davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

Schools arc privately supported
though publicly supervised. Since The
British occupation many Arab schools
teach English. Jewish schools all teach
English and sometimes teach Arabian,
which ia also q Semitic language, and
to Hebrew what German is to English.
The religious and racial differences
will take a long time to bridge, but
good and neighbor]y relations have
been demonstrated as possible in the
immediate present.
The presence Of only 10000 Jews in
the land Of their historic claim is proof
of the difficult conditions with which
they have to contend. The political
hostility Of The Arabs, the slowness
with which reclamation Of land can
proceed, the difficult conditions Of EN-
ployment all combine to make the
promise of zionism slow Of fultilIn1ent.
The bitter disillusioning truth about
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

ing this island as naval station Of
the first rank the American people
would do much to relieve themselves
Of anxiety as to their future in the
western Pacific; for no power would
venture to modest the Philippines
while u strong American fleet in
being was based at Guam, only 1,500
miles away. On the other hand, lack
ing Notifications, docks, magazines
and the other appurtenances of
great naval base, the island would
not only be useless as point d'npp7si,
but must fall into the enemy's hands.
The fate of the Philippines is thus
indissolubly connected with that Of
Guam. We may, indeed, go further
and say that the issue of an Ameri-
can-Japanese war would primarily be
decided by the fate Of Guam"
1t is obvious from these candid re-
marks that Mr.. Bywater feels that the
United States has committed gross
military blunder in not developing and
fortifying Apra Harbor. We hold the
key to the defense Of our Pacific from
tier and are letting it, slip out Of our
hands. 1t is equally obvious why
Japan is eager to impose limitation
on the fortiacation of Guam and the
Philippines-the real Objective of this
maneuver being TO hold Guam down
TO it's present status Of unprotected
coaiing station. sA
The Allied Supreme Council! assigned
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11
Acid Test of Hopes of Jews
Confronts Them i'm New Zion
Gift, Hardly Wrung Is Even More Difficult to Hold
Consists of Strips Along the Desert. Exposed
to Maraudings of Tribes

!, tions of the land ars available by this
method--strips along the desert, exs
posed to tho maraudings Of desert
tribes; low lying tracts from which the
peasant has been driven Off BY malaria,
occasional estates sacrificed by bank
rupt eifendis, who have then turned
their resentment to political uses--it
is no land of pleasance that the Jew
finds In this new Zion. 1t affords the
acid test for the Jewish ssprant 60
nationality, the proof of his willing
bricks without straw, the almost hope
less task of making state out Of re-
claimed waste.
Naturally this is task for young
men. The old religious pilgrim. who
came to spend his last few years In
mist of worship and ecsasy, blind to
the squasor around him, comes scarce
ly any more. 1t is the young, who
mean to live there, who come now
ready to revitalise with their strength
that old. tired land.
For fifty years the Zionist organiza-
tion has been sending colonists into
Palestine. First went the Hebraists,
who believed devoutly in the possibility
Of reviving the ancient glories of the
Ark and the Covenant; then, fifteen
years later, went the Romanticists, who
followed the current of the Jewish
back -to-theland movement to Pales-
tine, believing that the Jew could sink
his memories of ghettos and expul-
sions in simple idyllic return to the
homeland. But these now are repre-
sented by colonists Of different sort
/ since the Balfour declaration. These
are the Jews who, rebelling at the in
tolerable political structures of eastern
Europe, have come to desire national
existence above everything. They are
the political-minded ones who look to
8 realistic as well as theoretic Zion.
In this new conception the old religious
significance of Zion has been wiped out.
Every shade of religious belief, and
freedom from belief, Is represented in
these new colonists. They come, like
most of the refugees to-dav, from the
heavily trodden borders of Austria and
Poland and Rumania, but they are colo
rists of a different stamp-they come
from the professional class or the cul-
tivated middle class--emigrants from
! choice, not necessity.
Knowing that only the hardest man
ual labor and the most meager condi-
tions of life await them in Palestine
they have made an aristocracy of their
reversed conditions. The 10000 who
have come to Palestine since The war
have organized themselves in an asso-
citation called the Pioneers. Nearly all
fitted themselves for All agricultural
| life This is the kind of life Zionism
hopes ultimately to afford all who come
to Palestine. But in the urgent pres
ent, while no land Is available, the
Pioneers have organized themselves In
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

The japanese idea was deftly con
veyed the other day by Mr.. Masonari
Ito, correspondent in Washington q
the Toxic "Jiji SAimpo." In dispatch
published in 1.-THE Evening Post" of
December + ne wrote.
CAS- it is conducive for The rainten'
ance of peace not 30 erect the far aa-
vanced naval bases, it is theoretically
proper that the equipment in Guam and
the Philippines should be abolished. 4
it is practicable, reduction and restrio
ton may rightly be considered: IN
other words. docks, piers, repairing
works, mooring places, water works and
breakwaters should not be further g.
tended. The fixed equipment should
thus be restricted to the present scale
at least, but at the same time aaY
storage Of ammunition or other wa
like supplies must be removed for the
sake Of effective realization OF the Ps
cifc peace, TINS eliminating oRenstye
measured and a war menace"
Were conditions ct al equal In tn
western Pacific cessation of FORTH
cation on both sides woald not be un-
reasonable. But conditions are strig
ingly unequal. The United States car
not undertake naval offensive agains1
Japan. The odds would be too strong
against it. On the other hand, Japan
under the present ratio or under tbc
new ratio, could assume the offensive
if she cared to do so, with every chance
of success,
The American attitude must continps
to be purely defensive. There is al
the more reason, consequently. fer
strengthening our defensive positicn
and fo~ developing the possibilities c1
Guam. Il was disastrous oversigfs
at Paris which allowed the fornasF
German owned islands in the Pacific
north Of the equator to pass to Japan
even under mandate. That blundef
still further weakened our position. 10
unutiIized would be to repeat the NV
son blunders at Paris
Our political control OF the Phiiip
pines commits US merely to their pro
lection. II protecting them on thei'
own coasts and in their own wsters >
too great task for cur navy, ss mos
naval strategists think il is, we can s.
least give them the long distance pro
lection that would come from naking
the most, in a defensive way only O.
the admirable naval base at Guam
Such q program Is not in any sens'
inimical to Japan, OF tn the purposes
of the Hughes plan for the limitation
Of offensive naval armament. Scrap
ping Of capital ships and naval buiia
ing holiday leave the participants y
the Washington conference perfec''s
free to pursue policy of iegitimass
selt-defenxes
q. a.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

gusrdcd by naval force or not 1T eli.
And, as the lack Of a well-found fleet
base near at hand puts effective naval
protection out OF the question for the
time being, the islands would doubt
less fall an easy prey to Japan in case
OF war with the United States. Those
who endeavor to investigate the
strategical problems to which a conflict
would give rise must experience feel
ing Of amazement at the failure Of the
United States to take the most ele-
mentary precautions against the loss
OF the Philippines"
Admiral Niblack figured out not long
ago the consumption Of ccal and oil
by fleet of thirty battleships, twenty
large cruisers, forty destroyers, twenty
colliers and the repair ship Vestal
making leisurely voyage from PAN
anna TO Manila by wav Of Magdale ma
Bay, Honolulu, Midway and Guam. The
coal capacity of the fleet was 248 900
tons and the total oil capacity $4,000
tons. But the coal consumption on the
way out was 2A2,2O0 tons end the oil
consumption 4l,S0o TONS leaving $500
tons of coal and 3,400 tons Of oil as a
surplus on arrival at Manila. In order
to move away from Manila coal and
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11
ericas Strategic Position in the Western Pacific Is Wea

miles from the Aieutians to Hawaii and
thence 2,310 miles to Tutuila in the
Samoan group.
The United States has no intention
of giving up it's Pacific possessions.
Hawaii is territory on the same level
with Alaska Talk about turning the
Philippines adrift ended with the Will
son Administration. The findings of
the Wood Forbes commission have been
accepted by the Administration as
American policy. There is little
chance Of a change in the status Of
the islands for many years to come.
But if we are to retain the Philippines
in our domain it is our duty to de-
fend them. And the best way TO de-
! fend them and t. secure our communi-
cations with them is to develop naval
base st Guam.
! Americans generally do not realize
the present vulnerability of our Pacific
frontier should Japan, by any posi-.
| bility, decide to attack it. AS her navy
stands now, and as it would stand un-
der the 5-5-3 ratio, she could not very
we'll harm US on this side of the Pa
cific. But the Philippines and Guam
are close TO her operating bases and
she could bring to bear under existing
conditions, or under the new ratio,
much larger naval and military forces
in that region than we could.
Hector c. Bywater, the English naval
constructor and naval critic, has
frankly set forth the weaknesses OF
our strategic position in the western
! Pacific. In his recent book, "Sca
Power in the Pacific" he says, discuss
ing the defenseless condition Of the
Philippines:
'Of the three naval bases on the
! hillipines-Cavite, Olongapo and
! Pollcc--none is properly equipped for
the repair and maintenance OF ships.
Csvite is to be developed moder-
ately'--according TO the naval Sec
| retary's report for 1920-whiie the
other two stations are ultimately TO
be abandoned. 1t will be seen, there
fore, that nowhere in the archipel-
ago does there exist a base capable
great fleet; nor up to the end of
1920 were there anv facilities for the
| storage of coal, oil, provisions or
| ammunition in the vast quantities
required by modern fleet. If the
Pacific feet visited the Philippines
it would have to bring with it every
thing it needed in the way of fuel
and stores, and once there it must
rely on its own repair ships to make
good any damage or defects. There
are no defenses worth the name at
Cavite. The old batteries erected by
the Spaniards have not beer recon
strueted on modern principles and
except for few quick-firing guns
the station could offer no resistance
to a hostile squadron"
Philippines at Disposal
/ of Jaran, Says IT, s.
Mr. Bywater quotes ths following
passage from a letter written to him
by "a distinguished American naval
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

units to build roads and perform many
other urgent public services Of sani-
tation and Improvement in Palestine.
The British government has ac-
cepted their services, and pays them
the army wage for the work. The
Zionist association adds something to
this, and thus they are enabled to
carry their families with them, living
in tents in kind of gypsy encamp-
ments along the line of construction.
With this volunteer labor several valu~
able roads have been built through the
interior Of Palestine, and from the in
terror TO the sea. Hard macadam roads
from Haifa to Jerusalem, from Tiber-
ius to Haifa, and from Jaffs to Jeru-
salem were built in this way.
DR.. Sokolow sketched vividiy the
difference between the old Palestine
and the new, and though it was not
Biblical Palestine that he sketched
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

&c Japan. under mandate, the Caro-
line Islands, the Pelew Islands, the
Marianne Islands Guam excepted and
the Marshall Islands. This award was
made in com mpliance with war agree
lnents among the other principal pow
ers prior to our entry into tho war.
Guam has thus been surrounded by a
Gordon OF possible Japanese naval
bases. The Marshall group lies to the
southeast of It, the Caroline group to
the south and the pelew group to the
southwest.
Japan has no right az 81 mandatory
80 fortify any Of thcse islands. Ac-
cording to the sixth paragraph OF Ar
ticle % of the League of Nations cove
nant, they are to be administered as
integral portions of Japan's territory,
but subject TO certain safeguards
enumerated in the preceding fifth
paragraph. These include prevention
Of the establishment of Notifications
or military or naval bases and Of train
ing Of the natives tor other than police
purposes and defense Of territory" MIR.
Bywatcr treats these restrictions
lightly, though he acknowledges their
existence. Hessays: "That she (Japan)
would forego the use of such inval.
liable bases in case Of emergency Is not
to be believed"
I Tho United States controls tho east
fern half OF the Pacific. It's domain
extends into the western half to within
few hundred miles of the China Goa st
Yet there is strong body Of opinion
in Japan which still thinks of the
United States only as a trans Pacitic
power and looks forward to the time
when the Philippines will be aban-
doned, Guam and Hawaii aiienated OF
neutralized and our Western frontier
again be made identical with the
Pacific coast.
Professor Yoshi s. Kuno, Of the Uni
versity Of California, Is a liberal, SO
far as concerns Japanese domestic
politics, and frank critic of Japan's
recent, policies in Corea and China
But in his recent book, "What Japan
Wants." he exploits the idea that the
fertilization of any Of our. Pacific
l,islands is in itself threat to japan
even though we have never protested
against Japan fortifying her own
islands. He goes so far. as to say:
"With the exception of few mill.
tarists the people Of Japan are united
In wanting all nations to remove all
fortiications from their insular pos.
sessions on the Pacific, SO that this
ocean. may become in reality what Ii
is already in name, truly peaceful
Esea.'
. "Ail nations in this sentence mus.
mean "all nations except Japan" for
uobod7 has ever heard Of a proposal
on Japan's part to demolish her own
homo fortifcatione
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

Z I'd -@CLt ~ AN IL - 1iIi@N ~ a'GNoi
r. limitation program aims at re-
ducing tho offensive capacity of
the American, British and jap
anese navies. Oceans separate the
aomelands Of three chief sea powers.
J sace among them is made more Sc
IRE If none OF them can maintain ar
overseas offensive against another.
the limitation put on capital ships
would greatly lessen. and perhaps alto
getheT remove, the danger Of naval
descent on our Atlantic or Pacific
cosst. on Jpan's coast or on Great
aritain's. The United States gladly
sccepts the proposed restr ction or
offensive naval power because it has
20 wish to conduct an overseas naval
o1ensive. 1t has never planned one or
quipped itself for one. 1t has built a
modern navy solely for defense-as q
natter OF national insurance.
5-5~3 Plan Is in Liun
With Nom Aggression Policy
The Hughes 5-5-3 ratio and the ten
year naval construction holiday are in
Inc with cur policy of non aggression
q must remain on the defensive. In
he Pacific, particularly. our strategic
position constrains as to DO So The
hughes plans do not seek TO interfere
With the proper development Of a
British defensive or Japanese de.
1enslve. Japan's strength in the west
efn Pacific, considering ships, bases
asad~anee Of communication, IS already
superior TO ours and will remain su-
perior- 1t is rubbing it in, therefore,
Ior Japan to raise the question Of de-
fDnsivs land Qualifications of our
Sac'fic islands and to ask Us to forego
She development of Guam as defensive
base in return for an scquiescence In
the perfectly equitable 5-5-3 fest ratio.
Many Americans undoubtedly still
think that Pacific coast tine consti-
tutes our western boundary. The
Japansse would like to have our gov
ernment think so. They were taken
aoack when we annexed Hawaii In 1898.
They became uneasy when we acquired
Guam and the Philippines in 1899 Posses
lon Of Hawaii, Guam aud the Philip
pines, as we'll as the Aleutian Islands.
Midway Islands and Wake Island and
part Of Samoa, has made Us In the
fall sense a Pacific power. This ex-
pansion westward has brought advan-
sages. 1t has slao enfailed liabilities.
instead Of the Pacific coast line, com
parativeIy easy to defend, we have now
8 western frontier which runs $500
miles southwest from Bering Sea to
Guam and thence 1900 miles west
20 the Philippine archipelago. Our
iarst defensive line has been carried to
fhs other side Of the Pacific. Our
aseoasE runs almost due south 2,oa7
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

for background, it might have been TO
all intents and purposes.
There was then no railroad communi-
cation between Egypt and Palestine.
He travelled by an ancient sea route
in an equally ancient type of Levan-
tine brig from Port Said TO Jaffa. The
journey took twelve days. Now rail
way, equipped with the most modern
European cars, makes the journey
from Port Said to Kantara, in Pales-
tine, in fourteen hours. Long cara
vans of camels, carrying their imme-
mortal cargoes Of dates and wine and
oil, packed after an immemorial fash
ion, crawled imperceptibly over these
roads making their endless journeys
from the interior to tho seaport. Now
motor truck lines between Haifa and
Damascus, between Tiberius and
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11

~ ONE OF the great romantic ma
N tional causes are passing out
/ n Ireland is In the way of hccom-
ing free state and the Jews
now have their Palestine. No one is
sorry TO see these old wrongs go--and
she Versailles Treaty has assured us
3 new crop anyway~-but world with
ont these two great instigations will
conspicuously lack the rhetorical brill
lance Of the old.
What the Irish will do with their
free state remains to be seen. What
the Jews have done toward founding
their new Zion is being told by Nahum
ScSolow, chairman of the executive
committee of the World Zionist As
sociation, which administers Jewish
Palestine under the British protector
ate, who is here ss spokesman for the
modern Jewish state. Dr.. Sokolow is
editor Of the leading Hebrew daily in
tie world, "Hacesirah," published in
Warsaw. He aided in drawing up the
Balfour declaration by which, after
twenty-five hundred years of expatria-
ton, third interest in Palestine WAS
ceded back to tho Jews.
Palestine Now Is
A Tri-Partite State
Palestine now is tripaitite state.
governed equally by the British, Arabs
and Jews. English, Arabian and He
brew are the official languages spoken
and written IN public proclamations,
and the official calendar, carefully man
aged not to collide with any of the re-
fgious observances OF Christian,
Moslem or Jew, proceeds at the spas
mode pace of u subway local.
Jerusalem consists of the ancient
vailed city and sn outlying surburb
o. brick and stucco villas. The old
city, huilded deep on the ruins Of its
former magnifcence, running through
narrow, crooked, swarming streets, is
ouatered off in a traditional division
Of the city made by the Turks hun
ared or more years ago in recognition
OF the claim of Jews, Gentiles and
Moslem to look upon Jerusalem as
their spiritual capital. Outside the
walled city there is no official quarter
ing.
To understand the conditions which
The Jew faces in his new Zion it is
necessary to know that when the Brit
ish declaration gave Palestine back to
the Jews it had no land to give them
It was chiefly gift of its good will
en inexpensive offer of official recogni-
ton to the Jewish element in the
population and of the right Of Jews
to immigrate there up to the acity
Of the land to support them. What
ever land the Jews may desire they
must acquire by purchase from the
present Arab landholders when that is
available.
This gift, so hardly wrung, appears
70 be even more difficult to hole
Naturally only the less desirable por-
New-York tribune., 1921-12-11
ZEN they arc welcome TO coma.

then they arc welcome TO corn.
For pledge on the money the zo~...
organization holds out the proraise ~.
Palestine may be made to yield m,s.
times in corn and oil and win. ,va..
it does now under the primitive A,.a
ian methods Of cultivation. The ,,os
ern agricultural stations maintains
by the Zionist bureaus have dem,,
strated that many crops not ind;esna,,
to the land can be grown there Tb,-
assert that with the amazing vsy;etr
of climate that exists in that sn.,s
strip OF country any kind Of crop mar
be made 10 grow thore. II it will not
grow in one place it will grow in an
other.
The methods Of the Jewish agricul.
| turists and their utilization OF modern
machinery have already more thar
doubled the productivity of the land
! The Arab land owners, observing thes.
experiments, have profited By them ana
improved their own primitive methods
Of culture. But the Jewish imraigrs.
tion has had an unlocked for result II
the attitude Of the feIlahin, the peas.
ANTS of the country, toward the land
owners. With the offer Of better
wages. with the extension Of their o.
portunities for employment, they havs
revolted agains. their former peonags
| Grudge Of Land Owners Is
Fostered by lntrigues
This is the real basis of the grie,.
ance OF the Arab cffendis, the land
owners. against the Jews. This grudgs,
fostered by the political intrigues ir
French Syria, has grown TO the pro,
portions of which the pogroms last
May are the significant indications.
It has been the less widely pub
iished part Of Sokolow's mission 70
secure such guarantees Of American
friendliness that the handful of Zionist
colonists will be heartened TO go Oh.
Academic az President Harding's ss-
surances last week of friendliness ma,
seem to us here. they have an ex-
traordinary Significance in Palestine
They will serve, Zionists feel certain,
to stiffen the British hand of authority
on recalcitrant natives and 70 stids
the instigations which proceed from
French Syria.
OF the art which viii proceed fron
this latest movement in the age-Ione
guest of the Jew It is too soon II
speak. In Palestine the Zionists hav'
cast off the jargon. A dialect Of Sc
phardic Hebrew, augmented with
| modern vocabulary grammar and /;
syntax, is the language Of Palestine
BY it vigorous modern journalism i
carried on. a theater is in contempls
/ ton.
Quite justifiably, The pioneer in zic,
feels his enterprise more difficult thai
that of the American pioneer, who's
problem was the comparatively simpl
one of material hardship. That is VII.
he looks confidently this way for help