davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02
HAVE THE COWS FAT
WHEN THEY FRESHEN

A common fault among many
dairymen in the country is neglect
of dry cows. 1t don't make much
difference how you handle your dry
cows in the summer time, so long
as they have good pasture that
is all they need. But in the winter
it is different proposition and one
that is handled too carelessly by
many farmers. On some farms of
the valley it is somewhat common
practice to winter dry cows at a
straw stack and to bring them into
the barn for better feed and care but
few days before calving. Such
cows come to their freshening in
poor condition. They haven't the
flesh to go for top milk production.
When started in on a ration of hay
and grain, after calving, it takes
them some time to get "filled up"
In other words the food that should
go for milk production goes to put
the animal into suitable condition,
and this at a time when a maximum
is expected of the cow. 1t is far
cheaper and better for the COW, to
put this flesh on while she is preg-
nant, before the calf comes.
In order to stand the rigors. of
calving and at the same time be in
shape for good milk production a
cow should be in excellent condition
when she calves. AS a dairy cow
she should be carrying more flesh
by far than she will be after she
has been milking for a month or
more. If she is fat she will milk
off a considerable portion of the
flesh into the milk pail.
There is one more thing in con-
nection with this. 1t is always easy
to put flesh on a pregnant female,
far easier than to try and fatten a
cow that is producing milk. The
cheap wintering of a dairy cow at
straw stack is often costly when
it comes to cream checks and good
calves. 1t pays to winter those
pregnant cows in the barn and even
to feed them some grain, especially
towards the end Of the pregnancy.
Better calves and more milk result.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02
MATCHING CHICKS EARLY
BEST BET FOR WINTER EGGS

1t is common belief among most
farmers in the valley that it does
not pay to bother with chickens so
far as selling eggs goes. In other
worlds most farmers seem 70 be-
lieve that it is no worth their while
to try and make their hens lay in
winter, save enough eggs for home
use. Opposed to this view are many
farmers, and farm wives, who make
money from their poultry all the
year round. Without desiring to
enter into an argument as to wheth-
er it pays to try and "fool" with
hens, as some people term it, we
wish to emphasize the fact that if
early eggs, winter eggs, are either
expected or desired, the surest way
to get them is to hatch the chicks
in early spring
The old theory that late Matched
chicks will lay just as well as those
brought out early has long since
been exploded. 1t is not true. 1t
takes just so long for a pullet to
reach maturity and begin to lay,
depending both on the breed and
the way she is fed. A pullet can
be forced to lay at an early age,
sometimes as early as four or five
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02

as practically none of the fertility is
lost when only cream is shipped.
In sfact, the farmer who ship
cream is more independent and prob
ably in the long run more prosper
Gus than his neighbor who ships
whole milk. He not only improves
the fertility of his farm by keeping
cows, but he has the skim-milk to
use as feed for calves, pigs and 9TH
er young stock.
a. Dairying produces a steady cash
income. This is one of the features
that has attracted many men to the
dairy business. With cows that are
producing, there is no waiting for
crops to mature; there is ready mon
ey coming in every day, every week,
and every month.
8. There are no crop failures in
the dairy business. Although the
wheat, corn or cotton crop may fail
the grass crop seldom does-anC
where there is grass there is milk
There is hardly a place on the Amer
lean continent where dairying can
not be carried on from one years END
to another, year after year.
g. There is always a ready market
for dairy products. The fact that
milk can be utilized in so many diff
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02
Montana Farming Topics

months, but on the average farm
this is not the case; it takes longer
and for that same reason the early
Matched birds are the ones which
begin to lay first.
1t has been the history of egg
prices for many years that they
reach their peak between Thanks
giving and Christmas, at a time
when few birds are laying. Natur-
ally it follows that this is the time
to get eggs, when they will bring
the biggest returns. In order to get
eggs at this time, and still raise
the birds under average farm con-
ditions, they must be Matched early.
For Leghorns and other quick
maturing, small varieties of hens,
April is the proper month to hatch
{ them. This gives the birds ample
time to mature and begin laying in
! October, before the real cold wealth
er of winter comes on. If they are
Matched much earlier there is dan
ger of them starting to moult in the
fall and naturally. they stop laying
at the moulting time. For the
larger varieties such as the Wyan-
dottes, Red and Plymouth Rocks,
March is the best month for hatch
ing. 1t takes more time and trouble
to care for chicks Matched in March
than those brought out later in the
spring, but this time is more than
paid for by the increased egg pro-
duction of the fall and winter
months.
There is still another argument in
favor of early Matching. Few farm
ers care enough about the breeding
of their birds to wish to save their
ccckerels until they are mature, to
judge their full quality. The sooner
the farmer gets rid of his surplus
cockerels the better off he is, both
in saving of feed and of housing
room Early Matched birds, particu-
larry of the larger varieties, bring a
| premium on the early market as
spring fries. They will actually
OlhlS LII ulOlC llOlkSy Ildu IL al
lowed to run until fall, and at a
greater saving {, f feed. 1t is always
the early fries thct cc-,and the best
prices.
With these things i'll mind, it is
well to start in Matching birds at
once. Eggs set now will hatch the
last week in March, which is plenty
late enough for larger varieties. If
the weather keeps on as it is now
these early Matched birds will have
an easy time of it and cause no more
trouble than late birds did last year.
If the weather turns nasty some
provision for these early chicks must
needs be made, but that should not
be hard. If chicks have the right
sort of stock behind them, if the
parent birds have been we'll fed and
are of strong constitution, it is not
much trouble to raise chicks, even
if the weather is bad. A warm place
to sleep, where there is no trace of
moisture, plenty of good dry food
and on stormy days a place where
they can run bit in the sunshine
and not get chilled, that is about
all. the early chicks need.
For winter eggs, spring fries anG
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02
as it would seem.

as it would seem.
lille the number of dairy cows has
steadily been increasing since 1900,
this is more than can be said of
beef cattle, hogs and sheep. From
1900 to 1914 the number of beef
cattle steadily declined. From 1914
to 1919 the number rapidly increased,
but since then has decreased by 7O0,-
600. Hogs and sheep have shown
similar fluctuation in numbers.
From the foregoing it can be seen
that the dairy industry is on a per-
manent and profitable basis, and in
spite of all that can be said to the
contrary, dairy farmers do make
money and communities in which
dairying is practiced prosper. This
is due to several reasons:
1. Dairy products are mans best
and most economical food, and the
dairy business is capable of infinite
expansion. Government, state and
local health authorities, cooperating
with teachers, doctors and many 9TH
er agencies, are educating the mas
ses to greater consumption Of dairy
products. There will never be an
production of dairy products. 1t
takes four years to bring a cow to
full production, and it is not bust
ness which can be quickly expanded.
2. The dairy cow is the most per-
feet machine for pOrducing food in
the world. She converts rough feed,
much of which would be otherwise
wasted, into a perfect high-priced
product. For every 100 units Of
digestible food consumed, the aver
age dairy cow will return 20 per cent
in the milk which she reduces, while
but IA per cent will be returned by
the steer in the form of edible flesh.
1t is estimated by Professor Err of
the Ohio Experiment Station that a
dairy cow produces as much food dur
ing her lifetime as do II steers. The
meat of one cow will furnish suf-
ficient amount of Def for two sol
diers for a year, while the milk from
one good dairy cow will supply an
equal value for twenty soldiers for
year.
After years of work upon the prob
lem, Professor Hacker of the Min
nesota Experiment Station, and Pro
fessor. Eckles of the Missouri Sta
ton, have determined that a good
dairy cow in years time produces
milk equal in ICED value to that in
the bodies of five steers weighing
100 pounds each.
The 27,761 pounds of milk pro-
duced by the famous cow Duchess
Skylark Ormsby in one year, had the
same food value as 2 1-2 tons of
wheat flour, according to Professor
Washburn. Figuring 10 bushels to
the acre, eight acres Of land would
be needed to produce a quantity of
food for human consumption equal
to that produced by this one COW in
a years time.
8. Dairying removes less fertility
from the soil than any other branch
of farming. Experiments carried on
by the u. S. Department Of Agri-
culture, cooperating with the Pur-
due University Agricultural Exten-
sion Department, show that for each
100 pounds of milk produced during
the winter months when cows are
kept in the stable, there should also
be credit of SOC for manure. Wher
the milk is separated on the farm
and only the butter-fat is sold, thi:
figure will be considerably increased
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02

ferent forms, is a great advantage
to the dairyman. If there is no
available market for whole milk, but
ter-fat can be shipped several hun
bred miles.
All in all, the future of the dairy
business looks very bright indeed, anu
no branch of farming will return
greater profit and satisfaction, pro-
viding the same principles which
make for success in any line of bus
mess are applied. The dairy bust
ness has been and will continue to
be, even to a greater extent, the
backbone of the nations agriculture.
In times Of economic readjustment
like these when the wheat, cotton
or wool producer is crying for leg
islation and protection, little is heard
of the dairyman, and many who
scorned the dairy cow in the days
of high-priced crops are now appre-
ciating that year in and year out,
the dairy business IS the surest and
safest of all branches of farming.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02
A GREAT FUTURE FOR
THE DAIRY BUSINESS

Last year the people of the United
States consumed more than $4,000
100000 worth of dairy products. This
sum represents about 20 per cent of
the total expenditure for food. And
yet, stupendous as this amount is, the
best authorities on the subject agree
that it is not half enough, and that
the American people would be better
nourished, healthier and happier if
A per cent of their total expenditures
for food were spent for dairy pro-
ducts.
This then partially explains why
the dairy industry today is in bet
ter position than any other branch
of farming. Prices for dairy pro-
ducts have held up surprisingly well,
and because Of the great decline in
prices Of feed used in making milk,
there is relatively more profit in
dairying than there was a year ago.
The dairy business is not suffering
from over-production; or, putting it
another way, because in reality there
Is no production of any crops,
practically all of our dairy products
are consumed within our own Dor
ders, and foreign markets do not de-
termine to any great extent the price
for dairy products as it the case with
most other crops.
According to government statistics,
the total amount of milk produced is
utilized in the following proportions:
Liquid milk, 43 per cent.
Butter, Al per cent.
Cheese, 5 per cent.
Condensed milk, 20 per cent.
Ice cream, 81 per cent.
Calves, 4.3 per cent.
Thus it can be seen from these fig
ures that of dairy products there is
little that has been exported and this
Is largely condensed milk, which is
less t.-an per cent Of the total of
dairy products.
During the war there was a great
demand for condensed milk abroad,
but now, due to the high rates of ex-
change, this foreign market is temp
orarily cut off. This has necessi-
tated readjustment Of a small por-
ton Of the dairy output, which is
now being done in a few dairy sec
tions.
The need for American condensed
milk still is great and it is expected
that this trade viii pick up when ex-
| change rates are more naarlv enl1al
lied. There was great loss of dairy
cattle in all the European countries
which were at war and it will be
many years before they can be re-
placed.
Dairying in this country has stead
lily kept pace with the increase in
population, and since 1900 there has
been a Is per cent increase in the
number of dairy cows, which is al
most as much as the increase in pop
ulation. There are now about g.
100000 dairy COWS in the United
States-almost one for every family.
1t must also be kept in mind that
cur population is increasing at the
rate of about million year. This
alone viii demand an increase of
about 100000 a year in the cow pop
ulation However, in view of the
great strides which are being made
in increasing the production of in
dividual cows, by testing and breed
ing, this Increase may not be as great
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02

for the satisfaction that comes from
money making, early Matched chicks
are the thing, both for the poultry
man and for the average farmer.
You can rush late Matched chicks,
do fairly well with them, but the
line of least resistance is to- get
the birds out early.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02

Mrs. J. P. Dorsey of the Three
Forks Herald and her daughter, Mrs.
M. M. McCulloch, spent Mondays IN
Bozeman on business connected with
the Ruby Ridge Oil company. g.
The Bozeman courier. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1919-1954, 1921-03-02
Danger Ahead

FOR THOSE WHO PUT OFF HAVING THEIR TEETH
ATTENDED TO-FOR POOR JUSTIFICATION WILL
EVENTUALLY MEAN POOR STOMACH.
A POOR STOMACH WILL COST YOU MORE IN
TIME AND DOCTOR BILLS THAN ANY AMOUNT OF
DENTAL ATTENTION.
THERE is NOTHING IN DENTISTRY WHICH I
CAN'T DO FOR YOU RIGHT HERE IN MY OFFICE, AND
DO IT AT A GREAT SAVING TO YOU, NOT ONLY IN
MONEY, BUT TIME.
THERE'S NO EXCUSE TO PUT IT OFF.
Thompson Dental ParlOrS
SUITE 2-GOLDEN RULE BLDG.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
Navy Orders


From The Tribune's Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, June 11-Navy orders
Issued to-day follow:
Carter. 1t. w. J. jr.. Supply c.. to Nor
folk.
Elder. Tt. Com. #. K. to des. force, Pa.
cihc feet.
Field, 1t r. P. Med. c., to Guam.
Hammersley, 1t. p. J., Chap. c.. to U. s.
8. Die.
Hartenstien, 1t @. gD w. to U, S. S
Nireo.
Kali, Com. A. c., to Seattle.
Kerr. Lit. Com. r. E., to Portland
Kurtz, Capt. T. r., to Annapolis.
McFadden. Lit. +. L., Chap. c., TO Paris
Island.
Nell. 1t. Com. W. G.. to Washington.
Peircey, 1t. e. F., to Philadelphia
Phillips. LIT. o. j. Supply c.. to Boston
Powell, Com, H., to des. force, All. fleet.
Rettig. Lit. A, TO u. S. S. Charleston.
Robson. LIT. q. g) r. e.. Sup. c.. tc
Hampton Roads.
Rogers, Com. L. F.. to Asatic station.
Shoemaker Com. II. E., TO Annapolis.
Taylor, Com. c., to Newport.
Warwick, Lit. A. D., TO u. S. s. Algorma.
Wick, 1t. Com. II. D.. to Pensacola.
Wiles, Bosn l.. B.. to U. S. S. Chicago.
Blackwell, Lit. 6. g) w. e. (CL-3), to
u. S. s. Aroostook
Harwood. 1t. E. J.. to U. S. S. Kappa
hammock
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
Trade Conditions
In Australia Tie Up
Millions Due u. S.
Protective Policies of the
Foreign Banks and the
Excess of Imports Make
the Situation 5 Difficult

Official Australian trade returns
throw light on the exchange situation
and the difficulty of remitting funds
abroad with which to purchase com.
modities for export
Ihe balance of trade for the eight
months from July. 1920 to February
/ last shows an excess of imports over
exports of $50 0891 900. whereas for the
same period of 1919-'20 there was an
excess Of exports amounting to e45.-
025,0o0.
SO serious reversal of Australia's
position IN international commerce has.
obviously, made it impossible for the
Australlan banks to arrange credits
abroad with the same facility as for
merely. and. while they are making
every effort to finance absolutely nee
essary lmportations, they are empha-
SIZING to the utmost the necessity of
working off accumulated overstocks of
general commodities before purchasing
further.
1t is, however. not so much the pro
tective policy of the banks as the ex-
haustion of Australian credits in Lon
don and other foreign financial centers
consequent upon the great excess Of
Australian imports over exports which
has curtailed exchange operation. saws
Melbourne to the Department of Com
merce
MANY of the banks" he says, "are
quite unable, were they ever so willing.
to sell telegraphic transfers, or even
fairly longterm drafts. 1t is under
stood that in Sydney alone more than
5000, 600 of money paid into American
accounts awaits transmission to New
York. The total amount of American
funds tied up throughout Australia
must run into millions"
Australian importations of American
goods, it is stated. have not been so
unduly large as those from the United
Kingdom, but IN the eight months from
July to February last American mer-
chandise value at s23 ,000,o 600 has passed
the Australian customs, which is about
equal to the total for the whole fiscal
year 1919-'20 AT the same time Aus
tralian exports to America have been
only e6,00o,000, compared with total
of 9f1 10000 for the fiscal year
1920.
The chief commodities purchased by
Australia from America continue to be
oils and gasoline, apparel and textiles,
machinery and other manufactures of
metal, lumber and paper Of these
items oils and gasoline are necessary
commodities" as defined by the laws
Of several Australian states, and no
mar ked decline in their Importation is
| likely.
Australia's avowed policy of encour-
aging the home manufacturer will prob
ably prevent any decrease in importa-
ton OF American machinery for the
equipment of local factories, and paper
remains an obligatory Importation,
though competitive with Norway 1t is
reported that the lumber market is
stocked for year or more. Other
manufactures Of metal are likely to
fall off. also importations of apparel
and textiles and of "specialties," which
can be dispensed with during the period
Of industrial and financial readiustment
into which Australia is just now enter
ing.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
Reports of Black Rust
Affect Chicago Marker

CHICAGO, June 11,--Trade reports of
black rust in wheat fields in portions
OF Nebraska and Iowa turned grain
traders ballash and made an unsettled
market on the Chicago Board of Trade
today, Compared with yesterdays close
IVY ~ wheat was up 2Ac and September
Corn netted gains of from Ike ia
SC oats &c to lc, and provisions
were virtually unchanged at from Sc
lower to 21sc higher.
Professional sellers held sway at the
weak opening in wheat. but after an
hour OF price depression gave way when
the hrst rust reports came from agents
IN the held. Confirmation of the re.
ports ?, m by local authority added to the
.hoNenene' .h despite his explanation that
the rust had appeared onlv in natnred
winter Ns, wheat and was Important as in.
.Ls eLlcasing :, a possible infection point for
'he Northern spring wheat fields. Then
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

another expert summarized tour of
the winter wheat country and predicted
thRt the next government report would
indicate further shrinkage In the crop
and the bears took to cover. Export
demand continued slow.
Hedging operations brought July and
September corn to parity with each
other. A falling off in receipts and the
strength in wheat both made for an up
ward tendency.
Oats followed corn and wheat.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

CENTRAL PARK WEST--Two rooms and
bath, overlooking park; phone: shower:
lease or otherwise. MI Shaug ghnessy. Rty.
ersfde 4167
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
MAN

We call for a MAN, and we mean
Just that. a man who doesn't belle the
name who is aggresetvely ambitious.
keen to get ahead. eager to make a
dependable connection in some capacity
that will reward him continuously.
permanently, and to a degree greater
than he will be likely to command
anywhere else. Our sales department
has room for such man, preferably
ise to start him ar the very top OF ne
ladder. but we do offer unusual OPP
portunlty to a clear-eyed, straight
thinking man to make very desirable
earnings, with quick increase md
steady advancement Call 10 to 4.
Suite 1910. 25 West 43d st,
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
Incorporate Farmers
Finance Organization

DOVER, Del, June 11.--A charter
was filed here to-day for the Farmers
Finance Corporation, authorized to
help finance the marketing of farm
and related products, with capital Of
100000 100.
A charter was also filed for the j.
II. & c. K. Eagle Corporation, textile
manufacturers, with capital of $751;
100000.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

Financial conditions in South Africa
have improved, making credits less diff
hcult to negotiate. The industries are
generally inactive, and owing to an
overstocked market there Is little de-,
mand for merchandise.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
ARMY Orders

From The TYibune's WASHINGTON Bureau
WASHINGTON. June 11.--Arny order:
Issued to-day follow:
Medical Corps
Whitmarsh. Capt. =. L., to Schenectady.
McElwain. 2d 1t. r. H, to Atlanta.
TTemhlay, 1t. J. A, to New York.
Wells, Capt. F. o.. to Columbus.
schwieger. I'd 1t. J. c., TO Carlisle Bar
Quartermaster Corps
Brill, 1t c. B F., to New York
Field. Capt r. b. TO New York.
aeade, Capt. p. F., to Governors Island.
Grice, Capt L. O.. to Camp Mcclellan.
Judge Advocate General
Parker Mai. ]. A. to Washington.
baeon. Capt. w. j.. to Boston.
Alnman Capt p. H, to Washington.
1reyeT, Maj j. NJ, TO Washington.
oihvetu. Capt. c. NJ. to Washington.
Infantry
e. Cyr. 1t II. r.. to Camp Levin.
Soldeh, Capt. j. b. to Camp Travis
1ross' Ii C., resigned
Miscellaneous
Sogers, Capt. \. N, Cav, to Honolulu.
Cooke Capt. c. L., Coast Art, resigned.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

There is strong effort being made
to have the Australian Parliament male
some. reductions in the protective tariff
schedules, more particularly with ref
erence to those commodities which at
feet the agricultural interests and such
manufacturers as seem unlikely to be
produced in Australia within any rea
sonaoie time, even under a protective
tariff.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

SUMNER ISLAND CAMP-OvER-NTTE
FROM N, Y: LARGE CANADIAN LAKE,
WONDERFUL BASS SALMON FISHING :
EITE,R0oM /, VI COTTAGE. COMPLETED Y
+ ~ uRN n lSiiED; SCREENED VERANDAH;
RENTAL $4,000 A MONTH; references
IN9uIRlES TO MIR r. G. GREEN,
SoPERToN, ONTARIO, CANADA.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
RELIGIOUS NOTICES
CHREsrIAN ScfENCE

lecture win be delivered under tha
auspices Of FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST
SCI ENLIST n the church ealftee ceatrxI
Park West and 9eth ST. June 1S. al o. M
og Judge Samuel w. Greene, G. az
I.ouisNiie, KY, member Of the Board a.
Leetureship OF The Mother church rha
FIRST Church Of Christ, ScAe9tlsr, in 8os-
ten. Mass. - NSs
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

Revival Of industrial activity in
China is only offset by depressed com
modify markets and small silk crop,
according to reports to the Department
of Commerce,
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12

A further decline in the price of
sugar mas aggravated financial condi-
aons IN the Dutch East Indies.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
REAL EsrArE-sALE Or RENT


s4TH ST. EAST-Beginnin July fst IN
September S0th. six completely furnished
rooms. including linen and silver; exclu-
sive neighborhood: s280 month Write
Helen Reilly. % West &2d st. Vanaer.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-12
Foreign Trade Notes

For, the first time since before the
war american coal is being imported
tfst consignment, totaling 1.goo tona
arrived from the Pocahontas feld.