davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
Says AMERICA NOT PARTY
TO VERSAILLES TREATY
Not Entitled to Benefits to BE De-
rived From Pact, Declares
New Zealand Courts.

WASHINGTON. Nay 2s.--lIavinE
refused TO ratify tho Versailles
treaty. tho United States is not .,
party to the treaty and is not en-
tillcd TO bcncfits under II.
This decree has been issued In the
form OF "A ruling handed down BY the
sew Zealand Court OF Appeals. ac-
cordinS TO dispatches received here
from Wellington. y. II.
The decision was given In conncc-
tlon with an application by American
c'nzens for priority Of registration
'"r safcty-razor patents.
As the application was not filed
within statutory time. the applicants
claimed the benefit of Article 80. Of
inc pence treaty. Extending the reg
's'ration time for Nationals of the
contracting parties.
The court held that Tho United
states was not "A high contracting
party.
The United states has not assum-
cH any OF the obligations OF the
treaty" the opinion said. 'and cannot
claim for Itself or it's citizens any
right conferred thereby"
Secretary Hughes has opposed this
Ficw IN his stand on American rights
~ mandate territories This Is the
hrst instance. 80 far ar tx known. OF "a
court ruling barring Americans from
rights under the treaty.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
VOICE IS WOMAN's BEST
DEFENSE AGAINST ROGUE
Dcnvcr's Chief OF Police Tells
Women to Scream Loud When
Confronted by Intruder.

DENVER. May 2S.-Attention WON
en-!
Scream loud and scream long when
confronted BY Il burglar or n footpad!
This is the advice OF Chief Of Police
Rug Williams. given in Il scrics Of
Hints on Home Protection" for the
benefit of the female Of the species
womans best defense against
attack is her voice. Williams de-
ciaros. and says that the best and
quickest thing for her TO do when
confronted b. AN intruder is to
scream--scrcarn at tho top of hcr
voicc---and tho more terrified the
pitch the more successful her effort
Ia likely 10 be. Because. the chief
adds. either tho burglar will fec or
some one will come TO her aid.
Time is too often limited In cmcr-
Hcncy cases FOR Il woman 10 rush to
Il pillow. or bureau drawer, To grasp
revolver. and. even when she does
get hold Of gun. the chief thinks
the chances are she will not know
how TO use IL, so just scream.
scream. scream"
And tho high mogul OF Denvcr's
police department adds a few "don'ts"
10 tho advice to women.
Don't 20 GU; at night leaving the
house black dark. \ thief works
hest under cover Of darkness
Raise tho shades. light up dimly.
and lock tn" house before going out
for AN evening.
Don't ND. the from, door kcy un-
der the porch mat for sonny or Sis
ter when they get homo from school.
\ Drowler watching tho house - Ger.
tain to discover the secret"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
T / II f. S
7 / r E S
BUILT TO GIVE SERVICE
And Rcducc Punrturcs to Minimum

800 Required on All e. .. u. Orders
So Off II check In fui, accompanies order.
ALI. NULChSIZING GUARANTEED.
STEIN DOUBLE TREAD TIRE CO.
ot Creeccnt St.. Long Island City, -. Y.
81 Oueensllorn RridCs Enirnnce
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
WOULD INCLUDE OILS AND
HIDES IN PERMANENT TARIFF

WASiI1EGTOE May 2s-A con
fr"ss Of tn" Southern TnriM Associa-
ton Will be held "a, Fort Worth
texas, on Saturday, juno 4 10 aid tho
effort I" have mineral oils. hides. and
'"EethhIN oils placed in tho perrna-
n"nt tarin bill. according to an an
h"uhc"mcnt made hy John H. Kirby.
president OF tho asaociatiou
Tho Fort worth conference I. -hn
BEGINNING OF II scrics Of similar rncc,.
ihHs I" b" held throughout the south
70 further the program for ii p"riua-
h"n' tarin policy 10 protect Southern
industries. the association announced
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
FORMER KAISER DOES NOT
EMERGE FROM DEPRESSION
IRy Aasocla,eh rrcssl

DOoKN. HOLLAND. May 2s.-Al-
though former Emperor william. who
"as extremely depressed after the
death OF former empress has b. no
means emerged from this depression.
he has begun 10 seek diversion and is
showing more interest In his sur
roundings.
Recently nc made several trips
about tnc uciEhborhood
Tho cx-cnpcror dressed in black
except az dinner time. when ne an
pears In fun uniform with a mourn
Ing band around the arm.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29

u. Il. Thompson. formerly chief in
pcctor for Maxwell Chalmers. has
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
Ga.oIinc stocks 1ncreasc.

WASHINGTON. May 2s.-Gasolinc
stocks on April 30. were the Iarges,
in the history OF tho country. Il was
shown in figures made public today
by the bureau of mines. There were
755.oo0.o 900 gallons In stock April 30.
"a net increase of 100000 gallons
over month before.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
Seek sIoo.oan Defense rnnd.

CHICAGO, May ga }lOo.O do
Tense fund for union labor leaders
who have been indicted for alleged
cHtortion is being raised By assess
ncnt of members Of Chicago building
trades unions. according 10 informa-
ton given out today by Safes At
torDey German
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29

HONOLULU. II. IL. May 2s.-An in
vita,ion To visit Honolulu and the
Hawaiian Islands this summer has
been extended TO Secretary of the
Nav? DENLY by Deputy Attorney
General y. G. Atkinson. a classrna,c
at the University OF Michigan.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
i..o14 uccom. 1. =. ci,i,c,,

WASHINGTON, May 2s--In April
1875 aliens were granted anal clt!-
z"r~-Ip papers, Il was announced a,
the Department Of Labor Final
papers w"r" asked for by 1868
al!cns while 26..l5 others declared
their intention NJ becoming ci,izars
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29

BEDDING. CAL, May 2s.-Tom
Delta. venerable Wintoon indian.
1ied recently. near Antic-. Northern
california. The coronor's inquest re-
turned verde, of death ..duc 10 Iack
OF n'ur!shmcnt and care" and fixed
D"lta's aEc At about 100 yoary
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
SPARKS FROM MOTORL AND

X. c. Rcichel. who has been in
charge OF factory service for tho
Chalmers. has been appointed service
manager for both the good Maxwell
and the Chalmers position for
which he is peculiarly well fitted. by
reason OF his long experience in the
service field.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29
Clearing House nrrort show. Cn,n

~" fVNk. Nay 2S.-Thc actual
'"hniion Of clearing house inks
ana trust companies for tn. week
SHOWS That they hold sllsol23o 70
serve In excess of legal rcou,r.ncr,.
rms Is an increase Of si2.22s
from last week
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-05-29

been appointed special sales super
visor for tho companies. with tenn
porary headquarters at Detroit.
Theodore kocrner has been named
superintendent of inspection. having
general charge of inspection in all
Maxwell Chalmers plants
j. ". Chappcllc. well known in tho
automobile circles OF this city. has
been appointed sales manager for tho
Baushan Motor Sales Co. Inc.
The Baughan Motor Sales Company
Inc. has been appointed distributors
for the State Of Virginia and n por-
ton OF North Carolina. for the Moon
line of automobiles.
Prcntiss Motor Company. located
at 80 West Broad Street have on
display I'm their salcsroom the latest
model OF Winton car. which is at
tracing much attention.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08

Next Sunday Mt. Horeb appears on
the local diamond, and if Edgerton ex-
poets to land the pennant one of the
necessary things appears to be to hand
Mt. Horeb the short end of the score.
This ought to be as hard fought bat
tie as any the locals have participated
in this year.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
Obituary
JAMES EDGAR GREENWOOD.

James Edgar Greenwood is laid to
rest in the Greenwood family lot of the
Fassett cemetery Thursday, July 7th.
Edgar, the name by which be was best
known, was born in Edgerton, January
25, 1898. He was next to the youngest
son of James and Sarah Greenwood.
The deceased received his schooling in
the public schools of Edgerton.
When the world war broke out he
was one of the first to enlist in Co. M.
He became member of LOT Military
Police and followed the 32nd Division
through to the end of the war, leaving
the camp at Waco, Texas, January Is,
1918.
On Armistice day he was taken from
the field i'll with pneumonia, the result
of poisoned gas, and spent three months
in hospital in France. July %, 1919,
he came home. He seemed somewhat
better, but was not able to take any
steady work.
August 4, 1920, he was united in
marriage to Miss Martha Boesel, daugh-
ter of August Boesel. In January, this
year, he entered the federal hospital,
Rest Home, at Waukesha, hoping to
regain his health, but the effect of the
gas had ruined his lungs. May 20 he
was obliged to take to his bed. and on
June 10 he was removed to Muirdale
sanitarium near Wauwatosa. Since
then he gradually failed and passed
away July 4th at $50, standard time.
He was fully conscious to the last and
recognized those who stood about him.
His wife had been with him most of
the time and was with him when the
end came. The body was brought to
Edgerton Tuesday.
Funeral services were conducted from
the home of the wife and ST. Johns
Lutheran church Thursday afternoon,
Rev. Spilman officiating, full military
honors were observed, and the Legion
post had charge of the ceremonies.
Besides his wife he leaves to mourn
him his mother, Mrs. Sarah Greenwood
Of Edgerton, sister, Mrs. C. E. Good,
and a brother, Thos. Greenwood, of
San Diego, CAL, Mrs. A. S. Thompson
of Stoughton, and Ethel, Helen and
Harold with the mother at home.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08

The program at the Rialto is as
follows:
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
WELL EQUIPPED FOR DEFENSE
British Adopt Defensive Measures for
Big Aircraft That Have Been
Considered Easy Prey.

The helplessness of dirigibles in the
face of airplane attacks may be con-
sidered a matter of the remote past.
1t seems that dirigibles of the near
future will carry fast single scatter
fighting airplanes along with them
for the purpose of defending them
selves against airplane attacks.
The British, who appear to have
taken the lead in dirigible construc-
ton and operation away from the
Germans, have been carrying on ex-
tensive experiments with airplanes
carried by dirigibles. The giant air
ship R-34-the dirigible which crossed
the Atlantic last summer carries an
airplane suspended. below it. The air.
plane can be reached by passing
through trapdoor and down swing
ing ladder. At the opportune moment
the airplane, with motor going at
proper speed, is released from the
dirigible, and after very slight drop
goes forth on its own flight
The disadvantage, Of course, is that
once the plane is launched it is not
possible for it to return to the airship,
so that the latter will be as much at
the mercy of a second attack from
hostile planes as under old conditions.
Scientific American.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
Trailers Lose at >Stoughton.

Stoughton handed the Trailers their
first shutout, league game, of the sea-
son at Stoughton Sunday by score of
2 to O. As was the other game be-
tween these two teams, it was game
worth going long way to see. Beltz
and Noble pitched great Dall, each hav-
ing five strikeouts to his credit and al
lowing six and four hits respectively.
The Trucks put marker across in the
first round on single and double,
and added another in their half of the
eighth. on three hits.
The Trailers had men on second on
several occasions but were unable to
produce the hit that meant run. In
the ninth they threatened to tie the
score when the first two up hit safely,
putting men on second and third with
none gone, but again Noble worked out
of pinch without allowing score.
EnlloUiur ia the hoy score.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
MORO A DANGEROUS FANATIC
Believes Eternal Bliss to BE His If
He Meets Death While Killing
Christians.

The psychology of Mohammedanism
is incomprehensible to persons reared
in the atmosphere and teachings Of
American Christianity. With US the
separation of church and state is as
much matter of course as the air we
breathe. With us suicide is immoral
and the killing of an unbelieyer is a
crime punishable with death. The Mo-
hammedan has no conception of ecclesi-
astical and state law. There is only
one law, the Koran; and while in fact
the priest and the ruler may be diff
ferent persons, they are different only
in functional way, like a judge and
an executive in our government. The
spiritual ruler is also temporal ruler,
as was MOhammed in his day. The
killing of Christians is virtue that
merits everlasting bliss in paradise.
The martyrs of the early Christian
church burned with no more c0nsum-
Ing aFdor than the humble, ignorant
Mohammedan peasants who swear be-
fore the priest that they will go forth
and devote their lives to killing Chris
tians. Mohammedans who have sworn
to kill Christians are called In the
Philippines juramentados, from the
Spanish, meaning one who has sworn
or taken an oath. Up to decade ago
1t was no uncommon occurrence in
JOlo for a Moro fanatic to conceal his
bolo knife, or kris, in basket of
fruit until he had passed the guard
at the gate of the walled town, then
draw his blade and cut right and left,
killing man, woman or child, with
perfect impartiality, until bullet from
the guard stopped his advance. 1t was
this indomitable will to kill that gave
the Christian Filipino his mortal fear
Of the Moro in times past-O. Garfield
Jones, in Asia.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
UTICA

Miss Smanda Kingland returned to
her home Friday.
Ole Klongland finished painting his
house last week
Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Sornson drove to
Sun Prairie Sunday.
Lewis Koehn and family spent Sun
day at Evansville with relatives.
Otis Klongland had his Ford car
stolen at Stoughton last Monday night
Lyman Johnson, who is attending the
&c college at Madison spent Sunday at
home.
Miss Hilda Klongland and Manda
Fosdal arrived Monday evening from
Milwaukee.
H. Morris Klongland,an family drove
to Madison Friday to attend an insur-
ance meeting.
Miss Ida Furan is home after two
weeks spent at Waubesa with Alfred
Havey and family.
Aaron Week, who is taking the chi
ropractic course at Davenport, spent
Sunday with his parents.
George West and Miss Olson of FL
roy were visitors at Mr. and Mrs. Roy
Cornelfs Sunday and Monday.
Hertha and Stella Gulseth of Madi-
son spent a few days at Utica with
Mrs. Anna Berg and Reuben Tellefson
and wife.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Sommerfeldt, Sr.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Sommerseldt Jr.
and Archie Sommerfeldt, all of James
vile, spent Sunday at the Lewis Koehn
home
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
AT THE RIALTO

The program at the Rialto is as
follows:
Thursday: The picture of "Gosh
Remember" "The Old Swimmin'
Hole" A pleasing adaptation of the
delightful James Whitcomb Riley
poem that will bring you happiness.
It calls to mind our own pigtailed,
barefoot days and is a source of JOY
to the kiddies from beginning to end.
The entire family will enjoy Rays
deliniation of the none too bright
Ezra, his family, his sweetheart, and
his pals. Let the "Old Swinmin'
Hole" wash the worry from your
mind as it used to do in by gone
days.
An excellent picture for the child
rem. Four youngsters will sing
"School Days."
Friday: "Bare Knuckles" a ro-
nance of the wilds with William
Russell as the hero. This is a thrill
ing dramatic tale which proves that
if man has sturdy character and
plenty of fist force, he needs no
more dangerous weapon with which
to keep the peace.
Saturday: William S: Hart and
Eva Novah in "The Testing Block"
A golden romance of the days of
"Nelly Gray" laid on the vast Sierra
slopes, among the giant redwoods,
and made of the biggest, tenderest
things in human life.
Paragon Comedy.
Sunday: "Out Side Woman" featur-
ing Wanda Hawley. It was such a
temptation to buy pretty things and
when she couldn't pay for them it
was such an easy matter to exchange
something that was in the house!
Well this might have gone on for
ever and completely distracted her
poor husband had not. Dorothy Rails
ton learned little lesson, and it is
this lesson that provides the Joy
of this picture.
Snub Pollard Comedy.
Monday: Extravaganza" a drama
of a wife with a silken soul and
gingham income, featuring May AL
lison. How a thoughtless woman
made man commit a crime is
wildly portrayed in this picture. A
young wife's strategy in gaining the
qualification of her whims, in the
end causes her to shed bitter tears
of repentance. You will like the COM
ic vein in which May Allison por-
trays the wife.
Educational Weekly.
Tuesday: Elaine Hammerstein in
"The Girl from Nowhere" The adj
ventures of society girl who
thinks she loves, but after she de-
cides to elope, she discovers her mis-
take.
Topics of the Day
Wed. & Thurs: "The Passion
Flower" featuring Norma Talmadge
If you are fond of tragedy presented
in an artistic and colorful manner
you will like "The Passion Flower
It shows the popular screen actress,
Norma Talmadge at her best. Span
ish sittings, Spanish characters. ro-
nance and the treachery of jealousy
are found in the play which is one
of the best of the season.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
EAST PORTER

Thomas Carmody, Chicago, spent the
4th with E. Fox and family.
Mrs. L. Barrett, Center, was anEv-
ansville shopper Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Harnack and
family spent Sunday at the F. Bienash
home in GAINESVILLE.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jas. Murphy entertain
ed the following guests Sunday even
ing: Mr.. and Mrs. F. Murphy and fam
lily, Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Hosfeldt
and daughter Dorothy, and Mr.. and
Mrs. II. Sweeney and family, Edger-
ton.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08

Two base hits-Jandra and Carlson.
Double plays erbstreith to Taylor to
Stuvengen; Taylor to Jandra to Stu
vengen. Umpires-Lutchinger, plate;
Hvland bases
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
STANDINGS OF THE TEAMS

The locals, with Lawrence Whitford
pitching, gave the GAINESVILLE Tractors,
Wooten in the box, run for their
money for eight innings at Athletic
park in the morning game on the 4th.
Whitford's support failed him in the
ninth and he also lost control, allowing
the visitors to score two runs. Up to
this time the score was 5 to against
the home team, although they held the
lead for the greater part of the game.
In the afternoon game the Trailers
walked over Cambridge to the tune of
IL to @. Beltz, who also worked on the
mound for the locals at Stoughton Sun
day, had the Cambridge boys eating
out of his hand and they were unable
to score. In the latter part of the
game he grooved most of them and al
lowed the fielders chance to show
their wares, and they surely did, moth
ing seemed impossible for them to get.
Strasburg for Cambridge was hit hard
and also given poor support. Neupert
pitched the last two innings and al
lowed no further scoring.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08
OTHER LEAGUE GAMES

Madison, IL; Middleton, 8.
Mt. Horeb, IL; Waterloo, 4.
Sun Prairie. 8; Cambridge, 4.
Lake Mills, 3; Waunakee, 2.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1921-07-08

GAMES FOR SUNDAY, JULY 10.
Stoughton at Madison.
Middleton at Waterloo.
Sun Prairie at Waunakee.
Mt. Horeb at Edgerton.
Cambridge at Lake Mills.
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-02-25
Soldiers 60 Dungeon
When They DEFY Court

Covington, Ky. Feb. 25.-Af-
ter three men wearing soldier I'M
iforms had defied Judge L. l. Ma
son in police court by refusing to
answer questions, and only laugh
ed when ordered to raise their
right hands to be sworn the Judge
ordered them locked up in the
dungeon OF the Jail, The men.
who registered as David Good
win. Is years old. and his cousin
Dover Goodwin. 10 years old. and
b. w. Spears, all OF Huntington,
w. Va. were arrested on the
charges OF lettering on railroad
property. They said they had
been discharged from Fort Sam
Houston, Texas. and that they
were on their Wav home.
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-02-25
E}lOTLEGGING OLD
0FEENSE IN STATE:

Frankfort. Ky. Feb. 25-Boot-
logging and selling liquor without
license are not new crimes. &C
cordin9 to documents recently
uncarthcd in the files OF the exc
cutive papers Of early Kentucky
Governors. In the papers OF Gov.
lanes Garrard. who served two
terms from 1916 to 1904, is found
the record OF at least one case
that bears all the earmarks OF a
modern day liquor law evasion.
In this case Andrew Barnett,
whose address is not given, was
convicted OF selling liquor with
out license as provided for i'll the
liquor license statute OF lI0S.
This statute stated that anyone
who operated 4 ''tippling house"
or sold. wine, beer, ale, whisky,
etc. without license should be
lned three pounds for the first Of
tense and double that amount for
the second and that any citizen
might obtain from 4 justice OF
the peace a warrant and seize all
liquor found. Liquor SO seizeG
was to be turned over to the JUS
ticc and sold at public auction, the
proceeds to go for the benefit Of
the poor.
Barnett was fined three pounds
and asked for remission of the
fine on the ground that he obtain
ed the whisky from another man
and that although he operated
the tavern and resOld the whisky.
being known as landlord TO
many. he really was not the land
lord and. should not be punished.
No record of any pardon in this
case was found in the file.
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-02-25
History of Elizabetntown

Elizabethtown. Ky, Feb. Is
Samuel HaySraft's History OF
Elizabethtown, published years
ago in newspapers but never pre-
scented to the public in book form
is to be published by the Eliza
BEETHOVEN Women's Club, it is an
nounced here. The text of the
history has been preserved here
tofore in copies of old neWspa-
Ipers.
The events related i'll the his
tory date back to the settlement
!of Elizabethtown about 1872.
Vivid descriptions of the early
life of Abraham Lincoln, much of
it said to have never been record
ed by any biographer, are given.
Profits from the book arc to be
used in erecting club house.
Richmond daily register. (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1917-1978, 1921-02-25
(YNTH|hNA WOMjAIN'S
CLUB DOES GOOD Work
Gy associated Prcss)

Georgetown. Ky, Feb. rs
Eighty-five children from The
Commons" poor section OF
Cyntlliana. are receiving instruc-
ton in cooking, sewing and rclig
ious work as a result OF the ef-
forts Of the hWoman's Club nd
public spirited citizens Of that
community, according to Mrs.
Josephine Grammar Marks. editor
The Bulletin. the official organ
Of the Kentucky Federation OF
WOnen's Club. The work done
at what is known as the Mary
Crosby Settlement House. is
provided for by donations from
the club and other citizens.
The settlement house, accord
ing to Mrs. Marks. is clearing
house for charitable work OF the
community. Worthy women and
children. who have no other place
TO go, are given shelter i'll the
house during the winter months.
Layettes, made by members OF
the club are kept on hand at all
times for presentation to needy
mothers.
The work, according to Mrs.
Marks, is under the direction OF
The Civics Department OF the
club, of which Mrs. w. ". Van
\eren is head.