davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
SHOOTS sIMPLTICATIONs.

most Delawareans know one trouble with the pres
"A ent income tax is that neither the average cu
zen nor the man skilled in law can be certain tha MS IN
terpretaton Of The law is correct The old assumption
that every one knows the law and the principle mat ls
norance OF the law excuses one" fail utterly when e
provisions OF the statute drawn that not even he
officers Of the government accurately and definitely
apply the law 10 an ordinary state OF facts.
Yet that is exactly the situation presented by the IN
come tax laws today Scarcely any two oncials OF he
Income Tax Bureau Of the government given separately
the facts regardng the business affairs OF concern Of
average complexi,y would arrive at the same results II
asked to figure out the net income and the tax due there
on This is common knowledge TO people who have had
occasion to submit their income tax statements TO more
than government official.
An equally obnoxious and unjust feature Of this uncer-
ianty that policy Of enforcement under which govern
officials always resolve every doubt against th' tax
payer II there be any uncertainty to the liability OF
the taxpayer the government official who nrst passes
upon the matter gives the government the benefit Of ne
doubt and forces he taxpayer TO employ counsel to de-
end interests Under such circumstances the citizen
pays double iax-nrst that which ne owes the govern
meni then that which he must pay his attorney for
protecting him from apparent injustice.
It is Just such situation this that has brought SEN
aior Smoot widespread support his effort to simplify
laws and make their application so direc
and 50 clear that the citizen may know the ex
tent Of his liability and be satisfied that he is paying
more than his just obligation TO the government Tn
present condition OF the income tax laws is ntoerablC
They invite evasion for every citizen feels that in orde
protect himself he must lake advantage Of every inter
probation he can make in his favor Furthermore
the uncertainty OF the law adds immensely to the cos
OF its administration, requiring the employment Of larg
numbers OF socaed experts TO advise citizens and speca
agents to search out instances Of evasion OF the
The task which Senator Smoo has undertaken is for
midable To rewriie the tax laws that they shal
be clear and simple in their provisions requires i'm
mense OF time and labor. 1t is not to be expecte
that the bill he has worked out will be perfect in ever
respect But II it shall be material improvement upoi
the present statute Senator smoot will deserve and vii
receive the gratitude Of la, american people
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
AN APPEAL TO THE NArIvE-BoRN.

WYE have received with pleasure first edition copy
w OF Lest We Forget" written by William Hay
Williamson and which has me endorsement OF President
Harding members OF his cabinet other prominent
Americans It is appeal to nativeborn Americans 10
pay higher respect American heroes historic events
institutions and principles. In the foreword Mr. William
son says
why should The foreigner regard our national heroes
in reverent light when he them used BY AMER-
CANS as patron saints for places that are sordd ana
criminal?
Why should he thrill at the mention Of great his
comes to his attention is for the purpose Of Advertising
anything from cocktails TO corscts?
"The reason the incoming foreigner clings 10 his own
old heroes traditions and beliefs is because no adequate
substitute is offered him here You may challenge ulat
statement but tell you that in some foreign nations
fairly proper concept OF our George Washington ana
Abraham Lincoln is taught in the public schools Yet me
foreign boy that concept coming here because OF
the aront offered their memory by our public care
lessness.
u have qucried people Of foreign birth and invariably
have been assured that the ghtness the dsrespect ue
almost contempt with which great heroes and events
arc held this country would not be tolerated in thelr
nations OF their own national heroes and events
What then, the mental processes of the children
OF these immgrans7 They born here, are citizens by
birth and eligible 10 the Presidency or me Oneu
states For the most mart they cling together in sections
AT least through the receptive period Of the second gener
alton. They go 10 school and in desultory way are
taught some American history They also see wat tey
see They learn that the political boss Of the ward Is
great and powerfi man. They that Washington ana
Lincoln whom they taught in school, to revere are
used with a gross familiarity that breeds contempt.
STNis disregard for great heroes, historic events
institutions and principles is confined to foreign
born population or their children IL IS oininp rsn 49,.
among the American people. DO you count ltF WHIT
proportion OF the American people know When Wnere
and under what circumstances The StarSpanged Banner
was written2 How many Know the anuem hNVIs
iGreek knows the story OF Thermopylae. HOW many
Americans know the story OF the American Thermopyae
tho Alamo? How many know when, where and why
paul Revere made his famous ride and Of its immediate
result-the battle or Lexington? During the past -FOUR
years many thousands OF Americans have discussed Ve
Nfonroe Doctrine How many know what It really Is,
when and how il promulgated? 49,
There are more genuine honorable thrills IN the ms
tory of he United States than in other national ms
tory There are almost endless stories of hard facts the
telling OF which, in dspassonaie way Is enousI
to quicken the heart and warm the blood oil any real
man."
Those arc sentiments which should make profound
appeal 10 all Delawareans and. incidentally, to all Amer-
cans.
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
BUILDER OF MEN AND WOMEN.

rVNaiE spiritual value material things has attracted
Il many young men into engineering and the combined
efforts OF these workers brought about the consruc
ton OF masterpieces Brooklyn Bridge the Panama
Canal the arplane and the wireless.
The artist and the philosopher view The completed work
Of the engineer and each places his Interpretation
on IT,
The artist delights in the proportions of the bridge in
the harmony line where the cuts its way through
the land ia the rhythm OF the flight OF The arplane-n
a the contributions that these structural achievements
OF man make 10 the beauty Of the world
The philosopher views the work from another angle.
As each great structure reared he in it another
link in The chain which binds all parts OF the earth to-
eeter As rivers spanned, are Joined, as
continents connected by and air the philosopher
sees the gradual evolution Of civilization.
The engineer however from the very beginning OF his
project has known both the JOY Of The artist and the in
Of the material and the spiritual that have given
engineering It's powerful call to youth
Teaching combines elements similar TO those OF ensi-
neerng Like the problems Of the engineer the problems
o. the teacher those OF measurement OF relations be-
tween different constructive Materials OF relations be-
things that exist experience and those
which exist only in thought
The structure which he must build is no less a reality
It's ultimate form than that which the engineer creates
or iron and stone And ike the engineer experiences
The Joy Of the artist and the OF the philosopher
Surrounded by the physical and spiritual beauty Of
chdhood iie teacher cannot help but vision each grow
ing individuality in its contribution 10 social progress
HIS BACKGROUND Is the whole field OF human relation
ship expressed In literature in history in sociology.
His materials The Instincts the emotions, the de-
sires. The thoughts Of the human mind
His structure is the Individual that viii bear his par
not only In ne community wherein be may be- but vii
himself build Tor the future the progress Of cyiliza
tion.
The teacher is a builder OF men,
His tools are methods based the principles Of physi
ology. Of biology, OF psychology.
And bearing mind those facts with respect to teach
ing would II not be well for bigheared bigbraned an,
ambitious young women in Delaware TO vie with one an
other in effort to win the ten twelve dupont ieaci
ers scholarships in the Womens College OF the Uniyer
si:y OF Delaware which open and awaiting claim
ants' Each OF those scholarships worth $50 year
two years. position Delaware teacher the
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
Wages and Unemployment
(From the Boston Transcript.

the employers. Manufacturers and
employers in general have been un-
able to hold the advantage that the
war imitation gave them. When times
were flush, they were glad to get
labor at labor's own price. Then the
bottom was knocked out of the inna-
tion. The result was the disappear
ance OF the demand-and the wheels
stopped. 1t is time they started
again, but they cannot start on
false, an inflated. basis. No Govern
ment commission. no unemployment
conference can set people at work
on an anti-economic foundation.
There must be concurrence all
around to achieve revival of busi-
ness. But Mr.. Gompers stresses the
idea of resistance. 1T is better" he
says in so many words. "to resist and
lose than not to resist at all, because
if you don't resist you encourage the
employer in the idea that you can't
and won't resist" A little more Of
this doctrine of resistance all around
will surely encourage the employer
in the idea that it is OF no use for
him to try to do anything. and the
ranks Of the unemployed will be still
] further recruited. That is the best
way in the world TO encourage the
shutdown and hopeelssly handicap
the revival
Concurrence is needed in this d.
Erection. But the labor unionists are
positively right in claiming that. II
they accept lower wages, they
should have lower food prices and
lower rents. There is as little eco
nomic excuse for war food prices as
there is for war wages. Here is a
field for Mr.. Hoover's organizing ac-
tivities which he should by no means
neglect. Food and clothing prices
have not decreased in obedience tc
broad economic conditions. Tn,
slowness of the response OF fooe
prices, in particular, to the plethors
OF production and supply constitutes
a real grievance OF labor. It is
grievance which il is the duty OF al
concerned to redress.
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
OF
bridge VICTIMS
IS Bodies of Chester Dead
to be Buried Today and
Tomorrow
NO PROSECUTION
FOR DEATHS

CHESTER, Sept. 13.--There will
be no criminal prosecution because
Of the collapse OF the Third Street
Bridge over the Chester River Sat
urday night that resulted in the
death of twenty-five persons. The
inquest into the death of the victims
will begin on Thursday by Coroner
Drewes.
It was said by officials that the
accident was due to the giving way
Of a gusset plate that was cracked
ten years ago and to rotten Della
ware County politics." which per-
mitted such an unsafe condition to
exist. No one in an official capac-
ity would assume the task of saying
just who was responsible for the
tragedy, although many persons
were inclined to attach blame TO
the foreman who repaired the
bridge when the gusset plate crack
ed ten years ago" No one. how
ever, seems to know who that fore
man was.
The word that there would be no
effort to place the responsibility was
badly received by the families OF the
victims. Some of them said they
would demand that some one re-
sponsible for bridges in the county
be summoned to explain why the
bridge had not been properly repair
ed following the breaking OF the
gusset plate when a canal boat ran
against the structure ten years ago.
One official said the gusset plates
in the bridge were in such a posi-
tion that they could not be found in
an inspection. But newspapermen
obtained a rowboat yesterday, and
going under the bridge, found the
rest Of the gusset plates without any
trouble. In fact, the gusset plates
in the bridge which support the side
arms of wrought iron which. ir
things to be seen when one goes un-
der the bridge.
An ironworker who accompanied
the newspapermen pointed out hal
a score Of weak sections in the foot
path Of the bridge on the south sid'
and also on the north side where
the accident occurred. Workmei
boarded up the footpaths and at thu
present time only the road for We
hicles is in use.
It was Commissioner Feeley VIII
told Of the accident TO the bridg
caused by a coal barge ten years aEi
and how the plate had been takei
out by workmen and Strengthened
while cold. 1t was split eigh
inches in the operation, the commits
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
A Lesson in Sound Money
(From the New York Herald).

under the Pittman act. II must buy
an additional 100000 ounces
AS the production Of silver in this
country is only at the rate OF co.
600. 900 ounces a year, II will be
more than two years before the full
amount OF silver can be bought and
the melted dollars completely re-
placed. Meanwhile there will be
the two prices for silver.
II any other country were coming
this large quantity OF silver money,
with a face value of more than
double its intrinsic value, the effect
on the existing currency would un-
doubtedly be reflected by rising
premium on gold and its gradual
withdrawal from circulation, occa-
stoned by the operation of Gresham's s
law. But our silver dollars were re-
placed by Federal Reserve Bank
notes when the shipments of silver
TO India were made. The quantity OF
money in circulation was not dis
turbed. It's quality, however. was i'm
paired theoretically because the Fed
eral Reserve Bank notes were a liza
bility against which the reserve was
withdrawn. These Federal Reserve
Bank notes differ from the Federal
Reserve notes because the former
are issued by membe banks and the
latter are a liability OF all the cen
trail banks.
With the recoining OF the dollars
the Federal Reserve Bank notes will
be withdrawn and silver certificates
issued in their place. These new
certificates will have the same re-
serve as the old silver certificates.
BY this curious operation it there
fore comes about that a silver cur
rency artifcially debased passes into
! circulation with a value equal to
that of the withdrawn Federal Re-
serve Bank notes. and in seeming do
fiance-though only in seeming de-
fiance-of Gresham's law will ac-
tually improve the quality OF all our
money by the addition of the new
silver reserve.
The key to this interesting tangle
is. OF course, the fact that our silver
notes and silver dollars are ex-
changeable at their face value for
gold or gold notes, which pass for
their full gold standard value in the
international money market. Once
more the gold standard comes
Through the test with no sign Of de-
lterioration.
Evening journal., 1921-09-13

Bridges have been burned; bombs
have been placed in locomotives and
coal chutes; obstrutions have been
laid on the tracks; air hose connec-
tions have been cut; water tanks
have been drained; destructive
chemicals have been introduced into
boilers; emery and similar dusts
have been used to damage equip
ment; employees have been interfered
with in their duties. and so on and
on through all the tricks OF sabo-
tage known to militant anarchy. The
receiver thus sums up the result:
The present situation, which is a
tragedy to the people dependent
upon this railroad for service. is one
which Is beyond the control OF the
present management. and the fnan-
cial loss traceable and directly due
to depredations and interference hal
been the greatest factor in the nee
essity OF discontinuance OF opera
ton"
The receiver speaks OF this state
OF affairs as a tragedy to the peoplo
dependent upon the road for SER
vice. II is far more than that. II
Is a tragedy TO all the people OF the
two great states whose Jurisdiction
Is involved. II is a confession OF the
impotence Of laws II is an ac-
knowledgement OF inability to pro-
test the American citizen in his right
to work for a living against the vio-
lence OF those who take the posi-
tion that they will not work them.
J selves and will not let anybody else
work.
Evening journal., 1921-09-13

Students Of sound money who
have not been shaken in their faith
in Gresham's law-that bad money
operates to put good money out OF
circulation-can find in the present
complex market for silver bullion a
set of conditions well worth anal
ysis for the lessons therein contain
ed. News comes from Washington
that the mints OF the United States
are coming new silver dollars at the
rate of 100000 a day, or $4,000, 900
a month, allowing for Sundays off.
These dollars are coined to replace
the 100000, 600 silver dollars sold to
the British Government under the
Pitman act and melted down for
shipment TO India.
Only 52.k0,000 silver dollars have
been coineG since the work OF re-
placing these pieces began last
spring. For the entire recoining
process, to make 27O,0OO,OOO silver
dollars, 200, 000,0OO ounces Of silver
are required. This gives a coin con-
tanning seventy-seven one-hun-
dredths Of an ounce OF silver and
enough alloy to bring the weight Of
the minted piece up to eighty-five
one-hundredths of an ounce. When
the open market price OF silver is
$l-29 an ounce. or one-sixteenth
the price OF an ounce OF gold, which
remains stable at 20.67 an ounce.
the silver metal in a silver dollar is
worth as bullion exactly one dollar.
But our mints are not coming the
silver at a market price Of 1929 an
ounce. Under the Pittman act the
Government pays 81 an ounce for
silver produced within the United
States, which is used exclusively in
the new silver dollars. There is
therefore just II cents Of silver
value at the fixed price OF 81 an
ounce in the silver dollar. But the
price fixed by the Pittman act is
artificial. The open market price
for the metal is around So cents an
ounce. This is the quotation for
foreign metal, which is not eligible
for coinage under the Pittman act,
and it would be the price receivable
for the metal in the silver dollars il
they were melted and the bullion
sold to any purchaser except the
United States mints. Intninsically.
there is AZ ia cents of silver value
in the dollars now being minted.
The Government has thus far
bought 7o,O00.OoO ounces Of silver
Evening journal., 1921-09-13

The answer to Mr.. Gompers' fierce
pronouncement against any reduction
in wages was Immediately forthcom-
ing in the information furnished
through Mayor Hylan's unemploy-
ment committee, in New York -
committee on which the American
Legion Is prominently represented
which shows that there are about
100000 unemployed persons in New
York city, and that these unem-
ployed include about 5000 former
soldiers. These figures may be exag-
gerated, but lists OF the charitable
societies and various agencies that
are engaged in relieving the necessi-
tous show that the number Of idle
workers in New York is very large
indeed. II we are to suppose that
lists OF millions OF unemployed
throughout the country, in a reac-
ton from war imitation, are consist
ent with the fun maintenance Of the
highest war wages. then evidently
nothing is to be done about the mat
ter OF unemployment. As a matter
of simple business fact. however. the
r.
Hoover has the right OF it when ne
says that the answer to conditions OF
idleness In production is the organ
ization OF further production, to meet
an economic need. The need Of work
can only be met by the organization
OF work, with, Of course. a legiti-
mate and proper attention, through
the means OF public charity, TO cases
of distress on the part of the de.
serving. In the meantime, those who
can find work, but will not take Il
at reasonable wages. are not eligibl,
to places in the front rank OF tn,
bread line.
Mr.. Gompers says that il the work
ers submit to any wage reduction
at all they will have to submit I,
further reductions II may we'll b,
that legitimate employment is II
some cases indeed dependent upor
still further wage readjustment. tn,
motto What we have we hold" il
really as impracticable for the un
employed, in all cases. as IL is 70
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
Wrecked By Sabotage
(From the New York Herald }

The Missouri and North Arkansas
Railroad has been abandoned. For
more than 900 miles. between Jop-
lin. Mo. and Helena. Ark, people
are marooned so far as the services
Of this line are concerned. They arc
back to the conditions Of pre-rail-
road days. Crops are going tc
waste. Potentially prosperous COM
muniues are stricken with pro-
gressive industrial and commercial
paralysis Business in many places
is in a state of suspended anima-
ton.
The hand that has imposed this
blight is the hand OF radical labor
unionism. The reason the Missouri
and North Arkansas Railroad has
been abandoned is not found in lack
OF men ready and willing to do It's
work There is an abundance 4
such. Enough train crews and other
employees are available to keep the
wheels turning and the traffic mov-
ing all along the line. But the
road is under the ban OF a strike.
When the receiver Of the road an.
nounced a 20 per cent. reduction In
wages last February the union EN-.
ployes left their jobs. Refusing e
work themselves. they have been in
dustriously engaged in creating sucf
conditions as TO prevent anybody
else from working. In a statemen
announcing the abandoment OF th'
transportation service the receiver
specified in detail the methods OF de
structive coercion the strikers hav'
employed.
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
FOR THE GOOD OF THE cOMmUNTY.

II rrgDER the leadership Of Mayor Harvey, the Whining
u ton Community Service which has done su0n
wealth Of good since it began operations in This city
soon win omen campaign to raise by public subscrip-
ton $4,000 10 finance It's operations during the next fiscal
year.
That amount will not be Sufficient to enable he or
eanizaton 10 do the playground and other work that
IL desires 10 do and that It should be put in position tc
do but It viii enable it 10 carry out constructive pro-
gram which will be OF great benefit TO our community
When the Mayors appeal finally is made to the people
lof Wilmington there should be hearty response be-
cause the work Of the Community Service is one which
comes very close to the human heart and understanding
affecting as It does among other things the lives OF
thousands OF children who deserving OF public aid In
getting out Of life the best things possible in The way oil
spiritual moral, physical and educational benefit.
We bespcak for the campaign the fullest possible meas
ure Of practical public interest
Evening journal., 1921-09-13
Editorial Opinion
OILERS ASK WORK AS
WORKERS TALK STRIKE
From the St. Louis Times)

CFrom the st. Louis Times.)
There is unusualness in the pres
ent industrial situation. for some
phases it presents have not been
found in earlier periods of business
readjustment. One peculiar feature
is contained in the fact that an army
OF able-bodied men is seeking Gag
erly for some means OF making a
livelihood by its labor. while another
army of considerable size is serious
ly considering giving up steady en-
ployment because wage and work
conditions are not up to the abnor-
NAL standard of war times.
IL is easy to believe that the men
now idle will gradually find posi-
tons, even with no decrease in other
employed classes. Just how much
more quickly the job hunters can
have their quest successfully ended
II a widespread strike shall occur
in any important field of industry
can only be estimated in a general
way. 1t is certain that, with many
willing and reasonably capable men
desiring employment, there will be
found in their ranks a considerable
number who can fn the vacancie:
caused by an industrial walkout
The work of particularly skilled lab
or cannot be done by novices, but
there is a condition existing now
which makes available for almost
any vocation large number of idle
men who are able to discharge a
great variety of duties.
Never before has there been seri-
Gus thought by employed men Of a
strike in a time when unemployment
was so general as to cause disquiet
The disputes between wage giveI
and wage Garner have been reserved
for those longer periods in which
there was more demand for workers
than could be met. In such times
the striker frequently won his point
II remains to be seen whether, in
the event of deciding to leave his
position, the wroker of today car
make his course serve his ends in the
face Of conditions which provide q
dozen idle men to fill the place he
Vacates