davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-27
First Rnntisf Chnrcl.

First Baptist Charch.
Broadway and Lead avenue.
Thomas f. Harvey, pastor. Phone
l91s-M. Residence. 1920 East
Gold avenue.
Graded Bible school, $50 a. m.
Mems class meets at Y. M. C. A.
building.
Junior and Senior unions at
$3.50 p. m.
Public worship at II a. m. ami
1880 p. m. Morning theme:
"Godgiven Pastors" Evening
theme: "Pauls Farewell Address"
The evening service will be the
last service of the retiring pastor
with the church and will be fol-
lowed with a baptismal service.
Special musical features: Anthem,
God Be Merciful" (Heaton), anG
Seek Ye the Lord (Adams):
duet, Hold Thou My Hand" sung
by A. G. Tucker and Miss Stafford,
offertory will be sung by Mr.. Fitz-
gerald; Baptist orchestra will play.
Also, the choir from Mt Olive
Baptist church will sing, Swing
Low, Sweet Chariot" and STAND
ing in the Need of Prayer"
Central Avenue Methodist.
Central avenue ana Arno street.
c. C. Higbee, pastor.
Sunday school at 9:45 a. m.
]. f. Major. superintendent.
II a. m. - Morning service.
$40 p. m.-Young peoples de-
votional service. Miss Winnie Bald
win, president.
1880 p. m.--Preaching service.
Special music under the direc-
ton OF Mrs. E. L. Bradford.
Bishop Horace M. DuBose Of
Berkeley, president of New Next
co, Los Angeles and Pacific con-
ferences, will preach both MORN
ing and evening.
st. Johns Cathedral (EpiscopaD.
Silver avenue and Fourth street.
Phone 1272-W.
Sunday school at 9:45 a, m,
Morning prayer and address at
ii a. m.
Both services in charge of lay
readers.
Nazarenc Church,
Forester and Slate avenue. L.
L. Gaines. pastor, 905 West Fruit
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-27
St. pauIs Eng. Lutheran Churc

st. Paul's Eng. Lutheran Church.
Sixth street and Silver avenue.
Arthur M. Knudsen. pastor.
9:45 a. m. - Sunday school.
A. w. Kraemer. superintendent.
IL a. m. - Morning worship.
Sermon by the pastor on Assem-
bling Ourselves Together. Choir
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-27

@~' ND''e'1N11 NN17ftHuSfTI
Los Griegos. Eulalio Yrene.
pastor.
p. m.-Seryice,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-27

1900 North Fourth street.
Sunday school and Bible class at
9:45 a. m.
II a. m. - Worship meetin;.
1880 p. m.-Evangelist Tom Car
roll will lspeak.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-27
Christian SCIENCE Society

Bible Students.
The !. B. s. A. will meet at
Moose hall al follows:
p. M; 7:45 p. M; Wednesday,
7:45 p. m,-Prayer and praise
service; Friday, 7:45 p. m.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1921-11-27
Broadway Christian Church.
Emmanuel Evan. Lutheran church.

iHiIndnuei evan. Lutheran Church,
Gold avenue and Arno street.
Carl Schmid. pastor. Residence,
200 South Arno street.
Sunday school at 9:45 a. m.
Services in English at II a. m.
Ladies' Aid society will meet
Thursday, afternoon in the church
annex.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
HUGHES BATTLING
FOR REVISED PACT
Secretary of State in Clash With
Irreconcilables Over Yer
sailles Treaty.
HARDING BETWEEN FIRES
Diplomatic Chief Would. Use
Existing Document Stripped
of League Covenant.
HARDING BETWEEN FIRES
By Robert J. Rcndcr.
United News stan Corresponds

lnit.d News Sian Correspondent
WASHINGTON, July G.-Practica; ;
legal procedure versus politics is the
fight Of the hour now in washington.
staged in the Peace Treaty Arena and
with President Harding as referee.
Very soon the President must de-
eide for Secretary Hughes on the one
hand. sponsoring ratification o. the
treaty OF Versailles. stripped of the
league covenant and other provisions
Of Involvement" or mold up the hand
OF Republican Senate leaders who
declare the Versailles pact cannot
come back
AT the present writing Hughes is
The favorite. He has Harding's ear
and in several conferences since the
latter's return from New Jersey, has
delivered some telling blows. The
Senate irreconcilable, on the other
hand. are fighting at long ranges
They haven't been able to get close
enough to the center OF tie ring yet
to do any effective mixing. And.
while both sides are confident. the
betting favors Hughes BY long odds.
HuEhcs' Position Fixed.
AS has boon stated repeatedly in
these dispatches Hughes. from the
outset, has stood for engaging un-
der the treaty OF Versailles" in ef-
fectins peace basis with Germany.
This has been lis position for many
months and naturally he still adhere s
to il Despite this fact and with full
knowledge OF il in the Senate. Re
publican leaders still insist that the
President would not dare" to re-
turn ever the cmasculated Versailles
pact because. say irrcconcilablcs. il
would mean political suicide
Much Interest In Contest.
Interest in the contest has spread
throughout official and diplomatic
Washington. Virtually All other
phases of the routine connected with
the next peace step have been sub
merged.
The larger treaty problem has
taken the foreground because OF the
intimation i'm official quarters that
diplomatic relations will not be re-
sumed with Germany until the fina!
peace understanding is reached. This
is primarily due to the fact. IL is
said. that the administration does not
wish 10 get on a full peace basis with
the Central Powers until IL has def
initely established protection of its
rights under the Versailles treaty.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
5000 DELEGATES ATTEND
GREAT CHRISTIAN ENDEA VOR
CONVENTION IN NEW YORK
Those in Attendance Represent More Than -Four Million
: Members in Every Continent Sends 100, :
the Largest Delegation in Attendance

NEW YORK. July G.-Delegations
from every continent attended the
opening of the Sixth Worlds Chris
tian Endeavor Convention in New
York tonight. There were $4,000
men and women massed i'm the great
stone armory Of the Sevcnty-first
regiment that served as the con-
vention hall. They represented more
than 100000 members.
The largest foreign contingent
came from Canada. including 1000
delegates. Others came from .Japan.
China, Australia India, Armenia,
Persia, Egypt and elsewhere in Asia
ana Africa. Five South American
republics were represented. and Mex
leo had more than score of dele
gates. Continental Europe's family
OF nations and the various divisions
of the British Isles all we're repre-
sented. Every State in the United
States had it's quota.
The Rev. Francis Il. Clark, OF Boa-
ton, president of the Worlds Chris
tian Bndeavor Union, opened the con-
yention with an appeal for -four
square Christian .Endeavor campaign
to carry the principles of chrIstianity,
to all corners of the world, !,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
OFFICIAL WARNS Of
DIRE RESULTS TO
f OIL " PASSAGE
Says Would Increase Cost Of
Living and Result in
Higher Taxes.
DEFEATS GOVERNMENTS
PROGRAM OF ECONOMY
Ultimate Total Cost of Project
Is Estimated at S.
25o,ooo,ooo.
SENATE is PUT on GUaRn.
administrations Policy Toward
service Measure Explained by
Secretary of Treasury.
DEFEATS GOVERNMENTS
PROGRAM OF ECONOMY
SENATE is pUT on GUARr
administrations Policy Toward
Service Measure Explained by
Secretary of Treasury.
ny John GIclssncr,

ohited News Stan Correspondence
WASHINGTON. July 6.-Passage of +
me soidiep bonus bill would Increase
'he cost of living. bring higher taxc.
ana defeat the ADMINISTRATORS nro.
gram Of economy, Secretary Of .,b.
treasury Mellon has informed the
Senate.
Mellon denounced the bill in Wig.
orous Terms and warned OF the
serious situation" and ..ineyitabl.
hnancial consequences" which he /.
certain its enactment would entail
vast additional burdens Imposed mr.
the treasury. however financed. wouIt
seriously Interfere with refundino
operations, Mellon stated, and wo,,lS
bring additional deficits to be moi,
either through new taxes or firthc,I
Borrowings n.
Melons letter was written In ra
snonse to an inquiry as to the prob..
apie cost OF the bonus. made bygSenf,
tor .,lsrelinGh aSsen,,-eafye New Jersey.
Freylihghuysen laid {the letter he.
tore the Senate today. as 1t was abou,
'o proceed to consider OF the bill.
Probably KilI Project.
me letter served to make ,clea r., IN,
position of the administration OH the
bonus. which. up tonow. had becn5.irt
doubt. The determined opposition. 4,
Is believed, Will be the one thlna
needed TO defer Indefinitely, and. ir
al probability kill the bonus project
which Congress has been dodginr 70,
months Leaders have. at all times
oeeh Ioathe to support the bonus, an6
'au expected to delay final action or
~ In spite of the fact that consid
Grafton had been forced by the i'm
Sistencc of Senator'S and organized
veterans. 4 =.
Mellon says it is impossible 10 max,
definite estimates as to the ton.
ultimate cost of the bonus Thu,
minimum II all veterans accepted
adjusted service pay. he puts at ST..
eoo'oVp,o0O, The maximum, if ali ac.5
eepted adjusted service certificates. HI
estimated at 5.25O.oOO 600
Optional Plans to swcn Total.
Mellon said administrative or.
pehses and selection of other optiona
p'ahs by veterans would swell the
total He added:
ihcse estimates, Incomplete az
they are. show the heavy obligations,
TO which the pending bill woult
| commit the country. To limos,
these vast additional liabilities upor
the Treasury. particularly undeI
present conditions in industry ant
commerce, would. in my judgment
create serious situation"
Mellon sees as mot the least dis.
tubing feature" of the bill tile pre-
posal 10 postpone actual distribu.
ton of the benefits to 1923.
rhis means that. without confer.
ring immediate benehts-on ex-ser,
vice men. the country would be COM
mittiDs Itself TO Il Gtupendous in,
determinatc liability which. once as.
(Con timued on Page Z. Col. Sd
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07

lusively. Nelson tore away part o,
nus sh'rt' wrapped tho cut and Will,
tow"A md stick made turninc XII;
'oout the leg above the wound. stop.
uinS the flow Of blood temporarily.
In the meantime DIR. Turner s
skeiton was hurrying to tho scene.
One OF the boys met him at the edge
OF the woods and led him 10 where
'hc girl lay comfortably against a
tree her head against a pillow made
from the thoughtful boys coat ana
her foot propped above the level of
her body tina, the blood might the
more readily be kept from the cut.
DR.. SHELTON dressed the foot and took
the girl home in his car. Aside from
slight weakness caused by the loss
OF blood she is in tho best OF health
and Is loud In praise OF Nelson.
Nelson's mother stated last hight
that her son has taken keen Interest
In the first aid exercises as practiced
by his older brother. a Boy Scout and
attributes his knowledge of just twhat
ttosdp In the emergency to HIS attend
ance at seyeral of the Scout meetings.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
77LR7EEM- YEAR-OLD BOY
PROBABL Y SAVES LIFE or
GIRL BY GIVING FIRST AID
Nelson Phillips Stops Dangerous Flow of Blood When
DENSE lrevllan Cuts Artery in Foot-Youth
Learned Art at Scout Meetings.

thirtccn-ycar- boys kuowl-
cdGe OF administering first aid to tn.
wounded probably saved tho life yes
tcrdaE OF his little playmate. on.
year younger than he. when she cut
an artery in her foo; while bathing
IN stream near Forest IIill Park.
The girl. Denise Trcvillian. OF 29ls
Stonewall Avenue. was wadinr knee
deep in the water, short distance
from the bank. when she suddenly
cried out with pain and fell forward.
Nelson Phillips. lS-year- old son of S.
L. Phillips, 1907 Porter Street, waded
to the girl. rs did his pal" They
made basket or their hands and
carried the girl ashore.
Mrs. j. p. Richardson, Jr.. 1907
Spring Hill Avenue. who had acted
as chapcrone for the youthful bath
ing party, saw the girl had been cut
badly and. realizing medical aid
should he summoned immedia tcly, ran
through tho woods to tho nearest
phone. a half mile distant.
Soon after she had left tho scene,
the girls foot began bleeding pro-
v VI
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
SENATE SENDS BIG NAVAL
BILL BACK TO THE HOUSE
Refuses to Yield ON Ninc,oen
Amendments, Though Agree
Ing to- Others.
ASKS FURTHER CONFERENCE
Upper Body Takes Issue With
Lower on Increased Expenditures
Tor Bntticships Under Construc.
ton and Aviation Stations.
IBy Assoclated Prese. |


WASHINGTON. July s-tI,houc,
"sreeihS 10 the bulk Of the pro.
visions in the si0s.O 600 naval an.
preparation bill. as voted recently he
the House in attempting To disnoso .
or differences between the two
""d'es' 'the senate today refused TO
Fieid on nineteen amendments. and
sent the measure back 10 the House
win request for further confer
ence. The amendments on which
the senate declined 10 rccedc include
provisions for two airplane carriers
aviation stations and increased ex-
pcnditures for battlcshiIrs under con-
struction.
Leaders had not determined to.
night how TO NEE; the technical de-
itcit in funds for the navy result
ing from the lapse of approximations
with the close of the fiscal year.
June so. 1T might be necessary. il
was saia. TO adopt resolution CON
tinuinE last years approximations
temporarily until tho pending bill is
enacted Only a few daye, however
II was believed, would be required
to wind up the bill finally. and lead
crs were hopeful of avoiding the
eXpedicnt Of continuing rssolu-
ton.
Among the major provisions OF the
bill disposed Of finally by the Sen
atc's action today on the conference
report were the Borah disarmament
amendment and that fixing the navy
enlisted personnel at 10000 men.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07

General Secretary Edward =. Gates
reported that 9,23S new endcavor So
cictics had been organized i'm the last
two years. and the total membership
was the largest in its history.
Roger Babson. statistician. who
spoke on Chris tian IJndeavor in busi-
ness. said the present business dc.
preston was due to the failure of
the people to live "ciose enough to
God to stand continuSus prosperity"
''If the majority OF the people in
the world should suddenly turn abou,
and live the way Christ taught us
to live" he said, I'VE would never
have spasms of hard times and boom
times" Business. he added, would
develop steadily and evenly
The causes OF our business de-
pressions are spiritual and the only
means by which they can be remedied
and prevented are spiritual means"
he said.
Hc appealed to the young men and
women of the country to become i'm
.bued with the principles OF the Chrfs-
tian Endoavor.
Rev n Francis p. Clark was re.
elected president by acclamation.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
EMPLOY KENTUCKY GUARDS
IN WAR ON "MOONSHiNE"
GBy United News.l

SANDrHook. KY. July 6.-Armed
State guards continued patrollins
the streets here tonight, preventing
open hostilltics in the moonshine
war.
Agitation simmered down on today
when trials of 200 men charged with
Operating Illicit stills were postponed
until Thursday. pending the arrival
of Hugh Sparks, main State witness.
The accused have been residents Of
Elliott County for thirty years and
resented the attempt TO interfere
with their moonshining business.
Sparks is brother OF Van Sparks
whose murder a month ago made the
first casualty in the fight between
church folks" and moonshiners
Since the murder. Circuit Judge Fris-
co and county officials have received
threats against their lives.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
WOULD-BE SUICIDE,
AS7RIDE BOARD, ON
OCEAN FOR 24 HOURS
"Old Man of the Sea-" Brine
STEPPED. Thrills Long
Beach Bathers.
IBy United News.l

NEW YORK, July 6.-Long Beach
bathers had the thrill of their lives
this afternoon when an authentic old
man OF the sea. with bald head and
ne-steepcd clothes. came riding
ashore out OF the Atlantic astridc a
siN-foot plank.
The man was Nicholas Zauchloc, OF
New York andsBoylcstown. Pa. who
had tried TO commit suicide by jump
ing into New York Harbor yesterday
afteronon, twenty-four hours before.
Cold water and convenient plank
changed his mind and, for night
and day. he rode the friendly tim
bcr all ov< the bay and sound
Wind and tide drove Zuuchlog's do
ellie wooden s;ccd clear around the
southern part of Long Island. past
Coney Island and Rockaway. until
rollers landed him. spcechless with
terror and thirst, twenty-five miles
from where he started.
Zauchlog said he spent most OF last
night waving S. o. S. signals with
lis cap TO the ships he met while
spinning around tho foot of Long
Island but he could not get any
hody's attention.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
MEXICO CITY SAYS
TAMP|C0 IS QUIET
High Government Official There
Holds Standard Oil Respon-
sible for Crisis.
LA TOILETTE HEARD FROM
Introduces Resolution Opposing
Use of Armed Force to Pro-
tect Americans.
A TOILETTE HEARD FROM
IBy Associated press.

MENlCO CITY, July G.-High gov
ernmcnt ofticials here said today they
saw nothing in the situation in the
TampIco OIL region to cause uneasi-
ness over international relations
They declared they did not anticipate
serious trouble in that district.
The dispatch of two United states
war vessels to Tampico was treated
conservativeiy by the Mexico City
newspa per. Reports from Tsmpico
are telling OF increasing closing
down by American oil companies. but
there have been no disturbances.
Statements attributed to oil men
here describe the recent tax imposi-
ton By the Mexican government as
crease in the duty making exporta-
tion of oil impossible except at a loss.
The assertion is made by the oil men
that the companies do not desire q
conflict with the government. but that
they must operate on business basis.
Ono high government official today
made the charge that the Standard
OH Company "by its monopolizing
tendencies" was the real cause OF the
chaotic situation
The sending of General Manuel
Pelaez to Tampico as commandcr-in-
chief of the Mexican government
forces there was described by Secre-
tary OF War Estrada this morning as
opportunc.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
ALL-MALE Jury TO
TRY MRS. KABERFOR
DEATH OF HUSBAND
Counsel for Defense Declares
Women "Heartless" in Try
ing One of Own Sex.
ASSERT DEFENDANTS MIND
DISEASED SINCE CHILDHOOD
Warn Jurors to Prepare to
Listen to Some Horrible
Things in Testimony"

IRv Associated Pressl

CLEVELAND. OHIO. July G.
twelve men will decide whether Mrs
Eva Catherine Enbcr is guilty of
hrst-deErce murder in connection with
the fatal stabbins of her husband.
Daniel r. Kabcr. in their Lakewood
home two years ago by alleged hired
nssassins. Every woman tentatively
seated on the jury was dismissed
pcrcnptorily by Mrs. Kabcr's counsel
thus making good the declaration OF
Francis w. Poulson. OF Mrs. Kaber's
counsel. that no woman would be per-
mittcd 10 sit in Judgment against
her. II he could help 1t. because they
are "hcartless" in judging one OF
their own sex.
In his opening statement to the
jury. Attorney william j. Corrigan.
for the defense. asserted that many
OF the states contentious were true.
but that defense testimony would
show that Mrs. Kaber had not in
tended To murder her husband and
tina, her actions were the result OF
mind diseased from childhood. and
even before birth and worn down by
horrible things that will reflect no
'icu't Oh tne ucau ma n. lie as
serted that Mr.. Kabers acts wore
down her mental capacity. and
warned the jury to be prepared to
listen TO some horrible things that
would come out In the testimony"
VIII blame Defendant.
Assistant County Prosecutor J. Z.
Cassidy. outlining the States case,
asserted that testimony will show.
that Mrs. Iiaber first attempted to
Kill her husband by poisoning. and
ia ling in this manner, hired assassins
10 Kill him.
The motive. he asserted. was TO OBJ
tain possession OF Mr. Kabcrs estate
for herself and daughter. Marion Me-
Ardlc, who also is Indicted for first
degree murder for her alleged par
ticipation in the plot To Kill Mr. ia
ber.
Mr.. Cassidy asserted that Mrs.
Kaber had gone to two women almus /
year before tho murder and asked
them TO do something that would
bring about his death. but that 10th
had advised her TO obtain legal sepa-
ration. To this suggestion Mrs. Kabcr
was alleged TO have asserted that
divorce would not give n proper dis
tribution of the property.
1t was the latter part of March
continued ON Page .. Col. l0
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
PERMANENT TARIFF
BILL is FORMALLY
LAID BEFORE HOUSE
Way Is Cleared for Considera-
ton, Which Will Be-
gin Today.
ONE REPUBLICAN MEMBER
REFUSES TO SIGN REPORT
Representative Frear Declares
Many High Duties Increase
Burdens Of Consumer.


WASHINGTON. July G.-The ad :
ministration tariff bin was laid
formally before the House OF Rep
resentatircs today and the way
cleared for its consideration, begin.
ming tomorrow.
Accompanying 1t were two reports
by Republicans. one in praise and
the other in denunciation. Chair
man Fordncy. Of the Ways AMI
Means Committee. In report which
nc said he understood al! Rcpubli-
cans Of the committee except Rep
rcscntative Frear OF Wisconsin.
would sign. -describcd the measure
as Magma Charta for the per-
peiuation of American standards of
living
Representative Frcar. in his minor
itE report. which previously had been
made public. said the measure was
subject TO criticism for many un-
necessarily high duties Ihat will in-
crease the burdens OF the consumer
He also characterized some pro-
visions OF the bill. particularly the
dye schedule. as "indcfIns iblc." and
Hs an dDaHnbIIHtUt ol party DlcuscS-
Democratic members of the commit
tee were preparing their criticisms
OF the bill tonight with view to pre-
scnting their minority report to-
morrow when the measure is taken
up for reading or for detailed legis-
lation by Chairman Fordney.
Republicans Confer.
Meantime, Republican members of
the House met in conference tonight
20 determine. il possible. procedure
TO be followed in putting the meas
ure. through the House. Decisions
which leaders hoped 10 reach in
cluded the length OF time for general
debate and for the consideration Of
amendments. Those In charge OF the
measure hoped 20 conclude general
debate in ten days or two weeks.
and then to go into detailed con-
slderation of the bill under restrict
ed discussion. at which time any
amendments would be taken up.
Chairman Fordneys report said
that in drafting the bill. the Repub-
iican members OF the Ways and
Means Committee were governed by
a desire to encourage American in
dus;ry without at the same time
saddling any unnecessary burdens on
the consumer. The agricultural
products schedule was described as
IAN all-Amcrican tariff OH a normal
basis" and with reference TO the
1crptinucd op paUc - 1sni ~
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-07-07
Oppose. Use OF Armed Forces.

WASHINGTON. July ca resolu-
tion protesting against the possible
use OF American armed forces in the
Mexican oil fields and requesting the
President, il compatible with the
Public interest, 10 transmit imme- :
diatcly to the Senate all documents 9
and other Information relating TO the
present situation in Mexico. especi-
ally as involving any orders to naval
officers. was introduced today by
Senator La Folletc. Republican, Wis
consin. The resolution also would de-
clare it the sense of the Senate shat
no troops should be landed on MeXi-
can soil or any other military action
taken without express authority from
Congress.
Senator la Toilette requested inn
mediate consideration of the resolu-
tion, but IL went over on objection OF
Senator Lodge, OF Massachusetts. the
Republican leader. Referring TO re-
ports that commanders OF naval vcs-
sells at Tampico had full authority 10
act in an emergency involving Ameri-
can citizens or properties in that see
ton the RESOLUTION sa id that tho
landing of troops and other hostili.ies
would be equivalent to making war
without the authority OF Congress as
prescribed by the Constitutions"