davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04
What Is "Competition"?


Look, moreover, little closely at
the bland face of this idol or fetish
which goes by the name of 'competi-
ition" in the statute. What kind OF
competition" is it? 1t is the kind
that diverts traffic, not the kind
that makes traffic. Competitive freight
agents do not develop business; they
merely struggle over business which is
already there. The competition that
makes business is the competition of
district with district and region with
region, and in this kind of competition
the railroad is necessarily on the side
of its shippers. 1t is precisely in this
kind that the partnership is most inti-
mate and effective because the interests
of the partners are identical. How
long will it be before we learn that
lesson?
do not say that Professor Ripley's
reasoning is not sound on the
premises. | do, however, humbly sub
nit that the premises are unsound be-
cause they contain and compel con-
. clusions which are contrary to COM
mon sense and sound economics. Fur
thermore, even allowing that we must
perform lip service to the idol, why
can 1t not be done by regarding the
entire transcontinental territory as
one and plan four systems in place of
Professor Ripley's seven and Mr.
Chambers's five? BY splitting the St.
Paul between the Union Pacific "sys-
tenn" and the "Hill system" we secure
all the "con1petition' required in the
northern group, and only the disad-
vantage (Which is a problematical one J
OF size is to be faced. How much of
disadvantage is this in view of the
ease and competence with which the
"Hill system" of $4,000 miles has been
handled for twenty years?
Let me summarize what l am driving
at. We have in the "Hill SYSTEM of
railroads what is probably as good a
railroad system, from the point of view
of the public interest, as can we'll be
imagined, even by one given plenary
powers over the map. 1t was put to-
gether by the ablest brain that ever
dealt with railroad affairs in this coun-
try 1t has behind it twenty years of
experience, which should give it pre-
scriptive status not to be disturbed
without very grave reasons. There are
no complaints from its patrons and
the figures show why. Are we going
to break it up for reasons which have
| nothing to do with economics, for rea-
sons, indeed, which in the light OF
present-day facts have to do with lit
tie more than worn-out superstitions
OF what weight are the bogey of
monopoly" and the idol of "competi-
tion" when measured against the
natural law of the railroad, com
pelling it to seek and to make traffic
to work in partnership with its ship
pers, with its power over rates in the
hands of the government? Must we
for fear of the bogey and the idol turn
back on the road of economic progress
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04
Christmas Sales Expected
To Reach 1920 Total Here
Purchases Still in Liberal Amount, Although
Some Classes of Expensive Merchandise Are
Less Active; Buying Earlier This Year

SHEE weeks shopping
the large
the opinion
apparently has less effect prvit public
holiday than other
sales in store executives Offices the buying
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04

He seemed to have Immediate knowl-
edge of the essential things that others
deduccd by slow and painful processes
sef combined logic and experience.
sTake, for instance, the matter of train
5loading. now a commonplace axiom
with the least imaginative of railroad
{ men; it was in the '90's, one of the
! Hill secrets" the great Secret" in
fact, so far as operation was concerned.
eIn 1895 the present writer asked Mr..
Hill how he came to discover it.
why he said, with touch of i'm
patience at the foolish question, "it
was that or go broke. You sell ton
miles and spend train miles; the more
you sell for what you spend the more
money you make
Not a discovery"
He had not "discovered" this prin-
scipie ne had seen it. And in 1896
tothers, with his aid, were beginning
ITO discover" it. Another great prin-
+ ciple that was always clearly in his
mind was that the partnership between
his railroad and its patrons, especially
its shippers, was unlimited in its in
s.timacy and in its identity of interests.
He knew that the great goal was one
and the same for both--the largest
possible movement of tonnage in and
out of his territory. What was good
for his shippers was good for his road
and vice versa: there was no antago
Isnisra or conflict of interests. When it
came to fixing rates it was volume of
tonnage that governed, and he knew
/ that volume of tonnage depended upon
success for his shippers III their COM
petition with shippers of other dis
aricts and territories, and so their
competitive conditions were the chief
snornl for the rate making so far as his
railroad was concerned. Those who
remember the early days OF the east
ward flow of lumber from the Puget
Sound territory will remember how
he fixed the rates for the mills. He
sas always in partnership with his ter
Ertory. always seeking to build it. up
svsith people and with industry. Allow:
sif YOU wish. that he was thinking OF
sfis Great Northern-<ailroad first, last
Sand always the point is that he
thought of it always directly in terms
ses his territory. for in his mind the
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04
Solution Of Problem,

Let us take first the thought. Less
Shan two years ago the transportation
act (l92o) went into effect. That act
was an immense step forward toward
solution of the railroad problem In
more than one respect, but its great
and shining merit was that for the
irst time in the history OF railroad
transportation it recognized and ap-
piled the true principle of making rates
for transportation of freight based on
the regional group and return on
value of property. 1t is impossible to
overcstimate this achievement on the
part of its authors; too much credit
can hardly be given to them. Wnen
enc recalls the pitiful groupings after
light that marked the great rate
groupings ON both sides-the epochai
character Of the advance becomes evi--
dent. In yet another respect the act
WAS a landmark in economic history,
VIZ, in that it adumbratcd the basic
fallacy that underIay the application
Tin 1877 of the Sherman law to rail-
roads and the utterly wrong concept
Of competition" which generated that
fallacy.
For the first time the true nature OF
tne railroad function was, at least In
part, though rather vaguely, appre-
hended in the provisions of the act
which imposed upon the carriers a
principle of consolidation" and CO.
operation in place of some of the old
competition" 1t is this phase OF the
act that | wish to discuss and to illus
srate with respect to our concrete case.
lrst let us note what the act says:
fhe commission shall as soon as
practicable prepare and adopt plan Tor
Inc consolidation of the railway prop
erties of the Continental United States
ssato limited number of systems. In
Tie division of snch railways into such
syssems under such plan competition
.aH be preserved as fully as possible
nu wherever practicable the existing
ssoutes and channels of trade and COM
s1efce shall be maintained SO that these
2syssems can employ uniform rates IN
sae movement of competitive traffic and
unuer efficient management earn sub
s :. antialiy the same rate OF return upon
ae value of their respective railway
properties" (Section 5, paragraph 4.3
ilree Principles
here are three separate thoughts or
::pslllnciples embodied in this part Of the
s33sst These arc:
Preservation Of "competition"
nexe possible,
Reservation at sexsstsnx rontss
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04
Transconti1,entaL Lines

i mere are only tnTec CfanSCOnC1nenLal
lines in the northern transcontinental
group-St. Paul, Northern Pacific and
Great Northern. The statute clearly
requires that two systems at least
shall remain after consolidation--to
satisfy clause one. If Northern Pa
cific and Great Northern continue in
their present relationship 70 Dur:,ng-
ton and to each other then it will be ST.
Paul versus the present 'Hill system"
Hut. this would combine two Strong"
roads against one weak" one. There
fore, to satisfy clause three, divorce
must be made between Great North-
ern and Northern Pacific, tnd one or
ether of these must combine with ST.
Paul against the other with Burling-
ten. Having gone so far, the profess
sor says that the best grouping or
grounds "of economical operation.
conservation of investment for future
use and grouping as to branches and
feeders" is the union of st. Paul and
Northern Pacific, leaving the Great
Northern paired with Burlington But
there seems to be fatal objection!
This merger of st. Paul and North ern
Pacific runs directly counter to the
statute as to the preservation of COM
petition. We are therefore to sacri-
ice on the altar of this ancient fetish
the grounds of economy and efficiency.
Thus the "Hill system" must frst be
broken up to take care of weak"
road and must be recombined on an
uneconomic basis for reasons of what
Is in effect fetish worship.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04
Agree on Chile Nitrate Price
Government, Holders of Stock in Europe and Pro.
ducers Fix Basis for Efecting New Sales
Up to July 30, 1923

of being unable to dispose of its
stocks of nitrate held at the coast be-
cause of the agreement of January rs
last, which obliged it to maintain a
price of Id shillings at the coast and
1915 pounds sterling per ton in Europe.
Finally, if the producers were to sell
at reduced prices at the expiration of
the January 26 agreement-that is to
say, after the 31st Of March, 1922, the
pools would necessarily find itself
in competition, thereby destroying a
crisis had always proved of mutual
advantage.
Indemnify to '.Pool''
The new project proposed by the
this difficult situation, besides naming
reduced selling prices also arranged for
d maximum indemnity to the pool" of
approximately 100000 pounds sterling
This project is followed in its general
lines by the agreement which has just
been signed by the Association of Pro-
ducers and the "pool"; the same scale
of prices has been fixed, that is to say
SIS rs for October, SIS 18s from No
vember to April 1922; els IS in May
and f14 los in June, after which date
the association will be free to make
such prices as it deems fit. The COM
pensation conceded to the pool" is
set at god for each quintal of new nj
tratc shipped between October L, 1921
and March 81, 1922; I'D per quintal for
new nitrate sold for delivery between
April and June 80, 1922, and 4d pei
.quintai on new nitrate sold for delivery
between July /, 1922, and July 30 1928
The association guarantees minimum
indemnity to the pool" of f1,500 900
but without limit as to the compensa-
tion which might result from the ap.
plication of the partial indemnities or
new nitrate s6ld up to July 80, 1923.
In this unlimited compensation or
the purchase of new nitrate it is to be
hoped that the "poop will find strong
incentive to purchase to the greatest
limit possible. This would have the eff
feet so greatly desired in Chile and sc
urgently needed for the Improvement
of the economic situation. of creating
new activity in the field of production
and in providing the public treasury
with increased revenue on expectations
New-York tribune., 1921-12-04

of System" that should exist in order
to get the best results from the trans
portatiaa act of 1920. Yet Professor
Ripley and, following him, the Inter
state Commerce Commission, propose
to break it up: The professor thus
Tin substance) argues the point:
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22
IN THE NAME OF RELIGION!
Weird and Savage Rites lndulged In by the khlysts, Sect of
 Russian Fanatics.

One of the queer religious sects Of the world Is the Christs or Khlysts Of Russia. They hold their meetings in their churches with hundreds of men, women and children attending. After prayers and hymns that last until midnight they begin a wild dance amid sobs and groans. After this con- tinues for while they abandon their garments and put on white robes and white stockings. Candles are lighted. and new dance begins that consists of rapidly revolving, the men to the right, the women to the left.
 In a short time a sort of madness falls upon them. They leap. scream. beat themselves and each other, in- dulge in wild laughter and cries, and then begin to tear off the garments with shouts of Ut is coming, the Holy Spirit Is coming" They begin to go about on all fours, riding on one an others backs, rolling about on the floor, biting and scratching one an other, and at last go entirely insane and dash about until they fall ex hausted. By dawn the church flool is covered with naked men, womer and children, unconscious and blood stained
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22
DAMASCUS.

Rev. J. M. Mcgee filled his regular appointments here Saturday and Sun day.
 Several attended singing Sunday afternoon. A class was organized of which the following officers were elect ed: President, w. l.. Kerr; secretary, Miss Ada Crownover; director, N. D.. Smith. Our days of singing are the first and third Sundays.
 The wedding bells rang Sunday morning at the home of W. s. Bradley. Miss Hattie and Mir. Rainwater of Conway county surprised their many friends by getting married. They left immediately for Conway county,
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22

where they will make their home.
 M. E. Brown and wife closed out their school at Republican Friday and have moved back to Damascus.
 Miss Clara Sims, who has been at- tending school at Conway, has return
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22

Rapid heart throbbing does not nec- essarily mean heart disease; generally it is caused by a dsordered stomach. Prove it for yourself by taking Prick ly Ash Bitters; if the stomach is at fault heart symptoms will quickly dis appear. Price SIPS per bottle. Florence Drug Co.,, special agents.
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22

ed home.
 Several from here are expecting to spend Easter at Pinnacle Springs.
 Health is very good at this writ ing. March 22. '. !, r
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22
Steamship

Speed, safety, and new and thrill ing form of travel will be thus com bined at cost that, in view of the sav- ing of time, Is relatively little greater than the present steamship rate.
 "The continental air routes will come first" says Sir Trevor Dawson, but the most important part of air travel will be that between Europe and North America. They are the two great continents, the continents that have between them a steady flow of passenger travel. Air travel must come, cutting down the time distance between countries, and thus strength ening the ties of business, trade and international understanding. 1 am looking forward to the time when air liners will bring London within two days of America. ."-Otis Peabody Swift In New York Tribune.
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22

transatlantic travel shows that there is a large class of travellers who want and will pay for speed. These pc Ople will be the clientele of the transatlan- tic airship.
 The shipment of valuables, bonds, stocks and bullion on the speedy air liners will save the money lost in inter- est, and urgent mails should be shipped in this way. Even at an ad- vanced postage rate a letter of thou sands of words could be speedily trans mitted in this way at the cost of cne word of cabled message
 Advantages Over Steamship.
 The advantages of the airship over the steamship and also the relative cost of travel are shown in the follow ing table compiled by Brigadler Gen. eral Maitland:
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22

A proposed car has been designed by Beardmore, at Dalmuir, in which spe- eial attention has been given to the importance of giving each passenger a good view The windows are so ar ranged that passengers can see both outward and vertically downward should they wish to do so. The passen- gers sit facing each other with a table between them, rather like a large Pull man car. If they wish, they can ar. range the chairs and tables for bridge,
 "Sleepers are provided in the shape
The log cabin Democrat., 1921-03-22

Pubic Demands Speed.
 The airShlp has the advantage over both the airplane and the steamship as passenger craft. The airplane can only travel 300 miles without stopping at a base for fuel and is thus imprac- ticablr for long distance routes IL is, furthermore, of limited carrying ca pGcity, and the disagreeable features of noise and vibration cannot be done away with. The great rigid, moving steadily day and night and hay ing q cruising radius of 2,000 to 5000 miles, makes a far better passen- ger ship, It has been suggested that airplane routes could be used as feed CTS to the alrship lines, small airplanes carrying passengers to central point, whence they could embark on the air ships of transOceanic and transcOnti- mental lines.
 When the lines are established the steamships also will find them serious competitors. The airship is infinitely quicker and does not have the pitch and toss that makes steamer travel unpleasant The demand for great liners that cut down the time spent in
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
COUNTY COURT
Marriage Licenses

Marriage Licenses
l.r:r- E-c"sn:. = R"n"o"d ana
Nict"r.t K,:r.. - NoIHdSv!!.r
Ear. +. N:GGIc, -. and l."tte u
t:"wErr"r. IL to:!I "i Armstrong. chun'
T.. ia.
Alex k""r. icn.nr"dr u. and Annie
Eand"iph. 'c"."rrdJ -, both n! Elm
G~uNe.
Fiduc!ary
T.. " Simmons. named rArcu'"r o. inc
wi -: the :a:r Hannah Rose Bona
5000
Deeds Recorded
lem" W. bates &" the Twelfth street
Garage corporation. Property on
Twe.''h streH, CunSId"rati n $40.
Stewart Ei-Es ard VIE - {. t.
nacur and wife. Property n Elm Grove
,'rn*.,I"rat:rn ST..
Gsnrg" f. Y".rGman and We |"
S,."ar; RIGGS. Property n Elm Grove
cons Liberation SO
Louis Helw:g {" me Fin Hro'" Mn
!qg COMPANY. Property IN le'ers KUN
Consideration SO.
,rinn.a Derrzenski ard 80" ~ stan
.s,av. pchrzensHi. Property IN Etsn'n
u.ard Consideration Sln.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
TRY THIS FOR INDIGESTION

Foley Cathar;!. Tablets are J%st the
thing for constitution. Thor act!cn Is
wholesome an4 thoroughly clean i!nS.
without Er.1!nc nausea or !ncon'en'-
encn They h7nish headache. h!N"us-
resq hloa,inc. gas bad breath. coated
/ tongue and other symptoms ~ h!sor-
d.r.1 DIGS. on Mrs II J. Marcha-d
&c Lawrence ST Salem, Mass, writes:
/ Il used Fo.ny's Ca'rart!c Tablets for
] -or5,!7a,,o- wi.h good results. I keep
/ them in tn" house" Sold everywhere. 80
! Adv.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28

moRR1srowN CHURCH

SunIHr - boo. !~SSOn IN Temperance
from isaiah IS The minister's morn
.nr srrmun suHj~,r IL .i'~i>"u l.f".
~. evening sJh;eo; Cor ..3H : II"
re- Little SIN" Remember OH" Ia!
one w,eH 'r,:n StEndn% morning.
We're = Gillespie. minister
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
Dinner Sets, $3.50

100 piece sets Of American
porcelain. with conventional
border oi roses and lattice pan
els. One 81 our regular open
sock patterns. lOh-pio"c sets,
$3.50.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28

According ;" W y Downs secretary
q rhr Wn""ing Nssocia':nn &C t""di:
M"H, II" membership - r." "rra'lra-
tor - gradually growing. AID -" 'u~m
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
$3.50.
Wash Boards. SIC

t'ulj SIC. with brass rubbing
surface. Frida, Specia' a sc.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
Soap and Cleanser
Combination, sta

20 bars Of Classic Laundry
SOAP, 4 cans o. Sunhrite Clean
vr ami s packages Of Rinse, all
for STA.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
Dcthcl, 3oc

Death u ans, roach $. flies,
bod bugs, and other insects.
Pin; cans. $50.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
Dinner Sets, S11.90

II piece sol. with a choice of
White. md gold decorations.
No.s consist OF six each Of f.. ~
AMI N-mch PLACES. fruit Saucers,
cups and san rrS. ono each of
mra1 plate. hahor. pickle dish.
Friday price. S11.9O.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28

We Nave gua~o TtNA: TTrSwr''e's I'm
s:oc0 up. ~ :. Stodrlrd i 18TH 81.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
O'Cedar Polish 43c

For furniture. pianos. hard
word finishes, etc. l2-ounce
Eor-lcS. Friday. 43c.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
A Few Examples of the Attractions
Prevailing Today in Our Third
Day of 100Specials
Four
Hosiery Specials

HOSIERY oPeeloS
| Silk-and- Wool
Stockings. s190
Pretty heGtEer mixtures in
| plain and ribbed effects. >pe-
| rial at S1.9S.
Children S Sport Hose, SOC
Wide ribbed Isle sport
hose in navy. and heather
mixtures Sizes up 10 10.
SpeciaI a. SOC.
Boys Schoo. Hose, 15c
HEAVY ribbed cotton srhoc,
hose IN black and brown.
| Broken sizes. Special -
15c.
Gordon School Hose, 39c
| Children 5 sturdy stock
ing<. with .o,.r .orrad heel
and toe. A.: sizes Socria!
at SOC.
] Stone 3 Thomas. Main Floor
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
Sil.c- ?ci:ch, &c

r'"rt Henry Silver Polish. for
cleaning cir Hla:S. rs we'll rs
silver and cot.. Friday, SIC
ja:.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28

:xsrzclxznzEla~
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-10-28
Special al 1Sc.
Stationery, Csc
Sewing Baskets.

CUlNeSe sewing baSkrtS OF
rich brown color. finished viii
beads. riuys. and taS>r.>. tir,
,:,.., .,,,,.i.n =, SQr 50 So 15
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-31

her life has been spent with reia
tlves in Maryland and Virginia. but
her Inherited estate was in Ohio.
and. from sentimental as well as
business reasons. she has until now
maintained her allegiance to the
state OF her birth.
Professor Thornton is the senior
member of the faculty of tho Uni
Ncrsity OF Virginia ana the dean IF
it's engineering department
Mr. and Mrs. Thornton will be at
nome on Monroe liill. University OF
virginia, after September. -.
Guests at the ceremony included
Mrs. Malvern G. Patterson. Colonel
Eugene G. Massic ana james plens.
ants Massic. Of Richmond. Miss Ed
VIVA james. of Boston; Mrs. Arthur
Batcman and Arthur BatcInan. Jr., of
Cambridge. Miss Janet Thornton, OF
New York. and DR.. William Wvnn
Thornton. Jr., OF Baltimore.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-31
OlD-TlME TELEGRAPHERS
TO PLAN FOR CONVENTION

meeting OF the executive com
ihittee OF the Old-'rimc Photographers
and Historical Association of the
United States will be held tomorrow
night at $50 O'Clock in the office OF
'he AdJatant-G General Of Virginia, 10
Gated In the Richmond Hotel.
This committee meeting is to dis
cuss plans and programs for the
forthcoming annual convention Of the
association. which is TO be held in
this city October 1920.
This annual meeting will bring to
Richmond something like 200 people
from all parts of the country. many
OF them being telegraph operators
VINO welded the key forty. fifty and
sixty years ago. General 10 Lane
Stern. of this city. is the president
OF the association for the present
year. and will preside at the meet
ing in October next
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-31
BUSINESS MAN is FINED
FOR TRANSPORTING LIQUOR

Especial to The Times Dispatch
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. VA. July 80.
u ballard. or charlottesville.
VINO was arrested in this city for hay.
ihG IN his automobile twelve gallons
OF brandy In fruit Jars ana iurs ,,,
'r.e" before Justice w. H. Embr.v
NJ, ny imposed line OF $500 and costs
J," sentence WAS omitted. as q,
was shown that Mr.. Ballard hn,, -,
intention OF selling the ardent spirIts
~ h"mpcr OF prominent citizens tcstt.
hcd to Mr.. Ballard's good character
TIC Is prominent business man. AT
the conclusion OF the trial the cntir.
tWcire~gallons or rare apple brandy
were poured odt on the ground In tho
rear or the courthouse by Officers
TOnsill and Stone