davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
AIRPLANE sowERs

Hardly has one become used to the gasoline tractor at work blowing in the fields than something else comes along to throw him off his stride and cause him to look around in wonder.
 They tell us that in time, and time not Tar distant the horse will disappear factor in the tillalle fields There will be man with both hands on the blow and the lines about his neck to shout gee and '-haw. goshdarn yuh.' No, sir. Just a machine plugging powerfully along leaving m it's wake several perfectly turned furrows
 And now what, having plowed the field with a tractor? only this the idea is to SOW them by using an airpane The science magazines are already tell ing about the possibilities Just an airplane, this seed sower is with system of metal tubes with holes in them through which the seed is forced by compressed air developed from the running plane It sows strip 36 feet wide at one clip and the width of the strip is marked by line of powdered lime flowing from the end of wing tip The machine is supposed to be slow flying, only about 10 miles an hour. and low flying, capable of carry ing a large quantity of grain at a trip.
 Labor saving The suggester of this idea says that one machine equipped ought to be able to SOW a square mile Of land in six hours. And the enthusiast further says: With sowing capacity of 1000 acres a day. machine could adequately serve a large grain growing community working either on the cooperative basis by contract"
 Verify, what will next
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04

making sculptures chiefly for decora- tive purposes.
 One day. after he had worked months at the problem. there came to the res ervation a squaw of the Santa Clara Indians of California, who had married a Hopi and who was spending her honeymoon with her husbands people. On a certain afternoon she walked to koptas studio with some eggs to sell and saw him at his kiln, and told him that she was of the Santa Clara In dians and that they also made pottery.
 But" she said, they make their pottery black while firing 1t.
 Good Indian Method
 The sculptor immediately asked her how it was done, whereupon she eS- pIained that after the pottery was fired. they placed in the pot. while the pottery was still red-hot material that would smoke excessively while burn ing. Kopta took the tip, and found, after his first experiment, that he was on the right track. He had many fafl- ures. chiefly due to breaking the sculp- ture in the process but finally evolved. with cedar bark used according to the Santa Clara Indian woman. a perfect bronze black which is ideal for his purposes.
 The greater part of Kopta's work has been sold to customers. although E
 many of his paintings. etchIngs and sculptures have been exhibited here and in California and now adorn many local homes He has also devoted him self to the study of ethnology, and has made various collections of Hopi oddi- ] tees for the Smithsonian institute ana other scientific bodies. Among his chief achievements, too. are his thou sands of photographs of the Hopis. Of I moi only the Snake Dance. but of all 1 their ceremonies, some of which are totally unknown to the casual visitor and of all the incidents of their daliy life. Many of these photographs nave
 been made into collections also Tor SCI entific institutions His long residence
 among the Indians and the care nc has taken to cultivate their friendship ana l trustfulness have given him opportuhl- ties along the foregoing lines ot Wlllch he has been prompt to avail niillseA.
 Among the labors which MT. hopta Econtemplates during his stay Ill fl,oe- nix is q bronze commemorative ldoit' for the pupils of the Indian schooi ~ Wllo
 died during the war numbering apops s2. This is to be a large -reil<' I and it is to be placed in some conspie luous part of the Indian school buiio ling or grounds. X feature of interest
 in this work is that he VIII use
 models many Indians who actuaiiN
 fought in France and who will pose 1T . the very clothes that they wore u battle.
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
TUESDAY MORNING. JANUARY 4, 1921
Courage Uithout discipline is mere b beastlineSS lOithout manhoOd.
 -Sir Philip Sidney.
Confidence and Cooperation

The American Exchange National Bank of New York has sent New Years greeting to the country. There is ring of confidence in it that win be cheering 10 aI Ut is so strong that all must be in spircd by it:
 The future belongs to the confident for the fight lies straight in front of him. His feet on the ground and there are no distractions. Uncer- tainty feeds hope 4 theory is at best only be- shining whose points of departure cannot be known A condition is a fact and the roads that lead from be uncertainty-no mistakes.
 Starting from a position with its back to the wall the road for business is forward. Divergent aims make concert impossible. Try as it will mass cannot move in opposing directions Business must together stand still die. In the present sit uation, defaton the process of getting down bed rock, Is stymed A few of us have gotten between Inc rest of and the goal, hoping to join advance without having joined in tho retreat It can't be done We must all get back to scratch-bedrock-play in turn and according to the rules Those who hesi- tate want to save something they never had We awalSng from economic nightmare. As long the dream lasted. dream wealth maddened and balanced somo of We mistook a bacchanai quiet afternoon in Eysian fields. The carousal Those of us who do not know as vet that some of our gold has turned to leaves hoping that George will get Co work But tho magic lamp is wickless and without oil We face the necessity of starting the day with wash at the old pump-a thing that win strengthen soul for the that lies before We should meet the situation with confdence-the trail blazer of progress.
 Turn the pages of history and note the record. Confidence was and is condition precedent to every worth while achievement The archaeology of the past records ita accomplishment than the vel Ium of today It's majestic racery is the footprint of time Every material expression of genius has found ts genesis in confidence. Through it we find New ton measuring the comets path, Franklin stealing fire from heaven. Columbus in search a new world. It has won wars defeated famine, built em- pires, created government subjugated the waters of the earth, made conquest of the air and converted mans habitation into garden of roses It is leg Hcy rom those from whom we arc descended-let us not be truant the trust
 In looking forward to 1921 with confidence we cannot but look back at 1920 with satisfaction We entered 1920 with far greater pcrplexty we are entering 1921, and when we look back with under standing at the record of achievements we may well congratulate ourselves upon the result and take hope for the future To many. confronted by appar- ently insurmountable personal problems which they are inclined to attribute to maldirecton on the part or the leadership of tho country this appreciation ot tho accomplishments of 1920 will seem unwar- ranted. That will be because they have forgotten what were the problems that confronted us then.
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
FORTY YEARS AGO TODAY
 publican in 1899, and for . tns published
 evening edition

Neri Osborn. nomination made unani- nous. For enrolling and expressing clerk Baker nominated Matte Tucker; made unanimous. MT. Crowen of Pima was unanimously nominated for ser geant at arms. Charles Franklin was elected doorkeeper.
 Assignce's Notice
 N. l.. Peralt having assigned to me all his property and effects including book accounts. notes and due bills for the benefit of his creditors. all persons being indebted to the said NJ. l.. Peralta are requested to make payment to me at once.
 M. W. KALES, assignee. (AI. l.. Peralta- almost from the set tlement of Phoenix had been one of the largest wholesale and retail merchants in the territory.)
 Local
 Hosea Greenshaw Is quite i'll. Charley Cole has purchased an in- terest in Brown and Whites saloon. Governor Fremont came in from the East by way of the Atchison. Topeka and Santa Fe yesterday afternoon and departed this morning for Prescott. Mrs. Monihon has filed her final ac- count in the estate of Luke Monihon deceased, tmurdered,l and the case i. set for hearing before the probat, judge next Saturday.
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04

in sculpture under Raoul Verlet and Injabert-
 In 1910 he exhibited a couple of studies and a Portrait of a Lady in the Salon des Beaux Arts. These works and a portrait in bronze of an old Crimean war veteran were exhibit ed in London in 1911, and in the lat ter part of the same year he returned to California, setting up a studio in Los Angeles. Here his thoughts con- corning the Indians and the pioneers all the host of subjects suggested by reading the writings of Bret Harte, of which he was intensely fond, began to take definite shape, when suddenly the very opportunity for which he had been waiting came to him. He be- came acquainted with a scientist who had been working among the Hopi Indians in northern Arizona and was returning to the reservation. He asked Kopta to go with him, and short interval of time showed the young artist and his friend in Gallup, N. M., on their way to the Hopis.
 Kopta's first stop in Arizona was al Ganado, Apache county, where Sen ator Lorenzo Hubbelrs famous home Is situated Of this Mecca for art ists. sculptors and authors Mir, Kopta had much to say last evening, particu
 larly concerning Hubbelrs art col lection and the methods he has used in improving the Navajo blanket
 A Tribute to Beautiful Ganado
 For more than 40 years Senator Hubbell has been entertaining artists at his home, with the result that the walls are covered with the finest works of the best painters of the United states, given to the senator as expectations of his hospitality and ! L. works. allied with the colorful cos | tunes of the Indians on the streets 1 of the little town. the settings of the surrounding scenery, typical of the southwest and tho desert and the ar | tistic atmosphere immediately appar- 1 ent to the visitor makes in Kopta' s | opinion, Ganado superior to anything l that he has ever seen in Europe in 1 beauty, fullness of color and pictur- 1 sequences.
 Tn improving the quality and artis i tic worth of the Navajo blanket Sen
 ator Hubbell and his son have taken 1 full advantage of the opportunities ] that have been theirs and as result ! have been able to give the NaYajos ! around them better markets for their i blankets and to give them also true ideas of what their white customers desire. Artists soiourning at the fuDDeH nome would pant designs TOT ! blankets, using the Indian models, but correcting them, harmonizing the
 cOlorS and in other ways showing 1T
 these models how the blankets nigh
 be improved. In some instances, KOp-
 ta said. the Indians turned the table.
 and improved in turn upon the worf
 of the artists. However. the models
 were then hung by Senator hubbe]
 upon the walls of his office, and wheI
 the squaws came in with tleir TEQ ducts, he would have them study ttt'
 paintings. The squaws would sit
 the floor iutently studying the pat terms and impressing every detai
 of design and color in their memories
 and in a month or two would conn
 back with the completed blankets
 The senator's son is continuing thes
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
Los Angeles Times
 Issues Big Annual

A sfght-seeing trip through southeih California accompanied by a guide who knows and explains everything that ls seen. is the novel idea behind the ls-A Mid Winter Number just published py inc Los Angeles Times. It IS prlneed in seven sections, 240 pages. ana nus trated in colors and rotograVure-
 The Times Midwinter NnmDef is III tended fo give a comprehensive survey of southern california down to the last minute. taking in every angle ana as nect of the subject Wealth from Cal ifornia,s OiE" Building Two ships T Month"; Bean Bag of the World Ten Millions from Fish Packing, "California's Rare Fruits: Hunters And Anglers Paradises World ram ous Athletes.r Air Craft Develop ment.e .'Progress of Individual Cities; What. How and Where Los Angeles Eats:" Hidden Beauty spots Tor Hfkers." "Weather Science Applied le Farming; New Industrial Enter- nrises.', Flaming the Widest River on inc esontinent:r @Ail the Year Golf arc n few titles selected from it's table of contents.
 coIor-platcs show some Of Caiifor- niats unusual geological structures, si,ch as the famous Closed Gatneufa4 | in inc Red Rock canyon. Other illus l trations portray peach orchards. orange groves. flower gardens, cotton fields walnut ranches. cattle ranges. winter vegetable gardens, date and fig groSes' the harsor. industries. historical spots scenic attractions and various phases
 of everyday life ,,
 4 double page spread gives a binu s- eye view of southern California wias'e { another shows Los Angeles trade.
 In support of the claim that ev per cent of the nations moving pictures are manufactured in southern Salitofli-'', many facts and figures are puohs.ltt together with photographic peeps be- hind the scenes.
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
Tuesday, Jan. 4. 1881

Tuesday, Jan. 4, 1881
 Chicago, Jan. 4-The Times Wash ington special says that Blaine has been offered the premiership of tho new administration and that he will accept it. Charles Foster has been offered and accepted the secretaryship of the interior Garfield has positively made up his mind to offer the secretaryshiH of the treasury to Levi P. Morton. IL is pretty well settled that the Pacific coast win be given a representative in the cabinet Congressman Horace Davis is favorably considered for post master general.
 San Francisco, Jan. 4-The popula- ton of California, exclusive of Chinese and Japanese is 7S9.557
 The Legislature
 THE HOUSE
 Prescott, Jan. 4--Robb of Pinal nom mated Knapp of Yuma for speaker. seconded by Brown of Yavapai. No other nominations being made, Knapp took his seat thanking the body for the honor. Richard Rule Of Pima was unanimously elected chief cleck.
 THE COUNCIL
 Masterson of Yavapai was elected president on the motion Of Fickas oi Pima. seconded by Thomas Meade nominated ]. c. Perry for chief clerk: Hereford nominated Frank Fitch. Foi assistant chief clerk, Baker nominated
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
MANS REAL FREEDOM IS STRAIGHT THINKING
 By pr. James ]. Vance

The fight for freedom is pre- e-eminently a conflict Inf ideas for freedom is not physical but spiritual u resides in the soul The real treemen or the "oTio arc those who think straight and do right
 Chains on the body of those thus free can never make them slaves. Prison bars can never shut Tn a soul that has been emancipated-
 And so the fight for freedom is being waEed by an who champion and proclaim slavery smashing freedom bringing truths. This is the great propa- gandum 1t is worth while to live If one can circu- late an idea that will open prison door or break chain Death cannot stop the work of the freedom brincers of the world It may strike down the fight CT but the fight goes on.
 For this fight for freedom is one that will not cease until 1t is won. The world cannot accept slavery. As long as one fetter remains long as one man in any land is deprived oI his rights the war is on The fight for freedom is the campaign of humanity. and the real heroes of the race those in every age who have lived and suffered, have fought and died. that men may be free,
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
The Progress of the League

Notwithstanding the volume of the cablegrams sent from Geneva during the first meeting there of the assembly of the League of Nations there is a very vague idea in this country of its accomplish ments. We heard, more of the disputes that arose seemingly threatening the existence of the league and little of the progress that actually made. Altogether there is perhaps a general impression that the first meeting failure. But that is not the impression of H. N. Hickey the Newspaper Enterprise Association who has returned to this country he says it is not the impression of the several hundred delegates. technical experts and newspaper correspondents from every quarter of the world.
 The greatest single accomplishment was the adoption of the plan International along the lines suggested by Eihu Root. This court will sit at the Hague and have eleven judges elected by the League The plan must be signed and rati- fled by twenty-two nations, majority of League membership before it becomes effective. Whether or not the United States joins the League it may ratify the world court plan and participate in it's benefits.
 Regarding the proposal of Canada drop Article x out of the covenant that. with number of other proposals was referred commission be ap- pointed by the council of the League The report will be submitted 10 the assembly of the League next September.
 Mir. Hickey does not forecast the fate of this
  America may make to amending the covenant so long it leaves the foundation intact. will ably received by the nations which make up the League membership. The members have no il- lusions about the difficulties confronting them if America holds aloof That probably would not wreck the League but it would greatly limit it's activities
 One of the chief objectves of the League is the disarmament of the nations, the first step toward which is the limitation of armament And with America playing lone hand, little if any progress be made toward disarmament. Japan frankly says that with America outside the League, making great naval increases it cannot any pro gram of armament limitation.
 The greatest affirmative accomplishment of the meeting Geneva aside from the adoption of the world plan, was the action in bringing about better understanding between Poland Llthuania, probably preventing war in taking steps to negoti ate between the Turkish nationals under Renal and the Armenians with preventing the ez- termination the latter deciding to finance the campaign against typhus in Poland. All these were constructive actions
 The admission of Austria and Bulgaria to the league was important showing the desire of the member nations to heal the scars of war rapidly as possibly. Only the fact that Germany had not yet given guarantes of purpose to carry out the terms the treaty of Versailles barred the admis4 sion of the arch enemy in the world war.
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04
Two Lieuidations

Two "hquidatons' mentioned in the dis patches of yesterday morning-that of the forces Gabriel of the Annunciation at Plume and that of the treasury clerks cooperative store at Washing ton. D. c. The latter is by the more important in that it the end one of many similar ventures while the adventure of dAnnunzio in the nature Of things is not likely have any counterparts It teaches lesson worth while.
 The high price era through which we have been passing and now nearly through gave birth to many cooperative stores. The temptation to bodies organized for other purposes engage in them was strong and frequently irresistible. Merchants gen sraly and properly noting the steadily rising prices of the commodities in which they dealt advanced re- ail prcies replacement basis, for they foresaw that time coming one could say when when they would be left with large stocks on hand the retail price of which could not be based upon replacement or wholesale prices during the high period but must be fixed by the lower wholesale prices.
 There the temptation to go into the CO., operative store business Many of those stores were successful during this period Almost any one can succeed in merchandising when the prices of com modities steadily rising. Aud during such a period a merchant without taking thought of the hereafter sell at prices so much lower than his neghbors that he win attract patronage from them t not strange therefore through the period
  ordinary business management they could not have lone otherwise.
 They were sailing in an open sea the sails filled by favoring gales. But with readjustment the sea began Co be troubled. The winds shifted and be- aame adverse Shoals and rocks presented them selves. Only those vessels provided with chart com and slSillful steersmen could escape disaster
 Cooperative stores whose management had lacked forothought of the end Of the era of high prices found themselves without reserves They had taken none of the profits which flowed naturally to- ward them at the beginning of the high prices. at the beginning of the period when they entered upon the business. SO that they had nothing to offset the losses which they bound to take on he falling market
 And there is another thing. Any business to be successful our sociausuc and communistc friends 20 tho contrary notwithstanding, must have at it's lcad one or more men who have a direct deep, per .oual interest iu it--to whom its success means added vcalth-sorue ethus more than salary. however muninccut. or mere satisfaction with success.
 rho more capable managers vo believe do not
Arizona republican., 1921-01-04

methods of improvement with the greatest success.
 At Ganado Kopta met William R. Lehigh, the magazine Illustrator. with whom and the scientist he proceeded to Canyon de Chelly, where they did some sketching, and then crossed over to the Hopi reservation for the Snake Dance. Kopta had become deeply im- pressed with the Hopi reservation and the possibilities for art there, and after short stay returned to Los Angeles ! to gather the equipment necessary for | a prolonged visit 10 these Indians He returned in June, 1918. and since that time has practically made his home on the reservation.
 Presented Study to Roosevelt
 He soon had built a studio and started his work. The first of his out put. a terra cotta portrait of a Hopi squaw, was presented to Colonel Theo- dore Roosevelt during visit made to the reservation by the great American. Of the methods he was forced to use in completing his sculptures on the reservation Kopta told a most inter esting story. There are three perma- lnent mediums of sculptural expression I--bronze marble. and terra -cotta, the latter of which was the only feasible | method to use on the reservation. He found there an excellent clay for mod Ieling, but it was long before he dis Icovered methods whereby he could fire land color his models successfully but finally he evolved the following plan: I He made tho models of clay, and
 then, by means Of piece -moulds. he was
 able to make about ten copies of each. To make his copies he first made his plaster moulds and then poured into
 them wet clay of the density of mo-
 lasses. The wet clay was washed into
 all the crevices of the plaster. and theH
 poured out, the plaster absorbing some of the moisture After 10 or ! Illin-
 utes the operation is repeated. and se
 on until or 10 applications tf the we
 clay have been made. when the mouit contains replica of the sculpture O the requisite thickness and uniform throughout. which also insures uniform
 shrinking as the replica dries.
 Firing" the Pieces
 The mould is then taken apart, th'
 various pieces of the replica are joined
 tos 4ther and carefully gone over. ant ! then the sculpture is ready for firing
 Kopta found additional difficulties il this step of the work He made fo himself the necessary ''saggers" O , pots of clay, in which to fire his pieces , and then looked around for the neces
 sary fuel Wood and coal were tried
 but in sheep dung from the old corral . Kopta found material that was al most ideal. This is cut into bricks an, i, dried. and is then piled about an, - above the saggers. It is ignited at tn ground and burns steadily and uni : formiy. and. most important an . strange of all. because of the sand an earth with which it is mixed. it doe . not form an ash but rather a soli ' clfnkpr of the exact size and shap ; of the unburued fuel, thus conservin o the heat and allowing the sculpture , to cool slowly and uniformly withou
 risk of breakage.
 f Then came the question of colori . The yellow clay, as the Indi e ans knew-for they used it = their pottery-gave him red af a ter giring, and the gray clay turne = suitable for Kopta's work. as he wa