davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
Hunger, Want, and Industrial Chaos
Found by Italian Union Secretary in
Survey of Russian Soviet Conditions

pound; eggs. from 12O to $50 rou-
bIes each. and butter, 600 roubles a
kiIO. The general population is
careless and Indifferent, and gives
me the same impression as our
SOutherners. They invariably an
swer any remark or advice with
'Nichevo' (mind your own business).
1t is difficult to say how much
this Indifference is due to the
apathetiC mUssulmar atavism of
this people and how much to an
aversion to the present regime and
hunger. misery and pain.
All this mass of wOrkmen offered
an imposing spectacle when they
were summoned to the assembly in
side the works. When the speeches
had been made to a crowd, which
was mostly jnattentive, a chant was
sung and only a few tired voices
took up the. refrain. A few hands
were lifted to vote the usual order
of the day. All these pale. thin
faces gave one a terrible impression
Of people suffering from the direct
panes Of hunger and only standing
on their feet by an effort of will
power. What pan. what sacrifice!
what misery
Found SaratOw Deserted.
The paper then briefly tells how
COlombino with his mission left
Moscow and journeyed, to the gov
ernment of Saratow. which was
almost completely deserted. The
following will suffice to give an idea
of the almost savage condition of
the population there:
When our steamer neared the
pier a swan Of nude female bathers
surrounded the boat and looked at
us impassive in their primitive cos
tune.
The workmen complained of the
scarcity of food. Saratow is a COM
mercial and agricultural center. A
great part of the lands have been
divided up amongst the peasants.
but all the manure is being used as
fuel instead of wood because only
) per cent of the whole territory is
covered by forests and because COM
muniCation between territories is
an unknown thing in Russia"
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
ITALIANS OPPOSE
JOINING SOVIETS

LEGHORN. ITALY. Jan. 16-The
first meeting of the international
Socialist congress held here today
developed strong opposition to the
proposal that Italian Socialists ad-
here to the precepts of the Third
InternatiOnaIe.
The Congress. which convened at
the GOIdoni Theater. was attended
by delegates from all former enemy
countries, including Germany. Aus
tria. Bulgaria and Turkey
Communist speakers took the at
titude that there had already been
p split in the italian socialist party
between the mOderates and the ex-
tremists Unitarian Socialists made
p strong effort to reach an under
standing with the Center group and
demanded the expulsion Of Deputies
Cfccotti and Turati. which the ma
iorfty of the congress voted to re-
fuse.
Several personal encounters
marked the meeting The confer
cnro will be continued tomorrow.
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
BELGIUM BUILDS
ARMY, FEARFUL
OF HUN ATTACK
New Policy Relies on
Men, Not on Forts as at
Wars Outbreak.
By r. III. SHEFFIELD.

BRUSSELS, Jan. l6.-BeIgian mis-
trust of Germany has brought even
'the Socialists to consent to the for
nation Of a strong army. While
recognizing that their ultimate aim
Is total disarmament, the Socialists
will admit that, for the present. Bel
Eium must be ready to defend her
selt IN case of an attack which is
considered within the bounds OF
military possibility. So Belgium is
going to have a strong army, not,
ierhaps, more numerically effective
Ihn IN pre-war days, but better pre-
pared, mobile army rather than a
mere array of defensive forts, the
hnaI utility of which was proved
&c be more than doubtful in 1914
This Years Draft.
A hundred thousand men will be
called up this year; another $4,000
VIII be specially enlisted for service
IN the occupied territory of Ger
many Before the war there were
nomlnally about 10000 soldiers in
belglum, but less than half that
number were Immediately available
Mhen war struck this country. While
shorter term of service-probably
some ten months instead of two
years-there will be a period of pre-
Ilmlnary training in civil life which
VIII considerably expedite the max
ing OF the ServiCeable soldier
The Socialists have accepted this
SomprOmise as a sort of necessary
cEil, while awaiting for the hoped
for six months service and, later
on. for the total abolition Of con-
sCription.
Favor Strong Army.
The special army Commission
which has been considering the
matter for several months is con-
WINGED that Belgium must have a
strong army. capable not only Of
defense, but also. when required, Of
attack The military experts who
have given evidence before the com
mission have made that clear Per-
Edns this was one of the reasons
that induced VI. Hubin. the Socialist
deputy who presided over the COM
mission. to resign that presidency.
AS being incompatible with the
avowed aim of his party.
With the abolition Of the COntin-
Eept of civic guards - men who,
from various reasons. were exempt
ed from service with the regular
srmy-PractiCaIly every abIe-b bodied
EClEian will now have to go through
course Of military training. and a
period Of service with the COIors:
while special attention is being de-
voted to the organization of a sys-
tom whereby this trained body Of
men may be made available at
moments notice.
French Approve.
The French authorities are unoffi-
Cially favOring this system Of Bel
gian army reform. being convinced
that strong Belgian army on the
right French flank is a Necessity Of
ithe effective protection OF French
territory.
National Defense Minister Deveze
IS pretty sure OF the support Of all
parties in his 1921 army plans.
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE,

employment to 10000 workmen, and
another 10000 were added during
the war The present roll of work
men numbers 1000. The manage
ment Of the works is entrusted to
an engineer. but the factory COM
mittce. composed of seven work
men who hold Office for six months.
has compete supervision of his
work. The technical and admins
trative Offices are almost deserted.
We did not hide our surprise and
our guides explained to US that the
administrative functions are now al
most reduced to nothing, as they
keep no accounting Of the cost Of
production and only a limited ac-
counting of the cost of labor. Thus
the old ledgers are heaped up in dis
order on the shelves.
The technical Office is almost en-
tireIy suppressed. inasmuch as or
ders are almost entirely lacking and
the little repairing work which is
done is entirely left to the common
sense Of the workmen Work is at
present confined to repairing can
non. locomotives and freight cars.
The work Of the boiler section Is car
ried on without any technical or
CaniZatiOn or initiative.
One gets the impression that
each workman is working on his
own. according to his own ideas, and
above all without any economy of
time or material. In the foundry.
furnace, steel and rolling sections
all is at a standstilI and everything
is broken. The furnaces are en-
tirely wrecked. the roofs rusted. fall
len in and deteriorated.
Factory Forces Reduced.
In the 'Severni Cabcln Zavop
cable factory, the wOrkmen who
were at one time 1000. are now
reduced to $50 Works. carried on
exclusively for the army In the
chemical factories the wOrkmen have
been reduced from 1900 to $50. and
they do not work continuously, due
to the lack of raw material The
technical Ovtrseers are appointed
for one year. but their reappoint-
ment is nearly always continued
thereafter. They do not have to
have Communist ideas, but it is
dangerous for them to express ideas
contrary to the general opinions Of
their wOrkmen.
mo less squalid and desolate are
the conditions in Moscow. The sani-
tary conditions are very bad and the
supply organization exceedingly or-
fcient. Just recently over 400, 900
false food cards have been discov-
cred. In the city there are 1855
unemployed. Two hundred thousand
roubles a month are necessary to
1--we and the wOrkmen in the fac
tories earn from 10000 to 10000.
They say that they all manage
somehow, by working overtime lit
tie by stealing little, and by SELL
ing their household furniture, if
they have any.
Fabulous prices are current IN
the clandestine commerce An old
nat costs 5000 rOubles; an old iron
bed, 10000 roubles; an old umbrella,
$500 rOubles; coUars. 300 roubles
each; a shirt, 1000 roubles; coarse
bread, 700 roubles a pound: white
bread, from 1900 to 1900 roubIes a
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
Governor Opposes Aid
By State in Dry Work

RALEIGH. y. G, Jan. 16.-Gov.
Cameron Morrison declared last
night he did not agree with Federal
Prohibition Supervisor S. T. Brame.
who asked former Gov. Thomas W
I;ickett for State ConstabuIary to
control the operations Of moonshin-
lima.
Gov. Harrison declared he was
ronstitutionally averse to State con-
stabularies, with their suPerimposed
authority.
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
GREEKS ADVANCE
PASSES BAGDAD

ATHENS. Jan. ia wireless
message from the Smyrna front to-
day said the Greeks were advancing
beyond the Bagdad line. Smyrna
was said to be celebrating the ad-
vance by torChlight professions.
Negotiations for loan from
British capitalists were said to be
failure in official circles. The
minister of finance declared the
United States was inclined to for
ward a credit Of $500. O.OOO,O 600 pro-
vidin- it was used for peaceful
purposes and for purchasing COM
modfties in the United States.
King Constantine's assumption OF
command over the army on the
Smyrna front was said to depend Un
the fiotatiOn of a loan from the
allies.
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
Find Ingenious Still.

DAYTON. Ohio, Jan. ia novel
whisky still constructed like a
washing machine with a capacity of
more than two gallons was being
exhibited at police headquarters
here today.
The entire work of distilling was
accomplished by turning a handle
attached to the body of the still.
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
Revolution and Soviet
RepOrted From Vienna

PARIS. Jan. l6.-RUmors that a
Soviet government had been set up
in Vienna following overthrow Of
the existing administration per
sisted here today.
All telegraph and telephone COM
munication with the Austrian cap
ital was cut OF
The Washington herald., 1921-01-17
YOUR REIMBURSEMENT

January and February are months when
capital is available for rcinvestmeut. due to
seasonal liQuidHt HtiOns. II is most agree
able fact that nearly every day one or
more If our clients authorize the reinyest-
ment of their funds in our First Mortgage
Notes on improved Washington real estate.
Capital for reinvestment indicates con
summation Of a safe and sound transaction.
II YOU are considering the possibilities
Iof speculative stocks for January purchase,
the superior stability. regularity and safety
Of these Washington notes should appeal to
lyon
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
New Elixir, Called Aspironal, \ M e die ated With Latest Scientific RemeG.os, Used and Endorsed by European and American Army Sur geons to Cut Short a Cold
 and Prevent Complications.
Every Druggist in U. s. In. structed to Refund Price While You Wait at Counter if Relief Does Not Come Within Two Minutes.
Delightful Taste, Immediate
 Relief, Quick Warm-up.

The sensation of the year in the drug trade Is Aspironal, the two min- ute cold and cough reliever. authorita- lively guaranteed by laboratories; tested, approved and most enthusiastic cally endorsed by the highest authori- ties, and proclaimed by the common people as ten times as quicx and ef- Iective as whiskey, rock and rye, or any other cold and cough remedy they have ever tried.
 All drug stores are now supplied with the wonderful new elixir, so all you have to do to get rid of that cold IS to step into the nearest drug store, hand the clerk half a dollar for a bottle of Aspironal and tell him to serve you two teaspoonruls in glass With your watch in your hand, take the drink at one swallow and call for your money back in two minutes if you cannot feel your cold fading away like a dream within the time limit Don't be bashful, for all druggists invite you and expect you to try it. Everybodys doing it
 When your cold or cough Is relieved take the remainder of the bottle home to your wife and babies, for Aspironal is by far the safest and most effective the easiest to take and the most agree able cold and cough remedy for in- fants and children-Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
WESTERN HIRED. HAND
 GREATEST CONSUMER

Washington, January 2S-(Special) ] At what figure does the farmer esti- mate the cost of board as a part of the compensation of hired labor? Or, does he have any definite knowledge with regard to this?
 Southern farmers who supply Ira tions' to their laborers know precisely what the food costs, but the food is prepared for eating and is eaten in the home of the laborer. Elsewhere there seems to be no precision.
 wage rates ascertained by the bu- reau of crop estimates, United States department of agriculture, with board and without board, afford materials for computing what the farmer must by implication regard the board of a la borer as being worth, or as costing, whichever the fact may be, as an ele- ment of wages. In hirings by the nonth, the difference between the rates of wages with board and with out board, in the averages of the va rious groups of states is least in the South Atlantic states, where a differ ence of $14.81 is found for 1920, and nearly the same is the difference of S15.41 in the south central states; or about 50 cents a day.
 Considerably above these allow ances are those of the two groups of the north central states, east and west of the Mississippi river, $1S.6O and $20.16, respectively. The difference in the north Atlantic states is yet higher and reaches $2362 while, highest ol all, is the allowance in the far western state. S26.22, which is 77 per cent above the lowest allowance found among the several state groups, $14S1 in the south Atlantic states, and is euuiya- lent to S7 cents per day.
 Allowances to the laborer in addition to money wages, as firewood, milk etc, may somewhat modify the fore going.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
Idle Hens Start Laying lO4Eggs, Instead of 5
Steady Egg Gain Each Week for
 Mrs. Pierce in Winter Weather.

"The week before tried Don Sung, we got eggs. from 50 hens. The next week from a package of Don Sung, we got 72 eggs. ard the next week 1O4. Some of our hens are mere bullets and Don Sung started them laying "-Nrs. B. F. Pierce, K. F. D. I Butler, Tenn.
 Mrs. Pierce selected a severe time for her test-the middle of January. Yet she got the eggs. Your hens can lay well, in cold weather. and we'll prove it.
 Give your hens Don Sung and watch re- suits for one month. If you don't find that it pays well for itself and pays you . good profit besides, simply tell us and your money will be cheerfully refunded.
 Don Sung Chinese for sgg-layins) is [ scientific tonic and conditioner. It is easily given in the feed. improves the hens health and makes her stronger and more active. II tones up the egg-laying organs. and gets the eggs. no matter how cold or wet the weather.
 Don Sung can be obtained promptly from your druggist or poultry remedy dealer or send 52c or s1.04 Gncludes war tax) for a package by mail prepaid. Burrell- -Dugger Co.,. 2l4 Columbia Bldg. Indianapolis, Ind Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
REPORTS DISQUIETING
Political Situation Unsettled Follow
 ing Election
By Associated Press

Santiago, Chile, January 2s.-Dis- quieting reports have been received here concerning the political situation in Bolivia following the election on Tuesday of Bautista SaaVedra, repub lican, as president of the republic, by the nationalist convention in La PaZ. pr. Jose Maria Escalier and Daniel Salamanca, prominent republicans, are said to have resigned from the govern ing board after their constituents withdrew from the convention before the vote which resulted in the election of Senor Saavedra was taken.
 A dispatch from Antofagasta today asserts that communication with neigh boring republics has been completely interrupted and that the railways are paralyzed No confirmation of these reports could be obtained in official circles here
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
E-SERV|CE MEN
 HAVE BIG SESSION
High Officials of National Legion Make Addresses at
 Tuscaloosa Meeting

Tuscaloosa, January s-(Special) )-Thc Tuscaloosa post of the American Legion held an interesting meeting last night, , presided over by Commander VanGe- graaff, and many matters were gone into and understood better before the evening was over
 l MT. Wmsett national vice commander, made an interesting and instructive talk, | stating that the American Legion was | in no way political organization. It l is simply an organization of the men who saw service in the World war, whc had associated themselves together in or-
 der to preserve and perpetuate the com l radeship and association dear to all of | them; to promote a 100 per cent Ameri- canism; to inculcate sense of individual obligation to the community and nation. l Mr. Winslett spoke of the disgracefui treatment which disabled soldiers had re- ceived at the hands of the government | He described the shameful conditions found at various hospitals while or a l tour of inspection of the hospitals in the 1 southwest. In the final analysis he said | it was up to Congress to act, and act quickly. He intimated that whenever the ] four and one-half million soldiers with | their five or six million wives and sis- | ters, who form an associate membership | in the legion, became emphatic Congress would act.
 1 Other speakers were MT. Quinn, from the bureau of war risk insurance; Dr.
 Aston Fitts, who served as major over seas, and Jack c. Persons, who offered l a resolution which carried unanimously. that the local post go on record as favor ing the Rogers-C CaIper bill and that Con- ]! gressman w. B. Oliver be requested to support this bill.
 The next meeting of the post will be
 1 held in Morgan hall at the University,
 under the auspices of the ex-service men
 at that institution.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
POSTMASTER GIVES
 EMPLOyES BANQUET
Annual Event Is Decided Suc- CeSS-Genuine Compli-
 mentS Are Exchanged

Meridian, Miss, January 2S.-(spe-
 cial.)-The fourth annual banquet
 given by Postmaster B. r. Hyde to the employees of the Meridian postoffice was enjoyed last night at the Seventh street home of MT. and Mrs. Hyde. i More than 50 guests. the men and wom- en of each department were enter tained elaborately.
 Charles B. Cameron, prominent young attorney of the local bar. acted as mas | ter of ceremonies. Toasts were re- sponded to by W. B. Johnson, veteran
 mail carrier; B. K. Culpepper. assistant postmaster; R. H. Phillips Miss Chris l tine Talon, Mrs. Otis McMullen, c. B. Rogers. Lamar Dustin, E. R. Simmons, | John Falon and Andrew Jackson, each paying high tribute to Postmaster
 Hyde and his efficient management of l the postoffice affairs during his four years of administration.
 Postmaster Hyde responded being equally as complimentary to the office force, declaring that his association with the men and women of the office I had been pleasant throughout his term | of service. He declared he had always l found each one ready and willing to cooperate in every way possible with him in discharging the duties of their respective departments. The two small daughters of Mir. and Mrs. Hyde, Jo- sephine and Pauline Hyde, served punch during the evening
 The Meridian postoffice as conducted by Postmaster Hyde has made rapid strides. Many improvements in the service have been made during his ad-
 ministration and although being a democrat and appointed by President Wilson, it is generally believed that he will be reappointed by President Hard ing at the expiration of his term, it not being thought the civil service rule in his case will be revoked.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
EDUCATIONAL SESSION
 DATED FOR CARROLLTON

Carrollton, January 2S.-(Special)- Friends of education in this county have been extended invitations to at tend reception to be given at the Phoenix hotel Friday evening. Invita- tions have been issued from the office of w. H. Storey, superintendent of education of this county. MT. Storey announces that Prof. R. E. Tidwell of the state department of education will be the principal speaker on this oc- casion and will be prepared to discuss every phase of education and receive suggestions from others in attendance that will be of benefit to the depart ment of education
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
AMERICA IS NINTH
 AMONG NATIONS IN : ADEQUATE SCHOOLS
Educational Bureau Survey Shows United States Most
 IIliterate of Civilized Coun-
 tries-Sections Affected
By HUGH w. ROBERTS Washington Bureau The Age Herald. EAn In .idanr, RrriIdinr

! = Washington, January 2S.-(Special) The United States, in education, oc-
 cupies ninth place, with most of the civilized world ahead of us," accord ling to the official report of House com 3mittee on education, of which Repre- |sentative Simeon D. Fess of Ohio, is chairman. The report was made pub
 lie here today.
 The report quotes Franklin K. Lane,
 former secretary of the interior, to the effect that illiteracy alone is responsi- ble for an economic loss to the coun-
 try of sS25, 100000 per year. The com
 mittee recommends the passage of the Smith -Towner bill providing for a Federal department of education, and federal aid to the states. as a necessary
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
VISITING MINISTERS
 TO SUPPLY PULPITS

Carrollton, January cs.-(Special)- Announcement has been made by Rev. R. L. Dill, pastor of the Carrollton Methodist church, that Rev. M. R. Smith of Northport for four years pastor of this charge, will deliver a sermon at the Methodist church next Sunday evening. While pastor of this church, Mir. Smith made many warm friends who will greet him with pleas rre.
 It is also announced that Rev. Paul Fl. Moore of Tuscaloosa will preach to a congregation at the Presbyterian church at II o'clock Sunday morning.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
ALBANY COMMERCIAL
 CLUB SEEKS MEMBERS

[ Albany, January 2S.-Special) )-The anAual membership campaign of the Albany Chamber of Commerce got un- der way today under the direction of John W. Knight. general chairman. He will be assisted by nine teams who will thoroughly canvass the city for renewal of old memberships and solicl- tation for new ones. The drive. while beginning today, will last 10 days longer and workers will be given am pie time in which to see all of their prospects. The commercial organiza- ton has mapped out heavy working programme for the year and officials of the body urged that every citizen become identified with the work
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
HOT LUNCH FOR SCHOOL
Improvement Association, Albany, to
 Serve Students

Albany, January 2S.-(Special.)--- Under an arrangement with the Gen. tral School Improvement association students of the Gordon and high schools here will be served with hot lunches beginning Monday. The lunches will be served at actual cost. The students have taken to the plan with enthusiasm and they brought gifts to school today to aid the sale of eatables to be conducted by the improvement association Saturday to raise funds for purchasing equipment
The Birmingham age-herald., 1921-01-29
MAYOR TELLS CHIEF AND CHIEF TELLS PATROL MEN
 TO MAKE CITY SP0TLESS

Meridian, Miss, January &.-(Speclal) Mayor John w. Parker has issued in- structions to the police department to clear the streets of all unsightly objects left by thought'ess or careless citizens such as old vehicles, boxes. barrels and like things. In carrying out the instruc- tions of the mayor, Chief of Police Mo- nette has issued orders to the street forces to haul all such stuff to the city garbage dumping grounds that is not Immediately removed. and should there be a disposition on the part of any ci'i- zen in the future to violate the street and sidewalk obstruction provisions, ar rests are to be made and such violators prosecuted.