Albuquerque morning journal., 1921-12-29

ed by this eventuality, no NOR
than we are apprehensive of tn
fact that the fleets of the othe
friendly nations, the United State
and Japan, will be considerably in
creased in comparison with ou
fleet.
Why then. they say, is a sub
marine fleet such as demanded b
France a necessity for her? d
we quibble over needs of others
Do we call into question their pos
sible intentions? Do We suspec
them? Assuredly we shall not d,
So"
M. Sarraut said that the theor,
that there is an inevitable an,
/ necessary correlation between wha
we are Obliged to do and what ou
neighbors would then deem them
selves Obliged to do" could not b.
asserted without his asserting tn,
contrary" He added that TIL,
French group did not admit alst
that there was logical correla
tion" between capital ships anC
submarine tonnages.
Guided by Needs.
THAT is an abstract rule which
you thought you ought to lay dowr
here" he continued. "But we hav,
shown that we could not recogniz,
1t. We are guided by our needs
duly stated, proved, legitlmized. d
is this rule. and no other thought
which dominates our feelings sf
the submarine question"
It was in his rejoinder to this
speech of M. Sarraut that Mr.. Bal
four sought to show the menace
Great Britain saw in the French
submarine program. At the con-
clusion of his remarks he said he
regretted having been compelled
to insist on an aspect Of the ques-
tion which he gladly would have
left undealt with"
Mr.. Balfour added that he did
not yield to M Sarraut "in his
conviction that the good feeling
existing between his country and
their great ally across the channel
would remain mistaken through all
the changes which time might
bring" He then turned the dis
cussion to the American proposal
to limit the size and armament of
auxiliary ships.
For the japanese. Mr.. Hanihara
said there was no essential objec-
tion" to the limitation of callber
of guns on light cruisers but wish
ed the opinion Of Admiral Baron
Kato and the discussion of this
point went over.
Hughes Calls on Root.
Mr.. Hughes then called on Mr..
Root for resolutions covering rules
OF warfare for submarines. They
were read by Mr.. Root as follows:
1.-THE signatory powers desir-
ing to make more effective the
rules adopted by civilized nations
for the protection Of lives of neu-
trails and non-combatants at sea In
time of war, declare that among
those rules the following are to be
deemed an established part of in
ternational law:
al. A merchant vessel must be
ordered to stop for visit and search
to determine its character before
1t can be captured. A merchant
vessel must not be attacked unless
II refuses to stop for visit and
search after warning. A merchant
vessel must not be destroyed unless
the crew and passengers have first
been placed in safety.
"2. Belligerent submarines are
not under any circumstances
exempt from the universal rules
above stated; and If submarine
cannot capture merchant vessel
In conformity with these rules. the
existing law of nations requires it
TO desist from attack and from
capture and to permit the mer-
chant vessel to proceed unmolested.
"The signatory powers invite the
adherence of all other civilized
powers to the foregoing statement
If established law to the end that
here may be clear public under
standing of the standards of con-
iuct by which the public opinion.
If the world is to pass judgment
IN future belligerents.
1.-THE signatory powers rec
,gnize the practical impossibility |
# using submarines as commerce
lestroyers without violating the
universally accepted
W civilized nations for the protec-
ion of the lives of neutrals and
lon-com ba tants and to the end
hat the prohibition of such use
hall be universally accepted as part
4 the law OF tns nations, they de-
lare their assent to such prohibit
lon and invite all other nations to
dhere thereto.
"III-The signatory powers. de-
iring to insure enforcement of
he humane rules declared by them
nth respect to the prohibition of
he use of submarines in warfare,
irther declare that any person in
ne service of any power adopting
ne rules who shall violate any of
ne rules adopted. Whether or not
ich person is under orders of
superior, shall be
eemed to have violated the laws
{ war and shall be liable to trial
nd punishment, as If for an act
[ piracy, and may be brought to
'ial before the civil or military
lthorities of any such powers
thin the jurisdiction of which he
lay be found"