davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-09-25
100000 CHILDREN
ARE WAGE FARMERS
National Child Labor Commit
tee Reports on Investiga-
# tion Of Conditions.

The heaviest burdens resulting from
unemployment fall on children. the Ma
tional Child Labor Committee has
found. There are 100000 wage earners
under sixteen i'm the United States, some
Of whom arc working now. thereby
Keeping adults out of employment
Owen r. Lovejoy. general secretary of
the committee. has made an investiga-
ton of this particular phase Of unem-
ployment. He reports:
''The employer seeking to cut costs IS
inclined to hire children. perhaps en-
abling himself to dispense with more ex-
pensive help thereby. In doing so he
may not actually decrease the number
OF names on his payroll. but he may let
another man go. and that man In turr
may find himself up against the same
necessity of calling on his children for
help. Obviously the competition I'm the
labor market is increased.
When factory curtails its opera
tions or Is shut 1t Is not only the men
who are laid off. The boys and girls
are laid Off. too. As rule they do not
so back to school. once having left 1t
to go TO work. They either loaf or hunt
another job. Most OF the child laborers
in the United States are In blind alley
occupations, out Of line for any adequate
vocational training, out OF line for ad-
vancement. In normal times only about
half OF them are regularly employed.
The others are idle between Jobs This
irregularity OF employment not only
leads to a heavy labor turnover in the
trades that use child labor. but 1t de-
velops in the children a habit of shift
ing and of shiftlessness 1t IL from
such material that the ranks OF migrant
labor are recruited.
when unemployment OF the bread
winner of the family forces the children
into the Industrial world too early there
Is distinct economic loss. Their future
earning capacity Is curtaiIed and they
are placed In the unenviable position Of
being first in line for dismissal when
the next Industrial depression occurs"
The New York herald., 1921-09-25
INSTRUCTION, COLLEGES, &C.
BELIEVE 1T
OR NOT--but

BELIEVE 1T
OR NOT
If you have ability, we
help you secure a posi-
tion where you can be
earning money while we
train you, in a course of
your own choosing, for a
better position.
And our employment
bureau helps you free of
charge to secure the bet
ter position.
Choose any one of the
following courses that in
terests you and come talk
it over.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS
enced men are badly needed In re-
sponsible positions, such as foreman,
superintendent. estimator. craftsman.
etc. Special short courses In estimat-
ing, drafting. mathematics, etc., are
conducted by men actively engaged in
this work. Graduates in steady de-
mand for good jobs.
MACHINE DESIGN-our course is the
shortest and most efficient in New
York. Every graduate has been placed.
SHOW CARD wRITING-one OF the
few trades where men are in constant
demand today. Experienced experts
train You rapidly under actual shop
conditions.
ELECTRICIANS TRAINING COURSE
Courses In installation. covering all
phases of the electrical business from
elementary bell wiring through annun-
ciators. burglar alarms. telephone wir-
ing, electric lighting and power work.
are given In our well equipped shop by
practical men.
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICITY-Pract
cal course In operating all types of in
dustrial electrical equipment. such as
motors, generators, meters. etc.
PLUMBERS TRAINING COURSE
Taught by master plumber. Practical
shop course in plumbing and lead wip-
Ing starts next month.
RADIO TELEGRAPHY-R opera
tors earn good pay. Positions open on
land. air or sea. On board ship they
are treated as Officers and enjoy ad-
vantages of foreign travel with living
expenses paid. Best Radio School In
the East. Expert Instructors.
COMMERCIAL TELEGRAPHY-A pro-
fession which you can master in a
short time. Every graduate secures
Immediate employment In well paid,
secure Jobs. with largest companies
such as Western Union. Postal. and
railroads.
CONCRETE DESTGN-sTRUcTURA
ENGINEERING-.Sh complete courses
for beginners IN the practical prin-
ciples OF design Taught by profess
sional men. Glasses now forming.
Day and evening classes In all
courses. Our employment de-
partnent is at your service free
of charge to secure for you job
while student or on completion
OF your course OF training.
Call. phone or write for further in
formation. Ask for Mr.. wacker or
Mr. Nilsson.
EDUCATIONAL DEPT,
EAST SIDE Y. M. c. A.,
I54 East s6th Street, New York
Phone, Lenox COST.
-Four Minutes from Grand Central"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
:L|VES:0F=BABES
DEPEND ON Good
WAcEF0R DADDY
Chi|dien's Bureau Again De-
c|ares Infants Chances In
creased as Wages Advance. -.

WASHINGTON, Mar. 10. The
children's bureau again declares that
baby's living chances are increased
in proportion to the wages received by
the father. This statement is made in
the bureaus report on infant mortal
ity in New Bedford, Mass. It is stated
that unskilled and semi-skilled occtl-
pations predominant in the cotton in
dustry of that city, and at the time
the survey was made, wages were low.
A low income was accompanied, as
in other Industrial cities studied by
the bureau, by poor home sanitation,
congestion, lack of adequate medical
care, and mother who was over
worked, either at home or in the fac
tory.
Over half Of the New Bedford ba-
bies lived in the river section, where
the worst living conditions in the city
were to be- found. There, families of
from Is to 16 were found, including
dodgers, were in many cases crowded
together in five-roon4 tenements.
Practically all the mothers work.
ing in New Bedford cotton mills were
in families where the father earned
:
less than the amount necessary to
maintain a decent standard of living.
Almost half of all the mothers were
gainfu]ly employed, chiefly in the cot
ton mills. during the year before. the
baby was born, and two-fifths during
the year following the baby's birth.
Most Of these mothers worked during
both periods.
The low income group showed a
high mortality rate, willie the group
having incomes sufficient to insure
proper care and surroundings for the
mothers and babies had a. law NOR
tality rate. 3
:, In the low wage group 20 babies out
of every 100 born alive, died before
the end of the first year. In the high
est wage group only 6 out of every
100 babies died.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT FACING FIRST REAL TEST Of STRENGTH

The American labor movement is
confronting a crisis. 1t. is abount to be
put to the real test of it's expert
ence. It's membe rship is being at
tackled, not by open fighting, but by
the second story" method. The anti
union forces were never so we'll or
ganized and they believe they were
never better fortified. They are taking
advantage of the existing unemploy-
ment situation to introduce their pet
'open shop as the first move to re-
duce wages.
When one talks with individual
contractors and other employers about
the present attempt to cut wages,
they personally disclaim responsibility
for it. 1T comes from higher UP"
said a we'll known contractor quite
recently. Forces which. control our
industry and which WELD sufficient
influence to say who. shall and who
shall not be given contracts have is
sued orders that wages must, come
down, not later, but now" he con
tinued. 7,1. ....s s... +. 5
- have been told that / will not be
given 4 single job until stand for the
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12

open shop They are boycotting union
labor primarily and they threaten to
boycott me unless I comply with their
terms. Is not that the secondary
boycott put in action with a ven-
,geance? What am I to do? I must
either submit or go out of business.
I have. heard soap-boxers tell the
workers that they. were economic
slaves that the man who owned the
job owned them: I am exactly in the
same position, as are other contract
ors like myself who have had expert
ence under the open shop and under
the union shop, apd who prefer the
latter"
In conversation the other day with
the manager of a local concern. which
has recognized the union shop for 30
years. he volunteered the informa-
ton that local. forces had been work
ing on him for several months to de-
clare for the ':open shop When tna
local folks failed to influence this
managers. three men. all in similar
lines of business in other cities, came
to Duluth to put the final pressure on
him. X 81 4 z5s 81 ss Il. ~ y: 5s II
..'Ah, come on. be q good sport, < one
Of the outside men said IN q final ap-
peal. We are ], all getting into the
fi5ht and we want you with us. Get us
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12

play the game together. 1t is our
chance now to teach union labor that
it can no longer run our business"
But the outside man neither knew
his host nor the experience of the
local company with union labor. The
managers reply was convincing. It
indicated that he was satisfied with
the union shop and that he appreci-
ated the loyalty Of his employees to
the company on more than one occa-
sion when it needed their assistance
more than it needed anything else
in the world at the time. ~ j
I'VE have been dealing with the
union for 80 years. said the man
ager land we haveEnever had a strike.
We have always been able to come to
an understa nding with them by con-
ference and negotiation. There has
never been an actual breach. Our
employees are our friends. There have
always been mutual and friendly re-
lations between the company and our
union workers.
'once when we were in trouble =
continued the manager. ''and we
stood q chance of losing our plant our
..union employees took their coats OH
and worked like TroJans to save US.
They did save us, and would we not
show poor ratitside throWiny
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12

idle workers are plentiful. b.
The best advocates Of the union
shop in America are the employers
who have: had long and honest expert
ence under it. They speak by the
board. 80.
: It is true that there are some old
time friends of union labor among
the employers who are now on the
open shop side, driven there by the
hasty and arbitrary action OF unrea-
| sonable union members. The rapid
growth of the labor movement during
the war brought many Of them into
the ranks. They were eager and i'm
patient. and too often. rash and dar.
ing. Their !. madness has sgiven the
enemies of labor about the only ar
gument they can make for the ''open
shop" and against collective bargains
Ing and democracy in.industry. T. i
They represent but q small fraction
of the American labor movement.
Their influence has always been very
largely overestimated, and the unions
which. hope to preserve the union
shop must see to It that justness, fair
ness and reason are preserved in all
transactions with employers. II
there is to be any unfa airness sIetsit be
shown by the oth her fellow and not sby
Labor.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12

Congressman .Hudd|eston As.
(. sails Guarantee Of Profits and
It is Bad Policy.

WASHINGTON, Mar. 10:-There is
no more reason why the government
should guarantee profits to railroads
than the profits of a farmer, mer-
chant or other business man, said
Congressman Huddleston, who de-
clared that "the railroads are. like a
beast of prey, which, having gorged
itself upon it's victims, returns with a
new appetite to gnaw the bones.
''The guaranty is not conditioned on
efficient or economical management,
nor even upon honest management" "
said the lawmaker. 8" he railroad
managers were left free to enter upon
an orgy Of extravaganza, waste and
dishonesty: The treasury foots the
bill.
Few people Of the country knew
that the guaranty was given. There
are even members Of congress ignor-
ant of the fact. The guaranty ought
not to have been given. It constituted
a betrayal Of the public interests. It
cannot be excused nor justified. The
railroads profited from federal con-
troll. They received profits which they
could not have earned in private con-
troll. The net profits of some of the
railroads under federal control were
enormous; for instance, the Union Pa
cific received 1913 per cent;
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
PENSION
/. . .>PLAN:ExCELLED.
T. BY: TYPO UNION
One Creates Initiative, the Other
Dependents; Union System
Pays More, Costs Less.

The annual report Of the United
States Steel corporation and Carnegie
pension fund, makes this paternalism
look ridiculous when compared with
the trade union pension system.
The trusts system is. financed by
trust Of 100000 donated by the
United States Steel corporation and
Andrew Carnegie. Employees do not
contribute: At the present time there
are 2,969 pensioners enrolled out of
the hundreds Of thousands of employ
es in steel mills, by sheet and tin plate
companies, tube works, bridge COM
panies, coke ovens, mines, quarries,
furnaces, cement works, transporta-
tion and other units of the trust:
For ten years the average age of the
pensioners has been 65.78 years, the
average service. 3o:41 years and the
average payment, $22.1o monthly.
Compared with this system is the
pension plan of the International
Typographical union, one Of the older
trade unions. Any member having a
continuous good standing membership
f"r 20 years and is incapacitated~ for
Work, or WHO is oV years OF age ana
cannot secure sustaining employment
is entitled to the pension, which is So
a week, ): as compared. with the trust s
dole of $22.1oa month. The printers
sustain their pension fund by paying
one-half Of one, per cent of their
earnings.
Many unions affiliated by this in-
ternationat supplement-: the pension
with axlocal pension that ranges from
81 Ito. .e$s a week. In no. case is there
an element Of charity connected with
the union plan, as each member con-
tributes to the fund, which is re-
turned to the members rot through
the good will of an employer who can
withhold it, but because it belongs to
them.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12

them down now when there is q
movement on throughout the land to
destroy their union. the only worth
while institution labor ever had, one
that has raised its status> that has
taken children from the factory ana
placed them in school, that has snort
ened the working day, raised wages
and improved conditions generally?
No, we will not declare for the open
shop Our experience with the union
shop has been so satisfactory that we
propose to stick with it, - ~ +
Isn't it refreshing to get such tes-
timony from an actual employer Of
union labor? The complete list of the
officers and directors, of the citixens'
Alliance does not contain the name Of
q. single employer who has had ex-
perience under union shop agree
ments. Indeed most Of them have
been fighting organized labor for
years. They have always been for the
so-called "open shop" only they have
not been so-.wen organized against it
as they are today. #{Z
They would destroy the un4ea. shop
now, while employment cona aitiona
are unfavorable to labor, lest g should
grow and extend into their plants
and shops. N 3 whichs event they would
he anable sto beat wares down while
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
INDUSTRIAL DETECTIVE resorts
ToMr ;s$SS oGE1 BUSINESS
Sends Spies Into Plants to asb|e Service; Opera
vs Must Make "Reports";; ljpa Employees are Revealed
and Dismissed; Workings Of Espionage System Exposed.

Ths is the second Of series of articles 'The Labor Spy
courtesy of The New Republic credit for which
inadvertently omitted in last issue.)
The industrial detective has solicited his business his
Since he speaks with such which
less anxious than they might be believe it worth while
that he should display his
In the injunction suit brought against the Butler Agency
Philadelphia by the Sherman Service 1nc Mr. Sherman the Bill
in Equity, described his business very eloquently
''* establishing and maintaining peace and harmony
good will and efficiency in manufacturing industrial and business
enterprises the employees and between the
employers thereof throughout said territory the resultant effect
contributing to the stability Of national structure and
mutual productivity employer employees and community
and said MI. Sherman the witness stand
How They Work Through invisible Service"
We send representatives plant purpose
vestgang and order that they the existing
conditions in the plant We term that invisible because
believe develop the unbiased unpreudcd facts more
clearly by invisible service We receive daily reports
individuals We submit clients the pth Of these
reports together with such recommendations believe es
IN 1917 the organization then bearing Shermans name
puplsned book Which they withdrew almost Immediately
Ihe employees OF manufacturing house national prom
submitted demands for per increase The
ered tive per cent advance but after conferences with
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
1! B !! : 4 ::
HOLD TO & IDEALS
Clergyman Warns Against Ma.
teriaiSIn in the American
Labor Movement,

DENVER, Mar. 10.-In an address
at an open forum in this city Rev.
Borden B. Kessler uttered a warning
against materialism in the labor
movement. He said labor can not de-
feat the capitalist with the latter's
weapons.
You trade unionists stand for
something higher than your oppon-
ents do" he said. "You stand for per-
sonality and the sacredncss of human
life Whether you consider yourself
religious or unreligious or anti-relig-
ous, I find a religious kinship in your
working for the group which some-
times surpasses the spirit of the
church..
A movement is needed which will
put the emphasis on persons, not on
profits. We have just come through
the greatest exhibition of material
force that the world has ever seen.
1t was war Of matter against matter
and the greatest amount of matter
conquered. We are now inclined to
think that force can do anything. That
was the state of mind of Germany
after 1871, and am not attacking the
government when say there are peo-
pie amcng us who would drive us to
the point Germany afterwards
reached"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
MADE FIRST CHOICE CANDIDATE 7
<BYV0sSPuLL|NGoUToF RACE
Old Cruiser and Waef Chosen to be Running Mate Of Phillips
atPfmary Election to be Held Saturday; Was Previously
Second Choice Labor; Both Have Excellent Records. .

Fred Voss commissioner of finance and candidate for rec
has withdrawn from the The made
Mrs Voss Tuesday after consultation with physicians Mr. Vo has
been health for several weeks and his condition
for reelection .-
Late last week the labor committee advised by friends Of
Mr. Voss that in all probability would be made
within few days withdrawing him from the contest account of
his inability make active campaign conference held
Sunday afternoon at labor headquarters attended by delegates
from every union
The situation discussed from angle The delegates
loath their of
to do 1--WE will win lose with him. declared of the dele
gates However, attention called to the fact that the
provided for first and second choice bong the primary
and way out of the delmma found
Withdrawal of Voss Makes Him Labor's First Choice
1t suggested that Leondas Merritt former of
public utilities be endorsed abors second choice
Voss Withdraw he would automatically become labors
This done protect labors the
primary election.
before the primary Saturday who have
Deen by labor Phillips Leondas Merritt
not appear the the names Of Frank Cut
ng and candidates for reelection for municipal
ana OF harry Lannrs candidate for assistant
judge appear thereon All Of these candidates been endorsed
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12

Former Congressman "; |,
Carss Dons :0yerals and. Is
y. Back on Old '!'AlN Run"

William L. Carss, the former labor
congressman from this district, re-
turned to his home at Proctor Tues
day morning, came down to Duluth
Wednesday to purchase anew suit
Of .overa1ls and on Friday boarded
his, OLD. engine. looked 81. over, cares
fully, pulled the throttle and was
away on his "Hills Rum, following the
signals as carefully as he did when
he left. the same cab two years. ago
! to take a seat in congress.
That is American democracy for
you, the real kind, the kind that hon
est labor men--5exemp1ify. If Carss
had been professional man he could
have remained in Washington. as
many ofethem, do, to use their privi-
leges as ex-members in order that
they may successfully lobby for some
special interest.
Mr.. Carss returns from Washington
just as he went, with his head erect
and his honor sustained. He admits
that he got a world of experience out
of it, and he no doubt, as most hon
est men do, comes home richer in
knowledge but poorer in worldly
wealth.
, The record he made as a member
of congress is without a blemish. 1t
is one of service in behalf of the peo-
pie. So far as his vote and influence
could do it he conserved their interests
on each and every occasion. The pro-
gressive voters of this district are
proud Of him and they hope the time
will again come when he may be able
to serve them. .
Mr., Carss. upon his return, paid
high tribute to w. B. Wilson, former
secretary. Of labor, who has been ap-
pointed as a member of the interna-
tional boundary commission. HE is
statesman and is recognized as such
in Washington" said Mr.. Carss. THE
people Of this section of the country
will have no better friend :.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
LUMBER | COMPANY
MoBBERS TO PAY:
Jury Awards Union Organizer
$10,750 Damages; Was. -.
Mobbed by Company Men. $

PURV1S, Miss, Mar. 10. - A jury
has awarded Charles H. Franck, or
ganizer fo rthe international Union
of Timber Workers $10,750 damages
against officers of a lumber company
at Sumrarl, this state. -:
Franck brought suit for $4,000
damages against the company and its
officials because he was mobbed by
them last August. The court ordered
that the company be excluded from
the case and Franck's attorneys will
appeal to the. state supreme court.
During the trial much evidence was
brought out on the workings of de-
tectives and spoilers employed by the
company to check the unaonization of
it's employees. -, " -.
The mobbing attracted wide atten-
ton because of Governor RusselHs
stern rebuke to- the gang. The state
executive called upon county officials
to punish the mobbers. :s...
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1921-03-12
ALLEN OPPOSED. ..
TO STATE FUND
Alleged Friendship fol. Labor is
Again Shown in Opposition to
State Insurance Plan,

TOPEKA, Kan, Mar. 10.-Gover.
no. Aliens alleged friendship for the
working man is again shown in his
opposition to compensation bill ia
vored by Kansas trade unionists. The
governor has prepared a bill that he
is urging the legislature t. pass.
The labor bill provides for state
insurance, which would make it i'm
possible for private companies to ex-
plot the injured. The governors bill
is opposed to state insurance. The Ia
Dor bill makes it compulsory for en-
ployers to come under the bill; the
governors bill makes it optional.
The unionists have compiled a mass
of statistics to. prove to the legislature
that under state insurance employers
get cheaper insurance than under pri-
vate arrangements and the employees
are given more liberal compensation