davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
TRUCK ACCIDENT FATAL
 By Associated Press

Montgomery. July 2.-George Gun ter, IT, is dead and Herbert St. John and Hugh McDade are suffering from serious injuries received. when truck on which they were riding overturned this afternoon few miles out of Montgomery. Gus Weaver, another occupant of the truck, was slightly injured in the accident
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
UNDERGoEs OPERATION

Tuscaloosa, July 2.-(Special. )--- Edward Doty, editor of the Tusca- loosa News, underwent an operation at a local infirmary this afternoon as a result of injuries sustained in an automobile accident in Birning- ham a few days ago. MT. Doty has been suffering a great deal since the accident, and late today it was found necessary for an operation to be per- formed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03

at it's destination too late on account of a strike of post office employees.
 What in thun- der is the connee- ton between these two facts? ?'' de- mands my aston . .ished reader ap- grily.
 They are symp- toms showing that Europe is under the sway of old Ideas, Is under the s,Uav of forca and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
BONDS ORDERED RETURNED
 By Associated Press

Washington. July 2.--Alien proper- ty custodian E. Miller was ordered today by Justic Ritz. of the District of Columbia supreme court, to return to Countess Won Bernstorff, wife of the former German ambassador to the United States stocks, bonds and cash amounting to S1.0O0.0oo, which was seized under the trading with the enemy act.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
KILLED BY TRAP GUN

Greenville. $. C. July 2.-E. F. Os- teen. 36, a grocer on the Easter Bridge road, near here, was almost instantly killed today by the dis charge of a shotgun ingeniousiy arr ranged in his store to stop burglars. The shotgun was connected with Q cord running behind the counter. MT. Osteen went into the store for a package of cigarettes and forget .king about the device. struck the cord and received the full charge of the gun in his body.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
THE WEATHER

Washington, July 2.-Following Is the weather forecast for Alabama and Mississippi Partly cloudy weather, with scattered thundershowers sun- day and Monday.
 Georgia: Local thundershowers Sunday and probably Monday; little change in temperature.
 Tennessee: Partly cloudy weather. with scattered thundershowers Sun- day; Monday showers and thunder storms, cooler by Monday night n west portion.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
NEPHEW OF LINCOLN DIES
 By Associated Press

Springfield, III, July 2.--Edwin T. smith, 6S, nephew of Abraham Lin coin, is dead as result of injuries received when he was struck by an automobile. FS-- mother, Mrs. Anne Smith, and Mrs. Lincoln were sisters. His father, c, M Smith, was known as the Merchant Prince" of Spring. field. It was in the rear of the Smith store that Lincoln wrote his first in- augural address,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03


 dently. But the United States was unprepared f IT war and her greet financial, military and 1 n d u s t r 1 al power. which 1t was my mission to coo d In a { e with ours. was hardly organized. But together we were laying the corner stone for a great edifice. Be . fore the Washing ton monument we
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
MUCH GOOD GAINED. THROUGH VICTORY. BEING SWEPT AWAY
Final Benefits to World of Peace May Yet Come Out of Turmoil,
 Says Tardieu
By ANDRE TARDIEU Former French High Commissioner to
 America

Special Correspondent to The Age-HeraId
 Copyright, 1891. by The Age-Herald)
 Paris, July 2.-(Special. )---Inde- pendence day, which the United States celebrates Monday, and in which France joins wholeheartedly, invites us, as all anniversaries do, to look <.ck to the past for better understanding of the present.
 July. {. 1917-The United States had just entered the World war. un-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
MAKE LONG FLIGHT RY Associated Press

St Louis, July 2s-Lieut. R. P. App plegate of the United States navy, accompanied by a local youth, ar rived here this afternoon in a hydro airplane. having flown from Pensa- cola, Fla, in IS hours and 10 min utes. The fliers followed the shore of the Gulf of Mexico and the course of the Mississippi river.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
EUROPEAN NATIONS. WILL NOT WORK FOR
 A UNITED COUNTRY
Statesmen BlindIy Refuse to Recognize the Changed Order in the World, and
 Are Selfish
By MAMMALIAN HARDEN
 Germany's Foremost Publicist Fly Wireless Dispatch to The Age-Hcrnid

Copyright. 1921, by The Age-Herald)
 Berlin. July 2.-(Special.) )-Vis- count Hayashi, ambassador at the court of St. James, who having a better knowledge of Europe than any other Japanese, is accompany ing Crown Prince Hirohito on his tour, has doubtless read in Eng fish papers that Germany officially has declared in Peking that she would not consider herself bound by the treaty of Versailles, unless compelled.
 Directly after this he hears that a papal bull reviving the old bishopric
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
FROM 92 TO SNOW,
 TW0- DAY RECORD

Idaho Falls. Idaho. July 2.-A drop from s2 degrees two days ago to . snowstoPm today was reported from Heise and Amoon. near here. An inch ef snow fell at Heise.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
KILLED IN AMBUSH By Ass0ciatad Press

Dublin, July 2.-An official mes sage states that sergeant and a constable were killed and four con- stables wounded, two of them seri- ously, when they were ambushed at Cola, County Limerick, today.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
wANDERER DIES JULY 2o.

Chicago. July 2.-Carl Wanderer, convicted slayer of his wife, his un- born child. and "a ragged stranger" is san, jury in Judge Davids' court decided today Judge Davids sem fenced Wanderer to be executed on July 29
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
CONVENTION IS RATIFIED By Associated Press

Warsaw, July 2.-The military con- vention between Poland and Rou- mania was ratified by the Polish Diet yesterday despite the opposition of the socialists. The convention was signed by delegates of the two coun- tries last March.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
DIES AT AGE OF 100. By Associated Press

Knoxville, Tenn, July 2.-"Grand- ma" Whitehead, aged 100 years and two months, died at her home in a remote section of Blount county Wed- nesday night and was buried Thurs day
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
WALCOTT WILL ACCEPT
 By Associated Press

Dover, Del. July 1.-United States Senator Walcott announced today that he would accept the appoint ment of chancellor of Delaware.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03

r. z. HARLEE will tell you of the splendid performance of the Chandler Six he bought from Parker.--Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
ON YOUR VACATION

Let The Age Herald follow you and j our family wherever you go.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
BIRMINGHAM WEATHER

Partly cloudy today with scattered thundershowers. Little change in tenn perature.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03
Result Inevitable

Carpenter was first to enter tho 1s-foot pugilistic amphitheatre at 2:57 D. m. He wore gray silk bath robe over his white silk trunks and smiled and watched an airplane fly ing overhead with the utmost un- cncern. At D. m. sharp the cham pion followed, wearing dark maroon coat sweater and white trunks. Man ager Deschamps was fussy about the bandag ging on Dem?sey's hands which was twice as heavy as that
 tcont,nu~d on Page rwsl
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-07-03

-lcnntinued on Page TwO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-27

IMMEDIATE POSSESSION.
In most desirable location: 1909 Phelps
place. one block west from Conn. ave. and
St NV. Has practically three exposures.
Eleven rooms, three baths. Thoroughly mod
ern in every respect and may be secured
under lease to Sept 81. 1921. at monthly
rental Of $3.50.
THE F. H. SMITH CO.,
8l5 18th st. NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-27

STONELEIGH COURT,
Conn. Ave. and L st.
For lease-A few desirable
housekeeping and non-house-
keeping apartments; restaurant
Inquire Office.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-27

bath; private home; occupancy
31st. 2o*
NEAR 18th AND COL ROAD-Transients;
large: south; steam heated: nemi-private bath
Address Box 143-D. Star ONCE.
1901 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE. N.W.-Front
room: electric lights: 1adiea or gentlemen. 2ss
1921 COLUMBIA ROAD-Three rooms includ-
ing furnishings. for housekeeping; $50 month
iy: two. $50. 2Ss
1907 QUE sT.-IArxe second floor front room:
clean and comfortable; electricity. 2ss
1854 KENYON ST. N.w.--Comfoftable rooms
for transient or permanent guests. 29s
Thirteen Two Conn. Ave.
2nd and Bird floor front rooms; equipped for
or 3; SIS per month each; electric lights,
parlor. phone. maid service.
3e4O NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE. N.W.-Brixht,
warm room; southern exposure; second floor
adjoining bath: h..w.h.: electric lights.
1873 CLIFTON ST.-Attractive room; second
floor: two Windows: phone.
Is Bird ST. Niche large room; furnished
for housekeeping: owner; 80 per week.
73l ROCK CREEK ROAD-LArge south front
$25; two refined ladies. employed; modern; well
kept: privileges: board nearby. Col ss18-J.
SO MASS. AVE. N.W.-LArye front room.
suitable for two gentlemen.
o04 II ST. N.W.-LarEe front room: reason
1224 18th ST. N.W.-A single and double
zcm: south side; constant hot water; parlor;
32y: walking distance: desirable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-27

THE MARTHA WASHINGTON,
1901 Conn.,, cor. Que.
Hotel service at reasonable rates.
Excellent food. North 1894. 28e
ON COL ROAD. IN FINE BUILDING. FIVE
rooms and bath; all outside rooms; completely
furnished. including linen and silver, &225.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CO.,
/ W. W. Stuart. VIM. q. Lipscomb
616 Conn. ave. Main $50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-27

17l7 S ST. N.W.-Three large
bright interconnecting rooms,
with bath, tasteful new furni-
ture, complete, as combination
bed-sitting room; each suitable
for two gentlemen, or will rent
en- suite. Electricity, hot-water
heat unlimited phone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1921-01-27

100 NEWTON PLACE NV
Gentleman; nicely furnished
southern exposure room; next
bath; private home; occupancy
31st. 2o*
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
MORTGAGE SAFE

WHEREAS: Fred A. Slater and Lera
slater husband and wife. of Alma. Michigan.
made and executed certain real estate mort
gage bearing date the 18th day of August
y. ID. 1920. 90 the Little Rock Coal Co. n
corporation Of the same place. which was
recorded in the office Of the Register of
Deeds OF Gratiot County. Michigan, on the
ltth day of August A. ID. 1920. in Liber
l46. of MORTGAGE, on page 400: and
WHEREAS. said mortgage was by said
Little Rock Coal Co.. "A corporation. on the
18TH day of August, a. ID. 1920. assigned 10
lh~ First State Bank, corporation Of
Alma, Michigan which said assignment was
corded 10 the office of the Register Of
Deeds. aforesaid in Liber 1873 of mortgages
on page 525 and
WHEREAS; The amount now due and I'M
paid upon said mortgage is the sum of four
thousand dollars Of principal two hundred
sixty nine dollars and eleven cents of
interest; fourteen dollars and sixty seven
cents taxes for the year 1920 totaling four
thousand two hundred eighty three dollars
and seventy eight cents together with an
attorney fee of thirty five dollars as pro-
vidod by the statute and the terms Of said
MORTGAGE, and all COTS OF foreclosure pro-
coedinCs: and
WHEREAS: Default has been made in the
terms and conditions Of said mortgage and
m the payment of the money secured there
~ and that no suit or proceeding at law
has been instituted % recover said debt or
any part thereof, secured by said mort
yavc;
NOW THEREFORE: Notice is hereby Civ
en- that by virtue of the power Of SALE con-
tanned in said mortgage. and in pursuance
" the statute in such case made and pro-
vdcd. the said mortgage will be foreclosed
by sale OF said promi o. at public
vcndue to the highest bidder. at the North
front door of the Court House. at Ithaca
Michigan, on the Dist day of October, A.
ID. 1921, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, that
being the place of holding the Circuit
Court for Gratiot County said mortgaged
premises being described follows:
Lots fifteen. sixteen. thrty-four and
thirty-fivc of Grace Sharrar Addition 60 the
City Of Alma. Michigan. according TO the
recorded plat thereof.
Dated. Alma Michigan. July 27th 1921
FIRST STATE BANK, a Corporation
Assignee of said mortgage.
CHARLES II. GOGGIN.
Attorney for Assignee
business Address: Alma. Michigan. l0-l3w
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
SCHOOL REPORT

Report for Arcadia District No. ;.
Report for month ending Sept. 30.
Number Of days taught 20.
Total attendance 59S.
Average daily attendance 20.
Total enrolment 81.
Percentage Of attendance 1872.
The following received certificates
for being neither absent nor tardy:
Raymond Prefer, Rowland and Roy
Nestle, Vera and Kenneth Bradford,
Agnes and Fred Duckworth, Madeline
Clearhout.
Howard Duckorth and Roy Nestle
received 100 in spelling last Friday.
Virgil Dalrymple, after two weeks
absence, has returned to school.
Monday, following a visit from Mrs.
Shepard, we will start a health cru
sade.
There are nine little folks in our
first grade.
Freda Bellies, teacher
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
HEARING CLAIMS

STATE OF MICHIGAN Probate co,.,
Tor the County Of Gratiot
At session of said court held M the Pro
bate Office IN the village of Ithaca. IN said
county. on the 23rd day of September l92I
resent Hon James &. Kress. Probate
In the matter Of the estate Of
m NORMAN +. COFFIN. Deceased.
ne above estate having been admitted to
Probate and Dr. /. n. Brainard of AImo
"i.h't"n' app9inted administrator thereof,
IL Is ordered. that four months from tb;s
date be allowed for creditors 10 present the;S
cams against said estate and that such
claims VIII be heard by said court on
W Wednesday, the 25th day of January. 1900
at ten o'clock in the forenoon.
u II further ordered. that public notice
thereof be given by publication of this order
Tor three successive weeks previous To said
cay Of hearing, in the Alma Record. a news
paper printed and circulated in said county.
true copy.
laiencd JAMES C. KRESS.
MILDRED T. TAFT '''''e'
REGISTER OF Probate roa,.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
ELY DISTRICT

Virgil Dalrymple returned last Fri
day from Jackson where he has been
spending a few days.
Mr.. A. +. Nestle suffered severe
attack with his heart last Wednesday.
He is much better at this writing.
A number Of friends and neighbors
gathered at Mrs. Nina Campbcl's
last Saturday to help her celebrate
her 10Th birthday.
Mr.. S. Dalrymple left Tuesday
morning for Ann Arbor. He expects
to have an operation for cancer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry loft of Elwell
visited at Alfred Nestle's one evening
last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Guy Smith and family
Of Owosso visited at the formers sis
ter, Mrs. r. D. Bradford, one day last
week.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
SOUTHEAST COE

Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Maurer Of
Charleston visited over the week end
here with Mr.. and Mrs. Levi Burge.
Sunday they all went to Alma and Wis
tied with Alya Beals and wife at the
Arcadia Hotel for short time.
Elder kimberling was called to
Shepherd Sunday to preach funeral
sermon.
Mrs. Mary Byers spent two DAYS
last week visiting at the home Of Mrs.
I. Johnson.
Will Johnson has rented his farm
and Will move to Shepherd soon.
Fred Gay and son, Verne, have
rented the c. d Alexander farm and
will move there soon.
Mrs. VIII Goodenough is reported
as being somewhat better this week,
but is still unable to be at the store.
Ella Leonard visited at the home of
Mrs. Blanch Leonard and Mrs. Fred
Gay for few days last week.
Elder kimberling preached his first
sermon Of his third year at Coe or
Sunday.
Ella Leonard was taken quite i'll
Saturday afternoon but was much i'm
proved in health by Monday.
Mrs. VIII Acker is nursing typhoid
fever patients here.
Mrs. George Culver's mother Of Al
ma, who have been visiting here for
the past week, has returned to her
home.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
NESTABURG

Charles Stuber, who went - c,Io
man 10 teach school, autoed here =
spend the week end visiting at the
home OF Lawrence Upper and Jollis
Hare. lie became suddenly in and
passed away at the home of Mr. TIM
per on Monday causing q shock -
relatives and friends.
The Nestaburg school was closod
Monday Tor a period Of three weeks
10 guard against the spreading Of
scarlet fever, as scarlet fever has an
pcared at the home Of Mr. scott
whose children attend this school
Mr.. and Mrs. George Wood Of Alma
spent the week end here with their
son, Myron, and daughter, Mrs. Daniel
Bollinger.
Percy Scott and Miss Myra Avery
poth OF Nestaburg We're married Tues
day September p, by Rev. William
Roberts at the Presbyterian manse in
ithaca IN the presence of Nate Scott
brother Of the groom, and Miss Lo
Dema Dolof Of Vestaburg.
$3.50 W 81 1tOIEG ADGU nave
returned home from their automobile
trip to Fort Wayne, Indiana. with
their son, Harold, and friend. Harry
Horton, whom they took to that place
to enter a business college. Enroute
home they visited relatives at Cold
water.
Mrs. Jennie Caszatt has returned
home after spending several weeks al
her girlhood home near Grand Ran
ids.
Mrs. Maggie Hamlin and Mrs. !
Ruthruff of Edmore were Thursday
visitors Of Mrs. VIM. Carts.
Mrs. George Wood Of Alma called
on Mrs. VIM. Carts Saturday.
Word has been received from Lam
sing announcing the marriage of Miss
Georgia mgold to Stanley w. Geisel
at the Plymouth Congregational
church, Thursday, September p. Rev.
Edwin Bishop performed the cere-
mony.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
MORTGAGE SALE.

Whereas. Elizabeth kruger. of Alma Mich.
,E"H MADE ana secuted certain MORTGAGE
bearing date IA, LIST day of July. A.D 1919
10 >. Martin BInklcy. of Alma. Nichivan
Nhlcn was recorded in the office of the reV-
isl"r OF deeds of the county of Gratiot on IN.
IN day Of Dccembor. AID. 1919. at O'Clock
An, IN lihcr li6 az mortgages. on page l46
and whereas, the amount claimed 10 be
o"e and unpaid upon said MORTGAGE at the
GATE of this notice is the sum of 81 ESQ o.
and no suit or proceeding has been Instituted
az law 10 recover the debt now remaining ee-
cured thereby. or any part thereof:
ANA whereas. default has been made H.
tn' p"ynent az taxes and the money secured
by SAID mortearc whereby the power of sale
c"ntaiHed therein has become operative:
Now, Therefore, notice is hereby given
that 10y virtue of said power of sale. and in
pursuance thereof and the statute in UGH
80. nlau" and provided. the said mo-. -
VIII be toreclo-Cd by sale Of the mortpagei
premises. at public vendue 10 the highest b,a
der. az the front door of the court house nj
Ithaca, IN said county or Gratiot, that being
the place OF holding the circuit court within
a'd county, on the 3lst day of October. AID
1871, ~ ten O'Clock i'm the forenoon the
description of which said premises contained
"a said mortgage Is follows: Lot Number
Nine. Grace Sharrar Addition 10 the CITY OF
Alma, Michigan, according 10 the recorded
llat thereof
Dated August 4. 1921
MARTIN BINKLr--
3AHLKE & BRAUN. Nor ..o
Attorneys for Mortvagce u1ev
business Address: Alma. Michigan.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
LEGAL NOTICES
'TATE or MICHIGAN The

STATE OF MICHIGAN Probate Court
Tor the County of Gratiot
AT a session of said court held at the Pro
bate office In the village of Ithaca in said
county. on the Sth day OF September. A. d.,
1927.
Present; Hon. James C. Kress. Judge of
Probate
IN the matter of the estate Of
LEROY VAN DE MARK, Deceased
Esther Van De Mark having filed i'm said
court hcr petition praying that the admins
ir"tion of said estate be granted 10 William
\ Bahlke of Alma. Michigan, or 10 some
other suitable person,
II Is ordered. that the eth day Of October.
a. d. 1921 ut ten o'clock in the forenoon. M
'aid probate office be and is hereby appoint
ed for hearing said petition:
j. further ordered that public notice
thereoi be given by publication of a copy
oi inns order, once each week for three
,uoc.ssife weeks previous TO said dav of
hearlng, IN the Alma Record, n nevsnaner
,fnted and circulated in said county.
\ true copy. LANES - EDrcc
MILDRED r. TAFT. .Iudes 90 49,
Register of Probate y, ~.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
MORTGAGE SALE

WHEREAS r. II. Doane. single of Alma
Michigan. made and executed certain real
estate MORTGAGE. bearing date the lst day of
june A. d. 1920. 10 Edward H. Wolfe and
wife. Abbie II. Wolfe. Of the same place,
which was recorded in the office of the
REGISTER OF Deeds. OF Gratiot County, Mich
igan. on the attn day Of June, A. ID. 1920
in Liber lt6 OF mortgages, on page $40. and /:
WHEREAS: Tho amount due and un-
paid upon said mortgage il three thousand
two hundred dollars Of principal sixty four
dollars interest seventy nine dollars and
evenly seven cents taxes for the year 1920,
totaling three thousand three hundred and
forty three dollars and seventy seven cents /:
together with attorney fee Of thirty five
dollars a. provided by statute and the terms
Of said MORTGAGE. and all costs of foreclosure
procccdinls. and:
WHEREAS: Default has been made in the
terms and conditions Of said mortgage and in
the payment of money secured thereby and
that no suit or proceeding at law has been
instituted 20 recover said debt any part
thereof secured by said mortgage;
NOW THEREFORE: Notice is hereby
given that by virtue of the power Of sale
contained In said mortgage. and in pursu-
ancc Of the statute in such case made and
provided the said mortgage will be fore
closed by a sale Of said premises at public
vendue 90 the highest bidder. at the North
front door Of the Court House, at Ithaca,
Michigan on the Both day of December. a.
ID. 1921. at 10 O'Clock in the forenoon. that
being the place of holding the Circuit Court
for Gratiot County. said mortgagcd premises
being described follows
All Of the South East quarter Of Section
Eighteen lying North and West Of Pine Riv-
err. being 100 less, Township
Eleven North. Range Three West MICHIGAN.
EDWARD H. WOLFE,
ABBIE II. WOLFE
Dated. Mortgages
Alma. Michigan.
October lst. A. ID. 1921
CHARLES VI. GOGGIN,
Attorney for Mortgages. 20.l3c
Business Address Alma, Michigan.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06

lhe saying thin MS "A rail" does
not refer TO fence rail, as is com.
monty supposed, but to the bird known
us rail. The rails, of which there
are several species In this country,
i've In marshes and have extremely
compressed bodies so that they may
Unread their way between reeds and
rushes.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1921-10-06
TOWN LINE

II. Church is reported as no bet
ter at this writing.
Miss Mildred McCully visited the
Wright school Friday.
Mrs. Eliza Whitcraft was on the
sick list last week
Mrs. Ivah Whtcraft and daughters
and Miss Mildred McCully were call
INK on friends in Alma Saturday.
Miss Ida Huff is visiting friends in
this vicinity.
Willis Lemon Of Lansing is visiting
friends here.