davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
COKE THE DETERMINING
ORNPIG IRON PRICE
A Drop of 80 Per Cent in the Price of Coke Re-
hected in 50 Per Cent Decline in Pig Iron.
tBy The washington Herald Economi.t.)


The fundamental product of the
iron and steel industry Is pig iron
Three principal raw materials en-
ter into this product, viz: iron ore.
coke and limestone. In round
numbers the proportions used are
two tons Of ore, one ton OF coke and
one-half tone OF limestone. The ex-
act figures for 1919 show that for
each ton of pig iron produced there
were consumed 1.s5 tons of ore, 1.03
tons of coke and 0.4s tons of lime
stone. Ordinarily the cost Of the
ore Is the most important element
of expense but the great increase
in the price of coke during the war
and since has made this the de-
termining factor.
The principal source of domestic
iron ore is the Lake Superior dis
trict. More than IS per cent of the
ore mined in the United States
comes from that region. The prin-
cipal producing States are Mime
sofa with an output Of 3o.o00,000 to
5000. .000tons per year, and Michi-
gan, where production runs from
100000 to 100000 tons. The
second most important district is
around Birmingham, Alabama, with
an output of 100000 to 1000, 900
tons annually. Wisconsin and New
York are the only other States
which produce as much as 1000. 900
tons per year.
Iron ore is graded according to
the percentage of phosphorus it
contains lnuy nf
phosphorus-under "A per cent
makes it available for the Bessemer
steel making process. The non-
Bessemer ore Is made into steel by
the basic open hearth process which
permits of the elimination of the
phosphorus.
The price of Lake Superior iron
ore ranged from $500 to $3.50 per
ton in 1914. The peak price was
reached in 1920 when it ranged as
high as 1920 for Mesabi Bessemer
ore at lake ports. The most i'm
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
Forest Fire Losses
Hit Nation Hard

Forest nres I'm the United States
destroy more than 2.0oo, COO 900
feet Of timber each year.
This represents enough Ium-
ber, according to the forest
service OF the department. Of
agriculture, to buiid hve-
room frame house every 100 feet
ON both sides Of road extend-
ing from New York to Chicago.
"with four people to q house.,
the omciaI announcement adds,
.these 100000 buiIdinEs would
house nearly one-fourth our
yearly increase In population"
More than 160,0 600 forest Ares
occurred In the United States
during the past ave years.
.These conhnErations,' ID Is
stated, "burned over 58,4ss. 900
acres and destroyed Ss5, ,700. 900
worth Of TIMBER
President Harding has pro-
claimed this week as Forest
Protection Week.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
TIMELY WALL STREET TOPICS

NEW. YORK. May. 2s.-Although
speculative sentiment showed
marked Improvement today, traders
seemed to lack confidence that the
rally would survive the remainder
OF the week. Both speculative fac
tions had the triple holiday in mind
and wondered whether 1t would be
safe on the one hand to continue
holding. long stocks or to go over
the short vacation with large COM
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27

ly as possible in proportion to the
ability of the tax payer to pay"
Mr.. Miller said. The present nom
income taxes to a considerable ex-
tent answer that requirement.. be-
cause the items taxed are such that
person in planning his personal
expenses could IL he would, live
with a considerable degree of COM
fort and still avoid paying any
large amount in respect to these
non-income taxes.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27

In 1914 -Bessemer Mesabi iron
ore was selling at the lower lake
ports at about $500 per ton. Con-
nellsville furnace coke was worth
s1.75 per ton. Assuming that two
tons of ore and one ton of coke are
required for a ton of pig iron the
cost of the raw material amounted
to S7.75 and the selling price of
basic valley furnace pig iron was
s12.87. The raw material represent
ed approximately so per cent of the
price of the finished pig iron
In 1920 when coke reached its
peak price of s17.75 per ton. iron
ore was quoted at 1855. making a
total cost of S3o.S5 or 81 per cent
Of the price of the finished pig iron.
which sold at s4s.1O. The price Of
ore remains relatively constant so
that the chief variable factor in tho
cost of pig iron is the coke. rne
price of furnace coke has dropped
from Sits in August. 1920, to s325
in May. 1921. The price of basic
valley furnace pig iron has dropped
Copyright, 1921, by I
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
NEW YORK PRODUCE.

NEW YORK. May z6.-Butter mar
ket firmer-active. Creamery extras
2sa30Hc; creamery firsts, 25a2sc;
creamery. higher scoring. 2sE q
3Ilzc: ladies, fresh, frsts. 22a22 &c
Cheese market steady - STATE,
whole milk specials. 15a17c; whole
milk fancy. 14ha1sc; whole milk,
lower grades. 1oa14c. Wisconsin
whole milk. fancy young Americas,
17a17hc.
Eggs-Market frmer Nearby
white. fancy. 3ia55c; nearby brown
fancy. S2a35c: extra 27c; frsts. % !
a25Lc
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
RURAL CREDIT BILL
FAVORED BY FARM
STATE SENATORS
Kenyon Measure Favored
By % Associates
At Meeting.
NEED OF ACT TOLD
Seeks to Standardize Paper
For Farm Credits In
Open Market

twenty-five senators from arr
cultural states who recently ferm-
ed an unonicisl body 20 study- va
rious farm bills pending in con-
gress, met yesterday in the senate
ONCE building and Endorsed the
Kenyon rural credits and multiple
insurance bill.
Senator Kenyon, author Of the
bill. and Senators Gooding. Stan
field. Hareld, Carrawsy. Ladd.
Smith. Bursum- Fletcher. Watson,
Of Georgia; McNaryy Harris. Norris.
Capper, Kendrick. La Follette, Hkr-
rison, Hehin. Spencer. Norheck.
Jones. Of Washington, and ShAp-
psrd. were present
Their report contained the fol-
lowing summary Of that bill:
The purpose Of the rural credit
society is 20 stsndsrdize paper for
agricultural production IN the open
market. and thus give the farmer
access 70 the financial and indus
trial centers for the sale of such
paper. whereas he is today restrict
ed to the local deposit banks. This
would not only materially reduce
the interest rate which the farmer
would have to pay, but IL would
provide the machinery for the cspi-
talization Of the actual tiiler zee
soil who possesses honesty. energy.
frugality and farming experience
The purposes Of Multiple Insur-
ance league are two fold. viz: =
First. to furnish sound and ~co-
nomic insurance of tvery kind as
security for the poor man who has
accumulated no property TO pledge
for credit for agricultural produc-
tion. and
The senate committee on agricui-
ture and forestry. TO which this hill
has been referred for consideration.
wiz - - e~-'-- faf~ ~->--i i-- =
subcommittee TO begin holding
hearings IN It Ihis bill ha e 4
indorsed by numerous livestock as
social tion<. the American Agric-
turaI Editors association. the
American Farm Bureau federation
and a number of professors in our
agricultural colleges.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
Iron, Coke and Steel Price.

Copyright by he Washington Herad)
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27

.Includes about 5000, 900 tons Of mill Gin
der, scale, etc, per year.
The five most important grades
Of pig iron are basic, Bessemer.
foundry, forge and malleable. The
first two are. used in making steel.
the foundry is used in iron castings
and the forge in making wrought
iron products. Basic pig iron, the
output of which is far greater than
any of the others, is used in max
ing steel by the open hearth method
In 1918 and 1919 the production of
pig iron by grades was. as follows:
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27


portant element in the cost of lake
ore Is the freight rate and the In
crease of some IS per cent in rail
rates last July has seriously affect
ed ore costs to distant furnaces.
Coke is the principal fuel used in
reducing iron ore in the bast fur
mace. Small amounts of pig iron,
less than 100000 tons, or about ~
per cent, are made with charcoal
or with anthracite and coke. Most
Of the coke is produced in the
southwestern part of Pennsylvania
in the Connellsville district. The
chief element of expense in the pro-
duction Of coke is the cost of min
ing bituminous coal. Here as in
the case Of ore the freight rates
are important elements in the cost
at the furnace.
Limestone used in smelling the
ore Is usually Quarried by the pig
iron producers near the furnaces.
1t constitutes very minor element
in the cost Of the finished sproduct.
The following table gives the
quantity Of materials consumed in
the manufacture of pig iron in 1918
and 1919. In 1920 the total pro-
duction Of pig iron was 36,414,114
tons.
The Washington herald., 1921-05-27
PRODUCTION OF PIG IRON BY GRADES.

from s4s.50 in September, 1920, to
S22.50 this month. The following
table gives a comparison of these
prices and the quotations on certain
steel products.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
FREEZE

Miss Agnes Warlick, who is teach
ing the Fairview school, went to
Moscow Saturday to spend the holt
days with her sister Mrs Geo. Ham
mond.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Higgins of
parents, Mr.. and Mrs Herman Voss.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lyman Clark spent
Christmas at Potlatch with their
daughter, Mrs. Lloyd Anger.
Bill Leistner and Mrs. F. K Leist-
ner were Moscow visitors, Saturday.
Miss Wilma Grow, who attends
high school in Palouse, is spending
the holidays at her home here.
Mrs. Archie Clark with her chill
dren, is visiting her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Chas. Hicks.
Carol Smith Violet Clark, Margaret
Grow, Elizabeth Grow, Ruth Acker-
man, Curtis Rohn, and Irwin Boyd re-
ceived certificates for perfect attend
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
BOOSTS ARMY MUSIC
Pershing Orders School Estab-
Iished in Washington.
Walter Damrosch Has Pledged Assist
ance in Work of Organization
Plan to Make Army Music as
Good as Best.

Washington.-Arm music soon will
compare with that of the best orches-
tras and bands of the country. Popu-
lar music will be supplemented by the
classical masterpieces and superband
and orchestra will be created from
army musicians.
General Pershing already has or
dered the establishment here of the
army music school, and Walter Dam
Symphony orchestra, has pledged him
assistance in the work of organization.
Both are determined, through the
school, to elevate music in the army.
The first move to better army music
was made by General Pershing soon
after he took over the office of chief of
staff. One of his first actions was to
transfer the school from Fort JAY New
York, and direct that it be reorganized
as a "superband, comparable only to
the splendid band which was organ
lied in France" Mr. DamrOsch at
first was opposed to the removal of the
school from New York, believing stu
dents would have better advantages
to hear good music and study it in New
York than in Washington. 1t was Mr..
Damrosch who organized the famous
"Pershing's Own" at Chaumont, head
quarters of the American expedition
airy forces, which won great distinction
among the military bands of the allied
armies, and later was sent to tour the |
United States during one of the Liber- |
~ loan campaigns.
First evidences of the success of the
school were exhibited recently when the
students were used to welcome the
yarious armament conference delega-
ions. The school band was called upon
o furnish music for the receptions
1t the Union station and attracted at
ention in every instance by the per-
ection with which it played.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
BIG BEAR RIDGE

A family Christmas dinner was en-
joyed at the VIM. Fairfield home by
a number of relatives.
Miss Nettie Lacey left Saturday fol
her home near Peck to spend the holi
days
A Christmas was given at the
church house Friday evening.
DR.. Otterman of Kendrick recently
made-a professional trip to the ridge
The Wallace Emmett family spent
Sunday with relatives in Kendrick.
Literary will be held New Years
eve.
Miss Mabel Smith is spending the
holiday with home folks near Oro-
finO
The Leon Ingle family were Troy
visitors recently
A family reunion was held at the
Otis Allen home Christmas day. Those
present were Mrs. Kate Galloway and
children. The G. j. Bower family and
Oscar Morey family
The Hecht Bros. are building a new
barn on their ranch.
Sunday School New Years Sunday
at 1920 a. m. Election of officers to
be held
Miss Claribel Ingle is home from
Lewiston to spend the holidays.
Funeral services for the late Mrs
Bessie Wright, an old resident of the
ridge, were held at the home of her
mother, Mrs. Emma Stockwell at
Charleston Saturday morning, after
which interment took place here at
the Wild Rose cemetery Saturday
afternoon Mrs. Wright leaves a hus-
band and two small children, besides
her mother, a number of sisters and
brothers to mourn her loss The COM
munity extends sympathy
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
PLANS BEING MADE TO
REHABlLITATE HAWAIIANS
Once Sturdy Race Has DWinded
From Quarter of Million to
$4,000 Souls.

The rehabilitation of the Hawaiian
race. which in the last century and q
quarter or since the advent of the
white man. has dwindled from a
sturdy quarter of a million to $4,000
souls, Is a problem which has agitated
the entire country during the past
Nv years. This agitation eliminated
Ia the passage by the present congress
earlier this year Of the Hawaiian
homes act, under which it Is planned
gradually to rehabilitate the Hawaiian
ice by putting it's people back on
lie land. The first experiment under
the new act will be tried on the island
Of Molokai starting probably early in
1922, and until the experiment has
ultimate success or failure will be a
moot question.
In view of these facts it is interest
ing to note that rehabilitation on
somewhat smaller scale has been in
successful operation under the Nor
mon missionaries in Hawaii for the
past 26 years, and that it has been
III tfiouSly ll4tu out uHutT llldl SdIue
church in Utah, where the Hawaiians
had shown themselves to be well adapt
ed to agricultural pursuits.
In 1895 Samuel f. Wooley, president
of the Hawaiian Mission, Church Of
Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.
collected little group of Hawaiians
at Laie, on the northern coast of the
island of Oahu, and then organized
one of the most successful agricultural
in the world. Starting
with barren piece Of land and a few
houses, moved from their former sites
to form little community, the Laie
settlement has grown steadily until
now its 500 citizens, the majority Of
whom are Hawaiians, own 5000 acres
Of the richest sugar land in Hawaii.
own and operate their own sugar mill
and are in many ways model COM
nunity.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
and British Columbia.

and British Columbia.
The sale period will be thirty years
and large plant will be required to
utilize all the timber within that time
The sales contract requires that pulp
manufacturing plant of not less than
100 tons daily capacity shall be estab-
lished in Alaska by the purchaser with
in three years. This section Of Alaska
has many unappropriated power sites
OF suitable capacity for large pulp and
paper plants.
The need of developing our pulp in
6ustry is emphasized by forestry ex-
perts, who point out that although
prior to 1909 all the paper consumed
in this country was manufactured
here, in 1920 two-thirds of the news
print In the United States was made
from timber grown on foreign soil.
Reduced to dollars and cents this
represents an annual payment of $751;
100000 for pulp wood, wood pulp and
paper which this country has been
obliged to import due to lack of raw
material available to existing pulp
mills. A partial solution Of this prob
lem, foresters say, lies in establish
ing pulp mills in Alaska, where there
is now large supply Of spruce and
hemlock and where wood can be grown
at rate sufficient to furnish in
American newsprint requirements.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
TAKE SALTS To
FLUSH KIDNEYS
Eat Less Meat if You Feel Backachy
or Have Bladder
Trouble.

Meat forms uric acid which excites
and overworks the kidneys in their
efforts to filter it from the system.
Regular eaters of meat must flush
the kidneys occasionally. You must
relieve them like you relieve your
bowels; removing all the acids, waste
and poison, else you feel dull mis-
cry in the kidney region, sharp pains
in the back or sick headache, dizzi-
ness, your stomach sours, tongue is
coated and when the weather is bad
you have rheumatic twinges. The
urine is cloudy, full of sediment; the
channels often get irritated, obliging
you to get up two or three times DUR
ing the night.
and flush off the body's urinous waste
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
WINS; GIVES AWAY FORTUNE
Aged Man Collects $28,557 Damages
and Endows Charities.


Thomas Carithers, eighty-five years
old, who received a verdict in Gibson
circuit court of Indiana of $28,557. 81
from Herds Clements, special judge
Of Mount Vernon, against his
brother, Joseph Carithers, a wealthy
banker of Princeton, in a suit involv-
ing trusteeship by Joseph over Thomas,
gave away the entire amount of the
judgment received.
To VIII Blair and Marsh I. Lewis
of Princeton, trustees. he gave $1,000
for a nurses home in connection with
the Methodist Episcopal hospital here.
To Will Blair, as trustee, he gave
$1,000 to be used for the benefit of the
United Presbyterian congregation
here, of which the donor is member.
He gave $1,000 for the upkeep Of
Archer cemetery. After paying his
attorney fees he disposed of the re-
mainder in personal requests. Thomas
Carithers Is a bachelor and nearly
blind
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
BIGGEST SALE Of
PULP WOOD BY U. s.
Two Billion Feet of Alaskan Tim
Der on Block; Sale Period
80 Years.

Two billion feet of Alaskan pulp
wood, the largest amount Of national
forest timber ever offered for sale,
is described in prospectus recently
issued by the forest service, United
States Department Of Agriculture. The
timber is within the Tongass National
forest, on the west side of Admiralty
with frontage Of forty-eixht miles
on navigable water and twenty-four
miles by boat from Juneau and 900
miles from Seattle. Four-ffths of the
timber Is Western hemlock and one
fifth Sitka spruce, both of which make
excellent grades of paper, as has been
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
PLAN OCEAN AIR ROUTE

Zeppelin Works Builds Craft for Span.
ish Traffic to South America.
Hugo Eckner, manager of the Yep
pelin works at Friedrichshafen, who
has just returned from a trip to South
America, revealed that negotiations be-
tween Spain and Argentina were ex-
pected to result In the opening of
transatlantic air communications be-
tween southern Spain and South
America.
He said the Zeppelin works were
planning the construction of an air.
ship Of 5000 cubic meters, capable
Of travelling 70 miles an hour, and
capable Of carrying 80 or 40 passen-
gers, besides mail and small parcels,
between Spain and South America.
and Of making the trip in four or FIVE
days.
Herr Eckner predicted complete
revolution in commercial relations be-
tween Europe and South America by
this means.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

Erik Reierson, one of the prosper
GUS farmers on Little Bear ridge, neal
Troy, was in Moscow on business
Mr.. Reierson has farmed on the ridge
for the past 10 years and states thai
he has never experienced crop fail
ure in that time and that he be-
lieves that is no better country on
earth. He has reared a large family
and accumulated comfortable for
tune during those years. He has one
daughter attending the University of
Idaho and two sons served their
country in France during the war. 1t
is Mr.. ReiersOn's theory of life that
the district where he lives must be
the best place on earth or he will not
stay there. Hence his opinion of La
tab county
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
WARNING ABOUT BANDITS
Banks Equip Branches With Sirens
Placed Outside.

Ear-splitting, raucous sirens are be-
ing installed on the outside walls Of
every one Of the Bank of Hamilton's
40 branches. And 1t is understood
that all the rest of the 10000 branch
banks in Canada will follow suit.
Numerous electric buttons are be-
ing installed in secret places in each
bank, so any member of the staff may
be able to reach one and set off the
siren In an emergency.
And the sirens are installed well
be unable to put them out Of order
before entering the banks.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
SCARED BY AIRPLANES
Engines Used on Them Not ConsId
cred Friendly by Cattle.

Nevada cattle have not yet become
used to airplanes, which means that
the Southern Pacific may be COM
PEELED to move its shipping pens al
Elko, New, whence thousands of head
start for market
The pens are adjacent to the land
ing field of the United States air mall
service, and the cattle, raised on the
mountains, and having never seen a
plane. go wild when the big flyers
come looming down.
The two-inch planks Of which the
pens are made are no stronger than
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

get about four ounces Of Jad Salts
from any pharmacy; take table,
spoonful in a glass Of water before
breakfast for a few days and your
kidneys will then act fine and bladder
disorders disappear. This famous
salts is made from the acid Of grapes
and lemon juice, combined with lithia
and has been used for generations to
clean and stimulate sluggish kidneys
and stop bladder irritation. Jad
Salts is Inexpensive; harmless and
makes a delightful effervescent
lithia water drink which millions OF
men and women taken now and then,
thus avoiding serious kidney and
bladder diseases.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

Modern Fashions Cause More Deatha
Modern fashions in dress are caus-
ing an alarming Increase In the death
rate from tuberculosis among young
girls, according to DR.. John E. Kent,
Of the New York board Of education.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

lance at school during December.
Mrs. j. F. Rohn was called to Col
fax Saturday by the illness of her
daughter. afNlU
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28
FRENCH TEST FLYING AUTO
Car With Folding Wings and Extra
Engine Is Success

A flying automobile is the latest de-
velopment in the French aero world.
A successful demonstration of an or
binary automobile with folding wings
one Of them ten horsepower for land
going and the other of 300 horsepower
for air travel, was held at Buo, Seine
et-Oise. The machine performed all
the usual featS of an airplane and also
of an automobile.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

are needed to restrain the frantic AMI
mails
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

MONEY TO LOAN
Money to loan on good farm Sc
curity. Abstract Office. 72-80
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1921-12-28

Science has discovered that, although
you may be able to tell lie and keep
a straight face, you can't tell lie and
maintain normal vision. That is one of
the disclosures that nature has. yielded
teaching people to throw away their
glasses. II has been demonstrated
by tests in the laboratory and in pri-
yate practice, with the aid of the
retinoscope.
Photo shows DR.. w. Fl. Bates, the
inventor, demonstrating the retino-
scope, with Miss Emily o. Herman for
subject.