davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
AIRPLANE TROPHY
TO BEST MACHINE
ENTHUSES FLIERs
Original Meet to Determ-
inc Commercial Value of
Planes Is Planned.

Announcement is made OF a new
airplane trophy donated to the
Aero Club OF America and to De
competed for next month at the aero
meet in Omaha, Nebr., at the same
time as the Pulitzer trophy.
According to John NJ. Larsen. the
donor. IL Is calculated to bring out
the most efficient airplane for gem
eral purposes and, to use his own
words, will. show the plane that
can carry the most load. the great
est distance in the shortest time
and for the least money
Larsen believes that this contest
will demonstrate to the public that
planes can carry freight or passen-
gers as cheaply as some other
mode of transportation. He feels
that once this fact is established
the government will take care OF
the essentials, such as landing
fields and organized airways. and
soon regular lines will be In OPP
Grafton.
The trophy itself is a most beau
tiful piece OF work and should be
on display within a few days. IL is
constructed OF gold and silver and
portrays the development Of the
commercial airplane from the early
attempts OF man TO get into the air,
through the war stage of progress
until now the practical reality,
Two figures standing on a huge
globe and holding aloft a plane, all
typically American. make IL one OF
the most striking trophies yet
awarded. A war aviator holding
aloft with an American artisan the
finished product gives an appear
ance of the striking development
Not the, least Interesting feature
of the award is the formula en-
ployed to determine the winner. In
this, actual pounds multiplied by
actual speed made over the course
and divided by the number Of gal
Ions used. gives a factor. The
plane having the highest factor
wins.
Aviators are busy figuring out
what type of plane will win Some
feel that a big plane has no chance
others state that the little plane
will not carry enough load and is
therefore out of IL. Altogether #
is creating great interest and al.
ready several concerns are building
planes or tuning up old ones in a
hope that they can carry on this
trophy at the frst time IL il put VI
for competition.
The trophy designed by Gutzor
Borglum stands four feet six inches
high on a globe twenty inches ir
diameter, cast in silver and gold
and the human figures stand two
feet in height.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
FEWER TIRE SIZES
EPLAN In FUTURE
Automobile Engineers Claim
Reduction Will Decrease
Costs in Auto World.

Automobile engineers have de-
cided to use fewer sizes of tires
and rims as original equipment on
passenger cars in the future. The
reduction in the number OF sizes
will result In decreased costs to the
tire and automobile manufacturers,
to the dealer and to the automobile
user, as less money will be tied up
in machinery and finished products.
The action outlined above has
been taken by the S. A. E. tire and
rim committee, members of which
represent the Rubber Association of
America, the National Automobile
Chamber of Commerce and the So
ciety of Automotive Engineers. The
recommendation is still to be ap-
proved by the National Automobile
Chamber of Commerce and the So
ciety OF Automotive Engineers. but
as II has met with the approval of
the Rubber Association Of America
and of the automobile engineers in
terested. its ANAL approval is as
cured.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
FAILURE OF ENGINES TO START
is CAUSED BY "SL OPPY" PISTONS
Valves Which Warp or Deform Also Reasons
For Universal Trouble

Very often. indeed, we run across
an engine which is hard to start
when cold. The usual causes Of
such a condition are we'll known to
motorists of experience. But once
in a while we run across an engine
which will start quite readily when
cool, but which cannot be induced
to function once il has been Slapped
unless it is allowed to cool off fair
Iy well.
There are many causes of this
condition. probably the chief one
being a very sloppy" condition of
pistons and piston rings, permitting
an excessive "blow-by." When the
engine is cold the oil has sufficient
body to seal the piston passages
and develop enough compression to
assure a ready start. But when the
engine Is well warmed up and the
oil thinned out, such Is not the case.
And the result is that starting is
almost impossible
Valves which warp or deform, or
a cylinder with a hot spot caused
by imperfect water circulation, and
which warps and permits dimin-
ished compression when the engine
Is warm are other causes of the
same trouble. All demand mechan-
ical correction, of course, before
the engine can be put into proper
shape and the malady cured.
Generally, with such an engine,
heavy printing will facilitate start
ing; also the use OF a couple Of
teaspoonfuls of real heavy oil intro
duced through the spark plug holes
will be found helpful in increasing
compression and making starting
easier.
With an engine with separabl
cylinder head, the. hard starting
condition may be brou yht about by
unequal expansion between the
cylinder casting and the head cast
ing. giving rise to a leaky gasket
when the engine is hot. Generally,
replacing the gasket with a new
one and seeing to 1t that II is bolted
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
The Security Benefit
Association.

The first council of the Security
Beneft Association was organized
in Washington last Monday evening.
There were twenty charter mem
bers. The work was instituted under
the direction of II. A. Johns, who
Is in charge OF the organizing and
managerial departments. The fol-
lowing officers were elected: Past
President, Anna NJ. Baden: Presi-
dent, J. Armand Langley: First Vice
President. Lydia NJ. Johns: Second
Vice President. Raymond J. Lang
ley: Financial Secretary. Regina l..
Vittum: Recording Secretary. V. P.
Ahern: Prelate, John II. Nittum;
Conductor Florence MCDevitt;
Guard, B. Deckelbaum; Physician,
DR.. c. r. Werlich.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
ENTON OF BOWsER INTRODUCED; CAN RECLAIM CRANK CASE OH
Helpful Suggestions to
Automobile Owners
ConseryIss Dry CeIIs.

A simple and effective way of
conserving dry cells Is to place
them in q snugiy-ntting box and
MI the interstices among them with
dry sand. When the cells rattle so
that monetary short circuits de-
yelop they are quickly run down.
Feuied Plugs.
When spark plugs habitualy be-
come fouled with oil and SCOT IL Is
a good plan TO Investigate and see
whether they may not be project
ing too far into the combustion
chamber. particularly when they
are located In either one or the
other OF the valve pockets. II they
are screwed into the valve port
caps. athe removal of the caps with
the plugs In them will be the best
way TO determine the condition.
The points of the outer end of the
shell should extend, very little be-
yond the inner faces of the valve
caps. Anyway. the adjustments to
the carburetor or lubricatihg sys-
tenn should be made to prevent ex-
cessive gas or oil feed.
Emergency startins.
In cases where the starter 10 out
OF business and the crank handle is
not available. 1t is possible to start
the engine by lacking up the rear
wheels. blocking the front wheels
and then shifting into high, after
which the cylinders are primed. the
spark and throttle are set and the
engine Is cranked by turning a rear
wheel In doing this the operator
should take hold of the tire rather
than the spokes and must be care
full not to get caught when the
wheels start to revolve.
Alignment Test.
A rough-and-ready method of
testing the alignment Of the front
wheels Is to jack these wheels up
an equal distance from the ground
and spin them While they are re-
volving draw a line on the center
Of the-tires with a piece of chalk
Measure the distance from the line
on one tire to the corresponding
limo on the other tire at the height
of the hub and both before and be-
hind the front axel. The approved
gather will work out at about
three-eighths of an inch.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
DISCOVERS ;
WHITE HIGHWAYS,
COTTON TANNED
Says Farmers Find Raw
Material Excellent for :
Paving Roads.

Roads paved with cotton-verit-
able neece-lined highways-are the
latest thing In the west
The fact that old king cotton had
been releEated 10 this lowly though
extremely useful duty was not gen
orally known even In California.
where the cotton boulevard" Idea
seems 10 have originated, until the
discovery was made a short time
ago by a road-scouting party down
in the Imperial valley.
A Dodge Brothers car used BY the
AIbertson Motor Company, Dodge
Brothers dealer in Los Angeles. was
going through the valley. when a
snow-white road suddenly doomed
ahead Of thei tedious. sandy path
over which the car had been pulling
for hours. The driver was perplex-
ed and IL was not until he got out
and made an examination that he
found the explanation. II was n
carpet OF cotton. stretching as far
beyond him as he could see.
on the highways the roads OF I'm
perial Valley in the vicinity OF In
do, Coachella and Mecca. and
throughout the whole Imperial VAL
ley in general are poor, the con-
stantly shifting sandy soil prevent
ing the wearing OF trails and eoun-
try roads
So, in order 70 make satisfactory
roads for the purpose OF inter-com-
munication, the farmers have found
that raw cotton makes an excellent
surface for automobile and teams
alike.
II was found that many other
roads which branch OF the main
highways leading to the farms and
ranches were similarly paved"
The cotton pods seem 20 bed down
In the sand Of the road and give .
good traction surface, especially
for light automobile trafic.
That cotton. maker OF fortunes
during the war years OF 1917 and
1918, should be 90 valueless that IL
can be used for making roads IL
due to the collapse Of the cotton
market in late 1919 and early 1890.
The Dodge Brothers dealers party
reported that the intense heat OF
the valley, made IL necessary for
the drivers TO wear sun helmets, No
trouble was experienced in the daily
grind along the blistering stretches
OF "heecelined" roads.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
KEEN OPPOSITION
TO LATE RULING

PHOENIX, Ariz., Oct. 22.-Keen
opposition has been indicated by
motor car dealers against the order
of the Arizona State Corporation
Commission forbidding Insurance
of automobiles against confiscation.
The insurance has been for the
especial beneht of owners Of cars.
usually dealers, who rent cars with
out drivers, and who lease cars for
stated periods.
Without insurance they. would be
liable to the loss Of the car in the
event intoxicants were found with
in it, The same risk attaches to
cars that are sold under contract.
with only partial payments made,
with an equity held alike by the
driver and by the dealer.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
SAYS APPARATUS
WILL ELIMINATE
0LD0I FOR new
Claims That Machine Can
Enable Country to Con-
serve Resources.
WILL HELP MOTORIST
Lubricant Does Not Deterior-
ate Through Use, But
Collects Matter.

TO conserve present-day re-
sources for the benefit Of posterity
Is not a particularly attractive
proposition to the man OF today,
who is rather likely to ask why he
should do anything for posterity
when so far as he can see, pos
terity has done nothing for him.
but when conservation puts money
IN his. own pocket that is another
story altogether.
ihat Is exactly what can now be
u"ne for the motorist by a recent
invention of Bowser. of gasoline
pump fame-an apparatus for re-
calming or cleansing crank case
OIL From so to so per cent of this
OIL can now be salvaged and used
over again.
One of the considerable items in
motorists budget is lubricating
OIL most Of which goes into the
crank case of his car. Upon the
fabrication OF that part OF the
mechanism depends the efficiency
and life Of his car.
Lubricating oil does not actually
dete-iorate through use. 1t merely
collects a mass OF abrasive matter
from the wear on moving parts;
carbon and unburned gasoline leak
from the cylinders in the crank case
underneath, and moisture and grit
md their way in from the outer air.
Although the oil itself does not lose
Its lubricating quality, all this
adulteration eventually forms a
mixture which cannot give proper
lubricatioE
What the new apparatus does Is
to eliminate all that extraneous
matter and thus restore the original
usefulness of the lubricant-fre-
auently, indeed. through the dis
tillation OF the lighter oils, improv-
ing its original quality.
This new retaining machine is
offered with the idea that when a
motorist wishes to renew the oil IN
mis- crank chamber he will go to
a garage equipped with the neces-
sary outfit, have the old oil drained
ut and receive an alIDwdLce of new
oil in return. A garage without the
equipment will make an allowance
for the used oil and send 1t to be
salvaged by concerns organized for
that sole purpose.
This will very materially reduce
the cost OF filing up with new
lubricant and will induce more fire.
GUent renewal of the contents of the
crank case. That the life of a
motor will thus be considerably
heightened is obvious.
The -the-minute garage
owner will soon be hanging out a
sign New oil for old" or "Old
oil exchanged for newr' Already
company has been organized TO
do nothing but reclaim crank case
oil by this modern alchemy.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
JAPANESE DRIVERS
Get 'HALFLICENSE'
But After Becoming Proficient
Chauffeurs Receive Final
Full-Fledged Ticket.

The japanese police issue two
kinds of licenses to chauffeurs in
Japan-for the police have author
ity in all such matters. A driver
does not have to know very much
to get his first or half license"
This permits him to drive a car in
the streets of a city in a straight
ahead direction. But IL he wants to
turn around he must make the cir
cult of the block, which may be
half a mile or more.
BY and by he becomes more pro-
hcient. and then submits himself to
the police authorities, who give him
a second. examination. The candi-
date must show himself thoroughly
familiar with the. reverse gear and
to be able to back up long distances
without hitting a tree or a street
car. Then, IL he can prove himself.
he gets his final license and becomes
a full-hedged No. 1 driver. to the
great envy of the half licensee."
who Is not allowed to back up under
any conditions.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
1922 Auto Show Plans.

That the automobile shows of
next winter in New York and Chi
cago will be bigger than ever was
evidenced by the unusual interest
shown in the exhibitions and by
the large number of car manufac-
turers who drew for exhibition
space Thursday at the offices of
the National Automobile Chamber
of Commerce. No less than ninety
four different makes of cars will
be displayed at the Grand Central
Palace, New YORK. from January
TIA. while eighty makes will bo
shown in the Coliseum and Ar
mory. This is q record number Of
exhibitors.
The shows will bring out for the
first time a number of cars never
before displayed at the national
shows, among them being the
Rickenbacker, Durant, Wills-St.
Claire, Bournonville, Kelsey. Hand
ley Knight, ITALIA and Vauxhall, the
latter two being of Foreign manu-
facture.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
MOTOR QUESTIONS
ANSWERED HERE
Questions.

eueANiOnA.
l. For what reasons should a
short circuit in the electric system
Of a car be located and remedied as
soon as possible?
.. Why does high voltage wire
running to spark plugs require such
heavy insulation in comparison
with that of other wiring of the
electric system!
;. Can the clicking sound of valve
tappets be entirely removed from
an engine. and Is the clicking of any
consequence to motor operation?
4. What is a short circuit in a
storage battery? Does it cause the
battery to discharge?
5. Why do springs break so more
often on rebound.
Answers.
1. As a matter of safety to the
car and passengers, as well as to
save the storage battery from dis
charging, a short circuit in the cleo
trio system should be repaired as
soon as possible. Keep the ammeter
in working order, as this instrument
Is the only means of detecting a
short circuit Immediately II occurs.
A short circuit in the system can
be located by the presence of heaI
and sparkling at the point in the
wiring where the defect happens TO
be. and II neglected may cause COM
bustion of nearby oil or grease,
rapidly spreading until a danger
GUS fire may result.
, The high tension wiring of
electric system requires a much
heavier insulation than other wires
Of the system because of the high
voltage current which passes
throug the former. Impulses going
through II to the spark plugs
would leak through thin insulation
at points where the wire came into
contact with the motor or metal
wire supporters. causing the spark
mugs and consequently the cylin-
ders to misfre-
:. The clicking of valve pushrods
against ends OF valve stems may
possibly be entirely eliminated from
IN engine which is in good condi-
ZION and has not been long in opera
tito but to remove this sound from
the engine OF an old car Is diff
cuIt IL not impossible task, due TO
wear. However, this noise when cut
down to a minimum is not obJec-
tionabIe and by maintaining the
Droper clearance will do no harm to
valves nor affect the engines run
ming.
hattery is caused by sediment from
battery plates collecting at the
bottom of the jar to a point where
the plates touch it and therefore
arc in contact with each other. 1t
may also be caused by buckled
,I,tes The former trouble is due
T., not cleaning out the sediment
from the space in the bottom Of the
battery intended for this purpose
when il is necessary to clean IL,
and the latter is caused by dis
charging or charging the battery
al too high a rate. Both troubles
when bringing the plates into con-
tact will cause rapid and complete
discharging Of the battery.
;. Springs break more often on
rebound because each leaf of the
sprinE bears the weight OF the cars
frame, body and engine separately.
ON rebound or expansion Of the
springs the parts Of the car which
are suspended above the springs
tend to lift or pull up from the
axles and wheels. separating the
spring leaves and bending them up
and away from each other. This
strain II greatest when the car en-
counters bumps on the road.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
The Craftsman Club.

The Craftsman Club connected
with the Veterans Bureau held its
second annual banquet at HarVey's
Friday. October II, and 1t was some
banquet. Nearly $50 members of
the club and several guests were
RECALLED with a sumptuous dinner,
smokes and an elaborate program
by Myer Schmolsky, chairman Of
the entertainment committee.
Howard Payson Brown, president
of the club, was toastmaster and in.
troduced as speakers, Col. c. A:
Pennington. assistant director of
the bureau: Maj. NJ. r. wainer, fore
mer personnel officer; Call me Hen
ry" Lansburgh. potentate OF Almas
Temple: DR.. Hunter, past president
of Gavel Club; Mr.. w. d. Clark.
president Fellowship Club. Mr.. O.
3. Wheelock. Circle Club; William 7.
Slaymaker. treasurer, Craftsman
Club
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23

down firmly in place will cure such
condition.
Rarely, the fault is due to igni-
ton failure. The case Of one en-
gine in particular comes to mind.
where ignition was by means of a
magnetic. The condenser of the in
strument was not correctly proper
toned, with the result that the
mixture had to be exactly right or
else the spark was not sufficiently
intense to fire II. When the en-
CINE was cold, the mixture was just
about right and firing was effected
with the engine warmed up, how
ever, the richer mixture due to bet
ter vaporization would not ignite
Correction was effected by return
ing the magnetic to the maker who
fitted a condenser of proper capa-
city.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
ARIZONA CLUB is
GETTING A START

PHOENIX, Ariz., Oct. 22.-The
Automobile Club OF Arizona has re-
ceived its first consignment of metal
road signs, about $50. mainly for
roads out of Phoenix, wherein, thus
far Is the larger part of the asso-
citation meWbership.
Roads Will be signed carefully
westward to California on severa,
routes and eastward on the border
land route to beyond Douglas, the
work later to be extended to all
main Arizona highways. The north
ern route, through Arizona and
New Mexico. already has been
signed by the Automobile Club of
Southern California.
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
PRICE REDUCTIONS
CAUSE GROWTH

Price reductions have caused a con-
siderable growth in the '1ess-than-
1000" class Of cars. At the present
time there are available in this class
no fewer than nine cars and ten
models, as follows: Buick, 1915;
Chevrolet, S625 and $s75: Dodge,
1855; bort. 1885: Durant. $3.50: Ford.
$50; Gardner. 1895; Maxwell. ;s4S,
The Washington herald., 1921-10-23
Ford Tenders frightened.

Rattles in the tenders of the Ford
car may be obviated by taking Thorn
off, threading the end of the fender
iron and putting on a nut after the
fender is back in place. This nut
draws the fender UP tight and pre-
vents II working out OF the fender
iron.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-01-24
10000 NOMINATIONS
HELD UP BY SENATE
Democrats Predict Government
viii be Crippled II Policy
Persists.

Washington Jan. 24s-Tn view OF tho
probability that the Republican majority
In the Senate would refuse TO confirm
most of the 5000 nominations made by
President Wilson. some Administration
officials painted picture OF n crealsing
Government machine, fioundering along
for time after March with lot Of
important cogs missing.
Republican leaders weren't inclined
TO take the picture seriously however,
as they saw no possibility of the Gov
ernment machine breaking down be-
cause their party adhered 20 the time
honored theory that TO the victor be-
longs the spoils-
The question of the nomination cccu-
pied much of the time of T'riday's
secret Republican conference The
official announcement said no decision
was reached: but some OF those attend
ing the meeting said privately that
there had been ''tacit' agreement for
the Republican members OF committees
to take the nominations coming under
their jurisdiction. study conditions in
the executive departments and then de-
termine whether failure 20 keep the
Democratic appointees in o1acs after
March would result in any enbar-
rassment to those departments.
a young regiment Of officials now in
Washington are holding Office by vfrtuo
Of recess appointments. Should the
Senate fail TO Act on their nominations
before this Congress quits on March s,
It is explained that they Will auto
nasically be out OF Jobs under tho law.
These officials include all seven mem
bers of the Shipping Board, two rnern-
bers Of the Tnterstate Commerce Com
mission. three chief officials IN tho
Patent once and i've assistant SEQ
retaries Of the Treasury.