The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1921-01-21
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The World war was IOrmdlly euueo
January 10 when Germany and four
teen of the powers allied against her
in the war exchanged ratifcations OF
the Treaty Of Versailles at Paris. The
United States, however, was not
among the nations participating in this
ceremony, as the treaty had not been
ratified by the senate.
- The League Of Nations came into
actual being at Paris January 16 when
the executive council held its first
meeting with representatives from Bel
giun, Brazil, England, Italy, France,
Japan, Greece and Spain participate
ing. Goa
The Russian government made a
step toward securing peace with its
warning neighbors by concluding
treaties with Ukraine and Esthonia.
{ The Turkish peace terms were CON-
pleted on March 8, and week later
the Allies decided to use force to i'm
pose the terms upon Turkey, sending
troops to occupy Constantinople. The
allied forces occupied the Turkish
capital without opposition
Polish troops began spring often
sive against the Russian Bolsheviki in
the Baltic region on March %. Warsaw
reported heavy fighting at many points
on the 4O0-mile front. Three days lat
er Poland offered peace terms to Rus
sia, providing for restoration Of the
kingdom Of 1772, return Of art and
other treasures, and an indemnity for
invasions since 1914. Polish troops ad-
ministered severe defeat to the Boil
sheviki at Podolia April Is.
The Poles and Ukrainians negotiat-
ed treaty on April q, recognizing
Ukrainian independence from Russia.
A combined army of Poles and Ukrain-
ians then launched an offensive against
the Russian "Red" forces, capturing
Kiev on May and the great port OF
Odessa on May H..
BolsheYik troops invaded Persia at
Astara May Is, forcing the withdrawal
Of British troops. Bolshevik troops
on the Polish front were REINFORCED
and launched an attack on ninety
mile front, seeking to open commune
cation with East Prussia. On June 3
they succeeded in fianking and driving
back General Pilsudski's Polish troops.
The supreme council continued Its
efforts to complete the peace settle
ments. The treaty with Hungary was
signed June at Versailles, Ambassa'
dor Wallace signing for the United
| States. Turkey was granted fifteen
days additional time to present its
| views regarding the treaty with that
country.
While these peace negotiations were
in progress, fighting continued at many
points. Over 300 italian prisoners were
killed by Albanians at Tirana on June
IS in retaliation for the assassination
of Essad Pasha in Paris on June 49,
Supported by. British troops and bat.
tleships at Malta and Constantinople
| the Greeks began campaign to oust
| the turkish Nationalists from parts OF
Asia Minor.
On July Z the Bolshevik troops cap
tured Rovono, throwing the Poles into
! retreat on the entire front. Polano
| opened negotiations for an armistice
and these continued for week wher
it was reported that Russia had or
| dered the postponenent Of the nego
| tiations and the capture Of Warsaw
Bolshevist troops captured Lomza ant
Brest-Litovsk, and began drive Or
Lemberg August l. During the mex
| two weeks they continued to advance
and Oh August II were within twelve
| miles of Warsaw. The Polish capita
seemed doomed, but on the 18th th'
! I'oles launched great counter-of
fersive and drove the Bolsheviki bacl
in disorder. Reartened by the crush
Ing blow given the Russian forces
| the Poles rejected the Bolshevik peac'
terms.
, In the meantime, on August II, Tn