The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-03-04
HOUSE UNABLE TO
 OVERRIDE VETO OF
 EMERGENCY TARIFF
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 duties upon certain agricultural products to meet present emergency, to provide revenue and for other purposes.
 The title of this measure indicates that it has several purpose. The report of the committee on ways and means reVeals that it's principal object is to furnish re- lief to certain producers in the nation who have been unable to discover Ssttis- factory markets in foreign countries for their products and whose prices have fal- len Very little reflection would lead anyone to conclude that the measure would not furnish in any substantial de- gree the relief sought by the producers of most of the staple commodities Whlch it covers. This nation has been for very many years large exporter of agricuI- tural products. For nearly generation prior to the European war it's exports exceeded it's imports of agricultural com modities by from approximately $zU,VVo- 600 to more than $600,0O0,0OO. In recent years this excess has greatly increased and in 1919 reached the huge total or $l,- 904, 292, 900.
 .The excess of exports of staple pro- ducts is especially marked In 1913 the nation imported 7S3, ,4Sl bushels of wheat valued at s670 gSl, and in 1920, 35S4S,e4S bushels worth $75, ,3s6 ,S34; while it exported in 1913. g9, sos, ,96S bushels worth $99se, = 83S. and in 1920, 2lS, ,2S0, ,731 bushels valued at s59s 557, ,796 In the year 1913 it import ed S3 1S3 barrels of wheat flour valued at $347, SIT, and in 1920. S0o,7$ barrels, val ued at $S, 669, 300; while it exported Tn the first year i. PTS 206 barrels valued at $5o, S65 44 and in 1920, 19 S53, ,952 barrels valued at S2z4. 472. AS. In 1913 it imported s3SSS, ,6o4 worth of corn, and in 1920, g, 237, ,37 worth, while. it's exports in the first year were valued at $26,5i5 ,146, and in 1920 at %Se,- 433, ,6S1
 COTTON SITUATION
 sOf unmanufactured cotton in 1920. it imported approximately 300,oO0,ooo hounds, valued at $138,743,0OO, while It exported more than S,l79,OO0,00o pounds worth over $1,136,oOO,O00. or preserved milk, in the same year it in~ ported s3.331,12 worth, and exported s651 239, O2O worth. It's imports in the same year of sugar and wool. of course. greatly exceeded its exports, 1t is obvious that for the commodities, except sugar and wool, mentioned in the measure which make up the greater part of our agricultural inter- national trade, the imports can have little or no effect on the prices of the domestic products. This is strikingly true of such commodities as wheat and corn The imports of wheat have comS mainly from Canada and Argentina and have not competed with the do- nestle crop. Rather they have sup plemented it.
 "Further demand has been for spe- cific classes and qualities of foreign wheat to meet particular milling and planting needs. They are a small frac- ton of our total production and of ouA wheat exports. The price of wheat is a world price, and it is a matter of lit tie moment whether the Canadian wheat goes directly into the markets of the other countries of the world or indirectly through this country. The relatively small quantity of corn inns ported into this country has special ized use and does not come into com> petition with the domestic commodity.
 NO SHORT CUT
 "The situation in which many of the farmers of the country find themselves cannot be remedied by a measure of this sort. This is doubtless generally understood. There is no short way out of existing conditions, and measures of this sort can only have the effecs of deceiving the farmers and or raising false hopes among them. Actual relief can come only from the adoption of constructive measures of a broader scope, from the restoration of peace everywhere in the world, the resump- tior of normal industrial pursuits, tho recovery particularly of Europe, and the discovery there of additional cred-' it foundations on the basis which her people may arrange to take from farmers and other producers of this nation greater part of their surplus production.
 ''One does not pay a compliment to the American farmer by attempts to alarm him by dangers from foreign com petition. The American farmers are the most effective agricultural producers in the world. Their production is several times as great for each worker as that of their foreign rivals. This grows out of the intelligence of the American farm CT, the nature of his agricultural prac- tices and economy and the fact that he has the assistance of scientific and prac- tical agencies which, in respect to va riety of activity, of personnel and of Financial support, exceed those of any other two or three nations in the world combined. There is little doubt that the farmers of this nation will not only con tinue mainly to supply the home ee- mand, but will be called upon to supply part of the needs of the rest of the world.
 WHAT FARMER NEEDS
 w Hbl tfle ldftueT now needs IS nos only a system of domestic marketing and crediting, but especially larger for eign markets for his surplus products. Clearly. measures of this sort will not conduce to an expansion of the foreign market It is not a little singular thar measure which strikes blow at our foreign trade should follow so closely upon the action of Congress directing the resumption of certain activities of the war finance corporation, especially at the urgent insistence of representatives of the farming interests who believed that it's resumption would improve for eign marketing. Indeed, when one sur veys recent activities in the foreign field, and measure enacted affecting the foreign trade. one cannot fail to be im- pressed with the fact that there is con sistency only in their contradictions and inconsistencies. We have been vigor- ously building up a great merchant ma rine and providing for improvement of marketing in foreign countries of an ex- port trade law and of measures for the promotion of banking agencies of for