The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1921-09-08

Pezuea, the last of the A legally constituted vice
Toys of Peru, reported that the whole country was
ripe for rebellion and that although he realized
the danger, he was unable to take effective precau-
tlOnary means since he could in no way foretell
from what direction the blow would come. The
royal troops at his disposal amounted to $4,000 men
ISIS in Lima and Callao S,4S5 quarered at Cuz-
co, Arequipa and NauXa 5000 in upper Peru; and
700 at Pisco and Caneta on the coast
SO 1t was that preparations to free Peru from
Spain were largely made in distant BuenOs Aires.
IL 1914 General de San Martin began the task Of
creating the andes Army" his plan of campaign
being to march across the Andes to Chile. Jan
uary II, 1917, he began his march, with 26O regi-
mental officers and $500 foot soldiers. There were
three divisions under Generals Las Heras, AL
varado and Condo. There were 1000 horses and
92S1 mules with supplies and equipment.
The army, crossing through Uspallata pass o.
500 fee) entered Santiago in February. The bat
tie of Maipu, April 3, ended Spanish power in
Chile. Then San Martin induced the Cheans to
gather q fleet, without which successful invasion
Of Peru could not be made.
Lord COchrane, a British nobleman with dis
tnguished naval record, accepted command of the
fleet and hoisted his flag on the O'Higgins Deem
Der %, 1918. All the ships were commanded by
British officers the one exception was Captain
Worster, an American After several cruises and
paraiso in December, 1919 BY this time General
de San Martin was nearly ready to embark, having
obtained aid from the foreign merchants of Buenos
Aires In August of 1920 he had at Valparaiso
a force of 450O-fve infantry battaons and two
regiments Of cavalry.
August q General de San Martins expedition
sailed from Valparaiso Lord COchrane in command
of the fleet September the troops landed in Par
accas bay. After successful expedition to the
interior, San Martin re-embarked and established
headquarters to the north Of Lima.
San Martin had wisely chosen his headquarters
as near the capital as possible. On December 3,
1920, an entire Spanish battalion, $50 strong con
sisting chiefly of Coombans, went over to the pa
trots and shortly afterwards, 3S Peruvian officers
and number of cadets arrived from Lima. San
Martins line now extended from the sea to Say
an, distance of about 20 miles the Spanish army,
under Pezuela, occupying position about miles
north of Lima. Early in 1921 discomfort arose
among the officers in the Spanish army, and on
the Goth of January, an nsubordnate letter signed
by all Of the generals was addressed to the vice
roy calling upon him TO resign and TO deliver his
command to Gen. Jose de la Serna. Pezuela had
no alternative but to obey, says the Bulletin Of the
Pan-Amerlcan Union.
Immediately after the deposition of the viceroy
san Martin raised the first battalion Of Peruyians.
Regardless of the irregularlty, de la Serna was de-
cared viceroy, being eventually recognized by the
Spanish government, and an emssary arrived
from Spain to ascertain the demands Of the patrl-
OTIS and arrange a compromise. San Martin, de-
claring nm armistIce of 20 days proposed as
basis Of peace recognition of the independence Of
the country the establishment of provisional con
stltution until the election Of a congress and the
ascension of Bourbon prince TO the throne OF
Peru. The new viceroy assented but his generals
insisted upon the rejection Of these proposals. The
negotiations we're discontinued in May.
Soon after this the royalists found It necessary
to eyacuate the coast, being without ships and
cut OFF from all means of communication. The
royaist general Canerac, marched into the in
terror in June, while the viceroy having garrisoned
and provsloned Callao castle (Which in September
surrendered to the Protector) left Lima July g.
On the night of July Q, Gen San Martin entered
the capital of Peru, and on July %, 1921, the In
dependence of Peru was proclaimed, San Martin
being unanimously acclaimed Protector. This Of
flee he held until the establishment Of the Peruyi-