davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22

= OF the Sweetwater. The famous Inde
, pendence Rock, S38 miles from 1nde
{ lpendence, was one of the most note
worthy features along the trail. i
| marked the entrance into the Sweet
water district and was u sort of reg.
lister, holding the rudely carved name.
of many Of the hardy Western adven-
IIturers. by the Sweetwater the Ore
,lIgon trailers were taken below the foot
Iof the B!ghorns, past the Devils Gate,
land up to that remarkable crossing OF
1.-THE Rockies known as South Pass,
lwhere Ezra Meeker dedicated his
monument under such unusual cir
lcumstances, taking water from the ir-
Irrigation bitches on the east side Of
the Continental Divide to irrigate the
Iwest side. This Ia 947 miles from the
Missouri river.
4 Goes Pacific Way.
| Starting now down the Pacific side
of the Great Dii'ide. the traveller pass
ed over 1875 miles of somewhat for
bidding country crossing the Green
the first resting place west of the
Rockies, 1000 miles from the Mis-
|sourf. This was a delightful spot In
Ievery way, and always welcomed by
the Oregon traiiers.
The Bear river was 1876 miles
from Independence, and to the Soda
Springs, on the big bend Of the Bear,
WAS l.206 miles. Thence one Crossed
over the height Of land between the !
Bear and Port Neuf rivers. the latter |
being Columbia water; and, at a dis
tance of l,2SS miles from Independ-
ence, reached the very important
point of Fort Hall, the post establish
ed by Nathaniel Wyeth. This was the
first point at which the trail struck
The Snake river. that great lower arm
II the Columbia which came dropping i
from Its source opposite the headwa-
ters of the Missouri to point out the
way TO the weary travellers.
The Raft river was another point of
great Interest; for here turned aside
he arm OF the tFanscontlnental trail
hat led to California. This fork Of
he road was 1894 miles from Mis-
ouri. Working from the Raft river, I
lown the Great Snake Valley, touch
ng and crossing and paralleling sew e
raj different streams, the Oregon v
rail proper ran until it reached the I
irande Ronde Valley. The railroad I
oday crosses the Blue Mountains at C
xantly the same point as the old trail o
i'd. "a
Umatilla Reached. II
The the route struck the Umatilla v
nd shortly thereafter the Columbia d
was 1894 miles to The Dalles, !, e
n to the Cascades. 2,029 to Fo-t a
ancouver, and 2,134 to the mouth of b
ne Columbia. a
Such was the Oregon Trail traverg- II
by hundreds and thousands of har- y
y Adventures. Who blazed and fol. g
WED this historic highway, destined IN
, be marked to posterity so yeas d
fter its zenith? The Frenchman, De h
/ Verendrye was perhaps the first &c Ict
cad portion of the trail as II is
nown he forsook the Missouri river
nd started overland, possibly up the 81
latte. crossing. some of the country nj
le Astorians saw later. This was in H.
1872. The trapper Ezekial Williams, Iv'
lid TO have been the first white man "
cross the borders of what is now ic
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22
River is Crossed.

In 1S4S nearly thousand men.
women and children crossed the Mis-
souri, river, traversed the Platte val
leys, crossed the Rockies through the
South Pass, thence to the Snake and
Columbia; the first wagon train that
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22

The West Of today, with Its rail
roads, automobile highways, farms
towns and cities Is not the West o
years ago when pioneers first hear'
OF wagon road to the Pacific an'
the eager throngs wore the old Ore
gon Trail deeper and deeper eacl
year.
A rendleton pioneer who well re-
members the journey from Ohio Il
the willamette Valley is Lot Liver
more, aged So, the oldest resident Of
the city. Mr. Llvermore, with his par.
ents, left the old home In Marietta In
April, 1861, The start was made with
four OK wagons, two horses and 40
epws.
. Rluffs Are Reached.
1Couhcil Bluffs were reached and the
Missouri river crossed May IL, From
thla point we never saw the habltation
OF q white man until we reached the
Willamette valley September 49,"
says Mr.. Livermore.
The wagons used by the pioneers
Of early days we're of the Prairie
schooner type, with wooden axle, ne
ceaai tnting the linchpin and tar buck
at "A swayback bed was provided. In-I
deed. schooner was an appropriated
word, for often It was necessary toI
ford streams with all the household
belongings in the wagon bed.
The Oregon Trail began, says Mr.
Liverinore. az did the Santa Fe trail,
al Independence. on the Missouri
river. Practically, st. Louis was the
eastern terminus. men and goods go
ing up the Missouri river 20 Indepen-
dehce, and there taking wagons and
setting out for the West. The tive
trails were the same for Al miles,
when, q slgnboard was seen which
bore the simple words, Road TO Ore
goR.H
81 Branch Trails Also.
There were branch trails that came
into the road from Leavenworth anGH
~ Joseph, striking It ABOUT the point
Of departure from the Santa Fe trail.
but the Oregon Trail proper swung off
from this fork. running steadily to the
Northwest, part OF the time along the
Little Blue river until at last 1t strucklI'
the valley OF the Platte. The distance
from Independence TO the Platte was
9iG miles. the trail reaching Platte
about 20 miles below the head OIL
Grand Island. The course thence layH
up the Platte Valley to the two fords,
near the Platte Forks.
Here was point of departure in
the olden days. II one chose to follow1
the South Forks he would reach the
IA vau galada within ranch NJ fhalIl
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22

ever reached the Pacific coast and the
first real migration of builders to the
Pacific Slope. These people had come
from widely scattered districts of the
United States and pitched their tents
near the buffalo herds on the western
border of civilization. The Oregon
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22

question was not settled and hung in
the balance. The Lynn bill granting
$40 acres of land to each family, had
passed the senate. whitman. the mis-
sionary, has returned overland the
previous winter to save his mission,
and preached Oregon in season and
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22

out of season. The government WIS
organizing an expedition under tie
leadership Of Fremont to penetrate the
dark. country. of which so little was
known.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22
ODOEGON TRAIL WAS FAMOUS ROUTE IN PRAIRIE SCHOONER DAYS


From Ohio in 1851.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22
KEPPO TUBES

A medcated foot powder put in tubes for
tender, smarting, sweaty feet. Not foot
ease but foot remedy Different from any
thing on the market--different package. diff
ferent preparation, and different action, be-
cause 1t does remedy the trouble while other
preparations only relieve.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-09-22

Continued on page 4.l
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Weekly Financial Review
BY HENRY CI.EWS.
OF Henry Clews Co., New York Bankers.

NEW YORK, Nov. 26-Adoption of the tax bill by Con-
gress settles the long standing issue of the relation Of
ness to the fiscal activities of the Government for the
ing year at least.
IL Is not too much to say that the outcome has been
severe disappointment to the commercial community.
Members of Congress themselves evidently feel the great
cst msgvings with reference to what they have done.
There is manifest and growing body of sentiment in
favor OF either the sales tax similar plan of
and this taking form in the proposed visit of body
to Canada for the purpose of looking into
the actual working of the sales tax in that country
The revenue adjustment such it u.s. is obviously tenn
porary, and it will probably be only short time before
further revision must be made Suggestion that new and
extensive taxation for the purpose of paying soldiers
bonuses is likely to be imposed has naturally called forth
sharp disagreement and objection.
The Importance of the conference a financial
and business factor has grown and manifest
1t now certain that the program of President
Harding and Secretary Hughes will be accepted practically
as it stands by the foreign delegates and that they will
succeed in securing the adoption of the bulk of it for their
respective countries.
Great Brtans order to stop building operations on new
batteshps of certain classes earnest of her good faith
in the matter With this beginning it will be possible
very materially to reduce budget OUTLAWS if the legislative
bodies in the several countries disposed cooperate
apparently they will be.
This should at least pave the toward lower taxation
The market is and approaching the work of the
arms conference a constructive factor
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Telegraph Apparatus.

A credit Of $4,000 milreis has been
allotted to the Brazilian Minister Of
Public Works. for the construction OF
a telegraph line, between Iguacu
Falls and Porto Mendes.
As Brasil In an important market
for American telegraph apparatus.
American manufacturers correspond
ence to the ministry, In connection
with this work should receive favour
able consideration.
The fortunes Of war ordained that
Brazil, once the principal source Of
crude rubber and stili important In
the production OF that commodity
should now import much OF rubber
tires from the United States.
The increasing number OF auto
mobiles in Brazil IL sufficient to In
sure a steady demand for pneumatic
tires of American manufacture.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
HINMAN =: r.; +; :: :: e: ::''''
oooo u. 8. Must Watch Step.
By GEORGE w. HUMAN.

CHICAGO, Nov 26.-The United States Government is
reported firm against mngng money and politics
at the armament conference.
refuses let the economic reconstruction OF Europe be
considered as part of the program for universal peace
declines to allow Europes debts be cast into the inter-
national Bargaining and gatherings at Washington. .
That from business viewpoint the wises policy yet
adopted by the American delegates
The proposal other powers to negotiate finance,
politics. alliances and armament all at would be the
policy that be imagined, especially for this
country.
writer in the London Economist recently laid down
several great truths in international finances.
They Governments cannot restore the by
direct action; direct the lines and tendencies of
foreign trades cannot regulate and place at
home and abroad cannot set things right by adopting
schemes of export credits
The Economist makes these arguments and proves them
For instance:
The English government has followed the general
line the War Finance Corporation in the United States
To bolster up the credit of foreigners who wanted Eng
sh goods authorized some Of
The countries had especially in mind to buy English
products keep English workers occupied Fin
land Eshonia Lthuana, Poland, JugoSlovakia, Rumana,
Czecho- Sovaka, Austria, Hungary and some others.
For two years the effort has been making to raise again
the foreign trade where it was falling flat.
With what result?
The Washington times., 1921-11-27

been very small. afford a discourag-
ing prospect in the absence Of some
national action.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
u. g. Must Watch Step.

For these reasons the United States
would make an enormous blunder II
1t went into any general conference
on world finance.
BY SO doing 1t would countenance
the idea that the American people
might pool their resources with the
bankrupts OF other nations; or that
they at least might cast a few billions
more into the bottomless pit Of Eu-
ropean deficits.
BY so doing II would raise hope in
every foreign breast that America
would concede interest and perhaps
principal in the matter Of the foreign
debts owing her, and all the machinery
of foreign propaganda would be put
to work to accomplish this end.
All these words would be useless
II there were not still, on all sides,
people who wanted us to take in a
larger share Of the woes OF the world
The purposes OF the international
bankers are well-known. These gen
tlemen do not rest. The more we do
for Europe the more they will profit
from the foreign funds that they hold
But for other Americans there is only
one business policy-keep out
The Washington times., 1921-11-27

Meantime the roads continue to
show Improvement In volume of
business and their credit, AZ illus
trated by the advancing prices Of
standard bonds and dividend paying
stocks. is obviously on the upgrade.
There has been also decidedly more
favor for the securities Of public
utility concerns. the market prices
on some days scoring good advances.
This Is the outcome Of falling
costs and consequently more eco
nomical management as well as OF
easier credit conditions In general
due to cheaper and moro abundant
supplies Of money.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
nauaAPPEEaysRR#anrru BUSINESS AND FIN NCE
INVESTORS SERVICE
American Soodtape Bonds.

American Seodtape Bonds.
j. Al should be grateful Tor
for your opinion on American Seed
d Seedtape Company 8 per cent
gold bonds.
Would you approve a purchase
Of these bonds In units with their
capital stock at ITO?
I am In position to subscribe for
ten Of the units as / have a little
over $1,000 available for invest
ment.
ANswER-Seedtape bonds are not
well rated.
Pass them up.
Buy a 81 900 New York Telephone
Company refunding mortgage twenty
year per cent gold bond. due 1941
not callable for ten years.
You will then have an investment
that you will be proud of while you
hold It, and which you can sell al
a moments notice.
There is nothing attractive to Amer
lean Seed and Seedtape bonds with
Q bonus Of common stock.
How would you get your money
out II 1t IL you wanted to?
An per cent bond that has to
carry a premium Of common stock
in order to get buyers can't be very
strong.
Buy the telephone bond and play
safe.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27

trouble in getting credit; they are the
ones that keep q certain amount Of
trade still moving. But the centrpl
European governments are 80 wretch
ed, wasteful. and short-sighted that
the more one knows of them, the more
one deepairs Of their solvency.
So there il not help enough in the
world to restore those peoples and
Governments unless they set out to
restore themselves. This most of
them have not yet done. This most
of them can not do, until they get
a new set Of rulers, q new line of
policies. and a new popular impulse
to work rather than fight. to live BY
labor rather than by loafing or Provi-
0ence.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Foreign Trade Notes


Due to the encouraging depletion
Of stocks Of certain raw materials.
notably hides, cotton and wool,
American products are finding a
ready market in Belgium.
Resin. turpentins. rubber are in
fair demand.
Paints.
Since IS to 81 per cent Of the
paints and varnishes consumed in
South Africa are imported. American
manufacturers have an unlimited
market In the South African coun-
try.
Agricultural implement. paints,
cold water calcimine, flat wall
paints, cement. enamel, OIL paint and
stains, creosote and industrial var.
nishes are tho type particularly in
demand.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
OnIv S15. 600. 900 In Use.

In two years only 316.ooo.ooo have
been called into use. Sixty.five mil
lions have been left untouched.
Whyf
Because no basis Of credit could be
found In most cases.
Many Europeans on the Continent
wanted the goods. but many had
nothing to pay with at present and no
adequate assurance or collateral So
curity for payment in tho future.
TO sell goods without prospect OF
payment is not part Of the British
program. We might call that trade.
The British call it default and loss.
This il ono case In point.
1t brings all hopes, dreams. aspira-
tions and policies into international
business right back to the plain propo-
sition-to buy our goods the foreign
ers have got to pay some day, and
IL they haven't the money or goods
with which to pay now. or on which
to base a promise to pay in the future,
there IL no business possible in the
ordinary sense of the word.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
WEEKLY BANK STATEMENT
Twelve Federal Reserve Banks Combined

Ratio Of total reserves 70 deposit and
r. r.. note liabilities combined. -.
Ratio Of gold reserves TO r. r. notes
In circulation after setting aside IS
per cent against deposit liabilities.
Calculated ON basis Of net deposits an
u EQnWJI
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Finance and Business.

Export figures made public during
the week show an advance In our
favorable balance of approximately
$40, 0OO, 900 for October.
Much of this advance was due to
enlarged shipments Of cotton at higher
prices, our manufacturing exports re-
vealing only a moderate improvement
In certain specific lines.
The volume of domestic production,
however, continues to grow in staple
industries, not merely steel and iron.
but a variety Of others, including
building materials enlarging their out
put. The close Of the agricultural
season makes 1t possible to estimate
with some degree of accuracy the out
come OF the years transactions. 1t
has on the whole been a fairly pros
porous agricultural year.
Good crops in q number OF coun-
tries. coinciding with ours. have. how
ever. kept prices low, 30 that the
farmer 10 In a difficult position in
many parts Of the country owing to
the fact that the manufactured goods
he buys have not fallen in proportion
to his own decline Of prices.
Realization by the farmer Of the
proceeds Of his crops and cancellation
of his loans at banks have resulted in
q great reduction Of rediscounts and q
sharp movement Of free funds to New
York and other financial centers. This
movement u responsible for the fall
ing Off Of interest and for the greater
of available supplies Of
money. One outcome II proving to be
that Of facilitating new financing in
much greater degree than hitherto.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Gift Enterprise.

We may have a gift enterprise, with
ourselves the givers, and the insolvefIt
peoples as receivers. But in that case
we should not be fostering commerce;
we should be playing Santa Claus. II
that Is the condition OF many peoples
of central Europe as discovered by the
British. what Is the cure7
Not more gifts from America or
England: these would be accepted,
used, and there would be no payment
or recourse In most cases.
Not more loans to European govern
ments, for the Governments are worse
off than the private traders. Many
traders are still solvent and have no
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
A Good Reason.

Good reason now exists for ex-
pecting discussion Of exchange
questions, to be taken up either at
this conference or at a supplemental
airy session to be called in the rela-
lively near future.
One result of such action should
be to improve the prospects Of
foreign financing in this market, not
withdrawing that such offerings have
been seriously interfered with during
the past few weeks by the increas-
ing irregularity Of foreign exchange
The German mark has shown no
signs of Improvement. but has
maintained about the same low level
which had been established two
weeks ago. while advices from Der.
lin. showing that the preparations for
the next instalment payment have
The Washington times., 1921-11-27

Pneumatic tires of American make,
sizes 30x3 and 30x3h Of clincher type
are in fair demand in Hungary.
Dealers in Hungary complain that
American firms instead OF selling
direct to them sell through central
agents on the continent. 1t 10 be-
lieved that more business would re-
suit IL the firms would get into direct
touch with the Hungarian dealers.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Market Revigw and Outlook.

Most stocks have continued to dis.
play inherent strength on light trans.
actions. A great part of the now OF
business has been between traders
who entertain opposing views as to
the immediate future of the market.
Reluctance to make fresh short
commitments has. however, been
shown, 1t having been demonstrated
that the market 10 not well supplied
with stocks and that any concentrated
buying movement easily brings a rally
in prices.
Under the circumstances, It seems
unlikely that the general level Of
prices will suffer any retrograde
movement Of importance, as plenty Of
buyers appear whenever stocks are Of
fered at moderate recessions.
A. q matter of fact, nine stocks ont
Of ton are still cheap. based on the
better trade outlook. the more courag.
eous attitude of the buying public and
the vastly improved credit situation.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
Tires In Ceylon.

Owing to the scarcity Of tire repair
material in Ceylon. not one enterprise
is at present engaged in the retread-
ing Of worn tires.
The climate Of Ceylon 10 damp ana
humid. and the percentage of blow
outs and rim cuts IL very high. The
average life of a rubber tire in Cey-
Ion 10 about 1000 miles.
A good market is furnished to
American manufacturers OF gums,
fabrics and cement. and vulcanizins
machinery.
The Washington times., 1921-11-27
The Railroad Situation

The Railroad Situation
Enactment on the railroad fund.
ing bill has now been pretty def
nitely deferred until after the new
year, since Congress seldom ac-
complishes any actual work prior
to the holidays.
This naturally has caused con-
siderable disappointment in spite of
the fact that there Is apparently q
majority in its favor in the Senate.
What concessions the friends OF the
measure may have to offer in the
way of changes in the transporta-
ton act, in order to insure the
seen.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-16

Histcry Ghrcafsns 20 repeat itself
on the Cleveland bah team
In 1919 the Indians obtained Ray
Caldwell At the waiver prica
Ray. . spithaii pitcher. was fis-
ured to be thru.
But Speaker. manager Of the In
dams. had . bunch.
lie figured that CAldwefi. with
proper handling. could ssiii be made
70 pitch tho brand Of ball that had
rated him among the top notch
huriers Of the American LeAxue
And spoke's huneh was right
Last year Ray won 20 games. and
vas instrumental IN bringing 20
Cleveland in first pcnn2nl
HAD ANOTHER
HuNCu
This year. with bis pitching staff
going from bad 20 worse. Speaker
has had another huuch.
He has claimed Allan soshoron.
spit hall pitcher Of the Browns. by
way Of the waiver ronte-
Two ye1rs ago sothoron stood
nth rom the top among the huri-
era Of the American Ieaxua
Last year he stood 18th from ne
bottom
THIS rear his SHOWING has been
% bad unAt Lee Foil. manager Of
the Browns. ssked for wuivern The
Red sox claimed him. but returned
him with thanks after be had lost
two starts.
Then Cleveland claimed him
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-16
Playfield
Quincy
on Today
Annual TIE n mis- Event
Swings Into Action To-
day With Mems Singles

Thirfy-one mems singles matches
VIII be played In the first days com.
petition OF the annual playfield ten.
mis- tourney.
No doubles or women's matches
will be scheduled until next week.
Tomorrow's schedule follows.
A Monssd Jack schermsr; Clair
Tarner W. r. oidhsm. +. Bresnehan vs.
a. " Lintnsr. Ernest Ayrss w.. r.
Srfens !. bculiy va r. w. AeI-sin.
Nsr. ~.
N white vs. !. Levine: Tom swfft
- Jamss Lynch: n. Robinson Va Dean
chrisfie. rioyd Hassesch 70 Samuel
suonxs; Eugene Hssos ~ Dave Nesder.
r. n.
a. r. Kursss ~, N. Sanders: y Kss.
lewsti w. n Burr. y. 1. fosr va 4.
hsrioni |. iaxerstyom Va G. r. OfRxar.
i<aiis Watson vs. o. r. stsphenA
?. n.
g. v,sc~ns "a c. west. n w. white
"a Kaibseb; y. Jehnssn W v Oldham:
Z. Behssidas ". II. Nofiss. q. Nasou ~
y A. wsrxh&ehs<. H. Near Va X
e pessfjohs ~ Dos Ghanhs; Obsns
Smith va A. Litter. T. Sculiy " r. w.
hefsain, q. Tybersen Va ". Brsnsn; PHI
nutiss va John shhensntsrssr.
ramasch va X Brennan: X Ncrhsr-
en- va u. kordstrom. Lee Cannon Va
Perry bse~n ~ Hhav va n smith !.
kants va W. KsntA
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-16
COAST CHAMP
TRAINS HERE
FOR FIGHT

Battling Ortega. the middieweight
champion OF the Pacific coast. who
battles Jimmy Darcy In the main
event Of the EIks smoker here
Thursday night. In going thru IBIS
training PAGES daily. Critics who
have watched ortega work say that
he IL In tiptop condition.
Jimmy Darcy. ortega's opponent.
liz training. In Portland for the bout
Clare Bronco and Frankie Rodgers
will box In the semi windup.
Bill Bethel and Johnny Hogrn have
been signed up for the third bout Of
the evening.