davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

10. PRACTICE OF TEMPORARY
SHUT DOWNS.
(a) For what reasons? /, inven-
tory; 2, wage agreements. 5,
because of unbalanced produc-
ton; 4, fluctuations in volume
Of business; 5, other causes.
ID How many employees we're
affected by EACH (c) For what
period of time! Id What was
the loss in output and money
value thereof during the Pc
Rod of shutdown
II. ARE QUITS FOLLOWED UP AND
INVESTIGATOR
(a) State number of quits due to diff
ferent causes during 1918, 1919
and 1920, respectively thome
conditions, working conditions.
availability of plant, ete.1
fb) If figures are not avsils-
bic. list causes according 10
relative order of Importance.
IL. WHAT WAS LABOR TURNOVER
for 1918, 1919 AND 1920?
(a) How is it figured b. What
proportion of new employees
make good? lc} Has effect Of
labor turnover on production
and cost been determined
Is. HOW is WAGE SCALE DE-
iEhMtNEJt
(a) Is it based on: l.. Union scale7
g Competitive labor market
3. Arbitration or agreement
4. Living costs? tb) What Is
the overtime rate in production
to day rate? tc) Are workers
paid day rates or on basis OF
piece work, task and bonus or
other forms of financial incen
tives? Cd II piece work or
bonus, how IL rate determined
te) Are there production stand
ards for day work whereby rel
alive performance of workers
is determined
II. WHAT ARE THE HOURS OF
LABOR PER DAY AND
WEEk?
fa) How or by whom determined.
OBJ How many shifts? 81 Are
any productive workers reSu-
larly given overtime cd Estf-
mate overtime lis Islan hours
per month for productive work.
Is. is SHOP OPEN, NON.UNION OR
UNION9 ~
II union, wnak - agreement
reference 30 appfentiees3
tcssslases - psss slskn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04


The questionnaire covered four
groups of questions, general or de-
scriptive, organization, technical and
utilization. The organization group of
queries, which is of particular interest
in showing how waste was gagged, fol-
lows:
IzATION?
(a) When was it prepared? tb)
Do means or responsibility ex-
list to keep II up? (c) Is it
kept up to date!
3. IS ORGANIZATJON. BUILT UP
FUNCTIONALLY AROUND IN
DIVIDUALS?
What is policy with reference to
uuderstudies
8. is THERE AN ORGANIZATION
WRITE-UP?
Are the duties of each unit func-
ton or member of the organiza-
ton contained in writing!
4. ARE THERE STANDARD WRIT
TEN INSTRUCTIONS AS TO
HOW EACH FUNCTION is TO
BE REFORMED?
How are method changes author
lied and followed up?
5. is THERE A RESEARCH DE-
PARTMENT?
6. ARE PERSONNEL RECORDS
MAINTAINED?
Are they kept up progressively as
to quality and quantity produc-
ton of the worker.
7. WHAT is THE PROCEDURE OF
EMPLOYMENT?
Is any evidence of ability re-
quired on hiring, as o X of
foreman, medical examination or
investigated references!
8. HOW MANY EMPLOYEES ARE
ON PAY ROLL. BY MONTHS,
FOR YEARS 1918, 1919 AND
1920? tSecure in sufficient de-
tail to derive relative quantitive
values on employment
What efforts are being made to
overcome seasonal huctuations
9. ARE RECORDS OF DISCHARGES
AND ,LAY4OFFS KEPT AND
TABULATED BY CAUSES?
fa} What amount is due TO: I, in
competence; 2. temperament;
3, physical condition; {, lack
of work; S, wages? {b) Are
incompetent. workers given
training or tried at other work
before discharging!
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
Ho,u Dollar Is Diuided

The first subtraction from the dollar
comes through operating expenses.
theoretically, if a railroad is operating
at ratio of expenses to revenue of
70 per cent and is earning s1,O0o,0O
gross and should increase it's gross
earnings by 100000, it ought to cost
at most only $4,000 additional ex-
penses to handle the additional bust
ness. If it cost more than this sonic
thing is wrong. AS matter of fact,
during the last twelve years it has
cost more to handle additional bust
ness than the proportional increased
cost, as shown by the above example.
1t is generally conceded that there has
been something wrong.
It is not enough to examine the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

Prior to 1914 the trade had been
talking for quarter of century
and more of ways and means to raise
US to the rank we thought was ours
by the mastery of the raw cotton, SUI
perior quality of manufactured prod
uct. the ingenuity of our machinery
and the intelligence beyond compare
of our workers. But, strange to say,
judged by the comparatively small
quantity of our cloths the foreigner
bought from US, we were not taken
at our own appraisal
The comparative position of this
country in the world markets during
the four years Immediately preceding
the war is shown in the following ia
BILE, together with the per cent. of the
total production of cotton piece goods
exported by the twelve leading manu-
featuring countries. 1t will be seen
that with the exception of Russia, this
country sold a less proportion of its
output abroad than any of the twelve.
PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF COT
TON PIECE GOODS BY PRINCIPAL
MANUFACTURING COUNTRIES
(Annuat average 19f0'13)
Per
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
How to Check Industrial Waste
System of Checking Up Reasons for High Labor
Costs Proposed, With Close
Watch on Leaks

Societies has
- method industries A
prepared covering ftyeght main topics and 200
analysing the relative value Of the factors
permit of responsibility for
public
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

In times of financial ease, when ex-
pansion was least needed, there was
normally tendency for this method
OF depositing and redepositing reserves
TO be carried to it's limit. But as soon
as financial stress was foreseen, when
expansion was most needed, there was
tendency for the banks to draw their
reserves on deposit into their own
vaults. thereby reducing the power of
expansion inherent in the pyramiding
of reserves.
Under the Federal Reserve act, which
became effective on November 16, 1914,
and the amendment to it of June 81,
1917, the unsound method of depositing
and redepositing reserves in CONNER
clal banks came to an end. The entire
reserves of all member banks were to
De kept at the Federal Reserve banks.
This pooling of reserves at once made
tor greater safety and permitted some
what smaller reserve requirements.
Required reserves of country banks
against net demand deposits were re-
duced to Z per cent, of reserve city
banks to 10 per cent, and of central
reserve city banks to Is per cent The
uniform reserve requirement on time
deposits was reduced to 8 per cent.
Whatever cash member bank might
find it necessary to keep in its vaults
for use as till money. amounting now
to about s per cent. was not to count
as reserve at all. This was a most i'm
portant change in the law, because it
had the effect of transferring to the
Reserve banks, where it might serve
when necessary as the basis for credit
expansion. practically all of the gold
formerly held in the vaults of member
banks
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
Expansion by Reserve System
Mechanism of Providing Funds in Time of Stress
Provided by New Arrangement Is
Explained by Bank

Under the old national banking in effect before
Reserve gold lawful which
held the proportion the Of
81 Of So of loans This
of the ability banks
portion with
the further expansion
could be deposit central
banks required 25
central Cities
required 25 all which
vaults Thus the dollar gold lawful
permitting expansion greater than
several in
banks.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
Necessity of Reducing
Costs Stirs Producers
Manufacturers Seek to Increase Produc-
ton Of Each Emp loyee, but at Same
Time Want to CurtaiI Output

oW labor costs? question that daily
important to the manufacturers in the
- Since readjustment
duy has with this think
and feel that they the road apparel
manufacturers both the clothing
have valany attempted settle the difficulty
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
By William Whittan

Formerly Special Agent Department Of Commerce
ITH radical the policy the nation impending
w cotton bankers
This
American industrial activity peculiar national significance
factory
the ultimate division of international
No other commodity And the United
and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

three to two, which comedies with the
average estimated by Professor W. M.
Persons, of Harvard On the assump-
ton, then, that SO out of every SIS de-
posted with the Federal Reserve bank
IS withdrawn in notes, 100000 of gold
deposited in the Federal Reserve bank
would permit an average increase in the
loans and deposits of member banks as
follows:
or nanks In Central reserve cties... 81 o3o ose
r rer o1nks IN reserve cities .......-. 1904 geo
rof county banks. .-............. l.7SS 900
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

For every IS OF gold deposited
by member bank with
Federal Reserve Bank IS is
likely to be withdrawn in
Federal Reserve notes and So
la likely 20 be used reserve
against he deposits of the
member bank. The IS OF gold
will act as reserve against Fed
eraf Reserve notes amount
ing to ..................... $3.50
Because its 40 per cent re-
serve requirement PERMITS
an expansion of rs times)
The So of gold will act as re-
serve against the reserve de-
posits of IN e m b e banks
amounting to ......,..... $s.7s
serve requirement permits
an expansion of 2.S6 times)
And that s5.7e will act as re-
serve against deposits in
country IN er BANK
amounting TO ..........,.., $3.50
because it's per cent re-
serve requirement permits
an expansion of 1913 times)
Making a total OF ssa "a
Which multiplied by 90. 600 tthe
number OF times SIS is con-
tanned in $1oe.o0o} gives sl7ssooo
It will be observed that the figures
given above do not take into consider
alton the vault cash which a member
bank may find it desirable to keep.
Making allowance for that require ment
and averaging all banks in the country,
the expansion works out at about lis
times.
In order for a member bank to en-
large its reserves at the Reserve bank,
it is not necessary for it to make
deposit of gold or lawful money, be-
cause loan by Reserve bank to
member bank adds to the reserves of
the latter in exactly the same way as
though gold had been imported and de-
posted by that member bank; and it
may use it as reserve against its own
deposits or withdraw notes against it
in just the same way. The determining
factor as to how long such loans may
go on is the stocks of gold which the
Reserve bank has and which it uses
as the basis for it's own expansion
From Monthly Review of New York
Federal Reserve bank.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
Combination Of Art
And Business Sought
New Organization Seeks to Increase
Contribution of Artists to the
Commercial World

union Of and business the
I Art Center,
The artist needs the business the business man
needs the artist William Harris ~ tho
organization And will be bring them together
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

To this end the Art Center Inc. is
preparing to take possession on Oc-
tcber l of the building at 65 and 81
East Fiftv-sixth Street. and to con-
duct an opening exhibition in it's new
headquarters from October 80 to No
yember 30. The exhibition will show
u what points the alliance will attempt
to establish the contacts between art
and business that may be expected to
result in union. The art center is a
philanthropic Institution, making no
charge for its services.
There will be central exhibit that
will show from as many angles as
possible our idea" said Mr.. Harris,
explaining the plans for the exhibition.
"The center of the stage will be oc-
cupied by an object, product of in
dustry, in whose manufacture artists
have contributed important elements.
Around it will be grouped illustrations
of the points at which art has entered
into the production of the central ex-
hibit This central exhibit might be an
automobile or a piece of furniture, but
/ believe that they will use niece of
remarkable hrocade woven by Cheney
Bros. the silk manufacturers. The
design of this brocade runs for two
and half yards without repeating
Hosc York Is Done
The exhibition will show how the
design for this brocade was originally
planned by an artist; how it was ap-
proved by the heads of the various de-
rartments of the manufacturing con-
cerH that intended to make it; how it
was taken to the mill and point
drawing" on large scale made for
il by mill craftsman; how the de-
sign was criticized by mill craftsmen
to determine whether it would weave.
and then revised to correct any me-
chanical defects; how the approved
drawing was transferred to 81. 900 jac-
ousrd cards by an operator at s
machine resembling a typewriter, who
translated it. thread by thread, into
the system of holes which are punched
in the cards; how the silk threads of
various colors were selected before the
loom was started, and how the first
product of the loom was criticized and
the threads and cards changed until
the piece of brocade was satisfactory
to it's creators. The exhibit will then
60 on to show the points at which the
artist enters into the advertising and
marketing of the product.
Not only in the textile field are
there points of contact for artist and
business man. In the manufacture Of
women's garments, in the furniture
trade, in automobile manufacturing, in
advertising and, of course, in printing,
the two professions touch. The Art
Center will aid these contacts.
Zone of the first things to be at
tempted will be the establishment of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04


tee OF the National Council OF 9Cotton
Manufacturers.
United States manufacturers are esti-
mated at linear yards per pound: those
OF Great Britain at SO linear Yards per
pound.
Although the war upset all these
proportions, there is no tangible evil
dence to show that in the long run the
old relation may not be resstablished.
1t is only once in every five years
that an exact comparison can be made
of the exports. imports and total pro-
ducticn of cotton manufactures of the
United States. And as the Census Blu
reau report for the calendar year 1919
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
Country Bank Exam ole

The different degrees of expansion
in the three classes of banks are ex-
planned in their varying reserve re-
quirements. The following example
assumes that country bank is ex-
panding to the maximum on 800 GOO
of gold deposited in Federal Reserve
bank
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04
Character Of Freight

This suggests q study of the charac.
ter of freight carried. The Interstate
Commerce Commission prescribes q
great number of classifcations fo,
freight and groups these under sever
general groups: products of agricuI.
ture, products of forests, products OF
mines. anim>ls and animal products
manufactures, miscellanies and mer.
chandise. Under the first five are in.
Guided all the carload freight and un.
der the last the less than carload ship.
ments, which are but small fraction
of the freight carried by American
railroads.
Broadly speaking, coal is the most
economical traffic that a railroad car
carry A steel coal car with fifty tons
capacity, in which actually at leas,
flfty-hve tons can be loaded, weighs
itself thirty tons or less. We're it no
for the fact that the coal car gen
orally has to be hauled almost as many
miles empty as it is hauled loaded Goa
view, would be ideal traffic If more
than SO per cent of the total tonnage
carried by roads is coal the road car
as rule be characterized as. Goa
road, on which comparatively low
ton mile rate may be expected Should
the ton mile rate be high. however, this
is pretty good indication of a prop.
erty having high net earning power.
With the general characteristics OF
the property in mind, the income &C.
count for 1920 may be examined. There
is great difference in the practice
of different companies as to including
comparative figures for each year. To
make an intelligent Judgment of a
company's income account, it is neces-
sary to compare it with previous in
come accounts over a considerable
period of years. In the first place
have gross earnings been increasing
In the second place, have operating ex-
penses been increasing proportionately
or disproportionately to gross earn
ings? What the stockholder wants to
know in the final analysis is what part
of each dollar earned by a railroad
is going to be available for dividends
hic 81
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-09-04

letter to stockholders. On a single
track railroad freight density Of m ore
than million ton miles per mile of
road year is compa ratively heavy
density and less than million is com
paratively light. 1t is on the density
OF freight traffic that the earning powe
OF the property rests and on the aver
age received by the railroad company
through its freight rate for hauling a
ton one mile. This ton mile rate figure is
nearly always shown, and under present
freight rates varies from about cent
per ton mile to over two cents per ton
mile. A road whose traffic is largely
coal VIII have lower average ton
mile rate than one with larger pro-
portion of its freight merchandise
manufactured goods and Grain.
The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1921-10-21

made an auto trip to Massachusetts,
returned the last of the week.
A daughter was born to MIR
and Mrs Tex Morrison at the home of
G. H Taplin Oct. Z. Mrs Morrison is
being cared for by Mrs E j Bucha-
nan.
Mrs j c Renfrew and Mrs Wallace
Terry are visiting friends in Boston.
DIR. and Mrs Dewey Darling of
Lowell, Mass. were in town last
week visiting their parents and
friends, returning to their home the
last of the week.
Amos Ralston has sold his house in
Groton village and moved into one
of j d McAllister's tenement houses.
j d McAllister has been very busy
attending auctions in Barnet, Rye
gate, Peacham and Newbury. At the
Stephen Ralston sale Oct, 18th, about
four hundred people were present,
and nearly five thousand dollars of
personal property was sold, which
brought good prices.
Quite a number of the stone sheds
have started up since the rain, and
business looks more encouraging.
The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1921-10-21
IN FRONT OF THE TELLER's WINDOW.

Sending money through the mail for deposit
in a bank is one of the developments Of
modern civilization. The perfection Of our
postal system has rendered this ethod Of
banking safe and speedy.
We are prepared to serve you by mail wi tn
the same scrupulous care as if you stood in
person before the Teller's window.
Your deposits Will be promptly acknowledged;
your Withdrawals promptly paid.
NATIONAL BANK OF NEWBURY
Wells River, Vermont
The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1921-10-21

eral Hospital.
Edgar Lord of Claremont spent
the week end in town.
The Study Club will meet next
Monday afternoon at the home of
Mrs George Randall. Mrs Kidder
will begin her series of readings
from Shakespeare's Winter Tale.
Mr. Charles Cameron has purchased
Edward Bailey's house, and will move
his family there the latter part of
the week
Miss Ruth Randall spent the week
end in Peacham, the guest of Miss
jeanette Varnum.
DR.. and Mrs Herman Bone and
daughters, Charlotte and Harriet, of
Gardner, Mass. returned to their
home Monday, after spending several
days with Mr. A T Davis of this
place and Mr. and Mrs VIM. Bone at
South Ryegate.
Mrs Otis Smith has been spending
several weeks with relatives in Bos-
ton and vicinity.
Mrs ID G Farwell is the guest of
Mrs Whitney Conant at Howard,
Mass. for a few days.
Mr. and Mrs Fred George and
daughter Verna have returned from
a visit in Northbridge, Mass.
The Girls Club of the High School
met Monday at the school house, the
chief business of the evening being
to initiate the freshmen girls.
DR.. Munsell was in Burlington last
week to attend G. A. r. Reunion,
and also visited his old home in
Swanton.
The annual church meeting of the
Church held last
was well attended. A large
number responded to the roll call
The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1921-10-21

proposed that the mountain should bt
named for him. This is what was
told by old people who were present.
Mr. Sutherland was a man of worth
that whatever he said would be remem
bered. Mr. f p Wells says I'm a list
of books purchased by David johnson
in 1924 is one one entitled Life OF
Count Pulaski and his idea is that MI
Johnson loaned the book to his friend
Mr. Sutherland who was so much inn
pressed by it that he proposed the
name as a enduring memorial
In regard to the height of Pulaski
the following figures and statements
were made by Prof. George Abbott
in 1898. The altitude at the railroad
station is 46 feet above the level of
the sea. The fountain on so feet. Mt
Pulaski 379 feet. Lodge S. w. of OBJ
servatory height 20 feet. total 925
feet. A tower or observatory on the
Southerly ledge rs or so feet high would
be a thousand feet above the ocean.
In order to refer to measurements of
altitude to a permanent monument
they are reckoned from the top of the
basin of fountain. Flag so yds. S. w.
of Pulaski 442h feet. height S. w. of
flag additional 6 1-3 TT. whole height
of highest ledge AS 5-12 feet. above
the fountain measurements subject to
correction). From the summit can be
seen one of the most beautiful views
in the world. One can see the Con-
necticut Valley from where the hills Of
Bath. NJ H. cut it off on the North to
n, s,.I, at. nj nc
far East as Mt. Lafayette, one of the
Presidential Range. giving one a COM
plete panorama covering over two
hundred and fifty miles.
On Wednesday evening, August II,
1892 a mock court was held in Semi
nary Hall in which many of the PROM
inent citizens took part.
The case for trial was a breach of
promise suit for $4,000 damages
brought by Katherine Loversmall
a gainst Harry w Hibbard, Hon. James
Clark, member of the New York
Bar. who was a guest of Mrs Mary
Wallace. acting as Judge. Thomas c
Keyes and Charles F Darling, side
Judges; NJ C Knight, Clerk of Court;
James d Barber. court stenographer;
fIQWln a BdNley anu new y y Mtl liz
Attorneys. The twelve Jurors were
prominent men of the village.
The trial was attended by a very
arge audience and it lasted two and
,ne-hah hours. The defendant Hibbard
was found guilty on several counts.
DR.. Hiram Johnson impersonated
Katherine Loversmall. The net pro-
leeds of this entertainment were ss7.
which went for the building the car
'iage road onto Pulaski and the "Look
)ff House" Edwin A Bayley was the
,rime mover in getting up this money
.atching entertainment. Work was
,egun the same Fall on the road and
Look on House" and by December.
s92 both were completed with the
Exception of painting the building !
which was done the next spring. The |
Look OF House" needs repairing and |
new coat OF paint. It seems too bad
hat the descendants of the ms1 and |
women who worked so hard twenty |
line years ago to raise money to |
,uild the road and a Look on House"
annot do something to keep this |
BEAUTIFUL spot attractive"
The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1921-10-21
20 ACRES
No. Ill
$3.50

This farm is located only one-half mile
to R. r. town, with all advantages; near
neighbors; telephone; 20 acres in tillage
of good dark loan soil; spring and brook
watered pasture for 10 cows; 10000 feet
soft wood lumber; plenty wood for home
use; apple orchard; II story painted house
OF IL rooms, bathroom, SKIS #. piazza;
fine condition inside and out; excellent
view; 40x44 #. barn. with basement; ties
for twelve COWS; good condition; run
ming water ut house and barn. Other
business makes it necessary for this owner
to sell, and he includes 3 COWS, 35 hens,
calf, farm wagon, l top buggy wagon,
road wagon, sled sleigh, spring-tooth har-
row, horse rake, work harness, all crops,
for the low price of $3.50, part cash.