davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1921-05-06
BUDGET BILL is
PASSED BY HOUSE
(ey The Associated Dress,

WASHINGTON, May 5.-The bud
get bill was passed today by the
house, but with some changes and
adopted by the senate. 1t now goes
to conference. The vote was 344 to 9.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1921-05-06
REPORT STORM OFF
VIRGINIA CAPES
fev The Assoclated Press.)

WASHINGTON, May 5.-A storm
was reported off the Virginia Capes
tonight moving slowly eastward and
the weather bureau ordered the
northeast storm warning continued
between Boston and Atlantic City.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

divided among these Indians, $50 II
number. The land has all been &C
quired by white people.
BY the treaty of April 20, 1868, the
Dakota Indians, who had roamed Tor
very long time over the country
now contained in North Dakota and
South Dakota, and often hunted on
the Platte and Republican rivers
were limited to a reservation bound
ed on the north by the 10th parallel
OF latitude, which is not far north
OF the boundary between the two
Dakotas; on the cast by the Mis-
souri, river, down to the mouth OF
the Niobrara; its southern boundary
extended along the Niobrara and
keyapaha rivers, to the 43d parallel,
and along that parallel 10 the l04th
meridian, which was the western
boundary of the reservation and also
of South Dakota. The people of
Nebraska protested against the per
mission which the treaty gave the
hostile Indians TO trespass on their
state; and on the 26th of September,
1876, another agreement was made
by which the Dakota gave UP for
ever all right to come into Nebraska
The Sioux were the most populous
Indian family, except the AIgon-
quians, north of Mexico. They num-
bercd 40S00, the Algonquians, CO..
00O-50,000 of whom lived in the
United States and 10000 in Canada.
The Dakota numbered $3.50 in
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

1904 most OF them on reservations
in Minnesota, the Dakotas and Mon
tana, According TO the report OF
the commissioner of Indian affairs
for 1919. there were then about S..
600. of whom 10000 were in South
Dakota. They were family of con-
querors and superior physically,
mentally and morally to any other
western tribe.
Only the Omaha and Winuebsso,
2.+4S, are now reported as distinct
Indian residents of Nebraska.
BY the treaty Of February le, 1861,
the Southern or Arkansas. Cheyenne
and Arapaho ceded all their country
to the United States, except the
small temporary reservations in Colo.
rado, which they ceded October IL,
1868.
Two years later a reservation in
Indian Territory was assigned to
them, The country they ceded ex-
tended westward from the Pawnee
country to the North Platte, whose
course at first is northward, and
from the same river on the north
as far southwark as the Arkansas.
1t now forms a part of the states of
Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, md
Kansas. In 1865 there were $500
Arapahoe-l,S0O at the Wyoming
agency and l,S00 at the upper Ar
kansas agency.
Agitation in Missouri in the late
(Turn ts Pass Four.D
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
Early Day Settlers ....
Quarreled Much Over
Location Of Capital
Nebraska Was Regarded as "Steady-Going' Compared
to Turbulent Kansas-T Territorial Government
Carried ON Largely by "Carpebagger" Off
cas-History Of States Indian Tribes.

ment as the capital and capitol was
built there with federal appropria-
ton. The third. fourth and fifth
territorial assemblies adjourned from
Lccompton to Lawrence. and the
laws enacted at the de facto capital
were recognized as valid.
For four OF the six years during
which Lecompton was the legal capi-
tai Lawrence might more properly
have been regarded as the actual
capital. On the other hand, during
the entire territorial period in Ne
braska. II years. Omaha was the
only capital. and there was only one
attempt to hold a session of the leg
islative assembly elsewhere, and that
was abortive.
"Carpetbaggers."
Owing, in part, at least, to Ne
braska's sparse population at the out
set its territorial officers were nearly
all carpetbaggers. Neither of the
territorial governors was a resident
Of the territory at the time of his
appointment, all of the territorial
judges but one were imported from
distant states, the first delegate to
congress was citizen of Missouri
and not even a resident of Nebraska,
and at least nine members of the first
territorial assembly came from
Iowa and returned to reside there
after the session ended.
While settlers were precluded
from Nebraska because all the lands
were held to belong to Indians at
the TIME of the territorial organiza-
ton, in Kansas strenuous colonial
lion from the far east on the one
hand and principally from contigu-
Gus Missouri on the other began I'M
mediateiy on the passage of the or
ganic act and was pressed with
great vigor. So that while 1888
votes were cast in Kansas at the
election of delegate 10 congress
November 2o, 1854, only 800 votes
were cast at the election in Nebraska
for the same purpose on December
II. 1854
According to the United States
census Of 1860, the population Of
Kansas was 107.20o; of Nebraska,
28,84l; in 1870. Kansas, 564,5oo, Ne
braska, l22,e33; in 1880, Kansas,
oo6,Ooo, Nebraska, 4524O2; in 1890,
65o; in 1900, Kansas, 1,47O,4os, Ne
$50: in 1900, Kansas, l,470,4o5; Ne
braska, 1906, 800; in 1910, Kansas,
1.6o0,o4o, Nebraska, l,le2,2l4; in
1920, Kansas, 1,7oo,257, Nebraska,
l,2os,s02.
So the Nebraska tortoise is catch
ing up with the at first swift Kansas
hare. The gain in Kansas for the
first decade was 23oo per cent, in
Nebraska 32o.5 per cent; for the sec
ond decade, Kansas 1884, Nebraska
2o7.S; for the third decade; Kansas
43.4 Nebraska l54o; for the fourth
decade-l890 to 1900, drouth period
Kansas 3, Nebraska "a; for the
fifth decade, Kansas Is, Nebraska
ll8; for the sixth decade-l910 to
l920-kansas 4.6, Nebraska 81.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

by the Dakota, their neighbors on
the north and west, and they were
in constant fear of attack. 1t was
partly on account of these troubles
with the Dakota that in 1877, the
Ponca. numbering ~, were removed
to a reservation in Indian Territory
where they still live.
Homesick Indians.
In 1879 65 of these homesick In
dians ran away from their new
home and came back to their old one
in Nebraska. and by 1882, 2l0 had re-
turned. After great deal of trouble
had been made about it, they were
allowed to stay. In 1886 their NUM-
Der was about 800: in 1919, 642-
only 200 of full blood-in Oklahoma
and 33S under the Yankton school.
The forced removal of the Ponca
was very cruel; yet, largely because
they had always been very friendly
to their white ncighbors, the govern
ment of the United States at last
gave them liberal rewards in land
and money. None of these domestic
TRIBES - Omaha, Oto, Pawnee and
Ponca-ever made war upon the
white people; but all of them, and
the Pawnee worst of all, we're ad-
dicted to stealing. and in following
this habit they often killed their
white victims.
In 1886 a reservation Of 400 sec
tons, situated on the south side OF
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
May, 1855, to their reservation,
where they still remain.
Terrors of Smallpox.

NlSlC tiiSJ otiil iSHichi'
Terrors Of Smallpox.
Lewis and Clark were informed
that in the year 1900 the Omaha
were reduced, mainly by smallpox,
from about $500 to 500. and that in
1894 they numbered 900: but these
estimates are guesses and may not
be correct. In 1856 they had in
creased TO 400: in 1910 there were
l,276: June 80, 1919, l,582-l,072 of
full blood; S24 acres Of the reserva-
ton were the unallotted.
The Oto and Missouri Indians,
who united many years ago. lived on
the south bank of the Platte river.
near the site occupied by the town
OF Yutan, in Saunders county. This
place is named for Iatan, a noted
chief of the tribe who lived in the
first half of the 10Th century. In
1883 they ceded to the United States
all their claim or right to land lying
between the Little Nemaha and
Great Nemaha rivers, and on March
Is. 1854, they ceded all the remain
der OF their territory west OF the Mis-
souri, river. In part payment for
this cession the Indians received the
tract rs miles long and 10 miles
wide, intersected by the Big Blue
river and about 50 miles southwark
from the nearest boundary OF the
territory which they conceded they
had the right to sell. The reserva-
ton extended two miles into Kansas.
In 1885 these Indians were removed
from their old village to new home,
also ON the Platte, about seven
miles, in. a direct line southwest
from Bellevue, and like distance
above the mouth of the Platte river.
There they had village on each
side OF the river, but in l848 the
savage Sioux forced them to abandon
it and their principal farm on the
north side.
After that they lived in various
places on the lower Platte, and for
a time on the Missouri river. little
below Nebraska City, until they
were removed to their reservation on
the Blue, in July, 1855. Nearly
tnfee-1Ou1lnS Oh tHlS ItSei NdtIOif-
10000 acres-was sold by authori-
ty of an act of congress, passed Au-
gust IS, 1876, and the remainder was
sold under the act passed March
3, 1881. The price paid for the
land, an average of $577 an acre,
amounting to $o41 .2o7.13, was m
vested by the United States govern
ment for the benefit Of the tribe. A
part of it was expended for new
reservation OF l2o,l15.20 acres in In
dian territory.
Like their kinsmen, the Omaha,
and the Otto and Missouri and their
alien neighbors, the Pawnee, the
Ponca were continuously harassed
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

unique in respect both to population
and disorder. Throughout its terri
torial period, six years and a half
there was continuous violent revolu
ton over the slavery question. There
was no slavery question in Nebraska
but the Platte river caused sectiona
strife for 20 years, about Il OF then,
in the commonly unsteady territorial
period.
During this time there was fierce
quarreling between the North Platte
and the South Platte over the loca-
ton of the capital 1t was allayed
in the main by a provisio. in the
constitution OF 1875 which made II
nearly impossible to take the capital
away from Lincoln.
There was the original fierce fight
over the capital question in the first
legislative assembly. then the break
up OF the fourth assembly in 1857,
aptly called the Florence fasco; in
1859 the formidable undertaking of
the South Platte section to secede
and become annexed to Kansas: next
the removal of Governor Butler by
impeachment in 1871, followed by
the anarchical prorogation proceed
ings in the legislature-lS72-be-
tween the Lincoln cabal and the
,4ehronically hostile Omaha faction.
The repeal of the criminal and
civil codes by the third legislative as
sembly in 1857 was not sectional or
otherwise partisan, but the wanton,
felhsh trick Of a cunning pettifogger
Sn the council, and the defeat. by
bribery. OF the will of two-thirds Of
the members OF the same assembly.
expressed in the passage of bill to
remove the capital from Omaha to a
blueprint place on Salt creek. some
where between the sites now occu-
pied by Waverly aud Greenwood,
manifested positive sense Of ire
sponsibility which, ! believe, was not
matched in the territorial period of
Iowa or Missouri.
Fight for Capital.
The Daily Missouri Republican,
then powerful whig and proslav-
cry newspaper. complimented the
steady going virtue of Nebraska i'll
contrast to the chronic revolutionary
turmoil in KaIsas. The first session
OF the territorial assembly of Ne
braska adjourned sine die March To-,
1855; the members of the first assem-
bly, of Kansas were elected March
80. 1855. The Kansas assembly To-
Gated the capital Of the territory by
an act passed August S, 1855. The
capitol Of the Territory of Ne
braska was begun about that time.
During the short territorial period OF
Kansas its shifty insurgency changed
the capital from Leavenworth,
which was designated as the tenn
porary capital by the organic act,
to the Shawnee Mission, thence to
Pawnee, thence to Lecompton and
thence repeatedly to Lawrence, not
witb;tanding that Lccompton was
: recognized by the federal govern
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
The Indians of Nebraska

Before the white man came, the
Indians who lived in what is now
the state of Nebraska, were of
seven tribes and three different
stocks and they spoke six different
languages.
The Dakota had that part of wha.
is now Nebraska, which lies north
of the Platte river and west OF line
running in a southwcsterly direction
and crossing the river at the fork.
The Ponca country lay along the
Missouri river on the north side OF
. the Niobrara river, partly in what
is now Nebraska and partly in what
is now South Dakota.
The Omaha country stretched
from the Missouri river west to the
sand hills, between the Niobrara riv-
er and the Platte.
The country OF the united Oto
and Missouri tribes lay along the
Missouri river between the Platte
and the Big Nemaha rivers.
The Pawnee country was west OF
the Omaha and Otto, extending from
the Niobrara south across the sand
hills, the Loup river, the Platte and
the Republican to the Solomon river
in Kansas. The southwest part OF
the present Nebraska was then part
of the country of the Cheyenne and
F., Arapahoe, who lived together.
The Pawnee, Ponca, Omaha and
\ Oto and Missouri all lived in fixed
villages along the streams, where
they could have wood and water and
could plant their crops in the fertile
soil of the valleys. Their houses
were of commodious size, built OF
timber framework covered with
garth.
Ponca, Omaha and Otto indicate
that they migrated from the east
into this country not more than
few centuries ago; but the traditions
of the Pawnee indicate that they had
occupied for many centuries the
same country they were holding
when white men first saw them.
The Pawnee.
The Pawnee confederacy, compris-
ing four bands or tribes, ceded all
their country to the United States
the part south of the Platte river
in 1883, and in 1857 all their re.
naming lands save. a reservation
which now comprises all Of Nance
county except tier of six town
ships on the extreme west.
In accordance with an agreemen
made in 1874, this reservation wa'
sold during the six years from 1871
to 1884 for 1876, ,14s.74. About thu
year 1885 their total number wa'
estimated at 10000 to 1900: but
owing mainly to disease and losses
in war with their relentless enemies
the Dakota. there were only zoe
left for removal from Nebraska.
They gradually removed from.
their ancestral home OH the Lour
eastward nearer the white settle.
nlents for protection from the Sioux
In 1889 they were moved from theii
two villages situated southeast oi
Fremont, to their reservation: but
. soon the advancing white settlers
wanted that also. so in the year:
1873. 1874, 1875, they were removed
to their present reservation, in Okla
homa.
Omaha Indians.
At the time white men first knew
the Omaha Indians their regular, OF
favorite. place of residence had beer
within the limits Of the reservation
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
Whites Seize Lands

The Winpebago, who also lived in
Minnesota at the time of the Sioux
uprising, were sent to Crow Creek
for the same reason for which the
Santee were removed there; but the
accusation against them was false.
The real reason was that the white
people wanted their fine Minnesota
lands. They, too, refused to stay,
and soon squatted on part of the
reservation of the Omaha, their
friendly kinsmen. In 1869 strip of
the north side of the Omaha reser-
vation was bought for their perma-
nent home. They then numbered
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19
THE BEE: OMAHA, SUNDAY, JUNE 10, 1921.

the Great Nemaha, was assigned to
the Sauk and Fox OF the Missouri
river. and a band Of the Iowa. About
one-fourth of this land is in the
southeast corner Of Nebraska and
the rest of it in Kansas. About four
years later these Indians began
leisurely to move to the reservation.
BY 1912, A79 Iowa and Az Sauk
and Fox had settled there. In 1916
there were 305 Iowa and eS Sank
and Fox enrolled at the agency in
Germantown; 50 OF these lived in
Nebraska, nearly all in Richardson
county: June 80. 1919, there were
555 Iowa and SO Sauk and Fox, un-
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

1900; June so, 1919, there were
1908, and 72S acres of their reser-
vation were unallottcd.
In 1880 the strip of land about 10
miles wide, bounded on the east by
the Missouri river, on the north by
the Little Nemaha, and on the south
by the Great Nep,aha, containing
l43,647.53 acres, was set aside for
the use of half-breeds of the Omaha,
Iowa, Otto, Yankton and Santee
Sioux. These half-breeds were re-
quired to pay the Otto who owned
this land $5,000--about 2 cents All
acre-for it. In 1859 this land was
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

der the Kickapoo school, in Kansas
as their lands have all been allotted.
The Santee were living in Mime
sofa at the time of the great Sioux
war on settlers there in 1862. They
were accused Of taking part in it and
were consequently removed to Grow
Greek, in Dakota, in 1868. In April,
1866. they were again removed to a
small reservation on the south side
OF the Niobrara river, now in Knox
county. There were 1850 OF them
then; June 80, 1919, there were l,ls2,
under the Yankton school. Having
all received their lands in severalty,
their agency has been discontinued.
Omaha daily bee., 1921-06-19

assigned TO them when they ceded
the rest of their lands to the United
States in March, 1854. In 1904 the
Lewis and Clark expedition found
that their village was situated on
Omaha creek about three miles from
It's mouth, at point now within Da-
kota county. In about 1910, they
were driven by the Dakota from
their old home, and they then set
tied temporarily on the Elkhorn
river, 50 miles to the south. In 1845
for the same reason, they moved
still farther south and east. settling
on the Papillon river, five miles
west of Bellevue, where they re-
mained until they were removed i'll
Great Falls tribune., 1921-12-05
Mor.ana Soldiers
Barracks Bag Comes
in Salvage Shipment

Dillon. Dec. 4-When J. f. Wiki
dal, manager of the Dillon steam laun-
dry, received shipment of renovated
army barrack bags from an army sup
ply concern in Nashville, Tenn, he
received one bag already marked with
army stencil for one of his customers.
On it was the name Of Henry C.
Wyatt, Co. D, End Montana Infantry,
and on the other side was the name
and outfit designated as Co. d, 163rd
infantry, 41st division. 1t was the bag
issued to Mr.. Wyatt when he first en-
listed in the 2nd Montana in April,
1917, and which he carried to France
and back with him as a member of
D company of the 163rd infantry. At
the present time he is employed as a
bookkeeper at the First National bank.
Mr.. Wikidal stated that he would give
the bag to its forer owner to keep
as souvenir of his army service as
well as evidence of an unusual
coincidence.
Great Falls tribune., 1921-12-05
Railway Notorious
Will Replace Train

Dillon. Dec. 4-Motorbus rides on
the railroad between Armstead, Mont,
and Salmon City, Idaho, will be the
transportation facility offered winter
passengers, it is announced by Off
cials of the Gilmore & Pittsburgh rail-
road. The notorious has arrived and
on its trial trip was pronounced sue
cess. 1t carries II passengers. This
is capacity sufficient to handle the
slack season passenger business, it is
declared.
This motorbus is one Of those con-
structed by the Northern Pacific rail
road as an experiment in meeting the
competition offered in some localities
by motorbusses and trucks on public
highways. The Northern Pacific has
some of S6-passenger capacity, it
is said.
Great Falls tribune., 1921-12-05
The Buffer Gets Busy.
S1,000,0O0 MILL
SOON To START At
WISE RIVER CAMP
Brundy, Southern Montana
Mining Settlement to Have
Electric Light Plant, Also.

Dillon. Dec 4.-Establishment of an
electric lighting system at Brundy is
the latest development toward making
that picturesque camp on Wise river
one of the leading mine mill towns of
Montana
Preparations are being made for the
formal opening of the new mill which
will be attended by many eastern fin
anciers who are interested in the COM
pany as well as by hundreds of visitors
from the surrounding country. The
mill represents an expenditure of ST.
100000 and is equipped with the most
modern machinery The concentrator
has 500ton capacity daily. The mill
is second only to the one in Anaconda
in size to any in the state.
The mill and machinery have sue
cessfully passed inspection and prov
ed satisfactory in trials given by Mas
ter Mechanic Whitney. General Man
ager John r. Pope and to Superin-
tendent Feebles. 1t is now pronounced
ready to be put into operation, and
this will be the object Of the big cere-
mony which is now being planned.
Notable Achievement
The development of the Wise river
mines during years when those at the
head have been confronted with the
most adverse circumstances encoun-
tered during recent times marks a no.
able achievement in the history of the
mining industry, and is declared to be
a credit to the indomitable spirit and
perseverance of the company's offic-
ials, especially to former Lieutenant
Governor W. r. Allen, who has been the
animating force behind the enterprise
from the start
Not only have the Wise river work
ings been developed and a million dol
lar mill built, but railroad, the Mon
tana Southern, penetrates into the
rugged mountains to the camp at
Brundy. Plenty of attention has been
given to details that the inhabitants of
the camp may not lack any possible
convenience. The district supports an
excellent school, attended by 25 chill
dren. The mining company handles the
mail for the accommodation of its en-
ployes.
rs Families There
Twenty five families make their home
at Brundy and social life is not ne
elected. At the upper mine six miles
further up the canyon hotel and
boarding house is under construction,
which will accommodate all the en-
ployes. Dry rooms equipped with
shower baths are provided for the en-
ployes' use at any time Of the day or
night. A busy sawmil1 is preparing the
lumber for the new buildings and for
the mines. The camp is fairly seeth-
ing with activity and each day the spot
undergoes some additional transforma-
ton from its original primeval forest
setting to that of an Industrious min
ing camp
Great Falls tribune., 1921-12-05
Senior Fraternity
Announces Pledges
at State College
Special to The Tribune.

Special to The Tribune.
Bozeman, Dec. 4.--Les Bouffons,
the senior mems honorary organiza-
ton at Montana State college, has an
nounced it's pledges for this year. The
men so honored are Ray Amer. Ed
ward Gates. Edward Cogswell. Carroll
Donohue, Bruce 'Holister, Ray Mac
Carren, and Joseph Sweeney.
This fraternity is the oldest on the
campus and has always been influ-
ential in the affairs of the college.
The active membership of the organi-
zation is composed of ten members of
the two upper classes.
These men are chosen because of
their prominence on the campus and
their interest and accomplishments in
the various activities Of the school.
The scholarship cup, that is offered to
the mems fraternity making the
highest scholastic. average for the
year. is furnished by this organization.
Great Falls tribune., 1921-12-05
Conrad Bride-to-Be
Is Honor Guest at
Two Social Events
,cial 70 The Tribune

Special to The Tribune. ;. ;. :. 49,.
Conrad. Dec. 1.-Two delightful
social affairs of the week were show
ers given in honor of Miss Ann Norvel
of Conrad, who is to be December
bride
Mrs. W. c. Norem gave a luncheon
-bowdoir shower on Wednesday af-
ternoon The following were guests:
Miss Norvel, Mrs. Herbert Strecker,
Mrs. Owen Stricker, Mrs. Arthur
Kelly, Miss Frances Stafford. Erla
Leech of Dupuyer, Esther Grinnill,
Mrs, w L. Dubois and Miss Ester
Lee.
Mrs. Arthur J. Kelly entertained
Saturday afternoon in Miss Norvefs
honor. at miscellaneous shower. The
following were gue/s: Miss Noryel,
Miss johnson, Miss Jacobson, Miss
Esther Lee. Mrs. Herbert. Strecker,
Mrs. Owen Strecker. Earla Leech.
Frances Stafford. Mrs. w. c. Norem
and Mrs. Fl. w. Conrad. The brideto-
be received many useful and beautiful
gifts at both affairs.