The Washington herald., 1921-10-02
JAPANESE POWER
GROWS IN EAST AS
OTHERS LOSE HOLD
Russian and German
Rights Coded or Ac-
quired by Nippon.
EXPANSION RAPID
Now Exercises Exclusive
Privileges in Many Parts
of Chinese Republic.

tory the next step was the adoption
Of spheres Of influence. or Of in
terest
This phase, about which much
will be heard during the conference
On Limitation OF armaments. means
that no power except the one In
whose favor the sphere Of infu-
ence" exists shall be allowed 70 ac-
quire concessions, or extend its
control In other words the trade
in a Japanese sphere Of influence
would be entirely japanese and
French and British would not in
terfere in any way.
This policy originated with tn.
French. in 1888 and 1884. when
a sphere Of influence WAS Ca
tended to the Chinese provinces
bordering onto AMMAN. Immedi-
tely after the China-Japan wa
the French extended their spher.
to the provinces OF KuanE-Tunr
. and Kuang-Hsi. adjacent TO ~
leased territory of KwauE-Chow-
Wan.
Great Britain managed to secure
concessions in Kuang-TunE and
Yunnan as a partial check 10 IN.
| French. French influence In the
Far East was further enhanced hv
the possession Of French Indo
China AS a coUnterbalance 70 this
Great Britain negotiated with
China for the cession 10 Britain ol
Burma
Russia's sphere Of interest er-
tended TO the three provinces OF
Msnchuria, Germany's in the shan
tUng province and Japan's in the
Fukien province. Great Britain
brought forward the claim that her
sphere OF interest must include the
entire YRng-tsze Valley, including
the province Of Szechuan. Britain
and Russia concluded an agreement
in 1893 by which Britishers would
not seek mining concessions north
OF the Great Wall OF China and
Russians were not TO seek like con
cessions TO the south Of it, Britain
anc France often intruded on the
possession Of the other. but friction
was always avoided. Britain re-
srected the Japanese sphere OF in
terest in the Fukien province.
Seek ConcessIons.
Following the cession Of valuable
tracts Of Chinese land there leveI-
oped a scramble for commercial
concessions in China. The United
States, which had taken no part in
acquiring territory. appeared as an
active rival in the development OF
China Il acquired the concession
for railway between Hsnkow and
Canton.
The Russians were building the
Chinese Eastern Railway. crossing
Manchuria from Amur TO Port Ar
thur. The French began the con-
struction OF a line through Tong
king into Yunnan. The Germans
we're building a line through the
sacred province OF Shantung. from
Tsingtao to Tsinan-fu. The British
had the first claim in mining pre-
ponderance.
The general policies Of foreign
intrusions in China led TO the
Boxer uprising in 1899 and 1900.
While II was disastrous for China
II had some favorable points. One
was the preservation Of Chinese
autonomy and the Hay policy for
the open door in matters OF ord
nary trade, missions and residence
Surrenders Neutrality.
The next vital change TO China
occurred during the Russian and
Japanese war when China was in
duced TO give up her neutrality ard
establish a war zone in ManchUria
for both belligerents. As the price
Of peace the Russians SURRENDERED
their rights in Manchuria. irclud-
ing the Liaotupg peninsula japan
gradually absorbed Korea until
1910 IL became a part OF the ma
tlonsl life of the empire. From this
time the preponderating influence
Of Great Britain was passing 20
japan.