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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
LIBERTY BONDS

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ond Is, $3.50: urSt 4I.'S. 500; second
4X'S. Ssi4: third tt.'S. N2.9": fourth
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tory AIS. 9T.15.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
n. Y. COTTON MARKET

Wheeling. ". Va. Feb. -. -.
Furnished Tho lnt~iI.rcn"c' ly \. T..
N.,s'cu < Co. u"ino"-S New York Stock
ENchauSc. Second I.orr National Bank
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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
n. Y. STOCK EXCHANGE

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Furn;sh"! Tae lu;ei.. gepcer - \, e
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Stoc& EXchanGc Na:!OnH. Bank EUi:i-
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Resident Partner.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
STANDARD OIL
SUBSIDIARY STOCKS

Wheeling. ". Va. Fen. 10, 81.
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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
PRODUCE MARKET
Wheeling. w. Va. Feb 80.
PETROLEUM

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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
PITTSBURGH STOCKS

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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11
NEW YORK CURB MARKET
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Wheeling, W. Va, Feb. ~. y.
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The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1921-02-11

open. liiph. low. C!"sc
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Hundreds of Miles of Electrified Lines Already
Operating Prove Advantages Similar
Projects Planned Abroad

brakes and saves the equipment from the
racking that the wear of airbrakes on de-
scents entails. In freezing temperatures the
power of the steam engine is reduced. re-
suting frequently in paralysis Of traffic
while In snow blockades additional difficulty
is experienced in getting coal and water
On the ST. Paul In the winter Of 1917-191S
1t was frequent occurrence to make up on
the $50 miles of line then electrified the
hours lost by trains on the adjacent steam
operated sections of the track:
The estimate of fuel saving did not take
into account our great undeveloped water
power resources, the proper utilization of
which would add considerably to the esti-
mated economy According to the geologi-
cal survey the undeveloped water power of
the United States Is approximately equiva-
lent to 54,000.000 horsepower. Of which
43 per cent. Is in the mountain States, 80 per
cent. In the Pacific States. and the remainder
is distributed in Eastern, Southern and mid,
land States. The fact that only about 10-
900 900 horsepower of this vast potential
capa city has been developed emphasizes our
neglect of this extremely important and eco
nomical source Of energy.
Recent developments, however, indicate
that we are at last conscious of the possi-
bilities that lie in this direction. It is pro-
posed by engineers to link up steam and
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

programme. has ceased but the return to
the manufacture of material for use during
peace time has not proceeded so satisfac-
torily. Statistics for the year 1920 are not
yet available, but It Is certain that there
were a great'many more failures during that
year than during the preceding year. Esti-
mates of the unemployment during Decem-
Der. 1920, and January, 1921. range from less
than one million to more than two million
unemployed so that even the more con-
servative estimates show that the employ
ment conditions are appalling.
This business depression. which began last
April. is existing throughout all sections of
the country. In the West the farmers are
losing vast sums OF money; in the South the
cotton growers are left with their crops on
their hands, I'm the North manufacturing
has been cut down greatly and has In some
cases entirely ceased. Some of the manu-
facturers have offered the workers their
choice between shorter hours and less pay
and a complete shutting down of the plant.
The workers have In most cases chosen the
lesser of the evils.
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Vast Saving in Fuel Costs
Promised by EIectrifcation

In considering the advantages OF electrifi-
cation the first favorable argument, although
probably not the most important, that pre-
sents itself is the saving in fuel costs that
would be effected. Total production of coal
in the United States in 1916 was approx
mately 67S.000000 tons, of which the steam
railroads used 163,00o000 tons, or "a per
cent. In addition to the coal the railroads
consumed 46,OOo,o00 barrels of oil, equal to
about 100000 tons of COAL making a total
coal equivalent OF 176000,000 tons.
A well known engineer has estimated, using
as his basis two and one-half pounds Of coal
as the equivalent of one kilowatt hour that
by running the railroads of the country by
electricity generated exclusively from fuel
over 120.000.000 tons of coal would be saved
annually to the nation Valuing this saving
commercially at present day prices of coal,
It represents nearly $1,000 600. 900 annually,
or about 20 per cent of the total operat-
ing expenses of the roads The St. Paul
Railroad. which is the leading exponent of
electrifcation, with over $50 miles of its
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

jail. We must be careful and patient in all
such matters.
We should sympathize with the views of
the socialist as we'll as with the views of
those opposed to Socialism. Yet we must
discountenance the advocates of revolu-
tionary change who in passionate flights of
oratory decry present conditions and pro-
pose to substitute in their stead state
based on undemocratic principles; so, too
must we discountenance the advocate of
repression and reaction. Radical and re-
actionist alike should find little sympathy
or approval with the public.
We must beware of the pessimist and
alarmist such as Basil Manly. who writes
in the Nation of June. 1919: I'VE are about
to enter period of the most acute indus
trial Unrest and the most bitter Industrial
controversy that the American nation has
ever known. Unless effective steps are
taken we are certain to see within
the next year strikes and mass movements
of labor beside which all previous American
strikes will pale into insgnificance." So also
must we be wary of the optimist who prom
ises speedy return to prosperity and
promises happiness for all. We must face
our problems squarely and work hard. so
that the predictions of the pessimist will not
be borne out and so that we can hope to
gain that which the optimist promises.
Let us hope that new era has been en-
tered upon in which all classes of society
have come to a full realization that they
have much in common and that by coopera-
ton they can each gain what they can
legitimately desire. Let us hope that the
American nation has learned by it's expert
ence during the late war that cooperation
is the keynote to the answers to all our
public questions whether they be industrial,
governmental, economic or social. With CO.
operation great deal can be accomplished
without 1t but little can be accomplished
When the American people apply that
which is urged here, then and only then
will we have the true spirit that should pre-
vail. We may have luls in our troubles.
compromises may be effected: but not until
we are ready to carry out the foregoing
basic suggestions, not until we substitute
harmony for discord and cooperation for dis
united effort-then, and not before then. will
we have as permanent, as enduring, as ever
lasting a domestic peace as can reasonably
be hoped for.
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

These are indeed times that try mems souls
Men are everywhere advocating change
change in government, change in social con-
ditions, change in the economic and indus
trial order AS time progresses change must
come about Every period of the worlds
history is a period of transition-if not of
progression then of regression--but a
change is always coming about. 1t is ire
sistible and hence inevitable. Customs have
changed, scientific views have changed. re-
ligious views have changed, government has
changed, Industrial methods have changed,
living conditions have changed; all these
have changed and are constantly undergoing
changes, some not as noticeably as Others
but nevertheless undergoing a change clearly
perceptible to the careful observer. At this
time we have Socialists and various radicals
in our midst who are advocating change of
government and the social and economic
order Dissatisfied with conditions they ask
for reform, as is their privilege and right,
and they work to further their ends, some
adopting a more conservative, others a more
radical, course. OF these reformers we shall
hear more later
These. then, are the various phases OF the
problem. The American people have the
power of determining how this period shall
bc traversed. whether II shall be one of in
dustrial strife and social upheavals or one
in which wise counsel will prevail and In
which peace will exist Better and more
prosperous times will come, but before they
arrive this period must be passed, and II Is
the duty of every American to make things
as easy as possible.
But what arc these things which we
Americans ought to do in order to make
this period of transition easier? Are we
to submit to unfair prices and unjust rents7
Are we to view with complacency alleged
corruption in pur local government? Is the
liz IN -,,fr1 -
the fights of labor and capital? Is 1t to be
expected that capital will submit calmly and
take orders from the workers? is labor to
cease it's agitation for better wages and
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

Illuminating example is furnished by the
case of the Norfolk and Western Railway,
which serves an important coal field in West
Virginia. AS the output of coal in the vi
cinity increased the facilities of the rail-
road were taxed to the utmost in keeping
pace with the growing demands made on 1t
for increased transportation until a phys
ical limit was reached On examining the
situation 1t was found that freight moved
freely all along its line except on a portion
thirty miles in length a very stiff
grade Three of the largest steam locomo-
tives could not move. traffic in this section
any faster than seven miles hour and
as result there was congestion on the en-
tire route. Electrification solved the diff
Guilty. and now huge electric locomotives
haul heavier trains up the grade at speed
of fourteen miles an hour. In this manner
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

water power plants in great connected trunk
systems along similar lines to those Of the
grouping Of the railroads. Already an ap-
preparation has been asked Of Congress tor
the purpose of making a survey of intra-
state system. linking up Boston, New York
and Washington by combining the existing
plants and adding the undeveloped water
power.
The latent energy of flowing water
would in itself furnish the necessary force
to run all our railroads by electricity if it
could be all cheaply and easily employed.
But there will necessarily be a percentage
of 1t that it will not be practicable to utilize
either because of location engineering diff
culties or other reasons of weight, so that
water and coal must supplement one an
other in the generation of power. Eff
cheney dictates that the coal, instead Of being
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

the capacity of the system has been in
creased over 100 per cent.
In comparing the relative merits of the
steam and electric locomotive the latter
stands out conspicuously superior in prac-
tically every respect. Perhaps the greatest
drawback of the steam locomotive is its
wastefulness. Whether the fires are banked
in the roundhouse and being cleaned for
starting, or the engine is coasting down
grade or standing ,on the tracks, fuel is
being consumed without any useful work
being done. Estimates place the quantity
of coal wasted in this manner at one-third
of the total used by the roads.
Contraeted with this the electric loco
motive is not only devoid of uneconomical
tendencies of like nature. but in coastlng
down grades actually returns power to .he
system through the use of regenerator
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

living conditions? Is submission, after ALL
the spirit of Americanism? Is cowardly
submission the panacea for the evils Of this
period?
The keynote to the answers to these ques-
tons is that the spirit, not Of submission,
but OF cooperation must prevail. The same
spirit that carried us through the war can
carry us through this. comparatively brief
period after the war. Certain obligations are
incumbent upon all members of our society.
especially American citizens, who are
pledged to support their Government IL the
spirit Of cooperation prevails, that is IL
every one fulfils the obligations which de-
volve upon him. then we shall safely pass
through this period and be little the worse
for our experience; but If all do not CO.
operate we shall have a much harder time
of II.
We must have cooperation between laborer
and employer Both the laborer and the
employer must adopt common sense view
OF conditions and must have a regard for
the rights of each other and of the public.
Instead OF being guided by passions they
must consider the economic forces involved
in their disputes and act accordingly. What
we need In America is less business In re-
ligion and more religion in business
Urges Constant Guard Against
All Undemocratic Agencies
We must likewise have cooperation be-
tween various governmental depart
ments, and petty quarrels must be eliminated
to the end that the public be best served.
On the other hand, the public must have
patience, and IL Investigations into alleged
fraud and corruption are being conducted
1t must carefully weigh the evidence and
then Judge instead of condemning without
reason. Too often do we pick up our news
papers and after reading a garbled account
of some investigation throw down the news
paper, disgusted. and conclude that all con-
oerned investigators and investigated alike
.are crooked and should be locked up in
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Retailers Among the Last
To Conform to New Conditions

Unfortupately the seller--the middleman
or retailer-has not taken steps to return
to peace basis. Retail prices are undoubt-
edly lower than they were during the war
but they have not come down enough. We
cannot hope to have pre-war prices, but IL
is certain that prices will be reduced greatly
In the near future. Fortunately, the Amer
lean people are leaving behind their wartime
wastefu extravaganza and are practising
thrift. OF course the Americans were thrifty
during the war; as the records of the sale
Of Liberty bonds and war savings stamps
show but the records also show too clearly
that the extravaganza more than equalized
the thrift.
Perhaps the most difficult problem is the
attitude OF mind that the public assumes.
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Solving the Complex Problem
OF Returning to Peace Basis

To be more specific. 1t is a period in which
our industrial forces will have to turn their
energy from the manufacture of war ma
terial to the manufacture of peace time ma
terial a period during which the seller will
have TO lower his prices; a period during
which the laborer will have to become accus-
toned to lower wages a period during which
the people OF all classes will have to learn
anew the habits OF wise spending and for
get the wasteful extravagance practised
during and Immediately after the war; "A
period during which instead of having its
emotions of patriotism and loyalty brought
to the fore by the Government, the American
people will have its emotions of class war
fare-who knows hatred?-and dissatisfac-
ton with the Government itself brought out
in its most malignant forms.
To pass through this period safely and
with a minimum of trouble Is the problem
which confronts the American people, and II
is the solution OF this problem that we are
to study with the object Of determining how
the American citizen, and all who reside
here, for that matter, can best help to solve.
Truly a complex problem-but the method
Of solution is comparatively simple when we
examine Il.
1t is indeed a strange thing that II takes
so very little time for our country to get on
a war basis but II takes so long a time to
get back on a peace basis. Some of these
problems have already been solved. The
manufacture Of war material, with the ex-
ception of the carrying out Of our naval
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

track electrified, in one year saved over
100000 tons of coal and 250,000 barrels of
fuel oil.
Another factor in the fuel situation is the
substantial economy that would be effected
through the elimination of the necessity for
hauling coal for railroad purposes. About
20 per cent. of the total freight haulage
of the roads consists of coal needed for their
own use. The coal is hauled from the mine
to the coaling station; it is hauled from the
coaling station in the tender Of the locomo-
tive, and the empty car is again hauled to
the colliery Electrical operation would
make this extensive carrying movement un-
necessary, and thereby add 20 per cent
to the freight revenues of the carriers, in
addition to supplying greater equipment ac-
commodation to the business Of the nation.
Transportation Facilities Fail
To Meet Normal Requirements
Traffic congestion has not vanished with
the exigencies of war. Since 1914 our busi-
ness and industries have expanded tremen-
dously, and as our railroad facilities for
various reasons failed to keep pace with our
commercial growth our equipment is made
quate to cope with normal business REQUIRE
ments.
1t is admitted that with the continued
expansion in our industry not only will
more equipment be required but that means
must be found for moving a greater volume
of traffic than existing facilities will ac-
commodate In order to avoid the fre-
quent tieups that would be otherwise in
evitable This could be accomplished through
the laying of additional trackage but at
prohibtive expense owing to the new rights
of way that in many instances would have
to be acquired. the new tunneling that would
have to be done and other difficulties that
would be encountered The object. however
can be achieved equally well by electrifica-
ton, and taking into account the other great
economies to be derived from this procedure
1t seems the logical method of increasing
our transit capacity.
This is made possible by the fact that
the electric locomotive can haul longer
trains at higher speed. Steam locomotives
have maximum of about 5000 horse
power, whereas there are a number of
electric locomotives in use having a
capacity Of 1000 horse power and over An
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Possibilities of Higher
Efficiency at Vastly
Lower Costs Turn
Trend Toward Gen
eral Adoption of
Electric Power
By WILLIAM J. KEARY.

\ IAN has been continually striving to
M reduce costs either through the in
vention and application of better
instruments Of production or through a more
scientific organization and administration of
industry. OF the tendency of man to utilize
new discoveries for the comfort and con-
venience Of the community or for more eff
1cient and less expensive methods of pro-
duction, nothing affords a better illustration
than the development Of electricity In it's
early stages we find 1t in use in teegraphic
communication. furnishing the means
whereby nations could know one another
more intimately through more facile and
rapid communication. Later we find 1t being
employed for lighting purposes, and in rapid
the telephone and In wireless telegraphy.
Yet authorities agree that we are only in
the dawn of an electrical age.
One of the most interesting phases of the
application of electricity is its gradual dis
placement of steam as the motive power of
transportation. 1t required the conditions
created by the war and the experience of a
bitterly cold winter during that period to
demonstrate the relative superiority of the
electrically operated road over the steam
road. Prior to that time the advantages of
electrical traction for city and suburban
traffic were generally recognized but it's
economy and adaptability to transportation
generally were not widely appreciated 1t
proven that the traffic congestion that
arose from the movement of vast supplies
Of war munitions and large bodies of troops
could have been entirely avoided or greatly
minmized If the right of way had been
electrified. Trains with great carrying ca
pacity were moved more speedily and regu-
'lrly on electric divisions. Protracted spells
II zero weather which blocked or reduced
le effectiveness of the steam locomotive
d no similar harmful results on the elec-
l. o locomotive
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Keen Economics Analysis Essay Winning Honorable Mentor

r addition to the prizes for THE New
York HERALD Civics Essay Contest, an
nounced last Sunday, it was decided to
award two honorable mentions for other
manuscripts.
at the hands of the judges are Samuel
Charry. who. as was the winner of the first
prize, Arnott ]. White, was graduated from
the Commercial High School, while another
honorable mention went to the De Witt
Clinton High School. represented In this in
stance by Morton Roth.
Although the contest was open to stu
dents in the fourth year of the high schools
of New York city only. its theme. "In View
Of the Present Industrial Conditions and So
cial Unrest, What Are the Obligations In
cumbent Upon the American Cititzen?" at
tracted wide attention. One of the most at
tractve manuscripts was received from a
student of the MarYmount Academy at Tar
rytown. while from Montclair, N. j., came
an equally interesting contribution, which Is
herewith printed.
A letter of acknowledgment has been re-
ceived from the winner of the second prize
Miss Helene Hartung of the Evander Childs
High School. which is as follows
1T gave me great pleasure. indeed to. re-
ceive the second prize for the essay sent
you lately from Mr.. Harrington on Monday
evening, and ! herewith wish to express my
thanks to the judges of the contest
II think that by fostering and aiding the
growth Of true Americanism through this
contest THE New YORK HERALD has again
shown its customary spirit of loyalty and
hepfulness to this country in very fine
way"
Morton Roth's essay is given herewith. and
the one by Samuel Charry will appear In an
early issue of the Sunday Magazine section.
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
BY MORTON ROTH.

ONFRoNTED by many problems. the
American nation turns about, be-
wildered, hoping for speedy and
complete solution to these problems, yet
realizing fully that II must undergo several
ordeals before II can feel secure again. After
all the best way to learn is by experience;
the American nation especially seems to
learn best by experience. Before casting
about for the best means for solving our
problem, let us state carefully the exact
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Morton Roth Of in
While Restricted High School, in

problems and closely examine their nature.
We are now in period of transition.
The period began with the signing of the
armistice with Germany in November, 1918
and, according to all indications and In the
opinion Of most experts, will terminate some
time around the end of the spring of this
year.
The New York herald., 1921-02-13
Id Electrification Offers Way to Save Billions

upper train the and Pacific hauled
Falls 6oo XIV
The New York herald., 1921-02-13

AN has been continually striving to
~ reduce costs either through the in
vention and application of better