davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-06-26

is and will remain the natural sphere for
German industrial expansion. Despite all
that other nations may do, it is Germany
which will win most of the economic prizes
when Russia comes back into the circle of
civilized nations again. But if German i'm
perialism seeks to make political annexation
the accompaniment of industrial expansion
then the edifice will be wrecked a second
time.
The real obstacle to Franco German peace
is not Alsace-Lorraine or even the Sarre, but
Poland. France has assumed the position of
protector OF Poland because i'm the Polish al
lance lies the sole method of bridging the
gap between French and German man pow
er. But one may question how far the
French championship of Poland would go,
once the questi Of French security from
German attack were established. The most
useful contribution the Western nations
could make to the Improvement Of Franco
German relations to the preservation of
Franco German peace, which In reality
means the peace of the world would be the
clear demonstration to. the German mind
that an attack upon France would mean
not 1870 or even 1914, but 1918 again.
If we have done with the soldier. we are
all of us still struggling with the sense of
the politician as the dominating factor In
the world situation, but in reality. he, too,
has abdicated. 1t is true In the United
States where Mr.. Hughes and Mr.. Hoover
are very frankly shaping our foreign policy
in conformity With our economic and hnan-
cial interests; it is true in Great Britain to
superlative degree. Less completely but not
less plainly the same influences are regain
ing control in France and In Germany.
When we have an association of nations,
whether the old league, the present Supreme
Council or some brand new international
conference, it will be Big Business and High
Finance which will dominate it and that
domination will be directed at imposing
peace upon the world
The severest criticism of the Paris settle
ment has always been that it was made by
soldiers and politicians without regard to
economic and industrial circumstances, and
that as q consequence 1t promoted interna-
tiona chaos instead of restoring world peace
But the events of recent weeks and months
have very clearly demonstrated that the
peace terms are to be applied by the leaders
of the financial and economic world and not
by soldiers or politicians. This means COM
promise and adjustment in many directions,
it means modification, not in terms but in
practice. And of all of the things which 1t
means. none is more important or more
striking than that which is indicated by the
meeting between Loucheur and Rathenau.
Copyright. 1921, by Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
Bx FRANK H. SIMONDS.

TIME meeting between Louis Loucheur'
member of the present BRAND Capl-
net and a survivor of the Clemenceau
DAYS. when he was a conspicuous figure III
the Paris conference, and of Walter Rath-
enau a member Of the present Wirth Caoi-
net in Germany, has served to set many
rumors af1oat as to the possibility of an I'M
provement of Franco German relations
What is significant beyond all else IN tne
meeting of these two men is that. althoush
momentarily political figures they nave
been and remain primarily the representa-
tives of what we in America call big
Business"
Let us recognize frankly at the beginning
that if there be any possibility of an improve
ment of relations between France ana Ger
many. il must come from the side OF pusi-
ness and not of politics. Still if the pohtical
consequences of the world war and its sub
seouent settlements have been to ouiid up
new barriers between France and Germany,
TO add new volume to the vast mass or
hatreds enduring from old times, it is not
less plain that the economic results have
been such as almost to impose necessity
of cooperation.
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
CONSUMPTION Win Die Out
I'm Germany Under Disarmament

Not before 1894 at the earliest can Ger
many undertake the task of reconstructing
her military forces. and this represents a
span Of fifteen years and half between the
surrender of November IL, 1918, and the
moment when reconstruction can begin. But
in this time most OF the military leaders of
the last war will have died been retired
by age. OF the soldiers who then made up
the German army, the rank and file, all but
the youngest classes will have become inca
pactated by age. The boys Of 90 who served
in the closing phases Of the final campaign
will he we'll over 35.
And in their places no other classes will
have been trained. II is true that there have
been and will continue to be evasions of the
disarmament clauses. but these evasions will
not exceed insignificant details. For fifteen
years there will be no conscript army, the
youth will not be called Moreover, il is fool
lsh N imagine that any attempt by clandes-
tine methods to enforce national training
will fail to awaken domestic protest such as
must excite international protest and inter-
ference.
one may conclude, then. quite accurately,
first that any prospect Of an immediate Ger
nan attack Is preposteroIs. Every French
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
With Area p Times Great Mother Country and Aggregate
lation of 58OO0OOO Future Looks Bright Indeed

follow the Basque fishermen into the boreal
seas pursuing the whale and stopping on
the coasts of Maine; one would have to fol-
lew the Norman sailors on their adventur-
Gus cruises to the Occidental coast of Africa,
or the Rochelle sailors to the coasts of Bra
zil, or Duplex to India, Cartier and Cham
plain to the Saint Lawrence and the Missis-
sppi.
1t was really in 1880 that the era of
Frances colonial policy commenced, ushered
in by the famous Algerian expedition, mark
ing the beginning of civilization in Africa
This Algerian conquest is said to have been
the result of the Dey of Algiers's affront to
a representative of France. but the causes
leading up to this affront are to be found
in the anachronism of piracy existing on
the Medfterranean-the cradle OF civiliza-
tion--and the incident of the fan" but
started the expedition that destroyed the
hornets nest.
To-day Algiers is one of the most mag
nifcent ports in the world and Algeria one
of the most beautiful and fertile regions
known. giving without counting. like a rich
and generous person. of her agricultural and
mineral riches Her native population col
laborates in administrative and govern
mental works; religion and customs are re-
spected; trades and artisanship are develop
ing: roads, railways ports, the most perfect
economic utilities grow in number, thus
Transforming this land OF barbarism and
slavery.
Not more than half a century ago tramc
of slaves flourfshed in Africa. BY the door
of Algeria France entered the dark con-
tinent: means of communication we're estab-
lshcd and the slave traffic disappeared
II the incident Of the fan" conducted
France quickly to her establishment in Al
geria. consecutive events caused her to
assume preponderant part In Tunisia,
part she could not leave to the care OF others.
1t is true that her interests in this country
date back several centuries. the Consul oil
France having had preeminence at the
Reylical Court since 1865. Under the Second
Empire Italian intrigue almost replaced this
preeminence Renewed provocations re-
manning unpunished by the Beylical Gov
ernment caused France TO send a punitive
expedition in 1881. and the outcome was the
establishment of the French protectorate.
Frances regime OF protectorate con-
ceived by her according to the laws ST
Humanitarian principles is most gentle and
paternal: the native population governs and
administrates itself guided. counselled and
protected by France.
In less than thirty years desolste and
ruined regions, dangerous for travel. have
been transformed into lands Of progress:
Tunisia has again become fertile as in the
days of the splendors Of Carthage. IL on
the Acropois the pyramidal cypress trees
no longer shelter the temple OF Eschmones
we see enchanted gardens and villas. as
beautiful as any past splendors, on the
shores of the Lake OF Tunis and of the gulf
surrounded by mountains. and everywhere
from soussa to Sfax and khairouan!
The New York herald., 1921-06-26

man knows that Germany cannot to-day at
tack, that her disarmament has reached a
point where it would be nothing short of
suicide for her to challenge the army of
Foch. Such a German enterprise would
merely provoke destruction far within Ger
man territory; it would be Essen, Dusseldorf
Cologne, Frankfort, which would suffer. not
French cities.
IL in 1884 Germany, her soil evacuated
should undertake to arm herself, she would
her citizens who would have no desire to un-
dertake anew the old burdens of armed
peace And political opposition at home
would advertise abroad her purpose, and the
consequences would be a prompt attack by
those neighbors who would not for single
moment sit supine and allow Germany a new
opportunity to repeat her preparations
which led to the invasions of 1914.
However much one may weigh the hopes
and the aspirations of masses of the Ger
man people to undo by violence if necessary
the decisions of Paris, it seems to me clear
that a full generation must pass before the
thing is conceivably possible. And a full gen.
GRAFTON in which preparation for war is at
best secret and circumscribed. means
change in the sentiment of the mass of the
people. This is what happened in France in
the years following 1870. On the morrow of
the defeat most Frenchmen and most Euro
peans looked for a prompt French attack,
but no attack came. On the contrary, year
by year it became more and more certain
that France would never by her own action
bring new German war; even to redeem,
her lost provinces.
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
French People Don't Wish
Disruption of Germany

In sum- it seems to me inevitable that
with the passing of years two things will
take place: First, German inability to make
successful attack upon France will in
crease by reason of the operation of the
disarmament clauses of the Treaty of YER
salles. Second, with the growth of habit
Of disarmament, with the disappearance of
the custom of calling the youths of 20 an
nually, there will develop distaste and a
dislike for obligatory military service Above
all. there will develop a national opposition
to such an expansion of military effort as
would be necessary to permit an attack upon
Germanys western neighbors, France, Bel
GUM and Holland, and one must recognize
that the new frontiers of Germany impose
upon her the necessity of using Dutch as
well as Belgian soil if she is to dispose of
her French foe.
And such development in Germany must
have its corresponding effect in France. APP
prehension natural and totally justified ap-
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
Slight Prospect of New War
Between France and Germany

And exactly in the same way, not only
French Big Business, or rather Finance, but
the Big Business of the world exercising
restraining influence upon France, will
operate to make impossible the adoption of
French policy which might drive Germany
into a which would mean national sui
eide. We shall have incidents, quarrels ulti-
matums, strained hours and every sort of
alarums, just as we have had them in the
past, but the prospect of an armed collision
between France and Germany in the life
time of any mature person now alive is
slight and growing sghter.
The future of Germany. from the indus
trial and economic point of view does not
and cannot lie in new adventures in the
West, either in a fresh attack upon France
or in a new challenge to Britain on the high
seas. 1t must be sought along the, Danube
and perhaps on the Vistula. Central Europe
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
Many Reasons Why Teutons Will Not Attack
the French Again, So Quiet in Europe
Seems Sure for Generation

prehension on the French side of the Rhine,
must slowly yield to the passing of years in
which German capacity and will to make
war, to repeat the aggressions of 1870 and
1914. must steadily diminish. Even the
wounds of the recent war will heal with
time, and having healed will cease to supply
a visible and stirring appeal to passion and
to legitimate anxiety
So much for the French sentiment. Now
as to German fear that France seeks the dis
ruption of Germany. In the first place, this
is not the desire of the mass of the French
people, even though it be the text of a few
of the professional patriots of the sort which
exists in every nation and in our own coun-
try would launch us upon conquering
march to Mexico city and upon a policy
which would establish our southern bound
airy, for the moment at least at the Colon
bian frontier of the Republic of Panama.
The fact is that the mass of the French
people are not enlisted upon such an adj
venture, and the sentiment in all other coun
tries would avail to prevent the application
of such a policy were the French eager to
apply/it. Britain Italy, even the United
States, accepts the view that Germany will
and should survive the last war as united
nation. The return to France, Poland and
Denmark of territories wrongfully taken in
other years represents the maximum of ter
ritorial punishment which these three ma
tions will consent to. German unity, with
these limitations, has survived and will sur
vive the dangers of the war and the war
settlement.
What seems reasonable to expect is that
with time the keen edge will disappear from
most if not all the material causes for fric-
ton. When the allied armies leave the
Rhine, when the Sarre episode is terminated,
when German reparations payments have
largely contributed to bringing about the re-
construction of the ruins of Northern France,
when German disarmament has endured for
a decade and a half one may expect a differ
ent attitude on both sides of the Rhine. And
in the making of this new attitude the most
important positive element is bound to be
the economic and industrial nterdependence
of the two countries a consequence of the
iron and coal situations of the two nations.
There is. an element in the German sftua-
ton which it seems to me it would be folly
The New York herald., 1921-06-26

ticians much less by soldiers; the ultimate
guarantee of peace must be found outside
of both groups; it must be found, on the one
hand in the instructive hostility of the
masses of people for war, which lays upon
them the heavy burdens and demands or
them the gravest sacrifices, and, on the
other, upon those captains of finance and IN
dustry whose whole cosmos is ruined by
conflict.
To me the meeting of Loucheur and
Rathenau seems significant beyond most
which has happened since the Treaty or
Versailles was Signed The significance does
not lie in what was done or not done, but
the meeting Itself is symbolical Of what Is
taking place in Europe and in the world to-
day. Finance and business are essentially
shared the view of the rest of the business
world of this planet. there would have been
no world war, because, at the final hour, Ger
man business would have ntervened and
the politician and the soldier would have
been compelled to yield But German busi-
ness had already surrendered TO the soldier
and the politician, who were at best only its
tools.
Now Germany has not been admitted to
the League of Nations or to the Supreme
Council, but German Big Business has re-
occupied place in the economic supreme
council of the world, which is an unofficial
body but not less potent because of this
fact Certainly German business will seek
to free Germany from every chain imposed
by the Treaty of Versailles; assuredy it will
pursue national and patriotic ends, which
are also economic and selfish, but only
within the limits which represent action
without war
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
France Finds Her Benefcent Genius
In Sarrsut, Minister of CoIonie

From colonial point of view France also
has found her benefcent genius in Albert
Sarraut the present Minister OF Colonies.
With his spirit of energy and organization
there is no doubt that the light of prosperity
will soon shine on air French colonies and
protectorates.
The importance of Frances colonial do
mnions is but insufficienty known. though
after Great Britain's it is second to none.
The French colonies comprise 1l,s4S,904
square kilometers-i e., the equivalent of
the areas of the United States and Alaska
put together. twenty two times that of
France and with native population of
So, 100000.
From an economic point OF view 1t is not
known widely enough that the French colo
nies offer great markets, open to industrial
and commercial activities, and that ra-
tional exploitation of their animal, vcge-
table and mineral wealth may have incal-
culable results. Furthermore, only those
well informed in international finance know
that the commercial turnover of the French
colonial empire was 6.6S1 100000 francs in
1920, and that 1t might be tenfold.
Two of the few who have this under
standing and vision, and who are experts in
finance, gave a few days ago, and almost
simultaneously, their opinions OF the great
value OF the French colonies Otto II. Kahn,
in the Mdtin (Paris). writes that In his
opinion one OF the most interesting factors
in the comeback Of France would be the de-
velopment OF her vast and immensely rich
colonial empire Henry K. Cooper, vice pres
ident Of the Equitable Trust Company OF
New York says in the Paris edition Of
THE New York HERALD that France, with
her reconauered territories and her colonies,
is. as concerns raw materials and capacity
of production, becoming a power In the
world which few Americans realize and all
Frenchmen ignore.
To write the history Of French COLOMBIA
ton one would have to go back TO five CEN
turtles before the discovery of America by
Christopher Columbus. One would have to
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
Pacifying Influence of France
Brings Notable Results in Morocco

At the western extremity of the Atlas
Mountain chain. which separates fertile
North Africa from the desert. Is Morocco
the ancient storehouse of abundance OF
Rome reduced by centuries Of sinister occu-
patton by the Berber dynasty to state OF
lethargy. from which II was awakened only
few years ago, to become again treasure
house Of abundance, this time for Greater
France Here also the influence Of France
is felt as psclfying power trying to guide
the Msghreb TO the road or civilization,
while respecting his autonomy.
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
France, by Return of Mines,
Is Europe's Great Iron Nation

To take single example, the most strik-
ing and the most important. Before the war
Germany and France produced about the
same quantity of iron and their production
accounted for more than half of the total or
Europe while the reserves of the two
nations constituted well above half of the
known iron resources of the European con-
tinent The war has resulted in the return
to France of the larger portion of the Ger
man iron reserves, which were, in fact, taken
from France by Germany in 1871. To-day
France is prospectively the great iron ma
ton of Europe.
But it was in Germany and not in France
that the iron industry had it's great expan-
sion. Very large portions of the French iron
were exported to Germany before the war
Germany and not France to-day possesses
the huge iron and steel centres which COM
pare with our own Pittsburgh district. Ger
tainly one must expect great expansion IN
French iron and steel industry in the future.
But the fact remains that France lacks coal,
which Germany possesses. Before the war
Germany had both coal and iron. Hence
forth she is dependent upon France for iron,
but France is not less dependent upon Ger
many for coal.
Thus in one of the most important phases
of industry France and Germany are hence
forth mutually dependent If for period OF
years German coal will flow to France as
the most important detail in the reparations
payments even this benefit must end in time
and when that time comes France Will have
to find a basis for obtaining coal from Ger
many, just as Germany must now seek some
way of obtaining iron from France. She can
not go outside of French fields for the sim
nle reason that the cost would be prohibitive.
But the river and canal systems of the
Rhine the Moselle and the Sarre supply an
easy, cheap and ready means of cheap trans
portation between the two countries. Metz
on the Moselle, Strasbourg on the Rhine
Saarbrshcken on the Sarre, these are destined
to be great centres in the transit trade oil
the future and these three rivers highways
of exchange between the two nations.
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
By DIR. CUsTAvE DE LA JARRIE.

Annamite proverb says: "Navigat-
II ing a river, one has TO follow its
turnings; entering house one must
follow its customs In governing her CO.
lonial possessions France has always fol-
lowed this counsel observing two essentials
the part of the natives g. e., their Gus
toms) and the part of the legislator d e.,
the law.
For France the penetration of civilization
means her best and superior gifts. without
destroying the racial attributes of the an
nexed peoples. In fact, she considers that,
no matter how inferior race may be, this
people is nevertheless conscious of certain
rudimentary science demanding comparison
with what is offered in place of it.
One must not forget that the native is
the living incarnation of the earth that nour-
ishes and protects him, and that he is iden-
titled with it's soil and its productions. BY
virtue OF his native ntutions he has, after a
long struggle, become master of nature
which has been the object of his daily OBJ
out being able to transform it scientifically.
French colonizers and colonial administra-
tors-all those who are interested in colonial
expansion, understanding its Importance and
having vision like Ferry. Doumer, Galieni,
Lyautey-understand that what is true in
the material is also true in the ideal. There
fore the colonial regime of France is based
on respect of the individuality and moral
conscience of the natives as we'll as their
physical persons. That is why France is
beloved by all her subjects.
The New York herald., 1921-06-26
the Transformations
In the Upper Niger Region

recall the great JOY l felt when, twenty
five years ago, leaving Paris to go to Sene-
gala with the intention of exploring the
upper Niger, / was at last starting on the
voyage that 4 had dreamed of so long.
The prospect of penetration into the still
mysterious Soudan, of seeing Timbuctoo,
city forbidden to the white races, finding the
possibility OF turning the commerce of the
Soudan to Senegalia, and by the very fact
of this penetration permitting the French
to continue alone the work commenced in
concert with the English, namely The
abolition OF the slave traffic and slavery.
still hourishing in Central Africa all this
exalted my JOY, made me impatient to ar
rive.
Timbuctoo is no longer the forbidden city
the Niger is no longer furrowed by natives
pirogucs only. but steamers as well. flying
the French flag, navigate from Barimasso
to the fallA OF Boussac, which is more than
1900 kilometers carrying all the products
OF these regions, these products to be sent
To Saint Louis or Dakar by railroad.
The prosperity of this country. still un-
organized twenty years ago. grows day by
day. Institutions are founded and one OF
the most useful and astonishing Is the med
ical college of French Occidental Africa, the
functoning of which is followed with the
greatest attention by the Minister OF the
Colonies. Native physicians and pharma :
cists' aids and mdwves are prepared in this
college and have a great work before them