The Red Cloud chief., 1921-05-05

pose-that Of providing the settlement with a
permanent supply Of farm help and also Of raising
the standard Of general farm help to a higher
level.
The farm laborers Of the settlement were en-
abled to earn from $3.50 to $3.50 per day, with
board, or $3.50 without board. Carpenters were
paid $5.25 per day of eight hours and were en-
abled to improve their allotments outside Of the
working hours.
These settlement farm laborers have the option
Of either working inside or outside Of the colony.
They are permitted as soon as they are financial
~ competent, to purchase larger farms, and thus
become proprietary or employing farmers.
The offices of the California state land settle
ment board do not cease with the mere buying
and selling of this land, leaving the settlers to
shift for themselves. The most important work
comes after the settlers have selected farms and
have begun the arduous task of producing a rev.
enue that will enable them to pay for and equip
their new homes.
Expert Advice on Tap.
The board does all in its power to guide the
collective work Of the settlement along safe lines,
supplying farm advisers, farmstcad engineers and
other experts to help the good work along. 1t Is
the plan of the board to assist the settlement in
welding itself into q successful cooperative COM
nunity, and to inaugurate a system of the most
scientific and up-to-date cultural and admlnistra-
tive methods.
At the very outset the Durham settlers organ
lied a cooperative stock breeders association.
This was done with the prime object of making
the settlement the home of %purebred live stock.
The board inculcated the idea of uniform selec-
ton Of breeds so that there should be no unto
ward mixing Of blood.
1t was agreed that there should be but one or
two breeds of cattle, sheep and hogs in the asso-
citation. For cattle the Holstein was adopted as
the type for dairy stock, and shorthorns for beef
purposes. Duroc Jerseys were selected as the
desirable type of hogs, and the Eomney Marsh
and Rambouillet for the sheep breeds. The exec
utlve mmitt of the Settlement COOPERATIVE
Live Stock association has done nearly all the
buying of live stock for the settlers, thus simpli-
flying and eXpedlting matters.
Instead of leaving each of the 100 families.
composing the settlement, to buy material, find
workmen and secure designs for their dwellings
and farm buildings the board took II upon itself
10 lend a most welcome helping hand. 1t aided
the settlers in their purchase of fencing material,
cement, lumber, pipe, etc. In carload lots, thus
saving the new farmers much labor trouble ana
insuring them the best Of material at lowest
prices.
The plans for the new farmhouses and their.
proper location on the respective farms were
worked out with much care by the farmstead en-
gineer under the eye of the farmer and his wife
and in cooperation with them. In fact, all the
important details of farm Improvement and farm
methods have been carried out under the advice
of the boards experts, free to the settlers. Moth
ing In the community has been done In n loose or
haphazard manner and under this modus operandi
u model farm community was evolved in less
than one year.
Help on the First Crop.
In the meantime practical farm development
was taken up, soil maps consulted, fields, orchards
and gardens 'nid out. and crop production mr.
ranged. Tie hoard has made itself the friend and