davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1921-05-05

Electric ovens are used more in the
automobile industry than in any other
field. Here 100000 XIV. are used in
baking the japan on 5000 automo-
bile bodies every day. In few years
the automobile whose japaned parts
are not baked in an electric oven will
be rarity. Other large users of
electric ovens are foundrieS, for bak-
ing cores; telephone and typewriter
manufacturers; manufacturers of iron
and bed frames, and chemical manu-
facturers of various sorts.
Oven processes include baking, air
tempering, drying and sherardizing.
OF these four the first is the most
used, the other two are quite COM
mon, and the last is process for pro-
tecting exposed iron parts from cor
rOSiOn.
In many of these processes, ac-
curate regulation of heat, and auto
matte control are absolutely necessary,
because many materials are irrevoca-
bly, ruined by slight change in the
temperature of the oven. And here
again manufacturers have found that
the saving in material which was
spoiled by the vagaries of the fuel
heated furnace has more than paid
for the increased expense of installing
and operating a bank of electric ovens.
Of these three classes of ovens,
those installed for baking are the most
numerous. The work they do varies:
baking japan on various articles, bak-
ing enamels, cores and colored inks on
lithographic plates. The japan bak-
ing oven has been developed from the
experimental stage in the last four
years. The process of baking japan
in fuel-burning ovens owing to the
fact that volatile and explosive liquids,
such as naphtha and kerosene, are
used as solvents, has always been
somewhat hazardous operation. The
gases given off are of highly-explo-
sive nature, and frequently these
ovens have exploded with decidedly
disastrous results. Another fault of
this fuel oven was that in baking the
lighter colors of a japan or enamels,
SCOT from the gas sometimes would
discolor the baking articles. Some OF
the ovens used in this work are of
the conveyor type, SO that loads can
be loaded and unloaded while one is
baking. The capacity of two of these
ovens used in one plant is greater than
that of six gas-heated ovens, formerly
used to do the same work. 1t takes
about three-quarters of an hour to
complete a baking in one factory
where these ovens are largely used,
which more than doubles the number
of loads finished per day, with saw
ing of 70 cents per load, which ran
up into thousands of dollars when
figured on daily basis. The quality
of work turned out is superior to that
of the old type; it requires little or
10 attention, and the fire hazard is
largely eliminated.
1t is interesting to know that new
type of japan is being developed
which consists of an emulsion of the
asphalt base with water, thus remov-
ing the fire hazard, besides being
much cleaner to handle. This pro-
cess is called water japan.
Ovens are used for many other pur-
poses; sterilizing dental page 8, Col a).
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1921-05-05
Established 1887
t is only within the past decade
that engineers have come to the

~ OiI1y WlliiiIl liiS Pdol uSSouN
that engineers have come to the
realization that heat generated by
electricity has enormous possibilities
of industrial development. Of course
it has always been known that cleo
tricity passing through wire created
heat of varying degrees and intensity,
but formerly this was considered more
in the light of an unavoidable nuis-
ance than otherwise.
AS the electrical industry devel-
oped, however, and central stations
of ever-increasing size were built, en-
gineers began to look for means
whereby stations could sell their cleo
tricity to the best advantage to them
selves and the customers they served.
This resulted in the rapid Develop
ment of electric heating devices until
today 100000 K. w. or $4,000
horse power is used for industrial pur-
poses alone. This figure represents
some 71a per cent of the electric
energy used for all other industrial
uses, for it has recently been estimated
that about 100000 horse power is
used by electric motors in manufact-
uring.
The principal factor contributing
to. the increased use of electric heat
ing appliances is the way in which
they answer the modern demand for
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES not only
in the saving of natural resources, but
the saving of time, materials and the
reduction of the uncertain personal
element" to minimum, as we'll as
the improvement of the product.
Despite the fact that the conversion
of fuel into electric heat is only reach
ed after long and complicated series
of steps, whose ultimate efficiency is
but 20 per cent, it has met require
ments so well that in time it will un-
doubtedly replace the use of fuel heat
ing to an enormous extent. At Nj
agara Falls, for example, fully go
per cent of the energy now generated
is used for industrial heating pur-
poses. In fact, its development in re-
cent years has gained such headway
that it bids fair to surpass, in energy
consumption, both the light and power
branches of electrical service together.
With the enormous amount OF un-
developed hydraulic power in the
country, it is not easy to predict where
the final stopping point will be, be-
cause it is by water power that cleo
trical energy can be most efficiently
developed as regards money input
versus output. The limits to the use
of electricity, produced hydraulically,
can be grasped only when it is
realized that there is one hundred
and twelve million potential horse
power on the continent of North
America still undveloped.
Most industrial heating of former
days was obtained through three
mediums coal, oil or gas. Taking
coal as an example in reaching the ex-
ceedingly high temperature necessary
in some processes, 8S per cent of the
B. T. u, or heat units, in pound
of coal are used up in merely raising
the fuel and the excess air of the fur
mace to the required temperature,
thus wasting the natural resources
upon which we depend so much, and
making the average industrial town
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1921-05-05


There are other types of electric
furnaces, which, although simple in
construction, are capable of doing in
one operation things which formerly
took several heatings. In making
shells, for example, for large caliber
guns, it is necessary to expose different
sections of the same shell to different
degrees of heat. With an electric
furnace this is done by simply combin-
ing heat units of. varying resistance,
according to the degree of heat de-
sired, in the same furnace.
The late war was responsible for
many new devices designed with a
view to increasing production quick
ly. One of the things the govern
ment needed most was ships-lots of
them, and in building ships an enor-
nous amount of rivets have to be
heated, and that quickly. The usual
method or heating these rivets was in
a forge, usually burning coke or oil
as fuel, which was after careful sur
vey, found to be woefully inefficient.
The attendance was large, requiring
blower man as we'll as a passer;
large quantities of rivets were burned,
welded together, or insufhciently
heated in the forge, and when it had
to be taken into the hold of the ship
for use, the difficulties of operation
were only exceeded by the vileness of
the atmosphere resulting from the
fumes of the forge.
The result was the electric rivet
heater. Rivets are>now heated by in
serting them between two copper bars
carrying heavy current, supplied by
a transformer. Since the iron of the
rivets themselves is material of high
resistance, they are heated thoroughly
and quickly. The bars are operated
by foot pedal, so that when the
rivets are removed, or are being
placed in position to be heated, the
current ceases to flow. The whole ap-
paratuS is easily portable.
1t was found that this simple ma
chine heated the rivets throug ghout;
that, inasmuch as the energy was used
only when the rivets were actually
being heated, there was no waste of
heat; that there were no noxious
fumes or spoiled and wasted rivets,
and that the machine was nearly fool
proof. The attendance was reduced
to a minimum, and there was no
necessity of supplying fuel, with the
consequent trouble in disposing of
the ashes when it was being operated
in more or less inaccessible parts of
ship. 1t has a capacity of 800 14-inch
rivets, one inch long per hour, which
is enough under ordinary conditions
for gang of gun riveters.
The place where electric heat has
found its greatest application, from
the standpoint of number of installa-
tions at least, is in the electrically
heated oven, or air-drying and baking
apparatus, as one prefers. 1t is sur
prising how many proudcts that are
necessities of our everyday life require
an oven treatment somewhere in the
course of their manufacture.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1921-05-05
Saltwater, Minnesota, Thursday, May 5, 1921.
ELECTRICAL HEATING IN INDUSTRY
Selected

anything but healthful or pleasant
place in which to live.\
With electrical heat, temperatures
that are impossible to fuel-generated
heat are reached quickly, economical
ly, and without any consequent de-
Element of the surrounding atmos-
phere. Along the same line of con-
servation, manufacturers are begin
ming to realize that the elimination of
spoiled and unfit products, whether
rendered so by inefficient and unre-
liable methods of heating, or by care
less employees is just as much conser-
vation. as anything else. Also the
elimination of unnecessary labor, and
the establishment of cleaner, safer
working conditions, tend toward the
attainment of the rapid rate of pro-
duction which is the paramount de-
mand of the present industrial era.
Thus the variety of processes to
which electric heat is applicable has
given rise to many devices for its use,
ranging all the way from a metal
melting furnace, whose production is
$4,000 pounds day, through the
oven field, to small metal melting pots
with capacity of Is pounds of metal.
In the domestic field $4,000 electric
ranges and an uncounted number of
small household appliances are in use.
All furnaces, ovens, ETC., claim econ
omy and perfection of their finished
products.
To take the brass furnace as typi-
cal example of what can be done by
the application of electric heat in
overcoming the difficulties of special
lied operation, in the fuel-heated brass
furnace, one of the greatest draw
backs is the loss of zinc through vola-
tilization and oxidation due to the
high temperature of the applied heat,
as we'll as the atmospheric conditions
surrounding the bath.
In the electrically-heated brass fur
mace both these conditions are abso-
lutely under the control of the opera
tor. There are several types of brass
furnaces in use today: the arc type,
which has no automatic control but
low first cost; the induction which
Just fits field where productions can
be placed on 24-hour basis; the car
bon resister, best for temperatures
not exceeding 1000 c, and the muf-
fled type, more expensive, but the only
one that can be operated automati-
cally.
This furnace can be operated at
higher temperature than the carbon
resister type, and at the same time can
be regulated to operate at lower tenn
peratures economically, but with the
additional feature of automatic con-
troll. The electric furnace, in actual
use, has reached the temperature OF
$500 c. Recent experiments in a
research laboratory have, however,
developed furnace which gives a
temperature of 1900 C-enough to
volatilize diamonds. A comparison of
these temperatures with that of the
sun, which is estimated at 5000 {,
gives a striking idea of what can be
accomplished in handling refractory
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
ENTERTAINMENT AT SALEM.
Music Glass will Present Program on
Next Sunday Morning.

Salem, March 28.-Special: The
music class Of Salem is planning
under the direction Of It's teacher, tC
render the following program at the
Salem school house on Sunday morn.
ing, April Sd, at 10.45 sharp (stand,
ard time):
Opening Song-Glad Welcome to
All. BY class.
DeyOtions by Rev. r. +. Jones.
Organ s.lo--Miss Edith Whitten
Song-Little Drops Of Water, Miss
Alice Written.
g-"America for God. Mrs
Lena Nix.
Vocal duet--Star of the East. BY
Misses Jessie Mae Ward and Chris.
tine Jones.
Hymn My Hope is Centered
There. Miss Artie Manley.
Recitation - No Telephones in
Heaven. Miss Agnes Greene.
Song-Two Little Hands. Eight
small children.
Organ solo-Miss BERTHE Manley.
Song-In the Temple. Master FL
mer Whitten.
Recitation - The Jericho Rose.
Mrs. Bessie Whitten.
them Never. Misses Artie and Ber-
tie Manley.
Reading-Praying for Shoes. Miss
Clarette Jones.
Organ solo-Master Elmer Whit
ten.
Reading-We are Building TWO a
| Day. Miss Christine Jones.
Vocal duet = Beautiful Isle OF
Somewhere. Misses Leora Smith
Christine Jones. Jessie Mae Ward.
Mrs. Bessie Whitten.
Organ solo-Twinkle, Twinkle,
Little Star. Miss Agnes Greene.
| Organ solo-Golden Rod. Miss
Artie Manley.
Reading-A Sailors Prayer. Mas
ter Elmer Whitten.
Vocal solo--Face to Face.
Song-Dear Little Stranger. Miss
Edith Whitten.
Recitation - Baby's Disappoint-
ment. Miss Alma Whittap.
Organ duet. Misses Artie and Ber-
tie Manley.
Song-Honor-Brigh Cadets. Eight
small children.
Song-What They Seem to Say.
Miss Alice Whitten.
Reading-Dreams OF the Universe
Miss Jessie Mae Ward.
Vocal duet-Unans wered Yet Mrs
Lena Nix and Miss Lille Stoddard.
Recitation-Echoes of Old Hymns.
Miss Artie Manley.
Vocal solo-The Sinner and the
Song. Mrs. Bessie Whitten.
Organ solo-Pansy Waltz. Miss
Clarette Jones.
| Reading-What the Little Girl
Said. Miss Alice Whitten.
Song-Will the Angels Let Me
Play? Miss Alma Whitten.
Organ solo-Miss BERTHE Man'nv.
Reading There will be R0pnl in
! FQaven. NisS Lcora smith. ~
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
WALHALLA, s. @.
WEDNESDAY,, MAIsOH 30, 1921.
CLEAN UP NEXT FRIDAY.

On the first page this week will
be found a very timely call by Mayor
Brown for cooperation on the part
OF the citizens Of Walhalla in MAX
ing Friday of this week, April 1st,
a real Cleanup Day" His appeal
should be needed, and every assist
ance and cooperation should be
given the Mayor and members Of
Council and the ladies Of the Civic
League in their efforts to have Wal
halla thoroughly cleaned up at the
beginning Of spring.
We need not wait till Friday NOR
ming to begin the work. Let us begin
now and have better job OF 1T when
"Clean-up Day" comes to its close
A little rivalry OH the part Of the
citizens will go long way toward
perfect cleaning up Of the town.
Let each one determine that his or
her place shall be the cleanest in the
neighborhood. With this spirit of
friendly and neighborly rivalry we
will indeed have a clean town. And
we can keep 1T clean If we will just
carry out the rivalry for cleanliness
and beauty from one years end to
another. Every day will be cleanup
day, and, Walhalla will be clean or
every day Of the year.
Let us resolve to clean up next
Friday and keep clean in the future
A little care will do the work.
At any rate 1t is worth trying
Let's clean up thoroughly Friday and
soc X We can hccp things clean da +,
bE day. We VIII % surprised NvNcn
We find how much easier and Octicl
!, IS 20 keep Cloan than to have t.
clean up.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
SUMMONS FOR RELIEF.

The State Of South Carolina,
County Of Oconee.
IN COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
Robert II. Wright and Nat c. Nave,
as Partners doing business under
Style and Firm Name Of Wright
& Nave, Plaintiffs,
against
B. II. Wilburn, Defendant.
SUMMONS FOR RELIEF. - (Com-
plant Served.)
To tho Defendant Above Named:
You are hereby summoned and re-
quired to answer the Complaint In
this action, Of which copy Is here
with served upon you, and to serve
a copy Of your Answer to the said
Complaint on the subscriber, at
his Office, on the Public Square, at
Walhalla Court House, South Caro-
lima, within twenty days after the
service hereof, exclusive Of the day
Of such service; and If you fail to
answer the Complaint within the
time aforesaid, the Plaintiffs in this
action will apply to the Court for the
relief demanded In the Complaint.
Dated this 11th day of February,
1921. II. l.. HFRNDON,
plaintiffs Attorney.
March s, tH21. l0-l2
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
CAMPAIGN TO SAVE THE BABIES
Active Work In tho Interest Of tho
Infants has itoon Begun.

Baby specialists from among the
medical profession of Columbia and
Charleston, Greenyiile. Anderson,
Rock HIN, Seneca, Allendale and
opartanburg have volunteered their
services for the great Save tho
Baby Campaign" according to an
nouncement made by the chairman,
DR.. D. Lesesne Smith. The campaign
is being put on by the South Caro-
dina Sunday School Association for
the two-fold purpose Of emphasizing 6
the physical and spiritual care OF the
small children Of South Carolina.
The Save the Baby" campaign,
which plans to decrease the rate OF
infant mortality and enroll more 1T
tie children in the Sunday school
is said to be particularly timely on
account Of the startling facts that
have just been disclosed by census
reports:
|. One hundred and thirteen ba.
bies out OF every thousand in South
Carolina die before they are year
old.
2. Only one white child in four in
the State Is connected with any Sun.
day school.
Among the first places in the State
to report as having begun active or
ganization for the community "Save
the Baby campaign are Spartan
burg. under the leadership Of Mrs
G. K. Earle: Anderson. under thu
leadership Of the County Federation
OF Clubs: Orangeburg, with Mrs
Adam Moss as chairman: Green
wood, Mrs. ]. G. Hemphill, Jr.. a!
chairman; Cotageville. Mrs. w. T.
Willis; Lake City. Miss Blanche
Smith. chairman; Manning, Mrs. 10!
Sprott; Joncsville. Mrs. G. A. Little
john; Union, Mrs. J. p. Byars: West
minister Mrs. D. +. Mulkey; Gaffney
Mrs. Terissa wilson; Blacksburg
Mrs. 3. +. Darst, and Charleston
Miss Annabelle McInnes,
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30

Editor Keowee Courier:
Please allow us space in your pa
per to extend our thanks to our
many friends for their kindness and
sympathy shown us during the re-
cent illness and at the death of our
dear son and brother. We especially
thank DR.. Mays for his faithfulness
and Kindness to us. May Gods rich
est blessings rest and remain with
each and every one Of them.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. f. Bruce
and Children.
Westminster, r. F. D. adv.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE.

NOTICE Is hereby given that un-
der the authority vested in mo by
the Internal Revenue Laws Of the
United States, one Essex Roadster
Automobile, Motor No. 45546, which
was captured In Oconee County on
the 5th day OF March, 1921, while
being used transporting alcoholic
liquors. will be declared forfeited to
tho United States thirty days after
tho first publication Of this notice.
Any and all persons having any claim
in or to said automobile must file
them with the undersigned on or be-
fore tho date above named.
jake GOSNELL,
Deputy Collector.
March 16, 1921. 11.13
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
THE STORY OF OUR STATES.

Last week we began the publica-
tion Of series Of articles Of historic
interest and information, these be-
ing under the caption. "The Story Of
our States" Article No. /, Della
ware, appeared last week. and this
week we present No. 2, Pennsylya-
MIA. The articles will appear seri-
ally each week. and we suggest that
the young folks begin at once clip
ping thes short stories and pasting
them.into scrap book. BY the time
the whole series has been published
each one who does this will have a
little volume OF valuable information
and historic fact that will be very
pleasing, interesting and attractive
from literary standpoint.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30

Song-Children's Hosanna. Misses
Clarette Jones and Alma Whitten.
Vocal 'duet-Pass 1t On. Miss Lii
lie Stoddard and Mrs. Bessie Whit
ton.
Observation-Disclosures Song. Miss
Leora Smith.
Vocal duet-Sing with Tuneful
Lay. Misses Alice and Alma Whit
ten.
Recitation-Absolam. Miss Lille
Stoddard.
Song-Little Eyangels. BY eight
small children.
Reading-The Teachers Diadem.
Mrs. Bessie Whitten.
Closing song-"Good-b Glass,
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
NOTICE TO DEBTORS AND
CREDITORS.

All persons indebted to the Estate
OF CYRUS COLES (alias st. Elmore
C. Coles,) Deceased, are hereby no.
tilted to make payment to the under
signed, and all persons having claims
against said Estate will present the
same, duly attested, within the time
prescribed by law, or be barred.
MRS. MARY COLES,
Executrix OF the Estate OF Cyrus
Coles (alias st. Gilmore c.. Coles, De-
ceased.
March 80, 1921. 1916
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCA-
TION'S OFFICE DAYS FOR
APRIL AND MAY.

The public will please take notice
that l will be In my Office only on
Fridays, Saturdays and Mondays of
each week during April and May.
L. C. SPEARES,
Superintendent of Education.
March 80, 1921. 1917
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
Edmund Bigham Found Gull

Florence. s. G., March 28.-The
jury In the case Of Edmund Bigham,
charged with tho murder OF his bro
ther, Smiley Bigham. and several
other members OF the Bigham fam
lily, returned verdict OF guilty at
1926 o'clock this afternoon.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1921-03-30
How to Fight Garden Insects.

Clemson College, March 29.-In
controlling garden insects there are
two principal insecticides. suggests
Prot. A. F.. Conrad, chief OF the en-
tomology division. One OF these Ia
arsenate OF lead, which Is poison
used for the chewing insects, such
as potato beetles and the cabbage
worms. The other Is nicotine sui
phate, which Is recommended for
plant lice.
1t Is we'll to keep these two insec-
ticides on hand. The arsenate Of
lead Is purchased as dry white
powder and should not be more than
rs OF l per cent water soluble. 1t
may be used by dusting 1t in the
morning when the plants are wet
| with dew at the rate Of to pounds
per acre, or 1t may be sprayed by
adding one ounce Of arsenate OF lead
to an ordinary 2h gallon pail Of
water.
1t should be remembered the be-
fore adding arsenate Of lead, frris
green, calcium arsenate or any other
powder to water a little water should
| first be added and stirred into a
paste. Those who desire to make up
| larger amounts for spraying should
| write for Extension Circular II.
| Nicotine sulphate Is a concentrated
tobacco liquid, and the spray Is made
by adding a teaspoonful Of nicotine
sulphate to an ordinary 2ha gallon
pail OF water.
Soap suds, made from a piece Of
common soap about cubic inch In
size and added to the nicotine spray
will improve it. Soap containing coal
tar should never DO used.
DO Not Want Negro Appointees.
Washington, March 28.-Women
employees OF the Treasury Depart
ment, In tho section under the regis
trar OF the treasury, are reported to
bo signing In large numbers, with
out reference to political or geo.
graphic domicile, a petition to Sec.
retary Mellon protesting against the
appointment Of a negro as registrar
No appointment has been made
and the petition mentions no homes
but there has been rumor that
Henry Lincoln Johnson. the negro
national committeeman from Geor.
gia, Is being considered for the po.
sition.