davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-12-04
Heart of America
in Horse Production

Ten States Of the central west-Ohio
Indiana, Illinois, Iowa. Missouri, North
Dakota. South Dakota, Nebraska, Kan
sas and Oklahoma-produced In 1919
horse and mule colts totalling 62i,5i6, or
39.1 per cent. OF all the colts produced
that year in the United States. They
had 11.4i9.990 horses and mules. or 44.6
per cent OF the total number OF horses
and mules on farms, and used 636 1879
horses and mules In cites, towns and viii
lagos, or 9o.5 per cent. of the number
used in other than agricultural work.
They represent the heart OF America in
respect to horse and mule production
and Use.
The New York herald., 1921-12-04

He trots far better ard has more bone
and substance than the average thor
oughbred. and his department is such
that he was placed in one of the strong
est classes for finely trained saddle
horses ever seen i'm Madison Square
Garden.
Before he came out as a saddle horse
last year Myopia had been ridden as a
hunter by the whip of hunt club in
New Jersey and later exhibited success
fully by Miss Madison as a hunter.
She called him Golf Ball because. she
said. he went so high over the jumps.
In his first year cut as a saddle horse
he won eighteen ffrst prizes, including
one championship. This year he has
won four championships, one reserve.
twenty-five first prizes and nine Sec
opds.. IL there is any other saddle horse
in the country that has won as much
Miss Madison has not heard of him. she
SAYS.
The New York herald., 1921-12-04
Walter r. Cox Will Drive
w. III. Canes Trotters in 1922

Walter II. Cox has signed a contract
TO train and drive the trottcrs and
PAGERS Of the Good Time Stable of Mr..
and Mrs. w. VI. Cane. Of New York. in
1922. He will make the Orange County
Driving Park at Goshen, n. Y. his head
quarters after January /. Cox is y
brother of Charming Cox. Governor OF
Massachusetts,. and Is known ms the high
est salaried trainer in the country. For
two years he has handled the harness
horses ~ 8. A. Fletcher. owner of Peter
the Great, 207A, at indianapolis.
The New York herald., 1921-12-04
Big Increase in Entries
for the Saratoga Stakes

Big increases were shown in the en-
tries for the Saragota stakes, which
closed last week. All of them were
much larger than in 1921. The Hope
ful, n $4,000 event for juveniles, re-
ceived 25S nominations. 10 more than
for this year. The Spinaway. for fillies.
showed the largest increase. Entries for
1t jumped from 116 for 1921 to 2O1 for
1922. The United States Hotel and the
Grand Union each have nineteen more
than in 1921.
The three-year-old events also have
bigger nominations. the Travers increas-
ing from 1877 to 217.
The list OF stakes and the entries of
1922. compared with those of 1921. fol-
loxv.
The New York herald., 1921-12-04
Surprising Prices Paid
For Horses and Carriages
Late D. r. Hanna's Stable Dis.
persed at Durlands.

The dispersal sale Of the late d. r.
Hanna's horses. carriages and driving
equipment at Durland's Riding Academy
on Thursday night brought out large
crowd, including many bidders from dis
tant parts OF the country. AS is usually
the case when offerings belong TO an
estate prices were a little above the pre-
vailing market and very gratifying to all
concerned.
Mr.. Hannas park four-in-hand re-
allied S3,275, Mrs. Medill Mccormick
buying the wheelers. Agitator and Advo-
cate, for s1,575, while NJ Y. Murphy. a
Boston dealer, paid s1.700 for the lead
ers. Judge and Jerry. All four horses
are registered hackneys. bred by Judge
william III. Moore and got by his noted
sire Marlboro. by Matthias.
Mr.. Murphy also bought the leaders
OF the road four. The Nut and The
Indian, chestnuts. 16 hands high, for
$3.50. The wheelers. Paddy and Rob
Roy, went TO T. J. Reilly for $500.
Brier Footprint, formerly Seaton Mer-
maid, a black harness mare by Marl-
boro, was struck Off to Barney Cluff for
$1,000. the highest price OF the sale.
William e Dee OF Wheeling. w. Va.
bought the chestnut mares Lady Jane
and Lady Betty for 1900. John E. Mad
den paid 1890 for Brier Queen, a roam
mare 16 hands.
The carriages and harness, sold in
the afternoon, brought s4.6ss. Surpris-
irg prices were paiG for some of the
vehicles, a four-in-hand coach going to
sS25 in the bidding, q democrat wagon
TO $3.50. n Gooch wagon to 1926, a gig
$3.50, a runabout s115 and a natural
wood trap s170. The top price for har-
ness was s205 Tor n double russet set
One set OF single harness brought s145
and another S115. while a set without
bit or reins went to 500.
Slowly advancing prices for work
horses in the Bull's Head market are
steadily increasing the consignnents OF
Western shippers to the Monday and
Thursday auctions at FIss Doerr q
Carrolfs. six carloads came in last
week and the outlook is reported good
for a plentiful supply as the Christmas
shopping season improves the demand
for truck and wagon horses.
The Bergen Horse Company rad n
good run of offerings on Wednesday
for the regular weekly auction in Jersey
City. Nearly two hundred fresh and
seasoned workers changed hands
George Watson is selling a few hunt
crs and saddle horses each week at Par
adisc Farm. Teancck. " j.
NJ. r. Newcomb's two sales stables are
well filled with well trained saddle
horses.
n. Kaufman e. Sons arc rounding out
a prosperous year IN tho sale of Turiish
saddlery at their Division street stora,
The New York herald., 1921-12-04

NJ. r. Newcomb's two sales stables are
well filled with well trained saddle
horses.
The New York herald., 1921-12-04

IT, Kaufman g. Sons are rounding out
a prosperous year IN tho sale of r7uriis1i
saddlery al their Division street stora
The New York herald., 1921-12-04

George Watson is selling a few hunt
crs and saddle horses each week al Par
adisc Farm, Teaneck, " j.
The New York herald., 1921-12-04

The Bergen Horse Company had n
good run of offerings on Wednesday
for the regular weekly auction in Jersey
City. Nearly two hundred fresh and
seasoned workers changed hands.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
FASHION HINTS FROM PARIS

The new French hats worn at win
ter resorts are shown in exquisite
shades. A lovely one of navy blue
tafreta is covered with henna uncurled
ostrich feathers.
Bright and deep red, warm coral
henna are used To trim white dresses
or other gowns i'm soft cOlOrS.
Jeweled straps serve 10 secure M
the shoulders the tight bOdices Of the
new evening gowns.
Capes continue to be In favor.
More than ever furS will be ex'
tensively used In the trimming ot
spring wraps. Capes made entirely
of laces are among the charming nov
elites offered to the eleganTe going
south"
Organdie viii again be all the rage
Organdie embroidered with little flow
ers will be used great deal IS. IL Is
both charming and quaint.
And now the ParisienneS are wear
ing duvetyn gloves.
VERY chic the velvet dinner gown
made with high neck. long. tight At
ting sleeves and a double train; th'
skirt is rather short and its edge un
even.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
NEW NET AND LACE DRESSES
Embroidered In Color, Made Over
Contrasting Foundations, Both
Youthful and Attractive.

In their effort TO add further nov
city 10 the lace idea the Paris dress
makers launched strange kinds Of CON-
binations. For instance, blue serge
dresses are trimmed with blue lace,
usually in an opposing shade OF blhe.
as navy blue serge with royal blue
lace. Dark green yelvets are COM
bined with green lace, rust-cOlored
brocades with rust lace, and so on
through numerous combinations the
clever Paris maker varies the lace
Idea.
Net as well as lace dresses are
made in simple chemise effects
StrajghtIine dresses Of white net EN-
broidered in color and made over con-
trasting foundations are both youth
full and attractive.
one nf Cheruit's big successes mas
been an orange lace dress. Madeleine
ct Madeleine have repeated many
times a model made in dark bottle
green lace. and Cabot SOeurs eonsid'
or their rust-color laees the mos
fashionable Offering Of the season.
IT is hut natural that nets should
follow in the wake OF laces. They
too are oftentimes bright colored
II however. they are black the!
achieve the necessary brightness oS
embroideries. which may be red OF
copper hued
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12


l..- Thursday evening the far
f,r.4 AppOmattOx Club gave a de
r..-sIl formal reception and dance at
n. unity Club, 3I40 Indiana avenue,
~ he same time the officers elected
l... December for the coming year
v..ra installed into Offices by Hon. Ed
v-.-I II. Wright, Master of Ceremonies.
he club has FIVE hundred and eight
hers and it was, the first time, that
n. vast majority of its members and
their families had the pleasure of
ufugling together under one roof.
Al the ladies present were eostumed
pa the hight of fashion and were be
J,,ked with diamonds and other Jew
r-v. The majority of the gentlemen
resent wore full dress evening suits.
President and Mrs. s. A T. Watkins
were kept busy all the time IN an
fort 10 make it pleasant for al the
rrmbers and their families
Mrs. Lottie Meredith Cooper. Of East
Orange, n. J., and New York Clty' was
the honored guest of Mr.. and MS
Julius F. Taylor on that very enJoyaole
occasion. Mrs. Cooper was eostumeo
IN y black lace gown. ornaments, dia-
monds and pearls. She had the time
Of her life and came near wearing her
feet out in dancing.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
THE FoUR-SEASON HAT IDEA
According to Elan, Women Are to Be
Educated in Wearing Headgear
Suitable to the Time.

The seasons in hats have done more
than overlap. as n matter Of fact.
They have been so juggled that women
have found themselves wearing straw.
flower trimmed hats in January and
fur trimmed and heavy velvet cha
peaux during the sYeltering days of
midsummer.
According TO plan, women will be
gradually educated TO the fOur-seaSOn
idea. wearing dainty hats that are sug-
gestive Of spring during the brief but
delightful period; flower trimmed.
fiImy hats during the summer months
and as the cooler weather comes on
they will gradually change the char
aeter Of their headgear so that fur
and fur trimmed hats win actually
be seen only when fur wraps and fur
trimmed suits and coats are comfort
able and becoming.
The hat entirely Of fur is favOrite
again this winter. but the fabric and
fur combination, or the fabric hat
with a mere touch of fur in les trim
ming is made popular.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
COTTON IN FAVOR
Dress Fabrics for Summer Are
to Be attractive.
WeaVes Fine and Beautiful; Rich
Shades Are Taken From the
Silk Color Card.

The cotton dress fabrics for the
summer Of 1921 represent one Of the
most remarkable achievements In the
history Of the manufacturing Of mate
rails. While the weaves are fine and
beautiful Il is not there that the real
achievement lie& II Is in the dyeing.
The shades are taken from the silk
color card and the same shades are
faithfully reproduced in cOttOns as
they appear In the most beautiful Of
siIEs-and the silks have been mar
vicious during the past few years.
II Is difficult "a give you an idea OF
the hundreds Of delicate hues. One
Orgund.e alone comes In 60 shades.
ranging FROM the palest tints TO deep
colOrs. All the new red. brown and
orange tones 50 much favored IN the
smartest of winter garments, are seen
IN the cotton materials.
Next to the color comes the weave.
There are sheer organizes entirely new
IN pattern and weave. Some come In
fancy checks. the checks being in diff
ferent degrees Of thickness. but the
whole very sheer. BrOcaded organ
dies are in the patterns Of the hand
soonest silks Of the present day and
Old-faShiOned damaSks.
Dropstitch vOileS In myriads Of
beautiful shades e-e being effectively
worked out in copies Of French lingerie
frocks that carry a great deal Of hand
drawn work. thus making a simple
yet distinguished dress without the
expense Of the handwork.
Among the family Of English prints
is a new arrival known as Tropical
English print. The cloth itself Is soft.
much like a fine batiste. but beautiful
~ printed, as its name indicates. IN
all the cOlOrs seen In n tropical land
Scape or sunset. Some Of the patterns
and cOlOringS are a hit weird. Il Is
true, hut these are overbalanced by
the many that are unusual without
being bizarre. Some are In Old-faSh-
Toned challis patterns that are GER
tain Of success through the quaint
Old-time appeal that they make
Dotted swiss Is always a favorite
with the American woman. although
little used by the French. so, being
one Of the most popular cotton fabrics
used in this country, great attention
has been paid to II in regard to color
There are wonderful henna shades
sapphire blue. various shades of maize.
brown and most remarkable reds.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
A Nen Headdress.

This versatile floating panel has ap-
nsared ON many evening costumes re-
Gently, and its decorative posSihilines
have won for II a cordial welcome.
saws Vogue. A velvet costume pre-
spnts the novel idea Of attaching such
q scarf to the headdress instead OF 10
the gown, and the result Is even more
decorative. In this case one emu on
the scarf is wound about the head IN
: 49, az turban which does not cover
re- crown Of the head but falls softly
vnreadlng. lust to the top Of the rtghf
sbouIder The other end floats free
from the hack Of the head. extending
n long slim folds much longer than
tbe velvet train. These folds may De
allowed to drop. may be held In the
hand or wound about the arm. en-
nbasIzing its whiteness with their
mis- Of brilliant color.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
EirIna stoekinq -Runs.s

Here Is a satisfactory method for
repairing runs which work such
havoc with stockings Use a fine GRO
schet hook. pick up the dropped stitch.
draw the next loop through II and con-
tInue the length Of the run. picking up
every stitch or thread in turn and
drawing Il through the stitch on the
needle. Al the end fasTen securely
with needle and thread In case Of
a wide run. where two or more
stitches have been dropped take each
stitch and work in straight line. II
carefully done the NEEDING win mot
Be noticeable and the stocking WIN
be given a new lease Of lie u Is
batter to take the run as soon as yoH
Sc II has started
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
CHARLES E STUMP, THE TRAVELLING CORRESPOND
EMF FOR THE BROAD AK, HAS BEEN RESTORED
TOGOOD HEALTH AGAIN AND THE PAST WEEK
HE HAS BEEN VISITING SHREVEPORT, La
AND OTHER POINTS IN THE EXTREME SOUTH

education. II means so much to get an
education, and be able TO get with the
thinkers They let me come in with
out, but just how long they are going
to keep this up | am not prepared to
tell for I can feel chill at times when
am a little out of my class, 1 still
strive to use big sounds and look
wise. / can make them take notice.
For instance while in Tulsa, / wanted
10 say something big 20 Mrs Hughes,
] said, 'lituremul sintelatumuk tasilo-
iukell soSitolitgamum. She just looked
wise without trying TO answer, but she
seemed to say to herself "Youmusus
beus a foOulum straightus. -, I don Z
know whether she said it or not. but
! could see something like that in her
mind. She gave me one more good
dinner 10 go under my ribs.
1 made it to Terkansas, found Mrs.
$. A. Mathes busy, and. her daughter
at home. She had gotten herself in
shape and was going to Guthrie TO
nurse me. and letter from Mrs. E. L.
Stewart, way up in Chicago, says that
her suit case was packed and she was
getting ready to make to Guthrie TO
help DR.. Conrad fight the disease
germs. and I think she meant every
word of it. tell you / am there.
l must bring this letter to a stop. If
you desire to write TO me. send your
letter to 2sl3 Thomas avenue, Dallas,
Tex.
. have not heard from, Mrs. Carrie
A. Tuggle for a long time. In this city
had the pleasure of meeting Mrs.
Katie Miller. whose husband is at the
head of a large show on the stage. He
is doing good work. But why mention
Mrs. Milleri She is not on the stage
but she looks after the trunks of her
husband, his clothes and the like. She
is the daughter of Rev. Henry Allen
Boyd, of Nashville, Tenn, assistant see
rotary of the n. B. P. B., president of
bank, and was accompanied by his
wife and daughter to japan. When
Katie returned from japan, she
thought it a good time TO become a
wife and married the man she loved
and said that she was really happy.
CHAS. z. STUMP.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
Gum Arabic With Starch.

To give a beautiful gloss to collars.
procure two ounces Of fine white gum
arabic and pound II to powder. put
il into a pitcher and pour on TO 1t a
pint or more Of boiling water. accord
ing TO the strength you desire. Cover
and let stand overnight. In the morn
ing. pour Il carefully from the
dregs into a clean bottle, cork. and
Seep for future use. A teaspOOnful
n gum water stirred into a pint Of
starch made In the usual way N1ll give
a beautiful gloss to collars, and TO
lawns a look Of newness. II Is also
GOOD for dresses and all kinds 81
laees.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

The Pyramid Building & Loan AssO-
,iai0n' Offices at s5ss State street, the
Sn'y corporation of its kind operated
y members Of the race in the state,
@S reached the one thousand dollar
mara, The receipts last Monday evening
TS'aied more than one thousand dollars
lung its two years of existence, the
!. sss0e'atiOn has loaned the members Of
- race more than $4,000 to help pay
mortgages on their homes.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
BRIGHT DRESSES FOR WINTER
Gay and Pretty Costumes Add an Air
Of cheerfUlness on the
Dull Days.

As the winter season advances,
brighter and prettier are the dresses
that are worn, which Is as IL should
be. A pretty bright costume is cheer
ing on a dull gray day. For instance,
an attractive brown taffeta dress, with
a tucked vest OF the same fabric, Is
made with an eton effect and a belt
of bright-cOlOred ribbon. A blue tat
feta dress has q waist which suggests
a basque. with seams piped in silk. II
is slightly shirred in at the waist
line TO adapt IL to a girlish figure.
Red wool is used TO outline the neck.
The skirt has six bias bands, which
are sewed around at the top, but each
band is left loose at the lower edge.
which adds grace to the skirt. This
dress would he pretty made in navy
blue satin.
Another blue silk dress is made
with a round yoke Of navy blue georg-
cite crepe. which extends as a band
across each shoulder and down the
tops of the sleeves. This georgette
trimming is outlined along the edges
with bright green silk machine stitch
ing.
A dress which combines brown vel
vet and brown wool jersey has an
accordiOn-pleated skirt Of the latter
worn with a hip-length jacket OF
brown velvet edged with wool cord In
orange tones. The same wool cord
edge forms buttOnhOles for wool but
tons of orange color. This OverblouSe
has set-in sleeves of the velvet.
A dress Of blue velvet and satin Is
trimmed with touches of blue wool
embroidery. Pockets on the skirt
have thistles or corn flowers of blue
clipped wool used with green wool
! stitchgup
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
AN ACTIVE WORKER

Mrs, Eliza jackson, 1888 Elmwood
avenue state grand queen of A. Q. K.
sn' d A. is actively engaged in push
.hs forward the work Of the organiza-
.Oh' Mrs. jackson is now preparing
iot the annual meeting to be held in
'hlS eltv in August.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

The purple color Of are-lamp globes
q due TO the use Of manganese IN Tho
Siass. The manganese Il used 70 eouE
taraet the greenIsh color which comes
IRON ferrous salts IN the glass. but the
action o. light % the manganese only
substitutes q purple eOIOrariO1 Tor .
ereenlsh hue.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

DIR. Fannie Emanuel, who has become
a full fedged physician and surgeon,
has opened her Office at 1882 Rhodes
avenue. and she is amply prepared to
look after the interest of her patients.
from A to Z.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
10 calIn for ono Be-.

10 make q success Of NE you must
bs always a. Il with Jour eye on the
5ob. Diversion win Stimulate far
more intensive effort. bot the effOrI IL
self musi have no divertins 1nfueneA
This one thing ] do says the apoS-
tie anA IN doing u ne wins Keep
yOns eye on the ball and pm yOur bess
TOTO ne game
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
g1AN 10 BUnD.

Mu Nettis Anderson and Miss Ruth
9. pSskin, 1884 vernon avenue, who
pS1rehasea several lots in Morgan Park
throaah the Bailey Realty Co, are
plsnniDr to build their future home
during the early. summer.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

According ~ TIE Unifed States eso-
logical survey the highest mountain
io the state Of New York b Mount
Marcy, q peak n the Adirondack
which rises 6844 feet shove 80 Level
TIE average o. main elevation Of ths
state. as estimated b The geological
survey. IL 300 feet
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
IMPROVED.

Walker A. Bright, 1928 Walnut
street, who has been confined to his
home several weeks on account Of i'll
ness, is improved very much and able
70 be out.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
Logical Habit

~Why Is II that musicians have such
long hair?" II suppose they think
they ought 10 have plenty Of locks to
match their keys"
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
CHIPS.

Mrs. J. T. Winsett, of Chattanooga,
Tenn, has for the past several weeks
been visiting at the home Of her sisters,
Miss Nellie Galloway and Madam NJ.
Galloway Byron, 5000 Rhodes avenue.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
Jud Tunkins.

"The trouble with smart man."
said Jud Tunkins. lis that he's liable
TO sppud more time shown OF than
he dn,.> ,yorkin
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
Negroes Came Before PIIarIm,.

Twenty negroes were brought to
America in 1919 So the negro has
been an American one year longer
than the Pilgrim.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

"The Vampire" IS aptiy applied to
this spring hat, a creation Of enameIed
straw, with ehantilIy lace and tassels
81 silk thread and jet beads draped
over the ear.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
TO GIVE sUPpm

... nun Temple No. y, s. N. T, Win
an. ''aln its members and friends At q
n supper at the home Of MrA L.
cage 80 z. slst street.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

Metal motifs. ostrich fur balls ana
,oTrltv plns al enter into the decora-
t,oas featured on fur and fabric hats
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
TT. DEARBORN HOSPITAL NOTES.

Mrs. Jeanette Weaver, who was oper-
a,cl on by DR.. Gordon jackson at the
F.. Dearborn Hospital a few days ago
+; -onvaleseing.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12
r DANCE AND RECEPTION BY
IL vr MEMBERS OF TIE Apo
J.Trox CLUB WAS A HIGHLY
ENJOYABLE affair

AZ Lottie n. Cooper Of New York
CITY was on That Occasion the Hon
.red Guest Of Mr.. and 1Es. Julius z
Taylor.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

VIZ. Edwina johnson, who recently
me- with an automobile accident was
discharged from the Fl. Dearborn Hos
r.itaI February Z.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

Mrs.. Maggie Armheld, who has been
rouvelcscing in the Fl. Dearborn Hos
pral for two weeks, was discharged
Monday
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1921-02-12

Mr.. Lessee B. Farbee is to be opeT-
arrI on at the Fit. Dearborn Hospital
within the next day or two! Mrs. Far
bc. has been under the care of DIR. c.
7. cooper.