davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Ten Tons of Condensed Communism
Distributed Weekly From Berlin

Berlin occupies a position OF great prom
inence as the greatest Of the exterior CEN
tres for propaganda, and its headquarters
have been endowed richly with both Soviet
intellect and Soviet funds, the latter being
outpoured for the maintenance Of the Com
munist newspapers like the Rote Fdhne.
vigdor Kopp is the nominal head OF the
Berlin division, but is frequently absent on
mysterious missions to Moscow. Vienna and
Prague, during which he leaves the Berlin
organization under the control OF any of his
numerous but highly trained assistants. He
is surrounded by people like Grouzenberg,
Bouteti and Lazareff of the Soviet diplo-
matte service; Gordon, a member of the
Petrograd Commune and reputed 10 be a
descendant of famous British General who
exiled himself TO Russia two centuries ago
Anokhine member Of the "TChe-ka," with
Germany~mlnus Upper Slesia--as his espe-
cial dominion. and an extensive press SER
vice directed by German Communist. Frau
Anna Goyer and members Of the Rote Fdhne
staff. This agency is reputed to send an
average of ten tons OF condensed Commun-
ism throughout Europe every week
So much for the general interior and ex-
terror reserves but the nerve centre OF the
Bolshevist movement is believed by some
to be found In the Secret Reserve b." di-
rected by Moscow itself without any infu-
sion of foreign influence.
IL Is worth noting that BolHhevism has
seven distinct lines Of communication be-
tween Moscow and the outer world. which.
outlined in a recent Moscow pamphlet
are as follows; l. Moscow Murmansk- VAR
doe Bergen Hull; 2. Moscow-Petrograd-
Narva- -Reval -Swinemunde- Berlin 3, Mos
COW Minsk Warsaw Cracow Teschen
Prague; 4. Moscow Kieff- Rovno- Rovel- War
saw: 5. Moscow Kieff- -Proskouroff- Padolslty-
Czernovtz Bucharest; 8. Moscow Kiev-
odessa Alderman Galvdtz Bucharest; T.
Moscow -kieff Odessa Varna- Sofa, and from
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

out marvellous systematization and CO.
ordination of the purely political and mill
tary elements in which the original Russian
Soviet movement was conceived. According
TO a recent analysis OF the propaganda divi-
sons OF the Bolshevists worldwide revou-
tion," these were first put into operation in
1917, but within year this unmilitary
weapon showed such strength that Soviet
officials publicly declared that without 1t
Sovietism was spent force. This may be
contrary to the theories of American and
French statesmen that Bolshevism must be
attacked from the inside, but 1t is also sig
nificant that any interior attack, to be
eventually successful. must be directed just
az much against the centres Of propaganda
as against the purely political leaders OF the
Russian proletariat
Strictly speaking, the Bolshevist propa-
ganda and information services may be
classed under three heads
First an official reserve. which includes
the methods of reaching diplomatic or COM
mercial representatives OF the Russian So
viets, the official Moscow press bureau and
it's dependencies, such the telegraphic
service "Rosta" and the Russian wireless.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
a System of Coordination
Like That of the Soviet in Russia

But to-day conditions throughout Europe
all work to the advantage OF the Great Men
zee. Railroad traffic in certain directions
may be effectively blocked for long periods,
but there are always circuitous routes, by
either land or sea, which Moscow's couriers
may use. Huddled in the filth OF cattle
trucks for Journeys OF twenty TO thirty days,
or flung in the sinking hold Of some refugee
ship. their identity concealed by false papers
and the fact that their physical appearance
is no more suspicious than that Of their
travelling companions, Moscows messengers
are able to carry to the untlring agents Of
the Menace in other countries. not only
coded instructions regarding their diplomatic,
political or commercial conduct, but also tho
sinews of Bolshevism's war against the rest
OF the word-Russian rubles melted into
gold bars no more inconvenient in the pocket
than half dozen lead pencils, and vast
fortunes In diamonds, rubies and pearls
which once were the pride of Russas aris-
tocracy.
All this could not have been attained with
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Industrial Excitement Reveals
Despatchfng Post in Milan

Some interest attaches to the recent in
dustrial excltemcnts in Italy which revealed
definitely that the despatching post for
couriers at Milan, and not the capital head
quarters in Rome. really directs the italian
agents actions, as we'll as the success
OF the Bolshevst movement in the Balkans
committees coordinate their schemes with
those Of the Red agents In Sofia, Constant
nople and Bucharest. The Milan headquar-
ters is directed by Pietro Savant a former
anarchist, and the famous Comrade Carlo,
only recently converted to Bolshevism, but
who has already marked himself by his rev.
olutionary fierceness, as one OF Trotzky's
ablest representatives. From Milan Red
agents arc sent weekly to Zagreb. Belgrade
Sofia. Brindisi. Athens Marseies. Geneva,
Zurich and Madrid. "A weekly courier service
= also maintained between Milan and Paris,
carrying duplicates OF dispatches sent from
Moscow Via other channels and thereby in
surins that the Communist chiefs in France
receive ell OF their masters Instructions
The London Communists propaganda bu-
reau, directed by Comrade Rybalsky, has an
extensive scope, but chiefly concerns itself
with providing iiaison for tho Copenhagen
Bergen, Hull and Irish mes senRer services.
In reality. OF the Western Powers II is
against France that the Bolshevists are d.
recting their hottest campaign OF propagan-
da, Moscow sending instructions TO all other
chief centres" that tho biggest batteries
must be turned on the French capital
regardless OF expense and regardless OF
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

this giant spider web of communications can
be reached more than half of the worlds
population within period of only a few
days. ordinarily, from the time Moscow's
emissary leaves his capital
Arriving in Berlin, the Russian agents
worry little whether they are recognized a.
Bolshevists or not. Berlin is mad" they
say, and a Bolshevist madness appears no
more dangerous to the police than any other
brand. But when journsying west OF the
Berlin Prague line greater precautions are
taken, and Prague is the point where raving
Bolshevist propagandists change their per-
sonality. temporarily, to that of any peace
able. submissive commercial traveller, artist
or down -in-the- mouth hard-luck victim. To
facilitate this change, the Prague central
headquarters, directed by DIR. Hierson. IL
rapidly becoming as we'll knowR TO the police
as Berlin's bureaus. But only in few cases
have Moscow's secret couriers been unable
to complete their Journeys. During one
month. according to an intercepted letter
from Dr. Hillerson, twenty-one secret mes
sengers passed through Prague. with Paris
as their destination, but stopping en- route to
report at control posts which have been
established at Leipzig. Stuttgart. Munich,
Geneva, Lyons and Nancy. The average
journey from Moscow to Paris requires
about eight days, although Or. Hillerson has
indicated cases where agents suspect TO the
Austrian and French police, have had to
wait as long as four weeks before attenpt-
ing succeeding stages OF their Journeys
During this interval, housed and fed by R1-
sian patriots, they waited patiently FOR
their boards to grow-and then. provided
with the fake credentials succeeded in cross
ing frontiers with all the ease and noncha-
lance OF an American tourist on a summer
holiday.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Study of the Organization
Which Directs the Propaganda

Second what is known as Secret Re-
serve A." which comprises a multitude of
small agencies, grouped systematically and
placed under the authority OF the Soviet's
foreign diplomatic representatives; and
Third. a powerful and authoritative "Se-
cret Reserve b." whose agencies are in con-
stant liaison throughout Europe. Asia and
America with trusted representatives of the
directing commission of the Moscow "Tche-
Ka," TO which Is attributed most Of the So
viets judicial villainies.
How are these 'coordinated? 1t is a COM
plicated study but not lacking in interest, as
upon its proper working depends the future
OF the world One flaw in the chain and the
Soviet hold upon the susceptible working
classes Of many countries would suffer ma
terially. The chain has held fairly well until
now. but even in Moscow there In a growing
fear. according to returning travellers, that
some of the agents are not entirely satisfied
with the domination to which they are sub
jected, and are prophesying that Moscow's
propaganda system with all it's sinister de-
signs will collapse quickly as it was con-
structed.
Let us study the actual organization
The Central Executive Committee. which di-
rects the PAN Russian Soviets has It's spe-
cial bureau of propaganda. divided into three
sections one each for interior and exterior
propaganda and the third for propaganda
within the Soviet armies, for the Red troops
are subjected to the same "stuffing" process
as their western adversaries, while the in
terror section is responsible that no wreck
ing influence is allowed TO reach the smaller
towns and villages where the Soviet machine
inspires a sort OF blind confidence by means
Of its armed might and the promise of nom
interference II Moscow's edicts are upheld
For the Eastern nations there are sub
sections which direct the spreading OF prop
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

rTHE pride OF the Mexican is his. hat, or
his sombrero. as he calls IL. No mat
ter how poor the rest OF his attire
may be, he spares no expense for his head
covering. and will toll day and night until
he has saved money enough to purchase an
appalling sugar-loaf. wide brim heavily
corded hat. shabbily dressed Mexican
wearing a hat that cost not less than $50 is
not an uncommon sight
The main reason why Mexicans devote so
much attention and money 70 their hats Is
because IL has become the symbol of ores
standing in the community. The grandees
OF Spain had the privilege OF standing in
the presence Of their sovereign with their
hats on and naturally they We'd with one
another in the size and gorgeousness of
their hats. The populace followed this ex-
ample as best IL could. and so the hat be-
came as distinctive on tho heads Of the
men as the mantlla over the heads OF the
women.
At one time the Mexican placed his hat
and his horse above all other worldly posses
sons. spending $500 for hat, gold-trimmed
and embroidered, and as much more for his
siver-trimmed saddle and bride Mexicans
OF the higher class have abandoned the
ccnical shaped hat for city wear, as they
have accepted our style OF clothing: but
every Mexican gentleman still has his
tive costume of spangles and glitter. with hat
TO match. which he wears he may think
occasion demands.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10
Odd Items From Various Lands

machines are in daily in the various
government departments throughout the
kingdom shows how well the American MAX
ers did the trick.
Incidentally, the Siamese are not enthust-
astic over rebuilt typewriters, for the report I
states that no machines of ths type have
entered the regular trade channels, nor
have any been advertised for sale.
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

TIME great little game OF poker is max
ing rapid Roadway in Egypt despite
- the fact that no playing cards are
manufactured in that country In eight
months the United States exported 1927
packs for the Egyptians to amuse them
selves with. This was 1.lO0 packs more than
were exported in the period of the previous
year.
The Egyptians are fond Of playing all
games OF cards. but their favorite game
is poker. American exporters know this
by the stipulation made by Egyptian deal
ers that the 2s, SIS. Is. 5s 6s and jokers he
separated from the rest OF the pack by a
thin band of paper, leaving the poker deck
OF thirty-two cards loose This arrangement
Is absolutely required.
The Egyptian card players are particular
in other respects. too for they insist on hav-
ing the numbers or the markers" in all
four corners while in the case OF those who
purchase packs by the dozen. tho buyers
insist upon having six OF the packs with
blue backs and the remainder with red backs.
The clubs use only the best quality cards.
and decks once played with are resold to
local retailers
w THEN the typists in Siam sit down to
M/ their daily grind they do their
pounding on the keys OF American
made typewriters, according TO our vice.
consul at Bangkok. who reports that Ameri-
can typewriters reign supreme in that far
off country. This Is due TO the fact that the
United States manufacturers were tho pio-
neers in fitting their machines with Siamese
type.
This was no easy job for the siamese
characters. some Of "a letters. IL vowel sym
bols and II or more diacritcal signs and
marks Of punctuation have no resemblance
10 the Roman alphabet The fact that our
The New York herald., 1921-04-10

THE extraordinary effort made by
Lenine and his aids to spread Boil
Shevism over Europe is strikingly shown
by the chart, produced above, which
THE NEW YORK HERALD has re-
ceived from one of its correspondents in
Europe. The whole machinery has been
governed by central bureau, of which
these are members: Zinovief, Radek.
Chicherin, Lunatcharsky, Litvinof and
Krassin The machinery produced many
tons of literature weekly, which was so
distributed throughout Europe that it per-
coIated into nearly every city and town
on the Continent.
Special Correspondence 10 THE NEW York
HERALD.
Copyright, 1921, by THE New YORK HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau.
Paris, April g
"HE secret of Bolshevisms spread in
Europe precarious as it may seem in
the light of constantly recurring
volts against its ompipotent authority, lies in
the rapidity with which its sponsors adapted
themselves to the most modern of weapons
propaganda. hundred years ago Sovietism
might have fiourished in small circle Of viii
layers with advanced ideas. 1t might even
have spread to few surrounding areas, but
its progress would have been tediously SLOW
so slow, in fact, that the ardent fanaticism
upon which it feeds would have burned out
long before any satisfactory impression had
been made upon the affairs Of q single ma
tion. In those days 1t would have been
necessary for the doctrines of the movement
to be carried by individual couriers, lacking
all the facilities Of modern travel, without the
possibility of using either telegraphs. wireless
or aerial mails for the transmission OF their
orders, and above all they would have been
easily identified by even the most inferior
secret services of the Governments of that
epoch.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-06-15
SOME STEAMSHIP MYSTERIES

EIRES upon the liners George Washington,
Panhandle State and Buckeye State and
serious mishap to feed pipes of the We
natchce on her maiden trans Pacific voyage
compose in part the chapter of accidents of
which some Of the finest steamships under
the American flag lately have been victims.
The visitations of misfortune come at
time when the Shipping Board and privately
owned American steamship companies have
been contending with a widespread strike.
Since, however, the deadlock has at last been
broken and there is no convincing proof that
sabotage has been carried to extremes, it is
well to consider all possible causes Of these
regrettable events.
Significant is the fact that so many oil
burning vessels have been damaged The
superiority OF petroleum over coal as ocean
fuel is generally admitted, but it should be
equally plain that with the change increased
precautions against confagrations are re-
quired.
Notwithstanding the fact that the magnifi
cent new 81 900 ton passenger liners now
being completed for the Government are
equipped with the very latest devices in fire.
fighting machinery, the best OF safeguards
cannot be substituted for individual rcspon-
sibilities.
l. 1t is, Of course. conceivable that the series
Of mysterious fires Is due to exceptional
perversity Of circumstances. related neither
10 conspiracy nor carelessnCss. Neverthe-
less, they should serve as warnings for future
yfgilance
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-06-15
DEMOCRATS AND PEACE

'NyHE surrender of the forty nine House
J. Democrats who voted for the Porter
peace resolution may be regarded either as
resigned acceptance of the inevitable or as
an instance of the appeal Of harmony, on
whatever basis, as the sole recipe for liqui
dating the war problems
The latter view has the virtue OF being
optimistic and as such may be worth enter
tanning by a public eager to discern even the
faint outlines of constructive settlement
OF our share in the sequel to the world
conflict.
So far as formulating foreign policy for
the United States is concerned. the House
peace resolution is extremely modest. Its
importance--and the same thing applies to
the Knox proclamation-lie In the fact that
1t is in spirit II not in exact form an in
dispensable preliminary to future progress
on much more tangible lines.
1t matters not, at this late day. whether
the interest Of the majority party in a
verbal peace is justified or otherwise. The
resolutions can do comparatively little actual
harm, and they may be productive OF much
good by disposing of an issue which has been
interrupting congressional vision for more
than n year.
The adoption of a joint resolution. salts
factory to both houses should clear the
ground for consideration of vital policies
with bearing upon realities.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-06-15
WHAT Is MONEY!

TNHE Boshevists continue to think that
l. their most effective attack on Capital
ism can be made by destroying the value of
money. When they first came into power
they set the printing presses TO turning out
paper rubles and announced that they would
print so many Of them that the people would
cease to think money was worth anything.
Leonid Krassin, their Minister of Trade,
has just been saying that while they will pay
for what they buy abroad with gold or its
equivalent, they will print so many paper
rubles that money no longer will be taken
seriously" and then the internal debt will
liquidate itself.
Krassin and his associates are likely to
discover before many months that they have
misconceived the nature and function Of
money. Because money can be accumulated
and because in large masses il can control
industry to a certain extent, they and others
have assumed that it is q curious and in.
explicable thing.
As matter OF fact, the only theory that
explains money is that it is an intermediary
commodity invented to facilitate barter.
A man who makes shoes cannot very easily
buy suit of clothes with the things that he
makes. A third commodity is necessary.
Experience has proved that one of the pre-
cious metals serves this purpose best. The
shoemaker sells his shoes for the precious
metal, or something that represents it, and
gives this precious md ktal for a suit Of clothes
or a quart Of milk ar a table or chair or
whatever he wishes buy. The transac ction
is barter as really n though no third com
modify entered Into d TRANSACTION.
Trade between ns1 ans il more nearly like
ti,e barter of thcsd IA before Roney was
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-06-15

invented than is trade between individuals
at the present time.
The United States sells goods worth
$500, 100000 to Europe and Europe sells
goods worth $3.50, 900 to the United
States, but the only money that passes be-
tween the two parts Of the world is 500,
600. 900 needed to settle the difference.
All the money that circulates in the
United States Is gold or its equivalent. The
greenbacks. national bank notes and the
Federal Reserve notes are merely promises
to pay. They circulate because the credit
Of the Government and Of the banks Is good
and we believe that we can gee the gold
whenever we wish Il. The moment doubt Is
cast on the ability Of the Government or OF
the banks to pay these notes In gold the
holders Of them demand the gold.
This happened in the last century when
the deficit In the Federal Treasury was large
and growing and when Congress was doing
nothing to increase the revenues. The banks
which held the grcenbacks Immediately began
to present them for redemption, and they
exhausted the gold supply of the Treasury.
President Cleveland had to make a bar
gain with ]. Pierpont Morgan to supply the
Treasury with gold and to use his influence
with other bankers to stop the run on the
Treasury. It was only in this way that he
prevented a disastrous panic. The panic
was pretty bad anyway, but It might have
been worse.
All this is but an elementary exposition
OF the subject, but Il Is good to remind our
selves of It when the Bolshevists are ex-
hibiting such monumental ignorance.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-06-15
MUSIC AT CITY HALL PLAZA

TINE presence Of more than 1000 persons
l. at the opening concert Of the summer
season on the Parkway Plaza the other night
IN an index of the intrenched popularity of
music provided by the city.
Naturally, the attendance grows as the
series is extended for every year there are
new groups OF individuals TO whom the op-
portunlty OF enjoying the spiritual refresh
ment Of good music comes as a novelty.
The city Is to be commended for the interest
and money which it has bestowed on this
entertainment feature, and yet what has been
thus far accomplished is but beginning of
an enterprise capable Of stimulating ex-
pansion.
The frame bandstand erected last wear is
q considerable improvement over its fimsipr
predecessor on the City Hall Plaza. Acoustic
conditions also are bettered by the new seat
ing arrangements in the plot between Filbert
and Arch streets, Broad street and the Park
way. Without indulging in burdening ex
pense, however, there are possible improve
ments which the increase of public interest
in music amply warrants.
permanent bandstand. built Of durable
material and devised to be decorative as
well as useful, will soon be necessity,
Particular attention may be proftably be.
slowed upon the character Of programs pre
sented, and the director-in this instance
Edwin Brinton-need have little hesitancy
in submitting selections Of vital worth and
beauty.
In this city. within the last decade or so
the march of musical education has been
swift. jazz musical comedy airs and So
called popular" songs, of course. find favor.
but II is questionable whether their alleged
widespread appeal has not been exaggerated.
The fiction about "heavy" music is evap-
Grating, What remains is often an apprecia-
tiop BY the hearer of the beauty that Is in
herent In genuine Inspiration He may be
unnhle 10 analyze his esthetic pleasure, but
LIS .ntlsfae(ion Is none the less keen.
Hand I<elrrs on the plaza and in the city
s4uq6es< ~ Nell 10 b2r;sh tlm!tlitl. aha,lt