davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1921-10-13
GOOD RESIDENCE FOR SALE.

All modern conveniences; in good
condition. One two or three lots go
with the house Good location in first
ward TIFF GEO. WooLRICH.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27

issues OF German stamps, because for real
American dollar one can purchase all the
stamps he can carry from any postoffce or
corner drug store in Germany. But it would
be and is profitable to make fake copies of
old rarities among German stamps of fifty or
sixty years ago, and it is in this direction that
the schemers over in Berlin are turning their
attention. They have been smart enough, too,
not to try initiating any of the imperial issues,
/. e., stamps issued since the German states
were united Immediately after the Franco
Prussian War, because the present national
government in Berlin could make it highly un-
comfortable for the counterfeiters of these
stamps. Instead, the takers have turned their
energies mostly to the obsolete countries, states
that before 1870 issued their own postage
stamps but subsequently became part of the
Kaisers realm. Thurn and Taxis, Bavaria
Wuertemburg and Hanover are among the
favorites. Invading foreign countries, they
have chosen certain ancient Swiss and Aus
trian issues and few from other lands. But
in all cases that have come to light this par
.ticular band of takers has adhered to the pol
icy Of initiating stamps so out of date that no
present government will care if they are coun-
terfeited.
Some genuine stamps are cheap that they
can be bought for song. Others are so rare
that they command prices running into five
figures. Sometimes the only difference be-
tween a cheap stamp and rare one is SO
slight that the layman cannot see any dis
tinction. Perhaps there is a shade of differ
ence in color, perhaps one is on water marked
paper and the other is on plain; perhaps one
has notches around the edges that the COL
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Gravells.

ing the original Latin he continued without
even deigning to translate.
Equally inyariable was the quotation by
ever speaker of that famous message from
Toch to Joffre at the first battle of the Marne,
in which Foch, reporting the situation excel
lent because he was being pushed back ali
sides, announced that he would attack. 1t
was long ago determined that the message was
the work Of inspired war correspondent,
who attributed 1t to Foch. But so often has
the Marshal heard himself credited with 1t in
this country he must wish that he had sent
it, if he has not come to believe that he did.
Although this quotation has been the only
one which the speakers could find that seemed
to bespeak the great soldier, it was never
given twice in the words. 1t remained
for Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War in
the critical days, during one of his several
speeches in Cleveland, to make it absurd:
"My right is in disorder, my left in retreat
I am attacking with my center Everything
is fine"
At one banquet the president of the Cham
Der of Commerce, endeavoring to uphold the
glory of the city, after thirty minute re-
hearsal of the war, in which he carefully
showed how the Marshal had single-handed
kept the German hordes from Paris and saved
civilization, climaxed his efforts with the fol-
lowing words
Ladies and gentlemen" he shouted, sI
nominate Marshal Foch for the highest place
for all time in the hall of fame' The nomi-
nation must have been carried by acclaim
without any investigation of the speakers
authority, for later at another meeting an
other speaker heralded him as the greatest
warrior of all time, past, present and future!
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Marshal Fch tackles a dining ith Hfrd MacNd,
o America ash is enrate

touched by the reception accorded him and
would make plea for the same unity among
the Allied nations to secure enduring peace
that had brought victory in war Disarma-
ment and Germany were subjects left entirely
to the diplomats at the Washington conference.
Marshal Foch never attempted to speak in
English, but various efforts were made to
welcome him in French. One former Colonel
of the Medical Corps at indianapolis labored
through eulogy in sounds he believed to be
French, despite an earlier denial by Captain
L'Hopital, secretary to the Marshal. The
speech had been shown to the captain for his
approval.
"But what is this?" queried the captain.
ut is not French"
why, yes indeed, it was written for me by
a French girl" protested the colonel 1t was
scarcely. more like French when the Colonel
delivered it, although it had been written out
phonetically.
One of the dozen or more degrees of Doctor
of Laws which the Marshal has received from
American colleges and universities was given
him by Duquesne University with the presenta-
tlon speech in dubious French. moment be-
fore just good degree had been awarded
him by the University of Pittsburgh with tne
speech in English. But honor at all costs had
to be done to the French origin Of the name
Duquesne
AT the st. Louis University ceremonies a
long address in French was read by an aged
dignitary, even unto the Lords Prayer at the
end. Another of the officials there also found
the English language utterly Inadequate
Con this great OCCASION" he began "the
words that come naturally to my mind are the
opening sentences of the Eneid." After quot
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27

as they had before. Twice negotiation.
broken Off over this point. After ten rv.s'1 ne's
settlement was reached in the s-so.;~
which Louis Brandeis had LARGO s ssaA-
not only solved the contentious @c1osas
ISSUE but installed prohs'5y the most anal,
tlous and noted experiment in industrial .sss
tratlon ever attempted in the United ST. .'T
LIN addition to introducing a aftvh~
week and raising wages between 25 sra ,as
per cent the settlement for the first tin,s
iished adequate machinery to provide e. 'a'-
carrying out of its own terms and INV - .s'e
something like permanency to tha ;,rn..As A's
ments 1T made. The closed shop was NOT s,rsss
ed, but the preferential union shop ,ras .ur
stituted for it. This provided that all -
should maintain union conditions and that r
hlring new employees union members sboula
DE given the preference. Thus non-union wor,
ers already in the shops were not obI:esd >.
join the union, but since there vera or,,
very small percentage Of them their prossn..
dld not interfere with the un.ya's aetna, .n~
troll Of wages and hours. Ever, the nros.s
INITIAL shop, however, would probably bsvob..-
ineffective had it not been for the cont;nno,.
machinery of adjustment provided bv thu DIV,
tocol of peace" This was somewhat .ors.s
Gated, but 1t WAS well enough adapted ,or q.
purpose, 30 that it prevented general xtr;s..
for six successive years.
Under the protocol the union maints,r.s
better conditions and founded It's uowsr ~.
the instrument did not result, as many had
hoped, in permanent peace. A time came. h+.
in 1914, when the industry fell into danr.,.
sion on account of the war Wages. st;y
largely paid by the piece, went down rapd,v
and unemployment was prevalent The union
entered many complaints about DISCHARGES
which, it believed, resulted from discrin;na.
tlon against union members, and the mann.
facturers, in turn, charged the union With
stoppages of work in individual shous A.
length the employers association took the
aggressive and abrogated the protocol on Nav
20, 1915. This followed Immediately altar
dramatic trial which had aroused intense feel
ing in the union Several members, includ.
ing officials, had suddenly been accused Of
murder on charges growing out of the strike
five years before. They were brilliantly de-
Tended by Morris Hillquit, and were ac
quilted. The members felt that the empIov-
ers had attempted first to discredi be union
and now to destroy it. They saw the shadow
of the sweatshop stealing over them again
and prepared for war.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27

A EASY way to make million dol
~ lars-or, perhaps, better say million
K "a marks-has been brought within the
reach of every one. All you have to
do is--well, now, wait minute and all the
details will come up in the proper order.
Some German schemers worked out the plan,
and its success is attested by the fortunes they
have made. Collectors of postage stamps are
the victims, for it is to this band of avid
seekers after old masters Of the philateic world
that German countcrfeiters are selling gold
bricks. They are selling them in grandiose
style, with no hesitancy about charging hun
dreds of dollars for bogus rarity that was
made out of an almost worthless piece of paper
And not only are the STAMP doctors" turning
out wares at their factories" that stand the
scrutiny of some experts, but they are causing
no little unrest among the innocent who buy
some gem of stamp in good faith from across
the water, only to find that Berlin was the
nearest it ever got to Kimberley or an honest
to-goodness postofiice.
Counterfeiting always has been profitable
business; in fact, its dividends have been the
fattest OF all-until the takers got caught
They usually do get caught if they try operat-
ing in the United States, because of the activ-
tiles of the Federal Secret Service men here
But IN some countries, and particularly in Ger
many at the present time, it seems to be possi-
BILE to carry on great, organized counterfeit
Ing business without fear of molestation. AS
result. the postage stamp market in Ger
many IS being flooded with spurious specimens
There wouldn't be any point in counterfeit
ing German marks nowadays printing press
couldn't turn out enough in a day to pay for
the electricity to run the press. Neither
would it be profitable to initiate the current
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Uniformity of Praise,
Nos Pronunciation

Certainly there have been times on his tour
when it would have been interesting, II not
altogether fattering, to know his thoughts
What has he thought of the speeches attempted
in French phonetic and otherwise; of the
speakers who insisted on refreshing his men,
ory of the entire war; or those who quoted and
misquoted him a message which he never
really sent, and of the orators who undertook
to sing his praise for all time, especially the
future, without once pronouncing his name
correctly or twice in the same way?
What are his thoughts when daily he sits
down to luncheon in his honor and finds roast
chicken before him, and then again at night
when he is banqueted on "poule ROTH"
The Mayor of Pittsburgh, at the close of the
roast chicken luncheon he and the City Council
gave the Marshal, quoted him, as an indica-
tion of his delightful humor and humaneness,
as saying: "The coffee is the best part of this
luncheon, and this cigar is the best part Of
the coffee" The Mayor liked the phrase so
we'll that he repeated it later at the banquet,
for which thousands Of other chickens had been
slaughtered and roasted.
In making the remark, however, the Marshal
possibly was giving thanks that he was allowed
at least the coffee and tobacco to which he was
dinner
And yet there was his salute to group Of
giggling girls as he went into the luncheon
given him by the Cleveland Chamber Of Com
merce. He had long since become resigned to
the inevitable, and was not at all daunted by
the visions of nude chickens fitting lamey on
roasted wings before his eyes, other than pos
sibly to long inwardly for some arny goulash.
ROWING low tn the vo,1uu syNnoac who had
come to catch a glimpse Of him, the great
spoke in French that was translated for
them by member Of his staff after he had
gone on.
"Girls, you are the best part Of the Chamber
of Commerce and its luncheon" was his COM
ment. But, fortunately for Cleveland, it hap
pened that while the members of the associ-
alton ate chicken with relish, the Marshal and
his immediate staff, seated on platform, were
given lamb chops, which they ate with evil
dent gusto.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Set Example of Breuisy
That Wasn't Needed

The most trying ordeals the Marshal has
had to undergo have not been the speeches
ne has had to make but the speeches he has
had to listen to. Although he has never indi-
Gated that the longer the speeches the better
ne liked them, most of the speakers have as
sumed just that. To judge from his own
brief, pithy addresses, it would seem that some
OF the several millions of words spoken in his
honor and welcome might we'll have gone un-
said.
Whether the fiamboyant remarks were
whispered into his ear by Colonel Frank
Parker, U. S. A., his functional Interpreter.
or not, the Marshal usually sat quietly and
refectively chewing his mustache Not even
the toastmaster at the Chamber of Commerce
luncheon in Cleveland could evoke a smile
when he declared that he would favor the
Marshal by not calling upon him for an ex
tended address,
His remarks have nearly always followed
the same formula, except for their local ap
plication. He favored Pittsburgh with his
longest speech, because from that citv and
vicinity had come 55 per cent of the munitions
shipped to France. At his request he had
been taken to visit the Homestead steel mills
there. Seldom speaking as long as ten min
utes, he would say that he had been deeply
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
WHAT DOES MARSHAL FOCH
THINK OF AMERICA?
By ROBERT w. POTTER

most Of the soldiers and ex-soldiers he had seen
had come out willingly to honor their former
commander in chief, but would not have done
so for any one else and least of al! to drill
The next morning at Camp Custer the Marshal
was greeted by salute Of nineteen shots fired
by battery Of National Guard artillery that
had travelled sixty miles in open trucks solely
for that purpose.
The presence Of the Marshal and the other
foreign guests to dignity the American Legion
convention at Kansas City and later the burial
Of our Unknown Soldier on Armistice Day in
the National Cemetery at Arlington was the
reason for the Legion bringing them to this
country before they were needed at the dis
armament conference. The Marshal's two-day
visit in Kansas City was one of surprises for
him.
He could not fathom the contrast between
the noisy, milling throngs that choked the
main streets of the city and the quiet, business
like atmosphere that always pervaded the
crowded convention hall. He was deeply
touched when taken one morning for tour of
many miles past the schools Of the city and all
the way between two lines of school children,
and could only say at the end: II love each one
Of these little children"
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
One Officer Who Missed
Seeing the Marshal

Many were the parades Of troops that the
Marshal reviewed. No better proof that he is
rightly beloved as a commander could be asked
than was demonstrated by his punctilious re-
turn of every salute and his saluting every
time the colors passed, and with as much snap
at the end of two hours or more as at the
Z beginning of the interminable parades.
But what did he think Of the lieutenant
colonel in the long procession at indianapolis
who strobe past the reviewing stand with his
right hand at the proper salute position, but
With his eyes turned to the left and away from
the stand until after he had passed it, and
then, realizing be had seen nothing Of Mar
shall of France, began to look about in wonder
ment? A laugh greeted him from the sidelnes
he had saluted, but not even smile passed
over the Marshal's face. nor did frown
cloud it.
Indeed, so frequent and so long were these
parades of troops and so numerous were his
bodyguards of soldiers that In Chicago, where
he was escorted for the first time by infantry
with bayonets flashing at the ends Of their
rifles, he remarked that to casual observer
the United States would appear to be a mill
taristic nation. Hanford MacNider, new COM
mander of the American Legion, which acted
as host not only to Marshal Foch but also to
Admiral Beatty, General Jacques and General
pias, FASTENED 70 explain to the Marshal that
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Unions First Victory
Came in 1910

The first decisive victory of the union came
IN 1910. The oakmakers''-operatives IN
women's cloaks, suits and skirts-amost all
men, went out in body, for the first time
closing down virtually every garment shop in
the industry. The way for this effective
strike had been prepared by years of propa-
ganda in the workers press and by the nar-
slstence and self-sacrifce of leaders in snte
OF repeated Encouragement. At last. how
ever, the rank and file knew what thew were
about, and leaders having the necessary ca
paclty were at hand. The spirit of the union
mad also been much strengthened by the pres
ence of refugees from the attempted Russian
revolution of 1905
It was during this strike that an association
consisting OF some of the largest EMPLOYERS
was formed to deal with the union Manv
OF the small and Independent shops settled ON
the unions terms. The association was willino
to make concessions in wages, hours and other
matters, but it would not grant the main de-
mand--the closed shop. This the union stub
bornly insisted upon, however, because it felt
that If a permanent status were not given If
in this way all other concessions would vanish
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
~ ERD1NAND FocH. Marshal of

- ERDINAND FOCH. Marshal of
~ France, tho man who throttled the
- latest menace to civilization, already
has Arm grip on the great heart Of
the United States. He has travelled fast and
far aimee his triumphal arrival in New York
on October 20. He has covered more than four
thousand miles and visited practically all Of
tho larg., cities between Boston, Washington
and Kansas City. He has seen much Of these
cities and more Of their citizens, for they have
turned out in unprecedented numbers to well
come him.
Acclaimed wherever he has gone as the fore
most soldier of at least his time, he has
won the hearts Of all by the innate modesty
which ever shows in his bearing, action and
word. There can be no doubt what these
Americans think Of him. To observed ad-
miration of the soldier has been added great
and sincere affection for this simple man.
This much and more has already been said
in far more extravagant terms in the columns
of the daily press. The writer. as one of the
fortunate correspondents who accompanied
Marshal Foch on his tour, can suggest as the
only adequate measure Of his welcome the size
of the places he visited or even merely touched
for a few minutes. Wherever he has stopped
the Marshal has seen the entire population out
to do him honor.
What he thinks of us he has told in part.
As he has said in practically every speech he
has made here: "Your cordial welcome makes
me feel that you are saying, in effect, What
you have done over there is exactly what we
wanted you to do" He has frequently COM
mended our "energy, youthfulness and en-
thusiasm" and the vastness of our industries.
But whatever the provocation, he has never
uttered word of criticism indicated in
any way that he has been displeased with
what he has seen or found here. A gentle
man, he does occasionally WELD his fork with
his left hand.
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Principle of Joint
Dealing at Stake

The question Of piece work versus week
work, like many Of the specific questions o.
the past, is highly contentious and comph
Gated one. But on this occasion, as on tne
previous ones, the manufacturers association
has managed to get itself into such position
that the union can command public sympathy
on the broad ground Of maintenance Of agree
ments and the upholding of law and order ~
industry. The principle of joint dealing ls ~
stake. These attacks always seem to thfea's'i
the unions existence. They come when ln'
economic situation is unfavorabe, and glso
justification to the cry that the restoration =.
the sweatshop is possibility. THOUSANDS v
small contractors still exist Though the o00
members of the manufacturers assoclal'o'
are all technically "inside shops"-that s
shops in which work is actually done, ra'het
than merely merchandising concerns - many
of them do give out a large part OF their "0'A
to contractors About 5000 members OF the
union work directly for members Of the asso.
citation, about 5000 for other ''inside snops
and between $4,000 and 10000 for contsass
ors. If the union should be so weakened iAS'
methods of negotiation could not prevail 50
weakened that it could not keep an argus-ess'
vigilance over the $500 small contraetol"
there would be no force strong enough ID p'S
vent the return of such conditions as shose
described by DR.. Daniel in 1901. Fortuna'sv'
however. this result is hardly probable
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Piece Work Ever a Bone
OF Contention

In 1919 second lockout came: This time
the union won clear victory, establishing
the right of review of discharges But in the
mean time another issue had become prom
nent. Since the previous agreement had per-
mitted shop strikes it had upset the standards
of wages throughout the city, because, natur
ally, the employees in some shops were able
to make better bargains on piece prices than
those in others. This caused even more dis
satisfaction than previously with piece work.
which had always been bone of contention
So payment by the week, at standard rates
was greatly extended.
Then came the rapid rise in the cost Of liv-
ing which was felt after the war. Toward
the end Of 1919 the union applied for relief,
and special commission headed by Governor
Smith rendered unanimous decision in favor
of IL per cent increase The complaint had
been made in the slack season, when compara-
lively few were employed; the decision came in
February, 1920, at the beginning of the busy
season. The manufacturers now contend that
1t was to apply only to those who had been
employed when the complaint was made and
not to new people taken on. This would virtu-
ally have annuled the increase. After this
matter was settled the manufacturers began
to complain that week work" had lowered
production. Finally, on June 3, 1921, an agree"
ment was reached to appoint q committee to
study the matter of productivity, which was
to report on November l, 1921. But several
days before that date the manufacturers
formed a national organization at Atlantic
City and decided to install piece work ana
longer hours without regard to the conmI1r
tees report and without further consultation
New-York tribune., 1921-11-27
Labor Surplus Created
Stueatshop Methods

The history of the garment industry in New
York has been acted out before the public like
a play, In crisis after crisis. But so many
entr'actes have come between that little re-
freshng Of the memory may be needed to ex-
plain the present situation. We remember
the old Investigations which brought to public
attention the horrors of the sweatshops Jew
ish immigrants from Russia, Poland and Aus
tria had poured into New York to escape the
terrible repression of the 'SOs and the po-
groms Of the '90s. italians and many other
races were driven here by poverty at home.
Many Of these people had been tailors and
seam1tresses before arriving and naturally
fell into the ready-made clothing business
here, which was already largely in the hands
of their compatriots. great surplus in the
labor market was created. The clothing in
dustry itself of such nature that the
sweating system was easy-in fact, inevitable
Ihe natural result was unlimited hours,
starvation wages and abuses of all sorts.
And, as It to aggravate this confusion in the
industry, there was also it's highly seasonal
character. Garment workers could find little
employment for weeks at a time, every year
1t by some means they did happen to secure
better conditions during the busy season, all
their gains would disappear when the tide
went out again and the competition of the un-
employed became overwhelming. It is worth
remembering that during these years of mis-
cry for the garment worker payment by the
piece the rule.
Strike after strike, spontaneous and almost
unorganlzed, was directed against these con-
dltlons. The Strikes came as regularly as
the return OF the birds in spring; they were
one of the seasonal phenomena of the indus
try; but until 1910 they won almost no per-
manent gain because they were not compre-
henslve enough and because they established
no machinery to take control of the situation
after the strike was over. The force of the
o'd competition would depress the industry
again to the old level