davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1921-07-18
Will Reopen Shops

Oelwein, Ia, July 1.-THE loco
motive department of the Great
Western shops will open Monday
after two months idleness, employ
ing several hundred men
Omaha daily bee., 1921-07-18

Not a single branch of production
in Russia exceeds one-fourth of the
1913 figures, which Is taken as Rus
sia's last rGmal year.
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

enemy battleships were added So
his troubles.
Consider the difference in effec-
tlveness Of a sixteen-inch gun mount
ed on shore as compared with bomb
ing planes against a fleet. The gun
costs $500,000. 1t fires a shell
weighing ton with a small burst
ing charge of high explosive. The
chances of hitting moving ship at
ten to twenty miles are rather small,
whereas ten bombing planes, each
costing $4,000, could carry ten l.
O0O-pound bombs to distance of
fifty miles off shore, return for a
new supply and make second at
tack in about one hour! In other
words, as distinguished army Of
ticer declares, neither coast de-
fensc guns nor q defending feet Of
battlcships need fire a gun in re-
peillng the attack of a foreign fleet
if we have a properly organized air
force"
1t is safe to declare that a battle
fleet will never again approach a
coast that is protected by subma-
rines, destroyers, bombing planes
and torpedo planes. Battle fleets
did not attack shore defenses in the
World War except at the Darda-
nelles. They we're not successful
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

fleet by bombing planes would best
succeed at night, at dusk, or Just
before dawn. A fleet under steam
at sea, composed of battleships 600
feet long at intervals of 1900 feet,
either in single column or in several
parallel columns, presents big and
vulnerable horizontal target to at
tack from the air.
For instance, four battleships in
column-one following directly be-
hind the others--will cover "a total
distance Of 6,90O feet. The hori-
zontal deck space Of the four ships
would cover a total length Of 2,4OO
feet, about one-third of the total
length of the column.
Suppose f1otilla Of many bomb
ing planes attacks either from
ahead or from astern, flying directly
over and lengthwise the column of
ships. In this case the lateral err
ror in dropping bombs would be
small, and as the vulnerable deck
surface would be about one-third the
length Of this column the chances
OF hitting some ship in the column.
though not perhaps the one aimed
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23
By Quarterback
TINE seven pictures on this page
suffice to show the destruc-

TINE seven pictures on this page
suffice to show the destruc-
tive effect of bomb not only
on the upper works Of a battleship.
but upon the lower decks as we'll.
In this case the target was the
old battleship Indiana, formerly
commanded by Captain II. C. Tay-
lor, U. S. N, when she fought in
Sampson's feet at the Battle Of
Santiago.
The bomb, containing 900 pounds
Of INT, was laid on the deck
near the forward eight-inch turret
on the port side Of the ship. The
upper boat deck was blown off.
the second and third decks were
wrecked fore and aft and the ex-
plosion penetrated downward to the
fourth deck.
There can be no doubt that the
forward magazine would have blown
up had the ship been in action at
the time, thus completely DESTROYING
the ship. But in any event study
Of these pictures will demonstrate
that the personnel involved in
handling the ship and in manninp
the forward battery Of the Indi-
ana would have been placed hors
de- combat.
Worse If Dropped From Plane
1t must be remembered that this
bomb was simply laid on the deck
and exploded. Manifestly the down.
ward effect Of the explosive would
have been much greater and the
navoc moro widespread had the
same bomb been dropped or pro-
1ecsed from an airplane a few hun
dred feet high flying at a speed Of
moro than hundred miles an hour
Even admitting that the falling
velocity Of the bomb would not have
caused 1t to penetrate ono or mora
decks, and, with a delayed-action fuse
postponed the explosion Of the
charge until it reached the second
oT third deck, it is well known
that tho downward impulse of the
charge would, nevertheless, have
oesn s(eatly increased.
In noting the terrific effect Of this
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23
The Torpedo Plane

In discussing an air attack upon a
fleet we must not forget the torpedo
plane. This weapon may, and in
fact should, always ba used in con-
junction with an attack by bomb
ing planes. Imagine force of fifty
torpedo planes swooping down we'll
ahead and on one or both bows Of
a fleet and discharging as many
torpedoes at the ships. Thus the
fleet would be attacked from above
rs we'll as from under water by
enemies that could not we'll be fought
off by gunfire at night. And if to
this were added an attack by SUBJ
marines and destroyers, the admiral
in command would have very un-
comfortable job on hand even II no
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

vention is by no means difficult. and
by such means the fleet, in addition
to rain of bombs from above, may
lind itself surrounded by barrage
of mines laid in several lines across
its track by airplanes. In fact, some
of the attacking airplanes might be
assigned the duty Of bombing and
others to mine-laying.
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23
Discussion Demanded

This article is not sensational. It
is fair statement concerning the
uses Of bombing and torpedo planes
in naval warfare, with brief refer
ence to the supporting value Of sub.
marines and mines in the attack
upon a feet.
The Navy Department, for rea-
sons best known to itself, has not
published the result of the Indians
experiment, nor has it invited or
, encouraged free and thorough dis
cussion as to the effect Of new weap-
ons upon naval warfare by officers
of the navy who are best qualiteo
by their recognized ability, study
and experience to give intelligent
opinions on the subject.
The Navy Department is forcing
to the front the building program
Of 1916-a plan five years old
without giving due consideration to
the present and the future. 1t SEEM
ingly ignores, or fails to reot'se-
that q modern fleet must operate
upon three planes instead Of one
on the surface, belotc the surface ana
above the surface of the sea.
In fact, we may say that the Navy
department does not exhibit prop
er understanding of one-plane
fleet, not to say a three-plane fiee1'
We find our surface fleet divided
not concentrated for war. We nnc
old and useless ships in comn'ls-
sion and an insane proposition 70
add to the number Of such sanpsd'-
ments to the feet ,chie scores o.
modern destroyers are ,7tstin9 a
:,avy yards for scdnt of men to ma"
esasne!
Rear Admiral Goodrich, in Tne
North American Review. has de-
clared thS. uas many is csrned oF
the country and the people; thof 9
is not owned BY imdividuals na0
should not be controlled by them "
manner that imperils the natso"
It is time that Congress, which rep,
resents the people, should take 1a'
cognizance of present conditions 'h
the navy and safeguard the hee'
and the nation against disastrous
policies that are forced upon us WIN
no intelligent discussion or ccpsso-
Grafton. -
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

at, would be very good. Would an
admiral view such an air attack with
Indifference?
1t was demonstrated on the battle
front in France that a tremendous
expenditure of ammunition by anti
aircraft guns was necessary to bring
down an airplane. The loss of air.
planes from such fire was said to
have been only one-tenth of l per
cent! And yet these anti-aircraft
guns were mounted on land, not on n
moving ship! The use of search
lights by fleet betrays its position
and its formation. A bombing plane
lying at speed Of $50 miles an
hour at night is not easily hit, even
if it is seen.
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

TE bomb aoas placed aft of the forvard Sinch turret at
the point indicated by tie arroav
the lett Is u1eD Of the vessel andshps the first dec
being bloWn oaUdy
THE 77ght ve0 of the second dech looking torava,d
the X showing 1Uhere the bomb exploded
fE picture at the loror left hand shoas the third deck and
the Gn1n~mon host Had the ship been IN commission
the magazine probably aUould haze been exploded
AZ he 0Uer right hand IS shown the destruction avrooht
ON the fourth deck
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

explosion on the Indiana we must
not jump Immediately to the con-
clusion that all surface battleships
are useless. This experiment con-
clusively demonstrated that such
ships are lamentably weak against
heavy charge exploding on deck.
But they are also vulnerable against
hlgh-angle fire from big guns whose
shells, falling at long range upon
unarmored decks or penetrating
thin armor, may reach the. maya
zines and destroy the ship, as at the
Battle of Jutland. Before we assert
that the airplane' can sink a dread
nought we must be assured that 10
cos land its bomb on her deck; in
other words, can it reasonably ex-
pect to score a hit? The effect Of
this explosion might have been in
great measure predicted by an ex-
pert on explosives. We can, of course,
destroy our enemy If we can explode
his magazinel
Chances of Hitting
1t could be safely asserted that
nYa vx.{1oN r.t~x~~ >~..1s f-f,f
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23
A Barrage of Mines

Even If we admit that the chance
of scoring a direct hit by a bomb
from an airplane is very small we
must not forget that ingenuity may
provide a bomb which will explode
upon striking the deck of a ship and
which will act as mine, or depth
charge. in case 1t misses the ship
and lands in the watsr. Such an in
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23
Chances Of Hitting

1t could be safely asserted that
one prizehghter could kill another
i ne could hit him with full force.
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23
A Vulnerable Target

In considering this question Of
hitting from an airplane we must
in all fairness remember that the
chance of hitting a ship by gunfire
at distance Of from five to ten
miles was very small until Admiral
Nske's telescope sight and various
range-finding and scientific gunnery
control devices were invented. 1t is
by no means improbable that similar
methods will be adapted to airplane
attack. In many respects the prob
lem is easier, because, although
the speed Of tho airplanc is greater
the distance to it's target ia far less.
1t is evident that attacks uporA Ia
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

But can ne hit him? That is the
question.
The chance of hitting a ship with
bomb from an airplane has been
discussed more or less, but expert
ment alone can decide. There are
those who assert that good per-
centage Of hits may be expected.
The Navy Department should have
solved this problem long ago. Ex-
periments with dummy bombs would
suffice.
New-York tribune., 1921-01-23

there, and the campaign could not
have been undertaken at all if the
Turks had been supplied with an
air force, not to speak of submarines
and torpedoes.
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
WAS CENTER OF INTEREST

While l was a student in college think amused the largest number of people 1t was ever my fortune to en- tertain at one and the same time. know l came nearer to wishing to van- ish off the face of the earth at that moment than ever before or since.
 The morning schedule in this college consisted of four periods for recita. tons with five minute periods of inter- mission between classes. All classes were dismissed and summoned from and to classrooms at the same time by a small bell operated exactly like the ordinary doorbell This bell was in- stalled in the entrance hall of the building-where most of the students congregated during intermissions.
 For the convenience of the students a telephone was likewise placed in this hall. One morning the usual crowd of students was gathered in the hall, waiting for the signal to call them back into classes. When 1t came, mis- taking 1t for telephone call, T hastily picked up the receiver and called Hello" No answer-so I repeated my Hello" louder.
 By this time I had the attention, of most of the students-they stopped their chattering and were intent on watching me wake up. It was a rude awakening.-Exchange.
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30

There were 1,300,000 sheep in Ari- zona on January 1, 1920. This is 100, 900 less than the estimate for the pre- ceding year, and 32,000,000 less than that on January 1, 1917. Whether or not these government figures are cor rect may never be definitely known. The fact remains that the number of sheep in the state has reached the high peak and is now decreasing an- nually. This is patent to all who have observed the situation closely for the last decade. Of the estimated num- Der within the state about 500,OOO are owned by the Navajo Indians.
 Causes extending back through many years are accountable for this decline in Arizona's sheep census. Chief among these are the passing of the open range; the overgrazed con- dition of the pastures; the restrictions imposed by the forest service on tho use of the grazing allotments and driveways on the national forests; the settings aside by the government of large areas for Indian reservations or for other purposes, from which sheep are excluded for the most part; the hostility of settlers and owners of other classes of live stock to the sheep industry; the sapid spread of poison ous plants and other weeds and woody growths unsuited to grazing; the dew astation of the ranges by rodent pests; and, by no means the least, the com ing of the "nestor," who has preempt- ed thousands of acres of land that has no value for farming purposes, and which he cannot use to adyantape for grazing.
 A timely ending has been the fate of the old system in vogue a few years ago when sheep could be raised and marketed in large numbers on the public domain. The intinerant pastor alist who could graze his fiocks during the lambing season in the sub-tropic- al deserts in the southern part of the
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
THE SHEEP INDUSTRY AS
 VIEWED BY AN EXPERT

state in February and March, trail
 northward to the lush valleys in the
 timbered sections as the season ad-
 vanced, and ship his fat lambs and
 sheep to market from Flagstaff, Wins
 low or Holbrook in the summer and
 fall, returning again south as winter
 came on, without owning an acre of
 land to his name, has had his day, and
 is now only memory. Let there be thanks for his passing. There were
 but few who did him reverence. The nomadic herdsman brought about his own ending, and at the same time inn posed hardships and restrictions on the reputable grower of wool and nut ton, which condition time has not ov- ercome. bue to lack of judici0us graz ing restrictions, the ranges in Ari- zona have been stocked greatly beyond their respective capacities. In and out of season sheep by the hundreds and thousands have been crowded on lands where half their number would have been too many. As a result, great areas have been denuded of their most valuable forage growth. Generally speaking, the injury, if not irrepar- able, is so great that years of care ful management will be required to restore these lands to their former state of efflorescence.
 It has been conservatively estimated by practical stockmen and others who have investigated the conditions at first hand scientifically, that the nor nal grazing capacities of the lands in many cases have been impaired, through overstocking, 25 to 50 per cent, as compared with their original productiveness. This means that they are supporting the same percentage less sheep and will support fewer and fewer as the lands continue to de- cline. There are those who maintain that these figures do not nearly cover the injury that has been done. How ever great the damage is, the fact re-
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
NEEDED COURSE IN WISDOM

Instruction of the young by the old was not out of date when ''The Wisdom Books" were written, according 10 Dr. Josiah H. Penniman, acting provost of the University of Pennsylvania.
 "The people who wrote the Bible were very human," declared Doctor Penniman, and he illustrated this with many passages from the Scriptures.
 "The book of wisdom told the people what to do, and most of the people needed it." Doctor Penniman said. "There were just as many wise as fool ish virgins-and probably the average has been maintained"
 Among Doctor Penniman's other say. ings were the following:
 'They offered money to Job when they knew he did not need 1t"
 Be sure your sin will find you out" he quoted, and then added, You know perfectly well lot of your sins will find you out"
 "The tongue has always been one of the greatest mischief makers, as wit ness where there is no whisperer con- tention ceases.'"
 "I need not explain he that wInketh with the eye findeth sorrow"
 Sob stuff was apparently used in olden days. for Delilah said to Samson, Thou hast tcld riddle unto thy neigh. bOrs, but not unto me-"
 "'What does he get for itT was ask ed of Job as il is today of those who get into the public view"
 Doctor Penniman declared Job was the most artistic of the Wisdom books, and in some respects of all the books of the Bible.
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30

Wherever he turns he finds that every suitable grazing tract is turned to ac- count in some way or another. With 22,O00,000 acres-one-fourth of the state-given over to Indian reserva- tions, dozen in number, where, in one instance, only sheep owned by whites, in limited number, are per mitted to graze; with 12,0OO,OOO acres-one-fifth of the state-set aside in national forests, where the grazing of sheep is either restricted or prohibited altogether; with another one-flfth of the lands owned privately, largely by cattle interests; and with about 30,000,000 acres of unsuryeyed. unreserved and unappropriated public land within the state which has been used for pasturage for many years by all classes of live stock, and now badly overgrazed, there remains not an acre toward which the man owning a flock of sheep can turn for relief.
 Viewed in the light of the foregoing facts, the sheep industry in Arizona would seem to be in bad way. That the number of sheep in the state is decreasing and will continue to de- crease, unless there is some system of readjustment inaugurated forth with, none can. deny. That many sheep owners under present conditions will be forced out of the running or be compelled materially to reduce the size of their holdings is certain. Only those who have had the foresight to see the trend of circumstances and secure range lands whose tenure is not affected by every adverse wind that blows will be able to continue in the business.
 With one bureau of the federal de- partment of agriculture sponsoring designed to increase sheep production in the United States, and thereby aid in reducing the high cost of living. and another bureau cutting down the number of sheep permitted on the choicest grazing lands-the na- tional forests-sheepmen find them selves between the horns of a dilemma that would be ludicrous were it not fraught with so much that is vital to a great industry; one highly essential to the economic welfare of the nation. Considered in its various aspects, are not the conditions that prevail in Ari- zona typical of those in all the eleven Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast states, where 25,000,000 sheep are than one-half of the number in the United States ?-Bert Hasket, Coconino county, Arizona. From Breeders Gazette for July 21, 1921.
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
CHANGE OF A LIFETIME.

The occupants of the parlor car of the Limited were startled by the abrupt entrance of two masked ban dits.
 "T'row up yer hands," commanded the bigger of the two. "We're gonna rob all the gents and kiss all the gals"
 "No, pardner," demonstrated the smaller one gallantly. "We1l rob the gents but we'll leave the ladies alone. !"
 "Mind your own business, young fellow" snapped female passenger of uncertain age. "The big mans rob ping this train"
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
GETTING BACK.

"To think that acting should ever come to thisw
 "To what?"
 "Just now heard moving picture star refer to the stage as the speak ies."
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
A SIMILAR SENSATION.

"Did I step on your foot?" asked the big, fat man as he squeezed into a seat beside the gaudily dressed young woman at the movie theatre.
 "It was either you or an elephant" replied his victim.
The Coconino sun., 1921-09-30
TEMPTED TO CUSS.

Clegyman-T brought back the second hand car I bought from you last week. It is too obstreperous."
 Dealer-"What's wrong? Can't you run it.?
 Clergyman-"Not and stay in the ministry"
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-07-13
ASPIRIN
Name "Bayer" on Genuine

Beware. Unless YOU see the name
'Haycr on package or on tablets YOU
are not getting genuine Aspirin, pre-
scribcd by physicians for twenty-one
years and proved safe By millions.
Take Aspirin only as told in the
Bayer package for colds, headache,
neuralgia, rheumatism earache,
toothache, lumbago and for pain.
liandy TN boxes OF twelve Bayer Tab
lets or Aspirin cost few cents. Drug
gists also sell larger packages. Aspi-
rim Is the trade mark of Bayer Manu-
factnrc Of Monoaccticacidestc OF
Salicylicacid. adv.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-07-13

deep regret by many in Walhalld
where Mr.. Thompson was well known
and beloved, he being a son Of the
deceased having on several occa-
sions visited here with her husband.
She was a woman Of charming per-
sonality and Christian graces, and
her sudden taking away is great
bereavement to her family and her
acquaintanccs. Tho Courier joins
with others in extending sympathy
to the bereayed ones.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-07-13

Old Certificate Of Shares of Bank
Stock Found.

New York, July S.-A scrap Of pa
per that for f'vc generations has re-
posed between the covers uf faded
copy Of Spencer "FQirie Qnecne"
may mean wealth and luxury 20 AL
fred WutEiUs Seymour, keeper OF
small restaurant in Seattle, Wash.
The paper is a certificate Of G7
shares Of stock in the Mechanics
Bank, left by Thomas Williams, who
died in New York in 1922. Its sactual
value, together with accrued inter-
est. is declared to amount to half a
million dollars. The certificate had
dropped out Of sight, but was dis
covered by a genealogist who was
going through a library in the house
hold Of a family in Troy, \. Y, where
Seymour had had a sister and an
aunt. Seymour has established, it is
asserted, that Williams was his grea t
grandfather and that he is now sole
heir to lis property. His claim has
been substantiated in several courts,
but a legal battle is still in progress.
The bank, now known, by virtu e
Of various mergers, as the Mocha MICS
and Metals National Bank, maintains
that it has no record of the issue OF
stock and pleaded the statute of lin
itations. Supreme Court Justice
Wagner recently ruled against this
plea. but attorneys for the bank de-
clared to-day they would carry the
case to higher courts.