davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Melting-Pot or Mosaic ?

DR.. Charles w. Eliot's assertion
that we have in the United States no
such thing as melting-pot, no such
thing as assimilation of alien races
into a common stock, is respectfully
referred to the committee in charge
of the forthcoming Americas Max
ing" festival and exhibit to be ar
ranged by the departments Of educa-
ton of this state and city.
The purpose of this exhibit is to
show in popular form the most inn
portant contributions, economic,
cultural and what not, that have
been made to the nation by it's
various racial elements; to give each
racial group-thirty-two Of them
are mentioned fuller apprecia-
ton Of it's own share in the nations
uphuilding and to promote still
closer American union"
The last purpose of this "Amer-
'ea's Making" exposition is by far
the most important. An exposition
of the achievements and contribu-
tons of the various racial elements
which would merely glorify those
clements, increase their seIf-con-
seriousness and confirm in them a
separasist spirit would be neither
for tlseir good nor the country's. 1t
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Voting Machine Dement'S

To the Editor OF The Tribune.
Sir: In your issue of May 9 read
an article about ballot machines.
Your article says Commissioner
Heydt worked for three years to have
the machines adopted, also that he
claims they will save money and re-
duce the number of districts. That is
not so-~it costs per capita for every
vote cast fully as much, IL anything
more, where machines are used instead
OF paper ballots.
Machines are illegal and unconstitu-
tional, as they are not a secret ballot,
do not permit of review and prevent
recounts. They compel the voter to
vote blindfolded. as he cannot see and
does not know what he is voting.
/ would like to meet Commissioner
Heydt in . public debate on the merits
of Machine VS., Paper Ballot Voting, at
any time or place he may name.
JACOB GERLTNG.
Rochester, N. Y, May 10, 1924.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Franklin K. Lane

Franklin X. Lane was great
American. AS member of the In
terstate Commerce Commission and
as Secretary of the Interior he
served the country with distinction.
Broad of vision, widely experienced,
with exceptional ability as an or
ganizer and with deep sympathy for
his fellow men, he was singularly
qualified for public life. He had the
quality, rare among American public
men, of being genuinely interested in
economics, and thought not merely
Of probabilities and the present but
of principles and the future.
Mr.. Lane, like most men Of en-
iarged minds, was progressive
was not satisfied with conservatism.
In fact, party ties little bound him
He was even more influential during
the Roosevelt and Taft administra-
lions than he was as member of
the Wilson Cabinet. Although the
position of Secretary of the Interior
is not generally considered as impor-
tant as the State or Treasury. Mr..
Lane so enlarged it as to make it of
the FIRST rank,
Many admirers were of the opin-
ION that II he had been native born
ne would have arrived at the Presi-
dency.
During the war he will be long re-
membered as about the first officer
OF the Administration to see the
truth. He was for preparation; he
was for entry; he preferred to fight
the German in Europe rather than
here. His work in connection with
the Liberty loans is still fresh in the
minds Of many. He was among the
foremost to recognize the need for
the employment of returned soldiers
and took a prominent part in the re-
lief work for stricken Europe
II was with great regret that the
country learned Of his retirement.
But, like sGmany Others under SINH
lsg circumstances. he felt chat after
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
The Public Wins

The Railroad Labor Board, COM
posed Of men who will scarcely be
accused of special sympathy with
railroad owners, has decided, after a
full examination Of the facts, that
there is justification for a revision
downward of the wages Of unskilled
railway employees, and announces
that the amount of the decrease will
be declared on June /, with the new
schedule effective on July 1.
On July the abrogation of the
national agreements with the skilled
workers, decided on by the board last
month, also goes into effect.
The railroad wage bill amounted
TO $3,750,00o,000 in 1920. A wage
decrease of 10 per cent will thus save
$375, 100000 to the public. Other
savings incident to the elimination
of wastes flowing from the national
agreements will save the public al
most as much more. The net gain to
the public will be something like
$700,000,000, and an increase Of
traffic will probably bring in enough
to make up the billion year needed
to keep the railroads going.
Rapid has been the public's educa-
ton concerning the railroad prob
lem. 1t is now generally realized
that the railways have become mere
ly agencies which collect from the
public and turn over practically all
their collections to their employees
or to purchase supplies which chiefly
represent labor costs. The owners,
now getting practically nothing,
are to get little-probably not per
cent on the fair value of their rail-
way property.
So the issue, stripped to simple
form, is whether the public shall pay
more for transportation or the rail
way employees shall get less in
wages.
Which element, the buyers Of rail-
road transportation or the sellers Of
their time and labor, has the better
claim in the forum of equity? Is
there a sincere person who has any
serious doubt of the answer that
must be returned? 1t is, perhaps,
enough to say that the average of
railway compensation is higher than
the average in other employments.
Will the employees play fair or
will they seek to starve the public
into subsection? Despite the predic-
tons and proclamations Of hasty
leaders Of the railway employees,
faith seems warranted that they will
play fair. They remember with
what good hunor the public endured
the marking up of railway wages.
They may be expected to show a
similar spirit now that che break Of
events calls for a reduction.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Clipper Ship Days
Tpcnty-four Hour Sailors in Old Merchant Marine

opportunity for nap if they have no
trick at the wheel or on lookout and
the mate does not keep them stretch
ing braces and halyards for exercise.
When a squat hits vessel the call
"All hands reef topsails!" is never
given on merchant ship. It may be
used in The navy, where the topsail is
as large as the lower sails and where
they have the men to handle them. On
a merchant vessel when it is necessary
to reef the topsails it is time to furl
them. On merchant ship the call
is "All hands on deck! Shorten salt"
which means to furl all skysails, royals,
topgallant, gsf topsails, flying iib, jlb
and all light staysails.
The first man aloft would go to the
weather yardarm. where the most work
is, because the wind blows the sail to
leeward. During fine weather we would
be passing our time away ho1ystoning
decks, scraping masts and yards. Paint
ing, repairing sails, rafting or tearing
down rigging and numerous other
duties were all in the days work.
We kicked among ourselves, but for
got all about hard work when paid off.
Then we shipped again without squesl-
ing about twenty-four-hour days and
no overtime, because we were not com
PEELED to GO to sea.
l am astonished to see body of men
calling themselves Americans and ac-
quainted with conditions in the ship
ping industry. unwilling to accept a
slight cut in wages to enable Uncle
Sam TO compete against cheap labor
and foreign ships. BY and by these
"eight-hour sailors" will insist on
Uncle Sam supplying tooth brushes,
toilet water and Japanese servant,
with one hour in every twenty-four on
lookout to constitute days work. If
the conditions laid down by the Ship
ping Board were unfair would be the
first to protest, for know by expert
cnce what sailors life is.
JAMES FOREMAN.
Passaic, N. j., May 16, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
A Theatrical Phenomenon

In few days the 2,200th per-
Torrance Of "Chu Chin Chow" will
take place at His Majesty's Theater,
London, after five winters and nearly
five summers Of unbroken success.
1t has become an institution in Lon
don life, like Nine. Tussaud's wax
works and the Tower and the Picca-
dilly Circus flower women--some-
thing always there. Oscar Asche
defies the efforts of theater owner
to eject him. His lease does not ex-
pire until his weekly receipts fall
below certain figure, to which they
have never dropped within hailing
distance. "Chu Chin Chow" rolls
on with Celestial timelessness.
The Asche extravaganza hag SO
broken all theatrical records that
its continued vitality demands re-
search by an international board of
drama scientists to discover what
vitamines nourish it. These ele-
ments must have been lacking in the
New York production, for here it did
not have a long career. We didn't
find irresistible allurement in its
music, exotic setting, the Oriental
fable and lack of clothes. We have
lavished a long run homage on
meek drama of the hackwoods
people and state line divorce col
ony. The bizarre seems to have a
greater appeal for the British than
for us. Then there is the familiar
c'est la gateare explanation. In 1916
London and the older people were
soul sick at the daily reports of the
dying in France, and all the younger
people were soul sick at the daily ex-
perience of living in France. Going
TO "Chu Chin Chow" was like a
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Your editorial eight Hour
Sailors" does not overstate the con.
trast between the old conditions and
the new In the merchant service.
When man shipped in deep water
vessels flying the American flag IL
made no difference what rig they car
ried-full-rigged ship, bark, barken-
tine, brig, brigantine or six-ma sted
schooner man had to be a GOOD
sailor and was always proud to be
recognized as Yank in any foreign
port.
wages and food in those days: SIG for
o. D., $22 for A. B. month. Twenty
four hours was days work, and no
overtime. Bootleg coffee and hard
tack and cornmea) mush for break.
fast. Salt horse and beans for dinner
one day, sow-belly and beans the next
and every man furnished tin plate, cup,
knife and fork and spoon. Not enough
WatCI W uA AIlh az anu do LUZ q
bath, that would happen when big
rainstorm would come along. Then
the scuppers would be, plugged UP to
save the fresh water.
There were no hammocks in the fore
castle or deck houses only double
decked hunks and every man furnished
his own bedding. The conditions liz
the coast and lake boats were far bet
ter, both as to wages and food.
The only time we worked watch and
watch was when our ship was in lati-
tudes where the entire watch on deck
was busy trimming sails. But when in
the track of the trade winds all hands
worked on deck from seven bells in
the morning watch until two bells in
the first dog watch~that is, 1880 a. m.
to 5 p. m--then watch and watch until
next day at 1880 a. m.
The two dog watches changed the
time of watches every twenty-four
hours, because two hours constitute a
dog watch. Whom in the trades the
watch on deck at night may get an
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
A Phil kearny Memorial
Renewed Plea for Stately Monu-
mcnt in Trinity Churchyard

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: 1t was regrettable that my plea
for the Identification Of lower Broad
way by the erection of a stately monu-
ment in old Trinity churchyard in
honor of General Philip Kearny, as
published in your issue of September
Is, 1920, was lost sight Of in conse-
quence of the explosion in Wall Street
on the following day.
Philip Kearny had proved himself
by the display of sublime heroism in
America, in Africa and in Europe to
be the most accomplished soldier of
his time. He was an illustrious son
OF the Empire State. General Winfield
Scott described him as "the bravest
man and most perfect soldier that
have known" and yet, for all this,
Kearny's application for command of
New York troops in 1861 was denied
through no fault of his. New Jersey
gave him high command, and Abra-
ham Lincoln, himself "a general Of the
rarest ability" made him major gem
erai. More even than that, / sigh with
pity when I remember that an order
appointing Philip Kearny to the COM
mand of the Army of the Potomac was
lying in the War Department at Wash
ington awaiting President Lincoln's
signature when the sad news came
that "our lily, the flower Of our knight
hood, the whole army's PRIDE" had
been killed in battle at Chantiliy.
Then Trinity Corporation became the
custodian Of our hero's body. For fifty
years it remained in the obscurity of
a private vault, din the heart of the
city, unknown and unnoticed," until
its removal to the National Cemetery
at Arlington, Va, in April, 1919. The
place which was consecrated bv our
hero's dust in the old churchyard
should, in my judgment, be marked in
our day by memorial that shall be
worthy of him and OF ourselves. Time
will efface the remembrance of our
neglect, and we shall be comforted TO
know that after life's fitful fever Phil
Kearny sleeps we'll, with Phil Sheridan
and other peers, in the beautiful land
Of Virginia.
HENRY MURRAY CALVERT,
Past Commander U. S. Grant Post, 327.
Dept. N. Y, G. A. r.
Brooklyn, May 16, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19

body, while knowledge Of a 6.,a
guage can but slightly inauens. ''R'
lives for the better. 0as
Mr.. Edison's theory is tina. n. -.
edge Of most worth ii that yh,s saosi'
be found packed IN encvclos s4 !, ga
gazetteers and other works ~ p s1
ence. sefsg'
Herbert Spencer himself prsst,..p.
never went to school. Wb.a
needed facts in ths preparation :, :, -
synthetic philosophy he emplov.s ll'
perts to collect them, and thev rs
published at his expense, and a.. vera ..,,'
being published long after his ~. ssa
as a charge to his estate ma. .sa.a
title Descriptive Sociology =. as
benefit of students. How ~
familiarity, upon examination .aasa
Mr., Edison show with this pre,, -.
Of important knowledge? lug
c. ID. CAMPBELL.
New York, May Is, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Distinction Via Colleo.
To the Editor of The Tribn,.

To the Editor of The Tribuns.
Sir: Replying to Mr.. Es,.o,.
structures concerning thefitnessos MA.
Of college education for recognition !,
the world, let me call attention .s ~
records furnished by "Who's WI. -
America" =
college graduates represent ms.
per cent OF the total number fornl,,
ing educational statistics. " =.
graduates of the United State, N.,.,
and military academies be added y.
total of college graduates bseom..
1915 per cent. And if we ada !,
these the number of collegisns ~.
received college education but "A
not take full course the percentays s.
comes 49,"
This shows that of the person, p.
lected by the editors Of "Who,s M,
in America" for special distinction n
per cent are indebted to the Amsri,,,
colleges for their education.
FREDERIC W. PANGBoRs
New York, May 16, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19

ought to make clear that, all these
things have been done not for the
racial elements themselves but for
the whole nation. The emphasis
must be not upon the separate
origins of the contributions, but
rather upon the common object to
which they have been made. Con-
Quoted in that spirit the festival
may be made of inestimable value.
Despite what DR.. Eliot says, it Is
evident that the melting-pot process
has been successful to a consider
able degree and will continue to
operate more effectively as the vol
ume of immigration decreases.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
New Jerseys Juryless Law
To the Editor Of The Tribune.

/ v VIC A1dAeOA VI Il ut IFluuHS.
Sir: A correspondent in this morn
ing's Tribune seems to approve the re-
cent elimination of jury trials Of pro-
.hibition offenders n the State Of New
Jersey.
Article 6, one Of the earliest amend
ments to the Federal Constitution,
reads as follows:
In all criminal prosecutions the ac-
cused shall enjoy the right to speedy
and public trial by an impartial jury
(. and have the assistance of
counsel for his defense"
The question naturally arises, Are
the prohibitionists in New Jersey
afraid to trust the enforcement of the
Eighteenth Amendment TO panels of
jurors? Are juries different human
beings from those Assemhlymen whose
ratification Of the amendment in ques-
ton is alleged to have represented the
will of the Jersey voter?
EDWARD osTRoM JR.
Brooklyn May 1s, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Sheep or Wild Dogs ?

Mrs. August Belmont's abandon
n,ent of sheep-raising is noteworthy
but not singular. Thousands of per-
sons in the Eastern and Middle states
have had experiences similar to hers.
They have engaged in sheep-raising,
only to have their flocks decimated
or worse by lawless dogs.
Mrs. Belmont, rightly conceiving
that Massachusetts, and other New
England states are we'll adapted to
sheep-raising, sought to promote
the industry through the importa-
ton and culture of some of the fine
thoroughbred stock. But when
dozens of her sheep were killed by
wild" dogs and the courts awarded
her trif1ing indemnity she gave it
up in despair.
Dogs which are properly trained
and kept within bounds seldom do
sheep harm. To develop sheep it
Is not necessary to exterminate or
to Danish mans best animal friend.
1t would be sufficient to do away
with merely the hungry, lawless
tramp dogs, whose owners permit
them to be a nuisance to the commu-
nifty. It should be as much an offense
to starve dog as q horse.
1t ought not to take thoughtful
legislators long to choose between
the promotion Of a beneficent in
dustry and the liberation of pub
tic nuisance.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
A Student $ Opinion
To the Editor of The Tribune.

TO the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: The generally fine results 81 4
college education should not be dis.
paraged simply because certain sun.
posedly representative colIegians fail
to attain success in answering Mr.
Edison's QUESTIONABLE.
There is no reason why the college
should be held particularly responsible
for failure to give its students ''prss-
teal" knownedge. So far as difficulty
is concerned, the questions call FOR no
advanced training; indeed, they are de-
cidedly elementary in more than one
respect. Memory is the only faculty
called to account and intelligence has
never yet been judged by capacity Tor
remembering somewhat irrelevant
facts. HARRY G. OWEN.
Middlebury College, Middlebury Vt,
May Is, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Herbert Spencer and Edison

Herbert Spencer and Edison
To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: MFR. Edison's examination
questions are based on the theory that
education Is matter of memorization
Of facts. His theory is discredited BY
the best authorities on education.
Herbert Spencer, the English
philosopher, in his chapter on What
knowledge Is of Most WORTH" in his
work on education, says that knowl-
edge Is most valuable which most in
timately concerns our welfare and
happiness--that familiarity with the
laws of meteorology, for instance, is
more important than knowledge Of
Greek, because the weather is mat
ter of intimate daily concern to every
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
John Haynes Holmes
To the Editor Of The Tribune,

y V'IV NuItVL V1 NC IEIpune,
Sir: In re to-day's editorial
Ethics and Haywood" would it not
have been better to have published
the name of the "noted minister Of
the gospel" who, you say, denounced
Bill Haywood for skipping his bail !,
l. myself am interested in knowing
his name, and believe that others
of your readers would also appreciate
your publishing it. You have never
hesitated to publish the name of John
Haynes Holmes, for instances wher
you saw fit to denounce his doctrines.
SHIRLEY l.. MARTIN.
BSeeklyn. May 17s 1s2As
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19

ticket Of leave, a furlough, and it's
impetus still carries it on and on.
In the mean time the super-criti-
cal weeklies of London continue to
denounce Oscar Asche and his CO
star wife, Lily Brayton, for desert
ing the classic stage. Apparently in
London as in New York the sure
way to secure theatrical success is to
enrage the superior into blistering
condemnation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
The Divided Fleet
Departure from One of the Funda-
mental Principles Of Strategy

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Under the previous Admins
tration our fleet was divided, half Of
it being stationed on the Atlantic ana
half on the Pacific Coast. Under The
present Administration our feet has
not yet been reunited. A recent dis
patch from Washington published In
| The Tribune stated that there Wss
| likely to be a still further division
through the establishment OF another
feet on the Asiatic station. As The
Tribune has frequently pointed out
this division of our naval forces con
stitutcs a departure from one Of the
most fundamental principles Of
strategy.
A great many people do not seem to
appreciate the importance Of the
grouping of our naval units in time
of peace. These people apparently
think that 1t is a simple matter to re-
group ones forces when war threat
ems. They fail to realize that when
an international crisis has onts
arisen mobilization becomes very
grave matter.
Such a mobilization is felt to be
warlike move by the other party 70
the dispute and may result in STAN
peding him into a declaration Of Wsr'
thus abruptly putting an end to all
efforts toward peaceful solution Q!
the difficulty. Feeling that war Is !
probability, he will be very eager y
take advantage of any sSrateglcal
weakness on the part of his opponent
before it can be rectifed.
If this country were suddenly IN
volved in war with an Asiatic power
our contemplated Asiatic fleet mlgn'
be caught by an overwhelming fofcs
and annihilated, especially i tao
enemy resorted to the tactics Of ths
japanese in the Russo-Japaness VAL
when Japanese torpedo boats sttseke'
the Russian fleet before war had DesA
declared.
Those who believe that the Pnihp
pines are securely protected By tas
presence of g division Of dFeso'
noughts do not understand thst IN '''
event of war this force would st ons'
attempt to fall back on the Pss'AO
feet. On the other hand, as long ~
our feet remained in being, even i /"
were concentrated in the Asiahu'
Ocean, the conquest Of the Phlhp,
pines by hostile power would % ~.
as impossible as was the conquest =
Egypt by Napoleon SO long as wv
sons fleet remained unsubdued.
In view of these facts the puoi'
may be pardoned if it fails 80 ~
low those in control of our ma
policy in disposing our naval ah'''
as they are at present.
We can scarcely expect that snVs,
responsible for our naval policy Vs.
shout from the housetops the reasS
for every strategical disposition W.
make, but it does seem ressorsD'e
suppose that when the primary p
ciple of naval strategy IS Vi0' 49,
the public will be given SONS ms
of the reasons that have MAS
necessary or advisable.
". 3. coNNErT.
es.... ~ wav ~. 1881.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19
Where Is Lake Lucernea

To the Editor OF The Tribune.
SIR: read with interest the ques-
tions asked by Mr.. Edison, but as e
Swiss and knowing my geography l
would like to know il Mr.. Edison is
joking when he asks where Is Lake
Lucerne?
There is no such lake In Switzerland.
There Is q Vierwald Slater See or
Lac des Quatre Cantons, on which the
ely of Lucerne or Luzern is located.
And, perhaps, Mr.. Edison does not
know that there is no such lake as Lake
Geneva. Lac Leman IL big Swiss lake
and the city Of Geneva is st its outlet;
really Geneva Is built on both sides
Of the River Rhone. GEOGRAPHY.
Brooklyn, May IL, 1921.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-05-19

fourteen years of government serv-
ice it was his duty to provide for the
future OF his family. But the sum
mons came before he had much OPP
portunity to realize this hope, 1t is
still the habit of republics to be I'M
grateful.