davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
rsaur. Of Farm. Ises-isis-isss.

and in Iowa from 37.s per cent to
ALI per cent, The greatest increase
in single States was in North Da-
kota. 14.3 per cent to 25.6 per cent ;
South Dakota. 24.s per cent to $40
per cent; Nebraska, 3s.1 per cent
to 42.s per cent. These States, II
will be remembered, ere passing
from the homestead stage to the
second stage Of ownership. Similar
large changes are noted in the
Southwest, in Arizona, SO per cent
TO ISL per cent. and New Mexico,
B.5 per cent to 7z.2 per cent. The
smaller number of farms in these
regions lessons the importance of
these shifts.
This census is the FIRST that has
recorded an actual reduction in the
number Of owner-farmers, while at
the same time showing an increase
in the number of tenants. A study
of the age groups of tenants, not
yet available, will show whether
the growth in tenancy Is not the
logical result of the farm laborer
using tenancy as stepping stone
to ownership. The reduction in
number of farms in spite of an in
crease in the total area suggests
that the use of machinery is max
ing the larger farm the more eco
nomical unit. and. further, that the
higher values. which are practical
ly doI1ble those of ten years ago.
have driven more young farmers
into tenancy as a beginning rather
than to- begin by purchase. The
passing of the homestead is also
reducing the chance for beginners
to start on their own land.
A significant fact shown by the
new ce rsus is that the number of
cash tenants declined l7.s per cent,
while share tenants increased 1919
per cent. The former has been
widely condemned as the most in
furious to good farming, and II
may be taken as a good omen that
II - declining. Share tenancy
comes nearer being a partnership
between the land owner and the
tenant farmer with the resulting
mutual interest in better farming.
1t is generally classed as the lesser
Of two necessary evils.
The expansion of American farms
appears to be reaching the limit.
since the increase in numbers Is so
low, IA per cent. in view Of the
fact that the increase in area was
76.S7S, 20, as compared with only
about 100000 acres in the period
of 1s0n-1s1o.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
EASY TONE SHOWN
ON WHEAT MARKET
Three Cent Break Laid to the
Lack of Outside
Support.

CHICAGO, July 21.-An easier tone
pervaded the grain markets. the
lack OF outside support being re-
sponsIble for a break Of around 3
cents in wheat from yesterdays
close by noon more than any in
crease in the pressure Hedging
business was strongly in evidence.
due to q large movement in the
Southwest. where farmers show no
disposition 10 hold. and the ship
ments are reported as limited only
by the ability Of interior points
to get cars. A severe car short
age is developing in some sections
west of the Missouri River, which
makes the country timid about SELL
ing to arrive and the bulk OF the
grain in going forward on consign-
ment. Crop reports from the North
west were about the same as OF
late. with the outlook in the Amer
ican Northwest very spotted. while
some reports indicating very heavy
yields are coming from Canada, pro-
viding rust does not develop faster
than at the present time. Expor;
demand was glow.
a depressing effect on the corn mar
ket, and September was OF around
1 cent from yesterdays finish py
noon. with rather general selling
in evidence. July. however, showed
considerable strength, and went 20
2i2 cents over the September. with
some selling at that difference by
a leading cash and elevator inter
est. Contract grades of yellow and
white corn n the sample market
sold at July prices, with light coun-
try offerings and a moderate East
ern demand. Oats were firm early.
but weakened later with other
grains. September declined a cent
from yesterdays finish. Lack of
outside interest is a factor in the
market, as threshing returns con-
tinue 10 show disappointing yields.
Provisions were steady early, with
nogs, which were Is to 25 cents
higher, but eased of quickly on
selling of lard by carriers. Trad
ing in January lard started at 1896
and sold 10 UP to Slo.O7. later with
general commission house buying
and light offerings. Bulk OF hogs
sold at ss2o to s11.oo. with receipts
$4,000 and $1,000 are expected to-
morrow. Western run. 1890,
against 1880 a week ago and $1,000
last year. Money easy; call. 6iz
time, 6lh to Exchange mar
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
WASHINGTON PRODUCE.
Furnished By Golden & Company

Eggs-Southern, 34c: nearby, 34c.
Butter-Print, 4oa4sc; creamery
extra. 44a4Sc; store packed. 22a24c.
Poultry-Alive: Roosters, 16a1sc,
turkeys. 3oa35c; spring chickens.
S5a3sc; White Leghorns. Soa33c;
hons, 2sa30c; keets, 75c; dressed
fowls, s3as5c; turkeys, 4sa45c;
roosters, 2oa2sc.
Green fruits-Apples, Western,
per box, s3.50a4.50; California
oranges, 5.5oaS.5O; lemons, per box,
1o.ooa11.oo; Georgia peaches, ;3.50a
4.5o; currants, 2oa25c. qt.; winesap
apples, boxes, s2.ooa3.5o.
Vegetablcs-New potatoes, s3.5oa
400; nearby per bbl., $3.50; canta-
loupes. tops, Cal. standard, 100 to
$50 per crate, s3.25a3.75; ponies, s2.75
laa0o; string beans, s3.ooa4.oo; bu.;
new cabbage, home grown, s2.45a
S.25; per bbl.; beets, per bunch, "a
&c; peppers, per ct, S2.5Oa3.00; near
by cymlings. per CT, S1.5Oa2.0O.
Florida celery, per ct, S1.50a3.00;
lunch celery, 5oaS1.00; peas, bu
basket, S2.00a4.0O; watermelon. in
carlots, 20a22 lbs average, $500. o0a
25o.o0; 24a2S lbs average, $3.50. GOA
10000.
Dressed veal. 15a16c; choice
calves, ska10c.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22

NEW YORK. July 21.-The fea-
ture in the coffee market today
was a rather active switching busi-
ness from September to May at 90
points and to December at ~
points. Outside of this the mar.
ket was inactive. but it displayed
steadier tone than heretofore
this week on change in the char
acter Of Brazilian news which was
quite firm with advances at both
Rio and Santos.
Firm offers from Santos were un-
changed to 10 points lower. No
OFFERS were reported Of Rio or Vic
toria, while Santos 2s and IS were
quoted at 1910. IS and As at $40
and As at 9.15 to $50.
The local spot market was Nm
changed and very quiet, Rio rs be-
ing quoted at 6%a61k and Santos
As 91Ha9$
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
COTTON RALLIES
ON FOREIGN NEWS
Liverpool Cables Start Short
Covering and Trade
Buying.

NEW YORK. July 21.-There was
considerable selling pressure against
the market from the opening this
morning on the early Liverpool
cables. showing that the market
had reacted in accordance with the
moderate decline that occurred in
prices here late yesterday, when the
general list met with net declines
ranging from IL to 20 points from
Tuesdays closing. There was also
some local bear pressure. July sold
down to 1910, October of the new
crop to 12& cents, while December
and January went to 1913 and next
March deliveries to 1890. Just as
II looked as though our market was
heading for lower prices late Liver
pool cables came in reporting a
good rally in futures there, with the
market ending firm and unchanged
to only l point decline from their
final bids of yesterday. as against
the early decline OF s points and the
point decline due to have met our
closing prices of yesterday. In ad-
dition to this stronger closing for
fucures the days spot sales, which
were reported as 5000 bales early
in the day, were increased to 10000
by late business by the continual
ton of the recent good demand
from British and Continental inter-
ests. with $500 of this taken for
export.
Private cables said the reduction
IN the Bank of England's minimum
rate OF discount from to 5z per
cent today had caused this late in
crease in the spot demand and the
rally in futures. Manchester cables
also reported a better feeling there
for the same reason.
After these closing cables were In
our market turned firm. with cover
ing OF shorts and new trade buying
the feature. Prices rallied until
most of the early decline had been
reSained for the new crop months.
with october going back to Ie%
cents december 1915. January
about 1915 and next March deliv-
cries to about 13.40. The weatne,
map was again unfavorable. 1t
showed further heavy undesired
rains In Alabama. Georgia, Tennes-
sec and South Carolina, with the
RAIN fall in some places ranging
from one to two inches, especially
over North Georgia and the east.
ern half of Tennessee. In addition
10 the above the Weather Bureaus
forecast is for further showers to-
niEnt and tomorrow for the eastern
hait OF the belt, as against unsettled
"eatner for Texas and Arkansas,
WIN generally fair weather for
okiahoma. Southern spot markets
.ouaS were mostly unchanged The
gay export clearanccs were about
-o'Voo paies. with most of it going
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
MTADDEN RURAL
CREDITS MEASURE
RE-NTRODUCED
Would Standardize Paper
For Agricultural Pro-
duction.
AID TO FARMERS
Plans TO Reduce Interest
Rates and Aid Banking
System.

Chairman L. 7. McFadden. OF the
House Banking and Currency Com
mittee, reintroduced his rural credit
and multiple insurance bill yester-
day. The enacting clause provides
that the purposes OF the bill is 'tO
standardize paper for agricultural
production. TO establish discount
mrskets for such paper" and for
other purposes.
The bill creates two corporations
by separate charters. a rural credit
society and multiple insurance
league The rural credit society
will have a central bank with s25.-
10000 capital furnished by the
government, but a sinking fund is
created to discharge the govern
ment loan, principal and interest
Each State will have one branch
with $4,000 capital each. the cap
ital for the branches TO be furnished
by the big life insurance company
which accepts the Federal multiple
insurance charter. There will be
any number Of community assocsa-
tions. which are denominated COM
munes. the capital OF which will be
subscribed by farmer members.
Purpose OF Cenmunes.
The purpose OF the rural credit
society is to standardize paper foe
agricultural production and thus
give the farmer access 10 the fnan-
cial and Industrial centers for the
sale OF such paper. whereas under
the deposit banking system he ..
restricted to the locality in which
the bank is situated. II is con
tended that this would not only re-
duce the interest rate which the
farmer would have to pay. but
would improve our whole banking
system and at the same time cap
italize the honesty and energy Of
the tenant farmer.
The purposes OF the multiple in
surance league are two-fold. viz:
First, to furnish sound and eco
nomic insurance Of every kind as Sc
curity for the poor man who has
accumulated no property to pledge
for credit. Second. to act as a use
ful agency in the Standardization OF
such farm credit paper. The insur-
ance league can neither accept nor
reject a piece OF the paper reated
by the rural credit society. but il is
given full power 10 inspect the con-
duct Of the credit society and TO
hold one OF the keys to the credit
society's securities vaults. and thus
inspire the confidence OF the invest
ing public in such paper
Present system Faulty.
1t is just eighteen months ago
since Chairman McFadden first in
troduced the bill. at which time he
declared in a speech in the House,
that our banking system does not
meet the needs Of cattle breeding
and dsirying industries" That
statement has been literally verified
Continued on Page Eleven. First Column.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
Dalces Stops Sale
OF Surplus Material

Charles G. Dawes, sirecter sf
the budget has prepared an or
der fsrbiddinE the sale of ali
Eevernnent property until he
perfects u system of exchange
between the various departments,
II was learned yesterday. He ex-
Pects to save the geyernmeut
t100,o00,o0o = year. The order was
sent 10 the White House for the
Presideat's signature.
Later he announced that he
has asked Presideat Harding to
set Up q single agency fer the
purchase and sale Of govern
neat property. In the meantine
he has issued the order directing
all branches Of the government
70 halt Immediately sales Of sur
Plus materials.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
TENANTFARMING
SHOWS SMALL INCREASE
Fewer Owners Shown By Census Though
Farm Area Increased Over Per Cent.

Herald. Economist)
1900 to 1910. The total number of
the tenant increase was 10000 in
1920 against 32s,71s in 1910.
The change Is more significant,
however, when the decrease in own
ers is considered. The decrease In
owners was 23,s32 or about six
tenths of 1 per cent. Added to the
gain in tenants the total change Is
123.7o2. But the total number of
farms increased SO that the sum Of
the increase in farms and the de-
crease in owners Is just about equal
to the decrease in tenants. or 1o0,-
4ss compared to 1oe.o7o.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22

The number of farms has IN
creased but little, or Ia per cent
but the total land in farms has
grown some 7s.s7s,220 acres, or 81
per cent, which indicates that the
average size OF farms has Increased.
This movement to larger farms Is
reflected in the increase OF snare
tenants and troopers, which has
been 1913 per cent in the last ten
years.
The proportion of farms operated
by owners and tenants since 1881
has been as follows:
1880 1890 1900 1910 1sas
m,nsr.rs IA 71.e e4.7 $50 eco
Tenants 25.6 2s.4 35.3 $40 $50
1t would appear that the ratio
between owners and tenants were
becoming stabilized in the past two
decades. The great period of in
crease in farm tenancy was 1880 to
1900. A closer study Of the size of
farms will show that there was a
decided tendency toward breaking
up large farms into smaller hold
ings. to be let to tenants. The real
change was perhaps in the wage
hands becoming tenants, which is
really a step in advance for the
farm worker.
The regions in which the changes
are taking place is shown by the
following table by groups of States:
Per Cent Of Tenants By Sections lslo-ls2o.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22

NEW YORK, July 21.-The Lon
ddhi tin market was firmer today
and prices advanced FL for spot. to
Efea, while futures were up los, TO
EfPS. with sales of so tons and 500
tots futures. Standard copper was
IS, sd higher with spot E70 Is Sd,
and futures at f70 It's Cd
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
(By the Washington

- URING recent years there has
Il been much discussion over the
increase in farm tenancy.
Alarmists CT all sorts have used the
increase in tenancy as an argument
to plead for many changes in legis-
lation and farm business. Alto
gether the public mind was led to
fear further changes in this direc-
tion.
The 1920 census shows the num-
Der of tenants to have Increased
only AZ per cent as compared with
I6.3 per cent in the decade from
T.,yr~ ar Farm,
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22

This shows that the highest per-
cent of tenancy is in the West
South Central groups of States,
which includes the following: Ar
kansas, 51.3 per cent; Louisiana
57.1 per cent; Oklahoma. 81 per
cent. and Texas, 53.37 per cent. The
highest percentage by States, how
ever, is in Georgia, 66.6 per cent.
and South Carolina, 64.5 per cent,
which show slight increases over
1910.
In the Central States. where there
has been the most agitation over
the subject, we find that in Illinois
tenancy increased from 41.4 per
cent in 1910 to 42.7 per cent in 1920,
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
Breadstuf Movements

NEW YORK. July 21.-The following
shows the movement Of breadstuffs at New
York today in bushels Of grain and barrels
of -four:
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
COFFEE MARKET.

& VI nisheo oy W. b. Htbbs q Co., Nemb
N. Y. Cotton ExehanEe.)
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22

York, Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimor
were $50. 900 bushels; last year IT,. 900.
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22

Continued on Page Eleven. First Column
The Washington herald., 1921-07-22
iFOREIGN EXCHANGE.
Furnished By American Security ana
Trust Gel
METAL MARKET.

paw only in o. s. dollars.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14
Vigorous Action Needed to
Protect Elm Trees Here Is
Forest Experts Opinion

but on the mesa the depth is much
greater"
The success Of shade trees depends
largely on their being planted In "A
place which IL as near like their
natural habitat as possible. II also
depends on the methods OF trans
planting them. and the care given
them after they r transpianted.
In recommending the shade trees
which are most desirable and will
grow best In the highland part Of Al
buqueraue. pr. Long suggested the
Russian n~on-boaring mulberry, as the
best. This tree Will stand "A great
deal OF abuse, and has no objection
able features. II IL also q beautiful
shade tree and n fairly rapid grower
A. other trees. which have some
ubjectional features, but do wei IN
thu highlands. he mentioned the black
locust. the box elder. the aelnuthus,
tamhrlak. and Russian Wild olive.
The last named species has aiken
quite IA hold In the river bottom since
II was imported u this country, and
does well here. u Is "A hardy tree
and has few enemies. The color Of
the leaves. however. Is q drab gray
green. which makes II undesirable 20
some people.
In the lower sections OF the city. In
addition 10 these trees, b. recon-
mcuds D. valley cottonwood. lum-
hardy poplarss honey locust, and
American elm. The valley cotton
wood d. especially to be recommend
cd he stated
This tree. " male trees which do
not bear cotton are used. has very
few Objectionable features. They can
Doe ~truuspinntcd when Of good size. IL
care is taken. At the time OF trans.
planting. no branches should be taken
OF, as an possible leaf space h need
ed TO manufacture foo due to the
fact that a large proportion Of the
roots are cut IN the transplanting.
Whcu a large tire" Is trunaplantcd,
Il should be watcrcd two or three
times every week Tor the first year
This viii insure greater vitality and
faster growth.
by no means should any more
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Carolina poplarg bn planted in the
city" Dr. Long stated. 'Tfhr borera
and sucking insects attack the tree,
and make wounds whetc fungus LATER
takes hold. This a. what happened 20
the large number OF Carolina poplarH
which were planted on the kosiington
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Protest SchOol Book Chang.
Las CRUCEs-pona ANA county
people met In protest last week
against the text book adoption which
requires the purchase % all new
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Fire Destroys Light Plant.
FAHMlNGToN-Fire destroyed tho
light and Ice plant here last week.
aud also the flour mill. During the
blaze a steel amonia tank exploded.
II was found half buried In a pasture
geo feet from the pant The prop
erty loss Is estimated at 100000.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

estate on North Fourth street u Is
also happening to this Kind Of pop
lars all over tho city"
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

las Vegas plans Improvements.
LAS NBGAS-fhe old town Of Ins
Vegas II completing plans for n pro-
gram OF municipal Improvement. In
Guiding Installation of street lights
from Bridge street around the plaza
and the beautifying ~ Plaza park.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

In tho last eiaht years. mare than
80 plants have been experimentfd
WIN ~ soufces Cor paper.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

In 1870. tho premiums paid on au-
ipIuohiie ptoiection IN this country
amounted "a fiS5,u0o. 900.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Train service on the Santh Fe
branch of the Denver a lilo orande
WIS held up for several DAYS last
week ~ washouts In northern New
Mexico.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Illiteracy IL costing Che United
states $4,000. 900 annually, through
accidents and inefncicncy.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

The Tucumcari chamber of COM
msrce has changed its name 10 tho
Tucumcnri development hoard.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Buys Lumber Cosnpsny.
GALLUP-Ths Oibson-Faw Lum'
bcr company Of Albuquerque ant
GALLUP has bousht h lumber buai
ness Of the Carbon City Lumber com
panv. one OF the Oldest business Il
Gallup.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

II the American elm. which II used
cxtcnHivoly In Albuquerque as a shade
tree IL to be- saved. some means viii
have to be- used TO get a power spray
In the city. according 20 William II.
Long, pathological OF the United States
bureau of plant industry FOR the
southwest.
This type OF tree Is attacked by
two classes OF sucking inHocts. and
the only way to check them IN 10y the
use Of n power spray for extensive
spraying. Elm trees all over the city.
In parks and on private grounds. are
gradually dying, M the result ~ the
work Of these insects.
Not all Of the trees which grow In
the lowlnnds can be made tn thrive
IN the ~highlandH' Or iong stated.
ed. This " due to a difference In
the depth Of the water levol under
the surface OF the ground. In the
lowlands the roots only need To go
down for a few feet 10 reach water.
spread interest. Perhaps the most
important development OF The renewal
ut operations there is the closing OF
4 lease for tho r~c-opeuing OF the
famous old Baltic mine. owned by the
O. Amory stevens estate. The mine
has been leased by Ira l.. Wright. I. j.
Stauber. James Bell and r.. ". Arm
strong and "a force OF men put to
work cleaning cut the old workings.
preparatory 20 prosecuting extensive
development work.
The Baltic was one OF the PRINCIPAL
producers OF silver In Chloride fiat In
the days when h a camp was boom
Ing. Under cease to experienced min
ing men like hcssrs Wright. stnuber.
Armstrong n Bell. there Is every
prospect for the mine staging a sue
cessful "come-hack" as u producer.
The first shipment OF arc from the
Baltic since the shutdown Of the mine
In 1898 Is TO he made this week to
the III puHo smeltor. This shows that
tho operators are rushing wofk. \
ltiaH also has been secured Iu Chlu-
ride Flat hy Blackwell q co. on which
work is under way.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Plan u Power Project.
HAGERMAN-Prcliminary surveys
are being made for a power dam on
the Pecos river that will be designed
20 serve power FOR HaKerman. Dexter
aud other points In the vicinity.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Mark n. Thombson has been APP
pointed attorney for the United States
reclamation service, In charge OF the
Rio 1rande project. His home II In
las Cruces. The appointment was
made by secretary FNn.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

Zen Jnffn, formerly connected
with the Citizens National hank of
RoHwcl has been elected cashier Of
the HsBk OF Commerce or that ritY.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

week by a writ Of Attachment Id pro-
sect the wncr OF the building for
unpaid rent.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

y. H.. Wagner Honorcd.
LAS VEGAS. n. Wagner. pres
ident Of the New Mexico Normal unit
versity. has been elected a member
OF The national council of education.
The membership N limited to 100. II
IL the governing body Of the National
Educational association.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

The silver city Independent states
that mining activity continues In
Chloride Flat and d. attracting Wide
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

The Ration Taxi company has estab.
hfhed q regular stage line between
Haton and Dea MoineH, Union county
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1921-08-14

This should be the aim of us all. Train every
child in the ways of thrift and you are sure of a
sane, sensible citizen when that boy or girl
grows up. +,