davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-04-17

L Il
secrets Of the Kaisers regime. If
there are inventions which might have
changed the aspect of the war but could
not be applied-thanks to the sudden col
lapse of the west front-they have been
kept scrupulously imprisoned for later use.
Only one of the secrets thus far disclosed
is Of d nature that might have told de-
cisively in the world conflict
That Is the armored submarine made
possible by a new principle In stability ap-
piled by Professor Flamm. the Charlotten-
burg submarine expert. Other inventions
are chiefly In the direction Of utilizing more
fully the war devices already known and
found successful.
Toward the end of the war IL finally had
dawned on the General staff that the
weapon of SchreckHchkcH was not worth
the candle. The long distance gun was
abandoned as plaything. Air raids on
cities and bombing expeditions in general,
unless they had clear military purpose.
we're given up or resorted to sparngly.
Only In the Improvement for the gas war
were German chemists and laboratories
kept keyed to the utmost pitch of produc-
tivity and at the close of the fighting -
per cent OF all German artillery ammu-
milton was loaded with poison gas
The war would have had to last fully
two years, longer for the armored subma-
rlne TO have played a decisive role. The
new stability problem was worked out on
paper but its applicability and safety could
not have been proved without long series
OF experimental tests.
And another year would have passed
before sufficient submarines could have been
built TO he an apprecahlc peril to the mer-
chant vessels supplying the Allies in tue
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
ArmOredU-BOat TOOLate
Germany's 10000 Ton Submarine Might Have
Proved Deciding Factor in War

Atlantic and Mediterranean. Granted two
years of successful, even phenomenal prep
aration, the armored submarine, in the view
of some naval experts here. must have de-
clded the war. The margin by which the
unarmored U-boat was defeated was not
large, and only the carrying of guns on
merchant ships and the extension of the
convoy system made Americas partlcipa-
ton in the war practicable and so the al
lied victory sure.
BY Prof. Flamm's plans, ns he announced
them to readers of THE New York Herald
. submarine with displacement up to 10000
tons can he armored sufficiently to with
stand the shells Of all guns carried by mer-
chant vessels and destroyers. and even to
assure protection against depth bombs.
Another naval invention. more romantic
and admittedly less efficient Is the crewless
ship. steered by wireless. which under the
most favorable circumstances might have
been driven through the harbor barriers
guarding the allied dreadnoughts. just
how far this was developed is not to be
learned.
The original invention was Of ship
steered by cord with reach of thirty
five miles. The cord later was done away
with, and the principle of wireless control
was applied. In both cases the direction
of the ship had TO he determined by an
observer in an airplane. And since anti
aircraft defence was so highly perfected
before the close Of the war. the crewless
ship probably was not more than an uttrac-
tive phantasy.
Most of Germany's war inventions were
not Of such a striking nature with the great
exception of the big Bertha" This
smashed down the forts of Liege. Namur
and Maubeuge, and enabled Germany to
fight on foreign soil. But the Germans had
then no second great surprise by which the
drive could be made decisive.
The German high command misiudged
the tank. There are many staff officers
who will tell one to-day thnt the failure of
the Germans to build them in sufficient
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
French Officer Invents Cannon
That Will Outrange Big Bertha

At the time Of the nrmstice and ever
since 1918 French and Belgian artillery
experts have been combining their efforts
TO complete a long range gun which will
be without question the most powerful ever
known In warfare and will be capable of
hurting n projectle 900 kilometers. over
twice MS far rs the Big Bertha was able to
project its shells in bombardlng Paris from
the st. Gobain forest.
The inventor Of the new cannon Is a
French officer, Lieut.. Col. Delamare-M Maze.
lie has attained this remarkable range by
developing three factors--the explosive
used the gun itself and the projectile. Ex-
perments on the vivegnis artillery prnc.
tice grounds near Liege have been made
with the new "Turbo" cannon, ms 1t has
been named by its inventor and the trials
have been Judged to be satisfactory. The
name "Turbo" best fits the new weapon.
because, turblnellke, the projectile increases
Its speed after leaving the gun.
Improvements and re1nements OF the
shell are said TO reduce resistance. the nose
being long and pointed and the end fat
tened. This was responsible for only n
small added range, however, for air resist
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
New Gas Shell More Deadly
Than Any Used by Germans

Other shells have been experimental with
which are propelled by series Of explo-
sions Thus shell can be continued in
the air for well over 100 miles by series
Of explosions which give fresh impetus to
the projectlle. BY either method the
bombardment of London from across the
Channel is quite possible while the new
'Turbo" cannon could hurl a projectile into
New York from Boston harbor with ease
Late in the summer of 1918, the French
army put into use new type of gas shell
with a new liquid which caused higher
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
Continued from Second Page.

enemy aircraft with the sole intention of
setting fire to those machines
The rockets could be fired from any po-
sition in the attacking plane or from the
ground, and that was big advantage over
the use of a machine gun and arches or
anti-aircraft cannon. No longer did the
pilot have to draw bead on his German
opponent Regardless Of his position, over,
under beside, in front of or behind a Fox
ker. he could let loose any number of rock
cts he desired and once a rocket exploded
within thirty feet of an enemy plane an
other notch could be cut on the control
stick.
The rockets were filed with explosive
and oil. The explosion notS only scattered
the contents but set fire to the oil so that
the enemy was literally smothered in a
rain of flaming oil. The cost of each rocket
was almost nothing in comparison to the
expense Of installing machine guns, but
they were to become an additional weapon
and from a two-man machine could be fired
by one operator while the other paid atten-
ton TO the control of the plane and the use
of the machine gun.
Much fun had often been made of the
French 'poilu' by his American and Brit
sh comrades in arms because of his pale
blue "tin hat" which they termed dress
parade derby and which was admittedly
more decorative than practical, and did not
afford half the protection of the trench hats
of any Of the other fighting armies. Its
value lay not so much in the surety 1t af-
forded as in the moral courage 1t gave to
its wearers.
The French War Department, realizing
this weakness, was prepared to reequip Its
entire army with a new model steel hat,
much like that of the American and British
armies, but With the advantage of being
much lighter. A specially hardened but
light steel capable of DETECTING rife bull
let at even close ranges was perfected by
French metallurgists, and with this new
material n new trench hat was being made
over the American model weighing prob
ably half as much. As any Of the A. Il. +.
veterans can testify, the olive drab bonnet
grew uncomfortaby heavy at the end of
any long march, which may account for the
fact that one Of the famous New York regi-
ments. noted for It's high percentage Of
troops OF Irish descent, was known as the
"hatless outfit" This unit upon nearing
the front line after n long forced march
was called into action suddenly, half of the
men fighting bareheaded. having tossed
away The tin hats many miles back when
they grew uncomfortably heavy.
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
Will Take the Krupp Works
And Market Important Products

Assuming that even by additional occupa
ton France will not be able TO obtain full
Eayment for her account, it is still clear that
If this occupation enables the French 70
take over not merely the mines but all the
vast Industrial establishments, of which tn
Krupp Works at Essen arc but the largest
circumstance permits her to seize and
operate the coal mines and market their
products in all the world, there will still b.
subs tantial returns, while, as have said, the
additional military expense can hardly -
considerable.
Thus, by an odd coincidence. at the pro-
Use moment when labor in Great Britain Is
undertaking, through the paralysis of the
coal supplies OF the United Kingdom. TO err
force its will, Germany by her folly Is In
yiting France to effect a similar paralysis
II German coal industry and thus OF the
whole German machine. ! know II Is sug-
cested that German labor will rebel against
such French exploitation of German coal
mir es. But even in the case OF a general
strike in the Ruhr France would be abl"
10 find labor in her own Lens districts, where
years must pass before mining can be
sumed and i'm Poland. the source OF much
Ruhr labor in any case.
AS / have said, German policy must r.
main mystery up to the momen- II Is
revealed, but the first clear indications Of
French policy suggest how grave are the
events which are likely to come quickly
after May 1, If Germany fails to heed the
hnai warning. which comes this time from
Washington and from that new Admins
tration which was, in the German mind to
save Germany from the consequences of her
mad assault upon the world and the even
greater madness of her methods in that
ssault.
CCopyii0ht, Mcclure Newspaper Svndicaic.
1921.)
The New York herald., 1921-04-17

would close almost all of her industrial es-
adjustments. 1t would put her in precisely
the unfortunate position which threatens
the British as a detail in their own coal
strike.
Now beyond the immediate industrial and
political possibilities of French occupation
of the Ruhr lie other eventualities which
are not overlooked in Paris. France has, by
regaining her lost provinces on her eastern
boundaries, become the greatest iron pro-
ducing nation in Europe More than half
of the total Of European iron deposits is now
within French frontiers But France lacks
coal. Unless she can find some way of
meeting this coal shortage she will ult-
mately have to barter her iron against Ger
man or British coal. but If she could get
sufficient coal she would become the greatest
steel making nation of Europe.
Supposing that France should be able TO
effect a permanent separation of the Rhine
and Ruhr regions from Germany. to erect
them into some form of separate state, bound
10 France by economic ties rather than by
political chains, but having common tariff
wall, then in no long time France would re-
place Germany in the industrial world. To
cut off the coal from the German market and
open the French market to 1t would at one
time smash Germany and lay the founda-
,lons for an industrialized France, prepare
the way for such French expansion as took
place in Germany between 1870 and 1914.
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
Even Sappers' Mines
Abandoned as Too Costly

And even the sappers mines. which were
to make position warfare impracticable,
were finally vetoed as an expenditure of too
much time and life for the results accom-
pllshed. The least sound Of underground
digging could be detected by highly sensi-
tzed listening apparatus, and the careful
and laborious work Of weeks usually was
wasted.
Human ingenuity in all countries was
more successful in inventing defensive than
offensive devices. And the war, from the
German viewpoint, was record Of the fail
ure Of short cuts 70 victory. n may be
some new invention was completed just rs
the war closed which might have caught
the Allies by surprise and repeated the
gains of the Big Berthasl
But few Germans to-day would venture
prophecy that even with a new great In
venton the outcome could have been much
different. 4 temporary victory might have
been gained But for Germany the truth
was not TO he modified. that the Allies were
stronger irinumhers and resources and that
straug,h u the factor which decides war.
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
South Germany's Detection Would
Utterly Destroy Bismarcks Legacy

More than this, If France were in control
OF German coal the dependence Of Bavaria,
of Baden, of Wurtemburg, OF the surviving
fragment of Austria, upon Prussian Ger
many would be abolished. The separatist
spirit in south Germany would be stimulated
ana at no distant time new south German
confederacy, totally outside of Prussian con-
troll, might arise. And in such a wrecking of
the unifying work of Bismarck France
would find safety which is hardly to be
found while there remains a united and
Prussianized Germany.
No one in Europe forgets that the first
step in the unification of Germany was the
creation of a common tariff frontier. No
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
With Adequate Coal Supply
France Would Lead in Steel Making

Germany would In the meantime be totally
at the mercy Of France. She could obtain
coal to run her industries only by coming
hat in hand to the French and offering such
terms as would satisfy the masters of all Of
the old German coal fields more COM
plete and more effective method of
strangulation it would be difficult to imagine.
If 1t were applied for any appreciable timo
it would bring Germany to her knees. it
The New York herald., 1921-04-17

numbers made defeat in the west, to say
the least possible. The tank, had it been
developed by the Germans instead of the
Allies could have clinched the advantage
gained by the Big Bertha.
But instead of some such telling weapon
the Germans expended more thought on
futile air raids and on dropping shells in
discriminatory on Paris from the dread
ful" distance of fifty miles. And the allied
spirit, they learned finally, was not in the
least cowed by such display of technical
prowess.
German science faced however, an en-
tirely different task from that of the Allies,
and displayed an energy and success with
out which the war could not have lasted
more than a year. Germany was deprived
of many of the elemental supplies for war,
and had to assign Its chemists to the task
Of annulling the blockade the navy could
not break.
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
To Keep Germany Strong in Spite
OF Detection the Allies Wish

French criticism of French policy at the
Conference of Paris criticism which has
grown with every week since the Treaty OF
Versailles was signed. has centred ABOUT
the declaration that this document had con
tributed to consolidating rather than shak-
ing the structure of Bismarck French
policy in past centuries has always looked
at the separation of western and southern
Germany from Prussia as the sole method
of preserving French security. The advance
of Prussia to the Rhine was conceived BY
Europe as a method of holding France in
subjection.
At Paris Wilson and Lloyd George were
both committed to the principle of main
tanning German unity, and the Treaty OF
Versailles did little violence TO this concep-
ton France was restrained in the Sarre,
Poland on the Vstula, to the end that
strong Germany might survive defeat. De-
spite all the various declarations since the
Paris Conference both British and American
policy at critical moments intervened to
preserve for Germany advantages which
would otherwise have been lost.
But Germany has at all times reckoned
upon British and American influences not
alone to save her from partition, but to
protect her from payment, to enable her to
escape from the consequences on the
economic side incident to her destruction of
french, belgian, ltallan ana foilsn inuustiS'
German statesmen and people have failed TO
discriminate between the moderation the
regard for legitimate German rights and
unlimited championship of all German in
terest at the expense of those Of her
victmized neighbors.
This is what makes drastic action after
MAY | almost certain. This Is what makes
all hope of real settlement illusory. This
is what almost ineluctably insures ultimate
German ruin which can simply and ade-
quately be achieved II Germany is deprived
of her coal districts and divided by customs
barriers. which wall her out from that Rhine
and Ruhr territory which Is the source Of
most of her economic strength.
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
Chemists Worked Wonders
In Getting War Material

They took nitrogen from the air-one spe-
cial factory alone used more electrical cur
rent In day than the city of Berlin with
its four million inhabitants. They ex-
tracted glycerne for explosives from coal
tar fats and sugar They replaced copper
with new mixtures Of soft steel. They
ransacked Germanys scrap heaps and
opened up her abandoned mines. But even
the chemists could not turn the tide of the
war, they only prolonged it.
Had the war continued, besides the
greater production of tanks and the wider
use OF gas, the changes in Germany's meth
ods would have been slight. Heavier ma
chine guns would have been used and these
would have fred bullets with greater pene-
trating power. 4 simpler tank, with greater
safety for drivers. had already been de-
signed and was waiting for quantity pro-
duction.
Spanless aeroplanes with their higher
speed and longer life would have raised
German flying efficiency even II 1t could
not have overcome allied preponderance in
equipment
Germany finally learned TO dismiss fan
tastic hopes of great mechanical achieve
ments, and to make better use of power
and materials already at hand. The sub
marine and the airplane had complicated
the war but had not changed 1t. Ships still
piled the seas. and the Americans landed
in France despite the nationalist prophecy
in Germany that the Yankees could neither
swim nor hy.'
And in the air even the famed Zeppeins.
which supposedly could carry enough high
explosive to blow up half the city Of Lon
don, had failed to do more than bring the
war home TO the British metropolis.
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
COAL, RATHER THAN CANNON, MAY COERCE GERMANY

present observer can fail to note that the
possession by Prussia of practically all of
the coal deposits OF the German Reich in
sures the subservience of south Germany to
the Prussian State. But IL the coal areas are
taken, the Sarre assigned to France, the
Upper Silesian to Poland and the Ruhr
passed to an international control. which
IN reality would be French. iflthe Rhineland
is separated from Germany by customs
frontiers and united TO France, not by any
annexation but by tariff agreements, new
situation Is instantly created and the old
dependence upon Prussia abolished.
Secret of New French Policy,
That of Coal. Not Cannon
Here, then, is the secret of what may be
termed the new policy of France. the policy
OF BRAND rather than Foch, of coal rather
than cannon. France has laid aside the
ambitious but dangerous programme of un-
limited military occupations, not only dread
fully expensive in themselves, but calculated
to disturb the sensibilities of not a few
European nations and awaken charges of
Chauvipism and Imperialism, which no ma
ton can afford to endure at present. What
is necessary is maximum Of result for
minimum of effort, and France would need
to call no new battalions to the colors to
lay hands upon the Ruhr. to cut the feed
wires or the German power system, to use
a simple but not inappropriate simile.
Now, what will Germany do? Here one
touches the unknown it is pretty difficult
to forecast German policy since German
policy in all crises in recent years had in
evitably chosen to do the thing most fatal
to German interests. 1t is plain to see what
Germany must do to be saved now. Her
salvation lies in her own hands. There is
no nation in the world now which has the
slightest intention Of intervening on her
behalf The Vivani mission to Washington
is final demonstration of this truth. Wash
ington. like London, has no purpose to play
catspaw for German statesmen. who deny
war guilt and refuse peace responsibilities.
/ have pointed out before that France
was saved because France at her moment
of terrible danger, after the defeat of 1870
II, had statesmen who saw the truth clearly
The New York herald., 1921-04-17
Ruhr Problem More Difficult
As Population rs Very Dense

A. 10 the Ruhr the problem is a little
more difficult. 1t would be necessary for
;he Allies and In practice this means the
French, 10 take over some hundreds of
square miles of German territory. the most
densely populated regions in all OF Germany.
This would require n certain number Of
additional troops, not a large force, but
perhaps 10000 or $4,000. with these troops
in occupation the whole of the Ruhr coal
areo would pass under French control
The natural outlet of the, Ruhr Is the
water system, which by canal and river
connects with the Rhine below Dusseldorf.
BY the Rhine, which Is now under allied
supervision, the coal could be transported
chcaply and easily to the French frontiers
in Alsace. From the river peyt OF strass-
burg i could be sent on into France by the
The New York herald., 1921-04-17

putting such allegations into their impudent
Iote to the American Government. Not
cnly is the familiar refrain that Germany
will not pay filing the German press but 20
this is now added the assertion that the
Treaty of Versailles is null and void and
that Germany is neither morally nor legally
bound to pay.
Must Pay Up to the Limit
Or Germany Marches to Ruin
In this German spirit lies the seed of
fresh ruin. 1t is one with all German utter
ances In the war period when reasonable
peace could have been attained if Germany
could have perceived that possession of
Belgium, settlement on the basis of Beth
manns famous war map" was out of the
question. Germany is marching to ruin now
as she marched in the critical years of the
war because there are no Germans of vision
and influence who can impose upon their
fellow countrymen an appreciation or the
realities, the first of which is the obligation
of Germany to pay up to the limit an obi
cation which finds American, quite as much
as European. sanction and appreciation.
Secretary Hughes's note to Berlin is a
1nai indication of the complete acceptance
by the American ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS by
three quarters OF the American people at the
least-of the two cardinal principles Ger
ran responsibility for the war and for the
reparation of the destruction incident to the
war up to the limit of German capacity
And in the wider sense it is notice served
upon Germany that she is totally mistaken
in any assumption that the United States
will lift finger or utter even a whisper to
stay the officers Of justice whose mission
it will now be to impose and apply the
penalties
But the penalties already outlined in the
foreign press. carry with them the posi-
bility, even the likelihood of new economic
disturbance. If Germany adheres to her
present policy Of passive resistance the end
Is the temporary permanent disruption of
the country, the division of the Reich into
several areas. separated by customs barriers
In fine, whatever the future political conse-
euences. the present and immediate conse.
ouence must be the prostration of German
industry, the indefinite postponement OF
German economic recovery and the creation
Of centre OF unrest in central Europe OF
vast extent and hardly imaginable menace TO
world order.