davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-08-14

BY COL. JOHN McA. PALMER, U.s.A.
TN statement to the press on June
13, 1921. President Harding an
nounced the final establishment
= of a national military policy. The
Presidents language is as follows:
Our present national defense law
establishes an economical and DEM
ocratic military policy thoroughly
consistent with our national ira
ditions. 1t provides for a small
regular Army to be augmented by
great citizen forces in the event OF
national emergency. This is our
traditional military policy. But
whereas in the past these larger
war forces have been extemporfzed
after the occurrence OF an emers
gency, the new law wisely provides
that the framework Of their organ
ization shall be established and de-.
yeloped in time Of peace, in-so- far
as this is practicable through the
voluntary service Of our patriotic
young n,en. The Amy Of the
United States as defined in the new
the National Guard and the organ
ized reserves. Every patriotic
citizen should encourage the de-
velopment of these forces, each
within its proper sphere.
An Epoch In Our History.
From the days of Washington our
Presidents from time to time have
had occasion to point out the dangers
and Inconvenience arising from our
defective military institutions and to
recommend the establishment by Con.
- NJ mn :
t!onal defense. Mr.. Harding, is the
first Of our Presidents who has been
able to announce that this Legislative
task has been performed and that
Congress has at last provided an ade-
quate legal sanction for the perma-
nent organization Of the national de-
Tense.
The character Of the act of Congress
approved June 3. 1920. referred to in
the Presidents statement as our new
national defense law, is not generally
understood. This is largely due to the
fact that its constructive provisions
instead Of appearing as complete new
sections OF law are scattered through
out the pre-existinG national defense
act of 1916 as amepdments here and
there. The important new provisions
though simple in the extreme, are
buried in an enormous mass Of rela-
lively unimportant detail. Those who
have had the time and patience to
segregate and analyze these new pro.
visions are surprised to find that Con-
gress has finally crystallized the mil
itary policy Of the United States. It is
this significant fact that the President
announces to the country.
Our Traditional Military Policy.
1t is our traditional military policy
that we are to MAINTAIN a small regu-
lar or standing army in time of peace
and that this small peace establish
ment is to be augmented or rein-
forced by great armies Of citizen
soldiers when a national emergency
calls for greater forces. The defect
of. our military system in the past
has been that the organisation Of
these larger forces has been deferred
until after the declaration of war.
The experiences of the world war have
shown that even under dire stress
and with the cooperation Of power
full allies. the extemporixation Of such
an organization requires more than q
year with the tremendous waste Of
treasure. and energy that always nc
companies hasty Organization.
The correction Of this fnndazaeatel
Evening star., 1921-08-14
Permanent Military Policy for the u. S.
Is at Last Provided by Act of Congress

/ forcement on the battlefield, a REIN
forcement that could not be effective
until raw resources could be nodded
into trained armies. adequately armed
and equipped and intelligently led.
There was q great army to be formed
and trained, supply system to be or
ganized. lines of communication to be
established over submarine infested
seas and through the congested ports
and highways Of France. There were
thousands of officers. most Of them
still in civil life. who must be trained
and prepared for the multitudinous
and exacting demands of troop lead
ing and military administration, and
perhaps most difficult Of all a central
staff or headquarters must be COL
lected. knit together and adapted to
control the vast military mechanism
as a consolidated whole.
Burden Of Responsibility.
Back of him. indeed. were all of the
resources of a mighty nation and the
loyal support of government and peo-
pie. but without depreciating what
! others did to support him in his task,
! it is safe to- say that no man ever
had upon his own shoulders greater
and more overwhelming burden of
responsibility. No man was ever
called upon before to build so much
in such pressing haste.
And yet in little more than a year
there was an American front in
France. An American army. under
American leaders and through Ameri-
can STAFF control, in elaborately or
ganized offensives. had conquered the
salient of st. Mihiel and had con-.
tributed decisively to the final defeat
Of the enemy in the great battles Of
the Meuse-Argonne., Gen. Pershing
had led victorious army In battle
after achieving the greatest single
feat of organization in the annals Of
mankind. And now the task imposed
upon him Is to preserve that organiza-
tion. SO that the great citizen army
Of the world war shall be a perma-
nent army Of the United States and
not an ephemeral incident in history
like the army Of Grant and Sherman.
The Congress prescribes that the
actual divisions OF the National Guard
and the National Army which took
part In the war shall be localized and
perpetuated, so far as practicable. in
the permanent Organisations of the
Army Of the United States. Our vet
erane citizen soldiers will thus have
an opportunity to. transmit their ex-
perience, their traditions and their
organization to. their younger broth
ers and their sons
Has \ Great Opportunity.
In short, Gen: :Pershing, through
his assignment. under the terms Of
the new law. Is given an opportunity
to perpetuate the framework of the
great Organization that he himself
created. He will be able to leave his
experience to, posterity. not merely
as q historic memory. but as a vital
national institution. prepared to
meet the stress of the next great
war, though it be a hundred years
from now. Future American COM
manders will be spared the burden
Of -hasty organisation that he bore
becaasA It Will be his new task to
see 10 II that the organization that
he. creetsd shall be perpstusted for
IL G40.
Evening star., 1921-08-14

defect was the main problem that
confronted the last Congress in its
program of military legislation. 1t
was apparent that the existing mill
tary system would certainly fail to
meet sudden military emergency
in time. and the experience OF the
recent war had shown that even
when time for extempcrization Is
providentially granted. the cost OF
extemporization threatens national
bankruptcy.
1t was obvious that the new mill
tary legislation should be based on
the principle that the framework OF
the national defense must be sys-
tematically organized in time OF
peace.
A Rejected Measure.
The nrst measure considered by
CONGRESS as a solution Of this funda-
mental problem was the bill sub
mitted by former Secretary Baker
shortly after the armistice. This Dill
proposed military organization IN
time of peace, but in institutiohai
forms hitherto unknown to our po-
litical system. 1t proposed grea'
standing army in time of peace 70
he expanded as such in time OF war.
It did not propose measures for the
Improvement and ultimate perfection
of our traditional citizen armies, but
practically eliminated them as es-
sential features of our military sys-
tenn. The Congress deliberately re-
jected this proposal because 1t In
volved prohibitive cost, because II
provided inadequate preparedness and
because it proposed a military instttu-
ton universally regarded as repugnani
to the genius Of our institutions. 1t
rejected this official proposal, but only
after exhaustive hearings. in which 1t
was apparent that few thoughtful
men, in the Army or out. were able to
give it their approval
Congress Writes Own Law.
With Secretary Bakers War Depart
ment bill thus consigned to the waste
paper basket, the military committees
of the House and Senate were forced
to undertake the difficult task of
drafting and passing a bill of their
own. It is characteristic of the con-
structive craftsmanship of these COM
mittees that their final solution of
this problem was in the direction of
adapting and correcting native
American institutions which have
grown with the national life and not
in adopting novel or foreign institu-
tions. The military policy underlying
the new law IL the traditional mill.
tary policy Of the United States-that
ID, the maintenance Of a small ReEu-
lar Army in time Of peace to be re-
inforced by great armies of. citizen
soldiers; in time of emergency. The
defect of this historic institution as
revealed by the world war was that
in the past We have delayed the orr
ganixation of these citizen armies
until an emergency occurs. The OBJ
vious remedy was simply to provide
tor their organization In time Of
peace. This is the underlying. domi-
mating feature Of the new law. sim
pleas all really great constructive
measures are simple.
The statute includes many subordi-
nate provisions designed to mold the
existing elements OF the military es-
into harmony with the
great pndsfi H. pri1ciIis of tie
=
Evening star., 1921-08-14
MILITARY BOARD NAMED.

Lieut.. Col. William F. Herring
shaw, Capt William H. Middleswart
and 1st Lieut.. Malcolm d. Grimes. all;
of the Quartermaster Corps. have
been appointed a board to meet In
this city and determine the full
market value of the various COM
modities involved In the contract be-
tween the United States and ~
United States Harness Company, -
Evening star., 1921-08-14

law The fact that these provisions.
great and small. are scattered as
amendments throughout the act Of
1916. the fact that the details of or
ganization are left to the executive
and the further fact that until re-
Gently there has been no formal ex-
preston of executive intent with
reference to the execution of the
law. have all combined to prevent
a popular understanding of one of the
most important measures ever enact
ed by an American Congress.
Congress has thus settled the mill
tary policy Of the United States. and
has prescribed that the military or
ganizations required at the outbreak
of war shall be constituted by the
President In time of peace. 1t grants
the President. as constitutional COM
mander- chief. the necessary pow
ers and personnel to accomplish this
organization, leaving the details of
organization to him. Congress has
assigned a great constructive mis-
sion to the President, and the Presi-
dent has accepted it. These two har-
monious acts of the legislative and
executive branches of the govern
ment finally define our military in
stitutions. After more than a GEN.
tury the government at last has
made that provision for the common
defense. which the preamble to the
Constitution proclaimed to be one Of
the primary objects of the Federal
Union.
Gen. PershinE's New Mission.
But the President has done more
than to recognize the wisdom Of an
act Of Congress and to announce a
purpose. Through the Secretary of
War. he has definitely assigned this
great constructive task to Gen. Per-
shing. In announcing the prospec-
tive appointment of Gem Pershing as
chief of staff of the Army, Secretary
Weeks said, in part:
The law requires the chief of
staf to cause to be made by the
War Department general stan the
necessary plans for recruiting. or
ganizing, supplying. equipping,
mobilizing, training and demobili4-
ing tie, Army Of the United States
and for the use Of the military
forces for national defense.
Under this provision of law. 1t Is
the plan of the Secretary OF War
to especially charge Gen. Per-
shing, when he assumes the once
of chief Of stan, with the organi-
zation and training of all elements
of the Army of the United States.
which by law is defined to include
the Regular Army, the National
1t 10 proposed that Gen. Pershing
become actively acquainted with
the various elements of the organ.
ICED reserves and the National
Guard, which would form the
larger part Of the Army which he
would command II active opera
. tions should. be undertaken before
the date Of his retirement or detail
to other duty. ~ -
In view Of Gen. Pershing's new as
signment, 1t may be interesting to re-
view his past achievement with the
view Of pointing out its peculiar rela-
ton to the new problem assigned him
for solution. when he arrived In
Paris in June, 1917, with handful Of
stan officers there were no American
troops In France. Behind him were
the resources of an aroused America
mighty but unorganised. In front
Of him was . critical and I'M
mediate demand 1ors Amexic1n reln-
Evening star., 1921-08-01
History in Stamps.
From the London Times.

From the London Times.
Stamp collecting affords, not in
frequently. a glimpse into unfami1-
lar bypaths of history. both ancient
and modern. Portraits of famous
Cossack hetmen who are Identified
with the history of Little Russia find
place among the designs Of a striking
series Of pictorial postage stamps
issued by the government of the
Ukraine.
The likeness of Bogdan Kheml-
led the Cossack revolt of 1882, and
after vain attempts to establish him.
self as Monarch anu Autocrat of
Rus" finally entered the service Of
the Tsar twenty years later. adorns
the ten grivini stamp, printed in rose
carmine. Ivan Stephanovitch Ma
zeppa, the hero Of Byrons poem. is
portrayed on the next value-viz.,
15gr., light brown. Originally a page
at the Polish court, he escaped after
the discovery of his intrigue with
the wife Of a nobleman to the Ukraine.
where he became secretary to the
hetman samoilowitch. whom he final
ly succeeded in 1857. BY Peter the
Ukraine, but after conspiring with
Charles MI against his benefactor.
he fled to Bender. where he died. in
1909.
Designs constituting a history of
postage stamps to hand from Bel
grade, which are sold at premium
in aid of the national fund for dis
abled soldiers. The first value, 10
paras, red. records an incident Of the
hattie of Kossoyo in 1889, from which
Evening star., 1921-08-01
The Peaceful (7) Countryside.

Prom the Boston Transcript
1t is becoming increasingly difficult
IN Massachusetts to find a rural re-
treat far from the madding crowds
ignoble strife Gone are the days
when
The plowman homeward plods his
weary way
And leaves the world to darkness"
the ploWman is likely to finish
his eight-hcur day by riding home on
the tractor. and borrowing the fiyyer
to go to the movies" while the dark
ness Is intermittent. coming in mo-
ments OF blackness, in the midst of
the glare Of lights on automobiles
that tear by country churchyards at
express-train speed. The lowing herd
may still wind slowly DER the lea"
but 1T is in imminent danger if it be-
takes itself to the highway. Times
have changed. 1.-The cool. sequestered
vale OF life" may be sought in vain in
regions within motoring distance of
the cities. 1t Is suggestive of IRONY
to speak of "the noiseless tenor" Of
anybody's way either in city or coun-
try.
The invasion Of the countryside by
the army Of automobile riders who
have succeeded to the handful who
once rode in chaises, would not be a
thing to be deplored were all the in
vaders law-abiding folk. The great
majority. of course, are good citizens,
but the minority are showing the
ability to cause much loss and trou-
Bile IN the rural regions. and among
them are persons guilty of very Sc
rious crimes.
Evening star., 1921-08-01
"Litrachure. "
Edward Yeomans in the Atlantic MONTH,

Edward Yeomans in the Atlantic Monthly
The class will please take their
readers and turn to page forty-three.
John. what is the subject of the story
on that pageo
Now stand up and read till I tell
you to stop; stand up straight. please.
and hold your book in your right
hand. Speak clearly. hold your head
up. There-that's the first sentence:
now tell US what mood the verb is
in. What is the rule for the subjunc-
tive mood? Can't anybody remember
that? Why, we had it just day before
yesterday. I will write it on the
board; for that is something you must
know before you go on to the next
grade" She writes:
The Subjunctive mood is used in a
subordinate proposition when both
contingency and futurity are ex-
pressed or when the contrary fact is
implied.
The children look at it somewhat
as puppy looks at the house cat
with its back arched and tail inflated:
they look at it reproachfully, and
turn away sadly.
Vow go on reading. please.
There. stop there. Caroline. what
would you say was the particular
feature of this story as far as we
have gomez
Caroline says, We'll. I should call
it-sad-or-I don't know-I don't
care much about it,
"Oh, that's not what I mean" says
the teacher. It mean it's literary fea =
ture. Don't you think it is the way
the adjectiveS are used? Hugh had
a great reputa ton in his day for
adjectives. He seemed to know more
Of them than anybody else. and this
is an excellent example of his style.
And don't you notice, too. how
snort his sentences are? Now. why
did he use such short sentences
Why. every author has his style. and
Hugo chose this as his because he
liked 1t. I was always sorry he did.
Tor 1t makes his writings so Jerky.
DO you know anything else that
Hugo wrote besides this piece we are
reading?''
Nobody knew and there was eyery
chance that nobody ever would know.
They would always read pieces-rare-
ly books. for they were trained to
read pieces.
Evening star., 1921-08-01
PRESIDENT LAUDS WORK
!, KOF LIBRARY FOR BLIND
Director Of National Organization
at Convention in Iowa, Receives
Letter of Commendation.

The work of the National Library
for the Blind is Endorsed by fresiasn. ;ns
Harding in a letter written 10 MIS-
Ttta Josselyn Griffin. director oi .he
organization, in connection win nv
ninth biennial convention OF the
American Association OF "orheis Ao'
the Blind. at Vinton. Iowa.
'sThe idea of a National Library ior
the Blind" said the Presidents letter,
made public here tonight, mas away
seemed a particularly feaslole Snu
considerate method OF serVihs t..,,
ANYTHING else, the privilege OF read
ing means a great deal to them.
'Please express my great SEfnpbthS
and interest to your feilo" Woi hei
in this excellent cause. o,
The library was organized IN s;a. !.
its main object being to provide
literature for the enlightenment ana
entertainment of the blind ana "
furnish them employment in trans
scribing books into Bralile the
most generally used blind aipnapet. I.
A fine collection of books OF all xmas
fiction. history, biography. science
travel, etc.-has been assembled
newcatalogue has just been compiled
giving a complete list of all books
available for circulation, lnclucing
list of musical works, these pelhS
rranscriptions of vocal and lnstru.
mental pieces which the musical blind
can use for their pupils or for concert
work. All of this material is being
published both in a printed catalogue
and in the Revised Braille alphabet
The National Library for the Blind
has made fine progress, it is said.
since it's Incorporation in 1911. due in
great part to Mrs. Rebecca McManer
Celfelt, who provided headquarters at
1879 H street northwest. and funds for
buying books and necessary apparatus.
So marked has been the growth of the
organization that it outgrew these
quarters and is now housed in Il
temporary structure at 1900 D street.
The library recently received a be-
quest of $4,000 by the will of Daniel
Fraser, which is to form the basis
for permanent endowment
Evening star., 1921-08-01
The Javelin and the Discus.

From the Boston Transcript.
In the light of our weakness in
these events in past Olympic contests,
the decision to add thu javelin throw
and discus throw to the 1922 program
Of the Intercollegiate Athletic Assoc
ciation's track meet is wise one. 1t
was somewhat disappointing to see
our athletes, who so brilliantly rep
resented the United States at Ant
werp last summer in the dashes. the
hurdles. and most of the field events.
give way to the Firms and Swedes in
the javelin and discus throws. In the
former, the first four places went to
the sturdy athletes from Finland, the
fifth place to an Esthonian and the
sixth to a Swede. In the discus. we
Jared little better. Americans win
ming third and fifth places. But here
again the redoubtable Firms won first
and second prizes against the COM
petition of the worlds best.
Now that American college athletes
are going to take up the discus and
the javelin in good earnest, our Olym-
pic team should make much better
showing in these two events in 1924
than we did last year. or at any pre-
vious Olympiad. Javelin and discus
Evening star., 1921-08-01

dates the foundation Of Serbian unity.
1t represents the young girl of Kos
sovo. one of the legendary heroines
Of Slavonic folklore, seeking her
betrothed among the slain on the
historic Field of Blackbirds" (after
the celebrated painting by Krstitch.)
The next episode (on the Is paras.
brown) Is six centuries later, ami
perpetuates the memory of the Great
Retreat of 1915. An sallegory Of the
contamination Of the =Yugo-Slav king
dom is typifled on the. IS paras. blue,
by a group composed Of a Serb. a
Croat. and a Slovene. upholding the
national crown
Evening star., 1921-08-01
throwers will be trained in score. Of

throwers will be trained in scores Of
colleges and universities: and here
and there. let us hope, will appear a
prospective Olympic champion. To
win success in modern athletics. long
and scientific preparation is indis-
pensable. For America to enter the
javelin and discus contests in the 1924
Olympiad with fair hopes Of success.
we must now begin our campaign. and
putting these two events in the Inter-
collegiate Athletic Associations pro-
gram is a move, at least. in the right
direction
Evening star., 1921-08-01
Personal Exemption.

From the New York Sun.
Mrs. Henpeck-Hereafter, bring me
your pay envelope as it Is handed
you, unbroken. There's shortage
here. Explain.
Mr.. Henpeck (bravely)-I took out
my car faye and lunch money, which
under the income tax law interpret
as my personal exemption.
Evening star., 1921-08-01
Heard in Court.

From the Boston Transcript.
Judge-You say the prisoner is not
insane, and yet he is not in his right
mind. How is that?
Witness-Lots of people. your hon.
uE> who are not insane are wrong
minded about everything
Evening star., 1921-08-01
Simple Finance,

From the New York Sun.
Lets go in here for luncheon. You
don't have to tip the walters"
"How do they manage it?"
Easy enough. You pay twice as
much for your food"
Evening star., 1921-08-01

Mrs. Mabel r. Brown is rounding
out period of twenty-one years of
continuous service as r. member of
the school board of Portland, Me.
Evening star., 1921-08-01
Briefly.

From the New York Sun.
Attorney-Describe your fight to
the court as briefly as possible.
The battered One-I swung at him
and ! missed. He swung at me and
he didn't miss.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-10-11
Women Voters of
Connecticut To Get
Course in Citizenship

NsW HAVEN. Conn. oct H.
Women voters uf Connecticut viii
have q chance to go tu school this
month FOR q sycoEs intensive course
Boo citizenship. The lessons will br
given iu Yale university class room
and Yale professors and instructors
will give tho courses This will be
tho first school uf tho Kind iu this
state II will open October "a, and
if dccmod successful, similar weeks
of schooling viii bc held from time
tn time. Tho Connecticut Aouguo OF
Woman Voters. Miss Mabel g. Wash
burn. president sponsors the inuora-
ton.
Ouo day will bc given over to in
tyruutiuUll relations. economic. social
and political, and Limitation of urma-
mvutS. another tu tho fundamentals
OF American history, tho principles
and service uf political parties. Eu-
oth"r Co U study Of Connecticut lcgis-
ntiyc processes. party conventions
and oauruscs. another To- city and
town problems
Those who will lead the CLASSES in
Cludc professors who ARE among tho
hest known OF the Val" faculties as
well as among this educators OF the
country.