The Glenwood post. (Glenwood Springs, Colo.) 1897-current, 1921-05-21
GIVES REASONS
/. FOR DEPRESSION
Rail Chief Declares Freight
Charges Not the Cause
of Stagnation.
FARM PRODUCTS ARE CITED
Business Depression and Lack Of
Demand the Real Trouble.

fore the Senate Committee on Inter
state Commerce, which is conducting
an inquiry into the railroad situation,
Julius kruttschnitt, chairman of the
board of the Southern Pacific COM
pany, went into great detail as to the
effect Of freight rates on produce ship
ments, foreign and domestic. The
main points he. made in this part Of
his testimony were:
First-That business depression is
not the result of high freight rates.
Second-That the real cause Of stag
nation in produce shipments is lack
Of market or profiteerlne.
He said in part:
A widespread propaganda is being
carried on to arouse public sentiment
against existing freight rates, whereas
the fact is that even since the rates
have been advanced the cost Of trans
porting commodities is far less than
the toll taken by, the commission mer-
chant and the retailer for buying and
selling them.
Public Misied as to Situation
People are misled and conclude that
high rates have stopped the movement
of large amount of freight and That
the railways would make more money
If they would reduce the rates and
thereby revive the traffic.
There is the strongest reason to be
lieve that the very great reduction in
traffic has been due almost entirely to
general business conditions that are
worldwide In their effect. and that
would have come If there had been no
advance in freight rates.
Prices of commodities reached their
maximum in the first half of the year
1920 and thereafter fell with great
rapidlty in France the United States
and the United Kingdom. The fail in
the United States began in May. aal
September, when the advanced rates
took effect. Nevertheless traffic did
not drop for at least four months.
Slump Not Caused by Higher Rates
1t was general deflation and fall
In prices from the heights to which
they had been driven by war condi-
lions that has caused a stagnation of
business throughout the world.
That it is not caused by the cost of
transportation is convincingly SHOWN
by the fact that stoppage of buying
has caused an oversupply of ships,
hence ocean tonnage rates have been
recently at the lowest points In their
history.
Notwithstanding these low rates,
ocean traffic shows as great stagna-
ton as rail traffic, and millions of tons
Of shipping here and abroad are rust
ing away in idleness. Many commodi-
ties would not move even II the freight
charges on them were abolished en-
tirely, because producers can find no
market.
That the decline in business Is not
due to prohibitlve freight rates is
shown by the following examples;
In January of thl. year the tot.!
tonnage of lines west of FL Paso and
eifi Se" Company o%sy' fsIll on Il per cent.
The combined Intraststs freiEht ton;
the intrastats freight rates in those
States hss sfsn mi, YET nutaorissd
vsii e Or: and other co%moditis.:
COTTON 1NsH,ee::EE12-e of LACK
OF q Texas cotton crop Of over four
narkstsd. The averags eest . ran
peInt to Llvsrpssi has been reduced
sse.t st:asN per 100 psunn s,t In the
bales of cotton less than normal have
bsen exported to Liverpool. Obviously
the freight rate is not responsible for
the restricted movement.
During September, October. and
November, 1870. Is per cent less rice:
so per cent less canned salmon and
ported than during the same months
Of the previous year. although tho
reduction In ocean rates was sub
Inland rail rates, so that the material
decline In the exports of these COM
modities was In the face of = less ag-
gregats cost of transportation.
The Case Of the Fruit Growers
The troubles of the California lemon
grower have attracted much attention.
lie claims he Is unable to ship his
product because of the increased
freight rates. A removal Of all the
recent Increase of the rate on lemons
would not help him. He has rate by
sea through the Panama Canal of less
than hnlf-4S per cent-of the rail
rate, yet his lemons are not marketed.
The average price Of a cantalOupe
lnid down In New York In the season
OF 1920 was not quite II cents. Az
they were rctailed Mt about % cents.
there Is further profit to somebody
Of IA cents per cantaloupe.
Tie managers Of the propaganda for
general reduction Of freight rates
have lost sight Of the fact that In DC
tober. 1920. 1.105.321 carloads Of coal
were moved. being the maximum NOV
ed In any month In the preceding two
years, although 1t was handled at the
udvant'ed freight rates, and we have
heard nothing as to coal being pro
duced ut loss or Of the coal mine
owners going out Of business because
~~t,tl,,x frniUht FutpR