Evening star., 1921-05-22

teen feet in width at the entrdhee.
Thirty years ago it was twice as iohs. ..s
front having been cut away by quaftH
men. At that time the floor OF the cave
was within thirty feet of the rooi' Du'
originally, as paleontologists now knoM'
the roof was over seventy 1cet hiSn
Accumulated dirt of ages ralseu Tue
floor that much. They have been dig-
ging slowly, carefully. since 1892 IN
Barma -Grande. They have excavate9
thirty-five feet of floor deposit. 1ound
many strange things and have not Se'
touched rock bottom.
The rising of the cave floor te;ls
stupendous story of occupation. When
the mass of Ped Cliff emerged IRON
some previous ocean the caves were
empty. Little by little their floors rose
by accumulation Of falling fragments
tracked-in soil. ashes and charcoal from
together with the bones OF animals
dragged in to serve as food. and otner
refuse. Nobody swept in those Gays.
But think of the ages that must nave
been required TO accumulate moor dirt
thirty five feet deep.
They were dwelling places. not burial
places.
Only four human skeletons have been
found in the floor dirt of Barma-Grande,
and about eighteen in the nine caves.
Yet Barma- -Grande alone twnose use os
man, according to German science, goes
back 100000 years) must have been the
house of how many people. do you think.
successfully? Counting .OO,00O years 2i
use with the most conservative Frencn
es:imates) sand ten new lnhabltant
passing through all the nine caves per
year (births. captives. conglcrors. etc. }.
we get total Of 100000. of which
Barma -Grande must have sheltered hall.
"A million men lived in this cave:
says Giuseppe Abbo. the ltailan buSi-
ness man who owns Barma-Grande.
cix LOFT
found IN it. Were they kings fam
lilies" Or were there extraordinary
circumstances? One boy has his feet
ard head burnt of. Was it death oE
torture?"
when digging in these floor ac-
c,mulations they go through strata
Of far different periods. These layers
are classified by paleontology. very
much BY the make of Clipped stone
implements found mixed with char-
coal of ancient hearths and bones
of ancient feasts. the sDecies OF
ZONES of animals dragged in for
food change, also, as we dig down.
showing changes of old climates.
No british tertiary man has yet
been found at Red Cliff. But they
have already come across ms grit
youo. underneath the layer of the
antique elephant he of the straight
tusks, not the woolly mammoth, VINO
came very much later). mixed with
bones and ashes of their horrld res
tivaiS.
HAVE counted ten books. not mere
pamphlets. written on these caves
of Red Cliff or Erottos OF Grimaldl,
az some of them are called on the
proposition of DR.. Nerneau. the
French sayant. Their writer's are the
great names of French paleontology
DIR. Verneau. E. Riviere. Chanolne
de Villeneuve. Marcellin Boule. Costa
de Beauregard, Emile Carthaliac. A.
Mogre:, L. d'Acy. Salamor Reinach
and others. AS for reports TO inter-
national congresses. articles IN an
chronological reviews and disputes
and corrections in scientific weeklies
and monthlies. they would fill long
c,ta,orue. There is even the report
of United States Consul Wilson. at
Nice, in 1854. when the first finds
were made.
Now. they have dug down very
deem in the floor dirt. below the layer
of the antique elephant and rhi-
noceros merckii tnot Tichorhinus.
who is $4,000 years higher in the
and ind the rudely chipped gritstone
scrapers of brute men of the Mean
derti1al. Spy or Naulette type, and,
If YOU wish. the man of Moustier.
All hide and dodge in the black
shadows of the unknown.
eve know the characteristics of the
race which then inhabited these lands"
saws DR.. Verneau. Small in stature.
with low skull. ,rcceding forehead and
enormously thick superciliary ridges
sIrmounting great round eyes. these
men W ere prognathouS and had re ced.ng
chins Judging from the shape of the
thighbone and tibia, they must have
walked with their legs Slightly bent.
This race, which is now well known, is
called Neanderthal or Spy, from the
names Of localities where the most in
terestins remains have been found
And yet, trench buried in among the
l1earths and scrapeS OF these brutes, we
find the splendid men and women of
our race. as finely made as we. They
have ornaments, and they are artists.
Soon they will be painting pictures on
cave walls in France and Spain. They
are the Ewes and Adams of the thinking
race-the great Cro-Magnon people.
So, here we come to the strange part
Of 1.-THE very strange part.
Go ahead" says Abbo. the Italian
business man. at $ us OF southern Eu
rope, not your proud americans. We
can stand for it. Tell them what DIR.
Eerneau says"
AT the ;ime wrote the first edition
of nv work" says i)T. Eerneau, ar
thropo.ogists supposed that the line race
Of the Cro-MaSnons, had followed di-