davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Oil and the Conference

According to The London Oil
News, attention of the public has
been drawn to the importance or
oil as one Of the subjects To be dis
cussed at the Washington confer
enCe.
The admission Of foreign capital
for oil development in the empire
would be no disadvantage TO the
latter, either internationally or
from a business point OF view
internationally, one may look at the
position and say without fear OF
contradiction that oil produced with
in the empire by Whomsocver
produced would belong to the emu
pire and be an asset to the empire in
time OF war or other emergency,
From a business point Of view It Is
obvious that the more we produce
the better, that the more oil we
shall be OF foreign sources Of sup
ply, and that abundant and cheap
power looks 10 oil in the near
future more perhaps than Ia any
thing else for it's realization. II is
only fair that in return for such
concession the United States should
be asked 10 concede one or Two
things. II Is only fair that Amer
lea should be urged TO stop waste IN
her oil industry Two points arls-
ing out OF the Washington confer
enoe as discussed In the London
Times, may be touched upon. Ihat
article alludes to some association
OF the British government with the
ROYAL Dutch Shell group. This
has had the effect OF drawing from
Hon. Walter samuel chairman OF
the Shell Transport g. Trading Co.
a statement that the British govern
ment has no participation In or
agreement with the Royal Dutch
Shell group-Sir Charles Greenway,
chairman OF the Anglo-Perslan'
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Western Runs and Stocks

The receipts OF crude petroleum
from tho wells OF Oklahoma gnd
Kansas during the month " OctN-
Der by the pipelines and companies
OF that division which make monthly
reports Of thoir runs and estimates
OF the receipts by the smaller lines
aggregated l2,7S4.214 barrels The
average ~ the daily receipts was
fi2,f92 barrels. Compared with the
month OF September there was an
increase OF 1906 SbS barrels In tho
total, hut a decrease OF 9.I26 In tho
daily average This is accounted
for by the fact that there was one
more day in October than In sep
tcmher. srhe daily average for tho
com biued runs Of October and Sep
tcmher was 4i7.556 barrels and for
the three months. including August.
Il vas 423.773 barrels, Compared
with the figures for October. 1890.
the runs from this division for Oc-
tobcr OF this year represent an In
crease OF only 2S.Se6 barrels In the
total and 1891 barrels In the daily
average.
Deliveries Ne the Kansas Okla
homa lines during October amounted
10 12.o65.453 barrels, or an increase
Of 76s.ili barrels when compared
with the previous month. The daily
average was 4ls.240 barrels, an in
crease Of 1883 barrels over the fig
ures for September. The shipments
IN October. 1920 we're 19,Ois9Ab
barrels and the daily average was
419.965 barrels
The total Of the crude oil receipts
during October from the wells ty
the pLsciines Of the kansas-p pkla-
homa division and those east of the
Mississippi that make regular re.
ports. was l5.182,O37 barrels. or
72.796 barrels moro than for Sep
tember. Tho daily average receipts
Of these lines for October WAS fSg,
7i3 barrels For September II was
500 $40 barrels and for August $50
s27 barrels This Is the first time
IN nearly half a year that the re-
ceipts from the territory have been
less than 500,0 barrels. figure
which until that time had never
been exceeded In this report. This
decrease from the figures of two
months previous indicates that the
production In oklahoma, Kansas and
the fields east OF tho Mississippi
river ls steadily declining and that
the high mark established this year
will probably not be exceeded for
some time 10 como.
The following tables give the
amount OF crude petroleum held In
storage by the several pipelines
mentioned by the different divisions
OF the oil field and the amount ot
each grade at the sot 10 cbfsu
each grade at tho close OF business
October 81:
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

The Increase recorded during tho
month Of October was smaller than
the increase for any other recent
month. In Septe mbcr Il amounted
TO 1.5S0,75o barrels, I'm August. A.
444.O95 barrels; in July. 4,005.793
barrels; in June. 3.s05,6 66I barrels,
in May i,922.59S barrels; IN April,
i,6O1,7Is barrels, and I'm March, o.
211,17s barrels. The manner I'm
which the stocks OF crude oil COW
cred by this report have been in
Creasing during 1921 can be best
realized when II is considered that
the total on Dece mber al, 1920, was
62,2l1.206 barrels, or 22,3s7.34
barrels less than the latest total.
During October there was an in
crease OF 235.329 barrels in tho
stocks held by the ehstern pipelines,
an increase OF 67.7t2 barrels In the
amount held by the Illinois Pipe
Line company, an increase of S64, ,l24
barrels In the stocks held by tho
Md Continent lines. The above
figures do not include i,35o,o00 bar
rels held In storage on private tank
farms and leases, and 100000 bar
rels held in transit BY breakdowns
in pump stations. These figures are
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
G'iiiiaRd Properties Not
being Sold to Standard

Ihere have been many fake re-
ports IN regard 10 the Gilliand oil
conpany's holdings; the major part
OF which are in Louisiana, being
,sken over by the Standard OF
louisiana, some bright newspaper
writer's have estimated the value of
'ae holdings at as high as $4,000, 900
" Eh0O0,000, when in fact the value
more than double either amount;
ana as oil production is selling now,
Snn ~ouid readily command some S14,-
VVO,OO0 To S15,OO0,OOO.
me report is similar to one that
appeared in an Oklahoma paper a
week or two ago. that stated there
was another big company on the
verge OF bankruptcy. IL failed to
and speaking of rumors, II Is
DOUBTLESS a fact that IN no other
business, would the publica ation Of
harmful, not to say, MALICIOUS
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

fulure holds forth much that is
encouraging to the oil producer
John r. Burke. OF buffalo y v.
y director I'm tho Atlantic Petroleum
corporation aud partner of ~. N.
Gccis, Ia IN the city
Percy Mcconnell who now regis
tors from CINCINNATI. ohio. b. IN
Tulsa, and be- accompanied Ivy David
fritL OF that city
a. .. stuart has resigned his
position with charles Page. and
has accepted place with tho
liowgukla Oil company Mt
Stuart was In command of a sub
marine chaser iu tho Gult ~ Mex
igu during the war. and has since
worked iu practically every depart
mcut ~ the oil and gas business.
lie Will have charge of the Homa
oklaE Interests iu McKit, Wurtham,
and kos,C TcNas fields.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Win The Oil Men

Frank Hutsnu, Who was one Of tho
Few lucky ones during the boom IN
Texas, In 1920, having escaped with
his lifo and with comfortable FOR
tune besides; chad hc ever been for
tuHato enough TO get what was com
ing 10 him), is ia the city and says
that II would be hard 10 estimate
how much II cost the oil mon to
play the game In "lime county IN
Texas 1T IL inconCeivablc how
men. who know the game, lost their
heads during the excitement down
there, ana are now trying hard to
forget It," said Mr. Hutson. Mrs
Hutsou accompanied Mr. HUtson 10
Tulsa, and is visiting at the home of
S. l. Ford. Of the Producers q Re
finers corporation. The trip form
MuskoRee where the Hutsons now
make their home. was made insthelr
car.
Harry Heasley is back from a
Thanksgiving visit to his old home
at Emlenton, Pa.
Edward Mac Taggart OF Marietta.
ohio Is I'm the city and IL accom-
panied by II. H. Maynard OF chic
ago, "A bond broker who is looking
over the field with Mr.. MacTaggart
as a guide. MacTaggart has been
In Mexico since he was here last.
but had tho misfortune TO be
there at tho time there was
more or less excitement about
the invasion OF the bubonic plague.
and rather than take dose OF the
preventive which IL "a serum treat
ment, he perfcrred to mako his
visit short. Mr.. MacTargart Ii
one of. the best posted oil men In
the business. and has n large num-
ber OF holdings principally royal
ties, In the best parts OF the Mid
Continent field He thinks that the
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
TU0 Failures in
Bald Hill District

The Independent Oil & Gas Co.,
and Waite Phillips are shut down
at 2,2So feet after finding the shall
low sand dry, which was encount-
cred from 2,2t2 to 2,2i5 feet on
their No. Tiger allotment in the
northeast corner of the southeast Of
the southwest OF 22-15-14. The
we'll may possibly be drilled deeper.
The oklahoma Central Oil COM
pany missed the sand and is fishing
for the bit at 2,250 feet, on No.
H-12, town farm, in the northwest
of the southwest of the southeast
OF s2-i5-i4.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

predictio-s be tolerated. as Il is in
the oil business.
During the depression IL was an
Very-day occurrence to see II re-
corded that first one and then an.
other OF the larger oil companies.
were "ender pressure" As Il
turned out, there were only two
concerns that were seriously affect
ed. and this, while scord Of large
operating companies were caught by
the sudden drop in price OF crude
from $3.50 to 81 barrel.
No other business could have
come through II all 80 well. and the
prophets Of evil are still prophecy
ing and will continue 70 do 90 to
the end OF the chapter
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
MI. MARKET ororAruosa
Pure oil Company
10 Build Line

Tho Pure oil company is pro.
ceedlng with unusual alacrity in
the matter Of building a pipeline 10
Tho gulf. and this in spite OF the
many predictions TO the effect that
this line would never be built, and
for the reason, as IL was most
frequently stated; that The stand
ard would not allow another line
IN that direction"
In order that the matter might
be definitely settled: the Pure oil
company, at it's headquarters in
Columbus, Ohio, was asked for
statement, and II was readily forth
coming II should be settle all
possible doubts and is as follows:
with the awarding OF contracts
for pipe. pumps and engines, the
Humphreys Pure Oil Pipeline COM
pauys new project from the Mexia,
Texas fields TO the Gulf cost, has
taken definite form.
"The first pump station will be
started at once on a site that has
been acquired for this purpose at
league, a short distance east OF
Mexla, on the Trinity and Brazos
railroad.
CONSTRUCTION OF the pipeline is
started south from this point. Com
tracts for the pipe have been
awarded 80 per cent TO the Youngs-
town sheet and Tube company of
Youngstown, Ohio. and so per
cent TO the Mark Manufacturing
company Of Chicago.
Engines have been contracted
for with the DE va Vergne Machine
company of New York, and con-
tracts for pumps was awarded TO
the Goulds Manufacturing company
OF Seneca Falls, N. Y.
Deliveries are to begin Inn
medately: as the company has
secured rights OF way south out OF
league. and Is prepared TO push
construction rapidly. The pipe will
90 through TO the QUIZ coast, but
the company Is not ready 20 an
nounce the exact location IL it's
southern terminus.
Reports with reference 10 a
refinery on the Gulf coast, are
without official authority or the
Humphreys-P on interests, as
the consideration OF such possible
plant have not resulted in any def
mite plan.
For the present the Pure Oil
company is moving Mexia crude at
the rate OF approximately 5000
barrels day to the coast, where 1t
is transferred to tankers FOR
delivery to the company"
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Ruin in Bdku OIL Fields

writer in the New York Jour
mai OF Commerce, confirms the in
terNiew recently given the World by
{. B. Wrightsman. prominent young
OIL operator and arronaut. on his
return from an extensive trip over
the oil districts Of Rumania, Rus
STA. and Continental Europe. The
story printed in the Journal of
Copmercc bears tho Baku. Axerbai-
hn date line. and Is as follows:
within six months the oil fields
lylng within few miles of this city,
tBaku AzerbaiJen,l and once count
ca among the richest petroleum
wells In the world. will have ceased
10 produce. according TO cxpcrt
opinion unless new machinery and
better and more workmen are OBJ
talned
This condition Is acutely realized
by the local Azorbaiion government.
which is controlled 10y Moscow that
" oil is not forthcoming. II will
mean stopping Of oil-burning steam
crs on the Caspian sea, uf which
thcre are several hundred In mum
bcr and the 1000 or more tug boats
and steamers OF the Nolga. still in
repair, and also tho oil-hurning To-
comotivos of The entire railway sys-
tom Of greater Russia.
Efforts are being made to OBJ
tain machinery possibly from the
United States by NJ. Serabrovsky
trained engineer and now the gener
| al director OF oil fields Efforts
are also being mado 10 induce the
wOrkmCn 60 work. Black Town.
as Is called the oil refining and de-
livery district. presents a sad sight
as compared 60 the old days, tho
buildings OF tho Nobel refinery. tho
most important OF companies rep
resented, arc going TO ruin, while
makeshifts are tho rule every
where"
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Late Reports From
Kansas Wildcat

A. II. Jones Of independence.
Kan, and G. y. Roth. also of that
city, both well known and popular
oil men. have a 1000 barrel well In
their Thrall farm wild cat. in the
southeast corner of the southeast OF
29-23-lO. Greenwood county, Kan,
according TO a report from there last
night.
The well was drilled In yesterday.
top Of the Sallyards sand being
found at 2,2s7 feet. The test is
eight miles southeast OF the Teeters
pool. and on a general line with the
Sallyards pool. Mr.. Jones being the
man that opened up that prolific
spot.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Simple Way To
Take Off Fat

There can bo nothinE simpler than tpk-
ing a oon,ssient little tablet four times
each day until your weight N reduced 90
normal That's all just purchase q ease
Of MArnoia Prescription Tablets from
your dfuEEist for ono dollar the same
price the world over. FOLLOW directions
NO starvation dieting or tiresome cH.
etcisinH, Eat substantial f0odH-bc az
lazy 49, you like and keep on getting Tllm
mcr. Ana the host part of MarmoiA rab.
tets rs they are harmless That ia your
absolute safeguard. Purchase them from
your druggist. or send direct tn Msrmoia
Co. isi2 Woodward Ave. Detroit, Mitch.
--AdvertlEsincnt,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

T.. " Perry returned yesterday
from trip to Chicago and Kansas
city aud says that the rumors
started during his absence In re.
gard 60 a campaign Of extensions
IN altogether unfounded We are
putting In 80 new pressure stills"
said Mr.. Perry, and are doing this
To take care OF the requirements Of
1922 when Of course We are expect
ing n large increase In the demand
FOR Gasoline The outlook Tor bust
ness is improving every day"
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Ticker Done

President Ratcliff has issued tho
NEW YORK-Invlncible OIL
following statement: 1.-TWO addi-
tional wells have been brought In
on Haynesvllle. La. property, 1000
and 5000 barrels respectively. This
proves up largely additional terri
tory and one more well is to be
expected in at an early date. The
two new wells increase production
OF the company In Haynesvillo dis
trlct to 5000 barrels and com
pany's total production to 10000
barrels.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Standard oil Gets
Mesopotdmid Field

LONDON, Nov. 27.--A dispaich
10 the London Times from Bahara.
Asiatic Turkey, dated Friday. says
the Times OF Mesopotania under
stands from a reliable source that
oil concessions I'm northern Persia
have been granted to the standard
oil company for fifty years. The
newspaper adds that II Is reported
that the Persian government Will
receive ~ per cent of the gross
profits.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
USED HAMMER ON EX-WIFE

LEAVENwORTH Kan. Nov ~
Frank BodenshatE, 25 a watcrworl,s
engineer. was making n fight tor
his life in a hospital here today az
result OF drinking Carbolic acid
early Sunday morning. lie iS alleged
to have visited the home OF Ruby
Rodcnschatz, his divorced wife. and
there attacked her with n hammer.
She IL being cared for at the home
or friends Hor condition ts not
serious Jealousy was thought to
have prompted nodenschatz' activ-
tiles
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Sdrtdin and Others
Lucky Again

Sartain and associates are get
ting another nice producer In
the Bristow district, their No.
williams, IN southwest OF the
northwest OF 22-l6-19 being csti-
mated at 200 barrels and Ia making
about 4.00O,00O or 100000 feet OF
gas, The same people brought In an
s00 barrel producer in No. 1 in a.
1919. about month ago, This last
well is still producing 200 barrels
daily.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Kansas Wildcats
of Much Interest

Jones g. Roth have a hole full of
oil in their wildcat test in the
southeast corner OF the southeast
of 2s-23-1O, In the country south
east Of the Teeter pool. in Green
wod county, Kansas. Sand was
topped at 2,2s7 feet and they now
have 23 feet OF IT,, The oil Is 80
gravity.
Heron and others have hole
full Of Al gravity oil at 2.725 feet
in their test in the southwest cor
ncr OF lot 7 in 9l-26-s, Eldorado
field, Kansas.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Sturm & Heglcer We'll
SDruying

The Sturm e. Hegor well in the
southwest corner OF the northeast
of the southwest OF 23-11-i1, IA
making around 60 barrels OF oil
from the lower stratas OF the gas
sand, which was topped at 2,045
feet. This well has been making
100000 feet of gas and is now
spraying oil.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Small !ShOw in ShdIlow Pay

Waite Phillips had 30-barrel
show in the upper sand. found from
2,400 to 2.422 feet. I'm his tost at the
southeast corner OF the southeast OF
26-li-l1. Lyons pool About 1000
600 feet OF gas was also encountered
test
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
CAPITAL MAY RECOUNT VOTE
Officials Also Considering Another
ElcrtiOu Duo 90 NartNnw Defeat,

By International News Service
OKLAHOMA cry. Nov as
Probability that the bond issue COM
mittcc would ask for another cipr-
ton on watCrworkg bonds was the
prevailing belief today. since Satur.
days election ou several bond issuea
showed defeat ot only six votes
la the tahuiation ot the water bonds
final count.
a recount may also bc demanded
In view Of tho close vote Tht 81.
SUE called Tor 1880 600 90 be cN.
pended In improvement in city wa
terworks and general sewage re.
pairs.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
MANY B0LSHEVIKI KILLED
1hr'C Thousand Reported Slain
During Rattle with white"
tk,nulana

t.ONDoiS, Nov IS Three thou
sand holsheviis Wcrc Killed In street
fighting with white" Ukanians at
Chitomiar after Henctal petura'S
anti-red forces occupied the town.
according "a an Exchange Telegraph
dispatch from Hclsingfors today,
quoting an unconfirned report cur
rent here.
The dispatch follow
TT W reported hcrc that General
1ctlurn has occupied Chltoniar,
hanging 1900 bolshcvlka Three
thousand were Killed I'm the streets.
a quarter OF million rkrpulana
are now under arms kameuctz.
podolsk has been proclaimed capital
city Of the now tk-nnian state"
EOPENHAGEN Nov. aS-AntI
holshcvik Ukraniun fdrcef have sur
rounded tieff. whore desperate
fighting Ia IN progress. according IA
dispatch to the Burinskltitonde
today Kiefg is tho capital OF Ukra.
MIA
Fighting for tho pouossion ~
lNicft has been going apasuodicallS
for a week
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
TULSA DAILY WORLD TuEspAY. NOVEMBER %. 1e2l

in the southwest OF Ss-2i-7. on the
Yves Tolcr fce
McCray and Smith are drilling
their No. : deeper In the northwest
OF the southeast Of S-iO.7.
q. e. Moffitt and others are
drilling at 2,3OO feet in their No. I
IN the southeast Of the southwest
% the northeast OF a2-20-7. Degner
estate
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
Texas Has Nice Producer
at Bald Hill

The Texas company No. s.
Jefferson farm, completed last
week and located at the center Of
the east line OF the southwest Of
the southwest OF 22-i5-l4. is st.ll
estimated at 500 barrels daily. sand
was found from asa TO 2,20b feet
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

points out that tho British govern
ment exercises no control whatever.
either directly or through govern
mcnt directors, over commercial
dminiStration OF his the company.
this having been made special
condition Of the issue Of shares held
by the government.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29
OILAND GAS
Lss'es--spppiies---ProasetlSn. Etc

FOR sALE-I20 AGREES good land
oaled ] miles north OF Tulaa on
psNeo highway 20 Skiatook, si15 per
s., terms II desired Royalty now
sylns 5000 per day. II Is a real
psaln Call or write office GOT.
,is, National Bank Bldg.--Adver-
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

practically the same as tor the pre-
Ccding month.--Ou city Derrick,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

Inorease

Tho following table gives tho
amount of crude petroleum held in
storage by tho several pipelines
mentioned in tho different divisions
uf the oil field, and tho amount OF
each grade. at the close OF business
Septemher 30s
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

n,ne wide variety and very COM
gsNss STOCK OF oil accounting ana
Migp torms carried in stock by the
Snr, est Printing company, 42O
rs,in boston, makes Il very con-
in5ht i51sht Tor the members OF the oil
n usslry to select the forms needed
helf business. as they can pur-
eoss N small lots at a minimum
'0s''--Advertisement.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

a'iiave two leases close to Gypsy
s"ins son.s well in 24-22-i, Noble
ss,U,nly' az reasonable price. Quick
s'oh' Usage 5625.---Advertise ment.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1921-11-29

Harry Heasley is back from a
Thanksgiving visit to his old home
at Emlenton, Pa.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-04-09
IMPROVEMENTS IN
NILES PARK START
Local Architect in Charge of
Construction Work in
New Resort.

Special 20 Tho News-Timcs
NILES. Mich, April S.-COnstruc-
ton work ON the g. acre tract pur-
chased by f. J. Plym. president of
the Kawneer Mfg. Co. which ne
plans 10 develop into a first class
municipal park TO be presented 20
the city of Niles has begun. The
work is being supervised by Ernest
w. Young. South Bend architect.
who has been employed to design
the club house.
When completed. the park viii
possess an up-to-date club house.
a uine-hole golf course laid out an
such a manner that it may oven
tually be increased To is holes.
baseball diamond. football gNdirOn.
tennis courts running tracks and
picnic grove, together with an eX-
tensive playground and wading
pool for the Riddles. II is planned
% utilize an old canal bed on thu
property for skating in winter and
canoeing throughout the summer
months.
The track is ideally suited for its
purpose owing TO its typography
and the quality OF the soil. Mr.
Plym also has an option on an
other piece of adjoining land which
viii I'm time be added 20 the pres
emit grounds.