Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1921-08-23

War Wrought Vast
Colonial Change,

-hNS VI Lle Flo
those Of the vtctors have an e Of
about soc. 900 square miles and 4
population Of approximately 25,004,-.
300. while Colonial dependencies being
slowly created from the former terri
tory OF the vanquished. chiefly in AEa
Minor. probably represent 2.000,Q zoe
square miles and a population of now
than 10000, 00e.
Q. P. Austin, statistician Of the NJ
tiona City bank, in analyzing the po-.
ntfcal divisions designated a "tcolop
MES. "protectorates' and "depen-
dencies." says they total $50 places
ana puts their combined areA at about
10000. 900 square miles and their ag-
gregate' population at about 575.0oo.-
600. Their combined area thus gov
erned at long distance" or as colo-s
nies. protectorates, dependencies and
inundated areas, lying at long dis
tances from the governing country, 8
thus more than one-third Of the 60.
tire land surface Of the globe and its
population nearly one-third That Of
the inhabited world.
Britain Heads Lst.
OF these $50 groups Of people scat.
tered the world ever, the governing
countries are nine in number, Great
Britain. France. Netherlands, Bel
and the United States. Great Britain
heads the list in number of peoplA
thus governed at points distant from
the seat of government, the combined.
area of Its colonies, dependencies. pro-
t~ectorates and inundated areas aggre-
eating more than, 10. 000. 900 square
miles, and with a population Of about
area, 100000 square miles and /
population of about $4,000. o0D:
Netherlands. about $4,000 square
miles and a population of about 49,
600, 1000: Belgium. a colonial area Of
100000 square miles, with a popula-
ton. of approximately $1,000. 900;
Portugal. $4,000 square miles, with
q population Of 5000. 900; Spain.
$4,000 square miles. with popula-
ton of less than 10000; Japan. ap-
proximately 100, 900 square milas and
a population Of as, 0eo. 900. while tho
non-contiguoue territory of tho Unit
ed States Exclusive of Alaska) agsre-
gates $4,000 square miles and itA
population about 12.0e0,o
In general terms" sa.ys the sta
ttstician. "the colonial area Of Great
Britain is one hundred times It's own
own; that Of France twenty-one.
times its own area, and the population
considerable in excess of its own;
Netherlands colonial area sixty times
that of the governing country and
the population seven times that of its
own; Belgium's colonial area eighl
times that of the governing country
While all Of the countries govern
Ing non-contiguous territory are To-
Gated in the temperate zone, a large
part Of the population thus governed
areas. Practically all Of tropical
Africa is governed from temperate
zene United States and Japan. while
the flags of Great Britain. France.
Netherlands and the United state.
float over considerable tropica1 areas
in or fronting upon the Caribbean,
n non-tropical areas included in
the worlds colonial list are Canada.
New Zealand, the southern part Of
australia. Korea (now known as
Chosen), and the various sections on.
the Asiatic coast now governed by
Japan. At the extreme north are
Denmark; S~pitzbergen. which the
peace conference recently made a de-
tendency of Norway, and Alaska.
which We do not call a colony or de.
tendency but 'non-contiguous terri
tory and which in fact is a territory
of the United States with a delegate
In congress. At the extreme south,
ouloAA LAC LIOplCAI OSlk, IL Inc 6IlClSn,
colony of the, Falkland Islands.
10000 Miles OF Railroad
"The railways Of the colonial world
now aggregate 10000 miles in
length. while the commerce Of the
worlds colonies, p~rotectorates and
dependencies in 1920 aggregated
about $l1, o0o. 0O0, 200. imports FORM
ing about 5000. ooo. 900 and exports
about $4,000 900, 900 of this grand
total. Most of the areas in question
are producers Of raw materials and
their exports in most cases exceed
their imports, their chief exports be-
ing cereals, meats, tea, coffee, sugar.
wool. hides and rubber. and their
chief imports manufactures drawn in
large degree from the governing
country. ..
Prior to the war the bulk Of the
trade of the colonies occurred with
the governing country. except in the
case Of Canada Int the other colonies
lying near to the great markets Of the
United States, but during the war the
unsettlement of transportation facih-
ties led man of the colonies to con-
duct their exchanges directly with the
capable of supplying manufactures
which they took in exchange for
their natural products. AS a result,
our W trade with the worlds colo
MES as a whole has enormously de-
veloped in recent years.
The total imports of the United
States from the entire colonial world
in 1920 were $1,9s0,0o0,O 900, against
only $426,000.o0o in 1913; and our
exports to the world colonies about
81 ,00o, 900, against only $613.-
o00, 900 in 1919, these figures includ-
ing the trade with our own on-con-
tiguous territory. Thus our total
trsde with the colonial world. includ-
ing u own islands, in 1920,
$3,775 ,000, 200, against $1.o3S, 000, 900
in 1919. Commerce with the world
colonies formed about 81 per cent of
our total foreign trade In 1920,
against q little over ~ per cent in
1913.
'The chief effect OF the war in
colonial control waS, first the trans
fer to the victcrs Of the colonial pos
sessions OF the 'vanauished and.
second, the extension OF government
Of the victors over certain areas OF
the defeated countries which weresnot
formerly considered as colonies. Ger
many's entire colonial possessions. To-
Gated in Africa and the Pacific area,
were taken over by the victors and
their control distributed to allied
countries considered experts in coloni-:
al management or in position to as
sumo these duties BY reason of the
c~ontlguity. of the area 90 distributed
to otfssr areas already under their
control. In many cases the countries
to which these colonial areas were
distributed were given by the league
of nations a mandate over the Colo