Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1921-04-21
BY SAFE MARGIN
Continued from Page One)

6eDendent state A small American
naval force, less than so men, the
record says, was landed to protect
Americans. Ten days later the Unit
ed States recognized Panama as an
independent state, guaranteed her
independence, and later made the
treaty by which the canal zone was
ceded to the United States and the
canal was built
Colombia claimed that according to
the terms of the American treaty
with New Granada. to which Colom-
bia succeeded, the United States was
bound to maintain the sovereignty OF
Colombia over Panama and to pre-
serve n .utrality in the Panamanian
revolt.
About these points the dispute has
ragged for more than IS years. Back
OF it all was the implication that the
United States being unable to close
up the canal bargain with Colom-
bia, arranged the Panama revolu-
ton in some way and put the deal
Through with Panama. The treaty
opponents contended that the ratifi-
cation of the present treaty would
sustain those contentious which they
denied and place stain on the men,
DRY of President Roosevelt.
The strange shifts that often occur
, in political tides find an Illustration in
the history of the treaty. 1t was ne
gotiated at the instance of William
! Jennings Bryan, a Democratic secre-
tary OF state, submitted by a Demo-
cratic president, Woodrow Wilson,
blocked in ratification by Republican
minority, recommended for ratification
by a Republican president, Warren G.
Harding, and urged by leaders of
Senate preponderantly Republican.
f, The treaty as finally drawn, however,
/ differs from that signed at Bogota on
! April 6. 1914, and placed before the
| Senate by President Wilson on June
! 16, 1914, the principal change being
| the elimination of a paragraph where.
| by the United States would have ex-
pressed it's regret to Colombia for the
/ loss of Panama.
! The purpose of the treaty as ex-
pressed in it's preamble Is ito restore
7 the cordial friendship that formerly
characterized the relations between the
| two countries and also to define and
| regulate their rights and interests in
respect of the interoceanic canal which
! the government of the United States
! has constructed across the Isthmus of
| Panama"
| Article one provides that the treat
/ ment accorded citizens and products
, of Colombia in importation through
the Panama Canal and over the PAN
anna Railway shall be equal to that
! given citizens and products of the
United States.
! Article two obligates the United
States to pay to Colombia s25, 600, 600
gold, s5,e00,800 within six months aft
| err the exchange of Publications and
| $5,0e0,0O0 annually for four years.
| Article three obligates Colombia to
| recognize Panama as an independent
state, defines the boundary between
Colombia and Panama, and obligates
the United States to use its good Of
fees to obtain the establishment of
diplomatic relations between Colombia
I and Panama and to bring about the ad
justment of questions of pecuniary
| liability between those two countries
| Tho concluding articles provides for
the exchange of ratifSations in Bogota
| the Colombian capital, las soon AS mav
be possible"