davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-10-02
Much Sympathy for Poles
Because of Peace Terms


No matter what persons opinion may
be as to the relative rights of Poland and
Germany, one must harbor a certain SYM
pathy for the Poles in the throes of their
national rebirth and their disappointed
ambitions Following the raising of their
hopes by the Fourteen Points, came the
prospects held out to them by the Peace
Conference and never redeemed. Danzig.
having been almost within their grasp is
now, they will tell you, camoufaged as
"free"-but, in reality in the control of
Germany.
The duchy of Teschen in Austrian Silesia,
which in spite of it's small size is ex
tremely valuable because of it's coal and
manufacturing industries, was long a bone
of contention between Poland and Czecho-
Slovakia. The Poles say that when Tes-
chen was in their possession the Czechs
attacked them and the Poles were re-
ouested by the Allies not to fight back.
They didn't, and then Teschen was finally
awarded to the Czechs. However, the
situation of divided city, which it was
for year. owing to the decision of the
Council of Ambassadors, was one which
could not endure.
Teschen was cut in two, the larger east
ern portion being Polish and the western,
with the railway station, going to the
Czechs. The Polish side had three hospi-
tails and all the public schools, except one,
that was on the Czech side. The latter
had also all the churches. cemeteries and
practically all public buildings. The gas
works and water works and shopping dis
trict belonged to Poland.
A child going to school in Polish Teschen
from the Czech side had to pass through
four passport patrols on his way to and
from his lessons. while his father. on the
way to work and returning home. had to
pass the same amount OF official scrutiny.
It was an untenable situation.
The Upper Silesian question is a bitter
thorn in Poland's side. II seems no nearer
a settlement to-day than six months ago.
The plebiscite in March, as plebiscites
have way of doing. raised national ami
mosities to fever pitch and, as far as
Poland will concede, proved nothing
Finally they do not consider that the
so-called "Curzon line" is a fair boundary
on the east. as 1t involves the renuncia-
tion by Poland of large areas in which the
Poles claim there are maiorities Of Polish
population.
The New York herald., 1921-10-02
Much Handicapped IN Work
BY Foreign Oppositic

1t must be remembered that with the
foreign domination all efforts making for
unity of Polish ideas were opposed by the
various Governments. This made the task
of the women to advance their influence
and ideas very difficult.
The Organizations des Danes FonciereS
to-day, in free Poland, has taken on a
new lease of life and its membership in
cludes most of the women of the rural
districts
The same activity in the direction of
education and mutual help is carried on in
the industrial centres by the Circle de la
Trdrdu deS Femmes.
This was created during the first days
of the war upon the primary impulse of
women to aid the women and children
made helpless and destitute by the mo.
bilization of the men. 1t also collected
and cared for the many children found
wandering and homeless in the invaded
areas.
The difficulties of the initial organiza-
tion at that time were great In the Rus
sian provinces the Government, on it's
withdrawal, took with it all the trained
operators of the public service-those of
the telephone and telegraph, and the per-
sonnel of the street car lines and railroads.
Besides their work in rescuing those left
destitute by the war .he Circle de la Ira
rail des Femmes took up many outside
activities. 1t was these women who cared
for the wounded soldiers of the Russian
army, for whom no provision had been
made.
At present the work of this organization
The New York herald., 1921-10-02
Confused Internal Condition
With a Score of Psrfi

The effect of it all has been. no matter
how unreasonable, to make Poland feel
herself hampered and tied up on all sides
They will tell you to-day that every mans
hand is against them
With this chaotic international sltua.
tion goes naturally hand-in-hand con.
fused internal condition. There are about
score of political parties in Poland, rep
resenting all shades Of social and religious
differences. They may be classed under
two general heads--"Nationalis and So
cialists" Much of the rural population is
Nationalist and Catholic. The Socialists
have majority in the cities, largely on
account OF the predominant Jewish vote,
which is always registered in the industrial
entres
When, with Pelands independence, came
The New York herald., 1921-10-02

is directed toward the education of women
and children in different trades and 1t
supports day nurseries, classes in sewing
and dressmaking for girls and in manual
training for boys.
The women of Poland are eager to work
and are taking advantage of every oppor-
tunity given them to learn to support
themselves.
While the industrial centres are subject
to the varied forces of modern ideas, in
rural Poland to-day there is preserved the
picturesque life of the past.
The customs Of the people are survivals
of the ages. of feudalism. There are some
estates that rival in extent the great hold
ings of Texas and Mexico. Besides these
enormous acreages the balance of the coun-
try is divided into smaller proprietary
holdings, but few of the actual tillers of
the soil owning their own land.
The industries of the great estates are
by no means limited to agriculture, but
include mines, factories and merchandising
facilities of rivers and canals.
The peasants retain, almost intact to-
ward their landlords the allegiance and
obligations of feudal days. There is gen.
orally friendly acceptance of their mu-
tual interests and dependence and there Is
nothing of the class rivalry Of the centres
of population.
visitor to a great country house, to
whom this atmosphere Is novel one, is
somewhat embarrassed by some of its
manifestations. He is met by far from
modern acknowledgment of his status as
superior being-as in the kissing of his
hand, by men and women alike, on all
occasions.
In the remote agricultural regions in
East Poland the life of the country people
is archaic in it's simplicity. Under Russian
domination there was little or no educa-
tion or progressive change in any direc-
ton. To-day the peasants continue to live
az did their forefathers, with little differ
ence in their customs and interests from
those of the Middle Ages.
The New York herald., 1921-10-02

universal suffrage the Socialists, or Left
Wing, became at once very active with
propaganda They sent agents all over the
country agitating for their cause
To offset this the Nationalist women
formed Woman's National Political Union
which began with 5000 members.
1t districted Warsaw much as Tammany
does New York, and before election every
house in every street, whether inhabited by
the very rich or the very poor, was visited
by member of the union, who instructed
the women how to use their vote. So con-
scientious is the new electorate about get
ting out their vote that women who have
been bedridden for years are taken to the
polls in wheeled chairs, and no one is con-
sidered ill enough, without a doctors cer-
tificate, to be allowed to be a Stacker.
Between elections this organization does
very much the same kind of educational
work as the Voters League does in Amer
lea. 1t tries to effect legislation, particu-
larly that pertaining to women. There Is
a universal eight-hour day in Poland, but
no minimum wage laws. The women in
the factories are paid very much less than
the men, and the union is just beginning
to agitate for equal pay for equal work.
Seven women now sit in the Polish Diet,
which was summoned tofadopt consti
tuition. That being accomplished the Diet
continued in session to pass laws. The
legal processes are complicated by the fact
that the present country has the laws that
were bequeathed to it by the Prussians,
Russians and Austrians, with the addition
of the Napoleonic Code!
But the women did not wait for their
emancipation to take an active interest in
social questions. For fifteen years before
the war there existed all through Poland
great organization of women known as the
Organizations des Danes Foncieres. This
was inaugurated by the women of the land
owning class, with the object of giving the
rural population the benefits of education
and social service.
In every district it has a committee,
with ten local subcommittee, and its infiu-
ence upon the progress of Polish women
has been marked.
The New York herald., 1921-10-02

recently, as the numbers of refugees in
creased, there have sometimes been as many
as 10000 homeless people seeking shelter
in and about the camp.
Under such circumstances the feeding,
delousing and disinfecting facilities have
been strained to the breaking point. Not
more than a month ago, under an unfore-
seen pressure of numbers, about 5000
refugees moved over the Polish border
without being disinfected
This influx of misery on her frontiers Is
a serious menace to Poland. Her own
crops have been below normal this year on
account of the drought-and can she allow
her land to be overrun by the famished
hordes from Russia? Famine and pes
thence walk hand in hand, and one of her
most serious problems is to prevent the
spread of typhus and other diseases by
refugees.
Among the swamps and pine woods of
the Brest-Litovsk region is an advance
station of the Quaker relief work. Here
are two women workers who cooperate
with the American Relief Administration,
and who have under their care almost
twenty villages They provide food for the
undernourished children and supply the
returning homeseekers with tools and seeds
at a low price. The Polish Government
gives a grant of standing timber to each
family, with which to build home, and
gradually throughout this zone of Quaker
relief work little houses are going up and
land is being brought under cultivation
and conditions are generally improving.
On the other hand, one of the sights of
Warsaw is the feeding station of the Rus
sian relief, where the many destitute Rus
sian refugees are given their one meal
day. There is no incident more pathetic
or significant in all the conglomerate life
of this picturesque capital-where the
fatalism of the Orient meets the progress
sive spirit of western Europe
Great Work Being Done
BY American Legation
In this fascinating setting of color and
dirt and the drama of an ancient people
stands the American Legation.
"The Blue Palace" as the home of the
legation is called, Is rich In an atmosphere
of past history and culture. Since 1919
history of greater import has been max
ing beneath its roof. Here, as doyen OF the
Diplomatic Corps, Mr. Hugh Gibson works
early and late. Representatives OF all
countries and classes gather around the
legation table, and many misunderstand-
ing is averted by the opportunity given TO
each and all to discuss complicated mat
ters in an informal way. The United
States is happy in having at this time such
a man as Minister to Poland. He is bril-
liant. tactful and democratic. The Poles
realize their good fortune and show their
appreciation in every possible way.
Poland, as a nation, has long been
credited with an idealistic but impractical
temperament. Her problems of to-day call
for a steady head and a strong hand. In
their solution, under such tremendous diff
culties, she will prove beyond dispute the
worth of her national character.
To solidify her varied elements and to
achieve the essentials of her nationalistic
aims, while her frontiers face chaos on the
one hand and antagonism on the other, is
task that will demand all that she has
of common sense and self-restraint
The New York herald., 1921-10-02

work being section
oval below American Relief
Administration workers
The New York herald., 1921-10-02
D RISING FROM CHAOS ITS WOMEN HELPING

DOLISH aOonen and their future
1 are discussed this meek by
Mrs. Borden Hartman IN the
seventh of her series of articles on
the post-War conditions of aoome1s
in Europe, noaO being published IN
The New York Herald Magazine.
Active interest IN politics and gor-
ernnaental problems, Mrs. Hartman
finds, is displayed by aOome1e n, tho
Polish cities. But IN the country
practically arate-a0ar conditions pre-
vail-even among the naeYa-the
people not realizing that they Gc-
tuaIlg are free. On, the aohole, Mrs.
Har1Iman's analysts of Polish con-
ditions is encouraging.
By MRS. BORDEN HARTMAN.
Special Correspondence to The NEW YORK
HERALD.
WARSAW, Sept. 20.
THERE are many women in this me-
diaval and almost Oriental country
who are organized and doing ex-
c.ll.,nt work.
To Americans who think about Poland
at all she IL small nation with most ro-
mantle history. to whom, in her distress,
America has sent relief of numerous kinds.
But how many nave realized that her
wAzaAn arc eminent for their brains and
ability?
That the Polish women have had the
heart and energy to organize and accom-
plish anything is most surprising in the
face of all the facts For one hundred and
fifty years three great countries did every
thing in their power to ruin these people
for the task of selfgovernment. Her pres
ent condition is the direct result of the
decision by those three antagonistic infiu
ences, with a single objective: to use
Poland for their own ends. She has been
set aside from the normal course of prog
ress Her national development has been
retarded, her resources have been left un-
developed, her ambitions thwarted
Since 1914 numerous armies have swept
across her territory The Russians, the
Prussians, the Austrians, the Bolsheviks,
and finally the Polish army itself. For the
armistice left the Poles with five different
wars on their hands-a war on every
frontier.
More than that-if the Poles have not
been thoroughly disillusioned by what they
believe were the broken promises of the
representatives of the Great Powers, it is
because they have a spirit that may be
dimmed, but never wholly subdued.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
ROY sMOTHERED no DEATH As
CAVE ROOF FALLS

Clarence Keaton. age is, son OF MT
and Mrs. James keaton. met death
by suftocati,n Friday afternoon when
cayein happened to cave into
which the young man had crawied'
The ncciien, occurred at his nome
about ,hre. miles from Carpenter
bluff on Red River.
Clarence. with another boy friend
had A .dan" on the bank of creek
On. ~. tn. features OF the camp was
iarg. cave which they had made in
III. ground The earth was soft ana
the young fellows had failed to brace
the roof. Friday afternoon when
Clarence entered the cave ana was
working az removing the earth. mt
was suddenly deluged with earth
,, from cavein. Alarm was sounded
and when the body of the young Tel
low wa, found life was extinct
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
ANOTHER HN: JOR
FOR COTTON FARMERS

When the cotton farmers of this
county helped to put over the MEM
Sership campaign in the oklahoma
Cotton Association they took the
1isYi big step toward getting u fair
Price for their labor IN the cotton
fieads- Another equally important
jpb is before them now.
This second big job is the selec-
ttOn OF directors whose duty il will
- To manage the affairs of their
AaEceiatiOn for them. The man for
W8oD you cast your ballot should
- man you are willing to trust
u EHndIe your business for you
8s' AUst ~ honest. He must be able
- direct the management of the big
D1a single business enterprise in Ok
Inhuu1a. for that is what the as
Nnehno non will he. He must be Il man
Aig enough to have always nearest
Hi haart the interests of all members
~ Ihe ,lSsHiatiun will be. lie must
1e . ulan hi. enough to have near
- his heart the interests of all mem
aarE Of the association ~ we'll as his
Dwn.
On May IL ballots will be mailed
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
Champion Fat steer

To prOduc" what i, expected Will
be- the worlds champion rat steer at
The national livestock show in Chi
cagp this year. Miller Bros. OF the
lol ranch near POnca City. are feed
ing sattalo steer on a balanced ra-
ton and giving him plenty of 1t. The
animal, 3 years old. Is fourth buf-
falo and three fourths POlled Angus.
He weighed between | 800 and 1900
pounds when lassoed and forced into
a box-stall several weeks ago. The
MillegS belicN" they can make of
him the biggest steer that ever
struck Chicago.
The steer was born on the ranch,
and never had been caught until II
was determined to make champion
killer of him. The steer is coal
black.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06

to every member from tn" Oklahoma
city office. Each ballot will carry
tn" names of the two men nominated
AT the district convention May =. and
"A blank line ii you want to vot" for
some one else B. sure that you vote
for the man you think H. best fitted
and who you can trust to handi"
YOUR business for YOU, regardless
of his politics. religion or whore
he lives in the district. The success
of the association depends upon tn"
kind of management il has particu-
larry during this first year. Whether
il will or will not be success is
being checked up to every member
now. Let all do as we'll in this second
big job as they did in the first when
they set record for organization
never before eQualled by any group
Of farmers anywhere.
IRA l.. SMITH.
Pres. County Organization
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
WEEkLY CIkOl, IsEIDIkr

General temperature and weather
conditions: Much of the week has
been very cool with temperatures be-
ipw normal. Rains have been gen
eral The rains of last week start
ing a noticeable growth in all crops,
but the recent cold weather has
Brought on another check. The con-
ainued low temperatures are making
the spring unusually backward and
fields are wet and cold. Feed is
plentiful and prospects seem to indi-
cate another large feed crop. The
hteuess of the seasons Is bring
ing many recruits to general apathy.
OATS: Are backward and, in cases,
pale and thin. Some greenbug dam
age is reported from stephens, Cot
acu and Canadian counties.
CORN: On upland farms seems to
- doing better than in the bottoms.
PlaHttng has been practically COM
pIeled in many counties, but in other
Dseh planting Is still being done.
TIE growth Of the crop has been very
dow There il some complaint OF
damage by cut-wOrms.
COTTON: Planting has been delay
- BY cold and wet and has not yet
1se0me general. The poor start
Nate by corn may have an effect up
- the acreage OF cotton and more
nay be planted than might otherwise
have haen pxnpctad
POTATOES: Are late and not up
10 thear usual condition at this time
af the year.
ALFALFA is hardly one-half of
nOrmal and remains several weeks
hate. Where the frozen and ,aphid-
sapped growth was crippled. splendid
new growth has started. There are
. few cases of marketing of new al
falfs
Tue BROOM CORN acreage may
shUw an increase due to the planting
nj smail fields by new growers.
The STOCK of tenant farmers in
cotton counties is not in the best of
sOndition, probably due to lack of
means to provide sufficient feed.
Rats are taking a large toll of small
chickens. PASTURES were hurt by
ahe late freezes.
LABOR is plentiful. II is expected
tkat the WOOI. crop will be- stored
n home and pOOlrd when market
eonditions warrant: many will con-
serf their clip into blankets and mat
raReS
J. 4. WHiTE.Hl RST.
President Oklahoma Board of Agri-
culture.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
District Meeting At Nia1iill

The district meeting OF the Cot
Madill Monday, when Walter Colbert
OF Ardmore and f. f. Phillipi of So.
per were nominated for members OF
the board of directors OF the State
association. Ballots are to be sent
out on the 12th and one of these two
men will be elected by referendum
vote of the members of this district
Ira Smith Of Kenefick. this county
has been selected as one of the tellers
for the election and goes to Okla
homa City May 23 to help count the
votes.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
More I'uiip-ISrr,l Eggs

}rial boys and girls. members
% ~" club at Colbert. have ordered
f. % the breeders. settings of pure
b, i eggs for Matching. Those plac-
# prders this week are. Jack Da,-
III T.. Frank Weems. David collins.
r. mas Hamilson. Gladys Gound OF
{ h"r, and Edith ROberson of Silo
al Arbie Bishop of Silo. and Fora
T.. .li" Albany.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
FRIDAY MAY 6, 1872,

Miss Rosetta and RUBY p,u'
and Miss Ina Lee Coon waro suanl|
Mrs. Buckman at the Memo,,o, ,''!las
pital Sunday. aos
Charley Easter, Jr. has nj.
broken, but is getting along al, M ~, sn
Miss Maud Gurley who is .,t sat
ing the S. E. n. is visiting ra,.. .sud.
at this place. a's
The wind of last Thursday s,,
considerable damage to our ua
fruit trees and destroying ,n,s
buildings. 'usa
A few of the young folks Of ,,.
place visited the High School nl,s su'' y
Mead last, night. "
The Sunday School was M,
we'll attended Sunday on accon,, ~! !.
bad weather. "
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
ITEMS FROM KEII,SEY

,Tno late for last weekly
The keirsey school was out Fri
day and had good program which
was we'll attended and enjoyed by
all.
Clyde Foster of Roberta was Wis.,
iting friends here Friday and Sat
urday.
The Siio ball team came over and
played Keirsey. the score being 8 to
3 in favor OF SilO.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
Cotton Growers Meeting

The several local organizations of
the Cotton Growers Association had
a county meeting here last Saturday
and elected two delegates to the dis
trict meeting at Madill. The dele
gates chosen were W. l.. Franks Of
BokchitO and G. l.. Davidson of Full
som Grove.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06

sAAitof's NOtet The News Is glad to
bnblish In this department any item
Dom any source. pertaining to farm
work, farm development and farm
Interest. All that Is required is ac-
esYacy in all statements made. 1t
y our desire to make this depart
usAut Of real interest)
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
COTTON ACREAGE ABOUT 90
PER CENT OF THAT ~ 1O2(

A large eastern cotton firm has
finished the conducting of an exhaus-
tive investigation as to the indicated
cotton acreage this year as compared
with that of last year, and finds an
indicated acreage OF only 50 per cent
of last year. The figures given by
States comparing the two years. are
as follows:
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06

demonstration meetings were
h. last week at Kemp, Achille.
Pitirie View. and Pirtle. attended by
NJ Buie. These cubs. like the
o'h"r, were getting up their uniform
cllr wells and club songs in prepara-
tiun for the club rally.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
MONEY FOR EXPORTING COTTON

The War Finance Corporation has
abb. for making advances to Ameri-
can cotton exporters on cotton ready
for sale abroad under contract. Here
tuforn tn. corporation limited Its
advances to cotton already at sea-
board
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06

C,rl. club at Silo. writes In that the
si.n club members are getting ready
TO- the club. rally, making their
a,lon, and caps and other prepara-
ti,n- She also says that the club
n #h"rs there who got pure-bred
.l.. TOR Matching. had good luck WITH
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1921-05-06
Man. Planning To .lttrnd Rally

The farm agents office l. being
deluged with letters from members
of the boys and girls clubs, telling
them that the writer's will be present