davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
so 7e.7

Miss Anderson, the Federal Government now
is making campaign to better the condition
Of women at work in every section of the
country. In most States, Governors and Off
cials of the counties ana cities are cooperat-
ing as well as heads of Chambers of Com
merce and other civic organizations. EN-
ployers as a group anxious to assist the
campaign i'm every possible way. the Fed
era officials have found. Industry, officials
find. seems anxious to purge itself of a stu
alton which leaves it open to criticism. But
Individual action is slow and difficult to bring
about.
The campaign by the Government to better
the condition of women workers began dur
ing the war when millions of females were
drawn into industry and trade to replace
100000 males engaged in military activity.
The promptness with which women answered
the call to keep in operation mills and fac
tories and railroads needed to help win the
war Is shown i'm studies made by the Inter-
state Commerce Commission
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Interesting Facts About Pins and Their Making

the bath into which the machine and the
material arc run. The bath lubricates the
wire and fits it for the work which follows
After each visit TO The bench the wire IS
dipped in a 10 per cent solution Of sulphuric
acid ana washed In pure water. then washed
in bran water and dried
Whether the wire is brass or iron IL goes
on the rollers 10 be mechanically turned.
drawn and Strengthened u presents its eN
tremity and Is instantly met by little
mallet. which gives it tho three short sharp
raps that form its head. The fully formed
pin wire, with its heads. IL cut into sections.
As the sections are cut they fall on grooved
slide. The groove catches the pins by their
heads. and. with heads caught and bodies
hanging. they are manipulated by a long.
rapidly revolving moulder running on
horizontal axis.
The pin is then subjected to four actions.
Il Is pushed away from the machine from
behind pushed to the side OF the slide drawn
back and then forced forward. revolving.
IL moves along. AS the pin advances along
the screen or sieve its body lies almost
wholly on the runner When IL reaches the
end Of the long screen it falls into a box set
to catch it.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Nearly 100000 on Railroads
Did Work of Men at War

During 1919 nearly one hundred thousand
women were in the employ of the railroads
They performed every kind of work which
men performed before the war drew them
from their jobs. Women cleaned locomo-
tives tended stock rooms of repair shops
where the bulk of material was unusually
heavy for their strength, sold tickets and
even worked in the yards switching cars.
scores were placed at signal stations. hun
dreds handled the transmission of important
rain messages and engaged in the signal
service. In the repair shops they worked as
carpenters, machinists and electricians
A similar influx of women workers oc-
Cured in all other lines OF manufacture and
business endeavor How women made shells
and ammunition is we'll known. They we're
found T.. me steel mills and In the foundries
where big guns were cast. Even in the coal
mines women were listed on the payrolls
The National War Labor Board headed
by William II. Taft. took cognizance of the
need of protecting the women workers The
board laid down the principle that women
doing the work formerly performed by men
should receive the same pay In other
words the pay was to be fixed by the job and
rot by the sex of the employee. Employers
throughout the nation, in lending, their sup
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Answer Just the Opposite
To What Was Predicted

The answer 80 far as the official reports
now are available. is just the opposite of
what was predicted. In 1910 approximately
5000, 900 women were engaged in gainful
occupations in the United States. according
to the Census Bureau. The number now is
so per cent. greater than In 1910. accord
ing to Miss Anderson's estimate. Her esti-
mate is based on reports of the Census Bu-
reau not yet available to the general pubic
But il is regarded reliable.
II is admitted that thousands of women
did find themselves without work as n re-
suit of the closing of the munitions factories
after the signing of the armistice. But they
quickly found jobs elsewhere the reports
show. The United States. then entering into
a period Of unusual prosperity was ready to
absorb every woman who was willing to
work.
The number OF women now on payrolls of
mills and factories is indicated by one set of
findings of the Census Bureau which show
that in the textile trades more than five
hundred out Of each 1000 employees are
females. In industry In general nearly
three hundred out of each 1000 workers are
women.
Women are demanding a permanent place
on the nations payrolls
Because they must" explains Miss
Anderson. The old theory that women
work just to gain little additional money
TO spend on furbelows is a falacy But II is
working to keep down wages of women just
the same. A majority of all women engaged
in gainful occupations do so because they
must to support themselves and their rela-
tives.
with this great necessity upon them for
an adequate wage, women must struggle
against the old 'pin-money' fallacy. A man
feels that wife and children or other depend
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
VOMEN'S PAY FAR FROM EQUAL TO MEMS u. S. FINDS
Survey Made by Department of Labor Banner Prosperity Year
1920 Female Workers Get About Half the Amounts Earned
by Men Like Occupaions-Nore Than 100000 Employed
Most With Dependents Forced Earn Own Lvngs
Different From Estimates Made Before Investigation

ents are something of burden. but he is
recognized as the breadwnner. the po-
tential breadwinner, for family group. and
his wages are based accordingly. woman
may, and often does have equally heavy
burdens of dependents. but this burden is
not made lighter for her by the popular sup
position that she is working to make little
extra money and soon will get married and
live on easy street for the rest of her life.
The woman's bureau hopes shortly to have
comprehensive figures showing the extent Of
the responsibility for the support of others
of wage earning women"
Employers Answer Indicative
of Prejudice Against Sex
The attitude of many persons toward
women workers is illustrated say officials of
the woman's bureau. by one employer VIII,
was visited during survey Of conditions
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Special Correspondence to THE New YORK
HERALD.
Copyright. 1921, by THE NEW YORK; HERALD
By RALPH r. COUCH.
New York Herald Bureau. !,
Washington, ID. c., Nov. IL.


T WELVE million women now are regu-
larly on the payrolls Of employers of
the United States, according to Miss
Mary Anderson, director of the Woman's
Bureau Of the Department of Labor They
constitute about % per cent. of the nations
entire group of workers Twenty dollars
week is very unusual wage for women
workers it is indicated in Investigations of
the woman's bureau At least 100000
women who work are paid between $40 and
$12 a week. it is estimated.
Women" explains Miss Anderson, "are
receiving pay commensurate with that of
men in only a very, very small percentage OF
jobs, although in a majority of cases they
perform equal work Millions of women are
receiving what would barely be considered a
living wage, although they are compelled to
support dependents as well as themselves.
Women workers still victims of that
ancient prejudice against their sex.
''In general, women receive but IS cents
for the same work for which males receive
81. The women work long hours. In some
States the 56 hour week for women workers
still is common. They perform heavy worl,
just as do men. But they do not receive the
same pay. This is situation that should
challenge the spirit of fair play of men OF all
sections.
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
Says Industry Cannot Survive
At the Expense of It's Employee.

Industry cannot survive at the expense OF
It's employees. No community can afford to
permit the exploitation of its women work
ers. 1t is an evil that should be corrected
There are indications that many employers
are anxious to accord fair and impartial
treatment to women in their employ Con-
ditions have improved somewhat within the
last five years But the need of greater inn
provement is imperative"
Miss Andersons conclusions are based on
studies of women workers in several States
carried out by the Department of Labor in
cooperation with State agencies, public and
private. In many States employers them
selves have requested that surveys be made
Directed by Secretary of Labor Davis and
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

were anxious for this change to take place
holding that it would raise wage standards
for their sex. The women would be provided
for by their natural male wage earners, hus
bands fathers and other relatives, 1t was
held The Government undertook to find out
whether women were getting out of industry
as had been predicted. The United States
Census Bureau then was at work counting
the workers of the country II counted the
women too
The New York herald., 1921-11-13

studies of States i'm the East. Most studies
thus far made were OF women workers in
sections west of tho Aleghanies except on
in Georgia. Studies of the effect of 'imitd-
ton of the hours of women workers in New
Jersey and Massachusetts, soon will be ready
Cor CIstribu siOa.
The reports fo' Kansas and Georgia, how
ever, indicate in a general way. according to
Miss Anderson IN low rates of pay Of wom-
en- in all sections Of the United States. In
Kansas, il is admitted, the rates were, an
perhaps still are, lower than in most States
Thus in California law requires a mini
mum wage of SIG for women industrial
workers. In Oregon, however, the minimum
is but $500 and in Washington State the
same. But recent budget studies have
shown, according to officials that the cost Of
living to women is s22.1O week in Wash
ington State, $l9.49 in the District of Colum
bia 1920, at least s16 week in North Da-
kota and S147s week in Texas.
In the Kansas study of ten groups of en-
ployers of women it discovered that
1913 per cent earned less than 50 a week.
This was throughout 1920, when the nation
was in the midst OF period Of great pros
perity and high wages. Less than s12 a
week was earned by SOC per cent. of women
workers, less than SIS by 40 per cent and
less than SIS week by S69 per cent On
the basis of annual earnings the schedule
was like this:
Less than $500 year was earned by 2S6
per cent. of women in all industries
From $500 to 5000 was earned by 422 per
cent. and more than $500 was earned by only
29.2 per cent
The groups of industries studied included
meat packing. other food manufacturing,
clothing manufacture, miscellaneous manu-
features. general mercantile, 5-and-10 cent
stores, laundries, restaurants. telephones
and offices.
Average in Mems Clothing
Was Only SI4.Ss for Women
The average weekly wage paid to women
workers i'm the mems clothing industry
throughout the entire United States was
S14.S2, according to a survey by the Labor
Department. This covered earnings OF the
1919 period and is the latest nationwide sur
vey result obtainable. In some otor lines the
survey showed these results for the entire
United States:
Chemicals, $12.70 a week leather, s13.43 a
week; paper and pulp. S13.11 a week pot
terry. s1S17 a week; rubber. S14.Sl a week.
So-called health legislation governing
wages and working conditions is adopted hit
and miss in some instances Miss Anderson.
points out without. however, meaning to
criticise the desire of State law makers 10
assist women workers
I'm Ohio and Pennsylvania" said Miss An
derson, "a woman may not lift a core and
core box the combined weight of which is
more than fifteen pounds. In New York
women in the core rooms of foundries are
prohibited from lifting more than twenty
five pounds. There is a very great difference
between fifteen and twenty-five pounds and
ii is obvious that if fifteen pounds is all thai
woman can safely lift in Ohio and Penn
sylvania the women of New York are being
permitted to endanger their health"
each classified amount per tccek. Bu dgera0c
The New York herald., 1921-11-13
How They Contributed
To Support of the Home

"A comparison of the amount earned and
the amount contributed to the home by 1921
women workers studied shows the extent OF
contributions 10 the family pocketbook
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-12-15
Would Tax Automobile
Owners for I Gasoline

very substantial help in our road
fund" ~
Secretary Of state Sam A. Kozer
of Salem, Ore, says that "the Oregon
tax on gasoline and distillate for
July, 1921, undoubtedly will exceed
$4,000 and we expect a total for
the year Of more than $1,OOO,OO0."
Minnesota's program calls for So
100000 a year, and the present meth
cd will hardly produce that much, es-
pecially with the. recent reductions in
automobile prices. Hjalmar Nilsson,
a state oil inspector, says 100000, 600
gallons Of gasoline will be used in
this state in 1921. A tax of one cent
a gallon would produce about $1,000
600 on this basis, and Minnesota's
400, 900 cars at an average license Of
$40 would net $4,000,0 900 additional.
making the $6,0o0.0OO.
! At the 1921 legislative session,
Senator Nels o. Hegens of Argyle
planned to introduce a bill to provide
for tax on gasoline at Mr., Holm's
suggestion, but Mr.. Holm did not,
have sufficient time to make a study
of such Legislation and put it in
shape for introduction.
It is likely that such a bill will be,
introduced at the next session with
the endorsement Of Mr.. Holm, as he
considers that such a method Of mo-
tor vehicle taxation is the only one
that is fair and equitable.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-12-15

An automobile tax averaging SIC
and ranging from SIS on small cars ia
$15 on large cars and trucks, accord
ing to weight, plus a tax of one cent
a gallon on gasoline consumed by mo-
tor vehicles using public highways is
advocated by Mike Holm, Secretary
OF State, as more equitable tax and
one eliminating red tape, to be sub
stituted for the present cumbersome
method of taking out automobile IL
censes.
It would produce as much revenue,
Mr.. Holm said
Mr.. Holm has been making thor
ough study Of the principles of auto
mobile taxation. He has favored a
gasoline tax since the change in tax
alton was made necessary by the Bah
cock amendment and has opposed
the present system, for which he
takes no responsibility.
: His department. has charge OF col
Letting the automobile license tax. He
finds that states using the tax on gas
oline consider it by far the best.
"The gasoline tax places the bur
den where it belongs" Mr.. Holm
said. "The man who uses his car
most gets the most use of our roads.
A heavier car takes more gasoline,
and therefore pays most as it is
hardest on the highway. The light
car uses less gasoline and is less
destructive to roads. I firmly believe
it is the fairest, most equitable tax
that can be worked out"
Mr.. Holm has a letter from J.
Grant Hinkle, secretary Of state, at
Olympia, Wash. which says:
"The gasoline tax of one cent a
gallon is found to be one of the most
satisfactory taxes we have. i It is
collected from the distributing com
panies at no cost whatever except
that of an occasional audit Of the
books of the oil companies, which
are always correct, as there would be
no \ object in Justification. Almost
$4,000 was collected the first month
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-12-15

This story explaining certain por-
tons of the Revenue Act of 1921 APP
proved November %, 1921, is furn-
ished for release Wednesday, Decem-
Der Ia, 1921.
The following statement is issued
by Collector of Internal Revenue for
the district of Minnesota.
Enactment of new revenue legis-
laticn has brought to the offices OF
Collectors of Internal Revenue flood
of inquiries regarding various pro-
visions. The Revenue Act of 1921
became effective November %, 1921,
unless otherwise provided for.
"To avoid error in the preparations
of their returns and later difficulties
with the Bureau of Internal Revenue,
taxpayers are advised to carefully
sete the changes and when they be-
come effective.
"The excess profits tax is repealed
as of January I, 1922. The rates
for 1921 are unchanged.
"The surtax rates for the calendar
year 1921 are unchanged, and range
from per cent on the amount Of
net income between $4,000 and $4,000
to ,65 per cent on the amount of net
income IN excess of 81 900, 900. For
the calendar year 1922 the surtax
rate, per cent on the amount of net
income between $4,000 and $4,000
to 80 per cent on the amount by
which the net income exceeds $780,
600.
"The exemption allowed for de-
pendent is increased from $500 to
$500. Married persons living with
husband or wife and heads of fam
lilies are allowed a personal exemp-
ton of $500 (instead of $4,000
unless the net income is in excess OF
$4,000, in which case the personal ex-
emption is only $1,000. The act pro-
Mdes that in no case shall the re-
duction of the personal exemption
from $500 to $1,000 operate to in
crease the tax which would be pay
able if the exemption were $4,000 by
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-12-15
Federal Government In
come Tax Laws Modified

more than the amount of the net in
come in excess of $4,000. This is tc
overcome the disparity in the case OF
two taxpayers, one Of whom is jus.
within the lower $4,000 exemption
and the other just within the higher
$500 exemption.
"Single persons, and married per-
sons not living with husbands OF
wife, are allowed an exemption OF
$1,000. Nonresident aliens are al
lowed single persons exemption OF
81 900. Persons having gross in
come for 1921 of $4,000 or over ar
required to make a return, regard
less of the amount of net income.
Provision is made for the repeal
as of January /, 1922 of the tax on
stockholders of a personal service
cooperation as such. After that
date such corporations are to be tax
ed IN the same manner as other cor
porations.
The income. tax on corporations
for the calendar year 1922 and there
after is increased from 10 to IL 1-2
per cent. The $1,000 exemption
heretofore allowed corporations is to
be granted only to those corporations
whose net meme is $4,000 or loss.
Many persons are under the inn
preston that the tax on ice cream.
soft drinks, etc., monthly returns OF
which are required, have been repeal
ed with, the enactment of the new
act. These taxes remain in force
until the end of the calendar year
1921.
"No change is made in the tax on
admissions, except that after Jan
uary /, 1922 there will be no tax
where admission is less than 10
cents. Effective January L, 1922
the following taxes are also abolish
ed: On musical instruments, sporting
goods, chewing gum, portable electric
fans, therrnos bottle, fur articles,
pleasure boats and pleasure canoes,
unless. sold for more than 500, toilet
articles, medicines and numerous ar
ticles Of apparel.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-12-15
The Drawing Gard.

]. Next to Harriet Beecher Stoves
great moral drama, there's nothing
that draws as well in Snagtown as q
horse falling down and becoming
tangled up with its harness.-Arkansas
Thomas Cat.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1921-12-15
That's the Kind.

Self-determinati0n may be the theory
on which new nations are founded but
just plain determination is the only
thing thai ever enabled one of them
to get NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Transcript.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-07-26
FAIR RETURN On ", "A, UTILITIES
IS FAIR" To COMPANIES ONLY
ARE GUARANTEED A RETURN
MUCH HIGHER THAN GOV
ERNMENr GAVE RAIL
ROADS
Service Commission Takes Away AL
Business Hazard for Orr Big
Companies.
By DWIGHT h TETER-

Charleston. " Va. Iu,; -".-t'"ord-
inr 10 Judge r. n. Lewis. Il ,hc Public
Sr-,.ce Commission. in statement
irnic at MurEantown relative To nxinc
of Eas rates, the commission IS con
"crucd only with the amount or gas
{. L." used aai The fair valuation ri
the roHlpany's h"ld.nE&. th.s being SUI
fcicnt FOR hrirrm:!.rS the rat" 10 be
,Ilowc,:. JIicc Lewis said: What The
commission wants % know is. what l.
the pruhab!e amount rt gas that MI.
be used in Mor;ar:uwH during ~
coming y.ar" When We have paced
a valuation upon tie property % n
company, VIC can determine what the
gas must be sod 4: ii the company
IS 10 have fair return on rs invest
ment. The commission ~ not inter-
cs,ed in the pr"nts OF the industries
which cIp"c; - use the gas.
Just what Judge Lewis means by
fair return" for the company - rather
hard to snv--whethcr he means 'Iair
return" fur the company or a falr re-
turn" from. 'hN standpoint OF consumers
can only l." jrhg"d by what the Public
Service Commission has granted other
applicants for rate increases. AR
return" nay mean many things, OUT IN
this case /: simply means what amount
Il is fair for IN" gas companies |" earn
above al cxrrn*"s. In other words
the Public StrNiCc Commission taxes
the stand that is sole object IN HE
is 10 be able Il guarantee ali cOrrora-
tlons coming before Il n fair !tturn
On their Investments. Ey doing THIS
,rr commission lakes all chance of FISK
and hazard from the business and
makes It's financial success Il certainty.
IS Judge Lewis so frankly states. tn"
commission is no; interested ~ the
Profits Of the industries which expect
To use IN" gas" n"r. hy example Is
the commission interested in the pr"ilts
or losses ~ any Of the consumers.
whether they he domestic or industrial.
1t is only interested 10 the extent ina;
I; may determine what The 6as must
he sold Mt ii THE COMPANY Is 10 re
rc.vc 4 fair return on its investment.
The COMPANY nrst. last and all the
tContnusd on Page Cwclvs)
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-07-26
THREE-CENT LETTER POSTAGE MAY COME IN
i. 5. REVENUE BILL UNDER CONSIDERATION

go, y, ::re TIA, nc was opposed 70 the
~. 49, .,ry .!ni q: S,,"s LAX TO Supp!ant
-. ,.>,...,t profits lev? which. II is con-
r-1.I VIII hr abandoned. II" was re-
;-.-"rtrh "a hr'rE favorable 10 nat
"a, "r ru-forai.nrS. behaving that such
, LAX wui!It nr,r; losses du" {" the con.
:. .nIlatct repeal "f n" excess proats
and soa." u.'r"r assessments.
Committee. leaders declared they DO
lcv"I ih- ."rf"rat:"n lax would 'ake
-. form cr = n;,crn percent levy on in
comes with III, exemption OF tTo ihouS-
anil dniiar". row III crc"t. abolished.
E.rrc*cnta';," !.nrGwo7:n. RepCoiican.
uf hlio. who has i hili making such pro
VISIONS. aid ~" corpora 'ion tax would
weld a-ou:,! haif i hri.i"n dNi'ars year
Open Session Limited
NJ !or.w"rih.> h't also would re-
.Gur" ~" higher ~u:;aNes OF incopes
~! hts i@tu ~ MIS- r":p"c; WAS said 10
have t!:,. i:c.. S'.-y secretary approval.
Two cp.ning session Of the hearings
;o,rofr,,u ~. include discussion OF
uhrrt, all IN: SO Of revision according
20 'hC calendar posted tonight by tho
r0n,nliit,r NJ Eurdn"y said he would
!n~i.. 80, ru;.,..'.d - tho open session IN
four dav~ lIc r,'l"vc,! the House would
20, To measure - about three weeks
rrcscntar:,e Mann. EerUh'irIu 90 ~
rors. S,id INC h.N could not b. put ln,o
shape hat quickly.