davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19

of stocks, it usually has not been to
the full extent justified by the fall in
wholesale rates. While producers and
merchants have, under financial pres
sure, been compelled to sell at a loss
and prune their margin of profit on
new business in order to force trade,
the average retailer has insisted on his
accustomed percentage and blocked the
way to revival of business.
Those distributing houses featuring
cut" lines are also sacrificing little,
II any, profit. They are simply reap
Ing great advantages from the embar-
rassments of those from whom they
buy at prices that are dictated by the
extent of the sellers bank overdraft
and the dates when his bills to credi-
tors fall due for payment.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
The Species That Has Heard of No Depression

ing but the dark side Of depression Is
likely to look only at the Is per cent
eliminated consumption, while the pro-
gressive tyne sees the SO per cent con-
t'nued consumption and strives to get
as much of the business that it de-
velops as possible.
Ihis conclusion is borne out by n
study of several individual firms that
have used unusual methods of keeping
the flow of business in motion during
the last year. In practically all Of
them thefe has been tendency to
break forth into new policies that in
the main run counter to those adopted
by their competitors.
fntensire Selling
Selling methods of the most intense
sort have served to bring the National
Cash Register Company through the
period of depression so far without
any drop in sales. Realizing that the
country in general was headed into a
spell of dull business, the company
about year ago began increasing its
advertising and making additions to it's
sales forces. Business depends on the
man, not on the territory in which
he works was brought to the force as
one OF the company's chief slogans. and
thlS, coupled with intensive training
and schooling of statesmen, has yielded
gratifying results. Incidentally, the
price of the company's product has not
been lowered.
Within the last week four squads of
officials and department heads have
left the company's factory in DAYTON
to cover the East, North, South and
West in conventions. About 100 of the
company's salesmen in New York,
Brooklyn, northern New Jersey and
points upstate attended the convention
IN New York last week. The officials
explained that the normal let-down in
July and August will not be recognized
this year. but that quotas have been
set for the statesmen to make the com
ing two months the largest in point of
sales in the history of the company.
Business sought during the month
OF April was made Compliments
ary'- was sought with the con-
scious aim Of keeping the factory
workers employed. With the slogan
Support those who support you" the
statesmen were filled with enthusiasm
to point where remarkably large
of orders was turned in, en-
abling the factory to increase it's work
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
accommodating Buyers

Our plan has been successful, so
far" said A. L. Slavens, president of
the company. eve have been careful
to keep up the quality of our product
which is one of our largest assets in
normal times, but we have met the
retailers and consumers ideas of lower
prices. Something had to be done to
lower prices, and yet, for the sake of
our future business, we could not agord
to cheaper our quality. The only alter
native was to devise methods of cutting
our production costs. We are still at
work on the problem and have several
other ideas which We intend to try out
II the near future. In the mean time
our factory is running close to
capacity"
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Oil Industry Faced
By Many Problems
Big Overproduction, Lack OF Co-opera-
ton Among Produ GERS and Obregon
Ruling Market Factors

the oil industry conf
would
the eadjumen other industries
drilling
April
available reached the
nigh total of $4,000 barrels
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
ome recently compiled estimates fol-

1otaI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 5o2, ,6O7
1t is estimated that at the present
rate OF consumption, about 1888 ,3333 tons
month, the visible supply will be
sufficient until the domestic beet and
Louisiana cane crop is available about
the middle of October. This source
would be sufficient to supply more
IMAM 100000 tons, which would satisfy
ordinary demands for the remainder of
the year when the new Cuban crop
would be coming in, further inc1cas-
ing the already large stocks.
Present stocks in Cuba are placed at
2,24o,44l tons, of which 100000 tons
are at plantations and the remainder at
ports awaiting shipment. A reasonable
part OF this amount, of course, will
come into the United States without
passing through the commission be-
cause OF prior contracts, but the out
look for sale of the remainder is
doubtful This view is indicated by
reports of sales in Cuba within the
week at Y to l u cents pound, f. o. b.
VI course, such purchases could not
be shipped from Cuba without an
proval of the commission, and it is
believed that the slow demand for raw
sugar is the main factor in preventing
the dissolution of the commission. It
is feared that if control were with
drawn in Cuba the price of raw sugar
would drop to / Il or IL cents, or
about cents pound duty paid,
against cents pound now. And it
is doubtful whether this slump in
prices would materially reduce the
abundant supply.
no wonder that the sugar trade faces
the end of the current year and the
beginning of the next with uncer-
tainty.
Few persons outside of the industry
understand the processes by which the
juice Of sugar cane is transformed
into the granulated article used for
sweetening foods. The cane is first
prepared for removing the juice, this
being accomplished by passing it
through a series of corrugated rollers.
From 80 to 90 per cent of the juice is
extracted from the cane by this proc
ess. called grinding.
The juice is then boiled and the i'm
purities removed by skimming, after
which it goes through an evaporation
process under vacuum, issuing there
from in the form of a syrup, The
syrup is further concentrated in strike
pans until granules begin to form.
When it is from onefourth to one third
cc1rystallized and full of thick liquor.
the mass is placed in centrifugal ma
chimes with perforated sides, and these
machines, revolving from 1000 to 1900
times a minute, throw off the syrup
The crystals remaining are called raw
sugar.
To be made ready for table use the
raw sugar is refined by dissolving with
syrup and filtered through cloth and
then through bone charcoal to remove
colors. 1t is then recrystallxed and
placed in centrifugal machines. The
sugar lost in this process is recovered
by repeating the process, but is of a
poorer grade and is classed as soft
sugar.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19

ms rSCuiV oA great gains is now
complete and indisputable, and the spe-
tific reason for the almost com
plete paralysis of our leading and
most fundamental industry is as
plain as day. Surely the time has come
for quick action, and effective measures
that will put the wheels of industry
once more in motion. A year ago the
steel workers were striking for higher
pay and the right to organize, and
Judge Gary met the issue effectively
with 10 per cent advance in wages.
But now it happens that the corpora
TONS own customers, and the entire
steel consuming public, are "out on
strickland we may be sure that they
will stay out until the steel producers
definitely abandon their war prices and
actually put into effect scale of prices
that will induce orders.
The affairs of the Steel Corporate
have of late been so gravely disturbed
by the agitations of Red labor lead
ers, and there has been so much talk
about labor constituting 90 per cent of
the cost of producing steel, that the
public is now genuinely mystifed as
to the actual costs of steel production.
In these pages we reckon only with
the findings of skilled engineers who
know all about steel-making machinery,
and skilled cost accountants who know
every technical detail of labor costs;
and with such guidance it is an easy
matter to now clear up the situation
by presenting convincing facts. In the
famous letter of May Is, 1899, which
Charles NJ. Schwab addressed to Henry
C. Frick, he gave the technical facts
which converted j. Pierpont Morgan
and thus led up TO the formation of the
United States Steel Corporation.
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19

This statement shows that during the
first four months of 1921 approximately
S12,7OO,O0o of these products were ex
ported, against approving ately s45.-
100000 for the sponding period Of
1920. The loss of $4,000, 900 NAV be
accounted for to some extent by de-
preciated prices, but the greatest part
OF 1t represents lack of buying demand
The situation reflects, to some extent
also' the decreased domestic purchases.
AS result of steadily decreasing
consumption and increasing production
surplus stocks haye accumulated to an
alarming extent especially in Cuba
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Outlook for Sugar Dubious
Decreased Export Demand for Sweetened Products
Factor in Piling Up Stock; Trade
Shows Caution

the bottom reached the
Which is being asked by outside itself Holders
OF securities OF refining the
melt
their coffee would like know the
product collateral for loans
decide is
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Improvements Made

During the last twenty-five years,
since Mr.. Schwab made his estimates,
every detail Of the machinery Of steel
production, from handling the crude
ore to shipping the finished product,
has been very greatly improved In
consequence, the direct labor cost OIL
producing ton of steel is now actual
ly less than it was then, in spite OF the
higher wages, because of the greater
output per man, per hour and per diem
1t would be more correct to say, there
fore, that in producing steel 80 per
cent of the work is done by machinery
and the skilled mechanics who operate
the machinery are paid wages of
superintendence," as the economists
term it. The fact is that the present
high costs and hig prices of steel are
due mainly to: G) the material ad-
vance in the price of ore, coal, coke
and other raw materials, which the
corporation pays to it's own mining and
coking companies; (2) the advance in
freight rates, 9th rail and water,
In which the corporation enjoys the
advantage of owning transportation
lines for it's raw materials; CD the
very heavy burden of the excess profits
tax, which since 1917 has cost the con-
sumers of steel at least $275, 100000
handsome profits which the corpora
tion has been able to add to these, be-
cause of abnormal war conditions.
Z Further, to dispose of another sore
point in controversy, let it be here said
with the utmost emphasis that Judge
'Iary is fundamentally and forever
right in his insistent stand for "the
open shop" To suppose that lot Of
workmen. most of them foreign born
herded together in labor unions in
sheer protection of daily wage which
gives them bread and butter. can pos
sbly select representatives. who are
competent to either direct or control
q. great technical industry, is sheer
absurdity. That is Socialism. Sovietism
and Bolshevisr1, pure and simple. We
now see it's inevitable results in Rus
sla, and happily there is not the
slightest danger of any such stupid
philosophy ever taking root in free
and enlightened America. The great
steel industry, like every other indus
try and every other business, of neces-
ooy Is proprietors. its chosen eXecu-
yves, its responsible directors and
managers. To admit any other system
IS to court certain disaster.
hut on the other hand, Is Judge
vary. wise and foresighted in prolong-
aing his warfare upon labor unions?
we think not. Ex-President Taft, Mr..
Justice Hughes. now Secretary of
state. and Mr.. Hoover, now Secretary
OF Commerce, have each and all, re-
peatedly and impressively, insisted
mat the labor unions are here, that
tney are certain to stay, and that they
must be dealt with. More than this,
etner great employers. in increasing
numbers, are successfully solving the
reese reese problems of union labor which
eoafront the steel industry. and Jndaa
vary has directed the Steel Cornora.
uon with such eonsummate skill That
we fcel sure his masterful leadershin
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Figures on Cost

In that historic document Mr.. Schwab
used these exact words: 81 know posi-
lively that England cannot produce pig
iron at actual cost for less than $11.50
per ton, even allowing no profit on raw
materials, and cannot put pig iron into
g rail with their most efficient works
for less than $3.50 per ton. This would
make rails at net cost to them of S19.
We can sell at this price and ship
abroad so as to net US SIG at works for
foreign business, nearly as good as
home business has been. What is true
of rails is equally true of other steel
products. AS result of this we are
going to control the steel business of
the world" "You know we can make
rails for less than S12 per ton, leaving
a nice margin on foreign business. Be
sides this, foreign costs are going to
increase year by year because they have
not the raw materials, while ours are
going to decrease. The result of all
this is that we will be able to sell our
surplus abroad, run our works full all
the time and get the best practice and
costs in this way"
We know, further, that Andrew Car
negie is authority for this definite and
telling statement, nancy:
at is not the lowest, but the highest
paid labor, with scientific management
and machinery, which gives cheapest
products. Some of the most important
staple articles made in Britain, Ger
many and America are produced cheap
est in the last, with labor paid double"
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Many Neic Wells

The Standard Oil Company states
that the present high production is
due largely to operations in the newer
oil districts with large wells Owing
to the existing crude prices, coupled
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Another Big Crop

Figures from Cuba indicate another
bumper crop in spite of earlier pessi-
mistic estimates. Final figures on 1856
centrals that have completed grinding
show an outturn Of 20,470,292 bags.
compared with an original estimate for
these mills of 20,941 900 bags. The
loss of approximately 2A per cent, if
taken as an average for the remaining
centrals, would indicate that the final
outturn would be more than $3.50 900
tons, compared with 3,728,975 tons last
year.
Although Cuban raw sugar is arriv-
ing frequently, no sales have been re-
ported by the control commission, and
1T is assumed that the shipments com
prise sugar contracted for before the
commission took charge. Since the for
nation of the commission 1,1S0,032 tons
OF sugar, were shipped from Cuban
ports, and of this sales by the commits
SION amount to 367,929 tons up to Nav
27, the date Of the commissions re.
port This would indicate that ,912,-
103 tons of Cuban sugar were shipped
under contracts made before official
control and approved by the commits
sion. 1t is estimated therefore. that
unless an unforeseen demand develops
there will be carryover Of 1000 900
tons, into next year, which will mean
ANOTHER season of depressed prices.
The demand for sugar continues small
because of the serious slump in export
trade, which consumed large ouanti-
ties of sweetened products. Some idea
OF this factor can be gained from the
following table:
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
and the human
element in busincAs are once

element in businees are once
more coming into their own.
Instead of moving in an all compre-
henslve sweep, as it did during the
hey-dey of the boom in 1919, and to
a slightly less extent in 1917 and
1918, business now shows a marked
variation, not only when different
industries are contrasted, but more
sharply when individual elements
within specitis industries are con-
trasted.
Certain trades, taken as whole, arc
dull, but it is possible to find individu-
ais within those trades who are doing
a good business, not only as compared
with their competitors, but also in com
parison with their own past records. 1t
is here that the personal or human
element that makes for success or fail
ure in business asserts itself
In business circles the saying that
during the boom any one could make
money, but it takes a real business
man to stay in the game now" has
become an axiom.
Bucking the Tide
Roughly, business men may be di-
vided into two classes. First those
who have allowed the flood tide of
depression to sweep them in it's path
at will and who hope that the ebb tide
soon will turn to their advantage; and
second, much smaller class, composed
of those who are swimming strongly
against the tide in an effort to achieve
certain and definite landing place.
Keen students of economics have
stated frequently in the last few
months that the consumption of goods
IN times of depression rarely falls be-
low S5 per cent of normal In other
words, by practicing rigid economy the
general public cuts down its purchases
of merchandise, in units, not in dollars
and cents, by only Is per cent. The
class of business man who can see moth
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19


1913. 1920. 1921
1919. 1920. 1921
h ing
gum $IoS,186 s1,19l6o1 s97o 562
h ocolate
and cocoa 3s26,S66 es457oo 7no ,7-
Confection-
ary -. s45.o5s a,145,ss5 e77277
avoring
xtracts
and fruit
juices :. 333,oe6 41s327 ono sso
n a ts
food 80. 72T,Sl9 g441e2 Ann ono
Milk, con ''''
n sed
and evap-
Grated, ss2,77s.s22
Milk. con-
e nsed.
t.
ened 80 10 os5 sot esoooo
p eserved ''''''Vo
and can
ned fruits
and vege-
tables 1S,927,131 14oS5,ss7 3,s54.37o
u, -----------------
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19


low records almost daily the situation
is decidedly uncertain to all except
those in close touch with conditions,
and even in the trade few will venture
to predict what the future holds in
store. Many factors entering into the
situation are Of discouraging nature
to those who favor higher prices or at
least want stabilizatiou. Chief among
these are:
There was a carryover of more
than 100000 tons of sugar from
last years crop into this year.
This years Cuban crop is almost
certain to establish a new high rec
ord, surprising last years mark of
3,T28,975 tons.
At the present rate Of consumption
it is estimated that there will be
sufficient sugar outside of Cuba to
meet all requirem until the new
crop comes in,
Consequently the trade faces the
possibility of entering next year with
carryover of 100000 tons, further
depressing the outlook.
Abnormally high prices early last
year, which induced heavy speculative
buying and decreased consumption to
the minimum resulted in the large
carryover at the end of the year. Since
that time large part of the stocks
bought on speculation has been liuui-
dated to the detriment of the new crop
and to the dismay of holders or
bankers who financed the speculation
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19

Totals. s5a.s42. 5Qa 45.71s.444 ,l2755-777
New-York tribune., 1921-06-19
Large Stocks Noir

Separate figures not available.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1921-09-17
AMERICAN ON INTERNATIONAL COURT

In the selection of John Bassett Moore as the
American representative on the international
Court of Justice a worthy representative of this
great republic has been chosen. Mr.. Moore was
the right hand man at Washington through a
great many administrations in the handling of
foreign affairs. His wide experience helped a
great many newly appointed secretaries of state
out of many difficult situations, and when he
resigned his post at Washington it was with
universal regret. The nation lost a valuable
servant.
Mr.. Moore is now professor of international
law and diplomacy at Columbia University. He
is sixty years old-not too old to do active duty,
yet old enough to be wise in experience. The
International court win be greatly strengthened
with Mr.. Moore as a member.
Although the international court is organized
under the auspices of the League of Nations, the
fact that an American is to serve thereon does
not commit this nation to the league. This is a
matter of official recognition. The League of
Nations is privileged to select its judges from
wherever it chooses and if it desires TO have the
services of a man who is a citizen OF a non
member nation that is the leagues own affair.
At the same time, the fact that so prominent
an American is a member of the international
court cannot help but form a sort of connecting
link between this great country and the League
of Nations. II this court is a success, and there
il every reason to believe that it will be, it will
be a great feature in making the League OF
Nations a reality. The court will be an indie
pendent body, to be sure, but the fact that it
was a child of the league cannot be forgotten.
II the League of Nations can accomplish even
this one thing worth while in international reia-
tionships, it will have justified it's creation. But
IL II can do this much, it ought to be able to do
still more.
America is more and more realizing the prom
inent part that the she must play in world az
fairs hereafter. This is going to be emphasized
as a result of the conference on armament
which President Harding has called to meet In
WASHINGTON on November II. 1t is possible, ana
even probable, that the situation will be such
when the conference closes that only through
some international body can the mandates OF the
conference be put into effect. That being the
case. the natural thing would be to turn to the
League of Nations which is already functioning
for the very purpose that the washington con-
ference is called to accomplish.
With the possibility of the United States still
finding it to its advantage to enter the league
it will be extremely gratifying to have this
country we'll represented on the international
court which is going to play such a big part in
international affairs hereafter.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1921-09-17
PARALLELS OF
SAFED THE SAGE

upon thy system, and there r others
who have gained great renown as
philosophers who work the same rae
ket, but in the long run, it is moth
ing to write home about.
The world will little note nor long
remember the wilderness of thy chalk
upon the soles of their shoes; they
will want to judge thee by the black
ness of the backing upon the residue
thereof.
And 1 said, Thou hast the num-
Der of my berth. and 1 also have
thy number. 1t is not 23. for I will
not report thee for thy neglect, but
speak to thee kindly. Black thou
thy shoes, and do it honestly or else
betake thee to the hay and omit the
chalk mark.
And 1 considered how many men
| there be who fall into the same sys-
tenn. They discover some method
whereby their work shall appear to
have been done, or their value rem
dered. and then go to sleep with the
calm assurance that their absent
treatment will not be discovered.
But there cometh a time when the
establishment is laying off help, and
then are those men on the wrong
side of the Employment Gate.
For what I say unto the Ethiopian
that do I say to all men, that a
white chalk mark upon the sole OF
the shoe is no permanent or satisfac-
tory substitute for the black mark
of the backing brush where the
backing doth belong. And mems
sins do find them out.