davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bozeman courier., 1921-07-13

hay was heavy and clogged the NOW
er, and Axtell got down to clean it
out, neglecting to throw the machine
out of gear. The horses started and,
as he reached for the lines, he slip
ped and one foot was cut badly across
the instep. He was brought to Boze-
man and given surgical attention,
be expected, though he is suffering a
and is getting along as we'll as could
great deal of pain, and it will be some
time before he is able to walk.
The Bozeman courier., 1921-07-13

very serious condition. His physi-
clans announce that there has been a
slight improvement during the past
week, although it is difficult to tell
yet whether or not he will entirely re
cover his eyesight.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Lyman and fam
lily are spending this week at the
Karst camp. Mr.. Lyman is now hav-
ing his vacation from the Foristell
store.
Miss Elva Budd is a guest at the
Bigelow camp up the West Gala
tin canyon this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. d. Rose have re.
turned from a two weeks outing al
Karst's camp.
The Bozeman courier., 1921-07-13
FORMER BOZEMAN WOMAN
DIES IN WALLACE IDAHO

News has been received in this
city of the death of Mrs. Albert
Stringer formerly Emma Myers And
erson of this city, at her home in
Wallace, Idaho, July 6. Deceased was
a resident of Bozeman for a number
of years and was a niece of John and
Ben Anderson of this city. John And
erson left Immediately for Wallace
to attend the funeral.
The Bozeman courier., 1921-07-13
EUGENE AXTELL IS
CUT BY MOWER

Eugene Axtell, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Fred Axtell, is confined at the
Axtell home on West Main street
with lame foot, the result of an ac-
cident at the ranch of Mrs. Jos. Nc
Guire, where he was cutting hay. The
The Bozeman courier., 1921-07-13

Miss May Beggestolff of Lewis
town, accompanied by Helen Louise
Bolton, is visiting in Bozeman with
the latter's grandparents, Mr.. and
Mrs. w. E. Harmon.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
DRINKING ON RAILROAD TRAINS
Law Passed by the Illinois Legislature, 1911


Intoxicating who intoxicated railroad
eng the of about
platform, and conductors make
Section Be People represented
General Assembly, That who shall drink Intoxicating
liquor railroad smoking
passengers railroad platform
be 2500 dollars
($l000 dollars
thirty 800 than hundred 600 days
o both such fine and imprisonment.
while hereby authorized
exercise OF this the
this all the
hereby made the all such conductors
preceding of this Act without
who violates provision thereof and doing they shall be
acting the employees the Any
Judge peace constable police officer
which the committed
Provided That the which such made
within the within which such ofense committed
conductor shall deliver the arrested sheriff.
wherein such shall
shall deliver the arrested judge
the which the committed
trial
who shall comply
shall be deemed guilty of midemeanor and
dollars
than twenty-five {S2500) dollars.
Sec. The companies shall
necessary the three preceding OF this
all their along
lines OF railroad in this
shall and keep such
by this shall for each forfeit the
fifty $5o0O action debt in the of the
People O OF Illinois
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
Will You Be Represented at Washington?

community should delegate
the nations capital December
the against the military autocracy necessary
gather fighting together great training III order
they might how against the The sort
thing insure victory the alcohol auto
cracy Men gather in Washington learn how
enforce the law Nothing before tho nation the world the
Even the Disarmament Conference
meeting Washington will deal with lesser prob
lens The burdens heavy the burdens oil drink
The destiny Of the world relative to Prohibition will be affected by
Prohibition enforcement this country during the few years
This will be affected BY the Washington Convention
Every OF the should make it his her personal
that community has least delegate
Washington preacher should 60 II all
delegate should be This vital
and should be attended Booteggers find
ganze defense their business Surely loyal citizens should be
organize for the defense OF their business Christians
the protecting homes against liquor outlaws
the best things this end get delegates the
full information the AntSaloon League head
quarters 1900 Security Bldg, Chicago.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
medicinal" Beer

Another desperate drive by the outawed liquor interests met
quick defeat Word from Washington indicates that the United
States Senate will legislation similar to the anbeer
visions OF the Illinois law which into effect July ls Ac
cordng not much beer will be legally sold for called medicinal
purposes in the few which this form evasion tech
ncay legal But although the vets failed in their long tight to
bring back beer they demonstrated their determination to nu the
Eighteenth Amendment Proof OF their further
needed the relative the beer situation
the Secretary OF the Treasury issued his regulations From Mwau
kee example this item in dispatch telling of tie
elna' beer the made by real beer
THE lucky greeted with cheer when he
out smiling with of beer 0 his shoulders.
This item typical of the comments and discussions which do
attempt that purpose nedicia beer
provide medicine for the sick but alcoholic beverages for
drinkers.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
DRINKERS PASSING AWAY
Marion (Ohiol Starr

1t drinking habit will be broken
who
number
is there
being drinking habit Comparatively few
this Where before there
negligible number of
who areb becoming drinkers today.
hence the OF the hbu drinkers will have
Twenty the habtua drinkers will have almost
disappeared will have hunt diligently
whisky prohbtve Twenty hence his market
will be good
long hard road this enforcement OF the Prohibition Amendment
to
will of the saloon If evidence
OF the saloon needed be had
practically candidate
has been decivey defeated
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
CONSULT YOUR CONSCIENCE
(Rockford (Ill.) Republican,

One has become something alley
United States these well
beneath
foolish boys confirmed booze hounds keep alive the suspicion
=
by the Tribune edoay whether
liquor good
settled oi
The individual
hd and should be confused with the problem OF convincing
OF fact.
One doubt Ancan residents Prohibition
Prohibition be gidly
cupidy foreign neghbo and people,
doubt world would be
o alcohol.
We have taken this Prohibition the United States
iuon There general inclination repeal which
Therefore problem
whether desire enforce constitutional law
how.
all
do believe The South carried fifty
who
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
Dry Officials Need Dry Helpers

An official charged with Prohibition enforcement may sincerely
try do his duty and still have very slim chance succeed Ii
his helpers and political apponecs who nothing
for Prohibition enforcement official will be greatly
handicapped results He all the himself
depend upon the reliability and sincerity of subodae There
lore it enought merely appoint dry head OF
office His assistants should be dry also United States SER
political appointments should this
feature OF the enforcement problem The people will not be satisfied
with OF drs officials and then the practical tying
their hands through the appointment OF assistants who will make
impossible The people about Prohibition
They will hold those who control appointments response
BILE for the enforcement machine from top o bottom.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
PROHIBITION PROFITS
(Rockford CID Starr

Much has been said Prohibition regarding They
have dwe the big addition the loss OF the
old According York the
Prohibition enforcement said have the So250O00
outlay the violations
yield $53297000
There other noting They
valued nearly S11,000000
Prohibition then. be called business this
Nevertheless, public
this There would be showing
loss widespread OF the
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
Liquor on Trains in Illinois

The law providing for the OF intoxicated persons
and about depo repealed by National Prohibition
railroad having become somewhat careless the
of this 1t that the be enforced All
the original for its by the Illinois legislature
still valid There the additional that DRINKS
trains and about stations should be permitted bring Ma
tiona Prohibition law dsrepute Passengers should
law and insist upon its enforcement.
Cut the copy the law this number OF the Carry
with YOU when YOU Show the conductor
coed person being carried your train This easy and
worth doing.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

hbon be expected succeed when its enforcement is
the hands Of whose sympathy with their work
United States realize that only of time
influence the OF enforcement offices who
dys The people who right that the law will
be enforced will be the by OF who
believe in the law that they will enforce the law Place Pro
hbon enforcement who both the
ability and the sincere desire make Prohibition and the
purposes Eighteenth Amendment will be carried
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
Another Great Wet Reaction"

New Jersey votes for Prohibition enforcement Again great
opportunity actually prove Prohibition unpopular been by
the As recently pointed i'll the Issue New York made
attempts show the people
Nostead Act and the Eighteenth Amendment the books
Now New Jersey OF the that refused
added to the list Of dsappontuen According press dis
candidates the legislature
liberal Interpretation of enforcement laws The Republican cand
for
the Republicans sweeping victory. Ho hum really be-
this pointing actual figures
claims
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

1t is maintained by Secretary Mel
Ion and other officials whom he has
sought advice from, including for
mer Attorney General Palmer, that
the Prohibition amendment did not
pretend to keep beer and wines out
of the medicine chest but that Prohi-
bition was merely to take intoxicants
out OF the class OF beverages.
While this position may be techni-
calIy correct the result of the Mellon
edict will be to increase drunkenness.
and 10 weaken Prohibition.-Peoria,
Ill. Journal
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
Why Enforcement Officials Fail

Pennsyva VIM c. Mcconnell through the influence OF
appointed Federal Prohibition Director for the
Philadelphia American in commenting his fail
says Upon taking his duties Mcconnell issued statement
pedgng rigid Efficiency He declared
the of administration No matter what personal
views going law This
example failure of official who dry heart Pro
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
The Expense of Prohibition

This number the Issue the report many Illinois
the enforcing with
the the public treasury in the form OF fines and
penalties These figures show that claims seldom
based Prohibition the and the
public money than This gain be-
the public benefits of dry law enforcement worth
dollar OF the though penny returned
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT THE "MEDIClNAL'
BEER RULING
THIS is WHAT EDITORS THINK

Nobody ever died yet for want OF
beer. 1t is stretching reason to the
limit to call it medicine Not many
reputable physicians will prescribe
it, and there will, be many druggists
who will not handle it. But there
are plenty OF doctors who think more
of their pocketbooks than they do OF
their profession, and with no limit
placed on the number OF prescrip
tons they can write, the bootleggers
will be able to stock up literally and
do a thriving business while it lasts.
st. Paul, Mimi. Dispatch.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
Illinois Anti-Saloon League Organization Plans

simple effective plan organization
Prohibition has been published by the AntiSaoon League Dry
leaders village and should this
and operation Immediately. There why
loyal citizens should permit the ouawed liquor
the law and each community who bust
and know what drive the The Illinois
League plans enforcement tell what and how do
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

beer, as only few drug stores are
willing to handle whisky. The drug
gists' organizations are against both.
The medical association arc against
both.-Stering, ILL.,, Gazette.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
VOTE ON APRIL IL

Candidates for Congress and the Legislature will be nomi
mated the April H. Vote for ndorse dry candidates
prevent repeal OF enforcement laws.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
THIS IS WHAT DOCTORS THINK

Il am not going to dispense beer,
whether under state or national
law said DR.. a. {. Eakin. TO me
such a law is RELOCATING the doctor to
the Incorporating class. may be
crank. but I've never had a liquor
license. Rockford, (Ill) Gazette.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

Nine out OF ten Hoopeston physi
clans interviewed concerning the eff
cacy OF beer or wines TO the medical
profession state that the two bever
ages contain nothing that physician,
can not supply il; other drugs or
stimrlants where needed One stated
that II was his belief that large
part of the agitation for beer and
ligh, wines for medicinal use was the
result OF skillful propaganda on the
part of anti-dry forces rather than
cry from the physicians of the ma
ton for their use in their profession
-Hoopestown, Qll) Chronicle.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

Rockford physicians have no IN
clination 10 assuage the aches OF
their patients by prescribing beer
This was indicated today as the
result OF inquiries among the medi-
cal men. Practically all OF those
seen resent the Mellon ruling. They
said they would accept the state in
stead Of the federal law.
Following are views expressed by
local physician:
Il think you will find the better
men in the profession will stick by
the state law" said DR.. K. {. Bour-
land. Il believe they have feel
ing OF resentment against a ruling
that would make bar-keepers out OF
them. To prescribe the amount OF
alcoholic beverages permitted under
the Mellon ruling is joke. 1t Ger
tainly would be very seldom that one
would find it necessary to prescribe
two and one-half gallons of beer for
any aiing person. | don't want to
prescribe it unless by pressure OF cir
cumstances. II is unfortunate that
this thing should be unloaded upon
the medical profession
"Why should a doctor be made
the goat" said DR.. John Green.
They ought not TO wish that thing
on the medical profession"
Il consider it an insult to rate me
as bartender" said DR.. d. b.
Pcnniman. II wouldn't bother to
take out a permit to prescribe It. |
have had only three legitimate calls
for brandy in the last year. The
medical profession, | believe, sener-
ally will resent the ruling and stand
by the state law.
at is a state law and am con-
fident local physicians will abide by
it." stated DIR. J. II. Maloney.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

The National Association OF Re
tail Druggists went on record at its
national convention against retail
druggists selling beer as medicine,
even on prescriptions. The issuance
of the beer regulations will not in
duce many druggists TO accept the
hazard which this business carries.
The present druggists permit does
not authorize the sale of medical
beer. 1t will require new permit to
do this. The druggists who take out
these permits would have to get a
new bond and carry the additional
expense for this. If the anti-beer bill
passes, they would have the beer on
hand and it would be total loss to
them.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

Philadelphia, Oct. 29.-Pllysicians
attending the American Congress OF
Surgeons intend to battle nightly
with the demon rum. The recent
ruling of Secretary of the Treasury
Mellon will not affect them.
I'VE will prepare to resist to the
death the wies of thirsty customers
who are waiting until we can get
home to delugc us with supply of
special prescription blanks and birth
day fountain pens" one surgeon said
today.
"Perhaps per cent of the physi-
clans of the country will traffic in
beer, because they can not make q
living at anything else" DIR. Well
born added. "But it will be the same
crowd that has always dispensed
dope when nobody else would
Memphis, (Tcnn.) Appeal.
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18

The men who have issued the rul
ing know there is no demand for
medicinal beer. The sick are not
CRYING for beer. Only a few drug
stores would be willing to handle
The American issue. [volume] (Westerville, Ohio) 1912-19??, 1921-11-18
THIS IS WHAT THE DRUGGISTS THINK

In addition, if any druggist should
violate the law with reference to the
sale of beer his permit to handle
other liquors for legitimate purposes
would be cancelled along with the
permit to dispose of medical beer. If
any of his clerks should sell it to
person who used it for beverage pur-
poses, the druggist might be held re-
sponsible for this under certain con-
ditions. The hazard of the beer
trade is too great TO make it alluring
to druggists.
Eugene c. Bromeyer,
General Attorney for the Asso-
citation of Retail Druggist,
S56-7 Munsey Building,
Washington, D. c.
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
BOOKS, STATIONERY, OFFICE FIXTURES,
FURNITURE AND SUPPLIES.

j. II. Forster, New Ulm ............. $46.25
United Press & Pub. Co, New Ulm 49,. $500
r. r. Kemski, New Ulm ............. 1898
Liesch Walter Pub. Co. New Ulm. 538.75
W. b. Brooks, Comfrey 1925
Nat. Sale & Service Co., Minneapolis. l7.75
Kimball Storer Co., Minneapolis. $685.. 233.32
Hammond & Stephan Co., Fremont 222.72
Brown, Blodgett& Sperry CO., St. Paul 1910
Miller Davis Co., Minneapolis ....... 1,O77.73
Schumacher g. Burk, New ulm ......... lilo
II. P. Becker. Hapska ........ 1885
Free Press Co.. Mankato ............ 190.60
Louis F.. Dow Co., st. Paul .......... S0.76
Farnham Pig. & Stationery CO., Mime
apolis SAP
Fritz Cross Co., St. Cloud ............ 414.43
A. T. Lockhead Pen Co, st. Loui S.. $50
Chas. G. Murray, New Ulm .......... 1877
w. F. Mailer, Springfield ........... 2S.75
Underwood Typewriter CO., Mime
apolis 1880
Arbes Bros. New Jlm 1856
VIC Muesing, New Ulm ........... 34.25
w. S. Booth & Son, Minneapolis ...... 3.65
Elmer Backer. New IJlm 1875
Mrs. AID. Frederickson. New Ulm..... 1000
Office Specialties Co. Mankato ... 2.90
Huff Rubber Stamp Co., Minneapolis. 6.25
Automatic Pencil Sharpner Co., Chi
A. r. Dick e. Co.. Chicago 1854
Munson Supply CO., Minneapolis 500. 24.75
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
JAIL BUILDING, REPAIRS AND EXPENSES.

CT Kaiser, carpenter repairs ....... S25.35
Midland Chem. Co. pine cleaner ..... 1915
Everling Flee. CO., lamps and supplies. 1880
Chas. A. Stolz. hardware ...... 3.45
Chas. Emmerich, plumbing repair -. 1910
Gulden g. Vercoe, plumbing repair -. 20.51
Ulm Gas Co.. gas consumed ..... 111.53
Nagel &. Learv. coal $3.50
Schuster& Schwendinger decorating 1927
o.. D.. Reese Co. Inc, Dpty. Sheriff
Badge LOU
~ Scan 1880
John Rrev. soap and brooms .......... $500
Al Vocel shin laps AIS
Arhos RIOS s,lpnlies for medicine chest 1884
TTlrich Electric Co. light globes $50
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
PROBATE COURT EXPENSES.
SALARY OF COUNTY OFFICIALS AND
HER .

G. Vogel, County Auditor ..... SO, 10000
Deputy Auditors and Clerk hire: Fannie
Kral, Martha Reinhart Ted Hauen-
stein, Herta Mueller, Phil. Esser,
Hedwig Sommer, B. Hippert, e.
and Lillian Weddendorf ........... 2,277.60
Henry j. Berg, Co. Treasurer ......... $500 90
Ed. j. Berg, Dpty. Co. Treasurer $50. 1,712.64
w. B. Mather, Judge of Probate ...... 2,O5O.00
Anna Kienlen, Clerk of Probate Court 10000
Carl F. Manderfeld, Clerk of Court :. 100000
Clerk Hire, Viola Manderfeld ........ 10000
C. N. Robertson, Engineer ........... 100000
C.N Robertson, expenses ........... 1879
F. M. Bane, County Agent .......... 2,159.56
r. b. Kennedy, Supt. of Schools 49,. 2,5O0.00
Eleanor Emmerich, help 5000
P. r. Johnson, help 1900
w. T. Eckstein, Co. Attorney ......... 1,833.34
Frederickson, Co. Attorney ..... 1866
w. J. Julius, Sheriff .............. 100000
H. F. Jahnke, Deputy Sheriff ......... 100000
Chas. G. Murray, court reporter 500. 1890
W.T.. Eckstein, court reporter ........ 5G.40
Alex, Seifert, court reporter. 103.0 90
Lincoln County, court reporter ..... 1896
Henry Rolwes, janitor 10000
Frieda Toberer, Deputy Reg. of Deeds 10000
]. ?. Graf, lst Com. Dist, salary and
mileage and committee work -. 1880
John M. johnson, End Com. Dist,
salary, mileage and committee work. 949.30
Henry j. Meyer. 3rd Com. Dist,
salary, mileage and committee work. 756.15
Chas. l.. Palmer, 4th Com. Dist,
salary, mileage and committee work. 659. sd
Herman Polkow, 5th Com. Dist,
salary, mileage and committee work. 1,2l4.3l
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
Supplemental New Ulm Post
MISCELLANEOUS.

Hans ulen, primary and general cleo
ton c%anvassing board ............
Herman Polkow, primary and general
election canvassing board .........
George Hogen, primary and general
election canvassing board ..........
Louis G. Vogel, primary and general
election %canvassing board ..........
Miller & Davis Co., primary election:
supplies
Liesch-Walter Pub. Co., general cleo
. ton ballots
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
MAKING PRIMARY AND GENERAL ELEC.
TION RETURNS.

H.. d .Beussmann, New Ulm LIST Ward $2.4O
Hugo Gebser, New Ulm End Ward 49,. 2.4O
Ath. Henle, New Ulm 3rd Ward ...... 1.2O
II. F.Schrader, New Ulm 3rd Ward -. 1.2O
Peter Fischer Sleepy Eye, LIST Ward. 400
A.. M. McMaster, Sleepy Eye, LIST Ward 400
Mic Ruenitz, Sleepy Eye, End Ward. =. 400
Ward 400
John Schmelz, Springfield ..... 500
M. G. Ouren, Hanska .............. 6.l5
j. r. r. Bertrand. Golden .........:. 2.40
Geo. T.. Hanson, Evan 1.20
Alfred Kotten, Albin 400
Henry Portner. Cottonwood ........ 2.3O
Hubert Remnant, Cottonwood ....... $50
Fred Mielke. Bashaw 400
Emil Hammermeister, Eden ......... 1000.
Frank Ibberson, Home 1920.
George Dreher. Home 1870.
A. o. Amundson, Lake Hanska ....... $50
Joseph Lieb, Lake Hanska ........... 500.
Geo. ]. Helget, L~aavenworth ,.,...,.. :. $50.
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25

PKISOTVENo.
w T 1ulius. hoard 226.0O
ELECTRIC LIGHT, WATER, FUEL AND
PHONE RENTAL.
City of New Ulm, water and light.... 582.l0
Superior Coal Saver Co, so Id. Coal
Tri State Tel. & Tel. Co., phone rental 1900
Naool e. I,earv. coal and wood. .,..... 1855
R;nshan Pros coal ..... 1888
Nav Him Rural Tel. Co.. phone rental. 348.25
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
BAILIFFS.
TALESMAN
MISCELLANEOUS.

Jos. A. Stadick, help to %janitor ........
Dakota House, meals served to jury
G.. H. Sherwood, court reporter .......
II. F. Jahnke, Dpty. Sheriff expenses.
George Hogen, drawing jurors ........
F. w. johnson, meals served to jurymen
Albert d, Flor, attorney ,......
New Ulm Post. [volume] (New-Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1864-1933, 1921-03-25
COUNTY ROAD AND BRIDGE FUND.
RECEIPTS.

Tax collections SOL 1898
3.44
of Bridge Bonds 100, 145.S 81
County Cummings Bridge :. 5,640.64
Redwood County, S. r. No. 1 ....... 1858
East of Comfrey 1,o4s.ss
Of Comfrey 1881
County S. r. No. 10 ...... 555.O5
Herman Polkow. home rent .......... 6O.O0
Ito State Aid towards S. r. H. No. 54 2,988.18
of bridge blanks to G. C. Eckstein 500
State aid on State Roads ........... 19,8O8.67
Collections of principal and interest,
against S. r. H. No. 81 ............ 258.52
Total $2s3, o6o.se