davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-02-20

dence that We subsequently obtained
showed that high-power radio stations
within our borders had been constantly
engaged in the transmission of unneu
trail message
The Navy Department now owns and
operates eight high power radio stations
of the first rank. capable of effective
communication with European, Asiatic
and South American countries Also
there is a complete chain of coastal sta
tions as well as radio compass stations.
which, according to the Secretary. would
serve admirably the interests of the
growing merchant marine as we'll as
those of naval communication.
with the government in control of
radio as competitor of the cables
said the Secretary. There would he
every assurance that cable rates would
be just and reasonable. and we should
also have every reason to believe that
competition would be secure, in the sup
ply of important radio material. which
would not be the case if companies now
engaged in the manufacture of material
should become interested in the joint
ownership and operation of radio sta
tionS."
Evening star., 1921-02-20
SUPREM COURTS so ORDERED"
PHRASE FINAL AMONG LAWYERS
Famous Butler Case One of Rare Incidents
When Highest Tribunal Has Agreed
to Rehearing.

is told that Gen. Butler himself hesi-
tated to take up the question of r
rehearing, especially since the formal
motion had been denied, but, upon
reading the record in the case. he de-
termined that the highest American
court should not be permitted to rest
under the false construction it had
promul gated.
"If your honoEs will read my brief.
am certain you will be inclined to
thank me-" he is said to have re-
piled when the bench called his at
tention to the violation of practice
If not of clear ethics-he was making.
The court read the brief and volun-
tarily reversed itself.
income Tax Suits Famous.
The second outstanding incident
was that of the original suits over
the federal income tax. heard in 1895.
The first judgment upheld the act
partially, but declared it invalid in
respect to certain important classes
of property. William d. Guthrie. Of
counsel for the interests fighting the
statute, presented a petition for re-
hearing, although his associates are
said to have argued strongly that "he
let well enough alone.
To their surprise the court granted
the rehearing and finally reversed
itself in part by declaring the entire
act unconstitutional 1t was this de-
cision which led directly to enactment
of the sixteenth amendment, giving
Congress the power to levy a tax on
all income, no matter from what
source derived. The amendment did
away with the constitutional restric-
tion which forbade the imposition of
a direct tax unless it was apportioned
in each state according to population.
Rule ON Rehearfngs.
The rule of the court on rehearings,
as stated by Chief Justice Taney in
1852, is simple. No rehearing would
Evening star., 1921-02-20
SEVEN NAVY SEAPLANES SCARE
CARIBBEAN ISLE INHABITANTS
u. S. Fliers Stop in Harbor Where Natives
Say It costs Nothing to Live
Heat Free, Too.

credible sweetness remarked upon-were
pressed upon them at forty cents hum
dred.
Cost OF Living "NOthing..
Yams. papaya, mangoes, fruits which
were strange to the eye and enhancing
to the palate. were offered at absurd
prices. One destroyer spent $40 and
loaded itself with food Of every sort
Chickens were worth so cents Column
bian, which is about 25 cents American
They were fairly fat chickens, too,
which is an oddity in the tropics.
what does it cost a man to live
here?" one inquiring economist asked a
native.
"Why-nothing," said the wondering
native.
But the sea fiiers only thought of Old
Providence as place of sunny torment
in which they had been marooned by
hideous fate.
Gee" they reported. I'VE were glad
to get away
Evening star., 1921-02-20
MONACO MOST.NOT
OF TINY COUNTRIES
Small Principality Has Entertained as
High as 100000 in Year-Riches
From Gaming.
From Gaming.

What is the smallest country in the
world?
THAT depends upon the angle from
which you view the question. There
are small principalities tucked under
the wings of sheltering governments.
republics which owe part of their
suzernainty to- a bishop. and grand
duchies," says a National Geographic
Society bulletin.
Monaco, with it's eight square miles
of territory. perched three hundred
feet above the Mediterranean in the
heart of the Riviera, is the smallest
principality. 1t is the best known
and the most visited, for it contains
the world-noted lure of Monte Carlo.
From Hercules to Fortuna.
'"The little country has a checkered
and interesting history. Its beginning
dates TO the days Of Hercules. almost
1000 years before the birth of Christ
How paradoxical that this hero. who
accomplished we'll nigh insurmounta-
BILE obstacles by sheer physical labor
should have been even the traditional
founder of a state whose whole reve
nue. is obtained from games of
chance,
"Theodoric the Great seems to have
been the only one of the great Euro
pean conquerors who gave the little
country any respite from wars which
continuously harassed it. And his
charm as a man may have been the
influence which gave the people he
conquered their TOLERANCE for those
who risk their all on gamble. for it
is said of him that he had the most
delightful manners at dice. If Theo-
doric loses. he laughs. he is modest
and reticent if he wins"
Modern figures show that the in
dustries and trade of Monaco are un-
important in comparison to it's reve
nue. from the gaming tables. During
1913 there were nearly 1000, 900 visit
ors in the principality for it's $4,000
population to take care of.
Until 1911 the prince of the country
was an absolute ruler, but in that
year he gave his subjects a constitu-
tion. which provides for a national
council elected by the people.
San MarinO Smallest Republic.
Monaco has a close second in di-
minutiveness. and a rival in the claim
of age, in the independent republic
of San Marino. which is the smallest
republic in the world. Surrounded by
Italy. which respects its autonomy,
this republic rears it's thirty -eight
square miles of territory to point
250O feet above sea level. Its found?
er San Marino. came from Arbe in
the fourth century to aid the op-
pressed Christians build the stone
walls of the city of Rimini. Born of
his desire for peace, solitude and SIM
plicity of living, these qualities have
Evening star., 1921-02-20
MARINE CORPS

The selective board, of which Gen.
Neville is president, formed for the
purpose of establishing a precedence
list of all officers, holding temporary
commissions, with a view to offering
them permanent commissions. is eN-
pected to render a report within the
next few days. The board is deter
mining which officers will be tender
ed commissions, and VIII establish a
way by which applicants will be
graded from captains TO lieutenants.
The completion of the boards work
will be welcome news to many tenn
porary officers.
Evening star., 1921-02-20

CONTINUED from First Page.)
light saving law But the farmers
would not stand for it, and the law
Some municipalities and states con-
tinued with statutes and regulations
of their own, however.
During the war. the government un-
dertook to regulate many activities
which had not previously been at
rents in the National Capital New
York state undertook the same thing,
and while neither was entirely sue
cessful in the venture. the very at
tempt indicates that the people when
aroused will not stand for "profiteer-
ing" a phrase. by the way, which
came into general use during the war
With such an array of precedents in
the way OF government regulation, it
would be folly to believe that the ten
dency VIII hait Other regulatory
laws are sure to follow, in the opinion
of students of the question. And this
Notwithstanding the protests of those
who insist upon the rights Of the in
dividual and the desirability of keep
ing the government out of business.
Regulation of Labor.
that will come over government regu-
lation is over the regulation of labor.
designed to prevent tie-ups in the
distribution of necessities of life. II
was only the other day that Samuel
Gompers. president of the American
Federation of Labor. warned the SEN
ate manufactures committee during
its hearings on the Calder coal bill
that if an amendment is not adopted.
exempting from the operation of the
bill labor. organized labor, will fight
the measure tooth and toe nail.
Those who are friendly to labor
and who at the same time believe
that something should be done to
prevent public disasters due to
strikeS-such as a general railroad
strike would bring-are inclined to
believe that bill of rights" should
be written into all the regulatory
acts so far as they relate to labor.
For instance. 1t is proposed that such
| a bill of rights shall provide for an
eight-hour day. for a living wage,
etc.
Evening star., 1921-02-20
National Horsebreedins Vital.

Now that the Army has been in
strumental in successfully advocating
federal horsebreeding for many years,
with the rsult that the present show
ing is bringing a return to the gov
ernment if from to 10 per cent on
the investment, the request of the re-
mount service for an appropriation of
$3.50, 900 to increase this work has been
cut by the House to 100000, an
amount. which Army officials say is
quite inadequate to meet the nation
wide request from farmer organiZa-
tions and horse breeders, who by pay
ing a nominal stud fee of $40. which
reverts to the United States Treasury
have been able. so far as the supply
of Army studs go, to breed their
mares from government stallians,
costing an average of $1,000 each. The
fee ordinarily would cost them in
stead of $40 sums ranging from $3.50
to $500. One of the objects behind
federal horsebreeding is to provide
the country with a suitable cavalry
during the war a serious shortage.
Today, it is said, this type of animal
is almost extinct in America.
According to Maj. Charles l.. Scott
who has charge of the distribution of
federal breeding stations. he has only
125 stations available to meet a ma
tional demand, which last year called
for 500. Furthermore he says, that
young stations must be produced to
meet the future needs of the coun-
try Now that farmers and horse
breeders are back of the project and
are becoming more enthusiastic IN
horsebreeding. it is hoped by advo-
Gates that when final action is taken
by the Senate appropriations commit
tee the amount of S250,000 asked for
be not cut to a point where it will
put a damper on present breeding
plans and make difficult it's future
revivemen
Evening star., 1921-02-20

work, the time necessary to extract
the names of such specialists from
nearly $4,000 names takes less than
five minutes, or not more than fifteen
minutes before they reach the desk of
the Quartermaster general. The next
step taken i'm the system is the eXami-
nation of detailed record card, which
gives an analysis of each officers
training and special qualifications
over his own signature. The third
step shows the history file with per-
formance and recommendations of an
officer prior to and since his entry
into the service.
Judging from letters received by Gen.
Rogers from former emergency officers,
it is his belief that large percentage of
shown by increased efficiency due to
their war experience. In order to re
ceive the benefit of added knowledge
gained by reserve officers in their pres
ent occupation and to create a further
interest. the Quartermaster Corps is
preparing to mail an annual question
naire to it's reserve officers SO that an
officer record may be kept up to date
Any change in an officers line of work
will be noted by him in his reply to the
QUESTIONABLE. He will also be invited
to send suggestions and recommended
tions for the furtherance of his corps
The system as operated by the Quarter
master Corps is meeting with favora BILE
comment from reserve officers who are
detailed in Washington. in order to as
sist in the organization of the Army.
Had this plan been in operation during
the war the chances of placing round
pegs in square holes would have been
minimimezd.
Evening star., 1921-02-20
Conditions in u. S. Patent Office
a Menace to American Industry

same rate during the pendency of the
Nolan bill. This bill passed the House
of Representatives without amendment.
The Senate has amended the salaries to
the principal examiners and clerks to
such an extent as to make the bill wholly
inadequate for the present situation. 1t
decreased the salary of primary exam
iners to $500. This figure is shown to
be inadequate. not only by the evidence
above referred to. but also by the fact
that the prospect of the bill becoming
law with this salary in it has not. in
the least, stemmed the tide of resigna-
tionS.
The Senate and House both referred
the bill to a conference committee TO
adjust their differences. Representa-
tives of the Federated Engineering
Council and of many organizations
represented therein. representing over
so. 900 engineers, appeared before the
conference committee at a hearing
held the first week in January, which
also was attended by representatives
of many other organizations. and
urged that the figures of the bill be
restored to the condition in which
they passed the House of Representa-
tIves and that the bill be Immediately
enacted into law.
X
Although this is a time for great
economy, it would be false economy to
measure of relief provided in this bill.
1T is because American inventors are
constantly improving and cheapening
our processes of manufacture and de-
viSing automatic machinery to replace
la bor, as well as producing inventions
to serve new purposes never before
accomplished, that We have been able
to maintain our great prosperity and
pay our workmen wages that enable
them to enjoy the highest scale OF
living of any country and to success
fully meet foreign competition, while
at the same time comforting DEMENT'S
on the entire world.
With our patent system working
normally, many inventions Will be
produced every year, which, IN the
income of our country that the re-
turns from income taxes viii be much
larger with the patent Office properly
supported than without it. Therefore,
to deny the patent office the needed
relief would not be an economy, but
a waste
The Europeon countries have been
taught by the war to be at the tip
toe of efficiency, and they already are
strengthening their patent systems.
We must either maintain our patent
system in efficient operation or we
shall ultimately not only lose our adj
vantage over other countries, but also
will have to reduce our scale of living
to theirs.
Moreover, the Nolan bill provides the
funds for it's own increases of eX-
penses by an increase in the fees
charged for obtaining patent from
S35 to s45. The patent office is and
always has been more than self-sus-
tanning. 1t has now a credit on the
books of the Treasury Department oe
over s10.000.000 that has been denied
to the patent office and turned into
the general fund. The patent. office
should have the proposed relief and
have it quickly.
Evening star., 1921-02-20
Need Progressive Policy.

Notwithsta nding the fact that the
House recently recommended reduc-
ton in the number of enlisted men
to 100, 900 and the marines to 10000,
officers of the Navy and Marine Corps
are gratified that no reduction is con-
templated in commissioned personnel.
They believe the significance of this
action by Congress points to the gen.
eral attitude of the country toward
a stable policy of preparedness, con-
sistent with the existing conditions
in world affairs. It is pointed out
that a progressive policy will stimu-
late the interest of reservists, that
necessary adjunct of the Navy, the
citizen sailor, who represented during
the war more than 100000 men and
10000 officers.
Evening star., 1921-02-20
Fuel OIL Situation.

A recent report from the Secretary of
the Navy reveals the fact that although
the United States produces more than so
per cent of the total oil production I'VE
still require the importation of millions
of barrels of crude oil to fill our de-
mands for home consumption" and that,
in the face of increasing domestic de-
mand, cit is probable that consumption
viii continue to increase faster than pro-
duction and that it will always be neces-
sary for us to import oil to meet our
requirements The report further re-
veals that the Navy uses only a small
part of the fuel oil produced in the Unit
ed States, the present daily consumption
being about one-third of the quantity
used by one of the large transcon-
tinentaI railroads. The Secretary advo-
Gates the laying of an embargo on the
expectation of petroleum and coal,
which, he says. should be regarded in
the light of public utilities and not be
permitted to be exploited for private
gain"
Evening star., 1921-02-20
NATIONAL GUARD

Advance regulations relative to
band leaders which have been ap-
proved by the War Department. and
are to be included in the revised edi-
ton of National Guard regulations.
have been distributed to the states
These regulations provide that in
time of peace the appointment of war
rant officers in the National Guard
will be limited to band leaders. Un-
til Congress shall have provided
funds for the payment of warrant
officers and fixed the rate of pay for
armory drill, band leaders will be
appointed as master sergeants, and
will be paid accordingly for both en-
campment service and armory drills.
Unless especially authorized by the
militia bureau for reasons duly pre-
sented and considered. no band leader
will be recognized who is less than
twenty-five or more than fifty years
of age at the time of original ap-
pointment. The militia bureau in
vites attention to the fact that until
Congress shall provide suitable legis-
Iation no members of the National
Guard can receive pay as warrant Of
ficers, and that band leaders appoint
ed as master sergeants will be en-
titled to pay as master Sergeants un-
der the provisions Of National Guard
regulations.
Under the law it has been estimated
that the average cost of a member
of the National Guard is $3.50 a year
for maintenance only. An appropria-
ton of $23,934,10 will cover the main
tenance cost of approximately $4,000
national guardsmen. The National
Guard now in actual existence, plus
the increment required by July l to
reach sixtyfive men for each COM
pany, will amount to approximately
10000 men. In the meantime new
National Guard organizations are con-
stantly being presented for federal
recognition. The strength of 10000
ought to, be reached by the National
Guard even though no other new
units are recognized between now and
June 30. The appropriation. as con-
tanned in the bill, for a force not to
sufficient to provide for the present
National Guard during the fiscal year
1922, and certainly will prevent
the organization of new units, thus
frustrating the plans evolved under
the laws passed by Congress. If the
materiel has not already been dis
posed of, the provision in the bill
which allows the Secretary of War
to issue from surplus or reserve stores
and materiel now on hand and pur-
chased for the United States Army
such articles of clothing and equip
ment and Field Artillery materiel,
etc, without charge against the
militia appropriation. will alleviate
the cost to some extent, but it is con-
servatively estimated it still will
leave the S23,934.10O allowed in the
bill about S13,000,0O below the re-
quirements for strength of 125,O00.
Evening star., 1921-02-20
Planes for Map Making.

Converting a torpedo plane into a
plane suitable for obtaining aerial
photographs at the delta of the Missis-
sippi river. photographs will be taken
and so put together as to form a photo
graphic map In the past it has been
impossible to survey the delta of the
Mississippi, on account of its extreme
inaccessibility. Aircraft have proved
most useful in the mapping of inaccessi-
BILE areas
Evening star., 1921-02-20
Gordon ON Disarmament.

In a recent speech on disarmament.
Assistant Secretary Gordon asserted
that to weaken the Navy at this time
would be worse than crime-a
blunder, the consequences of which
cannot be calculated" The tGrm
"the Navy" he said, "is now coming
to connote very much more than it
formerly did. 1t means not only
ships OH the sea. but ships under the
sea, and ships in the air. The pos
sibilities of the use of submarines
and aircraft in war have only begun
to be realized. Experimental work
continuous, effective and expensive
must be provided for The question
between armor plate and heavy guns
is not unequal in Importance to the
question between battleships and sub
marines, and between battleships and
aircraft All this means practically
Evening star., 1921-02-20
IMMUNITY NOT CLAIMED.

Chilean Embassy States Position
Regarding DON Ramon Escobar.
Diplomatic immunity will not be
claimed for Don Ramon Escobar
Chilean consul at Norfolk, CHARGED
with improper conduct at the con-
sulate. according to a statement issued
by the Chilean embassy in this CITY.
1t was announced that the consul had
been relieved from duty by the consul
general at New York and that II
Nieto del Rio. head of the Chilean
bureau of information, had been order
ed TO Norfolk to Investigate the police
charges. Embassy officials said Esco-
bar was a member of a prominent
family of Chile and that his father
was a senator.
Evening star., 1921-02-20

be granted. he said, unless a justice
who voted for the Judgment votes
for the rehearing of it,"
when this court has made a de-
cision." a prominent attorney said in
the course of arguing a famous case
Evening star., 1921-02-20
Government Control of Radio.

Regulating the operation Of radio COM
in the United States and
fostering its development by govern
ment monopoly of the air is advocated
by the Secretary of War. The expe-
rience we had before our declarat ton Of
war; he said. and the voluminous evil
Evening star., 1921-02-20
ARMY AND NAVY NEWS
CaptAr Duncan

limitlesS expense which must be met
as a protection to the country if we
are to be without international mu-
tual agreement. To discontinue alb
solutely, or to reduce appropriations
in this direction, means suicide"
Evening star., 1921-02-20

of the past, "it is like decree of
Venice, irreversible; and like the laws
of Medes and PerSians. which altereth
not. neither do they change. The de-
sion of this court is the end of the
Iay.
Evening star., 1921-02-20
INDUSTRY CONTROL
ST|RS BITTER FIGHT

CONTINUED from First Page.)
Evening star., 1921-02-20

A MEXICAN women may be said
~ to have written the final chap
~. ter in the history of their long
ct w,
Evening star., 1921-02-20

| credible sweetness remarked upon-were
pressed upon them at forty cents a hum
Evening star., 1921-02-20

r. ]. Alfaro, who was acting secre-
tary Of foreign affairs for Panama at
the time of President-elect Harding's
visit to the isthmus, is on his way to
Washington as a special representa-
tive of Panama for Mr.. Harding's in
auguration
Evening star., 1921-02-20

trVs|
a.
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aHHf
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1921-03-29
REFPA AT MEETING

J. K. Reppa. republican nominee for
mayor was entertained at a ladies
tete-a-tete and talked to them in sup
port of his campaign, at the home of
DIT. and Mrs. A G. Schlieksr IN Beacon
street. Sunday afternoon. There were
many ladies in attendance and enjoy
ing the true hospitality the affair az
forded them. Political teas among the
ladies have become 8 stern reality in
the Twin cities and no candidate ex-
presses a declination to be present:
they rather enjoy the pinnao0e TO
which the ladies are at the present
day placing them. The hostess had
the assistance OF the Misses Beryl Reed
and Christine Reed and Mrs. Eugene
Steffes. Addresses in behalf OF Mr..
Reppa were made by the Mesdames
Thomas Fogg. william Meade. W W
Smith. Drs. Hale and Steffes and Mr.
and Mrs. J. J. Freeman. Mr. Reppa
talked TO a very large audience of
ladies who appreciated his wen d.
rooted campaign survey. The home
was arrayed in the floral effect OF
Taster-tide.