The New York herald., 1921-05-15

AS an alternative the owners syndi-
the participation Of worknen in the
management of Industrial plants SO they
may be Informed OF the costs as well as
the gains Of industry"
Expected to Poll Large Vote.
That this party will poll largo vote
tomorrow Is generally conceded.
Next in Importance comes the Popular
party. a name which was taken In the
1919 elections by the combined Catholic
political organizations. which returned
1o1 deputies. The chief plank In its
platform calls for opposition to the So
cialist labor organizations and platform
through Catholic organizations. 1t IA
vors free schools as against State
monopoly Of education.
When the Catholics entered Parlia-
ment in 1919 they had an elaborate lib
eral programme Since then. however.
they have split into a right wing and
left wing composed OF Catholic extrem-
lists and headed by Signor Miglioli. The
centre. headed by a priest, Don Sturzo,
constitutes an important political fac
ton Of this party. The Catholic opposi-
ton to the Socialists is little less strong
than that of the Fascist and the Ma
tionalists, although the former is cleri-
cal rather than nationalist In its pro-
gramme.
In addition to these principal parties
that will be represented in the new Par
lament the Radical, the Republican and
the Communist minorities undoubtedly
will return a few Deputies, most OF
whom will be- elected by the constitucn-
cies from loyalty to the individual
rather than to the party that the can
didate represents.
Party List systcm Used.
The elections will be conducted on the
party list system. Electors may vote
the straight ticket or they may supsti-
tute names, according to their prefer
ence. The largest city In each election
district will be the election centre for
its district. Representation from each
district is based on population.
Premier Giolitti has called on all
projects and commissioners to take
every step possible so that violence on
election day be prevented.
LAS election day approaches, he said,
"the more careful must be your efforts
to assure freedom for propaganda to all
parties without distinction. The elec-
toral battle must be fought within the
limits OF legality. especially where the
conflict of ideas Is now acute and per-
sonaI animosity is sharpest. Violence
must be averted. whether by members
of the Fascisti the Communist or other
parties"
What effect the elections will have on
the political fortunes Of Signor Gioltti
it is of course impossible to say to-
day. However. it may be said that this
statesman is still hale. hearty and ac-
-, "A 70 ~
since he resumed the Premiership on
the fall of the Nitti Cabinet in the Min
isterial crisis in June, 1920, he has con-
Quoted tho Government with his old
time vigor. Indeed, so strong was he
that he had the courage to call a gen
eral election for tomorrow, to persuade
King Emmanuel to dissolve Parliament
and to pass the legislative measure that
increased tho price of bread, although
IL was this same measure that caused
the fall of the Nitti Cabinet.
Needed National Demand.
When signor Giolitti consented to or
ganize a new Ministry on the fall of
Premier Nitti's Cabinet however. Ii
was in response to a demand that was
almost national. 1t was bad time for
Italy. She bore severe wounds received
on the battlefields of the Trentino and
Carso where many OF her bravest sons
had fallen. Her hopes, which italian
statesmen had taken with them to
Paris. had been crushed.
The gaze of the whole world was
turned toward Fiume. where Gabrielle
d'Annunzio with his legionnaires held
out in defiance of every one. and war
clouds were gathering, at time when
Italy could not afford to enter another
conflict. At home the Socialists were
rampant and the red flag of Bolshevism
was unfurled to the breeze in many
districts.
Premier Nitti had temporized with
these radicals and extremists, fearing
them greatly. He had granted all their
demands. and they were growing In
strength every day.
1t was then that italy turned again
to Giolitti, whom many persons re-
earded as aged. He had been in politi-
cal retirement since 1911. after having
ruled the Chamber of Deputies with a
strong hand for three years and. for
while subsequently, was the most un-
popular statesman In Italy. During
these days Of retirement. sometimes IL
was declared that he was In danger OF
assassination. 1t Is certain that had
he appeared In the streets OF Rome In
1915 he would have been attacked.
Nation Turns to GioIitti Again.
But I'm the crisis. after Salandra, Bo-
selli. Orlando and Nitti had tried TO
bring order out OF chaos and had failed
the nation turned back to Giolitti. With
almost one voice II cried to him to come
forward and take matters in his own
hands Obviously IL was with some
satisfaction that he did so. and the
effect was noticeable almost imme-
diately.
The demands OF the Socialists were
refused. The activities OF the Fascist
were curbed. One by one the strikes
which had closed down some OF the most
important industrial plants in Italy. were
settled. and men who wanted to work
were able to do so. He proceeded to put
the radicals In order and gradually to
bring order out Of the disorder.
How well he succeeded IS seen In the
fact that the elections will be held
throughout Italy tomorrow.
'Theso elections are a great source OF
pride TO me-" Premier Giolitti said this
week. "for II seems the greatest proof
that Italy Is absolutely free from revo-
lutionary tendencies. Elections are not
signs OF revolutions. but are. rather. GER
tain proof OF the contrary. We are
Deputies in which the entire process of
tho Government viii be able TO function,
which was virtually impossible In the
last Chamber.
1t is difficult 10 predict the precise