davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
DON'T CROWD GROWING CHICK
Where Space 10 Limited Youngsters
Become overheated, Causing
Outbreak Of Colds.

Growing chicks must not be confined
to crowded quarters at night. If they
are, they will become overheated and
this, in turn. will lead to the develop
ment of colds Of which it Is very diff.
cult to rid the flock and which may
be carried along through the summer
and fall, causing serious outbreak
Of colds in the laying flocks the fol.
lowing winter.
How can one tell whether or not
the chickens have enough room? One
Of the best indications is the condi-
ton Of the plumage. II the plumage
ia bright and clean It Is a good sign
that the birds are doing we'll and have
room enough. If the plumage is soiled
by droppings, 1t Is an indication that
there Is not room enough for all of
them on the roosts. with the result
that some are compelled to rest on
the floor beneath the roosts and thus
become soilcd.
A trip to the growing houses after
dark will also determine whether
enough room Is being provided. II
there Is not space enough SO that all
the chickens can find room on the
roosts. the quarters are too crowded
and some Of the chickens must be
taken out. II all can find room on
the roosts comfortably and II the
house Is well ventilated. the quarters
are not crowded and the youngsters
should d. well.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

ounces. 1t is easly handled. The eye
counts most in connecting sQuarely
with the hall. II you meet the ball
exactly right it will travel like a bul.
let. If you hit it off center the hall
won't travel nearly so far nor SO fast"
Not 4 Sig Man.
Hornsby is not a big man. He
weighs only l65 pounds. He was
twenty-five in April. He bats right.
handed and has free, easy motion
when swinging.
Apparently he doesn't put much
snap into his hitting. but in reality
his gracefulness covers up the power
he is really exerting.
The offer Of 100000 and four play
ers, the equivalent Of 100000. made
by the Giants last winter for him, has
not turned the Cardinal stars head.
He plays brilliantly because he has
his heart in every game and because
he owns an almost perfect pair OF
batting and fielding hands, and set
Of wonderful eyes.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

Rogers Hornsby, the boy king Of
the National league batsmen in 1920 Is
out for 400 year. Hornsby is again
leading the league with his batting
hands. and he is performing as bril-
liantly as ever at second with his field
ing hands.
"I've got good start this year. It
has always been my ambition to pound
out a season average Of 400 or better.
Perhaps this will be my year.
"Usually make a poor start. l
lay that to bad pitching in the first
few weeks Of the spring.
Likes Good Pitching.
II like good pitching. Bad pitching
bothers me. To my mind, you can fig
ure a good pitcher better than poor
one. He has control. He Is playing
the game. He knows the game.
II like to hit the ball on straight
line. When you hit it square it trav-
els that way and 1t will usually 50 for
extra bases. don't think slugging Is
/ matter Of weight.
1.-THE bat use weighs only AZ
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

Neepln0 ACCOUNT OF eeSo 0lvon 20
Cows 10 Necessary to Determine
Cost Of Producing Milk.
fairly representative Of many Middle
Western cities.
The investigation covered seven
companies, which sold about 16.5OO,OOO
quarts of milk and cream in 1920. or
approximately 65 per cent Of the total
quantity consumed. The companies
ranged in size from a very small one
wagon concern up to the largest, which
operated Az milk routes.
From the point of view Of the farm
er and the consumer. the important
question is, What does it cost to han
die the milk from the farm to the
consumer? The cost Of raw milk was
between 63 per cent and IS per cent
Of the total cost Of the milk as 1t
reaches the consumer.
During the period under study the
retail price of Grade A milk in Co
lumbus, as quoted by the dealers In
vestigated, ranged from Is cents to
las cents per quart. though during
1920 the two small dealers sold their
milk. which comes from tuberculin.
tested cows. for Is cents per quart.
At the same time the wholesale price
of milk ranged from II cents to 12h
cents.
The average number of customers
per route in 1920 ranged from l6y to
~. and the number Of quarts per
wagon ranged from 178 to 1878, the
average being 262. 1t is noteworthy
that the most profitable company was
the one having the largest average
wugOnlOad.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
SPRAYING CELERY TO
PREVENT LEAF SPOTS
Application Of Bordeaux Mixture
Is Recommended.
Treatment Should Continue Through
out Growing season and More
Especially In Moist, Cool Wealth.
er-Apply With Pump.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture.)
Celery plants should be sprayed with
bordeaux mixture every ten days to
two weeks to prevent leaf diseases,
which often seriously injure the crop
for market purposes. These leaf spots
occur generally in celery-growing dis
tricts in the United States during cool,
moist weather. Homemade bordeaux.
composed Of 4 pounds bluestone Coop
per sulphate) and 4 pounds stone lime
to SO gallons Of water, IL the cheapest
and hest fungicide for the purpose.
The spraying should be begun while
the plants are still in the seed he'd and
continued throughout the season. The
sprayings should be more frequent
during moist. cool weather favorable
to the development Of the leaf spots
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

the heavy receipts, for the stOckmen
would know that most of these cattle
going back to the country must be re-
turned to market during the next few
weeks or months and enter cOnsump-
ton channels.
Having established in this fashion
a broad basis for his operations. let
US assume the stockman is feeding a
tot Of steers for the market. He must
now give market reports more careful
and persistent attention than before.
1t is quite important that he know
what kind of cattle are in best de-
mand on the principal markets. II
there Is steady inquiry for heavy
finished cattle, and that kind are sell
ing ut a premium over lighter weights.
it will probably pay him to feed his
cattle out" unless the cost of feed
is exceptionally high.
II, however. cOnsumptive demand
seems to be drifting steadily toward
lighter retail cuts Of meat, or, because
Of general business depression or some
other cause. is centering chiefly on
the lower and cheaper grades. he may
find it more profitable to market his
cattle at an earlier age and before
they have attained great weight.
! Abundant information along this
line will be found both in the live
stock market reports and the reports
dealing with meat-trade conditions In
the large consuming centers.
| In this connection the stockman will
also be interested in keeping advised
as to whether the slaughter of meat
is increasing or decreasing and wheth.
er the movement applies equally to all
classes Of meat, or whether Slaughter
OF beef is decreasing while that OF
some other class Is increasing. This
Information is obtainable from the
statistical report covering the live
stock and meat situation, which 1,
based on the federal meat.inspecti0r
reports Of the bureau of animal IN
dustry and Is also published MONTH,
b. the bureau Of markets.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
i]AtR{{]
MILK DELIVERED TO CITIES
Fiourss Announced BY Department Of
Agriculture on Total Cost 20
Ultimate Consumer.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
The total cost of milk delivered to
the consumers door In Columbus. O..
during the FIRST six months Of 1871,
ranged from 11.3 cents up to 1873 cents
per quart. IL the costs Of one company
which does business In certified"
milk are omitted, according to the dg.
ures recently announced BY the United
states Department Of Agriculture. The
cost Of the raw milk delivered at the
dairy ranged from 81 cents to ~ cents
per quart. The total cost Of Op.
Grating the dairy plant, including the
pasteurizing and bottling Of the milk.
ranged from cent to Ia cents per
quart, and the cost Of delivering the
milk from the dairy to the consumer
ranged from 1.6l cents to 80 cents per
quart.
The item Of administrative expense
varies widely. being as low as two
:enths Of cent per quart for one
small company and as high as / cent
per quart for large concern.
Two Of the seven companies covered
were small concerns which produced
their own milk supply. The cost Of
producing the milk for these com.
panies In 1920 was SO cents per quart.
which is very similar to the price paid
for milk by the larger concerns.
One Of the items Of cost which has
attracted most attention among stu
dents Of the milk business Is the so
called "bOttle loss" The depart
ment's study indicates that for the
companies covered In Columbus this
item ranges from one-tenth to two
tenths Of a cent per quart.
Great difficulty was experienced in
getting any satisfactory information
concerning the shrinkage which takes
place in the handling and delivery Of
milk. but according to the best data
available this item amounts to be-
tween % per cent and SIS per cent Of
the total volume Of milk.
Columbus is a city of 237 ,O31 popula
ton, which IL reported to consume
about 27.0OO.OO0 quarts of milk per an
mum. This milk is supplied by ovel
1900 producers. from IS different coun
ties, and Is transported to Columbu!
from territory having a radius o.
IS miles. Conditions appear to b.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
FARM
$]RG)NflK,
KEEP PRODUCERS INFORMED
Farmers Advised to Study Market Re-
ports In and Out o. Season 70
Keep Posted.

prepared by the u. 8. Department -
Agriculture.)
How can the farmer and stock rats
er turn the live stock reports Of the
bureau Of markets, United States De
partment Of Agriculture. into dollars
is frequently asked.
The answer Is for the farmer to get
so much information out Of the re.
ports that he can conduct his breed
ing. feeding and marketing operations
little more intelligently in the IT,
ture, and therefore more probably
than In the past.
Market reports are history, and the
chief value Of history Is the basis
which 1t provides on which to fore
cast the future. In other words, what
has happened In the past will prob
ably occur again under the same or
similar circumstances.
Small benefit Is generally derived
from reading q single market report,
or one covering short period Of time.
Markets move in cycles, and the man
who would keep informed must follow
them diligently In season and out.
This Is a matter Of particular impor-
lance to the stockman, because his
business is. to an unusual degree. .
longtime speculation. He must pre-
pare now and lay his plans today in
light of what he thinks the market
will be anywhere from six months to
two years hence. But how will the
departments reports assist him in
doing this?
First Of all, he should take into &C
count potential supplies Of the par
ticular class Of live stock in which he
Is interested. Assume that cattle is
his line. The monthly report, Stock
at Stockyards. gives the number Of
cattle and calves marketed from
month to month through 68 central
markets. If such movements are un-
usually heavy for any considerable
time, it may indicate cattle short
age during the next year or two. and
shortage Of any commodity usually
means higher prices.
This same report also shows the
number of cattle and calves that went
back to the country as stockers and
feeders. If such movements were ex-
ceptionally light. it would help to con-
firm the belief that a comparative
shortage in cattle was impending. On
the other hand. heavy stocker and
feeder shipments would 60 long way
toward neutralizing the importance Of
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
CONCRETE FLOORS ARE BEST
Promote and Protect Health Of Az
Farm Animals and increase Prof.
lts for Farmer.

A concrete barnyard makes a fine
exercise lot In all kinds Of weather
and always affords dry spot for the
animals he'd. Every shower washes
the surface clean and Pushes the
droppings into the manure pits. Con-
crete yards tighten the work Of the
housewife. as there Is no mud to be
tracked on the walks and kitchen
floor. The use Of rubber boots Ii un-
necessary. On concrete floors not q
particle Of grain need be wasted. The
way to the water trough Is always dry.
smooth and passable. Concrete floors
promote and protect the health Of farm
animals and Increase the profits Of
farming. STOCK raising and dairying.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
TEACH YOUNG BULL TO LEAD
caif Can BE Halter Broken With
Little Effort II Taken in Hand At
Right Time.

A bull that is to be kept for service
should be taught to lead while he Is q
small calf. He can be halter broken
at this time with few minutes effort
He should not only be taught to lead
without a tight rope. but also should
be taught to stand. II given this les.
son while young. In after life. when he
IL led out for visitor to look over OF
to he photographed. hs makes q much
better appearance
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

and farther apart in dry, hot periods.
Apply the mixture thoroughly with
pump which will give very fine misty
spray that will cover the plants but
not run down the stalks and thus dis
figure the stems.
Since the disease Is carried over
winter on the seed and in the soil
where diseased celery was grown the
previous year. it is important that new
soil be used in the seed bed or the old
soil sterilized by steam, hot water or
formalin solution and that disease free
seed he planted.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
HARVARD 1922 NINE INTACT
Captain Emmons Who Played Second
Base 10 Only Regular Who
Will Not Return.

Harvard's varsity nine, victorious In
the Yale and Princeton series. will re
main virtually intact for the 1922 cam.
paign. Captain Emmons, who played
second base on the years team, is the
only regular who will not return to
college.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIP SITE
Games to Be Played on Courts Of Ger
mantown Cricket Club During
Month Of September.

Germantown Cricket club. Philadel-
phia, is the home club Of William T.
Tilden, holder of the worlds, the
United States. British and New Yea
land tennis titles. The championship
will be staged on 1ilden's home courts
next September.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
HOW TO FIGURE
COST OF CROPS
Farmer Enabled to Compute for
Himself Expense Of Produc.
ing Various Crops.
REQUIREMENTS Of EACH CROP
u Precise Records Are Not Available
On Labor and Material gxpsndl.
turos Close estimate Can y
Made Of That section.

(Prepared BY the United States Depart.
ment OF Agriculture.)
Figures from which the farmer can
compute for himself the cost Of pro-
duction of corn. corn for silage, wheat.
eats, and hay, under given conditions,
are presented In q preliminary report
On labor and material requirements Of
those crops. recently issued BY the
United States Department OF Agricul-
tare. These figures cover the normal
hours of man labor and horse labor,
and quantities Of seed. fertilizers, ETC.,
required per acre for each crop. as
determined by surveys BY the Office Of
farm management aud farm econom-
ics.
Apply Basic Factors.
The money cost Is found by apply
ihg to these basic factors the current
rates for, labor. seed. etc. lnasmuch
- It has been found that, in general,
labor aud material costs approximate
80 per cent Of the total operating cost
for these crops. 1t is easy to find this
total when the labor and material costs
are known.
The figures given represent average
crop requirements for the regions
where investigations have been made.
II the farmer does not have precise
records of labor and material expendi-
lures for his own farm, he can esti.
mate them pretty closely by taking the
average for his own region as basis
and applying current rates for labor
and materials. with due allowance for
any unusual conditions that may exist
in his own case. The method Of COM
putation is as follows:
1. Determine the total cost of labor
and material per acre by applying cur.
rent rates to the quantities Of labor
and materials obtained from the in
tlividual's own records. or. IL such are
not available, use those given In the
table.
2. Determine the total operating ex-
pense per acre by dividing the cost Of
labor and material by the percentage
figure given for each region.
8. Determine the total acre cost Of
production by adding the interest
charge or the cash rent paid for the
use Of land.
4. To determine the cost per bushel
or ton divide the total acre cost by
the yield per acre.
The following example shows how
this method worked out In figuring
the cost of corn for silage on an Iowa
farm:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
VARIOUS CLUBS GOING GOOD
Reports Of Returns Of Work Done by
Boys and Girls With Poultry
and Other Lines.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture)
Supervision of boys and girls poul-
try clubs by the United States Depart.
ment Of Agriculture. in cooperation
with state agricultural colleges. was
continued during the last fiscal year
In seven states. where there were L.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

Total labor ana material go per
cent OF operating expense)........ 1851
Total operating expense 100 per
cent? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. WV
Interest on l acre of land ($a0 at
Total cost Observation-Disclosures. IS
Average yield per acre. 9.8 tons.
Average cost per ton. $3.50.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
Baseball
Notes

Baseball is just one four-base hit
after another.
Little Dlckie Kerr believes his extra
inning jinx has finally left him.
The Joplin club has turned Outfield-
er Fred Bratchi back to the Chatta-
nooga club.
Pitcher Jim Reynolds, late Of Kan
sas City and Joplin, is new member
Of the Spartanburg pitching staff.
Ben Smith, first baseman, has been
turned back to the Detroit Tigers by
the Joplin club of the Western league.
Branch Hickey is bear for making
shifts in his lineup. He is known as
one Of the most proficient jockeyists
In the game.
Joe Wagner, late Of Toronto. has
Joined the Greenville South Atlantic
league team.
Ted Anderson, released us manager
of the Flint team. has Joined the Sag
inaw team and will play first base un-
der Red Mckee.
ShortstOp Lutte Boone of the st.
Paul Saints is out of the game for the
rest of the season. as the result Of an
attack Of appendicitis.
First Baseman George Kelly Of the
Giants. when he laid off a day recent
~ to have a tooth pulled, had gone
226 consecutive games.
According to statistics recently is
sued, Purcell. jackson center fielder,
leads the Central league in hitting,
with percentage of 1881.
The Indians are convinced Allan
Sotheron. discarded by both the
Browns and Red Sox, is going to prove
Of lot Of value to them. :
lily Fowlkes, sent by Memphis to
Augusta, celebrated his return to
Sally league company by pitching a
one-hit game against Columbia.
Gavvy Cravath, HOnus Wagner and
Babe Ruth are the only three major
league players ever to make more
than 100 h0mers during their careers.
Jim Gould Of the st. Louis Times
Star says that Hornsby is a much inn
proved player over last year and that
as team man Is q big asset Of the
Cards.
The Mint league, starting new
race. will prolong its play until Sep.
TENDER Is. It Is stated. The original
schedule called for the season to end
on Labor day.
PrOugh. Kalamazoo catcher, Is hat.
ting like q fiend. In recent game
with Lansing he got five hits out Of
five times at hat. two of them being
three-baggers.
Jewel Ems. who Is playing third
1
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
WHAT TY LIKES

"Slicker" Parks, the Univer-
sity Of Michigan pitcher, Is
working for Ty Cobb's Tigers
now.
Parks has the markings Of
big Lacquer.
The youth has piled up some
marvellous strikeOut records
during his college and minor
league career.
He possesses the kind Of
stuff that Cobb likes in players
baseball smartness.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

l08 clubs with 29.480 members. Of
which 12.788 made reports from which
the following totals have been COM
piled: Eggs set, 7Sl. 100: chicks
Matched. 51O.478: value Of products
sold, $94.781.32: value Of stock on
hand. $3.50. 277.S7; exhibits held, TIP;
members exhibiting. 5,615: prizes re-
eejved. $0.681.11. A feature Of prog.
ress was the improvement In quality
C fowls bred By club memberA
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
Pitcher Joe 8oehiinQ.

for 1900. He was then taken on by
Bridgeport Of the Eastern league.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

Jewel Ems. who Is playing third
base and acting as field captain OF the
Syracuse team. Is giving Jack Bentley
a race for the home run hOuors Of
the International league.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

Prough, Kalamazoo catcher. is hat.
ting like q fiend. In u recent game
with Lansing he got five hits out Of
five times Mt hat, two of them being
three-baggers.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09

The Mint league, starting new
race. will prolong its play until Sep.
TENDER Is. 1t Is stated. The original
schedule called for the season to end
on Labor day.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-09-09
JOE B0EHLING IS RELEASED
Former Washington Twirier 10 Cast
OF by Canadian Club and 10
Signed by Bridgeport.

Pitcher Joe Boehling was recently
released by the Toronto baseball club.
He was purchased Gown the Portland
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1921-08-15
FARMER LIVESTOCK
PLANT FOR CHICAGO

ST PAUL, Mimi. Aug. IA ma
uonal livestock selling agency. to
handle several million dollars Of
livestock annually. will be launched
in Chicago soon. The Central CO.
operative. Association, recently
launched here. will be an important
unit OF the national corporation, &C
:ording to an announcement of the
Minnesota farm bureau federation
tonight.
A national conference will be
held in Chicago September 2 to lay
plans for a corporation that will
represent cooperative selling COM
panies Of all terminal markets at a
IS per cent reduction in commits
zion charges, II was stated.