davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

Seldom does this new method fail
to break" the criminal, and often
1t has had the effect of wringing a
confession of guilt from an inno-
cent person.
And it is simple, consisting Of
nothing more than persistent ques-
tioning by detectives and the de-
privation of the normal amount of
food and tobacco, and other things
of life that the suspect has been
accustomed to. The purpose is to
trap the suspect in a series of lies.
to make him change his stories time
after time, and to finally force him
by the persistent accusation that he
or she lies to tell the truth about
"the murder" or robbery" or what
ever he may be in custody for.
IAN innocent man has no fear Of
the boring-in method" Inspector
Clifford L. Grant. chief Of detectives,
said. eff he has. there is no rea-
son fop him being disturbed.
1--WE will run out his story and II
It be true. he will be released" Grant
said. HE may lie. II he does.
then we win bore-in on him until he
tells the truth"
But" 1t was suggested, "many
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

private capital, and lay the founda-
ton for an Industrial revolution
through the use of cheap hydro.
electric current.
He says he doesn't know any,
thing about extracting nitrates from
the air and doesn't propose to 20
into that business. He admits.
however, that he has studied the
potash situation and asserts that
he will turn his attention to pro-
ducing potash from some kind of
natural deposit, of which there are
many.
He doesn't say, however, that he
has found the very best and most
economical natural deposit in the
wOrld-that he has known about Il
all the time, and that IL is the fact
Of knowing about IL that Influenced
him In making his bid to the Gov.
eminent.
Tho source of Mr.. Ford's potash
will be alunite, found only in a pure
state In the Tushar mountain range
Of Utah, near Marysville.
The surprise that he will have
for the Potash trust of Germany,
which has had a practical monopoly
Of the fertilizer potash business f,r
years, will send the cold shivers
down spines Of its respective mem
bers. He will also have an I'm
pleasant surprise for the French
owners Of the Alsace potash mines.
just beginning to get into a posi-
ton where they can export a por-
ton of their product.
ALUNITE'S PROPERTIES.
There have been many potash
plants established In this country
since the war began in order TO ill
the lack in the German import, ana
a knowledge OF what Ford proposes
20 do in aluritc viii, cause them
much unensiness, to say he leas
8ut the "arato-natl.r e u
mcn wiz 20 Mid wncu u,H5ar =
with that uf tie American and u,Eer
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

who woke up to the fact that there
might be something of value in the
rock his employers were wasting.
The pink spar was taken to a chem
list. The chemist knew what alunite
was. but all the alunite he had ever
seen before was so contaminated
with impurities that 1t was practi-
cally valueless. In Larson's sample
he found the pure article hitherto
known in theory only. As soon as
Ford learned about 1t and what IL
meant to the three industries named
and lot Of other parallel indus
tries, he lost no time in getting as
close to It as he could.
There are but two owners of the
Mount Edna pure alunite deposits
the Armour Fertilizer Company
through a subsidiary. 80 Mineral
Products Company; and the Florence
Mining and Milling Company OF
Philadelphia. The latter company is
responsible for finding the alunite
and controls nine-tentns or the min
eralized mountain. Both OF these
companies were active during the
war in making potash. They had
not yet learned how to conserve the
aluminium and the sulphuric acid
n by-products. Now they both know
bo,y and 40 does Ford
There Is impure alunite in other
,,ortions of the rushar mountains
but as the lava flowed away from
the erupting Edna IT became con
taminated with other things. Many
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

an innocent man is picked up by de-
tectives as a suspect for crime
who hesitates to give his correct
name, address and business. He fears
the harm that would ensue II 1t be
known he was arrested as suspect
ed criminal, or murderer"
Protect Innocent.
THAT may be true" replied Grant.
"but we always aim to protect the
innocent. II we find their story
rings true they are speedily re-
leased"
On the other hand, Grant declares.
he has no pity for the criminal
who he and his detectives have
every reason to believe is guilty
and who refuses to tell the truth
to confess to the crime he Is sus-
pected Of.
No clearer Illustration Of the
boring-in process practiced by not
only the Washington police. but by
those Of other cities. is that OF z. s.
Wan. the young Chinese student
now on the brink of the gallows for
the Staying of DR.. Theodore T. Wong,
director of the Chinese Educational
Mission, and his two assistants, c.
II. Hsie and Ben Sen WI.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

Moreover, he threw such a bomb
shell into the political camp at
Washington by the mere avowal Of
interest in the property that poll
ticians and Interests have not yet
recovered from the shock. what
has Ford up his sleeve?" they all
inquired.
The Muscle Shoals plant was built,
or rather partly completed, to ex-
tract nitrates from the air. Ford is
willing to pay the Government
81, O00, 900 cash and an annual rental
for ninety-nine years of $1,500,00o
provided the Gov~rnment will fin
ish the partly completed Wilson
dam. The Muscle Shoals develop
ment would be almost useless to
Ford or anyone else without the
dam. and the engineers of the Gov
eminent estimate the cost will be
between $40, 000,oo0 and s25, 200. 900.
Ford's engineers do not agree.
Their top figure - about SIS 900, 900,
and here is where Ford and Secre-
tary Weeks began to fall apart.
Ford is pretty likely to be right, and
Mr.. Weeks knows 1t. 30 he has dis
patched Thomas Edison. Mr.. Ford.
the Government engineers and the
Ford engineers down to Alabama
and has told them to settle 1t be-
tween themselves.
WHY FORD MADE OFFER.
They are now there trying to set
It, and II they succeed, and II the
Wilson dam is finished and the plant
put in operation something big 10
going to happen In Alabama, be-
cause Ford does big things and is
not buying that property just to
play with.
Mr.. Ford has never told exactly
what he has in mind at Muscle
Shoals. He says he does not intend
to use II to amass another large for.
tutne, but WANTS to demonstrate how
the Government can develop water
powers everywhere, keep them from
the monopoly and exploitation OF
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

of the large Utah mining companies
have experimental with the impure
alunite and have failed to produce
good results. II cost too much to
remove the impurities.
BIG BUSINESS A BARRIER.
They all look with envy on the
only two properties where the pure
article is found; and the owners OF
these properties-and Ford-are 60
ing to devote their energies to max
ing a lot OF people who have had
things all their own way in certain
Industries for a long time, sit up
and take notice.
Until Henry Ford appeared upon
the scene and showed an interest in
Muscle Shoals. that plant. upon
which the Government had spent
an enormous sum Of money. was In
. fair way of being scrapped. Tho
sundry Civil appropriation bill OF
the last Congress contained an item
Of $4,000, 900 for the completion Of
the Wilson dam. Before the bill was
passed. however. this item was
stricken out.
It was understood at that time in
inner circles that big business in
terests did not want the Government
dam completed nor the plant put in
operation in the manufacture of fer
tilizer and other things in compe-
tition with them, and so were able
to block the plan and have the APP
preparation removed from the bill.
Whether or not the same interests
will be strong enough to block the
present Ford deal remains to be
seen.
Big business does not like Mr..
Ford. Last summer, when his name
first came up in connection with
Muscle Shoals, representatives. of
fertilizer, steel, explosive and other
interests got together and decided
they did not want him in that
game. They said 1t would be tanta-
mount to an experiment in society
COHlIOi 10 turn tndl pant over 10
him.
Southern manufacturers said they
didn't want Ford's scale of wages
introduced into their territory. Fer
tilizer manufacturers were peeved
at the idea of his entering their bust
ness in competition because they
knew that even with his high wage
schedules, he could beat them out.
JEALOUSY OF RIVALS.
The aluminium manufacturers
were also much disturbed. 1t re-
quires large amounts of cheap pow
er to make aluminium production
successful, and they could readily
see that Ford would have the better
OF them with the cheap Tennessee
river power.
It Ia no surprise to the German
fertilizer people nor 10 the American
manu- .acturers OF uutash that Ford
proposes 10 so into the potash max.
ing business at Muscle Shoals. 1t Is
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
RIGHT OF SANCTUARY
WORRIED OLD LONDON

Although standing within thescity
walls, the college WAS a liberty by
itself, greatly to the concern of the
mayor and corporation. Criminals
on their way from Newgate 20
Tower Hill used often to make n
last dash from their gaolers through
the gate of st. Martins, and once
inside they were almost sure OF
safety.
Thus. in 1912, a soldier on his
way from Newgate to the Guildhall
was dragged by five of his fellows,
who rushed out of Panyer alley. In
at the west door of the sanctuary;
but that same day the two sheriffs
came and took the five men from
the sanctuary, and led them fettereA
TO the Compter, and then chained By
the necks TO Newgate.
The dean and chapter of st. Mar
tins. furious at this, complained toe
the King, who, after hearing the
city. who denied the right Of sanQk
.uary to the college. returned the
five soldiers to heir former retreat.
4 BE- x over 100 wars ago the ex-
oya ,ns were 'ist tDr the general
30 and au eaI.y imgl 81 crypt
.sults o. 81 II carrier foun-
uatlun we're discovered.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
SUSPECT
WEARIED
BY TALK
The Police Simply Ask
Him Question After
Question, Which
Will Break Down
ObStinacy.

wanted for something else and for
this reason desires to hide his iden-
tity.
ALIBI WEAK POINT.
But 1t IL the running out of these
alibis that. as a rule, result in the
suspects conviction after making
a confession. He may deny the con.
fession on the witness stand. His
lawyers may attack the confession.
saying it was obtained under duress.
the third degree. But the detectives
usually have built UP a case of cir
cumstantial evidence which cannot
easily be battered down by clever
criminal lawyers paid to get the
thief off.
mo, we don't obtain confessions
under duress." cotinued Grant. I'VE
simply bore in on our suspects. We
get better results. You can be kind
or rough in speech. It all depends
on the man you are confronted
with"
Most Of the judges who have re
Gently sat in tho criminal divisions
Of the District Supreme Court have
voiced their strong opposition to the
third degree, that part Of 1t which
nets the detectives . confession. Sci
dom will they admit . signed con
fession unless they are firmly con
WINGED 1t was voluntarily made.
What may be construed ''volun-
tarily made" may b . confession
obtained through the ''boring-in"
method-the trapping Of the sus-
pect or criminal In . series Of lies
and then prodding him hour after
hour with the fact that he did not
tell the truth, and confronting him
with evidence gathered by detec-
tives during the period Of question
ing.
Judges have not yet ruled on
confessions obtained through the
boring In" system. They soon
may have to.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

Now you have the whole story Of
what Ford has "up his sleeve" why
he wants Muscle Shoals. He wants
all kinds Of aluminium in the manu-
facture of his "flivvers," and here
he can get IL Mt practically no cost,
because he will already have taken
the potash and the sulphuric acid
out of the alunite and will have
sold the former to the farmers at a
fair price to fertilize their lands,
and will have disposed of the sui
phuric acid presumably at a profit.
SO why not aluminium at no costr
Alunite Ia q pinkish rock of vol
there was an active volcano in the
Tushar mountains-Mount Edna. 1t
has been 20 many centuries since II
has erupted that the crater Is barely
noticeable. In ancient times the
chief occupation of Edna seemed to
be the emission of liquid alunite.
lava now acknowledgements of feet
in thickness.
MINERS DISCOVERY.
A group of Philadelphia capitalists
were exploring the Tushar noun
tains for gold. They tunneled and
cut and sloped through enormous
masses of the pink spar and threw
il out on the dump. They didn't
know what it was. They were gold
.a'ncIs and not Interested in any.
hing else.
1t was an old miner, Ole Larson.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

make II given a chance.
They do not know that he is rely.
ing upon the hitherto unknown
alunite to supply the feed" for MS
mills at Muscle Shoals. When they
do. will their efforts be strong
enough to block the deal that seems
imminent? Secretary Weeks ap.
pears to be receptive as Ia evidenced
by his sending Ford and Edison on
trip to inspect the property and
come to terms.
It is safe to say that once Mr.
Ford gets into action at that plant
with his alunite Fordney will have
to revise that portion Of his tariff
bill which refers to potash, alum
mum and sulphuric acid. These
commodities might then just as well
be placed on the free list. for no for
eigner will be able to touch the
three-in-one prices.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

no surprise that he intends to manu-
facture aluminium there. The Du
Points. the American Cyanide Com
pany, the Aluminium Company of
America, the American Smelling and
Refining Company and others
largely interested In the manufac-
ture Of these products know this
well enough.
The statement frequently has
been made that Ford intends to do
these things. and he has not denied
it They know nothing, however,
OF what Ford has ''up his sleeve in
alunite. although they all know
alunite and its wonderful qualities
perfectly well. They only know that
they dod not want him messing into
their business in any way, even
under the old and moro familiar
processes OF manufacturing the
things which Ford admits he will
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
Who was convicted of the
murder of a boy and who
succumbed to "borring-in."

murder of a boy and who
succumbed to "borring- in"
in his office not to maltreat in phys
ical form any prisoner.
1t is not unusual for a suspect to
be questioned for days at Police
Headquarters by Inspector Grant
and detectives. It's the regular
thing when the suspect refuses to
talk, or who lies as to his name,
address, occupation and movements
at time when crime. a burglary
or some other felony is committed.
you would scarcely expect q
robber, when arrested. to tell us
right off the bat that he is guilty,
would your" asked Grant.
"well. they don't. We question
the suspect. We ask him about him
self. We take his fingerprints and
his photograph. Then we search
our cabinets and galleries. II he is
a good crook. Wen soon find out
But in the meantime we are running
out his alibi-all good crooks have
alibis. and most of them have men
of their same standard who will
swear they were In New York, Bos-
ton, Baltimore or some other city
when a crime is committed.
Finding the alibi q failure. we
us. II he was honest he would have
told US the truth and our trouble
with him would be over. But when
he lied we know that IL he did not do
the job we are holding him for. he Is
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
George B. Emerson,
Alias Boston Frank
pennyweighter, who broke
down under "borring-in"

Following his arrest as a suspect
in the triple tragedy. Wan was
brought to Washington from New
York and lodged In a room at the
Dewey Hotel. For week he was
confined in the room, a uniformed
policeman sitting beside him every
hour in the twenty-four. He sat
there whether Wan was asleep or
awake. There were three Of them.
alternating every eight hours.
They were told to continually
question Wan regarding the staying
Of the members of the mission and
on other subjects. to be on the alert
for a slip Of the tongue which might
prove of invaluable use in break
ing down" the Celestial's stole
protestations Of innocence. Detec-
tives also were in and out Of the
room at all hours of the day and
night. But little sleeping did Wan
get while he was confined in that
room, and he was seldom left to
think for himself Constantly he
was questioned by Inspector Grant,
the late Major Raymond w. Pull
man. who was superintendent Of
police. and a score of detectives.
1t was this persistent questioning.
1t was this constant boring into the
Celestial. not with an awl, but by
word Of mouth, that helped get him
to make discriminating admissions
which later resulted in his being
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

Rich Deposits of Munite Abound i'm Such DeriVa-
tiVeS as Potash, Sulphuric Acid and Aluminium,
the Former Two Salable as By-ProductS, and
the Last Virtually Costing Him Nothing as a
Result.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
BY RICHARD q. TINGLEY.

THERE is no doubt that Henry Ford wants to buy the
Muscle Shoals property of the Government. He has
offered money for it than any bidder but that
does not necessarily that he will get it. Mr. Ford is
quick mover he makes up his mind but the Gov
eminent is proverbially slow.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
ON WHY HENRY FORD WANTS MUSCLE SHOALS

Aluminium to Be Yielded i'm Process of Working
Ore Would BE Useful I'm Building His Cars.
Potash and Aluminium Interests Alarmed by
Peril to Monopolies, Attack His Project to Turn
Vast Energy to Production.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25
NEW PROCESS USED
HERE. TO GET TRUTH
FROM SLY CRIMINALS

Persistent Questioning and Deprivation of Food
and Tobacco Seldom Fails to Trap the Suspect
In Series of Lies and FINALLY Force Him or Her
TO Reveal What is KNOWN of Crime Which
Brought About Arrest.
ID tves on criminals others suspected of crime who
vigorously insist maintaining their innocence.
The "borng i'm treatment is just the opposite to the
silent treatment may not be narrowing and brutal
as the oldtme third degree when buldozing detective
pummeed and kicked about suspect in his set determine
ton to obtain a confession of guilt.
No. the 'boring in treatment is of these 1t does
not leave bruises the body of the suspect from any
brutal physical treatment, but it does leave him her
nervous wreck with fagged-out brain and quite empty
stomach,
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-12-25

wanted for something else and for
this reason desires to hide his iden.
tity.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-06-19
IL EDITORIALS AND COMMENT

European galleries as well as American. and he is
an associate OF the National Academy OF Design,
OF another. the youngest generation OF this family
Miss Sadie Mossell Is the first Of her to win
the degree OF doctor of philosophy, just awarded to
her by the University Of Pennsylvania.
Her father Is graduate Of that university and
uncle her fathers brother. is a physician having
been graduated from a Philadelphia school of
medicine There have been many others Of the race
who have shown unusual scholarly ability without
losing their mental moral balance. And yet
Booker T.. Washington was right and as whole
the education and training of the negro should be
in hand voeations, in the broad field Of manual
production.
The exceptions will find their place and oppor-
tpnity But for the MAS. every school system
should be planned for them to this end of develop
ing their productive value They should be. encour-
aged to agriculture and the crafts, and away from
the professions. They should be developed in earn
ing power and in that moral stability and integrity
upon which all civilization rests The negro has
place. In the end he must make it for himself, but
before this he should be guided to be producing
unit. That way lies his usual talent In that field
he has the greatest value for himself and can
soonest win that further advancement which It is
his to gain.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-06-19
Credit Where Due.
A CORRESPONDENT asks The

A CORRESPONDENT asks The Herald why
~ we gave "all the credit for the plan for aid
ing the farmers to Hoover and Wallace and not to
Barueh the originator of the plan" The question is
fair and the answer is easy. The only credit given
Secretaries Wallace and Hoover was for putting
the plan to make grain warehousing eerthcates
bankable, into effect not for originating it.
As a fact neither they nor Mr.. Barueh originated
il. Fully six months ago Julius H. Barnes urged
it before the Agricultural Committee oil the former
Congress But for years 1t has been in operason
in the State Of Minnesota, imperfecty in Iowa and
probably to some extent in other States 1t is de-
c;dedly older than the interest Of Mr.. Baruch
The Herald had no purpose OF giving exclusive
credit to any one not deserving it. We are en-
tireIy willing to include Mr.. Barnes, Mr.. Baruch,
Minnesota, Iowa and no doubt thousands OF in
diyiduals Nor do these men, any OF them Mr..
Baruch included care who gets the credit, so long
as the farmers get the relief But up to date Sec
retares Wallace and Hoover are the only Federal
officials who have undertaken to put the plan
across They must have lot OF help and VIII
get it.