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The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
Red Cross Pageant.

Columbus, o., Sept. 20.-Work
is proceeding rapidly on pageant
of the Red Cross. which will be
given at the national convention
of the Red Cross here October
to s. The pageant will depict the
development of the Red Cross.
The spirit of humanity, the
greatest mother in the world.
will be the outstanding figure in the
spectacle. Plans call for cast Of
1,S00 with chorus of 1000 voices.
The comprehensive peace time
program Of the American Red
Cross will be given thorough eX-
position at this convention. Many
of its leading authorities both in
this country and from abroad, will
set forth their work. The list Of
speakers that have been invited
contains a number of the foremost
persons in this country.
The third day of the convention
has been set aside for reunions of
nurses, canteen workers. motor
hospital corps, camp service and
production workers, as we'll as for
sectional conferences.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
= :. -.
BONUS Or GOLD BRICK?

a blow has been struck at the
federal bonus BY the Disabled Vet
eran Magazine, new monthly
publication. The editor refers to
the proposed cash bonus as the
greatest gold brick which the
United States could hand. the SOL
diers who carried the colors of
America to victory in the World
War
The author thinks the nation
should, so far as possible, restore
the service man to health and the
position which he might have en-
ioyed had he not been called to
war duty. He would have care for
the disabled the first considera-
ton. After these cases We're at
tended to, he would have such
measures extended to the able
bodied veteran as would establish
him as self-supporting member Of
the community. This he does not
believe can be. done through "cash
payments or their equivalents, of
which the results upon the individ-
ual in his attainment Of thrift,
economy and self-reiance are
doubtfui.''
This looks as if when the sub
ject comes up again before con-
gress the fight against the cash
bonus would not be entirely outside
the service ranks. There are many
persons who appreciate the condi-
ton and sacrifices of the soldier
who feel the same doubt about the
cash bonus as expressed by this
writer. 1t would be interesting to
know how large a clientele of SER
vice men the article represents,
and whether further suggestions as
|, to the re-establishing Of the soldier
il. industry and society will be
forthcoming.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
Nebraska's State
Board Chairman
A Woman Who Manages 18
Institutions and Directs Ex-
penditure of Over
s5,000,000

Lincoln, NeJ., Sept. 2o.-Miss
Katherine T. Morley prcsides over
Nebraska's state board Of control
in a small swivel chair sufficient
to accommodate two Of her size,
but she is big enough to direct the
expenditure of more than So,O0O,-
600 biennially.
Her Job is to look after the finan-
cial affairs Of Ncbraska's IS penal,
charitable and corrective inStitu-
lions. She has the final decision
on the appointment Of every Off
cial in these establishments, and
also bears the ultimate responsible
ity for their economical and prac-
tical operation and efficiency.
Many are the inquiries from 9TH
er women asking how she did it,
that this state board chairman re-
ceives Here is some Of the ad-
vice she sends back:
Meet your fellow-man on an
equal footing.
Study him, aid him, reach his
nature, and mend your treatment
to his ailments.
Maintain an average business
head which everyday experience
gives you.
practice the same judgment in
welding the affairs OF your neigh
Dor as you would your OWL
whether they be large ones or small
ones, rich or poor ones.
Instinct, environment, common
sense and an ordinary education,
together with an aim toward the
right principles, will put you to
your goal.
The directing head Of Nebraskas S
institutions came to her office
through pr ctical business eX-
perience and long welfare work and
by a state system of rotation. She
heads Nebraska's Anericanizatio
work today.
She founded, developed and con-
tinues to operate by proxy news
clipping bureau in her home state.
She says she is going back to it
and her circle Of welfare workers
when she gets through at the cap
ital.
For years she has been active in
welfare and juvenile work in Oma-
ha. She has taken an active part
in starting a dozen evening schools
for the foreign-hern and has done
much volunteer court work.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
J 2
Death.

a message WAS received at the
home on South Harvin street of the
death Of Miss Gussie johnson at
Asheville, y. c., this morning,
Miss Johnson who formerly was
employed with the local telephone
company had been in i'll health for
quite long time and had been
living in Asheville IN the hope of
improving. She had many friends
in Sumter and vicinity who will re-
gret to learn Of her death.
Besides her mother, Mrs. w. II.
Johnson. she leaves two sisters.
Miss Rena Johnson and Mrs. A. A.
Wells and one brother, Herman
Johnson all Of whom reside in
Sumter. The funeral will be held
at their former home, Greeleyville,
tomorrow.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
REPARATIoN MORATORIUM.

torium' is being agitated in Ger
many. Many German leaders are
represented as heartily III favor of
it. They argue thus:
'fGermasly's effort to pay the first
billion marks, though successful,
seat the paper mark away down.
Every successful attempt to fulfill
the reparations obligations will in
eyitably be accompanied by an in
creasing strain and will inevitably
send the paper mark still farther
down. Sooner or later this will
bring about catastrophe-prob-
ably sooner. This is contrary to
the Allies, and particularly Amer
icas interest, since Germany's pur-
chasing power shrinks as the mark
falls. The Allies, and above ALL
Anlerica-have an interest in pre-
venting this development and in
seeing the mark tabilized For the
stabilization Of the mark it is es-
sential that Germany obtain a
breathing spell. Such breathing
spell would be best obtainable
through reparation moratorium
for one year; even six months
would help
This is ingenious, but not con-
yincing. The beginning of gold
payments from Germany to the al
lies has doubtless had some effect
IN lowering the. German exchange
rate, but it has not been the main
factor. The principal reason why
the German mark has dropped so
far recently has been the free and
unlimited issuance of paper money
by the German printing presses.
The natural remedy for what Ger
many complains of is not help from
her creditors, but halt in the de-
basement Of her own currency.
Moreover, the Allies, and Aneri-
ca/with them, feel that there has
been quite enough moratorium al
ready in the payment of Germany's
war obligations. It would be unwise
to press Germany too hard, but it
would also be unwise to make the
German task of reparation and re-
demption any easier than neces-
sary. . Before there are any more
concessions, Germany will have to
show very good cause for them,
and prove that what she asks of
the nations she has wronged is
something that she cannot possibly
do for herself. -
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
How Federal Road Aid Stands at
The End of Five Years.

On June 80. 1921, the close OF
the fifth fiscal year since the pas
sage of the federal aid road act,
which is administered by the bu-
reau Of public roads. United States
department of agriculture. the
states and federal government had
completed 1863 miles of read. and
1877 miles We're under conStruc-
ton. Including the work complet-
cd on projects still under construc-
ton. the states have completed
work which entities them to draw
on the federal treasury for $11S,-
915,515. There is also balance
allotted but not Yet earned on pro-
jcctS now under construction
amounting TO S66.375,G36. Of the
two appropriations which have
been n1ade for federal aid there is
now only $1S.793,544 remaining
unobligated. Twelve Of the states
have, obligated their entire allot-
ment and several others have only
a small amount to their credit.
During the last fiscal year the
total Of completed projects jumped
from 1.677 to 7.lG9 miles. and the
projects under construction in
creased from $40 to 1877 miles
The money earned by completion
Of work has grown from $40.097.-
SSi Il year ago to S11S,915,515 at
the end of this fiscal year. The
amount earned curing the year
was $7S,S171,634 or nearly twice as
much as the amount earned during
the four years preceding.
The new projects submitted dur
ing the Year bring the total amount
of federal aid obligated up to
$247 7956,45G, as compared with
S109, 9,S30.366. which was h @
amount obligated on June 80
i92o. At this rate it is expected
that the small balance OF s1S.G00.-
900 still unoblisated Will be taken
up in 4 Very short time.
The month of June was q record
month in every way The mileage
Of completed proi"ct:; increased by,
more !lian Loo miles. more than
twice the amount reported for the
month of May. Funds allotted TO
work actually under construction
increased by $l3.6 10. 90.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
Republicans Have
Treaty Fight
Administration Will Not Have
Smooth Sailing With It's
Treaties

washington, Sept. 90. - An
nouncement from the White House
today that the new peace treaties
with Germany, Austria and Hun
gary would be transmitted tomor-
row to the senate was followed by
information that they would CT;
counter opposition from several Re-
publicans as we'll as some Demo-
Gratis.
Senator Borah (Republican) of
idaho, who began the battle against
the treaty Of Versailles, is planning
to wage a fight against ratification
of the new treaties and is said 10
have assurances Of support from &
few Republicans and some Dcn-
ocrats who were foremost among
the critics Ct the Versailles treaty.
Desrite the promise OF opposition
administration leaders in the sen
ate tonight said they were coafi-
dent of early ratification, and thc
opponents did not express much
hope of overcoming the admins
tration support combined with the
Democrats who already have de-
clared for ratification.
President Harding is expected to
transmit the treaty without any
detailed explanation, conlininS his
statement to a brief note Of trans
initial.
The plan Of some Republican
leaders to have the treaties debat-
ed behind closed doors also is
threatened with opposition. An ef-
fort to have the debate in the open
is expected to precedc the contro-
versy over the treaties themselves.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
COUNTRY BATHROOMS.

A federal agricultural report is
said to have shown that in one
county in Indiana there are 500 au-
: lonaobiles owned by farmers and
only three farmhouses have bath
rooms.
Very likely that county is brag-
ging about its automobiles. In
view of its bathroom record. such
pride is sadly misplaced.
And let it not be thought that
Indiana stands alone In presenting
this queer contrast. The average
farming community in America
fright not make much better show
Ing. Even the West. with all it's
rrogressiyeness in farming meth
ods, IS slow ia taking up improve
nlents within the farmhouse
According to Spokane Spokes-
I .aiaa-Reyiew. a representative of
The Washington State College has
been going about the aate doins
Snolhing but i.preach the gospel of
sstis bathtub to the farmer" The
sssssSs:tel1ation, as the Spokane paper re-
s..Tiarks. is deplorable and mex
easablc and inexcusable. because a
i,sambing system nj the house is
within the reach of nearly every
farmer. e4 good water system in
tie rural home is an actual neces-
sity. not q, luxury merely. Running
water in the kitchen means much
relief to the housekeeper, and a
Eathroom in the house means com
fort to every inmate Yet people
IA tire country and the small towns
seena to prefer motor cars.
The cost of an ordinary automo-
ssi;ssc would pay for the necessary
btnmbing and an engine to pump
the water, while the operation cost
would be less usually, than the cost
CT gasoline for a pleasure car.
.---e.sfsasy transportation is, no doubt,
"a fund human need; but is
any more fundamental than do
80 =
nestle comfort and sanitation?
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
Making Farm Homes
County Council of Farm Wo-
men Suggests Means of
Remedying Conditions

| wonder if there are women in
Sumter county who wanted to send
a son or daughter to college this
fall and could not because there
was no money. Possibly you want
ed good books and magazines to
! make home more attractive during
the long winter evenings that are
coming. There are so many things
that he farm woman always has
wanted and couldn't have because
there was no extra money. SO many
houses are poor excuses for homes
because the farmer has not had the
extra 500 or 5000 a year to buy
all those extra little things that
make home comfortable and at
tractive. Do you wonder that so
anany Of our girls and boys want to
leave the farm?
Can we remedy these condi-
tions? You know that thousands
of dollars are being sent to other
states for fruits. vegetables and
meats that can be produced in this
state? Count the homes in your
community that have an abundance
of fruits, vegetables, eggs, milk
and chickens the entire year for
home use. It is no uncommon
thing to see a farmer buy canned
peaches or tomatoes that have to
be shipped hundreds Of miles. Sure
ly we can raise these things for
ourselves. We want to do more
than that-we want to have an
abundance for home use and then
see our state ship thousands Of dol
lars worth to other places. Many
counties have established markets
so that the country woman could
sell her products more convenient
ly. Sumter county has had one OF
these markets for about eight
weeks. We are going to close this
market for a few weeks because
there is nothing to sell. There is a
demand for all kinds of vegetables,
eggs, choice pickles and preserves
and soon all kinds Of canned fruits
or vegetables could be sold. APP
parently none of the women have
late vegetables or fruits for the
market. We want to study the de-
mands Of Sumter and see how
many can be met within the coun-
ty. We also want to. arranSe.-so
! that any products not sold can be
taken care of and not allowed to
| so to waste. You can soon build UP
trade in any special line Of work
such as fancy pickle, preserves, jel-
lv. canned chicken or sausage.
There is always demand, at fancy
prices, for early strawberries, to-
:aatoes, lettuce and asparagus. Mrs
Ned Lcavell is investigating a mar
ket for fancy work.
Please think about this very Sc
riously and discuss the matter with
your club president or write to Miss
Truluck or me. We want to get in
touch with every woman in the
county that is really interested in
! this work. We would like to get
this information within the next
ten days We want to know if you
I have any product for sale now, and
/ how much Then we want to know
what you can do this winter and
next year. We can do so little in
the way of marketing unless we
know your plans beforehand.
Stella G.. DabbS,
President County Council Of Farm
N-nn1nn
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
Governments
Aid Near
Clean Up Squad to Straighten
Out All Claims Of Ex- - -
Service Men

The Clean Up Squad will be in,
Sumter on September %, % and
goth to get action on the claims Of
veterans OF the world war, its big.
cest problem will be to get in touch
With every eX-scrVice man in this
territory. who has a right to COY
crnmental compensation.
The squad is composed of ex-
perts from the various government
bureaus, the Red Cross and the
4 nerican Legion. They are fan1il-
Jar in every detail with the work
ings Of the War Risk Insurance act,
and various features Of the differ
ent plans of hospital treatment,
medical care and rehabilitation
work in general. AS soon as they
establish personal touch with the
veterans, they are prepared to put.
machinery in motion at once to get
for them what is coming to them
from the government. In this
work they have every assurance Of
whole hearted cooperation by the
authorities in Washington.
The plan Of campaign of the
:5F lad conteHplates the avoidance
Il lengthy correspondence and an,
lssoying, time killing red tape, by
f.ettips at first hand all informa-
tAon as to each individual veter-
ans case and the machinery is well
c;ied to get results once it is put
n motion.
However, the greatest problem
t!lat confronts the workers is the.
establishment of personal contact
with the men they would serve.
Many of the veterans, in lots Of
cases, those most deserving Of gov-
ernmental aid, are iiliterates. They
don't understand even the mean.
ing of compensation" 'rehabili-
tation" and vocational training"
Many are located in isolated dis
tricts where a newspaper is rarely.
seen.
These men would be tremendous,
" anxious to get the benefits Of the
aid that the government is glad to,
give, if they knew that the squad
is right at their doors to get it fol;
them. -,
For this reason, the members of,
the squad ask that everyone who
k.ows of an eX-service man who
may be entitled to aid, get in touch
with him and inform him as to
when and where the squad will be,
and as to what the squad is anxious.
to Go for him. Squad headquar:55
ters will be glad to receive any in
formation as to any veteran and
will use every energy to get in
touch with him during its stay in
Sumter.
Disabled veterans who report to.
squad headquarters will be fur:
nished with transportation back
home and meals and lodging as
Ions as they have business with
the Clean Up Campaign. 1t is
necessary for every veteran to
E-ing along his discharge.
In addition to local cases, the
squad. will take up the affairs and
claims Of veterans Of Lee; Clar-
cndon and Kershaw counties while
iii Sumter, September %. 20 and
3a.. =
Every man should bring his dis
charge and all communications he
MAY have had from the govern
nent.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
ARTICLE xNTERPRETED.

" It may be questioned whether
Article x of the Covenant of the
League. of Nations is at present Of
more, than academic interest. How
ever. inasmuch as that article has
played so big a part in public dis
{ eUssion in the past, and may as
sumo vital interest again some
time, it is worth while to note
what is. becoming of it.
Several other nations, including
anada, wanted to eliminate it
from the Covenant. It was thought
{. that the article might be dropped
or materially modified. The
League has done neither. The
s amendments committee of. the AS
sembiy mas turned down all hos
tile amendments offered by mem
Der nations. saying:
---sThe committee has decided
unanimously in favor Of the main
te1apce of the principle set out in
--aSticle " The exclusion of acts of
aggression as means of modify
--iRs the territorial integrity and po-
zeal independence of states is tie
: s.ssty essence Of of the League O.:
Nations
The committee interprets this
much disputed article as meaning
exactly what it says, and no more
the protection by the League Of
the territory and sovereignty of. its
members against external aggres-
sion.
ss.xArticie *" it declares. "was not
intended to perpetuate territorial
and political organization as estab-
Hshed and as existing at the tine
of the recent treaties of peace.
Changes may be effected in that or
ganization by various legitimate
,1uSTiIS. LIE 1OSSHdlil dOllIilS the
possibility"
. Thus, it appears, the League
would not presume to NEEDLE with
the.tIrish question, even if Ireland
insisted On pulling out Of the Brit
ish Empire.
The Assembly is expected TO ac-
cept this report, and thus the in-
depreciation will stand as official.
1t is a victory for Article x, but
hardly more than a moral victory.
For the committee also expressly
declared that members are not
obliged. in any case. to accept the
advice" of the League Council re-
: gaEding military intervention in
: behalf of other members, but are
free to make their own decisions.
Thus the practical result seems to
be- that the article, while robbed
of its fear, is robbed also Of its
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
What, China Asks
of America
Asks Nothing Of Disarmament
Conference But Guarantee
of Protection

New York. Sept. p. China
wants nothing from America in the
forthcoming disarmament confer
ence except the right to preserve
her national existence and the un-
interrupted pursuit Of happiness in
fellowship with other nations. the
Chinese minister to the United
States told tho Chinese society
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
Cotton Meeting in
Birmingham
President Wannamaker Is
sues Statement Regarding
Meeting of American
Cotton Association

Columbia, Sept. 20.-J. Skottowe
Warnamaker. president of the
.,mcrican Cotton Association, an
nounced today that the directors OF
that organization had accepted an
invitation extended it by Birming-
ham. Ma. to hold its annual meet
ing in that city October 26-29.
President Warren G.. Harding has
been asked to deliver an address on
the opening day Of the convention
and Mr.. Wannamakcr said that
many men of national and inter-
national prominence would be on
TIE ,,rcgram.
The following statement was
Siven out by Mr.. Wannamaker re-
S2rdins the meeting:
The annual convention of the
American Cotton Association will
be held in Birmingham, Ala, Oc-
tober 26-39. The annual conven-
tions Or the orSaniZatio which
have been held in various cities
since 1914, have been recognized
as conventions of national anG in
ternational Importance, the speak
crs being men of national and inter
national prominence and the mat
tcrs handled at the convention be-
ing matters that affect ,italiy the
asricr ltural and commercial inter-
csts Of the nation and the world.
Among the many important
matters to be handled at the con-
vention none is attracting more at
tention than the plans for putting
into effect the plan adopted by a
referendum vote Of the members of
the association for planting only
onc-fourth Of the cultivated lands
for the next four consecutive
years in cotton. planting the bal
ance of the lands in food and feed
crops.
The boil weevil problems and
methods for combating same will
be discussed at the convention. The
discovery of some method for
counteracting the effects of the
wecvil is recognized as world ne
cessity to not only, the cotton in
dustry of the world but the cotton
consuming world. The weevil now
covers so per cent Of the cotton
belt; its ravages during the past
year We're the most destructive ever
known and there is no scientific
method Of combating same.
The approaching convention
promises to be the most largely at
tended in the history of the asso-
citation. President Warren G..
Harding has been asked and is eX-
pected to accept an invitation to
deliver an address on the opening
day.
Each Of the governors OF the
fourteen cotton growing states have
been urged by the American Cot
ton Association TO issue a special
proclamation calling upon the
farmers 20 destroy their cotton
stalks, either By plowing under Or
burning with all possible speed, it
being pointed out that it IS the de-
cision of the best experts that by
adopting this course before the
weevil hibernates his cavages for
next year may be reduced. The
secretary of agriculture Of the
United States has also been request
cd to appeal to all CT the extension
forces and agricultural organiZa
tions throughout the south and use
every int.Gence possible TO have the
cotton stalks destroyed with all
possible speed, it being pointed out
that On account Of the extreme
short production this year that
large proportions OF the cotton
stalks can be destroyed now and
practically all CT them by the first
of October"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1921-09-24
WOMAN
GOLF CHAMPION

Ottawa. Sept. 222-MisS AleXa
Stirling. OF Atlanta. today was
matched against Mrs. w. a. Gavin,
of New York. in the Canadian la
dies open Solf championship tour
Da.ucnt