davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06

it was in no way an eight-hour measure; that he came here pledged to support an eight-hour measure but lie could not vote for the Hess biil. On the question of adopting the report of the confcrees, the vote stood nine against and two for it. two members being absent
 The supporters of the Britt fish cries control resolution and bill n. de an effort to get it taken of the table but were unable to muster sufficient strength. MT Murray moved that it be taken up for con- sideration but the motion was de- reated by vote of nine to seven. The game bill introduced at the Ie- quest of the Alaska Fish and Game Cab early during the session like wIse went without action. The bill was report ed several weeks ago without recn nmendation by Chair Fish and Game, but was tabled later and no effort ever made to take it up.
 Fish Commission Loses.
 All efforts to pass a new law re- organizing the Territorial Fish Commission were futile pnl the Commission will continueto func- tion under the old act. The Senate refused to accept House substitute for Senator Britt's reorgs pization hill and n HOmmitton on E, oc CoD ference was unable to reac.l any agreement
 Agreement was reached on theI fur tax schedule without serious diff iicdity, compromise being affected on the rates and license fees for buyers. The final tlgurcE placed licenses at $50; changes in tbC tax on belts as follows: Black bear. 50 cents; silver fov, $350; black fox, $3 70; blue fox, s1 OJI and red fox fifty cents. Agreement was also reached on Senate Bill No, 52, relative to alteration of limits of incorporated towns.
 Education Bill Lost.
 last effort was made to put through Senate Bill No. 63, con- ferring certain powers on school boards to regulate entries in public schools. The Conference Committee recommended that the House recede from it's amendments, which struck put all of the extra powers sought | in the measure, but the House voted | bA L,, ..s. . to six, one member being absent
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
ORDER IS
 BEING HEARD IN COURT

United States District Judge Rob ert w. Jennings is today hearing the case of w. D. Gross, of the Coliseum theatre, against E. A. Bilodeau and Mrs Bilodeau. The case is for permanent restraining order against destruction of property.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Livestock Handlers Strike
 Ended by Arbitration Pact

CHICAGO, May 6-Approximately 1000 livestock handlers in the Chica- go stockyards who struck last week because their wages were reduced eight cents an hour. returned to work today pending arbitration of the dis pute.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
J. B. Campbell, Spokane, Is
 Sworn in as Member I.C.C,

SPOKANE, Wash. May 6.-J B. Campbell, of Spokane, yesterday was sworn in as a member of, the Inter state Commerce Commission, accord ing to Washington advices today.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Nationwide Drive Against
 Open Shop to Be Continued

CINCINNATI, O., May 6. - Plans az inst the open shop, American plan" of use of injunctions in strikes, repeal of the Kansas industrial court law and compulsory arbitration les :slation were discussed at ten day session of the executive council of the American Federation of Labor opening here yesterday.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
JURY IN DAMAGE CASE
 IS OUT OVER "A HOURS

The jury in the damage case of John Larson against the Alaska Ju neau Gold Mining Company was still out at 3:30 o'clock this after noon. The jury was given the case at 2:30 o'clock yesterday afternoon
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
REPUBLICAN, CLUB TO MEET.

The Juneau Republican Club will hold a meeting at Moose Hall to- night. It is expected that all the Republican members of the Legisla- ture will be present and give talks
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Mexican Destroyer Breaks
 Down, Tug Sent to Rescue

LOS ANGELES, Cal, May G. The Mexican destroyer Yaqui is in disabled condition off the coast of Lower California five hundred miles south of here A tug is enroute to the scene to tow the Yaqui to Santa Resale. The cause of the break down is unknown here.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Inquiry Promised.

SAN FRANCISCO, May 6.-Her- bert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, in a message to The Associated Press today said the administration direct inquiry into the whole ques- ton of rulings made by the previous administration on the language test of the La Toilette Seamen s Act
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Fifteen Injured in Coal
 Mine Explosion in Mexico

EAGLE PASS, Tex, May Eff teen men. including an American engineer were seriously injured in coal mine explosion at Rosita, Mexico, according to reports re ceived here today.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
SUES FOR A DIVORCE

Bert Bentsen today filed suit in the United States District Court for divorce from Louise H. Bentsen The principals are residents of Hoonah.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
BUDGET MEASURE PASSED BY HOUSE
Continued from Page One)

proposed bonuses was introduced.
 Senator William s. Kenyon of Iowa introduced a bill to create new government department of public agencies dealing with former serv- ice men. The functions of the pro posed department also would include public welfare, public health, social service, children's bu reau and veterans service.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Sim Fein Leaders Shot
 And Killed by Soldiers

DUBLIN, May 6.-Patrick Ma loney, prominent official of the Irish Republican Army and M. Duff fy, Sim Fein leader, were shot and Filled today in a fight with mili- tary police who had surrounded a farm house in Gurthrum, County Tipperary, suspected of concealing wanted men.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Electrical Workers at
 Portland Refuse Wage Cut

PORTLAND, Ore, May -Elec- trical workers here have joined painters and sheet metal workers in refusing to accept the ten per cent wage reduction fixed by arbitration
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Princess Mary to Sail.

Princess Mary to Sail.
 SEATTLE, May 6. - Mail for Southeastern Alaska, delayed by the cancellation of the sailings ot the steamships City of Seattle and Alameda, will be carried north on the Canadian Pacific steamship Prin- cess Mary sailing from Vancouver today.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06

tugs to carry men from secret re- cruiting depots to ships in the har- bor. claim the situation is well in hand.
 Picketing of piers by union men continues.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Headquarters for Ladysmith Coal Juneau Transfer Co. Phone lS. adv

DON'T MISS the Goody Sale by the Ladies Altar Society in the Valentine Building Saturday after noon. adv
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
Subchasers Ready.

Subchasers Ready
 BALTIMORE, May 6.-Three sub chasers attached to the Naval Acad- emy at Annapolis are ill readiness to sail to Baltimore to meet any situation arising from the marine srtike Each has a machine gun mounted and carries crew of twenty men.
 The local United States Shipping Board Director of Operations today said that the police force is made uuate to handle the situation here.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
British Lockout On.

LONDON, May 6.-Shipping com
 panies today began a lockout of 30,- 900 sca-going stewards and cooks because of their refusal to accept seventeen per cent wage cut. The Transport Workers Federation has promised to support the cooks and stewards in their stand.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
STEAMER MOVEMENTS

Now Bound North lATOUCHE due Saturday be- tweeh 2 and a. m.
 Scheduled SaiIinos PRINCESS ALICE leaves Van couver May 2. AlAMEDA-No definite date is set. CITY OF SEATTlE-Indefin ly postponed.
 southbound saIilnus ADMIRAL WATSON south bound May g. NORTHWESTERN southbound May 10.
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06

Jitney Saturday night,
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
ASKS U. s. TO AID IN RESTORATION ALASKAN SERVICE
Steamship Company Hoping to Man Northern Vessels
 with Naval Engineers.

(Continued From Page One.J
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06
SHARP TILT IN
 THE SENATE IN
 EARLY MORNING
Sudden Breaking of Deadlock and New Bill Starts Things
 Going Lively.

Continued from page one,)
The Alaska daily empire., 1921-05-06

After these formalities were dis posed of. the Senate adjourned.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

ries several wives in order to live
off their labor, keeping them prac-
tically slaves in order to have them
support him. In this case the first
woman he marries will insist on his
marrying second, and the second
will demand d third, SO that the
labor of supporting him may be
lightened. A condition of this kind
not only means actual slavery, but
means perhaps as much degradation
for a>woman as can be found.
We are, Of course, apt to criticize
these conditions from our more ad-
vanced civilizatory and economic con-
dition. In this respect we may be
often too harsh critics Of our for
bears or of certain of our contenl-
poraries.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Real Marriages Unknown

The times were hard for both men
and women, and they produced a
mentality Of a very low degree. Any
problem that arose was solved in the
simplest possible manner by straight
from the shoulder blows and other
forms Of direct action. What we
term marriage was, of course, un-
known in those days, simply because
that institution is of much later
origin. Marriage requires a COM
paratively well established society
IN which property is recognized, and
perhaps one of the first forms of
property was the wife.
This brings US to condition Of
society in which woman has lost out
on her earlier strength and indie
pendence; in which she is considered
the chattel to be disposed of at the
pleasure Of her master. Just how
long this period lasted no one knows,
slthough we have some idea of Che
iiliquities and cruelties which woman
suffered during this comparatively
long regime. She had. turned from
an independent and self-providing
individual to helpless and owned
chattel. We have no idea how much
women suffered, and it may perhaps
be well for us that we have no full
knowledge of the extent of the in
famies endured by her. 1t is, at any
rate, well that our emancipated
women do not know it, because being
naturally inclined to accuse the
males Of all kinds Of injustices their
fury might be redoubled ig they had
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
a fair knowledge Of the sufferings of
their ancestors.
Marriage Necessitates Divorce


With marriage there came in some
KIND of divorce, because marriage
implied some form of social recogni~
tion of the bond existing between a
certain man and woman, and this
meant that some sort Of social recog
milton must be given to their separa
ton. The forms and the causes for
divorce have varied almost infinitely
and cannot even be approached here.
Suffice it to say that divorces always
have been numerous until in Euro
pean society the Church set her face
against it.
The prescription Of divorce did
not, OF course, mitigate the suffer
lngs Of those who were unhappilv
married, and no one can tell how
many nlismated women and men
were wearing out their hearts in a
futile attempt to appear happy, or
at least to bear patiently the woke
Al41l'oeSu upon CneIn.
With advancing civilization a new
sense of happiness has arisen. Peo-
pie feel less inclined to put the
cause Of their sufferings upon some
divine power or on an implacable
fate. They recognize that human
causes are the basis Of all their
sui1erings. Owing to very much
finer development Of the brain and Of
the whole nervous system under the
stimulus Of better quality and
larger quantity of food, people have
become much more sensitive to GER
tain forms of suffering. Formerly
suffering was chiefly physical, and
the cave man knew hardly any other
form. Physical forms Of suffering
have become more numerous owing
to the great sensitiveness Of our
nervous system. In addition to
these, we have psychological forms,
which have increased both in extent
and intensity with advancing civil
lization. With the numerous mis-
matings which still occur, these con-
dltlons have produced larger
amount of suffering along these par
ticular lines than was ever possible
in the times of the cave man. What
is to be done with these people?
Necessity for Divorce
Divorce is apparently the only
remedy. But this was denied peo-
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Demand Individual Liberty

Even stricter and more uniform
marriage laws will not remedy the
situation, if the psychological factors
are not removed. 1t is these which
have produced an unrest in the mar
riage relation as well as in indus
trial life. 1t may be well to indicate
these factors briefly,
The whole modern world is per-
meated by desire for individual
liberty. Each person wants to count
as an integral unit in a whole and
wants to be respected as an indi-
Vidual per Sc. The battle for social
emancipation in the past has been
along these lines. More and more
people object to external restrainr
and desire to be controlled by their
own lnclinations. Both of these ten
dencies arc perfectly legitimate pro-
vided always that the individual is
of the right kind. and imbued with
the proper inclinations.
The difficulty is, of course, that
comparatively few people have
reached this advanced stage. We are
still in the transition stage and still
intoxicated with the new wine Of
liberty, especially the women, who
formerly condoned many evils in
their husbands meekly and submis-
sively, but who now want an ideal
husband, graced with those princi-
pies and qualities which exist only in
novels. For the first time within
historic periods women do the choos-
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Causes Are Many

Only a few of these conflicts need
be mentioned by way Of illustration.
South Carolina allowed divorce only
from 1872 to 1878, and neither be-
fore nor after. In fifty-one states
and territories full divorce is per
mitted; in twenty-one Of them sep
aration from bed and board" is also
allowed. The legal causes for di-
vorce vary from one in New York
State to fourteen in New Hamp-
shire. Forty-two states have ad-
nitted drunkenness as sufficient
cause for divorce. This cause ought
now to disappear entirely since the
introduction of national prohibition.
Twenty-one states admit fai IRE to
provide for wife or family a sufi-
clent reason to dissolve the marriage
bond. In three states vagrancy may
serve as cause for divorce. And
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

consuls," practice not at all dis
similar to our modern American
question, Glow many times has she
been divorccd?" in the case Of some
OF our actresses.
in consequence, as the Church got
q stronger hold OH marriage and
came to influence the state, divorces
were becoming less and less fire.
quent, the result being that many
injustices We're inflicted on innocent
people. No matter how vicious and
diseased a husband might be, the
wife was compelled to continue as
his mate. Only within recent times
were separations permitted.
During the French Revolution
divorces were secularized, and this
practice gradually spread through
Europe. The tendency has been TO
secularize both marriage and divorce
and to make both marriage and
divorce laws more uniform, at least
in Europe. Germany, for instance,
reduced the marriage and divorce
laws of the Federated States to an
imperial law in 1900. Even England
has within recent times eased up on
the stringency Of it's older divorce
laws.
Our own country has always been
more lenient in it's attitude toward
divorce. The Federal Constitution
gave the states complete control over
marriage and divorce. The result
was that in 1907 we had, including
Hawaii and Porto Rico, tifty-one diff
ferent divorce codes--the inhar-
monious and conflicting features of
which are scandal to all clear
thinking and right-minded people.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Mans Equal a. First

We are apt to confuse the weak
ness Of the woman which appeared
Guch later in history with TIE
earlier stages, where she is about
mans equal In strength. This was
the natural condition, inherited
from the animal ancestors. The
lion may be stronger than the
lioness, and the male gorilla may be
stronger than the female, but
neither the king of the beasts nor
the king OF the apes will tackle a
full-grown female, and that was
plainly the condition among early
human beings.
We need not, consequently, waste
ZOO much sympathy on her ladyship
Of the cave, because she was equally
crude and was perfectly willing to
follow the victor after battle, hardly
ever hemoaning the fact that her
previous lord and master was dead.
This Is 8 custom which has SUE
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
The Cave Woman Could Swing Nasty Shillalah Her
DR.. Binder, Of New York Universsiity
Explodes Some Pretty Theories
About Our Ancestors

ing and the loosing and It is en-,
wonder that they are availing b.s la.s'
selves Of IAN opportunity whiob =. :.
merly was granted chiefly /. ~ -
males. The men are, of course. d. y
iarly affected by the new sifHs+;.. 49,.
and resort more frequently d a n
vorce than they did formerly 49,, :
social conditions discountenanesd /; !.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
There Were Blows to Receive as
Well as Give When the Cave
Man Went Awooing

vfved to this very day among q
Isnumber Of savage people, and it
shows that on her part there was
NO Y idca of love and loyalty, but only
| Of creature comforts. The male
who proved strongest in battle was
Likely to prove the better provider.
She was, If she desired, fully able to
repel an unwelcome suitor and seek
one she wanted.
Between the earliest period Of
practically complete lack Of reguls-
ton TO the later period CT regulation
by monogamy there are number
Of intermediary stages which resem-
bic to a large extent, from the point
of view Of psychological condition,
the situation found among cave
people, a. period in which the club
does not stand out as prominently
| In our own minds as it does with the
save people, but when it was used,
Isneyertheless, fairly literally. The
psychological conditions were, how
ever worse if anything during this
period, especially for the women.
Early Marriages
| Perhaps the first form of regula-
/! ton was temporary pairing, which
i was taken over from some of the
higher mammals. It means, that
male and female feel attracted to
each other and associate with each
other for q season or two, or maybe
longer if the association proves nlu-
tually agreeable. AS rule these
associations lasted at least for the
time while the babies were very
small and needed the protection Of
both parents. Out of this primitive
form there. arose in the course of
time three fairly distinct principal
marriage systems-polyandry, po-
/ lygyny and monogany, with several
subdivisions.
Polyandry means the marriage of
one woman to several men, who may
be related to each other or not. This
/ form of marriage means the high
tide in women's condition among
| earlier peoples, because it is equiva-
lent to matriarchy, or women's rule
The woman was in this case practi-
cally the only stable element in the
family. All traditions, usages and
customs not only cantered around
her, but were in many cases initi-
ated by her. The husbands were in
I many cases members Of the tribe
from which they came and were
looked upon more or less as visitors
in the clan Of. the wife. Owing to
the uncertainty Of paternity the
children took the mothers name and
this was an additional reason for
her strong hold OH the family, MAX
! ing her the mainstay Of early So
ciety. This period soon passed,
however, and is now confined to
smaller populations, such as that of
Tibet and few other inconspicuous
races.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Polyandry and PoIygyny

Polyandfy was, OF course, caused
by polygyny. The strong, warlike
nations went out on raids and ex-
petitions and captured whatever
women they could. This made a
scarcity of women among the un-
warlike peoples, and the latter had
to resort to polyandry. The reason
for this is that males and females
in the human species are about
equally divided, because, although
there is slightly larger percentage
Of boys born than girls, the ratio
in the adult stage is about fifty to
fifty. Thus monogamy would event
ually become the natural condition.
Under polygyny woman suffered
perhaps the most abject treatment
ever nleted out to her, because she
was almost, literally speaking, used
for just one purpose. When she no
longer gave satisfaction along sex
lines she was in many cases cast
out or left TO shift FOR herself. If
she had any dignity at all this treat
ment would have certainly killed it.
We are acquainted only with the
higher forms Of polygyny, such as
we find it in harems and selamliks.
Both are possible only in a society
economically we'll advanced, and
are even there maintained only by
the rich ard the powerful, who have
to maintain a certain dignity by
ostentatious display. One form of
| this display consists noe only in
having many wives, but in having
fairly spacious and luxurious quar-
ters for them.
The only thing that a woman gets
under these conditions is creature
comforts, unless she happens to be
the favorite Of the owner. Further
back in history. polygy1ly was, Of
course, infinitely worse, because the
woman not only mad no creature
comforts but perhaps had as brutal
treatment as a male could mete
cut to her.
Loves Power of Protection
Owing to sexual selection the
weaker women had been gradually
chosen. They had been kept in SUBJ
mission and had lost good deal Of
their early physical ability to look
after themselves.
Woman was consequently no
longer able to protect herself, as
she had been able in the age Of the
Cave Man. A few traces of this
earlier and lower form Of polygyny
we find to this day among certain
African tribes, where man mar-
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Necessity for Divorce

Divorce Is apparently the only
remedy. But this was denied peo.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06
Cause of Church's Stand

Roughly speaking, divorce was Of
tlcially not discountenanced if the
marriage proved failure. In prac
tice, however, divorces were not as
frequent as one might expect, SIM
ply because habit and custom made
people hesitate to form new al
liances. This was the case, for in
stance, among the ancient Hebrews.
where divorce was officially easy but
IN practice infrequent. The early
Christian Church was driven to an
extreme position as a reaction
against the frequent divorces in the
later Roman Empire. Women in the
latsr times Of Rome used to "reckon
their age by husbands, instead of by
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

pie before the modern age came in.
For perhaps 1900 years the Church
frowned upon all divorces, and, as is
we'll known, the Roman Catholic
Church even now does net permit
divorces officially, although annul-
ments are getting to be more fire.
quent. This attitude on the part of
the Church was caused by consider
ing marriage a sacrament rather
than a civil contract, although both
before and after the reign of the
Church marriage was considered
more in the nature of civil con-
tract than a sacrament.
Reviewing the history of divorce
briefly, we find that the family was
looked upon as civil institution.
The state considered it, consequent
ly, as part of the general social
scheme and found that it was not to
the benefit of either party, of the
children or of society as whole, to
keep two people yoked together who,
for some reason, were untitled for
llfe's partnership.
Among uncivilized peoples there is
considerable amount of equity, JUS
tice and fair-mindedness shown. In
case of divorce the sons were left
with the father, the daughters with
the mother-for instance, among
our own Natchez Indians. In other
cases the children of tender age were
left with the mother, while the older
ones were left with the father. In
still other cases, where children were
considered burden they went with
the guilty party, and where they
were considered a blessing they
went with the innocent party.
New-York tribune., 1921-02-06

TF the Gaze man 2Oas rough,
K the c0ve 2Com02, os Dr..
Binder points out, 20aS
equally so and perfectly
capable Of repaeIsjng unweJ-
come attentions