davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Marks i'm Schools
Found Unreliable,
In Special Inquiry
Dean Hawkes. of Columbia
Reports, After Two Years
Investigation, Against Sys-
tenn of Giving Credits

Dean Herbert E. Hawkes., Of Colum-
bia University. who, with his assistant,
Ben D. Wood, has been investigating
for two years the value Of the grad
Ing or marking system used in high
schools and colleges. has made re-
port to DR.. Nicholas Murray Butler,
president, which was made public yes
terday, In which he condemns the sys-
tenn as inaccurate and misleading.
Many instances could be given" he
said, "of wide variation in marking an
examination paper by different instruc-
tors in the same department or by the
same instructor under different condi-
tions OF temper, digestion or physical
comfort. If to these causes of mac
curacy one adds those duo to poorly
prepared examination papers one won-
ders at the confidence with winch an
instructor informs the trembling STU
dent that his mark is l or 2 per
cent below the pass mark and that
he must therefore spend another year
in the study of the subject"
In one test a final examination paper
in first year high school English was
schools. The paper was marked all
other examination paper of the same
kind was rated by the same 142 teach
ers Of English and the marks ranged
from 30 to 98 per cent.
final examination paper in Amer
ican history was graded by seventy his
tory teachers; one teacher assigned it
grade Of 43 and another SO; a dozen
teachers rated 1t as so or above, and
another dozen scored 1t as below SIS.
A final examination paper in geome-
try was scored by 114 mathematics
teachers; as in the casa of the English
and history paperL, 1T was marked on
the basis of 100 as perfect One teacher
marked it as low as %, and two marked
it as high as 90. A dosen teachers
marked it as 53 or below, and fourteen
marked it as SO or above.
Results not unlike these were OBJ
tanned In such universities as Cornell,
Harvard, University of Missouri, Uni
versity of Wisconsin and others. They
tended to show chat the present mark
ing system is thoroughly unreliable,
even in the hands of undoubtedly COM
petent and careful instructors" accord
ing to Mr.. Wood, Dean HAWKES. as
SiStant
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Hardings to Have Quiet
White House Christmas
Senator and Mrs. Kendrick Are
Having Small House Party
Over. the HOLIDAYS
From The Trtbune's Washington Buysa

FROM The Trdbnnc's Washington BuysdW
WASHINGTON, Dec. 24.--The Presi-
dent and Mrs. Harding will pass
Christmas in the White House, ex-
changing greetings with intimate
friends. As there are no children in
tree, but one Of Mrs. Harding's chief
pleasures recently has been providing
surprises for children of her acquaint-
ance. The nature Of the gifts ex-
changed by the President and Mrs.
Harding so far is known only to them
selves.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank w. Stearns, Of
Boston, will be the only house guests
of Vice-President and Mrs. Coolidge
over the Christmas season.
Senator and Mrs. John B. Kendrick,
OF wyoming, are entertaining a small
house party over Christmas, their
guests including their son, Manville
Kendrick, student at Harvard; their
Marcia Thorn, Of Goucher College;
Harry Kay, Lyman Brewster and Bur-
ton Brewster, Of Cornell University,
and Francis Williams, q nephew.
MRS. George Mesta entertained at
luncheon to-day at the Shoreham in
honor of Miss Margaret Treadwell.
The other guests were Miss Isabel
Crawford, Miss Madeline Austin, Miss
Dorothy Mondell, Miss Rosa Maye Ken
drick, Miss Nina Gore, Miss Barrine
Drake, Miss Helen Mclean, Miss Mary
Morkan and Mrs. George lie Roy Boyle,
Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard M Baruch left
their New York home yesterday for
their shooting box at Georgetown, s. C.
Major and Mrs. John Bennington
Bennet, Of West Point, and Hiram
Bennet, Of New York, are with their
parents, Colonel and Mrs. John B.
Bennet, at the Parkwood for the holi-
days
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25

But whether the appeal is held good or
bad, it does not act as legal stay to
prevent the members of the Board of
Estimate and Board of Aldermen from
oelng IN contempt of court, and a mo-
tion will be made to punish them for
such contempt.
"Any tax levy made under and in
accordance with the budget as it is now
will be illegal (D ii it Is not remade as
ordered, (2) if it is remade as ordered,
because even then it is $10,000,0O0 be-
yond the 2 per cent tax limit, (S) if it
IS not signed by the Comptroller by
December 25, CA II the county items
cut out by the Board of Aldermen are
not reinstated in it.
Attacks "Manipuiation"
"Thc budget was manipulated also
in its debt service and tax deficiency
appropriations, but the pension obliga-
tion manipulation was the most bare
faced of all. The Mayor is all right,
honest, we'll intentioned, wants to give
a square deal to all, but is surrounded
by good and evil advisers. Collective
ly, the Board of Estimate are a gang of
pirates who have boarded the good
ship New York and are compelling the
passenger taxpayers to walk the plank.
and looting them within and without
the law by illegal assessed valuations,
by illegal budget manipulations and by
every method that occurs to their fer
tile brains. Exploitation of taxpayers
is the pet sport of our Chinese man
darins."
Mr.. Browne did not say when he ex-
pected to begin contempt proceedings,
but 1t is expected the United Real
Estate Owners Association will take
the matter to the courts again early
this week.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Niagara Given
100000 HIP.
By New Canal
Completion of the Chippewa
Channel Equips Power
Plant to Save Annually
100000 Tons of Coal
Work Cost $65,OOO,OO0
SIS, 900, 900 More Required
to Install Machinery;
Project Begun i'm 1895

BUFFALO, Dec. 24.-Completion TO-
day of the twelve and one-half-m,le
Chippawa-Queenstown channel by the
ONTARIO Hydro Commission brings
water power development at Niagara
Falls to the threshold Of 1000 900
horsepower. equivalent in steam gen.
Grated electricity to coal consump-
tion OF more than 100000 tons a
year. The mighty cataract, long one
of the wonder sights Of the world, has
become the worlds greatest center Of
hydro-electrical power.
Dredges which have been cutting
through earth and rock north of
Chippawa and south from Queenston
for taree and one-half years in wide
swing about the falls, were removed
this month. They have taken out 49,
100000 cubic yards Of earth and a.
$4,000 of rock, total slightly more
than the French had removed from
Culebra Cut at the time the Panama
route was taken over by the United
States. The maximum depth of the
Chippawa ditch is las feet and at one
point the engineers were confronted
with rock cut IS feet in depth. They
also had to change the course of Chip
pawa Creek. Its natural course was
southerly into the Niagara, while the
completed canal will flow northerly.
Complete Cost, $4,000, 900
The Chippaway Queenstown Canal
cost about $65,000,000. An additional
$l6,000,000 will be required to complete
installation of the ten-unit generating
machinery
The output Of the super-power plant
will be 650,000 horsepower. There are
now three plants operating on the
Canadian side of the river, with total
output of 100000 horsepower, so that
if all of them are continued in opera
tion Canada's Niagara production alone
will be above the 100000 horsepower
mark
Existing and projected development
on the American side has a potential
production of 100000 horsepower from
upper river diversion. The Niagara
Falls Power Company, in control there,
has other hydro-electric a~d steam
plants, giving it total marketable out
put of $4,000 horsepower, but from
Niagara River alone the production is
100000 horsepower.
Developed in twenty-five Years
The reaching and passing Of the
million horsepower mark has been ac-
complished in approximately a quarter
of a century, for it was in 1895 that
the wheels Of the first industrial plant
at Niagara Falls we're turned by hydro
electrical energy. The first turbines
on the Canadian side were installed ten
years later.
Power development on the Canadian
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Former Child Prodigy
Globe Trotter's Bride
Winifred Sackville Slower, Now
l9, Is Married to Charles
Phillipc de Bruche

Winifred Sackville Stoner, who was
child prodigy ten years ago, has
proved herself just an ordinary girl
when 1t is Cupid she has to deal with.
Announcement was made yesterday
of the marriage of Miss Stoner, now
nineteen years old, to Charles Philippe
de Bruche.
Her husband is a globe trotter and
lover of the many sports in which Miss
Stoner has excelled. When she was
nine years old she had published vol
ume each of poetry and prose in Eng
lish and had adapted Mother Goose in
Esperanto. She learned to scan Virgil
in place of lullabies, and at two years
could speak both French and English.
She has been doing magazine writing
for the last two years and has also COM
pleted novel on peace.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Armistice Day Observance
Cuts Down Factory Paw Rolls

ALBANY. Dec. 24.-Observance Of
Armistice Day, wage rate reductions
and the continuance of depression I'm
many industries were factors in caus-
ing a reduction of 81 cents in tha
average weekly earnings of New York
State factory workers in November. the
State Industrial Commission made
known to-day
Average earnings in sugar refneries
and meat packing plants were slightly
higher and the retention of more per-
manent and higher paid employees
caused a large increase in the canning
industry.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
J. S. Commercial Teachers
Meet in St. Louis Dec. q

The twenty-fourth annual convention
of the National Commercial Teachers
Federation will be held in St. Louis De-
cember 27, % and 20, according to aa-
nouncements by Robert Grant, presi-
dent.
The organization is composed of FIVE
divisions, with five inter-organizations
each having its own officers, as follows:
A public commercial schools depart
ment, a private commercial schools de-
partment, shorthand round table,
business round table and general fed
Grafton whose officers are selected By
the entire membership of all depart
ments
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Leo Says Mayor
Approved Purchase
OF $1,000 Scows
Declares Hirshfield Can Tell
if 1t Is as ''Tool of
Gang He Is Seeking to
BefOul ex-Commissioner

John p. Leo, former Street Cleaning
Commissioner, who resigned because of
what he termed the igh-handed"
methods of David Hirshfeld, Commits
sioner Of Accounts, in the latter's in
vestigation of Captain Leo's depart
ment, yesterday issued statement ex-
planning his side Of the controversy
and characterized Mr.. Hirshfeld's
charges as "maliciously false"
The Commissioner of Accounts CEN
tered his investigation upon the pur-
chase by Commissioner Leo of two
side bumper garbage scows for $4,000
each. which, Mr.. Hirshfeld contended,
was twice what they were worth, as
the scows were "obsolete and useless"
Mr.. Leo pointed out that the scowa in
question had been rented for several
years from F. P. Eastman at cost of
s75 each day, or total of approx
mately $4,000 year. Failing to OBJ
tain reduction in the rental price,
MIR. Leo finally, on May 26, 1921, OBJ
tanned an offer from Mr.. Eastman for
the sale of the scows for $4,000 each.
The matter was referred to the Board
of Estimate and the purchase approved
by the board. The official record of
the steps taken in the matter, as given
by Mr.. Leo, were as follows:
"June 81 addressed a communica-
tion to the Board of Estimate reciting
the facts. This communication was
referred to the Finance and Budget
Committee, which is Identical with the
Board of Estimate
June 2S-On application by the
Board of Purchase stating all the facts,
the Board of Aldermen by resolution
gave permission to purchase direct
July 5-The Mayor approved the
resolution.
"July-Finance and Budget Commit
tee, after discussion and the consid-
eration of the report Of investigation
and recomm endation by one of their
assistant engineers, ". D. Roberts, di-
rected favorable report to the Board
of Estimate on the purchase of two
scows.
"July 8-The Board of Estimate, by
unanimous vote, all its members being
present, gave its authorization to pur-
chase the scows. 1t was apparent to
the members of the board that if tho
payment of a lump sum of less than a
years rental of a (house orr scow
would secure title to the property in
question, it would be of financial ad-
vantage to the city to make the pur-
chase"
The scows finally were purchased by
the city on September 3.
"In the light of this record" said
Mr.. Leo, at is not necessary to make
any criticism of the vicious attempt by
the Commissioner Of Accounts to be-
foul me; whether it was done at the
request Of the gang rne order Of his
master or in revenge for my uncon-
cealed contempt for him and his meth
ods-he best can answer"
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Smith Yields.
Signing City's
1922 Budget
Deputy Comptrollcr's Name
ON $35O,OOO,O 900 Meas
ure, With Hylan's and
Cruises, Gives 1t Effect
Differ as to Jail Danger
officials Pin Hope to Ap-
peal, While Realty Men
Say They're in Contempt

Deputy Comptroller Henry Smith
cspitulated yesterday and signed the
$3.50 900 city budget for 1922. The
signature of the Deputy Comptroller
in the absence Of Comptroller Charles
L. Craig, added to that of Mayor Hylan
and City Clerk Michael Cruisc, who
had already signed. conforms to the
charter provisions that it must be
signed by these three city officials by
to-day. and would make it effective in
form as of January /, 1922.
Deputy Comptroller Smith, however.
who contended that the budget was
illegal in its present form, said that
he had signed without reservations"
snd without consultation with the law
department. The Comptroller's Office
still holds that the budget is several
million dollars over the constitutional
tax limit and that some way will have
to be found to reduce it in order to
legalize the tax levy for next year.
Now that the budget is duly signed,
the question is still open as to whether
the members of the Board of Estimate
sre facing Jail for contempt of court for
not restoring to the budget the $4,000
000 OF city pension funds ordered re-
stored by the recent decision of the
Appellate Division of the Supreme
Court.
Views Still Opposed
While the Corporation Counsel con-
ends that the appeal taken by the
city to the Court of Appeals acts as a
stay to the order of the Appellate Divi-
sion and to contempt proceedings
against the Mayor and his associates,
the United Real Estate Owners Asso-
ciation, which obtained the original
order against the Board of Estimate.
takes the opposite view.
Stewart Browne, president of the
association. announced yesterday that,
despite the appeal. he would institute
contempt proceedings against the
Mayor and other members OF the Board
If Estimate and members of the Board
Aldermen. Mr.. Browne contended
hat no appeal could be legally taken
'ithout the consent of the Appellate
'iyision, and whether such an appeal
cid or net it did not act as a legal
lay 10 prevent the mem berS OF the
GARD Of Estimate and Board of Alder
en-. Mr. Browne further contended
lat any tax levy made under the 1922
audget in its present form would be
egal.
The so-called notice of appeal by
:ie city to the Court of Appeals from
me Appellate Division may or NAV not
be legally taken without the consent Of
The Appellate Division" said Mr..
Browne. "A motion will be made to
dismiss the appeal unless the consent
Of the Appellate Division is obtained.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Going On To-day
DAY

DAY
American Museum OF Natural History
admission free.
Metropolitan Museum Of Art, admission
free.
Aquarium, admission free.
New York Historical Society, admission
free.
Van Cortlandt Park Museum. admission
FREQ.
Geological Park admission free
Address by DR.. Henry Neumann on What
Kind Of Revolutionist Was Jesus p.
Academy Of Music, IL o'clock
Address by DR.. Stephen S: Wise on Jesus
and the Jews" Carnegie Hall, IL o'clock.
LECTURE by Walter Pach on The Modern
French Exhibition at the Museum >
Metropolitan Museum of Art o'clock.
Story hours for children conducted by
Anna c. Chandler, Metropolitan Museum
of Art, and o'clock
Literary Vespers conducted by Edgar
White Burrill on The Inspiration Of
Sacriace," Town Hall, 1913 West Forty
third Street. o'clock.
NIGHT
symposium on Unemployment" Speak
ers, unemployment men and John
Haynes Holmes. Community Forum.
Park Avenue and Thirty fourth Street,
O'clock.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Army Bakes Cake for Weeks

WASHINGTON, Dec. 24.-An all-
army fruit cake. prepared by the bakers
and cooks school at Fort Riley, Kan,
will form part of the Christmas dinner
of Secretary Weeks.
The cake was made from the recipe
in the army cook book and is similar
in every way to those baked or the
soldiers Christmas dinner. 1t was re-
ceived to-day as a present to the Sec
retary from the students at the school.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Mrs. G.. V. Mullan Honored
Is Elected Alumnm Trustee of
Barnard COLLEGE

The board Of trustees of Barnard
College yesterday announced the cleo
tion of Mrs. George Vincent Mullan, of
118 West 1S3d Street, wife Of Justice
Mullan, Of the Supreme Court, as an
alumnae trustee. She will serve until
the close of the academic year 1924-'25.
Mrs. Mullan was Helen St. Clair, of
the Barnard class of '98. She was
chairman OF the first Barnard Alumnae
Council and has been president of the
Associate Alumnae of Barnard College
and chairman of the finance and over
seas committee of this association.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Students Sent to Harvard
From AZ Foreign Countrie.

CAMBRIDGE, Mass, Dec. 24.-Every
state, nearly all territorial possessions
and fortytwo foreign countries are
represented this year among the 6,073
students enrolled at Harvard Univer-
sity.
New England furnishes about At per
cent of the enrolment, according to
figures announced to-day. From terri
tories come Al per cent and the others
come from states beyond New England.
Among outside countries sending stu
dents to Harvard, Canada leads with
seventy four, China is second with fifty
four and Japan third with twenty.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Court Cites Solomon i'm
Granting Mothers Claim
Iowa Judge Rules Parents Are
Entitled to Know Where
ahO,vta rf ROva

DES MONIES, Iowa, Dec. 24.-Citing
as his authority che decision Of King
Solomon, as recorded in chapter three,
First Book Of Kings, Judge James C.
Hume, of the Supreme Court, to-day
Charles Leiske, of Sheldon, Iowa, are
entitled to know the whereabouts of
their three boys, adopted by the Iowa
Children's Home. The Leiskes want
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25

ing the year by the Committee for the
Diffusion Of Modern French Art.
Twenty-eight other paintings soon are
to be offered to American museums,
the committee announced, twenty-six
of them donated by Otto II. Kahn. The
two others are "Terrasses." by Ma-
meri, the Mussulman painter, the gift
of Marshal Lyautey, official French
carts "Le Port de Mornac."
Among the canvases collected by
Mr.. Kahn is one by Grassin, the artist
who learned to draw with his left hand
after losing his right arm in the war.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
DIR. Lorenz Taking Rest
Will Hold No Clinic Tomorrow
Because of Visit

Dr.. Jacob Sobel. assistant director
Of the Bureau of Child Hygiene, an
nounced yesterday that DR.. Adolf Lor-
enz is spending Christmas with friend
on Long Island and that consequently
there will be no clinic at the Health
Department, sos Pearl Street, to-mor-
row morning.
His next clinic will be at the Brook
lyn Health Department building, Will
loughby and Flatbush avenues, Wednes-
day morning. DR.. Lorenz after to-mor-
row will hold clinics at the Manhat-
tan building each Monday and Friday
and at the Brooklyn building each
Wednesday.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25

their children back, but the home au-
thorities refused to tell their where
abouts, saying that it was not for the
best interests of the children.
Judge Hume held that under the cir
cumstances the home had no legal
authority to adopt the children out.
The right of the parents in their
children ia the paramount issue, Judge
Hume declared.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Pope Receives Cardinals

ROME, Dec. "a (By The Associated
Press Pope Benedict to-day received
the members here of the College of
Cardinals, headed by Cardinal Vannu-
telli, its dean, who presented His Holi-
ness with an address from the college.
Pope Benedict replied in words appro-
pirate to the season.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
Scudder School Girls Give
S3.24O for Armenian Relief

The 165 girls at the Scudder School
pledged S3,240 for the relief of Ar
menian children Wednesday before
they went home for the holidays, and
gave S76.20 besides as spec al Christ
mas gift, it was announced yesterday
by the Near East Relief Committee.
Lady Anne Azgapetian, whose hus-
band is an Armenian general, made the
appeal to them.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
RoebIipg Estate Sl5.355.67l

TRENTON, N. j., Dec. 24.-Value Of
the estate of Charles G. Roebling, of
the firm of John A. Roebling Sons
Company, cable and wire manufactur-
ers, is $15,355,671.32, according to the
executors account filed to-day with
Surrogate Madden. When he died,
October s, 1918, tho estate was worth
$11, ,184, ,140.47, the executors declared,
and to this amount was added more
than $4,000,00O income from invest
ments, sale Of property and other
sources.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25

side has been under government con-
troll, while on the American aide it has
been largely In the hands Of one cor
poration. Buffalo and cities as far
east as Syracuse get sufficient power
and for few industries. but tho bulk
Of power Is used within short dis
tanco Of tho generating plants.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
France Honors 3 Americans

Three American architects, members
of the American Institute of Architects,
have received the Cross of the Legion
of Honor from the French government,
according to word received here yes
terday. They are: Files Bosworth,
Charles Butler and Julian Clarence
Levi
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25
II French Art Works Given
To u. S. and Canada Museums

Seventy-one works of art by living
French artists have been given to mu-
seums in this country and Canada dur
New-York tribune., 1921-12-25

ADVERTISEMENT
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-05-05
@ re d / t
TER m S
Volume 2

We surely regret that it has been
necessary for us to enforce credit
terms on some of our customers.
Financial conditions over which
we have no control forced us to
adopt strict 80 day system. We
published in THE PRODUCE COM
PANY NEWS and also sent out a
large number of circular letters.
Now, when a few of our custom
ers neglected to pay their accounts
we simply had no choice. We have
built up large business and the
cornerstone of our continued sue
cess over a period of more than IL
years has been uniform honesty
and fair dealing. We cannot have
one rule or one price for some GUS
toners and a different rule or a
different price for others. Our
steady growth in an unfavorable
location cannot be explained in any
other way. ....
It is unfortunate that a few Of
our oldest and best customers had
to "get the axe" We fully believe,
however, that they will respect us
for our unwillingness to show par