The Maui news. [volume] (Wailuku, Maui, H.I.) 1900-current, 1921-11-22
Agriculture
Preparation of Plants
.(Bv ]. Z. O,RrienN

several months perhaps years, t.
grow the plant from seed. The prin
ciple method are by (1) cutting, by
(2) layering, and (3) by grating ant
budding. A cutting is a detached por
ton of a plant inserted in soil or wa
ter for the production of a new plant
Cuttings are classed as hardwood
h~erbaceous or sift wood, and root and
tuber cuttings. Hardwood cuttings
are from the ripened wood of decid
Gus plants of the present or previous
seasons growth.
Forms of Hardwood Cuttings
(a) Simple cutting usually EN-.
ployed in propagating the grape, and
many other small fruits. 1t consists
of a straight portion of a shoot OF
cane nearly uniform in size through.
out and containing two or more buds.
At the lower end it is usually cut off
just below a bud, because roots dew
elop most readily from a Joint. AT
the top it is cut off some distance
above the highest bud. % The
heel cutting consists of a lower por-
ton of a branch, containing two or
more buds torn off from the parent
punt Al yluS d SlIldll DOIJlOn
of that branch, forming the socalled
heel. g The mallet cutting is pro-
duced by severing the parent branch
above and below a shoot so as to
leave a section of it on the base of
the cutting. (d) Single eye cuttings
used when it is desired to make the
largest number of cuttings from a
limited supply of stock. The cuttings
contain but one bud each and are
carefully started under glass with bot
tom heat either in green house or
hotbed. The bud is placed about an
inch below the surface and the soil
is kept moist.
Treatment of Hardwood Cuttings
The cuttings should be made with
two or more buds, and while the wood
is dormant (fall of leaf. They may
be buried in sand, sawdust, or moss
in a cool place until planted out. In
planting they should be exposed to
light and air as little as possible.
They a be set 8 inches apart in
trenches with only the topmost bud
or buds above the surface. The soil
is then replaced in the trench and
thoroughly packed.
Herbaceous or Soft Wood CUTTINGS
Commonly called Slips" to in
such plants as roses, earna-
tions, geraniums, chrysanthemums,
fuchsias, begonias, and the like. They
are divided into (a) leaf cuttings and
(b) stem cuttings. Leaf cuttings are
employed in multiplying begonias,
hoyas, and other plants having thick
heshy leaves containing a large guam
tity of plant food. A part of a leaf
or a whole leaf may be used, but it
must have reached full development
and be in a healthy condition. The
propagating bed is made by filing a
shallow box with fine clean gravel or
sand. Sand containing organic mat
ter or clay must be avoided. If clean
sand cannot be had crushed sand
stone will do. Fill the box, water
thoroughly, and scrape off level with
a straight edge. Make cuts with a
knife about half the depth and insert
the leaves stem end down, press the
sand tightly against them and keep
damp until rooted.
Stem Cuttings
Are portions of a branch with two
or more nodes and leaves attached.
coleus and allied plants
strike root easily. The leaf area
should be reduced to a minimum to
lessen evaporation and prevent wilt
ing. Depth of sand varies with
but 8 to 4 inches will be sufi-
cient. A sash covering is necessary
for plants that are liable to wilt or
which requires long period to form
roots. single cuttings may be cover
with inverted glass jars. If
'damping off" develops, remove all
he sand, scrub or whitewash the in
side of box or frame and put fresh
sand in.
layering
A layer is a branch so placed in
with the earth as to induce
t to throw out roots and shoots.
4ayering is the best method of null
iplying woody plants which do read
ly take root from cuttings. In tip
ayering the tip of a branch or cane
S bent down to the ground and COW
,red with soil when it will throw out
and develop a new plant.
Vine layerinn
"A vine is SlTeJCneu along the
and buried in a shallow
rench, or it may be covered in GER
ain places only. Roots will develop
md branches be thrown up. The vine
S then cut between each, leaving a
of Independent rlants. The
vine a easily be propogated
way.
Mound layering
Is employed with plants which
tool. The base is covered with a
mound of earth. The stems will
brow out roots and be separated in
o independent plants.
Grating and Budding
Fruit growing owes it's high state
f perfection today to grating and
udding. Originators of new kinds do
.ot have to wait several year to null
iply their creations. This is accom-
'lished in a single season by graft
ng and budding.
The Scion
a portion cut from a plant to be in
erted upon another Cor the same)
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