The New York herald., 1921-12-23

of international instruments, either
directly or indirectly, suggesting al
liances with foreign Power or groups
of Powers.
The American officials are of the
opinion that Senators Lodge and
Underwood will be able to answer
every point raised against the four
Power treaty in the Senate. Opponents
of the treaty in that body are equally
positive that no explanation will jus
tify "either the secrecy with which
the international contract was ne
gotiated or satisfactorily explain the
surrender of the American delegates
TO British influences"
Hints at Concealment.
The controversy over the methods
employed by the American delegates
in presenting the treaty to the coun-
try has unquestionably created a sus-
picion that the parties to it had some
thing to conceal. This statement is de-
clared by the American delegates to
be unjustified as well as untrue, q
statement, however. that has in no
wise discouraged opposition. The in
strument itself has not yet been sub
rnitted to the Senate, nor is the Presi-
dent in any hurry to send it there.
He has informed leaders of that body
that he desires the most minute an
alysis Of it.
It Is the understanding of some Sem
ators that the President in fact will
not oppose reservations designed to
clear up any antiquities that may be
found to exist after sober. considera-
tion. He has expressed confidence
that no such reservations will be
necessary.
Opposing Senators are equally con-
fident that reservations expressly stip-
ulating that the treaty does not apply
to Japan proper must be agreed to be-
fore it's ratification can be accom-
plished. Representatives of Great
Britain, Japan and France to-day re-
trained from discussing the ferment
caused by the failure of Senator Lodge
to more correctly define the scope of
the treaty. Privately they expressed
the opinion that 1t will be found free
from the Objectionable features now
being urged.
Since the beginning OF the agitation
against the phrasing of the document
the delegates who signed it have even
discussed the advisability of signing a
protocol calculated to overcome the
objections raised by some Of the op-
ponents to the measure. AS far as
can be learned, however, no step has
actually been taken in this direction.
Ia psnf ~
The acceptance and eventual sign
ing of the four Power treaty resulted
from a series of conferences partici-
pated in by Secretary Hughes, Mr..
Balfour, NJ. Viviani and Ambassador
Shdehara, representing the Govern
ments of the United States, Great
Britain, France and Japan.
As far as can be definitely determined
the original suggestion for tho treaty
finally agreed on was Mr.. Balfour's.
The inspiration was derived from a
desire on the part of, Great Britain to
provide a substitute for the Anglo
Japanese alliance, against which the
United States had set it's face.
The position Of this country, and
later on France, was that the new
agreement should be divested of feat
ures which the United States regarded
as Objectionable. Spokesman for the
British delegation and, in fact, those
OF Japan, made no secret of their am
bitions to negotiate a treaty that
would bring in the United States and
eventually France and would at once
meet the objections of this country TO
the Anglo-Japanese treaty while at the
same time expand and preserve the
spirit of that instrument.
The British delegates were unusually
frank in discussing the matter and
from day to day revealed the progress
made toward accomplishment Of the
new agreement. Five drafts of the
new treaty were submitted as the
basis for the negotiations. These were
finally reduced to two and eventually
TO the one which was adopted finally,
although this draft was actually
amended to comply with suggestions
proposed by Ambassador Shidehara.
The actual work of writing the
amendment was performed by Secre-
tary Hughes and Mr.. Balfour Before
this was done and while the unper-
fected draft was under discussion
Baron Shidehara--according TO British
information-aslSed IL the terms of the
treaty embraced the mainland of
Japan. 1t is agreed that there was a
protracted discussion on this point,
and the consensus was that the home
land OF Japan was included in the pro-
visions OF the treaty.
Hawaii and japan on Same Basis.
II is understood the American posi-
tion on this point was one of indiffer-
ence so long as the Hawaiian Islands
were treated on the same basis as the
homeland Islands Of Japan. There is
further reliable information that Am
bassador Shidehara expressed the
opinion that the homeland Of Japan
should be excluded from the pro-
visions OF the treaty.
The spolkesmen for the British dele
sntes In discussing this incident quoted
Mr.. Balfour as protesting against the
exclusion of Japan on the ground tha,
such course would prove embarrass.
ing 10 the British Empire because Il
would leave Australia (politicallS
classified as a sovereignty out Of tn,
terms OF the treaty. The head of tn,
British delegates is represented as