Cheyenne record. (Cheyenne Wells, Cheyenne County, Colo.) 1913-19??, 1921-01-06
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The World war was formally ended
January 10 when Germany and four
teen Of the powers allied against her
In the war exchanged ratificati0ns Of
the Treaty of Versailles at Paris. The
United States, however. was not
among the nations participating In this
ceremony, rs the treaty had not been
ratified by the senate.
The League Of Nations came into
actual being at Paris January 16 when
the executive council held Its first
meeting with representatives from Bel
GUM. Brazil. England. Italy, France,
Japan, Greece and Spain participat-
ing.
The Russian government made
step toward securing peace with its
warning neighbors by concluding
treaties with Ukraine and Esthonia
The Turkish peace terms were COM
pleted on March 8, and a week later
the Allies decided to use force to i'm
pose the terms upon Turkey, sending
troops to occupy Constnntinople. The
allied forces occupied the Turkish
capital without opposition.
Polish troops began a spring often
sive against the Russian Bolsheviki In
the Baltic region on March %. Warsaw
reported heavy fighting Mt many points
on the 4OO-mile front. Three days lat
er Poland offered peace terms to Rus
sia. providing for restoration of the
kingdom of 1772. return Of art and
other treasures. and an indemnity for
invasions since 1914. Polish troops ad-
ministered severe defeat to the Boil
sheviki at Podolia April 13.
The Poles and Ukrninians negotiat-
ed treaty on April 27. recognizing
Ukrainian independence from Russia.
A combined army of Poles and Ukra!n-
ians then launched an offensive against
the Russian "Red" forces, capturing
Kiev on May and the great port of
Odessa on May II.
Bolshevik troops invaded Persia at
Astara May 1s. forcing the withdrawal
Of British troops. Bolshevik troops
on the Polish front were REINFORCED
and launched an attack on ninety
mile front. seeking to open communi-
cation with East Prussia. On June
they succeeded In flanklng and driving
back General Pilsudski's Polish troops.
The supreme council continued Its
efforts to complete the peace settle
ments. The treaty with Hungary was
signed June 4 at Versailles. Ambassa-
dor Wallace signing for the United
States. Turkey was granted fifteen
days additional time to present its
views regarding the treaty with that
country.
fhncn Ntnkt
in progress fighting continued at many
points. Over 300 Italian prisoners were
killed by Albanians at Tirana on June
18 In retaliation for the assassInatio
Of Essad Pasha In Paris on June 13
Supported by British troops and bat
tleships at Malta and Constantinople,
the Greeks began a campaign to oust
the Turkish Nationalists from parts Of
Asia Minor.
On July Z the BoIshevik troops cap
tured Rovono. throwing the Poles into
retreat on the entire front. Poland
opened negotiations for an armlstice
Il was reported that Russia had or
dered the postponement Of the nego-
tiatiOns and the capture Of warsaw.
Boishevist troops captured Lomza and
Brest- -Litovsk, and began a drive on
LemberE August 1. During the next
two weeks they continued to advance
and on August II were within twelve
miles Of Warsaw. The Polish capital
seemed doomed, but on the 18th the
Poles launched Q great counter-of
feusjve and drove the Bolsheviki back
IN disorder. Heartened BY the crush
sae blow gfvea the Russian forces.
tAs Peles rejected the Bolshevik peace