davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-01-25

tion and thought in the mind that make
all the difference in eve.y act.
MOT so long ago / read letter which
~ was written by very dear old
gentleman to his wife exactly one hun.
dred and one years ago. He was
| Philndelph'an and went TO Europe on
business and, incidentally, did some
sight seeing In London while there, and
ic wrote that he was very much shocked
at the ballet dancing at the opera that
ne thought 1t improper ; that The women
stood on one foot and twirled around on
with the other foot held straight out
at an angle, and the men did the same
hing and finished their dance with feet
crossed and hn u .""' l'ttln nen and ink
"lres to show how shocking 1t was.
wondei eu as L read it what he
wou'd think Of the twinkle toe" and
Washington toddle" of today, for even
II / like the more comfortable dressing,
| cant say that / like the extremely up
to date dances. They look so vulgar,
and that is pity.
Some day I'll have to tell you more
about that 'etter, for IL describes the
opera in Lond IN and gives a long de-
scrption of Nauxhall, too.
I'D you know that Mrs. Scott is
~ going to have second series OF
Supper Club dances? The first series
ends on the 9th Of February. but SO
much have the members enjoyed the
CLUB they have begged for q second
series, and SO the second will begin on
February -. It was lots of fun !ast
Saturday, and there were n great many
there. The Saturday before there were
800 and last week was close on to the
same number. ! did not stop to count
how many, but It certainly is going
strong. IL is nice to have dance
which is not devoted entirely to the
debutantes; some of us others do like
"a Ook in once in u while, and thcs
Supper Cub is for ull-"lebs" and the
second and third year girls and the
younger married set and some of the
older set, too, and every one enjoys it.
MRS. HOWARD RHOADEs and
A'1 Miss Dorothy Fmlen are to receive
this afternoon at the formal reopening of
the Midnight Mission. at 90 Locust
street. Mrs. Hampton Carson. Mrs.
Whitaker Thompson and number Of
other women are greatly interested in
this work. which has been going or
quietly in this city for seventy years.
The house has been closed for a short
time for repairs. but will reopen with q
tea this afternoon from until 6 o'clock.
A ND don't forget the tea under the
"A auspices of the Armenian commit
tee of the Emergency Aid at which
RoShanara. the Oriental dancer. will
speak and dance at the Art Alliance this
afternoon. It's going to be busy day.
something tells me.
NANCY wYNNE.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-01-25
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

Among the guests who will attend
the dinner to be given by Mr. and Mrs
DAME Mcreau Barringer, OF 2l05 Wa
nut street. tomorrow evening at their
home N honor of M SO Mary Law, daugh-
ter of Mrs. Ernest Law. will be Miss
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1921-01-25

Elizabeth Battles, Miss Alice Hayt. Miss
Margaret Boyle, Miss Verna rrtc.son
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
TYPICAL u. S. MARINE.

Rear Admiral Caperton on September 3,
1915, declared martial law and reestablished
order In Port au Prince and other principal
cities.
The marines were reinforced, and ever
since there has been force there which has
varied from 1000 to 2,000 Customs houses
were taken over by American officers, the
funds being used to organize an efficient con-
ystabulary. for temporary public works to af-
ford relief to discharged soldiers and starv-
ing population and finally for the support Of
the Government.
On August H. 1915 Dartiguenave was
elected President of the Republic, by Con-
gress, the vote being: Dartiguenave "a;
Cauvin IA; Thezan A. Bobo g. Dartiguenave,
after taking the oath of Office made speech
in which he promised to govern solely for
the benefit of Hayti, and expressed apprecia-
ton of the American forces. which he stated
had made possible an election free from in
timidation.
AS matter of fact, the Congress which
elected Dartiguenave was not representative
of the people and had not been elected by
them. there having been no such thing as a
fair election in Hayti for years. Dartigue-
nave, however, was not the leader Of any
faction, and for hat reason and because he
had shown a disposition to cooperate with
the American military government to estab-
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Voice of the Machine

TOT so long ago machinery company
\ in Boston had an interesting expert
i ence in truly modern methods Of
conducting the technical part Of its business.
1t had sold large and expensive machine
to factory in Canada. At the time 1t was
shipped the company sent skilled machin-
list to see that it was properly set up and put
I'm good running order. The machine
reached its destination in safety, but the
uor,xnan was taken with serious illness
and was obliged to return
The superintendent Of the factory, know
ing that IL the machine could be made to
run at once II would save hundreds OF
dollars In the factory expenses, endeavored
to put the machine up without aid. He sue
ceeded in erecting 1t so that 1t looked all
right. but something was wrong; 1t did not
run smoothly and gave out curious, rasp-
ing noise.
The manufacturers decided to consult the
Boston machinery company over the tele-
phone, called them up and told them that the
machine refused to run smoothly and that
1. was making curious noise.
EXTEND your wires into the room where
the machine is running. Our expert IL
here, and Wen have him listen to It," was
the reply.
This was done. The skilled machinist Of
the Boston company directed In what posi-
tions tho receiver of the telephone should
be placed. Suddenly his ear caught the
sound which came from the seat of the
trouble In n few seconds he had told the
Canadian company the mistake that had
been made in assembling the machine, and In
a few minutes more the change had been
made which caused everything TO run
smoothly.
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Lacking In Moral Fibre
For Republican Institutions

from the day of the occupation" he re-
ported, "there began an Improvement in the
material and moral conditions in Hayti that
has steadily gone on until it can safely be
said that never before have they been so
good as they are at this moment"
His experiences. however, convinced him
that the country is not ready by reason Of
laok of education of even the most primary
character for any real republican institu-
tons. Left to itself, II would fall prey to-
men of some education, but OF low ethics
who would exploit II for personal advantage.
The essential difficulty is apparently lack
of anything like moral fibre and the ignor-
ance and superstition of the greater part
Of the population, which Is almost pure
negro. There Is a slight admixture of white
blood. the result Of the mixing OF early
French settlers with natives, or OF more
recent marriages and connections. but over
whelmingly the people are blacks, the de-
scendants Of slaves imported in the early
days.
voodooism is the prevailing religion. II
Is q species Of snake worship, involving hu-
man sacrifice IN its extreme rites There
have been numerous cases OF cannibalism
and blood drinking brought TO the attention
Of American officials. and one voodoo priest
was tried and convicted by military court
of this offence. He was accused of having
at one time or another killed thirteen chill
dren, whose blood was drunk and whose
flesh was eaten by members Of his congre-
CATION
Charges Native Bandit Chiefs Taught
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
A Birds Barbed Wire Fence

TN Central America are many strange
birds with stranger habits but prob
= ably none is more interesting than
little brown wren which may be seen along
the roadsides or on fences. This little bird,
about the size of a canary, builds nest out
Of all proportion to its apparent needs. He
selects small tree with horizontal branches
growing close together. Across two OF the
branches he lays sticks fastened together
with tough fibre until platform about six
feet long by two feet wide is constructed.
The New York herald., 1921-01-16

On the end OF this platform nearest the
tree trunk he then builds huge dome shaped
nest a foot or so high. with thick sides of
interviewer thorns. A covered passageway
is then made from the nest to the end of the
platform In as crooked manner as possi
Bile. Across the outer end as well as at
short intervals along the inside of this tunnel
are placed cunning little fences of thorns
with Just enough space for the owners to
pass through. On going out this opening is
o.csed by the owner by placing thorns across
the gateway. and thus the safety Of eggs or
young Is assured.
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
ADMIRAL HENRY T. MAYO.
An investigating board under him
exonerated the Marine Corps of
atrocity charges.

lish order was most acceptable to the State
Department
Shortly after his election Dartiguenave's
government was recognized by the United
States. the treaty having been signed on
September IT, 1915.
Competent observers on the spot" said
Admiral Knapp. do not hesitate to say that
to the American occupation Dartiguenavc
owes the fact that he is alive in office in
stead of being dead or a refugee. If the
American forces were withdrawn 1t is not be-
lieved that his administration would last a
fortnight, for the rewards of revolution
would be greater now than before owing to
the prosperity brought about by the good Or
der and stability that have resulted from
the occupation. Even with the occupation
there have been incpient revolutions, one of
some magnitude"
The treaty with Hayti which was ratified
May 8, 1916, provides for the customs re-
ceivership, financial adviser and for Amer
lean engineers to direct sanitation and public
improvements and for a native constabu-
larly to be organized and differed by Ameri-
cans All these American officials are ap-
pointed by the President Of Hayti upon nomi-
nation by the President of the United States.
The treaty was not put into full effect
until nearly O year after its ratification,
but meantime the forces Of occupation con-
tihued their work. They reestabished order
at first in the coast cities and then In the
back country. Naval officers of the pay
corps collected customs duties. The Cen
darmerie dHaiti was organized and officered
from the Marine Corps, junior officers being
selected from the enlisted personnel
The Gendarmerie d'Haiti is a force of
$500 Haytans. 1t is the sole police and mill
tary force authorized by Haytian laws. IL
polices towns and country districts and Is In
charge of all prisons and jails. There IS
not a single case of d.sloyalty against their
officers or against the record OF the gen.
darmerie. Marine Corps officers say.
The recevership general was going con-
Germ when the treaty went into effect. The
receiver general has a number of American
assistants, but the greater number OF em-
ployees are Haytians. some in responsible po-
sitions. Customs due are honestly collected
and turned over to the national Treasury.
BY the treaty per cent of collections are
allowed for expenses of receivership.
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Inquiry Into So-called
Atrocities Shows
Conditions of Cue
rilla Warfare Similar
to Fighting Against
the MOrOs
New York Herald Bureau,
Washington, ID. c., Jan. l5.

..VV TE are on hard ssrvice, and the
\A/ thanks we get is that the folks
w at home are made to think we
The New York herald., 1921-01-16

View of Port Prince, chief Of Hayt made safe and
general pacied ubule
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Engineers Acting Under the Treaty
Are Developing Natural Resources

Despite the falling off in business incident
to the war customs receipts in 1919-1920
were se.421 900, as compared with $4,024,4so
In 191o-1e11. prosperous year. and s3.Sll.-
54S in 1g14-1915. Indications are that re-
ceipts will break all records for the year
1920-1921.
Though the engineers authorized py the
treaty to take charge of development OK nat
ural resources sanitation. &C., did not ar
rive in Hayti until January, 1917, and were
badly handicapped when they did arrive by
lack of facilities, considerable progress has
heen made.
y Plans for new irrigation projects have
The New York herald., 1921-01-16

DEATH If a native Haytian ate the heart of
a marine he would have the courage Of a
marine; if he ate the liver he would have
the wisdom of the white man, the liver be-
ing considered by Haytians as the seat of
wisdom; if the brain of a marine were
rubbed on the sights of Haytians rifle he
would have unerring aim and would Kill
many marines.
In April of 1920 a small patrol Of ma
rines and gendarmes under Lieut.. Lawrence
Muth, who though lieutenant in the native
constabulary was only sergeant in the Ma
rine Corps was ambushed near Morne Mi
chel by much larger force of Cacos. Muth
was shot early in the fighting, though he
continued to direct his men and gave them
advice as to the best means of escaping.
Private Stone, the second in command. was
also wounded The two remaining marines
used their auto-rifie with good effect but
were forced to retreat.
A relief party found the headless body OF
MutA with the heart cut out. prisoner
testified that he had seen Benot Batraville,
a notorious bandit leader, sever the head
from Muth's body, take out the brain and
cause his men to rub their rifles with 1t, In
order "to make them hit all the marines
they fired at" When Benoit was killed later
in the month he was carrying Muth's rifle
and Colt automatic.
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
REAR ADMIRAL H. S. KNAPP.
His findings in regard to the Marine
Corps administration of Hayti showed
the task faced.

nlediately sell their services to the next as
pirant to unseat the first.
Since the independence of Hayti January
/. 1904. there have been two emperors one
king and twenty -four presidents. OF these
five died in office from natural causes, four
were assassinated or killed in action against
revolutionists, one committed suicide two
resigned, one served full term alive and
one is now in office. The rest left under
revolutionary auspices, generally fleeing the
country.
Dessalines was made Governor for life of
the Haytian State" upon the declaration Of
independence, but proclaimed himself EN-
peror eight months later and was am
bushed and killed in october of the next year.
This began the revolutionary habit of Hayti
under independence, with the result that
only one President has served his full term
and retired peacefully
President lie Conte was assassnated with
about two hundred of his guards by the
criminal blowing up OF the National Palace
on August 8. 1912 His successor died the
following May of illness whose origin
was not above suspicion. The next Presi-
dent went into exile after less than two
years. His successor lasted eight months.
and the next President about two months
more. Then came President Guillaume Sam.
who is believed to have caused more than
one hundred and fifty political prisoners to
be massacred In prison, and who was him.
self killed July %, 1915, in the French Lega-
ton, where he had sought asylum after being
wounded in the Presidential mansion
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Body of Slain President Dragged
Through Streets of Port au Prince

His body was mutilated and dragged
about the streets Of Port au Prince in an
indescribably brutal manner as is shown by
official photographs now in the archives of
the Marine Corps at Washington. President
Dartiguenave, the present incumbent was
elected August IL, 1915, and has been kept
in Office only through the support Of the
American forces.
When II became evident that the Haytians
were beyond the power to better conditions
for themselves and when several European
powers had indicated that they would take
over the government of the island IL the
United States did not. the American Govern
ment sent warships to Port au Prince July
26, 1915, and after more than patient delay
The New York herald., 1921-01-16

AN ~
w at home are made to think we
are hard gyyt"
Thus wrote homesick marine, sweltering
2 in tropical Hayti, in a letter to his mother
in New York. He had just read in month
old American newspaper account OF
atrocities alleged to have been practised by
himself and colleagues upon their little
brown brothers" in the turbulent southern
republic
In view of the exoneration by the Mayo
Investigating Board of the conduct of the
greater part of the American forces of occu-
patton there is perhaps some excuse for the
'leatherneck's" bitterness The court of in
quiry, headed by Admiral Mayo, made an
exhaustive investigation of the history Of
the American regime in Hayti, and found
that, with few almost negligible excep-
tions," officers and men of the Marine Corps
had conducted themselves with distinction
and credit to the service.
Many Difficult Problems and Perils
For the Marines on Duty in Hayti
That the marines had much to contend
with Is indicated by the report of every Off
Ger who has been to Hayti Scarcely day
has passed in the five years of American
occupation that a marine has not been called
upon to face some difficult problem, often
alone and against great odds. Privates and
commissioned officers found themselves
promoted to positions of command in the ma
tive constabulary of Gendarmerte dHdttt
and in many instances were placed in situa-
tions where they were the only white men
in the midst of hundreds of hostile "Cacos,"
the organized banditry which for years was
a scourge to Hayti.
Under such circumstances it is not aston
ishing that now and again men proved them
selves unequal to the position Of authorityp
coupled with isolation, and number Of them
went insane.
Conditions in Hayti were very similar to
those which prevailed in the Philippines
when the Americans first took them over
Bandit leaders, whose forces numbered from
twenty men to two thousand. kept up con-
stant guerilla warfare. Their method was
that of the head hunting Moro. They did
not nght pitched battles. but were most at
home In the brush. sniping and planning am
bushes.
II has been estimated that 5000 bandits
have been killed in Hayti during the last five
years. but Rear Admiral Harry S. Knapp
who spent several months in Hayti following
sensational charges by Major-Gen. George
Barnett that practically indiscriminate kill
ing Of natives" had taken place. found that
these killings occurred in legitimate warfare
and that such warfare was necessary ito re-
store order and respect for human life." He
also pointed out that in the same period
American lives were sacrificed, and his de-
scrfption of the Cacos bad men" killed
leads one to conclude that IL more had
been put out Of the way the world would
have been better on
Admiral Knapp found that although some
bad cases of abuse Of power on the part Of
the gendarmerie" had occurred. there could
be no doubt as to the generally high char
acter Of service rendered by American off,
GERS and men. and that American occupation
has been Of vast benefit to the Haytians
themselves
Lacking In Moral Fibre
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Bandits the Controlling Element
In Revolutionary Movements


The area Of Hayti is approximately 10000
square miles The country Is very noun
famous. Between the great mountain ranges
lie densely populated river valleys OF ex-
traordjnary fertility. Hayti is therefore ex
ceptionally well adapted for the activities OF
bandit bands. Throughout the history of
Hayti, bandtry has been prevalent, the bands
being recruited from released or escaped
criminals and from the class Of men who
prefer to live by robbing the Industrious.
peaceful people in the valleys rather than by
earning their bread by their own labor.
Banditry has been one OF the greatest evils
which the Haytian people have had to con-
tend with, not only because Of the actual in
Jury done by the depredations Of the bandits
but also for the reason that the bandit bands
have formed the nuclei of the so called revo-
lutionary armies which have so frequently
devastated Hayti and drenched it's soil with
blood
Always the Cacos have been the control
ling element in revolutions. They were pur-
chased by first one candidate and then an
other Finishing a contract with one man,
they, having put him In power, would Inn
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Most Notorious of the Bandits Killed
In Thrilling Exploit by Marines

The most notorious bandit of all those who
gave trouble to the marines was Charlie
magne Peralte, who, with large following,
for years kept the northern part of the island
in fear and subservience. He was killed by
Capt Herman III. Hanneken. sergeant in
the Marine Corps, who with Corporal Will
lam r. Button and twenty gendarmes pene-
trated the rebel lines and killed Charlie
magne in his headquarters, surrounded by
rebel army of 1900. Peralte's personal
guard at the time was not less than $50 men.
Having blackened their faces and donned
old civilian clothes, Hanneken, Button and
twenty gendarmes worked their way through
six lines of outposts while the army of Pc
ralte was besieging the town of Grande Ri
Were, and. having come to Peralte's head
quarters. opened fire upon the guard with an
auto-riHe, killing Charlemagne and nine
other bandits They then escaped in the
darkness
For this exploit Hanneken and Button re-
ceived the medal of honor.
Another typical example of the treachery
of the Cacos is contained In the official
count of the death of Private Clarence K.
Morris. marine aviator. killed November A,
1919 Morris left his disabled plane, taking
with him the Lewis gun and three drums of
ammunition. He got three natives to guide
him. and later gave the machine gun to one
of the natives to carry. Becoming tired. he
sat down, and while in that position was
struck from behind with machete.
The natives then took the machine gun.
his clothes and ammunition and joined the
bandits. Searching parties found nothing
but the bones of the aviator and leather
helmet.
The official reports to the Navy Depart
'ment abound in such stories OF killing from
ambush or treachery on the part of pre-
sumably friendly natives
The New York herald., 1921-01-16
Charges Native Bandit Chiefs Taught
Followers to Mutifate White Victims

There is also evidence in the official rec
ords OF the Marine Corps that the native
bandit chiefs taught their followers to mu-
tilate their white victims as a charm against
Evening star., 1921-09-18

In a mule race at the
Dutchess county, N. Y. fair
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt.
driving Happy B. succeed
ed in reaching the winning
post at exactly the same
time Mrs. ]. Griswold
Webb. driving Nellie G.
Good. completed the course.
The race was a dead heat.
Mrs. Roosevelt's mule was
stung by a wasp in the
home stretch. Otherwise,
he would have been badly
beaten.
C. Keystone View ca.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1921-06-02
glls Ginseitarlbnig a,tgeieben.

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