davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1921-06-16
CIVILIANS killed
IN BELFAST RIOTS
(By international News servIce.)

Belfast, June 1.-Two civilians
were killed in rloting which was In
progress in this city most OF the
night. A girl who was wounded
when snipers fired upon trolley
car died in the hospital.
Tho Unionists cheered tho police
as the latter opened fire. with RI
fies against buildings from which
snipers were shooting. There were
numerous casualties and many of
the wounded were treated in bospf.
tails.
Some OF the Republicans con-
structed regular barricades with
sand bags on the roofs OF buildings
from behind which they carried on
desultory attack against the POI
lice.
Martinsburg journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1920-1977, 1921-06-16
ASPIRIN
Name "Bayer" on Genuine

Warningi Unless you see the
name "Bayer" on package or ON tab
let's you are not getting genuine As
prin prescribed by physicians for
twenty-one years and proved safe by
millions. Take Aspirin only as told
in the Bayer package for Colds,
Headache, Neuralgia, rheumatism,
Earache. Toothache, Lumbago and
for Pain. Handy tin boxes of twelve
Bayer Tablets OF Aspirin cost few
cents. Druggists also sell larger
packages. Aspirin Is the trade
mark OF Bayer Manufacture OF Mono.
acetIcacldester OF Salicylicacld. 1t
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

one of the conditions or circumstances
that made some extenuation in the indi-
vidual who shed the blood?"
These arguments of Messrs. Boylan and
jackson well epitomize those which are
ordinarily brought up in favor of the
abolishing of the death penalty, and they
are admittedly not new. although they are
still persuasive and powerful Perhaps.
however, the best argument is to be found
in the fact already referred to. the general
amelioration of punishment to some more
humane form in all parts of the world.
Cuba has recently abolished the death
penalty; strong agitation pervades Ger
many and other European States where
it is still enforced to do away with it.
Ere another century-for it will probably
take that long-it is believed that, if the
Christian countries of the world go on as
they have been doing in this regard, the
words garrote. guillotine, hanging, execu-
tion and electrocution will be obsolete as
the things themselves
II the death penalty is a deterrent from
crime England to-day should be as pure
as the driven snow For six consecutive
centuries she meted out the death penalty
for every crime in her criminal code, ex-
cept petty larceny and mayhem. Any theft
above petty larceny furnished a pubuic
hanging The result was that the whole
system of punishment toppled and in 1910
1t had to be revised. Parliament was forced
to remove the death penalty for petty
crimes, but II was done only gradually and
in the meantime juries refused to convict.
In 1920 there were 222 capital crimes in
the penal code of Great Britain. In 1880
there was one-murder in the first degree.
In 1861, when the new code was adopted.
treason was restored to the death penalty
list
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Tragedy of an Avalanche

line OF mules was strung out for a quarter
OF mile, and on foot among them were
five packers, all half f-breeds.
The officer heard no signal of danger no
cry Of alarm. With the swiftness OF thought
the snow. five hundred feet up the mountain,
began to move. The width Of the avalanche
was about half a mile and It moved very
rapidly. There were thousands OF tons OF
snow hundreds of trees hundreds of great
boulders.
In few moments II was all over and
cloud Of what seemed smoke hung over the
spot. II drove Off down the mountain after
two or three minutes. and the officer looked
for his pack train.
Not a man nor mule had escaped. He
looked for the cabins, and they, too, had
disappeared. Indeed, the very trail had been
swept down into the valley a mile below and
almost across It. For a space Of half mile
wide there was neither tree nor shrub-.not
yard of earth. The avalanche had ground
its way down TO the rocks.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
By j. I. c. CLARKE.

RECENT letter of Thomas A. Edi-
~ son appeared in a newspaper re-
garding his right to be classed as
the inventor of the modern motion picture"
In this letter he states that he invented the
mechanism whereby the pictures of an OBJ
tect in motion could be taken in such rapid
succession that in reproducing them with
similar rapidity the very life of the object
and its motion could be seen. He called It
the kinetograph Without It no modern
motion picture" is possible. In the subse-
quent application of II to the screen he gives
the credit due to others.
Let me- then. tell the little I can Of the
earliest movie that met my marvelling gaze
some thrty-fve years ago at Edison's lab
oratory.
From the days of Edison's epochal ham
ding of the problem of electric light cul-
minating in the A. II, of the science.
namely what | call the portable vacuum"
lamp the carbon filament and the divisibility
of the direct electric current we had been
friends. I had seen "the wizard OF Menlo
Park" making his way through the electric
light, through his amazing invention OF the
phonograph and It's development through
his improvements of the telephone had
ridden on his electric car at Menlo Park
over track that took death inviting curves
IN it's third of a mile at dizzy speed long
before there was trolley line In America.
I had gone with him through his mega
phone and microphone period. his trials ans
dreams of magnetic ore separationr--to
cost him afterward ten solid years of his
working life and untold sums of money
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
The United States in Lead
In All Sorts of Reform

But review Of what has been done in
the United States presents an excellent
showing. This country, by and large. has
led the world in penal reform. century
ago, when the worlds prisons were hor.
rible barred pens where men and women
were thrown Unfortunately Americans
built the first cellular sanitary prison at
Philadelphia and revolutionized the worlds
jails In 1912 the Prison Farm at Great
Meadows New York, presented the world
with another penal reform.
Through these two innovations the
United States became world leader in the
regeneration work among criminals. An.
other reform instituted in New York State,
which has since been adopted by other
States was the substitution of the electric
chair for the gallows. Nevada has super.
seded this by the use of lethal gas. AS
these various innovations tighten the
minds of juries and judges. compelled by
duty to pass Judgment on their fellow men,
it is by no means improbable that the
death penalty will pass as the preceding
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

A y American officer tells moving story
II of sudden and swift destruction in
our Northwest 1t happened on
February day, when a warm sun and
Chinook wind from the Pacific was melting
the snow All along the trail, as the officer
and his party wound up the mountain side,
great masses OF snow seemed TO overhang
them and more than once the officer noticed
how anxious tho grizzly haired old guide
seemed to be. Only narrow path had been
cleared through the snow, and the twenty
mules followed one another in single file.
Halfway up they came TO four cabins oc-
cupled by miners. Three brawny men in
red shirts stood at the door Of one OF the
cabins talking as the party filed past.
Salutes were exchanged, but the officers
party had no occasion to halt.
They had gone about three hundred feet.
and were about TO make turn in the trail
when the leader halted to look back The
guide was ahead-the officer second The
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

His eyes twinkled, and the concentration
line" which cuts so deep between his eye
brows relaxed. In a drift of our chat
asked:
How is Alfred getting along?"
"Gll show you" he answered He arose
calling me TO follow. and led me outside the
building | looked up and down but no sign
Of Alfred l concluded that .he lad was
working in the machine shop and that we
were going there.
Look here" said Edison. pointing to a
short, pillar about three feet high which
stood in a recess. Somewhat mystified
approached the pillar and noted a large mag
nlfyng glass about five inches wide Inserted
In the top of it-at least the uppermost side
Of the crystal was convex.
Look in said Edison. What do YOU
seeg
Nothing" I answered cautiously. know
iHg his delight in n surprise
Let me see" he said and began naninu-
letting some devices on the outside OF he
pillar Instantly there flashed a light within
the pillar. Illuminating a small moving figure
apparently three inches high
Alfred"
And Il was, the most living, actual moving
figure. perfect. rounded homunculus
could conceive. The boys handsome face n.
up by yard wide smile gazed at me with
laughing eyes. He was dancing turning
swinging his arms, never resting an instant
in an endless whirl Of delight snapl out
went the light and the figure disappeared
you recognized him7" said Edison.
"Of course" answered. and I NAV sav
row, that never since, through all the
phases of the movies" have I seen an
entirely ifelike figure stand out so solid
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Recolections of the First Moving Picture Ever Shown

and detached. 1t was exactly as IL Alfred
shrunk 10 three inches, was dancing laugh
ing cavorting and alive within the pillar.
That's beginning" said Edison. and he
went on about the Photographic mechanism
and details OF the magni1ed reproduction.
Wen throw that on screen life size or
any size" he said.
"I1l tell YOU" he went on in a vein OF
lofty vision familiar to me then-the in
ventor's dream forecast-"we will be able to
take an opera like 'Erminie' that they are
playing now (1ss6) in New York and repro
duce it from start TO finish for your eyes
while the phonograph will bring every note
TO your ears. This is tho beginning" tapping
the pillar
OF course, dreams founded on recognizable
equations do generally become prophecies
in time. The screen picture has advanced
and triumphed over many difficulties but
still has many bars 20 overleap. The
phonograph has still limitations that inter-
fere with the wide reproduction that an
opera implies. merely wish 10 say that
Edison thirty-five years ago said it would
be done. And II will be.
My present purpose is merely to say that
Edisons letter reminded me in a flash of
back-streaming light that / had gazed on
the first movie as had on the first ncan-
Gescant electric light
To Alfred Thompson toiling among
heavy machinery" in Cuba, may, too, come
the consciousness that he was the first
movie star" in the world-before Charlie
Chaplin before Bunny. before beautiful
Mary Pickford. before versatile Geraldine
Farrar. before handsome Thomas Meghan.
acrobatic Douglas Fairbanks and thousand
others only think Of III
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
)ES CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TEND TO STOP MURDER?
HOW THE PENAL CODES OF THE STATES DEAL
WITH MURDERERS.
DEATH BY ELECTRICITY.

DEATH BY ELECTRICITY.
Pen ylvan Vermont
DEATH BY ELECTRICITY OR LIFE IMPRISONMENT.
Indiana, Kentucky Ohio Oklahoma South
DEATH BY THE GALLOWS.
connecticut Delaware, Florida Georgia. Missouri,
DEATH BY HANGING LKFE IMPRISONMENT.
Montana New
DEATH BY HANGING OR IMPRISONMENT FROM IA YEARS
TO LIFE.
DEATH BY HANGING OR A TERM OF IMPRISONMENT NOT
LESS THAN FIVE YEARS.
DEATH BY HANGING OR SHOOTING OR LIFE IMPRISONMENT
. DEATH BY LETHAL GAS
IMPRISONMENT FOR LIFE
Wisconsin
DEATH BY JURY VERDICT
DEATH BY HANGING
of oumbi
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
New WOman's Hotel
Is a Real School
ME Grace Dodge Hotel which opened

TIME Grace Dodge Hotel. which opened
October 10 in Washington. D. C.. is
a first aid TO the New Woman who
finds herself frequently torn between the
demands TO which her position as citizen
and voter subject her and the maternal
responsibilities from which even tho New
Woman can't always escape. The Grace
Dodge Hotel welcomes babies and caters 10
their needs That is one unique thing about
IL. and the other Is that its kitchen and
offices are to be laboratory in which earnest
young students just graduated from home
economies courses I'm colleges may be pol
ished Off by practical experience into expert
hotel help.
Mrs. John ID. Rockefeller Jr.. chairman OF
the housing committee OF the national board
OF the Young women's Christian Association
which committee conceived tho idea Of this
hotel and carried IL out. is very keen about
the laboratory end OF It. Hoping to attract
tho very highest class of help she and her
cocommittee women saw TO it that they
should bc made comfortable, with pleasant
bedrooms. rest rooms lockers for their wraps
and plenty OF time for recreation. The five
and n half day work week Is 20 be tho rule
and. furthermore. employees are not 70 have
their feelings hurt by being tipped. Their
wages are very good.
Miss Mary Lindsey manager Of this all
woman hotel, whore the stan. employees and
guests all are women has a Background.
Her grandfather was the third white child
born in New Jersey, and along with family
she has experience and sound sense. She
did war work In France and has managed
huge stats I'm public institutions at home
The Y w. G. \. would match her with Oscar
Of the Waldorf himself for ability to polish
of and perfect hotel help.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Effect of the Example
When State Takes a Life

"If we intend to prevent murder by
teaching respect for human life, of what
value is the example shown by the aggre-
gate of human wisdom, the correlated and
self-controlled power, the composite of all
the good in the people, when the State
takes a solitary convict who is strongly
held within prison walls and the whole
majestic people. dispassionately, prayer
fully proceed to kill that now harmless
wretch, who is yet human mind and soul.
Had the State in such killings a single
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
More Than 5000 Executions
In the Last Twenty-eight Years

The Senator uses in his arguments for
the abolishment certain figures that are
stupefying. These show that during the
past twenty-eight years over 5000 men in
the United States have been put to death.
He brings in illustration of the evil effects
of death by law the case of the recent pub
lie hanging in the county Jail of Chicago.
1--WE all remember said he, what
wave of indignation swept over this coun.
try when we read in the public press that
the Sheriff of Cook county had all the
prisoners in the penitentiary arranged out
side of their cells. where they could witness
the hanging of a man in the jail yard. 1t
furnished theme of horror which if re-
peated would destroy that capital article
in all our penal codes"
Included among those who heartily in
dorse a movement looking to the agitated
reform are, according to Senator Boylan.
the wardens of every one of New York
State prisons. The late Warden Homer of
Great Meadow Prison and the late Warden
Twombly of Dannemora were active in pro-
noting it, and carrying on their influence
and work for IL are Superintendent of
Prisons Charles F. Rattigan, Deputy Super.
intendent of Prisons Long, the State Com
mission on Prisons and the Prison Reform
Association.
Former Attorney-General william s.
Jackson has put himself unequivocally on
the side Of those who would amend the law
for the punishment of murderers. He says:
Il think that to such criminals as these
violently agitated and miserable human
beings the prospect of life Imprisonment
is far more terrible than speedy death
even though after the crime is committed
and counsel taken we commonly see fight
for life. These facts prove nothing on the
relative degree of prevention obtained by
penalties. We must judge of the opera
tions of the mind before the commission
and discovery of the crime, and before the
after results of reaction, remorse. fear. the
instinct of self-preservation and other con-
siderations have >begun to assert them
selves.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

Through all there was the wondrous spec
tacle of his vivid scientific enthusiasm
shared by a small but devoted corps of
assistants. He slept little. ate little. thrilled
planned and worked night and day. The
passion of the Crusader and his warriors
was reborn in Edison and his men at Menlo
Park.
III the course of a few years the laboratory
had been moved to Orange N J. had been
admitted TO the Edison arcanum, and what
more natural than that when a young
nephew OF mine with a strong mechanical
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

bent came from 'the other side | should
ask Edison to take him in and let him work
out his salvation in that. to me, foremost
school in the world of applied science. He
took in the boy. Alfred Thompson. who de-
veloped best in what Edison called the line
of heavy machinery"
At one time in the mid eighties OF the last
century l had not visited the laboratory in
months, and when I did Edison met me in
the same wholehearted spirit as ever. We
sat and chatted, and it soon became apparent
to me that he had something new and good.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Many States Already Have Abandoned Death
Penalty Without Increases in Major Crime,
but Accurate Figures Are Lacking

Senator j. ]. Boylan to pass bill in the
Legislature abolishing the death penalty.
In an effort to advance this Boylan bill
from general orders to order of final pass
age, 1t was defeated by narrow margin.
The Pellet companion bill in the Assem-
bly, naturally shared its fate. And this was
Notwithstanding the measure was advo-
Gated by penologists and civic bodies, and
by virtually every prison reform and hu
manitarian society in the State.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
This Country, Leader in Penal Reform, Seem
ingly Backward in Ending What Oppo-
nents Call Middle Age Relic

horrors did, silently it may be, but through
the active labors OF humanitarians.
The Society for the Prevention of Crime
early placed itself by the side of the
Society for the Abolition in New York
State of capital punishment, and il has
been active at various times when the sub
ject was uppermost by whatever kindred
society ii happened to be broached again
and debated. The chief argument this
society has used in its efforts to abolish
the death penalty for murderers found
guilty In the first degree, that is of pre-.
meditated murder, was that the death pen
atty failed to act as a deterrent.
There is another reason dominating our
programme here in the case OF murderers,"
said Howard Clark Barber, who is superin-
tendent Of this society, made famous by
the Rev Charles II. Parkhurst, "and that
is that we are in possession of evidence
which shows that men have been taken off
by the State whose conviction was brought
about wholly or in part by perjured evil
dence. While it is not always easy to prove
this, there is one case recorded in this
office where the proof is conclusive.
ITO say that the crime of murder Is
lessened by the imitation of capital punish
ment is pure bunk, and everybody who has
studied the subject and followed the his
tory of crime in this and other States of
the Union knows it. Neither this capital
punishment nor the sentence of life i'm
prisonment has a deterrent effect on Grim.
inals.
Il grant that if we were able to define
absolutely the persons who ought to be
removed in this final way from society
there might be reason for continuing this
outdated punishment. But we are never
able to do this; there is always a lingering
doubt. The worst man may not be bad
enough to be hustled into eternity as a
blessing to society,"
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

the death penalty. Only a ruthless indi-
vidual, or one who has not thought out
the matter carefully, now defends the prac-
tice.'
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Two Cinnamon the Victims
Of Periured Evidence at TT

Of PerJuTed Evidence at Trial
The case to which Mr.. Barber referred
was that of the Cinnamon, Eng Hing and
Lee Dock. who were tried in the spring
Of 1914 and convicted of murder in the
first degree. The attention of the society
was called to it while the men were in
the death house at Sing Sing, and it in.
vestigated and found considerable doubt as
to the guilt of the men and as to the legal.
ity of their conviction, because of the
perjury which had been committed upon
their trial.
The Cinnamon were about to be executed
when the officers of the society took the
woman who had been the principal witness
against them before Governor Glynn, who
after hearing her story reprieved them
until an application could be made for a
new trial. 1t was held that the recantation
of witness did not constitute new testi.
mony" and on technical grounds a new
trial was denied.
Later our Court of Appeals" said Mr..
Barber, held that retraction by a wit
ness was newly discovered evidence within
the provisions of the law governing new
trials, and If the retraction was credible,
was sufficient grounds for granting a new
trial. Thus these men were electrocuted
despite the existence of a grave doubt, and
a new trial was denied them on technical
grounds, which subsequently a higher
court in another case held were wrong.
ut is beyond dispute that human life
was taken upon what was concededly per
jured testimony.
Our experience in this case has led us
to believe that these amendments should be
made in the law: Arbitrary capital punish
ment should be abolished, and. as already
provided in many States, the jury should
be permitted to determine the penalty for
the crime Of murder. as between capital
punishment and life imprisonment
ut is doubtful" added the superin.
tendent If the Governor of great State
like New York has the time or the facili
ties for fully and fairly considering each
case Nor should It be permissible for an
individual who has been responsible for the
conviction Of a person for murder TO pass
final judgment on that person application
for clemency."
There was a compromise to be effected
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-05-26
OLD GYMNASIUM
TO BE RtM0DElED
EXPECTATION is THAT 1T WILL
BE REMODELED FOR OTHER
COLLEGE USES.

The disseminating Of the Kinder
garten department at Alma College,
and the expectation of a new gym
nasium in the very near future is
giving rise to speculation as to what
use the present gymnasium building
will be put to, as it soon will cease
TO be needed either for the purpose
Of housing the Ky. department, which
has for Years used the first floor of
the structure or for the promotion of
the physical welfare of the students
of the college, as the second floor has
been used in gymnasium work for
over a score Of years.
To be used for college work of any
other kind, the belief is held that the
building must undergo numerous al
terations and repairs. And in this
connection it is considered as decided
ly doubtful if the college authorities
will leave the structure at its present
location if it is decided to give it any
very extensive remodeling to fit il
up for other purposes.
The idea behind such reasoning is
the Fact that the architects plan for
TIE college calls for dormitories
where the gymnasium building is
now located. That means it would
hardly be probable that the college
would spend any considerable sum of
money in remodeling the structure in
its present location only to be forced
- move it in a few years
Thus it is considered that when the
matter is given consideration by the
Board of Trustees that the structure
will be moved TO permanent loca-
ton, and then remodeled and made
into another building for the college
There are two probable permanent To-
cations for the building, judging from
the plan for the college. One of these
is to the south Of the library and mu-
scum, and the other to the east Of
Davis field.
Whether or not the trustees will
decide to move the structure this
coming year, or remodel it temper
arily and leave it in its present 10
cation for the time being, is ques
ton that will probably be one Of the
many that will be before the Board o.
Trustees at its next meeting, al
though it is possible that it ma,
not come up until some later period
That it will be matter that will no
lie held in allegiance long, is REGARDED
as certain, however from the fact
that the college can well use the ad
ditional room that the old gymnasium
building will provide, once it has beer
remodcled, either permanently OF
temporarily.