davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
AMARILLO WILL
HAVE ANOTHER
JOBBINC FIRM

Amarillo viii have another large iub-
mg concern the Fort Worth supply
1wlany handling a fun nd complete
fork ~ well supplies. th, Old Hoosier
me and including Star and Leader
- Ills. A considerable quantity II
Wrn supplies viii be- carried In tho
"W establishment which hls l,as q
he o'd tvo-sio.y 3oXii0 feet iron clad
Gliding rmDrly occupied by n portion
10 stock 81 the Amarillo Hardware
IImut uu TYLER Street ln addition
The storing ~ their pipe AMI other
l.avy stock the COMPANY has secured
boo usr ~ three lots fronting on Polk
Street
w. T.. Armstrong Ut Fort worth VIII
e tho uffir. manager for the NV CON.
rrn. and be- is expected Go bo in Anna.
i'lu Monday fnr the opening ~ the cs-
adjustment " r. Hudson who has
been travelling this territory fHr tine past
,goral years Tor This line. viii continue
70 ih1t capacity serving his o. d. Tor
o." most part through The Amarillo
ffnro.
VI 'fiiI'' l'N WIN iut fHlhflHNIl'ltl
g this new iohhug enterprise there
s au echo ~ events that Boz coming
1si their shadows before fr IL will
I' noted that with the except. N Of Wr.l
.- uUat this concern Is U'rrting m h
th" stock needed only In connection
With 10 fields The very fact that th..
umpany is stocking with thes" SUP.
lilies Is an added evidence 81 the cN
-cuucy ol me development - the field
his portion ~ the Panhandle
This company Is declared Go hr ON"
the largest 81 IL character 10 the
United aud tn statement has been
made that within very short time
comparatively speaking. Amarillo will
. It's main store. This is true Tor the
eason tina; this Is e country dependent
% wells IN msjo. d gree. E o its water
supply Then too. win the develop
ncnt 81 an oil field expected g. bo the
greatest ia the United States according
,u the estimates o. dependable geolo
lists. the Oh machinery end Il the en-.
rtTis" viii be dominant one accord
ng a. present intentions
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
Small Boys VIII
Be Tried Before
Juvenile Officer

Three Amarillo boys arrested Friday
'y 'h" police department. aud ch,rgod
with being implicated In two hurrprics
md theft ~ personal property from nm
'utnnuhiic, win hc tried IN Juvenile
court before County Judge Ray G.
Johnson this morning at 10 o'rlock
pnc - the boys was arrested cnrlv
Friday morning and h is said confessed
'o the police, mplcatIur the other two.
m, hoy was brought tu the police sta.
tion hv Y. wyatt who chlrgcd him
with having broken into his blacksmith
shop Tho bow Is slid to have mld
some pocNrt knives which were taken
FROM tho blacksmith shop.
The Western Leather Cumpany's sad.
die and harness shop ~ Fourth and
Taylor Streets was also entered by this
"N and his companions according a.
his story as todd g. the police.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
NR, NUM- NAMED
RED CROSS HEAD
FOR COMING YEAR

-. D. N... ..f..r.- .b,ii.
NINA. ..... .... .. ..,....
.' .'.. .nE q"
'''''' ..' .. N''."n'. banh
.n'" " '."'n WI .'rv" 't
tf.i ".'IrH. H"1 MISS GLd
''N'.' ."nm'n. n.
'I' 1870. '..''d rN'cu l''
N'.t'.. '.... 'I nr Y '.
u''r ruH Is t'H.0n iny "
l'"'. .' i... ven. .lrct.d ''
.". ''. 'i'u
lI I r" i.. ing az
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
DALLAM COUNTY
FARMERS BURN
CORN FOR FUEL

There are 5000 600 pounds OF corn
Piled on The ground at TeaIlae today"
9id D. O.. Duke Dalhart CirIcmau.
who s Boo Amarillo. Il have 900
bushels Of corn on hand -Four thou.
ud bushels Of which I Carried over
nom hsf year also His, Q 900
O.. shells Of maize that h three years
OLD am wiutoring 1900 cattle and
feeding them ground corn. when ] feed
anything 50 far I have ors found b
necessary no Cul out fDH 0f the
.hirrsst cattle and feed them ! lave
feed grinders 40 each ramon lsdquar
'.rs. and after tbc corn b. ground I
place % Boo trousas whcre BE- wil not
Ht wasted I am using mgi- power
Ha'ttd 1f gasoline engine. Dn these
.od mornings e is hard Loo start the
ordinary gasoline engine frI since I
hove tnt fuel necessary Co.. mako mule
" r.lu. nul Il much cheaper to use
mIl
have been in the I..uludlo for
n,oi" fh1H thirty years AND can well
remember when tho man ta. said that
InJ thing could be- grown boo tho Pan.
haudic nIH considered a I competent
candidate iU. the high,. Hpuors being
BESTOWED a' the insane sglIms hut.
know better now. ! tu raising a few
Y.- have already N.,I eighteen tho
smallest OF which weighed 400 pounds
rd some 70, them weighed moro than
ZOO pounds have already pat up
go gallons 81 hard and have 80 more
hogs lU kin
Tho stories that arc being told
about corn being used ur fuel are
True People are burning corn m ms
country a ton Of coal costs 20 much
'' t"o tons Of corn Will sch for and
ih" farmer has 10 freight the corn to
town Hnd haul the Goa. back Many
farmers declare that corn has iust as
great % fuel value az coal Farmers
wnuot realize dollar on their oborrn.
ols crops of maize kanr and -orn he
rtus" The freight .g so high that il con.
s'm"s an Of the profits"
Bob Duke. az be- is known t0 mis-
friends. is manager Of the KIT In.
forests 10 Texas The KIT company is
th" company that received 5000 600
acres u Texas Panhandle land for
building the state capitol al Austin
Nr Duke also owns ranch Of 30 .OOO
acres about % miles northeast OF Ter
line in Oklahoma
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
WELLS ELECTED
HEAD OF REALTY
BOARD FOR 1922

l. \ Wells was a cicd pr,sid,,, ~
"a" Arnrillq Real Estate Board for
'-t. az ihr regular weekly me ting ~
%" board ~ The Amarillo Hrtoi. Friday
. moon Mrs " " Powell was ol.r,
Nic' president R.yco = Gaut socre.
treasury and } Il, Gaut a.. G.
''"'n' W AtAskcw aud JOY Harris. di.
octors.
iropoiy owners " the city must
fai"r th'i trees and shriibbery on they
'ill Do dead bef'rr trting." said W. 4.
NshcN. WING, dctl3r Tint the prolonged
ifru'h ir the rarhtndh would KIN
many of the trees unless they wcr,
'hi'|Dd tt once some u,oplo seem
'luE that just because there pre NO
'f'. 0n The trees that ihey do not
''.I Watering hu' they win learn their
u.''t. u.Vt spring 1t thcv d. not
''..' ih.ir trees now" said Mr. AS
..t
."mmittcc composed uf W n
.."W'0 4 Hpy Wiscman and i f.
''s' wte appointed to rll un Ger
" amarillo and Potter County OH
.. $40" Hr' aid fn have hr'u taking
.'''s' 'f 'hrIr .7s.tion 90 pur,hns
.' property et very IuN uHres
... 5000 residents "rhrs. tffrIals
..'d either g,t oui ~ o'nr, or aunt
'. I.| estate hu,ln,s" said ono mem
aI 90 'h. board
I.' IHd Esn'l Board went On req
'd 3D.. "H- ..hiud me Panhandle
''" ... OF Commerce in IN,
'''N .' DOING and Mrs. VI NJ
'""' e odum and " 4 Ast,v
..I. H. H.d , committee ta qs.fs, To-
%. '"."- " '..'rr C.nps quota u
-''' Or 'h' maintenance of the Pan
'''" '.uus Chamber of Commerce.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
Oil and Gas News Amarillo District

Change. furnished daily by information obtain
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31

i've hundred nilnon cubic feet OF gas
tons NJ c0aD
.ight hundred barrels $50 gravity.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
Dental Tests Are
Passed by 7 Men

d. Il l.. Rogers. secretary Of the
Texas state Board Of Dental Exam.
n'rs. announced Friday that Frank z.
Meyer. san Antonio. c. Z. Wissoup.
Eockdale. l.. T. Mckinney Sulphur
springs. 4 W Hitler. Fort Worth. B.
? Clifford. Dallas. =. J. Tanner. Tex.
arkana. and Phyllis r. Oshourne. Dial.
las. successfully PASSED the exlmina.
items conducted tg the board OF ex.
lmincrs at Houston recently.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
Work Is Started
On New Building
On Fourth Street

i'. .r"yti.u az 70 building. 20 los 100
"' I'D Fourth and Ruchluan streets.
'h.' "iil he occupied hy IN. Allis
Hf.""Is 'umpSuv has been started
'N.i'''rns ar" being msdc and m,
''"hH'.."1 VII placed within few
DAYS
IHr building Viii bc especially bull,
~ 's f" provide the Ais Chalmer,
''HIfnr with modern Silrs room
.nl storage facilities The building will
" Two stories high
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
nenie. Prnfiicrrinr in Trna.

SAN ANTONIO Dec. 3O.-Adolph
Grasso. secretary OF the Retail Mer.
chants Association OF Texas. sent
latter today 10 Attorney General
Oaugheriy who practically denying the
implied accusation that prof!tccring
Nists among retailers OF Texas and the
assistance % the association In the
rorosed investigation by the govern.
uent Of prioes charged nv retail mer.
chants
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31

\ large parachute has been invented
POP liit q whole passenger cabin from
disabled airplan..
Tn" actual identity ~ Robin Hood
has never been determined
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1921-12-31
Ganaher Announces
Excursion Rates Tc
Denver Stock Show

Msny Panhandle and New Mexico
cgttlcmen are expected 10 take ad.
vantage 81 the round trip excursion
iares. which have becn authorized 10
Denver un account ~ m. National
Western Stock Show. which will he
held boz that city Jan. 70 10 "a. inclu.
sive, according % an announcement
made by r y Gsishcr general pas
serger agent ~ the santa Pc lines
The rate vii d. fare and oncha'f for
The round trip. the tirkcts to Be- on
sale from Jan. "a 20 l1. and the final
return limit will b. Jan %
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09
Deaths During Two Years.

The report on the number of deaths
occurring in Brown County during
1920 and 1919 is as follows:
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09


Mr.. and Mrs. H. j. Meyer attended
the Chas. Ginkel auction at Nicollet
on Thursday.
Loretta Gieseke left for Fort Dodge
Iowa, Thursday, where she had OBJ.
tanned employment
Mr.. and Mrs Aug. Schroeder OF
Nicollet visited at H. H. Meyers on
Monday
Mrs. Fred Bobsin entertained a
number of friends at a birthday party
Tuesday evening.
Mrs. Joseph Sandhoefner of New
Ulm visited at the John Drillhome last
week.
Mrs. Ernest Hulke entertained a
number of friends, Thursday.
Mr.and Mrs. H. H. Berg attended
party given at the home of Miss
Linda Berg at New Ulm, last Wednes-
day evening.
The three Smith children, who have
been quite i'll during the past week, are
recovering from what threatned to be
an attack of pneumonia.
Nels Pierson and Chas. Stucke spent
few days in Minneapolis on busi-
ness.
Mrs. Martha Luetjen of New Ulm
was guest at the Theo. Precht home,
Friday, returning to New Ulml Satur-
day.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09
SALIENT POINTS IN
THE INAUGURAL.

The recorded progress of our
republic, materially and spirit
ually, in itself proves the wis
dom of the inherited policy on
non-involvement in old world
affairs 80. We do not mean
to be entangled. We will accept
no responsibility except as our
own conscience and judgment,
In each instance, may deter
mine.
We want to do our part in
making offensive warfare SO
hateful that governments and
peoples who resort to it must
prove the righteousness of their
cause or stand as outlaws be-
fore the bar of civilization.
We are ready to associate
ourselves with the nations of
the world, great and small, for
conference, for counsel.
1t war is again forced upon
us, | earnestly hope way may
{ be found which will unity our
individual and collective
strength and consecrate all
America, materially and spirit
ually, body and soul, to nation
al defense.
We can reduce the abnormal
expenditures, and we will. We
can strike at war taxation, and
we must.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09

Alma and Annie Wilfahrt were
guests of Miss Annie Portner last
! Wednesday.
Ben. Ubl and William Kretsch
visited with Ben. Forster, Sunday.
Tuesday of last week some neighbors
gathered at the home of Mrs. Peter
Reinarts and enjoyed a very pleasant
evening there. This was followed by
a delicious lunch at midnight.
Ben. Ubl, William Kretsch, Ben.
Forster and Joseph .Zeig spent Sunday
night with Conrad Tauer, playing
"schafskopf."
Edward, Annie and Cla-a Grau and
Edward and Lauretta Reinharts at
tended the big program at Searles last
week and enjoyed tvery much.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roman KraI and
family were guests at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph Kretsch, Sunday
evening
Ed. and Herman Reinarts spent
Sunday evening with Ed. Grau and
enjoyed themselves immensely. When
leaving for home, Herman forgot his
rabbits foot.
Buck & Windhorn have removed
their modern Art Studio from the old
German Park school house, which is
now being razed, to the old Schmucker
brewery on German and First North
streets, having leased several large
rooms from the Central Cremeries,
Inc, owners of the building. Louis
Buck, the new member of the Art
Studio firm, came to New Ulm from
Mankato recently, to form partner
ship with Louis Windhorn, one OF the
originators of the business here.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09
MORE BIR tbs;
FEWER DEATHS
NEWCOMERS ToTALED 557 AND
GRIM REAPER's VICTIMS
2o3 LAST YEAR.
FIGURES FOR 1919 WERE 5oa
BIRTHS AND 27s DEATHS
IN THIS COUNTY.

Old Daddy Longlegs demonstrated
last year that his wings are stronger
and his flight more swift than those of
the Grim Reaper, at least insofar as
Brown county is concerned, for the
vital statistics recently received by
Clerk OF Court Carl P. Manderfeld
from the State Board of Health score
q decided victory in favor of Old Father
Stork, as the total number of births
recorded in this county more than
doubled the number of deaths. The
former aggregated 557 and the latter
only 203.
Healthy Population Increase.
The figures for the preceding year,
1919, were 503 births and 273 deaths.
making an increase of 81 births and a
decrease of 70 deaths for 1920. This
is an indication that Brown county has
a healthy climate and bids hearty
welcome to natural increases in it's
population. It also speaks we'll for
the three hospitals located within the
county, where hundreds of more or less
serious operations are performed each
year. The death rate. in these in
stitutions is unusually low.
Births in 1920 and 1919.
a--~sr ~
The number of births recorded in
each OF the cities, villages and town
ships Of Brown county during the
years 1920 and 1919 is as follows:
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09

Mrs. Otto Paape of Nicollet is con-
valescing satisfactorily from the effects
of an operation, which she underwent
ct the Union Hospital here last week.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09

Roman seifert, who is attending the
Mankato Commercial College, spent
at the home of his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. John II. Seifert. in Searles.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09

Mrs. George Guggisberg spent
Wednesday and Thursday at Sleepy
Eye, visiting her mother, Mrs. George
Vollmer, and transa citing business.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09

August Hummel departed for Chi
cago, Saturday, to look over the
Eastern markets and purchase goods
for his local clothing store.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09
HARDING HITS At
/. A WORLD LEAGUE
inaugural Address Declares for
! Absolute independence of
Action by America.
WANTS UNION FOR COUNSEL

pur Supreme Task, Says New Presi-
Gent, Is Resumption Of Our Onward,
Normal Way, Recognizing the
Changed Economic Order
Much Help to Be Expected
From the Women.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09
A nartv of vol1nu folks Oafhnrnd

A party of young folks gathered al
the John Gronholz home, Sunday even
ing and enjoyed very pleasant social
time. Lunch was served at a late
hour.
Gustav Ruemke submitted to an
operation for appendicitis at the
Union Hospital in NeweuIn, Monday.
Miss Leona Precht is visiting rela-
tives at st. Clair
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Litfin are en-
joying visit with theiredaughter at
Wheaton.s
Miss Ella Seemann returned home
Saturday from visit with relatives
and friends at Wood Lake.
Miss Emma Herman, who is en-
ployed at New Ulm, spent Sunday with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Hoermann, here, returning to New
Ulm Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. F. L. Bode3spent Sum
day evening at the Theo Precht home.
New Ulm review., 1921-03-09
sIGEL TOWN NEWS.
(Too late for last week.

Sunday evening neighbors and
friends gathered at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Henry Holm and enjoyed a
very good time. At midnight a de
licious repart was served.
Mr.. and Mrs Otto r. Mande1feld
and family, accompanied by Hubert
Theissen, made a brief visit Sunday
afternoon at the home of NJ +. and Mrs.
Frank Forster.
Last Thursday evening neighbors
called on Mr.. and Mrs. Carl w.
Walbert and enjoyed good time. A
midnight lunch was served.
New Britain herald., 1921-08-13
AMERICANS, FREE TO
 DEPART FROM RUSSIA
Official Message From Sovicts Tells of
 Willingness to Liberate Them All

r New York, Aug. 3O.-Offieial ,>an- nouncement that soviet Russia has granted permission for all American citizens to leave the country. if they desire was made by George Chitcherin soviet minister of foreign affairs in a cablegram received today by the mag azine Soviet Russia. 1
 This is the first official confirmation of the guarantee given to Walter F Brown of the American relief admin istratiUn at Riga by Maxim Litvinoff, that such permission would be granted Litvfnoff is the soviet envoy for nego- tiations for Russian famine relief.
 The ~cab1egram said:
 "All American citizens resident throughout Russia may freely leave the country if they desire They need only inform the. e.'Ango-American de- partment of the peoples commissary of foreign affairs, and present docu- | ments of identification in order; to ob tain vises for departure, which will be granted immediately"
New Britain herald., 1921-08-13
GTY ITEMS
New period victrola at Mora

New period -Victrola at Morans --advt.
 Casimir Sutula is suffering at the New Britain GeGneral Hospital with ruptured appendix. His condition is very critical
 The Herald is mailed to the short TOT l8c week. Order it>before you leave for your vacation -advt.
 All bids for lots on Talcott street owned by the city, were rejected at meeting of the special committee appointed by the board of finance held last evening because they were not high enough
 Miss Margaret Wihlborg, a local girl, graduated yesterday from the Morse Business collegefin Hartford
 MT. and Mrs. Thomas F. Markham of 135 Black Rock avenue, are re- joicing on the birth. of a son yester day at the New Britain General hos pftal. Mrs. Markham was formerly Miss Ella J. Moore, and was em- ployed in the probate court office.
New Britain herald., 1921-08-13
ADMIRAL .KAT0 WILL
 HEAD JAP DELEGATES
(Continued from first page.)


 nations will use every means at their disposal to achieve a reduction of ;arma- ments.
 ''This association earnestly desires the establishment as complete an uh- derstanding as possible among the pow CTS concerned regarding the. problems of the Pacific and Fs, East which may come up for de1iberatioh at Washing ton together with the question of arma- 'ments. In it's opinion the utmost care should be taken in the selection of ques- tions to be discussed, so, that no mat ter already disposed of by international compacts should be submitted to con sideration at that conference.
 Discussion of such matters could lead only to international discord.
 '"The existence of a strong interna- tional organization is necessary to the success of any scheme looking to the reduction of armaments or other meas ures having for their object the main tenance of a durable. peace among na- tions. It is therefore believed that Americas move has given an excellent opportunity to powers already affiliated with the league of nations to- exer1 their best endeavor in persuading tho United States also to ,become a mem ber' ,.
New Britain herald., 1921-08-13
WEB OF EVIDENCE l: ! INPL|CA1ES BURCH
Navy Dept. Asked to Aid in Los Angeles Murder

Los Angeles, Aug. 13,-zA navy div
 ing crew at the. request of Sheriff
 Traeger of Los Angeles has been
 ordered to aid today in the ocean
 side search for the missing barrel of
 a shotgun, the rusty stock of which
 was turned over to Dist. Attorney
 Woolwine here by beach camper
 near Santa Monica Canyon mouth, Of ficils declare their belief. that it is part of the weapon used in the staying of
 J. Belton Kennedy, broker. Kennedy was shot near his summer cottage in
 Beverly Glen, eight miles inland Aug. The stock was found by the camper the day following the shooting. It is part of-an old-fashioned twelve gauge double barreled Belgian gun and in yestigtors point to the fact that the charge which caused Kennedys death came from a 12 gauge gun. Others point out that the firing pins are prob bly, too old to have caused what they say were extremely clear cut indenta- tons on the caps of the two 12 gauge shells found in the glen near the scene of the killing.
 Authorities refused today either to confirm or deny any statement made in connection with the piece although Mr Woolwine announced he had req
 son to believe that. the shotgun but
 was part of the gun, used in. the mys- l tery shooting. Arthur, c. Burch of l Evanston, Ills, former college friend 1of the dead man and now under in Idictmen for the murder was said to have been identified yesterday by a motorist who says he encountered IBurch in the roadster, said to have been. seen irrsth glen the night of the shooting:
 The. meeting occurred, he said, near | Santa Monica canyon mouth, where Il officers recently. declared that they be-
 lfeved the slayer of Kennedy had gone lin a machine, throwing the gun used Einto the ocean.
 The. witness said that his lights flashed into the car and that, the man | Inside the car was wearing dark gog- ligles. Such a pair of goggles was found on Burch yesterday.
New Britain herald., 1921-08-13
YOUNG BURGLARS
 SENTENCED TODAY
One Boy Goes to Meriden- Two Sent to Cheshire

Three boys were sentenced this morning by Deputy Judge B. w Al ling, two to the state raeformatory af Cheshire and one to the Meridan school for boys, after they had ap- peared in court and admitted steal ing hundreds of dollars worth of cloth ing, shoes, etc., in a series of burglar laries during the summer. According to the testimony of Detective Sergeant Richardson all three were wearing stolen apparel while in court.
 Charles Schmidt, aged 16 who was given a last chance some time. ago by Judge filling, was sent to Cheshire. John Worchin, who gave his age d. Is yesterday but was shown to be 1e also was sent to Cheshire. Charle Mosciki, who is only 15, was sentenced to the Meriden School for Boys.
 Rob Clothiers
 According to the police, the boys broke into the clothing store of J Caslowitz, at 24 Lafayett street on the afternoon. of July s.. by. breaking Q back window and opening a rear dobl and stole three suit cases which, they filed with suits, silk ties, shirts, afo hose, shoes,. caps. etc, to the calat of $275. They also were charged witt l breaking into the taior shop of Pc trauskas and. Yerdin on East Mair street .ond July 31 and stealing a Palm Bech suit, and a blue serge suit, tht latter costing MT: Petrauskas $40 te replace.
 Break Into School
 While no complaint has been made to the police department of burglaries at the Elihu Burritt school, .Sergeah Richardson testified that the boys con fessed to breaking into that institution last week. Sergeant Richardson also testified that the boys were .Wearing sneaks during. their trial which were stolen from Mag's storer. !. Mosciki..is an orphan and is said tc have no home. Worchin has. a step fther. Worchin's mother and Schmidt's father appeared in court and asked clemency for their boys but were in. formed that they had previous chances and did not make good. Worchin i said to have been in Meriden before