davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-01-23

A moderate socialist writes in the
Populaire, Paris, attacking the boil
shevist thesis that the capitalistic
system is falling of it's own weight
and that therefore a new system
must be prepared at once to take its
place, AS this theory underlies much
of the doctrine of the 'intellectuaI
revolutionists in all countries, 1t Is
worth while reproducing this argu-
ment tending to refute it:
"At the last congress OF German
communists one member was excluded
from the unanimity. minus one vote
(his own). He had dared to say that
the thesis of an imminent collapse OF
capitalism was not scientifically
proved. This important fact troubled
me somewhat, as I was preparing to
become a communist, SO I have been
irving to discover the reasons for the
Inevitable collapse. Evidently my
sight is not very good, for l could
not discover many.
Taking France as an example, her
position being more or less the same
as other countries, II seems that the
war balance might be summed up in
this way:
"1st, Loss of public fortune through
military destruction and excess of
consumption in relation to production
during the war and after.
these losses are financially COM
pensated for by the acquisitions and
credits Of the treaty Of Versailles and
by mortgages taken on the future
revenue Of the French state (public
the amount Of stock in circulation, is
So manifest that even the finance
minister was illusioned about the in
crease in wealth.
"2d. OF that part OF public fortune
which was not destroyed there has
the pront Of the owners by means of
production and exchange (active cap
italists) to the detriment Of some of
the landlords. Of private individuals
and those holding shares (passive
capitalists). At the expense also of
the workers robbed Of the fruits of
ers: no salaries for the soldiers).
This transfer is not apparent to
everybody, because 1t 10 not made in
q direct and noticeable way. But it's
mechanism has been relatively simple.
While the value OF money was be,
consumption in relation to produc-
tion. the passive capitalists. only re-
ceivtng the same income as before the
war. have become fewer in the same
proportion. Tho active CAPITALISTS. on
ths contrary, arranging their gains
have hued their cash boxes with new
notes created by the state and have
become creditors for the greater part
of the debt.
This shows clearly that the ap--
pearance Of new rich in the place OF
former rich has not changed the
structure of the capitalist world. The
inhabitants Of the house have moved,
but the house Is still there. The In.
for the time being are preserved from
Immediate collapse. There are many
siEns which seem to prove that the
capitalists were not wrong In trying
to gain time in being conhdent that
man deetYuct3one.
"YaY from capitalism being ruined.
it has received through the var IN
Evening star., 1921-01-23
Buyers Again in the Market.

More buyers from inland cities are
in New York today than at any time
for months, it is reported. and PRE-
vival in the spring seem likely to be
fulfilled. Shelves of merchants are
more generally empty than they have
been in long time, and though this
condition has been accomplished in
many instances by a sacrifice of pro-
spective profits, it is healthful con-
dition and promises well for the
future.
Profit-sacrifieing sales of recent
weeks have demonstrated that the
people have the means of buying and
are ready to buy when satisfied that
prices are fair. 1t is not to be ex-
pected that there will be soon another
period Of reckless and needless buy
ing, such as followed signing of the
armistice. and that there should be
is the last thing to be desired. But
the people have many wants which
remain unified, the filling Of which
will make for a broad and substantial
prosperity.
/ At this particular time. therefore,
It is essential that there should be un-
Outstanding and fair-mindedness on
the part of both buyer and seller. Any
attempt to jack prices and profits
back up to the level Of a year ago is
bound to be met by another buyers
strike" resulting in stagnation and
eventually in enforced liquidation and
losses. The buyer, on his part, must
not expect to continue to buy at
prices which do not leave the mer.
chant margin of profit. 1t is to the
interest of the consumer that the mer-
CHANT should reap fair reward for
the service he, renders. just as it is
to the merchant that the manufac-
turer should be adequately recon-
pensed. No one group can prosper
permanently through the losses Of an
other; and with recognition Of this
fact all that is needed is q general
spirit of fair-dealing and confidence
that such q spirit exists.
Evening star., 1921-01-23

turned in lexington at the foot OF q
short hill down which it was speedfhs
too rapidly, jumping the track at Q
curve. There are several of theee
dangerous grades In the city 99wn
which cars have raced with mdsS or
less disastrous results. Certainl,HA Ahe
public safety demands q higher atAnd-
ard Of equipment or service to make
these mishaps wholly avoidable. #
brakes are good. If sand ID Always
available. If motormen are careful,
there is no occasion whatever for these
jumps and bumps.
The Public Utilities Commission
should conduct a searching inquiry
into this accident and should then
take steps to insure the permanent
correction of any faults that may be
found in the operating systems Of
the traction companies that might by
any possibility lead to its repetition.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
A Catechism of the Constitution
BY HENRY LIFCIIFIELD WEST.
Issued BY the National security League
Copyright, 1ele)

@. What are the important dutiel
Of the Senate apart from the enact
ment Of laws?'
A. The Senate is empowered under
the Constitution to sit as a court
when the President is impeached BY
the House of Representatives. When
the President of the United states is
tried the Chief Justice presides, and
no person can be convicted without
the concurrence of two-thirds Of all
the members present. The Senate 10
also a part Of the treaty-making
power, A two-thirds vote of the
senator's present is necessary to ratify
q treaty.
Q. How often shall Congress as
A. At least once in every year,
and such meeting shall be on the
first Monday in December. unless
they shall by law appoint a, different
day. ...... ..-
@. What constitutes a quorum in
the Senate and the House.
A. For ordinary business, a ma
jority.
@. What provision is made in the
Constitution regarding adjournment?
A. Neither House during the ses
sion OF Congress shall without tho
consent Of the other adjourn for more
than three days, nor to any place
than that In which the two houses
shall be sitting. - -; ...---.. - -.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
Children's Room of Public Library
Popular Place With Junior
Citizens of Capital.

write her name. But I can print
it." Yves the reply. so little Mary
Ellen was taken to one of the very
smallest tables, where, with great
but successful efforts she made
her signature. Though only three
years soid. ahe proudly walked out
with her new card and a third
grade reader.
To follow up some OF the requests
of these small boys and girls leads
sometimes TO most amusing dis
closures. For instance. a request
for book on giants developed
IL that the little fellow seeking it
had an idea that If he read a suffi-
: 1ect he might develop some day
into one of that ch-admired
race. An epidemic on books con-
earning chewing gum led to the
discovery that 2 certain teacher
had mated out. as punishment
= to those who INDUCED in that ar
ticlA during school hours. a compo-
sitiol Thoroughly coveelsx the sub
ject in all its phases.
X X y +
The books on out of doors, handi-
craft and hobbies have many in
terested seekers. Sometimes a
child will bring in her pet rabbit,
raised according to Builivant, or
some boy will proudly exhibit a
according to the plans given in
Williams' "How It Is Made! Re-
markable interest is evinced by
quite small boys in electrical books
and some of them have wireless
outfits which they have construct
ed themselves.
During the busy hours the card
catalogue becomes sometimes lost
to view. One child will introduce
red and black letters, and most
of them take particular pride in
being able to look up their own
books. which Is quite boon to
the reference librarian. who is
otherwise kept busy with the
many questioning children who
trail her from pillar to post.
II X y +
While the greater majority of
the children who make use of the
room do not linger after they get
their desired books, still a glance
at the chairs which line the read
ing tables would seem to dispute
the point. Being in the shopping
district, mothers find 1t a very
convenient place to leave the
small children, who are equally
delighted to spend an afternoon
with the Brownies and Goops and
colored animal books. The COM
Portable settees in the center of
the room always have their quota
of deeply absorbed readers curled
up in the corners. Always there
are some of the older boys and
girls who are working up debates
or school papers that require the
reference books. Though the ones
that stay may be in the minority.
they are never anxious to leave.
About the only effectual signal at
closing time is the button that
darkens the room.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
Col. oehiltrse's Republicanism.

Col. Tom Ochiltree's name was men.
toned the other day. How did it come
about that he, an ex-Confederate SOL
der Of democratic antecedents and liv-
ing in democratic state. affiliated
with the republicans?
AS the story goes, the colonel one
day, somewhat in a spirit Of mischief,
engaged an aspiring young democrat
in an argument, and insisted on proof
Of the bolder Of the young mans too
confident assertions. He pressed him
closely, and much to the young
mans embarrassment. Finally. the
young man, psttled and discounted,
said: "Col. Tom. why are you not an
avowed republican? You state that
side Of the case more strongly than
the republicans themselves; and you
have talked me to a standstiil. It
can't be Q lack Of nerve, for you are a
dead game man. What's the answer?"
This nettled and discounted the
colonel; and when alone later he com.
muned with himself. What was the
answer? He was fond Of politics, read
a great deal on the subject. and when
visiting in New York and elsewhere
in the east. had been thrown socially
with prominent republicans. Had he
unconsciously been absorbing repub-
lican doctrines, until he could talk
like a republican and rout a demo.
cFat in a discussion?
The suggestion intrigued him. He
puzzled over 1t, until at last he made
the discovery that his political views
had undergone a change. and he de.
cided that he owed it to himself to
confess the change. Which he did.
So that the result Of the colonel's
little adventure was not to talk the
young man out of the democratic
party. but himself into the republican
party. where he remained for the rest
Of his life.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
An Important Post.
From Manila:.

4
saGoyernor General Francis Borton
Harrison of the Philippines announced
today that he will leave the Philip
pines for the United States March 27.
He will make the trip via the Suez
canal and London"
The governor generalship Of the
Philippines has. always been an i'm
portant post. Our appearance in the
islands was an event in that part Of
the world. and the necessity for carry
ing ourselves there with as much sue.
cess as possible perfectly plain.
In this appraisement Of the situa-
ton President Mckinley sent Mr.. Taft
from the federal bench at Cincinnati
to the scene, and Mr.. Taft acquitted
himself so well he earned and re-
ceived promotion to the War Depart
ment here at home. And he passed
from the War Department, to the
presidency. -
The post is Of more importance now
than ever. Unrest Ii as marked in
the orient az in the occident. 1t ex-
lists in China. in Japan and in the
Philippines. and authority. in the
Philippines in particular. needs to be
In thoroughly competent hands
For this reason Governor General
Harrison's successor should be a first.
rate man in point both Of ability and
experience in public affairs. He will
face at the start an active desire for
Philippine independence. expressed
under Filipino leadership.
But whether our further stay in
the islands Is short or long. while we
do stay our record should continue
one Of friendship for the people of
the archipelago and capable guar.
dianship Of their interests. We owe
1t to them and to ourselves to give
them of the best that is in us.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
Smoking in Offices.

Much discussion has been aroused
by the proposal to prohibit smoking
in the government departments. 1t
is pointed out that provision of law
that has been drafted will not ahate
the danger Of fire wholly. inasmuch
as it refers to buildings owned by the
government, whereas large per-
centage Of government Offices are in
rented structures. This, Of course, is
easily cured by the use Of the phrase
owned or occupied Be that as it
may. the question still stands whether
the United States should make non
smoking a stipulation Of government
service and also whether it should ap.
ply to every person in the entire serv,
ice from top to bottom. Under the
terms of such q statute all callers to
the government buildings would have
to stop smoking before entering. This
would affect the executive Offices as
well as the Post Office, or the Interior
Department. 1t would apply to the
Capitol, in point OF fact. OF course,
it may be in contemplation in franz
ing the law to draw a distinction be-
tween the legislative and executive
branches. or perhaps to draw the line
between the actual legislators and the
congressional clerks. These points
are suggested merely to show the
difficulties in the way of non-smok.
ing statute. In respect to the proposal
that certain rooms be set aside in the
departments for smoking purpose, to
be used in the 'rest hours" 1t has
been pointed out that in most Of the
offices there are no such hours. This,
of course, could be obviated by putting
all the departments on a uniform
basis. Certainly as long as there 10
no ban there will be smoking. And
quite as surely If there is a ban there
will be surreptitious smoking, and
there may be more danger in the lat
ter than in the open practice. One
definite means Of lessening the risk
is to clear away all trash and fire.
making materials. There will still
remain the waste baskets. and this
goes to show that the problem of re-
ducing the governments fire risk IL
hard to solve.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
Whom the Gods Would Destroy.

If it was a mad Germany which
plunged the world into the most de-
structive war of all time, it is appar-
ent that the war did not cure the Ger
mans of their madness.
In a cable dispatch published on an
other page Of today's Star, Maxi
milan Harden: the one German
journalist whom the kaiser could not
awe into prOclaiming falsehoods,
paints a picture of conditions In Ger
many and Of the German attitude OF
mind calculated to put a damper on
any disposition by her late enemies
to ameliorate in any degree the harsh.
ness of the terms of peace. II the
peace terms are softened it will be be-
cause the allies think their own inter-
ests will be best served thereby; Ger
many's course certainly does not make
for easier terms through sympathy.
Harden tells a story Of national de-
ceit and wantonness almost unbelieV-
able. Craft and lies. he says, are glor-
flied as patriotic service, and while
hungry, unclad children beg for bread
IAN army Of officials, undreamed In
kaiser times, draw salaries. Vast sums
are spent for champagne, needless
luxuries are imported, and there are
more balls, dances and gluttonous
feasts than before the war"
1t is not difficult to understand the
reaction caused in the minds of the
thrifty French people by such a state
of affairs. They are bearing a heavy
burden Of taxation for restoration Of
the devastated regions, while the Ger
mans, whose duty 1t is to restore these
regions, squander their wealth and
claim they cannot pay. Such a eendii
ton cannot much longer continue to
exist. The BRAND ministry must rem
edy It, or 90 the way Of its predeces-
sors. Harden recognizes this when he
says that the BRAND ministry is prob
ably the last attempt at i friendly and
digni1ed understanding. Failing such
an understanding he apparently fore
sees the deluge.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
POLITICS AT HOME
Bayard and Carlisle.

Two months ago the names Of Sen
ator Lodge, Senator Knox and Senator
New figured prominently in cabinet
speculation. Today, save for a very
recent revival Of suggestion respect
Ing the first.named. none Of the three
is mentioned in that connection. They
prefer their present places.
! A transfer from the Senate to q cab
met place has not always operated to
the advantage Of the man transferred.
Take the case of Thomas F. Bayard.
He had been in the Senate for years,
and very striking and influential
figure there. He had cherished presi-
Dental aspirations, and with good rea-
son, for he was very much admired.
But he lost his hold on his party-al-
most his ndividuality-from the day
he entered Mr.. Cleveland's cabinet.
His cabinet services were not con-
spicuously successful, and he was not
happily assigned later AZ ambassador
to Great Britain. 1t was while serv-
ing in London that he made a speech
about his countrymen which gave
much offense and provoked much criti-
cism at home. Had he remained in the
Senate he would have continued to the
end Of his career one Of his party's
most potent advisers.
The case of John g. Carlisle is an
other in point. After distinguished
service in the House-three times
Speaker-he' was elected to the Sem
ate. but had hardly shaken down in
his now place when Mr.. Cleveland
tempted him with the Secretaryship
Of the Treasury. Some Of his friends
opposed acceptance, on the score that
in the Senate he was in a field most
favorable to the exercise Of his emf
nent ability. But he yielded, and his
influence on party matters declined
from that time. At the end of four
unquiet and unhappy years he passed
into private life. and was never heard
Of politically again. The loss extend
ed beyond his party, for he was one Of
the most intellectual men Of his period
and a diligent student of government.
Had he remained In the Senate he
would have become his party's leader
there.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
The Democratic Party.

The democratic party down and out?
Down. undoubtedly. but not out. Great.
ly dishsured. but still in the ring. And
still with hope. Observe:
Tammany got an awful wallop in
November, but is already pulling it.
self together for next falls mayoralty
campaign. Leader Murphy's tone is
that Of q man not on speaking terms
with despair. He is getting ready to
try again.
The friends Of Mr.. McAdoo, with
eyes fixed on 1924. are active. II pos.
sible, they want to possess themselves
of the democratic national organiza.
ton. II Chairman White resigns soon
there IL some expectation that he
willie McAdoo man will be among
the contestants for the place.
Mr.. Bryan is moving. Indeed, he
is never still. He and his brother, who
is his second in command, are stirring
up the faithful. The Bryan program,
according to announcement, includes
"curbing the piracy Of proflteers.
elimination Of government extrava.
gance, and restoration of popular
rule" A little vague, but it may do az
q starter.
The Texas senate, by a unanimous
vote, has invited Henry Watterson to
address the legislature on the political
issues Of the day; and former Senator
Bailey hopes Mr.. Watterson will i'm.
prove tho occasion Ito tell US how to
return to old.time democracy, and re.
gain some Of the states rights we lost
during the war"
Popular rule" as used by Mr..
Bryan, and states rights" as used
by Mr.. Bailey, are synonymous terms
So we have these two men. SO Ions
and 20 far apart on democratic doc
trine, at last speaking the same
language and advocating the same
party procedure. .t
Evening star., 1921-01-23

Mr.. Charles NJ. Schwab did not col.
lect the dollar a year that was due him
for his services to the government
during the war. There would be less
anxieties in the minds Of congress.
men concerning the wages Of EN-.
pioyes If captains Of industry could
abe persuaded to forego all compensai
ton and put in portions Of their time
as government clerks. 49,.
Evening star., 1921-01-23
Playthings for the World

the imports were ss.G77.330 and ex-
ports $3,061,s00, and continuing at
that rate will probably aggregate
$11.613.000 for the imports and 1854
900 for the exports at the end Of the
current calendar year.
1t has been explained to the commit
tee that when the war cut off the Ger
man foreign trade In dolls and toys the
Japanese industry was rapidly developed
and with the return to peace has held 2
to the cslluloid toy industry II is
pointed Out: that Japan monopolizes
the world supply Of camphor. which
is the principal raw material in cell
luloid manufacture.
Germany. with a rate Of exchange
foreign field on a large scale. and Is
winning an increasingly large pro-
portion Of the trade in this country.
as compared with japan.
japan is now the leading competitor
Of the United States in the foreign
markets for toys. The
Household Japanese industry is
Industry. stare st IN with the nc household ssnon
tion OF celluloid. porcelain and metal
toys Of the higher grades. Clay, rub
ber. wood. cotton and paper are ma
terials used. The exports Of toys from
Japan in 1919 were valued at ss,4s1.-
216. the United States being the prin-
cipal market, taking $2.s67.3Sl worth
Prior to the war toy-making in Ger
many and other European countries
was largely a.household industry. but
has been ssuppIanted by the factory
system to some extent in France.
Sweden. Denmark, Spain. Belgium and
other countries. France excels in
exquisite dolls and artistic toys. The
increase in the export trade OF France
since the outbreak OF the war, how
ever, has been confined to toys with
out mechanical movements.
In contrast to the industry in Eu.
rope. the war accelerated rather than
demoraiized toy making in the United
States. The American industry IL con-
fined to the factory system. produc.
ing machine made. scientifically stand
ardized dolls and toys from abundant
which under present conditions. the
trade investigators OF the federal
bureau Of foreign and domestic COM
merce say cannot be duplicated
1t is no longer a seasonal industry
producing novelties for the holiday
trade. but manufactures an infinite
variety of useful and ingenious ar
tcles of great value in the physical
development and education OF chill
dren,
Evening star., 1921-01-23

Emma Goldman and Alexander
Berkman are dissatisfied with soviet
government. They are probably dis
appointed in the fact that so much
time has elapsed without developing
an inclination on the part Of Lenin,
and Trotsky to abdicate in their favor. :.