Carthage courier. (Carthage, Tenn.) 1913-current, 1921-06-16
GIVES REASONS
FOR PRESTON
Rail Chief Declares Freigh
Charges Not the Cause
of Stagnation.
FARM PRODUCTS ARE CITED
Business Depression and Lack Of
Demand the Real Trouble.

state Commerce, which is conducting
an inquiry into the railroad situation,
Julius Kruttschnitt, chairman of the
beard of the Southern Pacific com
pany, went into great detail as TO the
effect of freight rates on produce ship
ments, foreign and domestic. The
main points he made in this part of
his testimony were:
First-That business depression is
not the result Of high freight rates.
Second-That the real cause of stag
nation in produce shipments is lack
of market or prcfiteering-
He said in part:
A widespread propaganda is being
carried on TO arouse public sentiment
against existing freight rates. whereas
the fact is that even since the rates
have been advanced the cost of trans
porting commodities is far less than
the. toll taken by the commission mer-
chant and the retailer for buying and
selling them.
Public MisIed as to Situation
People are misled and conclude that
high rates have stopped the movement
of a large amount of freight and that
the railways would make more money
If they would reduce the rates and
thereby revive the traffic.
There is the strongest reason to be-
lieve that the very great reduction in
traffic has been due almost entirely to
general business conditions that are
worldwide in their effect, and that
would have come if there had been no
advanote in freight rates.
Prices of commodities reached their
maximum in the first half of the year
1920 and thereafter fell with great
rapidity in France, the United States
and the United Kingdom. The fall in
the United States began in May, and
was rapidly on its way downgrade in
September, when the advanced rates
took effect. Nevertheless traffic did
not drop for at least four months.
Slump Not Caused by Higher Rates
1t was a general defiation and fall
in prices from the heights to which
they had been driven by war condi-
tions that has caused stagnatfon of
business throughout the world
That it is not caused by the cost of
transportation is convincingly shown
by the fact that stoppage OF buying
has caused an oversupply of ships,
hence ocean tonnage rates have been
recently at the lowest points in their
history.
Notwithstanding these low rates,
ocean traffic shows as great stagna-
tion as rail traffic, and millions of tons
of shipping here and abroad are rust
ing away in fdleness. Many commOdi-
ties would not move even if the freight
charges on them were abolished en-
tirely,N because producers can find no
market.
That the decline in business is not
due to prohibitive freight rates Is
shown by the following examples:
In January of this year the total
tonnage of lines west of FL Paso and
Ogden operated by the southern Pa
The combined lntrastate freight tom
mage in Arizona and Nevada declined
50 per cent although no increase in
the intrastate freight rates in those
States has been as yet authorized
Sraced grain. hay and IiVestock as
well as ores and other commodities:
OF MARKETS
Of Texas cotton crop Of over four
million bales. 40 per cent remains un-
and water shiement from producing
point to Liverpool has been reduced
face Of which about oRe-hsif mill i
bales of cotton less than normal have
been exported to Liverpool. Obviously
the freight rate is not responsible for
the restricted movement.
During September, October, and
November 1920, As per cent less rice
SO per cent less canned salmon and
n per cent less dried fruit were ex-
ported than during the same months
reduction in ocean rates was sub.
+ stantiaIIy more than the Increase in
decline in the exports of these COM
modities was in the face of a less aR-
gregate cost of transportation.
The Case OF the Fruit Growers
The troubles of the California lemon
grower have attracted much attention
He claims he is unable to ship his prod
uct because of the increased freight
rates. A removal Of all the recent In
crease of the rate on lemons would not
help him. He has rate by sea through
the Panama Canal Of less than half
4S per cent-of the rail rate, yet his
lemons are not marketed.
The average price of a cantaIoupe
laid down in New York in the season
of 1920 was not quite IL cents. As
/ they were retailed at about % cents
there is a further profit to somebody
/ OF IA cents per cantaloupe.
The managers of the propaganda FOL
j a general reduction Of freight rate:
| have lost sight of the fact that in DC
! tOber, 1920. 1895. 321 carloads OF Goa
! were moved, being the maximum NOV
ed in any month in the preceding TIVE
years, although it was handled at tn,
advanced freight rates, and we have
heard nothing as to coal being pro
duced at a loss or of. the coal min,
owners going out Of business becaus'
Of existing freight rates.
The percentage of freight charge
TO value in the early part of 1927 1
almost exactly the same as it was II
1911.