel the in
1uence of modern progress. We have there a ma
ton which has discarded the forms of an ancient
1espotism and which has not. vet realized the 1ncan-
ing Of democracy. We have i'll the vast territory a
history of guardianship, tutclage, oppression and
exploitation. the measure OF each varying will, the
time and the spirit of the age. We see there a doz-
en- western nations. each with its own special inter
est, acquired no matter how; but having developed
into a status which cannot be violently disturbed
without throwing many things out Of Joint. We
see Japan. alert. resourceful AMI ambitious, re-
spending to the urge OF her expanding population
for moro room. and subjected to restraints which
are alike disappointing to her economic ambitions
and calling to her pride.
Such a situation demands more than ordinary
care in its treatment.
1t is evident that in connection with it no short
and simple formula will suffice Details which al
first appear insignificant, may easily BECOME issues
OF first Importance. Hence it is4easy to understand
why the delegates who had responded SO readily to
the suggested plans for armament reduction should
have been reluctant to express themselves on tls
complicated problems of the Far East.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18
INCOMPETENCE ADMITTED.

The Fargo Courier News admits that there has
been incompetence in the management of the Home
Building association. and it calls OH the outgoing
members Of the Industrial commission-whom it
apparently expects to outgo-to explain why,
eighteen months after many of the houses built by
the state were begun contracts have not been#ex-
ecuted with the prospective owners, and why IL IS
that there is such Il wide discrepancy. betwcerl5the
and actual cost of the buildings. SSS
The Herald SO seldom finds itself in agreement
with the Courier News that it experiences a deep
sense of qualification over this statement Tits Far.
go contemporary with which it Isl in hearty accord.
The fact that the Courier News is a little late in
reaching its conclusions does not dctract from their
soundncss now that they are reached. =
OF course The Herald has for a long time been
saying substantially what the league organ says
now. Because it has done so it has been declared
an enemy of the state, and specifically Of the work
ing man. for whose aid the Home Building lawwas
supposed to be passed. The Fargo paper! had the
facts months ago. 1T was in close touch with the
administration, and had access to information
which the independent press had to ferret out for
itself. But all election was coming on, and the or
gan of the league was committed to the candidates.
Of the administration members, hence it would have
been indiscrcet to expose the incompetence of those
candidates until after the people had rejected them
at the polls.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18
PROTECTING THE MAILS.

The step taken by the postmaster general in
Ealing on the marines Tor the protection Of valuable
mail in transit, and the approval of the plan by the
laval department will be generally accepted as III
Ter all trains carrying valuable mail will be accom-
panied by armed guards from the marine corps. Mr.
Hays said some time ago that everything that conld
be done would be done to insure the safety ;ni the
mails, and the mitigation OF the marines for this
purpose seems tu<bc exactly tho proper thing.
Civilian guards are well enough i'll their way. but
there IS something considerably more impressive in
the protection afforded by members OF a trained and
experienced armed force wearing the uniform Of the
United States When it is understood that these
men are employed in sufficient numbers as guards,
and that they have been instructed i'll case OF rcces-
Sity to shoot to kill. the festive highwavlnan is
likely to think twice before he places himself within
range. &3
t maybe that VIC shall yet find it necessary to
use federa troops to put All end to the epidemic OF
robbery WHICH prevails throughout the country. OF
course the protection OF communities from burglary
and 11ghWaysrobbery is generally considered a mat
ter tor the. community itself through its own local
police or assisted by the power OF the state. But
TO cope with the situation SUCCESSFULLY. and it NAV
be necessary to call in tho federal government.
It 10 scarcely feasible TO have|a detachment Of
federal troops TO act as. aepatrel ii,.cach Village Bu1
mere and there are centcrs which: are rerogs5ized al
places where thieves congregatc. Where lsfhfulinal ed
petitions are planned, and out oil which yeeI1c crinH
inal expeditions OF all sf,rts. The localsa uthoritic.
IN such places are sometimes timid, sometimes neg
.lIgent, and there is reason to suspect that sometimes
they are actually in league with professional Grim,
inals. The law has been given a good many harder
twists than would be, required to classify thia,siitua
ton as an interstate situation, requiring thu" attcn
ton Of the federal government.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18
WHAT DO YOU THINK
OF MAIN STREET?

is 1t a true picture of life in a
small town in the northwest?
Are tho people II describes. real.
people? =
The Herald wants to know what
its readers think OF Sinclair Lewis
story and is going to offer $40 in
prizes to find out.
HOW TO WIN "A PRIZE
Read the story as it appears
from day to day trs the Evening
Herald. When the list fnstallment
appears write q ktCer to tho ."M.atn
Street Editor" GRIND Forks Her
aid. telling whether or not you
think the story gives q true pic
ture of life in Gopher Prairie"
and just why you have. formed the
opinions you express.
Ito the writer who gives the best
reason for whatever opinion he or
she has formed VIC will gfge a
prize of $40. For tho second best
letter VIC will give a prize of s..
and for the next seven best letters
prizes of 81 each.
No letter shonld be more than
$50 words in, length.
Tho story Is such that you can
begin 1t any time. and get a good
idea Of the picture 1t paints.
Here's a chance to win II little
spending money Just for writing II
short letter.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18
CONTRASTING TEMPERAMENTs

Some one has called attention to the contrast
ing temperaments Of Washington and Jefferson as
indicated by the spirit shown in the management
of the two estates, Mount Vernon and Monticello.
Washington is often described as an aristocrat.
The term has many meanings, ard it may not be
quit. correctly used in this case under any of them.
Bit Washington was a man of affairs, sofs great
wealth for his time, and he leaned strongly toward
a. system efsgovernment which, based on the popu-
lar will, should be so arranged that the highest in
ttelligence Of the state should have opportunity to
express itself in an influential way. Jefferson. is
commonly held to be the great democrat. He had
absorbed many of the doctrines which later found
expression in the French revolution.
But in actual practice the lives of the two men
were almost transposed. Washington entered
Heartily into the management Of the affairs of his
estatessHe was familiar with all the processes used,
and he mingled freely with his people. The homes
lot his workers were clustered in. the most compan-
tiorable way around the mansion Of the owner, and
Washington the farmer and planter was a man 81
Exceedingly Democratic spirit s4ar asssH Il
Jefferson wrote Wel1lo of democracy. He expotnd-
led democratic doctrines. Bit he. did no .miingljng
with his, people. The bones Of his. servants were
iii 4 distant part of the state, and none might IN
wade the privacy of Monticello The theoretical
democrat was 4 scholar ard d recluse, and mingfinq
with the common herd was not At All to his taste.
HIHG
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-11-18

chill of prejudice, why they did not
make the houses Of their spirits more
warm and frivolous, like the wise
chatterers of Stockholm and Moscow.
She circled the outskirts of the
town and viewed the slum of 'Swede
Hollow Whenever AZ many as three
houses are gathered there will be a
slum of at least house. In Gopher
Prairie. the San Clarks boosted. 'you
don't get any of this poverty that you
find in cities-always plenty Of work
mo need of charity-man got to be
blame shfftless if he don't get ahead"
But now that the summer mask Of
leaves and grass was gone, Carol dis
covered misery and dead hope. In a
snack OF thin boards covered with
~tar-paper she. saw The washerwoman,
Mrs. Steinhof. working in gray steam.
Outside her s~ix-year-old boy chopped
wood. He had a. tori Jacket. mufflcr
of<a, blue like SKINNED milk. His
hands were covered with. red mittens
through which protruded his tci1appeL
raw knuck' es He halted to blow on
them. to cry disinterestedly.
A. family Of recently arrived Firms
were camped in an abandoned stable.
A man of eighty was picking UP
Jumps of coal along the railroad.
She did not know what to do about
1t. She felt that these independent
citizens, who had been taught that
they belonged to a democracy, would
resent her5try:nG to riay Lady Bounti-
full.
She lost her loneliness in the activ-
ity Of the village iniustries--the rail-
road-yards with a freight-tfain
switching, the wheat elevator. oil
tanks. a slaughter house with b,oo1 J.
marks on the snow. the. creamery with
the sleds Of farmers and piles Of milk
cans, an unexplained stone hut label
ed "Danger-Powder Stored Here
The jolly tombstone-yard, where q
unitarian sculptor IN a red caIfskip
o~vercoat whistled as he hammered
the shiniest of granite heaistones.
Jackson Elders small planing-mnl
with the smell of fresh pine shavings
and the burr Of circular. saws. Most
important, the Gopher Prairie Flour
n Milling company. Lyman Cass
president. ~ It's windows were blan-
keted with flour-dust,, but 1t was the
Q stirring spot in town. Work
men were wheeling barrels of flour
into d box-car: a farmer sitting on
vi ~ wheat In a pob-sled argued
within the mill doomed and whined:
water gurgied in the ice-freed mil
/! race.
The .clatter was a relief to Carol
after months OF smug houses. She
wished that she could work in the
mill; that she did not belong to the
caste. OF profesdonal-man's-wife.
She started for hbme, through the
small SUM. Before a tar-pape,
shack, ct the gateless gate, a man In
rough sbrownsdogskin coat and black
plush q with !appetAs was WATCHING
g His square face WAS confident
his foxy mustache vas picturesque iii
stood erect his hands In hiSg SIDE
pockets his pipe puffjnEx slpwJy. III
was forty five or SIX. s5ErhsNa.
How Mo, Mrs. Ke1sicott,' hi
drawled.
She recalled him+-thes town handy.
man. who had repaired their furnace
At the beginning OF winter,
Oh, how do you do" she fiuttered
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09

otiu iiSW iiOpC. VIC HdN6
seen wo r | d passion
spend its fury, but we
contemplate our repub-
lie unshaken and hold
our civilization secure.
Liberty-liberty within
the law-and civiliza-
tion are inseparable
and though both were
threatened we n n d
them now secure. and
there comes to Ameri-
cans the profound as
surance that our repre-
sentative government Is
the highest expression
and surest guaranty OF
both.
standing in this
presence. mindful of
the solemnNy of this
occasion. feeling I h e
emotions which no one
may know until he
senses the great weight
OF responsibility for
himself. ! must utter
my belief In the divine
inspiration of the
founding fathers. Surely
there must have been
Gods intent In the
making Of this new
world republic. Ours Is
an organic law which
had but one ambiguity,
and We saw that effac-
ed In q baptism of sac
rifice and blood, with
union maintained. the
nation supreme and it's
concord inspiring. We
have seen the world
rivet its hopeful gaze
upon the great truths
on which the founders
wrought. We have seen
civil. human and re-
ligious liberty verified
and .glorified. In the
beginning. the o ! d
world scoffed at OUR exs
pertinent. today our
foundations of political
ard social belief stand
unshaken, q previous
Inheritance TO ours
elves. an inspiring ex-
ample of freedom and
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
lew CABINET
CONFIRMED

precedent existing since the days
Washington, President Harding
peared today before the executive
>(on OF the senate. presented his
tnations for cabinet officers and
minutes later all ten were con-
Ded.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
Association for Counsel.

We are ready to associate our
selves with the nations or the world
great and small, for conference. for
counsel. TO seek the expressed Views
OF world opinion, 90 recommend "a,
way TO approximate disarmament
and relieve the crushing burdens Of
military and naval est ,)lish:arn.s
we elect to participate i'm suggest
ing plans for mediation. cancellation
ana arbitration. and would gladly
join In that expressed conscience OF
progress, which seeks to clarity and
write the laws Of international rela
tionship, and establish q word c,ttr;
for the disposition Of such jus.,canie
questions as nations are agreed to
submit thereto. In expressing as
pirations, in seeking practical plans,
In translating humanity's new con-
cept OF righteousness. justice and its
hatred OF war into recommended ac-
ton we are ready most heartily to
unite, but every commitment must
be made in the exercise of our ma
tionai sovereignty.
Since freedom impeiled, and in
dependence inspired and nationality
exalted, a world super-government
lctsssy 70 y,hips we sasSish
= = = -
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09

revealed the heart of America as
sound and fearless, and beating in
confidence unfailing.
Amid it all we have riveted the
gaze OF all civilization to the unset
flshness and the righteousness of rem
resentative democracy, where our
freedom never has made offensive
warfare, never has sought territorial
aggrandizement through force. never
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
Progress Proves Wisdom.

The recorded progress Of our re-
public. materially and spiritually, In
itself proves the wisdom Of the in
herited policy of non-involvement i'm
old world affairs. Confident of our
utility to work out our own des-
tiny and jealousy guarding our
right to do SO, we seek no part in
directing the destinies of the Old
world. We do not mean to he en-
tangled. We will accept no respon-
siDiiity except as our own console nee
and judgment i'm each instance may
determine.
Our eyes never will be blind to Il
developing menace, our ears never
deaf TO the call of civilization. We
recognize the new order in the
world. with the closer contacts which
progress has wrought We sense the
call OF the human heart for fellow
ship, fraternity and cooperation. We
crave friendship and harbor no hate
But America. our America, the
America builded on the foundation
laid by the inspired fathers, can be
party to no permanent military
alIiance. IL can enter into no pO-
litical commitments, nor assume any
economic obligations or subject our
decisions TO any other than our
own authority.
am sure our own people will
not misunderstood nor will the world
misconstrue. We have no thought
TO impede the paths to closer rcia-
tionship. We wish to promote un-
derstanding. We want TO do our
part in making offensive warfare so
hateful that governments and peo-
pies VINO resort tn II must prove the
righteousness OF their cause or stand
as outlaws before the bar of civili-
zation.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
HARDlNC'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS

Washington. March AIR. Hard
ing In his inaugural address, said:
My cOuntrymen, when one sur
veys the world about him after the
C:eat storm, noting the marks of de-
aruction and yet rejoicing i'm the
ruggedness Of the rhings which
withstood 1t. If he is an American
he breathes the clarified atmosphere
with strange mingling of regret
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09

public. This is not selfshness. 1t is
sanctity. 1t is not aloofness, it is Sc
curity. 1t is not suspicion of others,
it is patriotic adherence to the things
which made us what we are.
To-day, better than ever before,
We know the aspirations of human
kind and share them. We have
come to q new realization of our
place in the world and new ap-
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09

has turned to the arbtrament of
arms until reason had been exhaust
ed. When the governments Of earth
shall have established a freedom like
our own and shall have sanctioned
the pursuit OF peace as we have
practiced il. l believe the last sor-
row and the final sacrifice of inter-
national warfare will have been writ
Ten
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
AM GRIFFIN
ELECTROCUTED

)umbia. March Adam Grit
pc negro convict who killed
Sox. OF Lexington county.
on the state farm In Sumter
was electrocuted at the state
AIRY today. file confessed the
"a Implicated Joe Watson.
VT at large.
Boss. Use guilty. hut be-
didn't do II myself" he
pked II he had a final
make. Asked if Joe
|Ar convict. was guilty
4ir. Boss. he helped
>nted, however that
1klrd convict. now
iScted with the
npcd from the
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
Trade Tics Bind Closely.

I'VE must understand that ties of
trade bind nations in closest inti-
macy and none may receive except
as he gives. We have not STRENGTH
cned ours in accordance with our re-
sources or our genius. notably on Our
own continent. Where "A galaxy of
republics reflect the C'rS II new
world democracy, but i'm the new or
der OF finance and trade we mean
TO promote. enlarge activities and
seek expanded confidence.
perhaps we can make no more
helpful contribution by example than
prove republics capacity TO emerge
from the wreckage OF war, while the
worlds cmbittcred travail did not
leave us devastated lands nor desc
lated cities left no gaping wounds,
no breast with hate. 1t did involve
US i'm the deliiAum Of expenditure, i'm
expanded currency and credits, in un-
balanced ind 4try, in unspeakab.e
waste and sturbed relationships.
uyH1lils it und gered, our portion of
w sslf5 - at hok1cIaik also
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09

I'VE can reduce the abnormal ex-
penditures and we will. We can
strike at war taxation and we must
We must face the grim necessity,
with full knowledge that the task is
to be solved, and we must proceed
with full realization that no statute
enacted by man can repeal the in
exorable laws of nature. Our most
dangerous tendency is to expect too
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09

ciHilizatiOn to all mankind. Let US
express renewed and strengthened
devotion. in grateful reverence for
the immoral beginning. ani Utter
our confidence IN the supreme full
tillment.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-03-09
Unity of Spirit and Purpose

"Out of such universal service wifi
come new unity of s, irit and pur-
pose, new confidence and consecra =
ton which would make our defense
imprcGnahle, our triumph assIre |.
Then we should have little or no
diSorganiZation of our economic. in
dustrial and commercial systems at
nome, no staggering war debts. no
swollen fortunes to hout the sacii-
hcea OF our soldiers, no excuac for Sc
ditlon, no pitiable s!ackerism, no
outrages OF treason. Envy and jeal-
ousy would have no soil for their
menacing development and revolu-
ton would be without the passion
which engendcrs il.
"A regret Tor the mistakes of yes
terday must not, however. blind us
to the tasks of today. War never left
such an aftermath. There has been
staggering loss OF life, and measure
less wastage of materials. Nations
are still cropping for return to stable
ways. Discouraging Indebtedness
confronts us like all the war torn
nations, and these obligations muA
be provided for. No civilization ca)
survive reputation, ,Aa....~....--..l