davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-05-03

Chicago, May 3.-Buttr higher;
receipts 1859 tubs; creamery extras
81; firsts rs to rs; seconds 20 to "a;
standards 81.
Cheese lower: twins IA IA to
IA 1-2; twin daisies 13 ga to IA: sin
gle daisies 10 ga to IA; Americas
13 ga to "A; brick ia 1-2 to Is; long
horns 13 "a to IA.
Eggs higher; receipts 31.719 cases;
firsts %; ordinary ,firsts IS to 10. at
mark, cases included 20 to FL; stand
ards % Ia.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-05-03
SHOE REPAIRING

SHOE REPAIRING DONE By US Is
the 1nest. Send your shoes to us.
Parcel post paid one way Rand Bros.
Shoe Co. Repair Dept. r
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-05-03

THE SHOE HOSPITAL. PARCEL POST
paid way. John Sollaud. 5th 4 De-
Mers. Grand Forks. N. e.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-05-03
LIVE STOCK AND POULTRY.


PURE iBRED >."PARK STRAIN"
barred Plymouth rock Matching eggs.
7c per egg. G. A. Stamness. North
wooden. d.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-05-03

SEND YOUR SHOES BY PARCEL POST
to Smiths Shoe Shop. Is S. 4th St.,
Grand Forks, for first class repairing.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-05-03
LOST AND FOUND

LOST-oNE SPAN MARES, INDIAN
ponies, both bays, with white face anC
white feet. Notify Charles e. Colosky
Marvel, N, d.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22

ucherarim" (emancipated slaves).
The latter are not permitted to prac-
tice Jewish rites till they have OBJ
tanned a certificate of manumission
from their masters. The question Of
their racial purity was submitted
some years ago to Chief Rabbi of
Jerusalem, who decided that while
the "Shecharim ranked with ordi-
nary Jews, the "Meshucherarim'
must undergo the ritual bath before
they could be so regarded.
The White Jews of Cochin would
not at one time admit blacks to their
synagogue services. The white set
Element is many hundreds of years
old. The oldest stock came from
Cranganore in 1919. Others came
from Spain, shortly after the expul-
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22
THE JEWS OF INDIA.

The arrival of Lord Reading to
take up his appointment as Viceroy
of India serves to call attention to
the part which Jews have played in
the development of the Indian En-
pire. The Jews of India comprise
various sections, nationalities and
even races. Ethnographically, they
are divided into Black and White
Jews, the former being sprung from
marriages with native heather wom-
en-; or into native Jews and later
settlers. Geographically, they fall
into four principal divisions, being
distributed over the following dis
tricts: The Malabar coast, the Presi-
dency of Bombay, the Bengal Presi-
dency and Burmah. Another divi-
sion is into Cochin Jews, Bene Israel,
immigrants from Bagdad and it's
vicinity, Persia, Yemen and Southern
Arabia; and, lastly, Europeans.
The Jews Of Cochin represent one
of the earliest Jewish settlements in
India. The original colony is said to
have come to the Malabar coast from
Jerusalem after the destruction of
the Second Temple. Benjamin of
Tudela refers to them in his timer
airy. Their descendants are Black
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22

and White Jews, and one of the syna-
gogues in which they worship dates
from 1850 G. E., while the synagogue
of Paroor, in Travancore, goes fur
Their back still-to the year $50. The
early Jewish settlers in Malabar hav-
ing suffered much persecution at the
hands of the Moors and Portuguese,
a portion of them sought the protec-
ton of the Rajah of Cochin, which
was readily accorded them. They
were suffered to build a Jews town
in the vicinity of the palace eighth
century,. The copper plates on which
their privileges were inscribed are
still in the possession of the Jewish
community of Cochin. The Black
Jews are divided into two classes:
"Shecharim (blacks) and "Mesch
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22
Page Sir

legend answers this question. Moses,
so the legend runs, went to Serah,
the daughter of Asher, who was the
sole survivor of the generation of
Joseph, and asked her if she knew
where Joseph was buried. She told
him that the Egyptians had placed
the remains Of Joseph into a metal
casket, and sunk it in the Nile. There
upon, Moses betook himself to the
bank of the Nile and cried: Joseph,
Joseph, the time of Israel's redemp-
ton has come. If thou contest to the
surface, we shall live up to our oath.
But if thou dost not, the oath shall
not be binding upon us any more.
Thereupon the metal casket rose to
the surface.
Of the undated cruelty of the
Egyptian task masters, the rabbinic
legend runs as follows: On the very
last day of Israe's forced labors,
Rachel, the daughter of Shuthelah,
while treading clay for bricks along
side of her husband, gave birth to a
child, the child lying in the clay.
Thereupon the angel Gabriel formed
a brick out of the piece of clay that
embedded the child, carried it to the
highest heaven, and made it into
footstool before the throne of God.
1t was then that God looked upon the
suffering of Israel, and smote the
first born of the Egyptians.
The Bible story tells of the great
treasure the Israelites carried along
with them from Egypt. The later
legend adds: When the Israelites ar
rived at the Red Sea they took pos
session of Egypt's public treasure,
too, for Pharaoh, as is the wont of
kings, carried the country's treasure
with him, in order to have the wher-
withal to hire more mercenaries in
case of need. This treasure was cap
tured by the Israelites, and was great
er than the private wealth they had
carried off from Egypt.
The Bible legend of the Pillar of
Cloud and the Pillar of Fire that led
the Israelites on their journey through
the desert is familiar. The rabbinic
legend amplifes it as follows: God
surrounded the Israelites with seven
clouds of glory, one in front, one in
the rear, and one on each side of
them, one above and one beneath them
to protect them against thorns and
snakes. One cloud preceded and lev
eled the road for them. During their
forty years. journey no artificial light
was necessary, for a beam from the
cloud Of glory followed them every
where, into the darkest recesses, and
even when outside the camp, an Israel
tie was always enveloped by fold
of the cloud for protection. At night
a pillar of fire took the place of the
cloud. And the pillar of fire glowed
in front of them at dusk before the
cloud retired, and in the morning the
cloud appeared before the pillar Of
fire was extinguished.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22
THE AMERICAN JEWISH WORLD

origin. Some, again, are said to nave
come from Egypt. Although the re-
lations between the blacks and whites
were formerly very embittered, they
have grown more harmonious IN
modern times. The Hebrew School
is now attended by the children OF
both communities. The tendency OF
the leading merchants of the Mala-
bar Coast is to leave that part OF In
dia and settle in Bombay. One of the
most ancient and interesting sections
of Jews, settled for the most part in
Bombay, are the Bene Israel, who
number some 10000 souls. They,
too, are divided into Black and White
Jews. The former, known as "Kala
Israeli" are not permitted to marry
or be buried among their white core
ligionists. Until few generations
ago they were almost lost to the gen
eral community of Jews. They were
a poor, ignorant body, consisting
principally of masons, artisans, oil
pressers and soldiers. They had no
knowledge of Hebrew, though they
had always observed Circumcision,
the Sabbath and festivals and the
dietary laws. The few among them
who possessed any education were
trained in the schools of the mission
aries. But of late years their COM
munity has been entirely regenerated
and has made notable advancement
in Jewish and general culture, thanks
largely to the efforts of Joseph Eze-
kiel Rajpurkar and Benjamin Sam
son Ashtamkar. Today they publish
an excellent annual and Year
Book" which gives a full account of
their communal institutions and pub
lications They have always been
distinguished as warriors, and many
of their number have risen to the
highest rank to which natives in the
Indian army are eligible. Quite a
considerable number of the present
generation have university degrees
and hold government appointments.
They are an extremely ambitious
community and are making rapid
strides.
The modern Jewish settlers in In
dia are represented by the Jews of
Bagdad and other parts of Asia, and
Europeans. 1t is to the former cate
CORY that the family of SassOOn be-
long, their ancestor having resided in
Bagdad, where the title of ''Nassi,"
Prince of the Captivity, was conferred
on him. His son (David) left Bag
dad for Bushire, in Persia, and sub
sequently, in 1880, settled in Bonn
bay, where he founded the firm OF
David Sassoon & Co. The family of
Sassoon have so intimately identified
themselves with the commercial and
educational development of Bombay
and other parts of India that the
modern progress of the Jews of Bonn
bay and Calcutta can only be traced
as part of the larger history OF their
public activities. They have founded
synagogues and schools, hospitals
and charities, and established various
public endowments amounting to mil
lions of rupees. The first Bagdad
Jew to settle in Bombay was Jacob
Seman, who came from Bagdad about
$50 years ago. At first he and his
coreligionists worshipped with the
Bene Israelite community. This ar
rangement lasted till David Sassoon
established a synagogue in Byculla
for the Bagdad Jews and those hall
ing from Arabia. The European
Jews form a distinct class. At one
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22
Glrr 5rnrr-

All who are homeless
Yet masters shall be,
Slaves who are this year
The next shall be freer
Children ask Questions"
And father replies;
Playfully sparkle
The wine and the eyes.
Hymns of redemption
All merrily sing,
Queen is each mother,
Each father, king.
Midnight. The Seder
Is come to an end;
Guardian angels
From heaven descend.
Each one a message
OF liberty brings,
Scattering blessings
Of peace from his wings.
v
Asleep is the townlet,
The field, and the lake;
Only the full moon.
Above is awake,
Shedding it's tender,
Its silvery light,
Guarding Gods chosen,
Gods people tonight.
Philip M. Raskin,
In Songs of a Wanderer.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1921-04-22

COTTAGES whitewashed,
And cosy and neat,
Smilingly waiting
The spring feast to meet.
Happy-faced children
At play here and there,
Perfume and freshness
Of spring in the air.
Bashfully blushing,
The sun, like bride,
Goes down in crimson
In Westland to hide.
Fair is the twilight,
And fragrant and still;
Little by little
The synagogues fill.
One by one kindle
The nights cleaning eyes:
Candles in windows,
And stars in the skies
Ill
Ended in Shul is
The service divine;
Seder is started
With legends and wine.
Father is blessing
The night of all nights;
All who are hungry
To feast he invites
The mirror., 1921-08-04
~ LEXANDER Henry, the fur
~ trader, was British-American,


~ trader, was a British-American,
born in New Jersey, then a
British colony, and came to Canada
with Amherst's Army which, in 1860,
completed the conquest of the coun-
try. He was a man of strong char
acter, clever, energetic, resourceful,
and enterprising.
Soon after arriving here he was in
the country of the Great Lakes with
large stock of goods, trading with
the Indians for furs. He was at
Michillimackinac when the garrison
was massacred by Indians engaged in
Pontiac's war. He escaped, and for
a number of years continued to trade
about the Lakes. The Far West Of
fered wider field and larger profits,
and in June, 1775, he set out from
Sault Ste. Marie for the prairie coun-
try, now Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
and Alberta. The canoe was then
the only practical means of travel,
dIlu II lldIlSpOI tdllOIl.
Henry's Aotilla consisted of twelve
small canoes, each navigated by three
men, and four large canoes, each with
crew of four men. The canoes were
laden with goods that had cost Henry
three thousand pounds sterling, or
fifteen thousand dollars in round
numbers.
The hotilla followed the common
waterway from Lake Superior to
Lake Winnipeg-the Pigeon River,
Rainy Lake and the Lake of the
Woods, down the Winnipeg River,
which Henry calls Winipegon; to
Lake Winnipeg.
Proceeding northward towards the
Saskatchewan river, Henry fell in
with Joseph and Thomas Frobisher,
Z two of the most prominent men in the
North West fur trade, and leading
rivals of the Hudson's Bay Company.
Henry and the Frobishers, with the
crews of ten canoes, decided to winter
together, selecting for their winter
camp point on the Churchill river,
east of Beaver lake. The destination
was reached just in time, for the
morning after their arrival, the lake
froze over, and the canoe route was
closed until spring.
The chances these early fur-traders
took, and the extent to which they
depended upon the resources of the
wilderness, are shown by the circum-
stances under which the Henry-Fro-
bisher party faced the oncoming of
winter in the Northland. There
were forty-three men in the party,
and when they arrived at their desti-
nation they had food for only three
days. Winter was at hand, on all
sides was the wilderness, and the near
est trading post from which succor
could be obtained, was one hundred
miles distant. Habitations had to be
built and food procured at once, or
all would perish from exposure and
starvation.
Henry wrote journal in which he
gave detailed account of his doings
in the West. He relates how the
winter camp on the Churchill was
established, and provisioned with
winter only a few days distant.
The men were at once divided into
three parties, two being sent on to
Beaver Lake to set nets through the
The mirror., 1921-08-04
Vol. XXXV: No. !

Saskatchewan, few miles east of the
site of the present town of Prince
Albert.
After resting few days at the
fort, Henry and his two companions
accompanied a band of Assiniboine
Indians, who were returning to their
village some distance to the west. On
the second day of their journey, soon
after sunrise, they deserted a great
herd of buffaloes, oxen" Henry calls
them, extending a mile in length
and too numerous to be counted. They
travelled, not one after another as,
in the snow, other animals usually do,
but in broad phalanx, slowly and
sometimes stopping to feed. We did
not disturb them, because to have at
tackled them would have occasioned
much delay, and they were already
sufficiently burdened not to need the
addition of the spoil"
Driven by the storm from the open
plains, herd of .bufaloes came up to
shelter themselves in the woods. The
buffaloes were so numerous and bold
that they would have trampled over
the Indian camp had it not been for
the pack of savage ours that kept the
buffaloes in check. The Indians killed
several close to their tents, but neither
the firing of the Indians nor the noise
of the dogs could drive the buffaloes
away, and they remained in an ad-
jacents grove until the storm abated.
Upon arriving at the Indian vii
lage, which Henry estimated had
population of about three thousand,
: the fur-trader and his companions
were given hearty welcome. They
were provided with lodge, guards
were stationed in order to keep the
curious at distance, and feast was
given in their honor at which boiled
buffalo-tongue was the principal dish.
Feeding on the skirts of the plain
was troop of horses, which, writes
Henry, "The Assiniboines possess in
numbers" The Spaniards, many
years before this time, had introduced
horses into Mexico and the southern
part of the Mississippi Valley. From
time to time these horses escaped from
their owners, and their offspring be-
came numerous. They spread north
ward, and when Henry visited the
Assiniboines in 1776 they had several
droves of horses, but they still moved
camp with the aid of dogs and hunted
the buffaloes on foot. Twenty years
later, travellers found all this
changed. Horses had come into gen.
eral use as beasts of burden, and the
hunters were mounted.
Henry accompanied the Indians on
a grand buffalo hunt. The scene of
the slaughter was grove or bluff,
which he calls "an island on the
plain" Here was a pound, or en-
closure, formed by fence about four
feet high, and built of strong stakes
of birch, and into which were woven
the small branches of the same wood.
Having repaired the enclosure, the
Indians decoyed and drove the buff
faloes into the pound and there
slaughtered them in great numbers.
In one day this party killed seventy
two. The meat and the hides were
loaded on sledges and hauled back to
the village by the dogs. The Jumps
of fat taken from the (Pags 9, COL 81
The mirror., 1921-08-04
TRAVELLING IN THE WEST>A CENTURY AGO
Selected

ice and catch fish, while the third
party was set to work building the
houses. Within ten days all were
commodiously lodged, the log build
ings being raised around a square, the
whole presenting fort-like and for
midable appearance. One house was
for the three traders, and the men had
four. The practice was to bury the
canoes below the frost limit, in order
to protect them from the severe cold,
which caused the bark to split but it
was now the middle of November
and and the ground was already
frozen so hard that the pits could not
be dug. Scaffolds were therefore
erected, and the canoes were deposited
on them. The houses being finished
the men were divided anew into four
parties of nine men each, four being
reserved as wood-cutters, and each
party was charged with the duty of
providing its own food. y
The winter camps having been
made secure, and the needs of the men
provided for, on New Years Day,
1776, Henry land Joseph Frobisher,
accompanied by two men, set out for
Cumberland House.. Hudson's Bay
Company's post on Sturgeon lake,
about two miles north of the Sas-
katchewan river, and now just within
the eastern frontier of the Province of
Saskatchewan. On the fourth day
they reached their destination, where
Frobisher remained, but Henry and
his two men struck out into the will
derness to the southwest for the
prairie country. The cold was in
tense; the supply of provisions SO
small that Henry feared it would not
last until they came up with a band
of Indians from whom buffalo meat
could be procured.
AS they journeyed towards the
prairies, the woods began to dwindle.
1t became difficult to find enough
wood for making a fire, and without
a fire they would have no drink, for
which they used melted snow.
One night the snow fell to the
depth of foot, making impossible the
use of the tobaggan on which they
hauled their camp equipment and
food. The tobaggan was, therefore,
abandoned the travellers carrying on
their backs their supplies, which were
diminishing at a rapid rate. In the
direction in which they were proceed
ing, the nearest post, Fort des Prai-
ries, was distant twelve days journey,
and the stock of provisions was suf-
fcient for only five days. Starvation
seemed probable, but the three pushed
>on.
Five days later they ate the last of
their provisions, except cake of
chocolate, which Henry had concealed
in reserve for such an emergency.
That day they tramped as long as
their strength held out, and then they
camped. By melting snow two gal
Ions of hot water were secured, and
into this Henry put enough chocolate
to color the water. Each drank half
a gallon of the liquid, and was much
refreshed. Henry assured his COM
The mirror., 1921-08-04

panions that the chocolate he had
would keep them alive for five days,
and during that time they were almost
certain to meet Indians who would
supply them with food.
In the morning more warm water,
favored with chocolate, was drunk
and for six hours they pushed on with
great vigor. Then the men became
exhausted, and they declared they
could 60 no farther. They advised
Henry to leave them and save him
self. AS for themselves, they said
they might as we'll die there as any
where else. Another warm drink
revived them, and the march was con-
tinued until nightfall.
In the morning the last square of
chocolate was put into the kettle, and
when the meagre breakfast had been
finished, the party was entirely with
out food. They plodded on through
the snow, surrounded during the
greater part of the day by large packs
of wolves, which at times came close
to the men, as if, knowing their ex-
tremity, they had marked them for
their prey. Henry fired at them sew
eral times but always missed. "A
morsel of VOLTS fesh," writes Henry
would have afforded us a banquet.
Death by starvation now seemed in
evitable, but with sunset came re-
newed hope. On the ice they dis
covered the remains of the bones of
moose, left there by the wolves. The
bones were quickly gathered, placed
in a kettle with large quantity of
snow, and put over a fire, producing
says Henry, "a meal of strong and
excellent soup. The greater part of
the night was passed in boiling, and
regaling on our booty; and early in
the morning we found ourselves
strong enough to proceed"
During the day they came upon an
ample supply of food in most re-
markable manner. Crossing a river,
they observed the horns of red deer
rising above the snow that covered
the ice. "On examination" writes
the fur-trader, 1--WE found that the
whole carcass was with the horns, the
animal having broken through the ice
in the beginning of the winter, in at
tempting to cross the river too early
in the season, while his horns, fas-
tened themselves in the ice, had pre-
vented him from sinking. By cutting
away the ice we were enabled to lay
bare part of the back and shoulder,
and thus procure stock of food am
ply sufficient for the rest of our jour
ney. We accordingly encamped, and
employed our kettles to good purpose.
Though the deer must have been in
this situation since November, its
flesh was perfectly good. Its horns
alone were five feet high, and it will,
therefore, not appear extraordinary
that they should be seen above the
snow"
Their vigor renewed, the three
men pushed on, and two days later
they came to Fort des Prairies, which
stood below the junction of the
North and the South branches of the
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1921-06-21
US. AIRCRAFT
SINKFORMER
GERMAN UBOAT
Test Was to Prove or Dis
prsve Theory as to
Surface Craft

WASHINGTON. June 2l.-- The
former German submarine U-Ii7 was
sunk off Cape Charles today BY the
first squadron Of naval seaplanes
which bombed X, according 10 reports
received BY the navy department.
Like a swarm Of mosquitoes from
the nearby marshes bearing death
dealing" stings, scores Of aircraft
swept out TO sea today TO seek and
destroy the submarine i'm the first OF
a series Of tests 10 prove or disprove
the claims Of the air service experts
that the development Of military air
craft spelled doom for surface war
craft.
The squadron j. composed Of three
F-5-L types naval planes each carry
ing four bombs weighing l63 pounds
each. Under the orders Of the fligt
the planes could drop bombs in any
manner selected at a safe altitude.
Neval officers estimated 1000 feet
a. the minimum for safety.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1921-06-21
NEGRO SLASHED In
DOMESTIC ARGUMENT

Inspiration. perhaps, from Eman-
cipation day. and probable longing
for freedom from the bonds Of matri-
mony resulting frcn suspected in
diligence in alcoholic li-uor~ last night
found a kirgSville negro with an
eight-inch slash. presumably from z
razor. across his abdomen.
An argument between the negro
and his better half according TO his
stcry. brought a razor into play. and
the negro came out the worst for the
argument
One Of the night policemen brought
the wounded one 10 a doctors office
where the cut was attended.
A chivalrous thought. il is believed.
prompted the negro TO attemp. shield
ing the razor wielder. and the first
story was one of being thrown out
Of an auto and on 70 wire fence.
But warned that he would be con
nected with another disorderly affair
which occurred last night. he told of
his domestic troubles. and the prom
lnent part Of the razor In the affair.