davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
NO DECISION RENDERED
ON GREEN SWAMP ROAD.

Ordinary Edwin w. Dart spent yes
terday morning going over Green
swamp road. over which a controver
sy has arisen. both sides to the same
having been heard by him some days
ago. AS reported in these columns
Charlton Wright ct. al. petitioned the
ordinary to have the road re-opened
It had been closed by r. r. MacGreg
ora on what he alleges as his legal
right Both Mr.. MacCregor and Mr.
Wright were represented by attorneys
at the hearing and Ordinary Dart re
served his decision until after a per.
sonal visit 70 the road in question
After going there yesterday Judge
Dart deems il advisable TO confer
with the board OF county commission
ers regarding the matter and il may
b. after their meeting before a de-
cision Il rendered.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20

William Hart, of Sapelo. died at the
city hospital yesterday morning after
an illness extending over long peri
cd. Deceased was prominent In Sc
cret order circles being a member OF
the Masons and the Odd Fellows and
was held In high esteem by all who
knew him The body was prepared
for burial by Undertaken Miller and
will be sent to Darien where inter
ment win be held with Masonic hon
ors today. MIR. Hart was born IN
England. but has lived In America q
long number Of years. He was 81
years of age and has been in charge
of sapelo for the past Eve years.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
GREAT CELEBRATION
AT EMANUEL CHURCH.

The celebration held at Emanuel
church, near Fancy Bluff. Sunday was
most interesting in many ways and
scores were present and participated
Rev. Snyder, the pastor, delivered an
able sermon which was noted for it's
historical facts The, church is near
" one hundred years old and many Of
Glynn county's pioneer families have
worshipped there from generation to
generation. Several from Brunswick
attended the celebration, which was
called "home coming day.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
THE CLYDE STEAMER
LAKE GILBoA HERE.

The Clyde Line steamer, Lake Gil
boa, reached port yesterday with ?
cargo of merchandise for Brunswick
and interior points. 1t is said, and il
is to be hoped, that the return triI
of the ship viii be with a heavy car
go as efforts are being made to show
the managers of the line that the .peo-
pie of Brunswick appreciate the con
tinued service. shipment by the
line means really a boost for Bruins
wick
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
BOUNDING UP MANY
TAX DELINQUENTS,

Members of the police department
were busy yesterday in rounding up
street tax delinquents and many were
arrested. The city requires 50 per
annum for the great privilege of walk
ing the streets of this fair city and the
department is going to see that this
amount goes into the treasury.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
HANDSOME SIGNS IN AND
AROUND BRUNSWICK.

BY the energetic efforts of the
Wood Advertising Service, some of
the handsomest signs seen anywhere
are in and about Brunswick and while
the cost of these amounts to a large
um, this does not deter the service
from obtaining the very best The
signs near the corner OF
Union and Gloucester streets attracts
general attention. There is a big
clock On it and with electric lights all
ways on, the sign is really a conven-
'2ncp - the public, filling, as 1t does,
two fields-advertising and timekeep-
'ng.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
TRADE PUBLICATIONS
TO WRITE ABOUT CITY.

l.. Fl. Biggs, representing the South.
eastern Dry Goods Merchant and
the Southeastern Grocer, two trade
publications of Atlanta, Is in the city
and win spend several days here. Mr..
Biggs' business here is to exploit In
dustrial and commercial Brunswick
with a large share for the excellent
port facilities and has the cooperation
Of the Brunswick Board Of Trade and
other commercial organizations. The
articles win appear In both the publ
cations referred to and viii have wide
distribution.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
NEWS NOTES
Of General Interest
The TIDES.

High water 1O:40 a. m. and 1910
p. m. Low water 4:35 a. m. and 5:15
p. m. Outer bar. calculationsAab
a half hour later in the harbor.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20

We are proud Of the confidence doc
tors. druggists and the public have in
500 Chill and Fever Tonic.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
II. T. EVERS
1922 Oglethorpe Street.

Has now installed a modern
Woodworking Plant, and
will begin the manufacture
of auto truck bodies, cabs,
ETC., door and window
screens, mantel boards, in
fact anything in the wood
work line.
We will also operate a mod
srn blacksmith and horse.
shoeing shop.
NOTE: Furniture repaired
and shipped.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20

ssses vEs.ssy az sarvsr - ru-ify,as "a.
ssessAe sssss Nmea~ sssr esef - SAGE
- -.s---sa---@ 4--.-.s. ss--@ 49,
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1921-10-20
What's Your Time Worth?

WHEN you go to buy pair of boots, OF peas kitchen
cabinet you know exactly what you wanOr 10 you hOp
around" and take pot luck?
You many an hours time-and many good hard
hOar-by knowing beforehand what you want where get it,
and approximately how much it will cost
You always know this much before you enter store.
If it's clothing you know how well it should and what
the style should be. it's musical instrument you know
what expect in tone and workmanship. IFS carpet sweep
er, you know what kind of service il should give.
Merchants with established regulations for honesty the
best with whom to deal.
q Merchandise With established reputation is the best 10
The only way be Othe goods you 10 read The
advertisements in this paper regularly As practice it's far
better than rummaging around.
1t saves time. 1t saves money.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Coming Events

HAVE YOU HAD your letter from the
T-hiidrenfs gurpau7 If not, telephone 4sOs
and give your address
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
HERCULES POWDER CO.,
USING TREE ST JUMPS /
In the Manufacture of Naval
Stores Products Now Much
i'm Demand.

At the monthly luncheon of the Her
cules Club. yesterday, j. Il. Lockwood,
manager of the new Naval Stores Di-
vision of the Hercules Powder Co.. de-
livered an interesting and instructive
address OH the history of the naval
stores industry, it's present condition,
and future possibilities.
In acquiring the business of the Yar-
yam Rosin and Turpentine Co., he said,
the Hercules Powder Co. Is now an Am-
portant producer of so-called naval
stores, which consist of turpentine, rosin
and pine-oil, derived from the pine trees
of the south. The raw materials util-
lied by the Hercules Powder Co. are the
pine stumps and waste timber rich in
rosin that remain in the cut-over lands
after the lands have been denuded OF
their timber by the lumbermen or
storms. Hercules dynamite is used To
blast these stumps from the ground
Naval stores produced in this manner
are known as wood products as dis
tinguished from the gum products
manufactured from gum obtained from
the live pine trees. The latter was the
original method of obtaining turpentine
and rosin. At the present time. the
wood products comprise only about nj
teen per cent of the total production,
but on account OF the ever decreasing
supply of gum, the wood products viii
eventually be the principal supply OF
these valuable articles of commerce.
The value Of naval stores products
produced annually in the United States
at the present time Is out S5O,0OO,-
| 600. This is apt TO reach total of
| SIS, 900 900 per annum under normal
| conditions The United States produces
| so per cent or more of the total worlds
| supply of naval stores. Prior to the war
| 60 to SIS per cent of domestic production
was exported.
/ During the last few years rosin has
| become the principal naval stores pro-
| duct. IL is used in large quantities in
/ the manufacture OF soap, paper, paint
varnish, printing-fnk, and for many
| other miscellaneous purposes me
/ principal use Of turpentine Is IN the
/ paint and varnish industries. and Tor
/ the manufacture OF synthetic rubber
and camphor. Pine-oil is used largely
| in the flotation process for concentrat-
| ing ores OF various metals sucl as
copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver. II
| Is also used in the MANUFACTURES OF
pain. and varnish, disinfectants and
| chemicals.
The Hercules Powder Company y
! now operating the plants Of the Var
| van Rosin and Turpentine GO. situated
at Brunswick. Georgia, and Gudporl'
Miss An additional plant has been
erected by the Hercules 90. az Hat
tieshurg. Miss.
Mr.. Lockwood stated that spiehoid
| co-operation is being obtained from
manufacturers who use naval stores ir
conducting experiments designed g bet
ter the quality OF products now pro-
! duced. and discover additional uses foi
| it
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
INSPECTION COMPLETED.
Report to he Made Concerning tegeta-
tjon of Complainants Against Pyrites to.

Professors of the University Ct Del
aware and officials Of Wilmington con-
cluded yesterday afternoon their in
spection of damage of vegetation and
fruit trees and injury of livestock ID
the area between Eden Park and Farm
hurst alleged to have been caused 10y
acid dust from a pyrites plant in south
Wilmington. The professors viii re-
mort their findings to committee rep
resenting co,nplainants, and the city
officials will report TO City Council
samples Of the acid dust will be analyz-
cd meanwhile by the professors.
The State Board of Agriculture has
received complaints from residents OF
tbs affected area, but has not acted
thereon.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
rILA. PRODUCE MARKET.

Frrfapsfsaps,ia. May 2o.-wheat- high
ar; No. winter. 1.640i.ss; do. garifcky
155<eel.so.
own, lower; No. .. 7s@T5h; No. ).
7N6vnN: No. 4. sSh.@l6s.
Oats. lower: No. white, 49h@6o:
No. 5 white. ASH @49; No. white. 4et9
<Sa-.
puffer lower: western creamery ex-
ira so; nearby prints fancy 4o@4S.
Eggs, weaker; nearby first e4G,241,
do. current receipts. 23124; western ex-
trn, firsts. 24G24i1: western ffrsts. %
G.ash; fancy selected, packed. 34935.
Cheese. weak; New York whole milk
fancy fat fresh. 1914 @171a; fair to good,
ls,als; ionghorn. fresh. 16@17; single
daisies, fresh, 16I1 G1Th.
Live poultry. lower; fowls, as to
Juality. s3Gs6; spring chicken, broil-
ers. not leghorns. 4S@65; leghorns, 40
Gss: ROSTERS. 22624: ducks. white Pc
kins. 2s6s0: mixed colors. 25@2s.
Dressed poultry. weaker; fresh fowls,
choice 10 fancy, 3s@3Slz; do. small
sizes s16ss: old roosters. 21@22.
Potatoes. easier: old per 100 pounds,
s5GI15; Florida. No. /. 7-25@775; do.
No 2. 40O&5.5o.
Flour, duil soft winter straight, west
ern. s.T5G7. 90; nearby. s.4o@e.60; hard
winter. straight. 7.75@S-25; do. short,
patent. S.50@S.75: spring first, clear,
G.5o67 90: do. patent, s-25GS75; do,
short patent. s.O0@9. .25; fancy spring
and city mills patent. family brand, $50
G1O.o0.
Hay. steady: timothy No. 2. 21.o0G
y 90: do No. 3. 1s.0O@1s.oo; sample,
j. 006l7.O0: no grade, 13.o0@15.oe
clover mixed hay. light mixed 1900
20 90: No. l mixed, 1s.00@1s.5o.
Tallow. steady; prime city loose, 4;
do. special loose, 5; prime country 8;
edible in tierces, 61z al.
Bran. weak; soft winter western in
100 pound sacks. 27.5oG2s-5o; spring
2e.5oQg2s 40.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
STOCK PRICES DECLINE
ONE TO SEVEN POINTS
Only Three on Entire List Escape
Strong Reaction OF To-
days Market.
n. Associated Press TO Every Evening.

nv Associated Press to Every fVen'ns'
~a,, York. May 2o.-(Wall street
"a 40 a. mD--price tendencies IN the
aa,iN, period of today's stock market
were distinctly reactionary. beciiies
of / 10 3 points accompanied the tnooer
atc offering of Crucihle Steel, Nauohas
rnameiling, shell Transport WHY'S
overland. preferred. American Lhnseeo
and Chesapeake and Ohio srectors
of the latter company meet touay io'
action on the dividend
4 few issues especially United Statos
steel. preferred. American SmeiunS'
Anaconda Copper and Industrial Aico-
hol were firm to strong. Alcohoi gaming
IL points on declaration OF the regular
dividend.
Early exchange rates on London
uere frastionally under yesterdays best
quotation.
Noon--r.osses became more extensive
during the morning. although offerings
were relatively small Tobaccos. Mexi-
can Petroleum and International Paper
were almost the only issues TO over
come the general depression.
ridewater OIL fell points and Ameri-
can IAnsced increased its loss to 4
points on news of the passing OF the
dividend.
crucible Steel was singled out for
short sailing. forfeiting over four points
Steel Foundries. preferred, Baldwin
Locomotives, Studehaker. General AS
phalt, Virginia Carolina Chemical and
Rrooklyn Union Gas declined 11s TO
points. Northern Pacific, Texas and
Pacific, Illinois Central and st. Louis
and San Francisco comprised the
heavier rails losing ! to almost
points
CAn money opened and renewed nsfs
Deut wss& NJ 7 per cent.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
LOCAL AMUSEMENTS
rHB SCREEN.
sTAe Jucklinse at the Arcadia

J0f klIuk~ nj LIE AIcA01f1-
Rurh and varied are the characters
tn The Jucllhns.' the perturbation OF
OpAe Reaxfs celebrated novel. which viii
be shown xf the Arcadia theatre be-
ginning tpdxy. To the selection Of the
payers capable of portraying the vari-
Gus SoUrhern types which the story re-
~aaA. unch time WAS devoted by the
deDem,
sWamnu U1tamode ~ The Playhouse.
.ne Woman Untamed-" remarkable
p4,osopsAy and one OF boundleH delight,
= b-ane presented At The Playhouse
wrsh . pvuaneDe for the last time this
opuung and summrow. Beginning
Monday Ln1ise Gsaum WIN pay the
lad Ia ttse picture 81 am Guilty"
Pxuasae Prederfck 1t the Majestic.
W1ah the passage of today and to-
morrow The engagement Of Pauline
ps~dertchs pscture ',Rnads Of Destiny"
now at the Majestic. VIII be completed
Tntz romance has proved good vehicle
for r1e presseu1ation OF Miss Frederick's s
dramatic sh6hty and for the picturiza
raon of a remarkabie story originally
offered In short story form by o. Henry.
Beginning Monday William Farnum
wiz return 70 the Majestic screen, play
ing In a picture called His Greatest
sacrifce-"
Madge Kennedy at the Queen.
Today and tomorrow the Queen boasts
OF Madge Kennedy as its star. She is
playing in The Highest Bidder" a
romance of intrigue and love in New
Yorks. socially smart and wealthy set.
Beginning Monday Constance Binney is
10 be presented in The Magic Cup, =
her newest film romance.
William FaInum at the Rialto.
William Farnum's greatest picture,
eThe Spoilers" in a reissue version is
being presented at the Rialto Theatre.
n has been played all of this week
since Monday and has been witnessed
by. thousands OF Wilmingtonians who
were urged TO do SO by their remem-
brance Of the film on its initial presen-
tation several years ago.
sThe Sage Hen" at the Savoy.
In THE Sage Hen" shown yesterday
at the savoy Theatre. where il remains
the balance Of this week, Edgar Lewis
pinted a vivid poignant, master pic
ture. Gladys Brockwell gives a mag
nihcent performance as THE Sage
Hen" Splendid work is done by Lii
Ian Rich. Wallace Mcdonald, James
Mason, Arthur Morrison and Helen
Case.
@Blizzard- at the Strand.
The face Of Satan, the brain of a
genius, the body Of Caliban, the
strength Of a master OF men. That was
Blizzard" The most remarkable, the
most fascinating character ever present
"a 10 photoplay followers dominates a
picture that is at the Strand today.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20

The face OF Satan, the brain Of a
genius, the body Of a Caliban, the
strength Of a master OF men. That was
Blizzard" The most remarkable. the
most fascinating character ever present
sd 10 photoplay followers dominates
picture that is at the Strand today.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
Old swedes' Anniversary.

The 222d anniversary OF the conse-
Grafton of Old Swedes Church will oc-
cur on Trinity Sunday. May 22, and
viii be celebrated with appropriate
services arranged by the vicar, Rev.
Robert Bell. In accordance with Gus
ton, Trinity Church VIII join in the
celebration in honor of its institution
in Old Swedes Church, and Rev.
Frederick NJ. Kirkus, the rector, will be
celebrant of the day. There will DC
Joint reception of holy communion by
the two congregations.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
EVERY EVENING
CLASSIFIED ADVEktSIING
nndexed for Quick Eeffrencsj
LINE RATES PER DAY.

CLASSIFIED ADYERIsTING.
nndexed for Quick Eeffrencsl
LINE RATES PER DAY.
Count six words to the line.
Count initials ard numbers a. words.
No charge ad taken for Jess than 51c.
No prepaid ad taken for less than 15c-
Charge Prepaid
nay IL CENTS ~ cents
& Consecutive Days IL cents 10 cents
4 Consecutive Days. 9 cents cents
LONG TERM ADVERTISING.
Special rates for business advertising
RFPTBIICgATION FOR ERRORS.
Republication Will be made for errors
not the fault 0f the advertiser. il advertiser
wfEf renorf the error within - hours after
grst publication of advertisement
AfISCLASSIFICATIOM NOT PEh-
MITTED.
TELEPH0NED ADS.
Classified advertisements that are tete-
phoned 10 Every Evening viii be accepted
at the charge rates shown above. But
the prepaid cost amount viii De accepte-d
as fun payment if offered at the business
Office within SIX days after any such al
Is f1rst printed IN the paper Otherwise
the cost at the charge rates quoted above
ali be collected
Telephone Your Want Ads
PHONE TW0-TW Oh UNDEBD
Ask for Want Ad Iaker-
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
POWDER QUOTATIONS.

Exported Daily at Noon by Laird 4 Co.,
du Pont Building.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK MARKET.
BY Associated Press TO Every Evening.

BY Associated Press 20 Every Evening.
Chicago. May 20.-Cattle, receipts
1000; beef steers, butcher she stock,
calves, stoclkers and feeders generally
steady; top beef steers, $50; bulk,
S.0O0S.75; fat cows and heifers. large
~ 5.75; calves, mostly 8.50@9.0o; bulks
weak to lower; bulk, 5.25M6.25.
Hogs. receipts 21 900; mostly 10 cents
higher; some butchers UP more; top,
$50; bulk. 8.40&8 80; pigs steady; bulk
desirable, S,50&8.75.
Ship, receipts 5000; nearly all to
packers direct; few loads natives on
sale, best native lambs, 11.00; native
springs, 1875 steady others and sheep
rs to so cents lower; best light ewes.
$50.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20

Call 22oo--ask for ad taker.-Adv.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
Real Estate Mems banquet.

The Wilmington Real Estate Board
VIII hold n banquet In Larnbros' Cafe on
Monday evening. The guest of honor
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20

will be william II, Wilson, prcsioeni o'
the philadelphia Real Estate Bohro.
yioe-presldent Of the Naflonai iu'''
r.atnte Board, who VIII make an ~
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
C. & o. Defers Dividend Action.

BY Associated Press to Every Evening.
New York, May 20.-The Chesapeake
and Ohio Railway Company today de-.
ferred action on the regular serni-annual
dividend of 21s per cent due at this time
1t was stated the postponement was
due to unsettled conditions. The same
action was taken yesterday by the
Hooking Valley Railroad which is con
trolled by the Chesa peake and Ohio.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20
IN MEM0RIAM.

In loving memory of my dear mother
Anna Connolly. who died May 20, 1916.
Son Thomas
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1921-05-20

Hundreds OF others get results from
Every Evening classified ads.-Why can't
vou?--Ady.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1921-11-03
LOCAL NEEDS NIT
THROUGH RED CROSS

The Red Cross in North Dakota has
never closed it's doors since wartime.
When the need to send vast numbers
of supplies overseas in answer to
the nations call was no longer heard,
tie Red Cross commenced to function
as the clearing house for community
problems.
Today in many counties in every
part Of the state, the Red Cross head
quarters and the worker are meeting
and helping to solve the various COM
munity and personal problems. Under
skilled supervision the problems Of de-
cency, delinquency and mental and
physical detectives are being admin
istered.
Among the counties where espe-
cially strong programs in this rural
social service work have been pre-
sented by Red Cross chapters are
Cass, Divide, Bottineau, Burley, Stark,
Billings, Slope, Dunn and Mckenzie.
Especially good work along child vel.
fare lines is also being carried on.
Throughout the state this and other
phases Of the health program are
winning much public approval as well
as meeting a real need.
Trained supervision In these COM
lnunities is not only helping to meet
the economic conditions which have
affected many of their inhabitants, but
is fostering welfare work. While con-
ditions in these counties are not differ
ent from those found in similar com.
munities oil over the country, the in
terest which their residents are evt.
dencing proves the progressive spirit
of the people Of the state.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1921-11-03
leading the herd to q neighborlng

leading the herd to a nelghborlng
trough.
These two rows of COW stalls face a
central feeding alley over which runs
carrier track. The feed can be car
ried on carriers from the feedroom
and given to the stock In their stalls
without any back-breaking efforts on
the part of the hired men. At the
rear Of each row Of stalls Is litter
alley also equipped with carrier
tracks. Aside from the advantages
which this modern stall equipment
offers the cows, it Is important from
the standpoint Of the help. It reduces
UNNECESSARILY the drudgery around
stock barns and helps In large meas
ure to keep the boys contented. They
have been leaving farms because Of
the unnecessary heavy work. Proper
barn equipment will help to stem this
exodus to the cities.
The floor Is concrete while the
stalls are wood block or cork brick.
The animals cannot rest easily and
comfortably on the solid floor, reQuir-
ing more resilient material. Lately
asphalt mastic has been used for this
purpose.
In the wing which extends across
one end of the barn the various feed
rooms and racks are located. An I'M
usual feature Of this barn is the large
open feedroom with racks where loose
cattle may roam and feed at will.
These racks are set out In the middle
Of the floor and cattle can eat from
either side. At the rear end of the
wing are the regular feed bins and
feedrOom, 20 by % feet, where the
various rations ere prepared and
hauled by carrier to the racks or stalls.
Plenty Of windows around the barn
provide an abundance Of sunlight and
air. The barn doors are all hung on
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1921-11-03
sUPERsTITI0Vs OF THE TUB
Laundresses Have Legends, Which in
Many Countries Are Taken With
Great Seriousness.

Universally washerwomen agree that
anyone who washes sheet on Fri
day Is washing her winding sheet, and
death will come within one year. Some
say that to wash on Friday Is to wish
your husbands death. The supersti-
lions that are connected with washing
on Good Friday have naturally a re-
ligious origin, and washing on that day
is well-nigh impossible. But it can be
made safe by tying two clothes pins
together in the form Of cross and
letting them float in the tub.
If a laundress drops her soap on
the left side she will be asked to q
wedding. If one splashes water or
her apron she will marry drunkard
If a mans shirt is put in the tub up
side Internationally, Of course
it means the coming death to the
owner. There is good fortune in store
for any one who meets washerWomal
carrying a basket Of freshly laundereG
clothes, but bad luck will overtake the
one who passes a basket filled witt
the unwashed.