davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

dead. Even In battle Amureth wore the
veil
Now. of course II his face had been SO
hideous, he would not have needed an
army behind him. The obvious thing Tor
him to have done would have been to have
told his attendants to avert their eyes,
drop the veil from his face and shock MS
enemies to death. That he did not win
victories in this easy way Is proof that
his ugliness was not the real cause OF the
veil
But Abu El Zain, chronicler OF the
time gives a more reasonable explanation,
Amureth, he>eays, could not grow beard!
Conceive his agony!
The Commander of the Faithful, leader
Of Islam, the Voice and Sword OF the
Prophet and-beardless!
II was to hide his lack OF the hairy
symbol of power, wisdom and piety that
Amureth donned the veil. And who can
doubt that his mercilessness and ferocity
were largely due to his feeling that he had
to provide something In the place OF whis,
kers to create a proper respect and fearT
The beardless Caliph was, In fact, victim
OF repressed desires that Freud would havo
loved to have studied. !.
AS the beard was such an object OF
reverence, maltreatment Of II constituted
the worst OF insults or degradations.
Sacred history has many references to
this belief.
In IT, Samuel, K, 4-5, we read:
"4-wherefore Hanun took David's ser
wants, and shaved off one half OF their
boards and sent them home.
"5-When they told Il unto David, he
sent to meet them, because the men were
greatly ashamed: And the King said,
Tarry at Jericho until your boards be
grown, and then return"
To shave or pluck (ones own beard was
a sign OF mourning.
In Jeremiah XII, s, we read that there
came "Eyen fourscore men, having their
boards sRaven, and their clothes rent, and
having cut themselves, with offerings and
Great Britain Rights Reserved.
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

beard Is more than youth. And he that
hath none is less than a man."
Mohammed was very proud Of his beard.
It is said to have been not long but very
fine and silky. He enjoined the wearing Of
the beard in the Koran; Chapter Mishkat
xx:4-"Do the opposite of the polytheists
and let your beard grow"
The only beard the Prophet did not like
was a black one. His preference was for
golden yellow. He attained this color by
the use of henna, but in his later years the
Archangel Gabriel. II is related, came again
to him and told him that 1t would be better
for him to give up dying it and let 1t take
its natural color. When he passed away
his beard was beautiful white. The two
hairs still show a tinge Of henna.
Abu Bakr, his most dearly beloved COM
panioh, preferred burning red beard. He
also used henna paste. Mohammed did not
like the color much, but by q special dis
pensation, It is related, Abu Bakr was al
lowed to keep the ardent color he pre-
ferred
The Mohammedans always carry combs
to keep their boards In order. II is their
custom to use them Immediately after
prayers. The hairs that fall out are care
fully picked up and buried. They carefully
break them first because one OF the Jobs OF
the Moslem angels is to take care Of these
hairs. and, by breaking them, they believe
they tighten the angelic labors In the
olden days good Mohammedans always
wore pasteboard covers over their boards
at night lest they should turn upon them
and rumple or tear them.
One OF the most merciless and most
feared OF the Caliphs was Amureth.l He
never appeared without veil over his
face. He is the parsonage who was the
inspiration for Tom Moore's famous
''veiled Prophet Of Khorassan" in his
'Lalla Rookh." The legend grew up that
Amuieth wore the veil because his face
was so hideous that, like Medusa's, a
glimpse Of It would strike the beholder
&c, igai. International r..tur. Service. Ipo.
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

incense in their hand, to bring them to the
house of the Lord:
Certain ceremonial cuttings Of the beard
which probably initiated pagan supersti-
tions were strictly forbidden. Leviticus
xix, 81 says: 'You shall not round the
corners of your heads, neither shalt thou
mar the corners of thy beard" Leviticus,
xxi. 8: "They shall not make badness
upon their head, neither shall they shave
off the corner Of their beard, nor make
any cuttings in their flesh"
other, famous boards besides Moham-
med's are those OF Barbarossa, or Red
Beard, the medieval German hero who
sits In state of suspended animation in
some cave with his beard growing through
the table in front Of him; Blue Beard.
Godfrey the Crusader, whose beard was
the banner that led the Crusaders into
Jerusalem: Master George Killingsworthe,
OF the Court of Ivan the Terrible, whose
beard. says. Hakluyt, was five feet two
inches long, yellow, thick and broad; So
crates, "the Bearded Master" as Alcibi-
ades called him; Black Beard, the pirate;
the late Alexander Dowie, another prophet.
In Greece the beard~-was universally
worn until the time of Alexander the
Great who ordered his soldiers to shave
so that their enemies might not seize them
by their boards In battle. The Romans
began shaving about the same time. s.
The ancient Germans, according to ,Taci-
tus, regarded clean shaven face as a sign
OF servtude. The Lombards-Longobards
got their name from their long boards.
The ancient Britons believed in boards.
A law Of King Alfred's reads: "If a man
shave of another's beard, let him make
amends with twenty shillings. II he bind
him nrst and then shave him like a priest,
let him make amends with forty shillings."
At one time Il was necessary FOR all
clerics TO be clean shaven, and strong ef.
forts we're made to do away with the beard
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

representative and interpreter 1t seemed
only proper that he should have the sacred
hairs But of course such holy things
could not be made a matter OF barter and
sale. At the same time their possession set
the House of Ibrahim In such an exalted
place in the eyes OF Islam that the relin.
quishment Of them would be tragedy.
The knot was cut by the presentation of
the hairs to the Caliph. After that AL
Zahen gave the donors the equivalent then
of 100000 AS this was thirteen centuries
ago when living was much cheaper, it has
been calculated that this sum would repre-
sent to-day at the very least 100000.
s1.500,000 a hair!
Now the question arises as to why Mo.
hammed's beard is so holy. The fact is
that since time immemorial the beard has
been among all Oriental peoples q symbol
of piety and wisdom. Even among the
western nations 1t has been an object Of
respect .."
Why a growth OF hair on the chin should
be held in more reverence than a growth
OF hair on the head when the former COW
ers muscles used only for talking and eat
ing. while the latter covers the brain, is
one Of those Inconsistencies OF human ma
ture which are so interesting. One ex-
plantation is that whiskers only begin to
grow when a man Is entering maturity,
while he has hair on his head even while
he is baby. In the usual old muddle.
headed way Of accounting for things, the
sprouting hair on the face may well have.
been linked up with the sprouting wisdom
in the brain.
There are certain students OF the matter
who hold this. The philosopher, Fuller, by
negation OF II, admits the belief exists.
The beard was never the true standard Of
brains" is his verdict
Macauley, the English historian, writes:
Boards In olden times were the emblems
OF wisdom and piety."
Shakespeare says: He that hath a
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

Alleges, Forbade Him to Do 1t.
Monk Durandus urged this In the following
words: Length Of hair is symbolic of the
multitude of sins. Hence clerics are di-
rected to shave their boards, which is said
to be nourished by the superfuous humors
of the stomach, and denotes that we ought
to cut away the. vices and sins which are
a superfuous growth of us. Hence we
shave our boards that we may seem puri-
fed by innocence and humility and that we
may be like the angels who remain al
ways in the bloom of youth
The beard was commonly worn In
France until the time OF Louis the XIII,
when, the monarch being young and beard
less, the fashion changed French fashions
in the manner have, in fact, usually fol-
lowed that set by the monarchs, an
illustration OF which is preserved In the
English imperial, the little tuft on tie
chin. In like manner loyal Spanish cour-
tiers removed their boards on the acces'
sion of Phillip the 55th, who like the Ca
liph Amureth, was unable to grow one.
Peter the Great OF Russia was the first
actually to capitalize the beard by i'm.
posing tax on all of them, graded IN
proportion to the rank of the wearel.
Henry the Eighth and Elizabeth of Eng
land took a tip from the Czar and put the
some kind OF n tax on but fashion proved
rebellious here and the reaction which set
In on the following reign of James /, was
distinguished by n fantastic extravaganza
which clipped the whiskers into as many
form OF shapes as the old fashioned box
hedges.
II Is q historical fact, showing the down.
ward trend OF the beard outside Of Mo.
hammeden countries, that In the early part
OF the 18th century, Il was considered an
Indication OF dangerous and rebelllous
opinions, and as such was forbidden by
police regulations in France, and for some
years to wear beard there was to invite
arrest.
And as proof that the world actually
does move, we have the fact that to-day In
the most enlightened communities the
beard with all it's legends and traditions,
Its symbolism Of wisdom and piety, Is re-
garded merely as paradise for germs
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

CONsTANTINoPLE. Feb. 10.
bT HE beard of the Prophet mohammed.
perhaps the most sacred relic OF the
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

whole Mohamme-
dan world. is to be re-
moved from the mosque
where II has long been
an object of reverence.
1t will rest in a bur.
glar;proof vault in a
weil-guarded museum.
The discovery Of a
plot to steal the beard
by followers Of the Emir
Feisal. King of the Had
lag and rival of the
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

A Rare Picture of the Prophet
Mohammed, Showing the Silky
and Luxuriant Beard Which He
Used to Henna Until the Arch
angel Gabriel, SO the Tradition
Alleges, Forbade Him to Do 1t.
The Washington times., 1921-02-20

The Mosque st
Medina. Where
the Prophets 2
Body ls Supposed
to Be Buried. The
Common Belief
ls, However, Tha,
His Coffin Is
Suspended
Between Heaven
and Earth, end
Will Not Open
Until Judgment
Day. q
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07
Diplomacy by Conference
(F,om Yhe Mo,treal pauy Starl

from The Montreal Daily Starr
The summoning of a disarmament
conference at Washington marks the
beginning of new era in the conduct
of international affairs. Diplomacy
has ceased TO be an art; it has be-
CONC business. This does not imply
that all the old weapons of the dipIo-
mat are to be discarded as useless. The
suave manner, the courteous address,
the sympathy that is born of culture
and the tact that is the lubricant Of
human relations, will still be valuable
assets in the stock-in-trade of the in
ternational negotiator. The human
factor in diplomacy does not disappear
just because the rules OF the game are
altered. Yet the baser elements of the
art which fiourished in the courts of
Europe for centuries will gradually
fall into abeyance. The day has passed
when the embassies Of the world 5
great capitals were the centers of in
transitional intrigue, with each ambas-
ssdor moving as warily as a chess
champion, intent only ON the winning
q tho &ams.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07
Seizing Rum Runners

In his decision supporting the
seizure of the Harry l.. Marshall, so
called rum runner, the Attorney
General says that the United States
has the right to seize vessels violat-
ing its customs rules within twelve
miles of shore. On the point
Wheaton's International Law de-
clares:
1.-THE revenue laws of the United
States, for instance, provide that If
vessel bound to port in the
United States, shall, except from
necessity, unload cargo within four
leagues from the coast, and before
coming to the proper port for en-
try and unloading, and receiving
permission to do so, the cargo is
forfeit and tNa master incurs a
penalty (Act Cd, March, 1897. s27l;
but the statute does not authorize
seizure of foreign vessel when
beyond the territorial jurisdiction.
The statute may we'll be construed
to mean only that foreign yes
sci, coming to an American port.
and there seized for violation of
revenue regulations committed out
of the jurisdiction of the United
States, may be coniscatcd; but that
to complete the forfeiture, it is es-
sentia that the vessel shall be
bound to and shall come within the
territory of the United States after
tho prohibited act. The act done
beyond the jurisdiction is assumed
to be part of an attempt to violate
the revenue laws within the juris-
diction.
Under the previous sections OF
that act it is made the duty Of
revenue officers to board all vessels
for the purpose of examining the
papers within four leagues of the
coast. IF foreign vessels have been
boarded and seized on the high sea.
and have been adjudged guilty, and
their governments have not objected,
it IS probably either because they
were not appealed to or have ac-
guessed in the particular instance
from motives of comfy"
So it is necessary for the rum
runner to stand off at least twelve
miles, or to furnish evidence that it
vas but passing by our coasts when
it lightened its cargo. 1t looks like
a hard winter for shore men who
would keep rendezvous with ships
that pass in the night and can be
induced to do little trading en-
route.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07
On Selecting Judges
Should They Be Elected or APP
pointed, With Life Tenure

10 the Editor of The Tribune:
Sir: The Citizens Union advocates
that judges be appointed and not
elected. This is question that should
be closely studied and the pros and
cons fully discussed by those who have
had experience before the courts.
The question must be looked at from
two separate and distinct aspects.
% To elect the best man. CD To get
the man elected as far away as pos-
sible from personal or political infiu-
ence. The best lawyer doeGn't neces-
sarily make the best judge, but some-
times the reverse. Personal knowledge,
acquaintance or friendship with the
candidate by the average voter isn't
the best qualification for Judgment
Often it is the worst, rs the average
voter feels" but doesn't reason. |
think that lack of personal knowledge
of the candidates would produce better
al round average results. The Bar As
ISOLATION, on the whole, is better quail
fed to say who would make a coed
judge than any one else. If the cleo
tive system be continued the.: it should
be combined with the statutory prior
endorsement of the Bar Association,
and the election of judges should take
place at times other than that fer cleo
ton OF Federal, state or municinal
officers.
In considering the question OF ap-
pointing judges, we are up against the
appointing power. 1t would require to
be entirely apart from politics and
upon this I have no suggestion to
make; given the proper appointing
power appointing judges would be
much better than electing them.
Considering the way the judges are
elected it is astonishing that we have
high-caliber men. This doesn't mean
that we haven't "brainless stupidity in
few cases, from the Supreme Court
down.
think that the term of judges in
every court should be for life, retiring
at, say seventy, with a liberal pension,
but subject to strict rules for prior
removal by some Independent power on
charges. This would make them indie
pendent of voters and politics.
The administration of justice is the
most important Of all government
functions.
STEWART BROWNE.
New York, Aug. 4, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07

The chairman of the Shippiny
Board is reported to have told the
House Committee ON Appropriations
that he was in doubt as to what to do
with the Leviathan which for TWEEN
ty-three. months past has lain at her
former German pier in .Hoboken as
idle as painted ship upon painted
ocean. But unlike painted ship.
whose value the increment OF time
Increases according to the artistry
and fame of her creator, the mar
Vicious contrivances of steel which
are the shuttles of modern COM
merce and communication begin a
career of depreciation from the in
slant they are launched. To pre-
serve them to their ordained uses for
an allotted time means a war that
can know no truce. In commission
or out of it, this keeping up" must
go on.
BY the ninth day of next month it
will have cost the people of the
United States just $1,50o,0Oo to
maintain the Leviathan at Hoboken.
Irrespective of the cost of wharfage.
She was turned over to the Shipping
Board from our trooping service on
September 9, 1919.
The Shipping Board could have
sold the Leviathan in the summer Of
1920 for S3,500,000 But on the eve
OF contamination of the sale one
William Randolph Hearst INTERVIEWED
with an injunction proceeding.
The government was being robbed !
The "pee-pul' were being despoiled
All of the stops and pedals in the
organ or organs of Hearstism were
brought into use. Clamor unseated
reason for a little while. In the
Interim the bottom dropped out of
the market in which ships are bought
and sold. 1t has been dropping a
| little further and further every day
since then. And meanwhile the
American people have been paying
the bill.
We can understand the doubt by
which the Shipping Board head is
assailed when he thinks of what he
can do to rid himself of the white
elephant Of Hoboken. We sympa-
thize with him, but it will take more
than sympathy to aid him in solu-
ton of his problem.
Why not submit the disposal of
the Leviathan to Mr.. Hearst? Has
Mr.. Lasker ever thought of sending
him bill?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07

These be strenuous days, and
nights, too, ins,Zion-that is, Zion,
Illinois, Wilbur Glenn Voliya, in
heritor of "the cloaksof Elijah" and
head Of the Zion Church, objects to
anybody else participating in the
salvation of souls within the boun-
darics of his province other than
himself and those of his anoint-
n1ent. But Of late Zion, for some
reason, has presented itself to other
churches as SO pregnant Of possibili-
ties that they have entered into the
city even as host.
Alarmed by this competition
Voliva, who is something Of a mo-
nopolist and a modernist withal,
caused to be set up throughout Zion
a series of billboards. In front Of
one invading mission a board pro-
claimed it the Goat House." An
other, of more explicit character and
language, read:
mo gentleman, not to mention a
Christian, would break into church
edifice and attempt to hold meetings
or establish a counter organization.
Those who do are nothing more nor
less than religious buns, tramps and
vagabonds. Get out of this commu-
nifty if you have a drop of honest
blood and go and establish a settle
ment Of your own. An ecclesiastical
goat house or garbage dump has no
right within this settlement
So the goats" and the sbums''
have set to burning down the Voliva
billboards, with resultant activity
on the part of that solecism which is
known as lions fire department..
What place of charity and gen.
tleness and good will and collection
boxes is Zion!
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07

there is not enough to go around.
If that happens in enough instances
and enough commodities a scramble
for goods would certainly ensue. The
high cost Of living would become an
issue again and wages disputes set
tied on present prices would be re-
opened.
1t would be better if the prosperity
which lies ahead were to come slower
and on a more solid basis, for thus it
would be more enduring. But what
ever form it may take, or however
rapid it may be, the recovery in bust
mess and price is almost here.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07
THOMAS HARDY


From Tho London Mercury
THE gypsies lit their fires by the
chslk-pit gate Anew,
And the hoppled horses supped in tho
further dusk and dew;
The gnats focked round the smoke like
idlers Rs they were
And through the goss and bushes the
owls began to churr.
An ell above the woods the last Of sun
set gjowcd
With a dusky gold that filed The pond
beside the road;
The cricketers had done, The less all
silent lay,
And the carriers gathering wheels vsnt
past and died away.
The gypsies lolled and gossiped, and ate
their stolen swedes,
Made merry with mouth-crgans, worked
toys with piths of reeds:
The old wives pulled their pipes, nigh as
black as their hair,
And not one of them ali seemed 20 know
the name of care.
EDMUND BLUNDEN.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07
Prices and Prosperity

Many manufacturers still COM.
plain that buying is of the hand-to-
mouth variety--that the retailer will
buy only what will move over his
counters with CELEBRITY. So the whole
saler has to operate in the same way,
and the manufacturer worries.
There is nothing surprising about
this if we recall what happened only
a little more than year ago. Then
there were acute market shortages
of goods. The wholesaler took what
the manufacturer would give him
on the manufacturers terms. The
retailer was in the same position
with the wholesaler. 1t had been
going on for months and months and
seemingly would never end. So, be-
lieving that, every branch of bust
ness bought extravagantly at high
prices and was able to sell only
sparingly at higher prices still. All
the time that there were acute mar
ket shortages Of goods there were
great speculative surpluses held off
the markets just because prices were
rising
Then things turned. Prices fell a
little and part of the speculative ac-
cumulations came on the market.
Prices fell little more-and then
all at once everybody wanted to sell.
With the vanishing or restriction of
the markets for goods, production
inevitably fell and there was unem-
ployment and depression.
But mark this-all the time that
this depression has been under way
the consumption of goods has out
run the production of goods. That
! is, the speculative surpluses accumu-
lated during the fantastic postwar
irritation have been steadily drawn
upon to make up the difference be-
tween output and consumption. And
there is much evidence now to show
that these SURPRISES are approaching
state of exhaustion. Presently
consumption will have to be filled out
Of current production, rather than
out of the production of previous
period. That means that business
revival is not far distant.
But it may mean more than that
il the hand-to-mouth buying policy
is continued. 1t may mean the proc
ess we have just discussed reversed.
That is, if the SURPRISES reach the
point of actual exhaustion before in
dustry is prepared to meet the de-
mand. prices will rise very fast.
Some day a retailer who has been
buying next weeks supplies this
week may be told by his dealer that
Y-1s L u
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-08-07

hearted approval. Hc has lectured us
ficrcely, but always sincerely and
in man fashion. With such, con.
troversy breeds respect. 1t is of
small consequence when matters are
looked at in retrospect to remember
that at times the shell of an OPP
ponent seemed a wee bit too hard
and thick. Brother Belts by a life
time of honest service richly de-
serves all the honors the community
which knows him best is showering
on him.