The New York herald., 1921-07-31
Influences Of Napoleon and
Bismarck Are Still
Felt in Europe.
PRAISE FOR KossUTH
Believes Greater. the Popula-
tiOn of a Nation the Fewer
the Real Leaders.

first day of real business of the Po-
litical Institute was closed tonight by
Lord ,Bryce's Introductory address on
the international relations of the Old
World States. the general subject On
which he is to treat during the course.
Although there was only one address
to-day hereafter they will be given
public addresses Of the visitors from
abroad are to be supplemented by q
series Of round table discussions con-
Quoted by specialists on the subjects
treated.
These conferences are restricted TO
members OF the institute and are kept
small enough to permit informal ap-
proach to their problems. The groups.
with the subjects they cover. are:
1.-The New States of Central Europe"
by Profs. Coolidge and Lord of Har-
ward; 'The International Aspects of the
Preparations Question" by former In
der Secretary of State Davis Treaties
of Peace" by Prof. Garner of Illinois;
THE New Frontiers of Western Europe
and the Near East" by Prof. Haskips
of Harvard and Major Martin OF WASH
ington; Fundamental Concepts in m
ternational Law in Relation to Political
Theory and Legal Philosophy" by Prof.
Reeves of Michigan: Latin American
Questions" by l.. S. Rowe, Director
General OF the Pan-American Union;
vi apd orIfp yorobla,,,s rDrof
Taussig of Harvard, and Unsettled
Questions in International Law" by
Prof. Wilson of Harvard. Each MEM
Der is limited to two of these groups.
Glorified Normal school.
The courses are in the nature Of
graduate study. with the interesting
difference that most of the students
are college professors 1t Is a sort OF
glorified normal school Membership In
the institute is open to men and women
o. the learned professions, authors,
publicsts. editors. persons engaged in
| the direction OF foreign commerce and
all others whose training and interests
have fitted them for partci patton in
and contributions to discussions of this
nature.
Williamstown is an ideal location for
the gathering. in spite of the gale Last
Thursday, when tore UP and broke off
many stately old elms, IL Is still the
came beautiful little college town.
Guests at the institute are living in the
college dormitories, where every COM
| fort is provided. Members take THAR
meals in the college dining hall. In
! addition to persons enrolled for the
course there are many hundreds of resi-
dents and visitors from the countryside
who take advantage of the auditorium
| Of Grace Hall TO hear the principal adj
dresses. Already the little community
IS acquainted and settling down to the
serious work ahead.
In his talk tonight Lord Bryce laid
| down the foundations on which he will
continue his topic. He stated his pur-
| pose as follows:
II purpose to begin with short ac-
count OF what International relations
were in the ancient world and were in
our modern world until the fateful year
| 1914, and then describe concisely what
| these relations are at this moment In the
! Old World. shattered as they have been
by a desolating war and not resettled by
any real peace.
VIII Survey All Influences.
Thereafter / shall try TO survey the
| conditions, economic. racial and intel
lectual, which influence these relations
/ for good or evil, TO examine the organs
| or instruments by which they are al
rected. and finally ! shall consider the
remedies that have been suggested for
their defects and inquire what prospect
there Is that these or any other renie-
| dies will be successful
1 ssyrhara 70 two atfOpg In which
tions stand to one another. that OF war
| and that of peace. Our present aim Is,
therefore. 10 understand what have been
the causes of war and what may be tho
sources OF peace"
After dividing the progress of N1e
world into five stages. Lord Bryce paid
his respects TO five of the great influences
! in making Europe what IL is to-day. Tie
started with Napoleon. who, he said. Ind
changed the face of European politics as
radically as Cesar, and summed up as
follows:
"He set an example OF absolute dis
regard OF good faith and ruthless indsf-
ference 70 human life. Not only did bis
| victories disclose the weakness or civil
| and military systems Of the old mon
arches he vanquished and deprive them
OF the respect they had been receiving.
nut he also discredited the monarchs as
| persons The Corsican adventurer tore
the veil away and they grovelled before
him.
Lord Bryce then spoke OF bismarck.
saying that like Napoleon. he had done
his country a bad service by the preee-
dents he set and made this estimate 81
him: But though much of the WORK
Bismarck accomplished by his action
was undone BY his imltators. much ne
mains and Il is possible that his eS--
ample may serve as a warning instead
OF a lure in the future"
Cavour he described as practical
statesman who knew what was possible
and what was not. the maker OF ltaiy.
To Kossuth and Mazzini he attributed
much OF the passion for freedom which
spresd over the world in the last half
OF the nlnteenth century.
In closing he said that the great
things in the worlds history are brought
about by men who are ready at the call
OF opportunity to take their place and
guide the people honestly and skilfulE.
for the larger the population governed
the fewer are the men who are respct-
sibie and capable OF leading them ont
Of the dark