davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
AIDING GOLD MINING

Because gold is the measure of all
values in the commercial and indus
trial world, it is thing apart from
all things else.
To say that other values are high
is simply to say that the value of gold
is low.
Gold is at one end of the teeter
and all other values, including
wages, are at the other end.
Gold, however, like all other
things, cannot be produced when
wages and other expenses are high,
but it is hard times and low wages
that make gold production profit
able.
Wages now are too high to justify
gold mining, except when it is found
in connection with other values or
where extra rich gold ores are work
ed
90 senators from the western states
to address Secretary of the Treasury
Mellon in favor of legislation to en-
courage gold mining, which the Sec
rotary has declined to favor.
Now the question is presented to
the country fairly whether the
American people can afford to permi
gold mines to reduce their prOduc
ton to a still lower point.
1t is true there is an abnorma
amount Of gold coin in the Unite,
States at present, because the balanc
of trade and borrowings during tn
war period brought this about Blu
that is a temporary condition, othe
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
ELY CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE WILL
SEND DELEGATE

At a nj sating of the executive m
mittec OF he Gly Chamber of Com
merco, held wednesday evening, S.
Norbert Williams, manager of the
Boston-Ely Mining company was Sc
iected to represent the chamber at
meeting 80 be held In Carson City
November 4, which has been called
for the purpose Of making an effort
8 secure lower rates on ores from
he mines of Nevada to the smelters
Of Salt Lake valley. AS Ely is pre-
eminently mining camp, and as it's
present and future depends largely
upon low freight rates on ore ship
ments, the executive committee de-
cided that 1t would be well to have
an active representative at the meet
4 ing. Mir. Williams, in connection
With Sam Ebert and George Ryan.
/ al OF Ely, appeared before the state
regard to the same matter. at which
time the claim for lower freight rates
were most favorably presented.
\ Mr.. Williams will go to the meet
ing backed by figures and facts
which will show that the shippina
NJ mes in this section cannot operate
under existing freight rates, but thai
II the freight rates can be reduced tt
the pre-war level large tonnage OF
ore will be available for shipping
Anyhow, whether the meeting Il
luccessful or not In securing lower
freight rates, the Chamber of Com
merce has shown that 1t Is alive I,
he situation, and will be ably rcp
resented at iNs important meeting.
! Ely Record.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
IAsT MONDAY MAS ADMISSION
DAY IN NEVADA

+ Mcnday. octobef 3lst Is the ami
yersary OF Admission Day. On No
vember II. 1851. the Battleborn
state began its territorial history
at which time a public meeting was
held for the purpose Of organising a
squatter government. Less than 100
persons took par in this gathering
which took place q Mormon Station,
now Genoa, Nevada.
on March 81, 1864. Congress
passed an act enabling the people OF
Nevada to form constitution and
state government and for the adj
mission of the state into the Union.
The constitution framed by the con-
vention was submitted to the people
in September, 1864, and on October
81, 1864, Nevada vas, by proclama-
ton, declared to be one Of the states
of the Union.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
(By Martha GaIlaudet Waring.)

(By Martha GaIlaudet Warlng)
When we begin the training of the
baby we must never forget that the
first thing he should learn to use is
himself, and that. his first tools
should be the God-given ones of his
own body-members and brain. We
are apt to overlook this in fact,
though ready to admit it in theory;
ginning of this kind of training.
Froebel, with his never-failing in
sight into to the needs of the devel-
oping child, has given us among 9TH
ers, the Mother-Play of Falling
Falling" This, as well as the play
with the Limbs" and "Pat-a-Cake"
should be used with the very tiny
baby as soon as he shows signs OF
conscious activity.
Babies always respond with pleas
ure to exercises with the soles of
the feet pressed against the palms OF
the mothers hands, and to the care
full moving of the arms up and
down. These simple exercises begir
TO differentiate their members fol-
them, thus giving them early con
troll of their bodies. 'Pat-a Cake
comes next and then 1.-TWO Little
Dogs that are Walking a Mile
played with the feet thus:
Two little dogs are walking mile
Two little dogs are crossing stile,
Cross over, cross over, cross over"
: During the first two lines lift u
| the baby's feet successfully as thougl
Q walking in the air, and for the las
t line cross over alternately. Mex
comes rolling over on the bad an
pulling up by the arms, first little
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

nations being deprived of their share
of the gold for the time being, with
certainty that restored commerce
will bring a change.
The world will need the gold for
international commerce which this
country can produce, and conditions
professionally will be needed that
will make possible the continued
production of the metal-Reno
Journal.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
PUT HIM On.

:. :. :. :. :. : = :. = :. : :
il fellow clad in khaki.
olive drab. or sailor blue
walks in and asks TO see The Boss
and The Boss. Of course. is you;
II a fellow clad ia khaki.
Olive drab, or sailor blue
walks ID and asks you for a Job
What are you going to do?
Put him on?
He's The fellow. please remember,
When the Huns knocked at our
door,
10 whom you prayed with feryor:
keep the Germans from our
shore!"
He's the fellow-oh, remember r.
who, knee-deep in mud and gore,
Gave your prayer happy answer.
Made your hearthstone safe once
more;
Put him on!
When he marched away you cheered
him;
Have you cheered him coming
Back?
Have you given him a welcome
Since he laid down gun and pack?
Have you thrown his deeds in dis
card,
Put his record on the rack2
Is it you who'll be Stacker
To the boy who didn't slack?
Put him on!
II fellow clad in khaki,
Olive drab, or sailor blue
Walks in and asks you for a job
What are you going to do?
Yes, of course, it seems a problem,
May mean sacrifice to you;
But remember ChateauT hierry!-
He's been sacrificing, too!
| Put him on!
Review Miner.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

WANTED Statesmen for 5000 mile
guaranteed tires. Salary $4,000
weekly with extra commissions.
COWAN TIRE e RUBBER CO.,
Box 784, Chicago. Ill. 1872
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
LINING DIRECTORY
FRANCE CONSOLIDATED MINI"
AND sMELTING COMPANi

FRANCE CONSOLIDATED MlNiSs
AND SMELLING COMPANi
incorporated under the laws q -
vada
Capitalization. one million snsi"
two d,llars each. M.
Principal once, Salt Lake City. u.s "s
Location Of property. ELY
District. Lincoln County. NsvsoA
Twenty claims. ...r..
Onicers: A. H. Godbe, Prssw
George r. WATSON. vice-Presiosr. "AhA
8 Mccormick. Treasurer: M. Y b.
Secretary ana General Managers Z
wertheimer. additional Directo'' 800.
Hedges. superintendent; A. =
Resident Agent
VIRGINIA LOUISE MINING COMB
Incorporated under the laws :.
state OF Nevada. so,,.,s
Capitalization one million =,
divtded into ne milton SHARE
value one dollar zach. -
Principal once. Phoebe. New. Mas
Transfer once. 1903 Hibern'An
Los Angeles. Cal go. Dr.
Location Of mine. Ely M'n"s
trict. Lincoln County. Nevso~ u
Omcsrs and Directors: C i y
Horssy. President and Direc'v v,.sctor
Thomson. vics-Prssident ana ~
Chas A. Thompson. secrees s,,ls.:
Treasurer and Director; Il '"
Superintendent.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

NOW is the time to buy your Hunt
ington Beach lots, opportunity to
double your investment quickly,
safely, two ways one from increas-
ed valuation and the other from
oil royalties. Investigate, write
at once for details. Do not delay.
p. A. Kingsland, Box 173, Hunt
ington Beach, Cal.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

WANTED-Six or ten horse power
power hosting engine; must be
in good condition. State lowest
price. Record office.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
Watch Your Step!

One dark uight-so the story goes-a GER
tain king placed large rock in the middle of
The road. Thousands of his people, thereafter,
severely stubbed their toes, on troubled to
walk around. AT length one strong youth
wiser than the rest-lifted the stone and heav-
eel it from the road. And where it had rested
he found a bag of gold?
Are you stubbing your toe? Are you over
looking esly gold? How about lifting that lit
tie debt and finding that golden help which
this community is so anxious to extend to
those worth while?
Pay in full if possible: because that was
the agreement. Pay part Of the debt if it is
not possible to pay it all. If no cash is avail
able then pay the debt with your promise to
pay later Do something; because IN these
DAYS when mind-readers ale so scarce yonr
act of explaining the delay and your good act
OF making a promise is worth much more
than good intention. Good intentions, un-
less followed by good acts are good only for
paving in-well, you know where
The Phoebe Pharmacy, while limited III
financial strength, is able and anxious to help
its good customers with every reasonable
credit convenience. And it cannot take prop
er care OF its good customers unless it is also
4 strong enough to refuse to do business with
those who are not worth while
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
CLASSIFIED

FOR SALE II. P. gas engine.
with pump attachment Applg
Record Office.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

WANTED TO PURCHASE-A furn-
ished house if five rooms; must
be in good condition. Record Of
fee.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

FOR SALE-Ford Truck, 1920 mod
ell, in first class mechanical eondi-
ton. Good tires. Record office.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

with pump attachment Apply
Record Office
FOR SALE First class cedar Ere
wood; sl1.OO per cord. delivered
Guarantees. Phone Georsia Eng
nsh. Court House.
WANTED-salesman with car. Call
on dealers with guaranteed tires.
salary and expenses; else extra
commission. CRESCENT TIRE &
RUBBER Co, Plymouth. Ind.
A one ton Maxwell truck and a
Dodge truck for sale. Inquire al
Record offiea.
( WANTED-A pair good work mares
mares. Apply Record office.
FOR SALE.
Partly burned house on Cedar
street of E. L. Norss. Apply at Rec
ord office.
LOST-Bunch of keys. Finder re
turn to Record office and receiv'
reward
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04
Child raining at | Home

One of Of articles furnished by the National kindergarten Asoa
New York City, They appearing weekly the Record
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

LOST-Bunch of keys. Finder re-
turn to Record office and receive
reward.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

FOR SALE First class cedar ere
wood; slIoO per cord. delivered
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1921-11-04

A one ton Maxwell truck and
Dodge truck for sale. Inquire al
Record Office.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

Izx 6%>1U|Z<GX ZOEZ3 oI~ Ito Z/ZZZ[H
CH>Z Z0R<1Xa(f1>~G -C<H<2<O nm


France. the centre OF its learning, the
home Of its most illustrious artists:
its most skillful artisans It's most bril-
ilant scholars. There were vast mon
asteries where men like Alquln taught
disciples that came from every land
10 sit at their feet. Gregory OF Tours
taught Christianity and marvellous IL
Illuminated gospels on vellum with let
ters OF golh were wrought by patient
monks. The silk industry reached a
high state OF perfection there. Weav-
ing of all kinds and pottery-making
occupied the people. The French
kings of that time brought from their
Italian travels all that could stimulate
and inspire the native talent
A Town OF Many Battles
The tide OF battle rolled around
Tours for many centuries and It's
waves broke against her walls. The
Romans won the city from the early
owners and built huge amphitheatres
and baths, whose ruins are constantly
being unearthed under the present
buildings. They built roads to Mans.
Poitiers and Anglers, and made Tours
itself free city with many privileges
The Visigoths fought ilerceIy TO kaln
the city and the French took Il qs1aln.
THE Merovlnglans and Normans waged
desperate warfare for It's possession
and later tho French and English
Rings were rivals and battles ragged
again. The Counts OF plols and those
OF Anjog fought savogely to gain con
troll Of Tours and France and England
were continually at war TN the
maiden warriors death frightened
them and kept them Qiiet They were
both aghast at what they had per-
mit;ed in allowing her to be tortured
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10
N1I2D(I>N1H|YY %.
x2<0G>zIS[3
ldy< [12E<S52

canize and modernize poor nervous
France. desperate with the agony Of
so many years OF war. Try it on one
OF your own dear friends who is
asleep. Wake him up with the rattle
OF tin pans; dump him into a de-
lousing. disinfecting bath. cut his hair
and beard and moustache differently,
dress him in everything he hates, give
him what he loathes TO eat. and tell
him he is all out OF date and behind
the times. that his house is ugly and
his ideas all wrong. Even your best
friend may not bless you. 1t Is more
than year now since the last OF our
great army left Tours and the place
is gradually settling down again. her
ruffled plumage smooth once more
Joan or Arc
It was to Tosrs that Joan OF Arc
came. her victorious banner was en-
broidered here and it was from a
chateau close by that she persuaded
.ae uncrowned and coward king to
follow in her shadow and be saved
and crowned. All too soon thereafter
she met the martyrs death. The king
took everything and gave nothing not
cver his thanks for the realm Of
France. How true II Is that good
deeds must he their own rewarr-
Charlemagne came and stayed a;
Tours His beloved wife d.cd nnd was
buried there. Marie de Medicls paid
Visit there and gorgeous were the
fetes given in her honor. During sew
eral centuries 1t was the heart OF
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

and burned.
Center or Learning
The blossom time for Tours was In
the centuries that Immediately fol-
lowed Joan Of Arc. No other place in
France was qai.c SO safely situated a.
Tours aud the country there was so
very seautiful that the French kings
settled there entirely Tours became
the centre OF all revivlng art and
learning. The court was there with
kings and pomp and show and vast
expenditure. The great mobiles Of the
court built at that time the magnif-
cent ehateaux that the tourist goes to
see today. all along the valley Of the
Loire.
Henry 'h7 Fourth began in more
peaceful times 10 yearn for Paris. Il
seemed at last safe TO 20 there. II
had been too near the coast and Eng
ish inyaslons before. Now thar al
was seemingly Peaceful the kim he
San TO lhqre Paris would be better
residence and so began the decadenco
of Tours. The say court departed
vita the king, bn, Il was ilfty yeara
or more before Tours qaits lest It's
prestige. The wcnderflL cnaieaux
were silll the occasional homes OF the
rich and powerful Thetfkiilful arti-
sans had orders ior ,eorgs Of art ana
rich silks ana furniture 10 he sent TO
Paris and the vast inonaStefs,s> wero
full Of pupils. but very soon the glory
passed away and Tours was pAs-
tracked and left 10 slumbcr AK 70
dream OF late centuries tho Aany
who found their way there we.e ehtOnlg
students of French for the r. sr.aA vt
rUuraine Is purer than that or - -.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

one CT the largest OF our immense
supply stations Hundreds OF thou
sands 81 our troops came, stayed and
passed on. yielding their place to
others. Mountains of supplies were
brought. enough for the estimated
three years Of war. huge trucks
dashed through her grass-grown
streets. acroplanes whirled over the
city and swooped down upon her
fields. All her farm lands were white
wi;h myriad tents. the old French bar
RACKS. vast places were SLED BY noisy,
laughing. eager Americans, VINO
lurned them upside down and tepsy-
turvy and INSIDE out, to shake the dust
of ages 11t. Ehey were VT rewashcd
and painted and disinfectAd. Thou
sands CT electric lights made visible
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

the darkest corners; bathrooms and
shower baths were installed every
where; Fairgrounds and flower-filled
courts appeared as if by magic, where
had been rubbish-heaps and swamps.
American Army Everywhere
Every farm anu hotel and private
dwelling in all the place was requisi-
toned for our troops and the civil en-
ployes that helped the huge organiza-
tion. The whole water supply Of the
place was changed and purified. Every
person in all the country round was
shaken up and admonished 10 be mod
ern and set down hard. Tours gaSped
and Submitted. Her daughters, prac-
tical as all French psonls always are
even in their dreams, hastoaed to cap
tivate and marry soldiers and officers.
Shop-keepers sat up and began TO
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

Angeles. and thought il would be fun
70 appeal ID motion pictureSand brag
Of it when she went back to school.
She told the director that she could
do any. kind Of swimming stunts and
prove It in the pool. The result was
an engagement in comedies at $25 a
week. Then Rollin Sturgeon, the
Universal director, saw her and told
her she was wasting her time in that
sort Of work. lie offered her q chance
70 appear with Lyons and Moron-the
result was Gladys did not go back to
school. Instead she was made star
in a years time. which just about
beats the record.
Puppets OF Fate"
tense moment in Puppets of
Fac" This adaptation from an or
iginal screen BY Dom Byrne. the Well
known novelist and snort story writer
has as it's heroine. sorrcntua Palom-
bra. the exquisite little Italian wife,
whose husband. Gabriel falls into the
hands OF an adventures. In this
scene, Sorrentina has followed "Bahe'
REYNOLDS to her apartment, intending
10 kili me woman who stole her hus-
bands love away Viola Dana enacts
the part Of sorrsntina and Jackie
Saunders Of Babe"
"Wilaont Benefit OF Clergy
+, The story reflects Rudynrd bipllng's
most intimate knowiedgs Of native
aud official l'fe in British India. with
the scenes laid mainly in The ancient
city Of Lahore.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10
Ancient Seal oi Kings, Rudeiy Awakened BY American
Horde p Short and Strenuous Life of Modern
War ard Then Peace and Quiet Again.

m oZ.Nc peacefully -.,t~ccn her
slowly Sowing rivs:s. Themselves
s.ais-s asleep. Tears dreams OF
~ se= 1ac-e' of ages aasi. when she
we-s ~ Spital of far France and
king. a~et, within ~ lofty walls.
.A~A,s= 80 she was most rudely
~ai.-ssi srom her ,szgpy slumbers.
T1a s~sNT woIli cad passed her by.
h-r ~see-sps schools Of art and
lcarntEe ~E.s oesar7s6. no more the
aess -of All tho esrzh sought her In
rz~arNns aspS 70 drink OF greater wis
aom. A4r rlnnast@r.es ana ccnvents
yaee na<riy srrey. her palaces tn
vutzs. Bhe hsd folded her hands and
s~tsiSl back for a long nap when the
vteswind Of the great American Army
1870 .ded upon her. Tours bocame
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

"PIaythings of Destiny Star in One Year-A Story
ofBritish Inda-Viod Dana AsAnltaidn Antlab-
crate EnqIshP Production To Marry Chaplin

The action is quick and interesting
and there seems to be something hap
pening every monfenG Among its ex-
citing features are real iee-tnged
blizzard in the North: a dash through
the frozen wastes Of Canada with
dog team; a thrilling boar hunt in
Jamaica and a tropical hurricane that
lays entire villages 10 waste and
crushes native huts ike eggsheils.
Gladys Walton
Gladys Walton IS II years old. She
was born in Boston. The family
moved to Portland. Oregon. where she
went to school. During one OF her
vacations she visited friends in Los
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

take notice and soon bought diamonds
and furs aud put money in the banks.
1t was all immensely interesting for
a while and then-became almost un-
bearabiy burdensome. Upon going
there during the "invasion" l asked
an old French woman / met in the
street where the American headqusr-
iers were and she. realizing only the
word americans, TUNED "a 4 slow
circle. with arm ANA hand outstreicned
and said ,rag'cal'y. 'Thoro is not a
house no. building Of any sort. nor
q fari-s nor q field, whore they are
not"
Why We Arc Not Lilirti
Poor France! They co hats uA
quite bit. we were aggressively
generous We came like a cyclone.
We tried with all our might to Ameri-
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

IN her next release. "Playthings Of
Destiny" Anita Stewart VIII be
seen as young wife who inno-
Gently commits bigamy In an effort
so shieid her child's name. While NOT
Al any, sense q problem play, this at
Rrneticn Eets the utmost In draInatle
values out OF this cynical twist OF NE
gas ptcturs Is said TO be not only
sns.~f. eAe best productions In which
Ms 0wwzrt has ever appeared. out
I ris.ns the star greater opportunity
ior personal triumph than anything
khe has done 60 date
.Piaythings Of Destiny IS q perfect
lpnbinesisn-ef drama -end spectacle
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

France where she has served as lady
in-walting to the Queen, urtl she is
beheaded a; the Kings command so
iha; he may marry Jane seymour.
Made In Europe, under the dheeion
nj Ernst Lubitseh. who also directed
Passion" IL is one OF tho most elabo-
rate pictures which have thus far
been shown The scenes OF England
IN the days Of the Tudors, with the
tourua menis and royal fetes. are re-
markable for the accuracy OF their
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

detail. Westminster Abbey ;ns royal
castle and other landmarks arr TeI ro-i
duceG on a laylsn sea'e All s.; the
costumIag Is ar.r Etibsin, eonrt
painter to Henry VIII. ara n itself
cost fortune The role OF Aeae has
been given to Henny Porten. one Of
Europe's best known stage and screen
players
May Collins
May Collins. the beautiful young
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

Ameera Is typical very prtfty
soung Hindu girl Z. he people in La
hore. She is protected from an un-
welcome native suitor BY John Holden.
Ia Young English structural engineer,
and a reciprocal love affair IS the re-
suit Ahmed Kahn, Holden's native
arranEes the matter OF the
"do@ry" with Aneefa's m9ther Tine
lovers are united in pretty cere-
inony. In which floral wreaths and a
ring figure. They dwell In "The
House OF Love- and are very happy.
Holden has structural engineering
duties eisewhers,e but returns as often
as possible to Amcera. On one such
return they rejoice mrually over the
prospect Of pledge Of their undying
affection" Both are transported with
the Joys os parenfhood. Holden. be-
cause Of his love and ildeliiy to
Ameera and their little son. is ldolized
By the natives of the household. As
tho child -Gseeleps IN lovcllness the
scenes ofedonTdstlc happiness are moss
charming Then d scends upon India
the t.3sue or cholera. Little "Tglor
IS stricken to cea54s - ss5sGen's pres
ence. Ameera will not Zee with others
to the hills for safety HOLDEN re-
mains with hef-fo see her. too. fan
vietlm 10 the plague.
Perception"
Deception" iens the story Of Anne
Boieyn. seeoad VIE Of Henry VIII
and mother Of Queen Elizabeth. from
-. 49, .-..... - Frnfi,.,d from,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1921-06-10

Iacircss. wao, according - runlur. y
soon 20 BE- Mira Charlie uhnpsih VIII
3lsy :las .-sdiil- role oppesNs Frank
Mayo IN u,si stars curfeot produce
tion, "Tl.c shnrk Master" written and
produced by Fred Leroy Granville.
In this story Miss Collins will appear
as the Flame Flower a white girl who
had been washed ashore on South
PacifS island and RdoI ted BY the
natives. '~-~-