davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11

range Al east, Boise meridian, has
fled notice of intention to make
three year proof, to establish claim to
the land above described, before
register and receiver of U. s. land
office, at Blackfoot, Idaho, on the
twelfth day of May, 1921.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Bert Coumerilh, j. o. Morgan both
Of Blackfoot, Idaho, William Eng
land, Hyrum Grimmett both Of More
land, Idaho.
j. T. CARRUTH,
adv. 2S-30-32-34-36-38 Register.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11
NOTICE OF DIsSOLU.
TON OF PARTNERSHIP

To Whom it May Concern:
On the third day of March, 1921
the general partnership Of w. ].
Ramsey, L. F. Ramsey and F.. c.
Ramsey, doing business under the
firm name of Ramsey's Cash Store
at Wapello, Bingham county, Idaho
was dissolved by mutual agreement,
F. G. Ramsey taking over the entire
interest of the business together with
all stock, fixtures assets and liabilit-
les. The business will be continued
under the firm name with F. C. RAM
sey sole owner and proprietor. All
claims against the firm should be ad-
dressed to Blackfoot, route No. 3.
adv, 27-28-29-30
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION

NOTICE FUR PUBLICATION
Department Of the interior, U. S.
land office at Blackfoot. Idaho,
March rs, 1921.
Notice is hereby given that Sarah
e. Thomas of st. Anthony, Idaho.
who on April %, 1916 and August
%, 1920, made homestead entry
serial No. 023932 and No. 027631,
for SWA NWA. SWA section Is:
Ell NEA, EN- SEA 81; NJ
NWA, SEA NWA section 20, town
ship south, range 80 east, Boise
meridian, has filed notice Of inten-
ton to make three year proof, to
establish claim to the land above de-,
scribed, before Register and Receiver
Of U. s. land office, at Blackfoot,
Idaho, on the fifth day Of May, 1921.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Hobart A. Thompson, Orville Cod
frey, Alfred Twitchell, William P.
Thompson all of Basalt, Idaho.
Stock-raising homestead entity act
December 20, 1916 (39 Stats. S62.)
j. T. CARRUTH,
adv. 26-2S-30-32-34-36 Register.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11
POINTS CONSIDERED
IN STANDARD BREEDS
Size, Shape and Color Are Out.
standing Factors.
Desirable Uniformity of Excellence
Can Be Maintained In Every
Practical Quality by Careful
Selection Of Breeders.

Standardized poultry, as the
phrase is commonly used in America,
IL poultry bred to the standards es-
tablished by the American Poultry
association. The principal points con-
sidered are size, shape and color, say
poultry specialists In the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Size and shape are breed character
istics and largely determine practical
values Of poultry. Many standard
breeds are divided into varieties diff
fering in color, but identical In every
other respect. Color is not a pri-'
! mary utility point, but as secondary
point often comes in for special con-
sideration. For example. white va
riety and black variety Of the same
breed are actually identical in table
quality, but because some black birds
do not dress for the market as clean
and nice looking as white ones, it
often happens that they are not as
salable.
When a flock Of fowls is kept for
egg production only, uniformity In
color is much less important than ap-
proximate uniformity in size and type.
yet the more attractive appearance Of
a flock of birds Of the same color JUS
tifles selection for color as far as It
can be followed without sacrificing
any material point.
When poultry keeper grows his
own stock year after year. he should
by all means use stock of well-es-
tablished popular standard breed BY
doing So and by selecting as breeders
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11
MAKING PLANS FOR GARDENS
Well to Remember That Quick Grow.
Ing Salad Plants Will Not Thrive
In Poor Soils.

When laying off the garden 1t is well
to remember that lettuce radishes, tur-
nips. onions. beets, cabbage and all Of
the quick-grOwing salad plants will not
grow satisfactorily unless planted in
rich soil. Quick growth is necessary to
avoid their being tough and unpala.
table. But tomatoes, beans, sweet corn
and pole and lima beans will grow well
On any fairly fertile new soil.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION

Department OF the interior, U. 8.
land office at Blackfoot, Idaho. April
2, 1921.
Notice is hereby given that Bertha
Young, widow of Wesley 0. Young,
deceased, Of Lava Hot Springs,
Idaho, who on June 20, 1915 and
November 20, 1918, made homestead
entry serial No. O24696 and No.
031513, for lots 2, 3 and 4, Eh
SWA section 19; M NWA, NWA
NEA section 80, township 4 south,
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11

only as many Of the best specimens
Of the flock as are needed to produce
the chickens reared each year there
Is maintained highly desirable uni-
formity Of excellence In every prac.
tlcal quality and pleasing uniform
ity In color.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11
FOOT WARMER HELPS
IN SEVERE WEATHER
Efficient Device for Carriage or
Automobile.
Fire Brick Fitted into container and
Packed With Remembering Ma.
teriaI viii Add Greatly to
Drivers Comfort.

The accompanying illustration shows
a simple but efficient foot-warmer that
may be used IN carriage or automo
bile. 1t is constructed on the principle
Of the fireless cooker. A brick is used
as the carrier of the heat, and torn pa
per as the nonc0nducting material ne
tween the metal brick container and
the sides of the box.
To make one, simply take an old
box about - inches long, 8 inches wide
and 8 Inches deep. Take a piece Of
sheet metal. and cut and fit II to the
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11

The allies seem to have replaced
the watch on the Rhine with an
alarm-clock. News.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11

President Harding's statement
that one of his hobbies is to help men
who are down and out" should not
be misconstrued by Democratic post
masters. -COlumbia Record.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11

Those Who See Not-Blind Beggar
(who had been advised to go to
work )-"And what would you have
me work at-me being blind from
BIRTH"
Old Genleman-"Why, my friend,
many of your colleagues have sue
ceeded splendidly as diplomats. -
ILLUSTRATION (Paris.)
Revised Version.-When Fashion
enters the door, bills fly in the
window.-Boston Transcript.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1921-04-11

size of a large friedrich, leaving
enough metal so that when the form is
set In the center of the box the edges
Of the metal will come to the edge of
the box, as shown In the sketch.
Fill the space underneath and
around the metal with torn paper. and
nail the metal to the box.-Harvey
Mead In Popular Science Monthly.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
WALDEN

Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Thmston spent
New Years day with their daughter,
Mrs. Lyle kingsbuly.
G. II. Kingsbury spent the day
with II. E. Judkins, family Of East
Hardwick.
A deer crossed the road near the
red bridge Sunday forenoon going
west, and was soon followed by two
hounds, altho the deer was evidently
safe as the hounds appeared pretty
weary travelling in the soft snow
Durgan of Cabot is pressing the
hay on the Hanna farm for John
Bennett.
There were no church services in
town last Sunday because Of the i'll
ness of the pastor.
Mrs G.. II. kingsbuly received word
Of the death of her brother, George
ellis. at his home in Keene. N. H.,
on Dec %. She went Thursday to
attend the funeral which was held
Friday. Dec. 81 at the Congregation
al church of that town.
One of the sNdding horses on Will
lie Rocks Job in the wooks was very
severely injured last week.
n. !. kinpsburv came up from St.
Johnshury Thursday and spent the
dav with relations and old friends.
G.. H. Kinngsburv had the misfor-
tune to lose nice registered Jersey
COW last week.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
EAST ST. IOHNSBURY

Miss Ann Smith returned TO her
work in New Jersey Saturday.
Miss LORNA Chandler returned to
her home in Lancaster, N. H., Sat
urday.
Mr. and Mrs. Locke spent the New
Year day with Mr.. and Mrs. H. Z.
Dean in St. Johnsbuy
One new member was admitted to
the church Sunday on confession of
faith.
N. Fields is moving to Passumpsic
During their stay here they have
made many friends who regret to
have them leave town.
Miss Doris Shores returned from
her vacation Thursday.
The Perrin boys returned to their
school duties in Hanover Tuesday
Robert Perrin left on Thursday for
short business trip in Baltimore,
Md.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
School Notes

The schools opened Tuesday for
tic winter term. All parents and
friends of the pupils are cordially in
vited to visit the schools often dur
ing the comming months.
The pupils in Miss Folsoms class
having no absent or tardy marks dur
ing the fall term are; Marjorie Brown
Frances Chccvcr, Katherine Filth,
Dorothy FAIR, Rcta Lawrence, Muricl
Martin, May Mooney, Dorothy Scott,
Genevieve Walsh, Wallace Hardy and
Kenneth Lane.
The teachers evening class which
started early in the fall term for the
benefit of those teachers who wished
to become more efficient in public
school music was resumed last night.
The subjects offered in this course
are: sight reading, ear training, the
DRY, and methods.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
I.YNDONVIIIF

Miss Laura Dow of Barnet was the
guest of Miss Bessie Harris for New
Years during Miss Harris vacation
from her school at Meriden, N. H.
Miss Emily G. Calef is the new
Red Cross nurse, and has arrived in
town to take up her duties. She is
staying at G. NJ. Campbell's and can
be called there.
A pleasant home wedding took
place Sunday, Jan. 2, at the home Of
M. and Mrs. William Busket, the
contracting parties being his daugh-
ter, Rita and Louis Thomas, a native
of Macedonia, and now a barber in
the employ of Grover Foster The
ceremony was performed by the Rev,
II. J. Human.
The trade between Howe and Har-
riman for the brass foundry has fall
len throu, and Mr.. Howe retains the
foundry, and has bought the building
and the land which has been owned
by Nj. Hartman up to this time,
Miss Violet Parker, daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin Parker and
Howard Little son of Mr.. and Mrs
Richard Little were married New
Years day, at Lyndon by the Rev.
Mr.. Sturtevant.
An old-fashioncd Watch meeting
was held at the Methodist church
Friday evening, with an attendance
of about thirty. The meeting includ-
ed religious program, with prayer,
remarks by the pastor, and singing,
and was followed by a social hour
and refreshments. At midnight, the
usual greetings were exchanged and
all united in singing "Blest be the
Tie that Binds"
Herman Davis and Sabra Wyman
Of this town were married Dec. 70 at
Herman Davis and Sabra, both OF
this town, were married Dec. ~ at
the Methodist parsonage at Lyndon,
by the Rev. Mr.. Sturevant.
Archelaus Drown died at his home
on Main street Sunday at the age
of 81, having been very feeble for
some years. He leaves 4 widow and
two daughters.
Miss Doris Hovey has been SPEND
in New Years and the week end with
friends in St. Johnsbury
S. L. Annis, of Fithburg, Mass,
has come here to take the place Of
Herbert LeBarron as storekPeper at
the railroad shops.
The Rev James J. Hutchinson and
daughter, Louise of Barton were in
town the last of the week. Miss
Louise visited Miss Evelyn Forsythe,
while Mr.. Hutchinson was one of the
speakers at the reception aiven to
Sen. elect William p. Russell at his
home in Kirby Thursday evening.
Other speakers from her were the
Rev w J MacFarlane and Prin. o.
d. MathewSon.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
FLAG PRESENTED

At the regular meeting of the girl
scouts Of Red Rose troop on Mon
day afternoon, beautiful silk flag
was presented by chamberlain Wo-
mans relief corps number 4. The
speech of presentation was made by
Mrs. Robert Wakefield, patriotic in
Structor of the relief corps, and the
flag was accepted for the scouts by
Sergeant Ruth L. Cary. Guests fol
the afternoon were Mrs. Mabel Car
penter, president Of the relief corps
Mrs. Macomber, Mrs. Francis A
Poole, and Mrs. Rebecca p. Fair
banks. Ruth Ruiter read an account
of a scout hike entitled "Scouts
around the world" The troop prac-
ticed military drill under Lieut.. Car
penter.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
old Herrick

A BARGAIN-The old Herrick
Viola, known to be about so years old,
in perfect condition, looks like new, a
fine toned instrument, will sell cheap.
Chas. S. Hastings, 20 Main st. 1856 tt
FOR SALE-Team bells made to or
der $500 per pair. Lyndonville Brass
Foundry. A. Z. Howe, Prop. 159-l82~
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
Classified Dept.

PARTIES having rooms and board
or rooms without board, notify EN-
ployment Office. Tel. $50. E. and I.
Fairbanks Co. 1874 If
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

Haswell Chapter, No. II, r. A. M.
Called Convocation Wednesday even
iRg. Jan. 5th, 7.30 2. M, Work, p. NJ.
and M. E. degrees. Stated Convoca-
ton Friday evening, Jan. 14th, at 100
p. NJ. Business.
f. C. Beck, E. H. P.
r. A. Pearl, Sec'y.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
ASPIRIN
Name "Bayer" on Genuine

Beware. Unless you see the name
"Bayer" on package or on tablets you
are not getting genuine Aspirin pre-
scribed by physicians for twenty-one
years and proved safe by millions.
Take Aspirin only as told in the Bay
er package for Colds, Headache,
Neuralgia, rheumatism, Earache,
Toothache, Lumbago, and for Pain.
Handy tin boxes Of twelve Bayer
tablets of Aspirin cost few cents.
Druggists also sell larger packages.
Aspirin is the trade mark of Bayer
Manufacture of Observation-Disclosures
Of Salicylicacid.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
WANTED

MALE and FEMALE attendants 4u0
nurses wanted at the Vermont State
Hospital. Wage scale materially ad-
vanced April l, 1926. Apply to f. \.
Stanley. Supt. 1874 If
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

Palestine Commandery, No. 5 K. T.
Special Conclave, Tuesday evening
Jan. II at 7.30 Work, The order of
the X. T., will be conferred. Visit
ing Knights are always welcome at
our Conclaves. Lunch will be served
BERNARD A. JOHNSON, Z. Com.
Aluthur NJ. Lang, Recorder.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
Passumpsic Communication, No. 81,
F. and A. M.

Regular communication Thursday
evening, Jan. 6, 1921 at 7.30. Regu-
lar needing for the despatch of bus
mess.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

AGENTS WANTED in ST. Johns
bury to sell the Original Watkins
Remedies, Spices, Extracts, etc. Nee
essities and repeaters. All or spare
time. Write Watkins Co., SO New
York City. 143-150-15G-162*
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
LOST AND FOUND

FOUND-Childrcn's glass in front of
Premier. Inquire Newport Record
Office 160-162
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

Arthur l.. Graves, ". VI.
Fred H. Doloff, Sec.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
LIVELY RACES
new YEARSDAY
/ AT LYNDONVILLE
Lady Bingen and E. A. S.
Feature Days Sport
On Speedway

The races on the Speedway the
afternoon of New Years day drew a
big crowd and a good deal Of interest
The following were the contestants,
with the scores made:
Glass A
Friday Q, Neaglem, l /
Tommy Hayes, Welcome , 2
Time 33, &c.. 36.
Glass 3
Cannon King McShanc /
Franklin, LcClerc, , . ,
Time 30 IL, 81
Class
Lady Bingcn, Dr. Brown, , .
E.A s., Christopher 2 l
Time 81 81, 40.
Glass d
Pete trion, Ladd, l
Daisy Queen, Pine, 2 2
3 Tine SO II, 81.
Class L
Jud r. l. Brown, /
New Years, Papneau 2
Time 10, 49,
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
FOR SAFE

FOR SALE-Hudson Bay wolf robe.
Wolf robe. Both in good condition.
Gents winter oycrcoat. Large size.
Practically new. Tel, 54M.
159-164
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

For SALE-Cheviot ram lambs. 800
each, bred from Macdonald college
stock, also want to hear from any
one having Brown Swiss cattle for
sale. Ralph Libby, Stan5tead, P. 9.
158-1wk
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

WANTED-Good all round farm
hand, must be used to milking, Tene-
ment for married man. Address Il.
Caledonian office, stating wages eX-
pected. 160-165
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05
TO RENT

TO RENT-WaIm room. Call 556-
w. 1876 If
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

FOR SALE-Dayton Giant water
motor washing machine, also large
wicker clothes basket, also blue rag
rug, 8x10. Phone 627-R. 1876 If
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. for all
leading magazines. Robert J. Brown
low, No. II Green st. Tel 3937M
160-165
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

WANTED-Position. Young lady,
graduate of business college, desires
position as stenOgraphcr. Call 7l5-N
st. Johnsbury. 100 tt
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

WANTED-At once Two experienced
mattresses, The Montpelier House,
MONTPELIER, Vt. 159-164
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

WOODSMEN WANTED-S. Col
beth, South Danville, Vt. 156-166*
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-01-05

WANTED-By two young ladies just
from Scotland, permanent employ
ment, must be together, willing to do
any kind Of work Address Caledonian
Record office. 160-162
The producers news., 1921-11-18

Mrs. Mary A. Bergh, one of the
pioneer residents of Sheridan county,
passed away at her home in Redstone
after short illness, Friday, Novem-
Der 18th. The funeral services were
held at the M. E. church Sunday faf=
ternoon, Rev. Frame officiating, and
interment made at the Redstone ceme-
terry.
In Mem0riam
Mary A. Lommen was born Ut De-
corah, Ia, Feb. 9th, 1854. On June
9th, 1880, she. was married to Olaf
Bergh, at DEBORAH, Ia. He, having
passed away a few years ago. She
leaves to mourn her, one son, Elmer
v. .Bergh, who resides on the home
stead near Redstone, and two sisters,
Elizabeth and Minnie, and q brother,
Andrew Lomrnen.
Fora number Of years before her
marriage, Mrs. Bergh taught school
at Decorah. She was also County
Superintendent of Schools for Will
iams county, N. D., for two terms.
Mrs. Bergh came to Montana with
her husband and son in 1900 and set
tied on their homestead in sight of
the present town of Redstone, where
thy passed through all the trials and
tribulations of the early day settlers
The producers news., 1921-11-18
sf$SSS>HN<SSt>< <e>rf><>S<>SS><~
Poley
lesday, Nov. !, q
SssssssssSs%s&sss&sSSxg
|hitetail
Prsday, Nov.:24
%Ssss*$$SSscsscssS- /.
f., Is
Fiday, Nov. Is
HHNNeNA>nnn
IS Fs'Hall,0utlook
Nov. rs:

=.
s House. Dooley Wednesday, Noveber 2s and at stvers
saturday November 2eth at Whitehall Thursday
~ Friday Nov. 25th Sis p in each town. con
the like of which has not before taken place in those cities
eranmen will be furnished by Thorsten skaring consld-
E &c worlds leading yrtoso the accordion an
IN Scandinavian countries, it is also IN Italy lie mas
various contests of skill the accordion his last
an Italian player a eleven years ago He tnen
Esss Essa and considerable moi price
Skarng has Travelled extensively IN many european
concerts large cities At the opening OF the war four
playing engagement in Moscow Before he could get
I arrested suspicion of being German spy put was
MS ~ ee EFFORTS of the Norwegian consul at ATcnangie
ability and splendid master Of the technique Of tne
eo fattering comment in the press wherever ne mas
pean and American papers according him highly com
Lack of space this time prevents from giving ex
s o these reviews
mere he will be assisted by his wife who IS talented
and among her solos will be "Solveigs Sang Saeer-
s Aa Nor" Mr. and Mrs Skarnng will render IS Duets
=. Anas Dance" Poet and Peasant Overture NorVe-
e. ef Morse compositions. 81
accordion he will give Nearer my God to thee sexetfe
.osseruP and ether selections
have also made Records for the worlds greatest
benefits aiso give" lsnssi A''t's''ss =. Sf
h gram says: No such scandinavian musical artists g
~ oeen in the Northwest since the tour Of Ole Bull
The producers news., 1921-11-18
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF POPLAR
PLACED IN HANDS OF RECEIVER

After being closed since October
2lst, pending an Investigation, the
First National Bank Of this city was
yesterday placed in the hands of a
receiver by D. R. Crissinger, comp
troller of the currency, says the Pop
lar Standard Y. NJ Smith, who has
been in Poplar for over year liqui-
dating the affairs of the Farmers
Mercantile store, has been named re-
ceiver. Mr.. Smith received his ap-
pointment from Washington Wednes-
day night and took charge Of the bank
Yesterday morning. L. L. Madland,
the national. bank examiner, who has
been in charge Of the bank since it
was closed in October expects to leave
here tonight or tomorrow.
II cannot make any detailed state
ment at this time other than to say
that we eventually hope to work out
a plan Of reorganization" said Mr..
Smith yesterday, following his ap-
pointment as receiver. Mr.. Smiths
appointment was anticipated by those
who have been in touch with the
banks affairs. Two weeks ago he
was given charge of the federal bank
paper In Cne fOplaT Dallk ana Since
that time he has been checking it.
Mr.. Smith has had wide expert
ence in iquidating the affairs Of COM
mercial concerns and during the past
ten years has handled some big deals
of this nature.
AS stated, the First National Bank
has been closed since the 21st of last
month. It is said that the bank ac-
tually suspended about the 7th of last
month. Prior to that time Mr.. Fred
Williams, Of the federal reserve bank
at Helena, came here to check the pa
per: held by the Montana institution
IN the First National. Some time af-
ter his arrival L. l.. Madland, a feder-
al bank examiner, arrived here and
together with Mr.. Williams began q