davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1921-03-31
SEEK TEN NEGROES
IN PEONAGE CASE
Question Five Witnesses in
Murder Charges in
Georgia.

ATLANTA. Ga, March 31.-Federal
activity in the investigation of al
legged peonage conditions on the farm
of John S. Williams in Jasper coun-
ty. which. according to a dec1ara-
tion by Clyde Manning, negro farm
boss, led to the murder of eleven
negroes, was renewed today with the
questioning u Department of Jus
tice agents of five, negroes taken into
custody late yesterday as material
witnesses.
Ten negroes in all were sought by
federal agents, who went secretly to
the plantation. Many negroes have
fed to Atlanta and other places since
the revelations attributed to Man
ming.
Son Discusses Case.
Stories alleged to have been told
the grand jury by Floyd johnson, a
young. white man, that there had
been a concerted effort to cause racial
trouble and to make it appear negroes
killed the men found dead. in the
hope Of influencing public sentiment
in favor Of John 8. Williams. were
discussed yesterday by DR.. Gus Will
liams, a hero of the Somme retreat,
where his services won him the Brit
ish war cross.
DR.. Williams declared his father
and brothers were innocent of the
murder and also Of the alleged at
tempt to incite race trouble follow
ing the exposure of the alleged con-
ditions.
DR.. williams said his father lately
had paid the fines of negroes who
would otherwise go to the chain
gang, in order to get labor.
Denies Peonage Charge.
"Are the peonage charges against
your father and brothers true? he
was asked
well, If they are guilty of peon-
age" DIR. Williams replied, there are
many other farmers in Georgia guilty
of the same crime. It is true they
have bailed negroes out Of Jail. but
they have paid them wages and given
them clothes to wear"
After federal investigators made
their trip to the plantation in Feb
ruary. DR.. Williams said. and told the
negroes "they should be making more
and working only eight hours
a day." the elder Williams decided to
let all dissatisfied ones leave.
He even gave the negroes who
owed him money enough funds to get
them out of the county and Cancelled
their debts" DR.. Williams concluded.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
''SuESIA SHOULD BE OCCUPIED
TO FORCE GERMANY'S HAND
Allied Officer So Declares In Discounting
All Other Methods Considered to Get
Reparations Expeditiously

tanned? Only by the mobilization of
new classes through measures that
surely would be unpopular in France
and England alike. To occupy iso-
field. rather than the whole basin.
would be to repeat the same falla-
cious policy of pinpricking already
tried at Dusseldorf.
IN Upper Silesia, on the other
hand. the allies now have an army
numbering more than $4,000 men.
whose officers have spent several
months In studying the resources of
the country and who should be able
to elaborate economy coercive meas
ures within a short time. A blow
struck there would prove particu
larly humiliating to Germany after
the hopes aroused by the German
newspapers over the results of the
plebiscite. There can be no doubt
that Germany counts great deal
power in that province.
Other Alternatives.
'"The third alternative-that is, the
occupation of Frankfort, Darmstadt
and Mannheim-is improbable. despite
certain American newspapers state
ments to the contrary, because it
would not aid in the solution Of the
degree. So far as 1 know. the report
that French troop concentrations
have begun for this purpose is false.
Furthermore. the allies have already
had one unhappy experience with
Frankfort. from which they gained
nothing but ridicule. II the supreme
council now decides to march troops
in there to stay ten or fifteen years
I think the French will be glad to go.
but to stay only short period Of
months they would not.
FINALLY. we come to the last des-
nerate alternative of an mhifiouS
thrust through the center of Ger
many. 1t is extremely doubtful
whether such a policy would meet
with the approval of Great Britain or
the consent of the present French
cabinet. for it would involve raising
several hundred thousand fresh SOL
diers. Nevertheless it might be un-
dertaken by a radical Poincare cabi-
net in alliance with Belgium. The
objective would be purely political
In order to accomplish such a pur-
pose France would be forced to aban-
don all hope of any indemnity, permit
the union of Bavaria with Austria and
allow the re-establishment of the
Wittelsbach monarchy.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
rs TONS OF BELLS IN CARLTON
WILL MAKE NO DIN OR CLAMOR
Englishman Dwells on Mysteries of Bells
Capable of Playing Any Tune
Piano Can Play.

have two har,nonics: that is. the same
tone will sound in three octaves.
And tho har--nonics will be perfect.
By Mr.. Taylors system of bell tuning
the mouth of the bell can be meas
ured
How do we measure it?" smiled the
bcl'man. :Ah" that is secret
How Clappers Function.
Then the clappers are going to have
something to do with the general
softness of tones Of the whole bell
tower. The clappers are not allowed
to swing loose, to come down with
clatter of sound.
Each clapoer is held within one or
two inches of its bell, so that when
the performer at the clavier or key
board at the bottom of the tower
presses key the clapper will strike
the bell forcibly but softly, and the
bell will send forth melodious waves,
with all its harmonics in perfect ac-
cord.
Most of the bells you have in this
country" Mr.. Taylor said, "have horri-
BILE overtones."
Mr.. Taylor said he didn't know ex-
actly why the big bass bells. the
largest Of which in the proposed
carlton here will weigh %, 900 pounds
were called tenor" but said it had
OIL " aS DCCIt Tie CuSlOHl III Tue science
Of bells.
The carillon will have a range equal
to that of a piano. with all the half
tones, so that any composition play
able on a piano can be duplicated on
the carlton.
Jazz. why certainly" said Mr.. Tay-
1or II have heard jazz on a. carillon.
But it doesn't sound just right. you
know. not exactly in keeping with the
dignity of sound of the BELLS"
The action of the clapper is very
quick, once the key of the clavier is
depressed, the bell man explained, so
that eighth and sixteenth notes can be
executed in sprightly fashion. There
is nothing elephantine about a carillon,
he intimated.
The proposed bell tower here is to
have a musical range Of about one
fourth to three -fourths Of mile,
within which radius it will be heard
at it's best In the immediate neigh
borhood Of the tower, however, there
will be no din or clamor.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
DISCUSS WELFARE TOPICS
Civic Subjects Up at Meeting OF
Business Women's Section.

Civic and industrial welfare topics
featured the discussion at a meeting
OF the professional and business
women's section of the Women's City
Club last night.
An address by Courtenay Dinwid-
die On the value of community or
ganization for promotion of civic
spirit was followed by the discussion
Of charges that women were dis
criminated against in the govern
ment departments. The club will be
asked to foster resolution protest.
ing against alleged discrimination
against women in government serv-
ice at its next meeting. DR.. Edith
Coa1e presided.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
Legion to Decorate
Grave of Euery U. S.
Soldier in World Var

oy tuC aSSONlutcu ISSSs
INDIANAPOLIS, March 81
The grave OF every American
soldier who died abroad in the
world war will be decorated ON
Memorial day by the American
Legion.
All posts Of the legion were
called on for contributions to
bear the expense i'm q bulletin
sent today by Lemuel B0Iles,
national adjutant. The burden
OF the cost. the bulletin said,
rests with the members OF the
legion, but public contributions
also will be accepted.
Relatives OF the deceased SOL
diers may have n special floral
Offering or decoration placed ON
the graves through the legion's
committees in France. Great
Britain, Belgium and Germany,
1T also was announced.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
Hall of CuIlibles
Takes in>Buyer of
Great Terminal

NEW YORK, March 31.-In
the hall of Eullfbles. that long
corridor of fmmortalixation for
men who have bought Eincl
Tower. BROOKLYN Bridge and
traffic rights to the Atlantic
Ocean, room was being made
today for Gregory Pantasi, fes-
taurnteur.
Gregory complained to the po-
lice that he had paid 81 200 for
n ''larEe sectiOno of the Grand
Central Terminal, and that
when he went home to get an
additional $500 needed for COM
pletiOn of the deal the "owner"
disappeared.
Followed. the arrest of a
young man who gave the name
of Christopher Nicholas, accux-
ed by Pantnsi Of being his ad-
wiser. The "owner,' described
aS n tall, handsome man. who
smokes cOrk-tippcd cigarettes,
II the object of a police search.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
MAGAZINES FOR FRENCH.
Patients Would Read American
Literature, Says Mrs. Becker.

Mrs. George r. Becker Of this city.
who is at present doing hospital
work at the Institut Pasteur, at Lille,
France, asks that any one having
magazines or interesting current lit
erature send them to that institute,
which is hospital for the treatment
Of tuberculosis.
She states that the patients are
anxious to read American works of
importance, as there is great desire
for anything concerning America and
the work Of it's people.
Any publications marked for the
Instftut Pasteur and delivered to the
Smithsonian Institution will be for
warded through its international ex-
change service without charge.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
PLAN DRIVE TO GET
|. TRAINED TEACHERS
School Officials to Make
Special Plea to Young
Women in District.

The campaign proposed by school
officials to recruit Washington school,
girls into the teaching profession will
be launched next week. All details
for the movement are now being
worked out by Alexander 7. Stuart.
director of intermediate instruction. at
the request of Supt Ballou.
1t is planned to have school officials.
teachers and normal school students
address assemblies of high school girls
and to speak before mothers clubs
and parent-teacher associations on the
subject. why Not Tech?" The
speakers will explain the course of
training in the normal schools and the
desirability of every girl considering
the opportunity provided in teaching
for rendering important public service.
Larger Glasses Wanted.
The campaign will be conducted with
normal schools, and thereby assuring
an adequate supply of satisfactorily
trained teachers for the Washington
pubic schools in future years.
In a communication to Mr.. Stuart.
directing him to formulate plans for
lne teacher recruiting campaign, Supt.
Ballou declared that zone of the seri-
Gus problems during the past several
years has been procuring satisfactorily
trained teachers" 3" The has been true''
DR.. Ballou added. mot only in WASH
ington, but all over the country. 1t
seems to the superintendent that the
time has come when we as members
OF the profession, should exercise our
appropriate influence to assist in the
solution of this problem.
Three Main Issues.
The problem may be divided into
several parts. The first has to do with
prompting persons endowed by nature
with the qualifications which promise
success in teaching, to enter a course
or training leading to the profession.
The second part of the problem re-
lates to the appointment and advance
ment OF teachers in the service and
the third part to their compensation.
am directing your attention to the
hrst Of these problems, namely, that
OF prompting our high school girls to
enter the normal schools to prepare
Tor elementary school teaching, or to
enter a teachers college to prepare
Tor high school teaching. 1t appears
to. the superintendent that this is a
vital matter. in the solution of which
the profession should be playing a
conspicuous part. The teaching pro-
fession is, and will continue to be,
largely SThat we as members Of the
profession undertake to make it. The
profession should, therefore, under
take to maintain and improve the
standards of the profession
Evening star., 1921-03-31
>$l,167,S()O RAILWAY
! DEFICIT |NMONTH.
/ Executives Declare 202
! Roads Show Operating
Loss for January.
REVENUES SHOW GAIN
REVENUES SHOW GAIN
I Fall $6s, ,43s, 800 Short of Estimate
Set by Commerce Commission,
Says Announcement.

Tabulation of earnings statistics
from 232 railroads of the country
shows a deficit for January Of $1.167,-
800, tho Association of Railway Ex-
ecutives announced last night. More
than half Of the railroads failed TO
earn expenses and taxes during the
month, the statement of the associa-
tion said.
Operating revenues for January
were $46S, 1900. an increase of 5 1-5
per cent over January. 1920. while op-
Grating expenses were $442,474, 900. an
increase Of 63-5 per cent over the
same period of a year ago. The net
operating income, which was not
given, represented a decrease of 1905
per cent, as compared with January,
1920, it was said.
Freight Revenues Increase.
Freight revenues amounted to $323,-
5S6, 900, an increase of 1-5 per cent
over the previous January, and pas
senger revenues were $1Oo.247,OO an
increase over January. 1920. of IA SO
per cent. The roads failed by $685.
42S. 800, the announcement said, to
earn the amount estimated under the
increased rates fixed by the Inter
state Commerce Commission in ac-
cordance, with the transportation act.
Roads of the eastern district failed
by 116 per cent to receive the amounts
estimated, while southern roads failed
by Is per cent to realize the profits
estimated.
A plan to require more complete
data regarding wages and hours of
railroad employees. proposed by rep
resentatives of the Railroad Labor
Board in conference with a repre-
sentative of the Interstate Commerce
Commission yesterday. would cost the
roads $4,000,000 a year, A. P. Thorn,
general counsel for the railway
executives, told the conferees.
First of Conference.
The conference was the first OF
series between the two federal bodies
to agree on a basis for data required
of the roads. Horace Secrist rep
resented the labor board and NJ. o.
Lorens- the commission. Mr.. Secrist
proposed 14S employe classifications,
saying data now compiled by the
roads was not sufficient to enable the
labor board to act intelligently, as an
accurate comparison with wages and
hours for similar work in other in
dustries was not shown. Mr.. Thorn
proposed a plan for 123 classical
tions, adding that the roads were
eager to give every assistance needed
by the government.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
GATHER COAL DATA.
Officials Fear Reserve Stocks Are
Being Unwisely Burned.

A QUESTIONABLE inquiring about the
stocks of coal on hand April was
sent to coal consumers yesterday by
the geological survey to determine
whether consumers are unwisely
burning up their reserve supplies.
Purpose of the QUESTIONABLE,
Director Smith announced. is to hnd
out how much coal is being carried
over from the past coal year, in order
that consumers and producers may
make intelligent plans for next year.
Bituminous production during the
third week in March was down to
6,46S. 900 tons. the lowest point e1-
cent during the 1919 coal strike. since
the business depression of 1914. Dr.
rector Smith said. The weekly aver
age for 1920 was 100000 tons.
The decrease was to be expected In
part, Mr.. Smith said, because OF de-
cline in consumption and exports.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
DIES IN PHILADELPHIA.
[rs. hannah Callahan Leaves
Many Relatives in d. C.

Word was received here today of
the death in Philadelphia yesterday
Of Mrs. Hannah Callahan. sister of
John J. Callahan, Of 1929 North Capt.
toll street. this city. Mrs. Callahan
died at o'clock last night, after a
lingering illness lasting more than
six months
Funeral services probably will be
held Saturday from Mrs. Callahan's
late home. 1881 North 18th street,
Philadelphia Mrs. Callahan is sur
yived by her brother John and sister,
Miss Maria Callahan. Among her
nephews and nieces in this city are
John, Paul, Leo. Frank, Raymond and
Vincent Callahan, Miss Rosa Callahan
and Mrs. Rene E. Fraile.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
APPLIES TO PRESIDENT.
DR.. Emma 3. Bailey Would Be As
sistant Land Commissioner.

DR.. Emma Reba Bailey, a lawyer,
and adjudicator in the general land
office. today announced her candidacy
for the assistant commissionership of
the land office.
DR.. Bailey has written to President
Harding outlining her qualifications
and requesting that she be considered
a candidate for the position. She has
been a republican for thirty years.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
ANNUAL BANQUET HELD.
Pennsylvania State College
Alumni Hold Meeting Here.

The first annual alumni banquet OF
Pennsylvania State College was held
last night at the University Club. Rep
resentative Kelly of Pennsylvania was
the principal speaker. He pointed out
how education has played a great
part in the development of the United
States. and urged wider support of
the institutions of learning.
The following officers were elected:
A A. Hansen. president: P. A. Pat
terson, vice president, and F. A. Ash
brook, secretary-treasurer. 1t was
stated that weekly luncheons will
be held in the future as a means OF
stimulating interest in alumni &C.
fivitieS.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
NEGRO C0NFEssEs MURDER.

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. March 81
John Whiteside. alias Ambry Garrett
negro, brought back from Chatta-
nooga Saturday night, made a com
plete confession OF the murder of j.
L. Bourgouis. seventy-three years
and Lacey Murphree, ffteen-year-old
boy, in the office Of county solicitor
Joseph r. Tate. according to the SO
licitor.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
FREIGHT CHARGES CUT.

SAN FRANCISCO. March 31.-Slight
reductions on freight charges on sew
eral commodities, between Pacific and
Atlantic ports, were announced by the
Pacific-North Atlantic conference,
virtually all steamer lines
engaged in that tariff. The largest
reduction was on Philippine hemp, S
cents a hundred pounds to 70 cents.
Evening star., 1921-03-31
HOUSE. CAUCUS CALLED.
Republican Members to Meet Two
DAVIS Before Extra Session.

House Leader Mondel1 has called a
caucus Of the republican members of
the House in the Sixty-seventh Con-
gress for April 9, two days before the
date set by President Harding Tor the
onening of the extraordinary session.
The principal business Of that meet
ing. It is understood, will be the Sc.
lection of the republican whip, and
the confirmation of the schedule OF
committee, assignments as made up
Evening star., 1921-03-31
ASSIGNED TO SEA DUTY.

Lieut.. Commander Leslie J. Jordan,
on duty in the bureau of ordnance.
Navy Department. has been assigned
to the command Of the c. S. S. Glenn
Evening star., 1921-03-31

False teeth were made and worn
5000 years ago.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1921-10-28
MONEY DECLINES
IN EFFICIENCY
Enormous Addition to the Ma
tional Income Is Not Real
Wealth Increase.
DUE TO RISE IN PRICES
National Bureau Of Economic Research,
After Exhaustive Study, Makes Pub
lie Figures Showing Variation in
Dollars Purchasing Power.

New York, Oct. 27.-The total ma
tional income of the United States in
1918 was 81 billion dollars, as COM
pared with 34.4 billions in 1913; but
this increase In dollars did not repre-
sent like increase in production. Most
of it was due to the rise in prices, for
the dollar of 1918 and 1919 was much
less efficient dollar than that of 1913.
The actual total of commodities pro-
duced increased very little, If at all,
and a large part of those which were
produced were war materials. not of
a kind really benefiting consumers.
Consequently, individual incomes,
estimated on per capita basis. rising
from $34O in 1910 and 1854 in 1913,
to $3.50 in 1918. represent more dollars
but little or no real increase, because
the $3.50 of 1918 is equivalent to only
1872 in terms of the purchasing power
of 1913
These are the most important find
ings Of the National Bureau of Eco
nomic Research, made public today
in advance of the formal publication
of the results of a years study of
Income in the United States" This
study, the most exhaustive ever made
of the income question in this country,
has been conducted by Wesley Clair
Mitchell, Willford l. King, Frederick
R. Macaulay and Oswald w. Knauth,
under the auspices and direction of
board of nineteen directors, including
men prominent in many fields of busi-
ness, education, labor, agriculture. eco
nomics and practical statistics, and
representing many divergent points of
view.
This table exhibits the main find-
ings, including the equivalent value
Of per capita income in terms of the
1913 purchasing power:
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1921-10-28
ANYTHING TO KEEP THE HELP
Evidently Farmer, These Days, Must
Expect to Make Them Some
Slight Concessions.

II see you are keeping your hired
man all right now, Ezra"
yep. keeping him all right"
"He seems satisfied, too. How'd
you do it?"
Did everything he asked me to.
Let him work only eight hours and eat
with the family. He got to complain
ing of dull evenings, SO every night I
give him the use of car of his own,
and the money to spend, to go to the
movies in town."
"That ought to satisfy him"
ut didn't, though. He complained
Of his room, and SO / coaxed my son
to trade rooms with him. Then he
seemed more settled like"
81 notice you've cut off your whIsk-
ers, Ezra"
yeah. Some more of that hired
mans notions"
Flows that?"
"He complained they tickled him
every time. I kissed him good night"
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1921-10-28
Total Ma Per Capita Per Capita
Distribution Of Income.

The report says that only one out
of hundred Il per cent? income re-
ceivers in the United States In 1913
had incomes of $4,000 or more, and
that this one per cent had ii per cent
Of the national income. Five per cent,
representing incomes above 5000,
had 26 per cent of the total. Ten per
cent, including income above $4,000,
had nearly 35 per cent Of the total;
the most prosperous 20 per cent, in
Guiding income above $1,75O, had about
At per cent. Eighty per cent of the
income receivers had incomes below
$1,750, receiving about SO per cent of
the total income.
Shares of Labor and Capital.
In most of the years since 1912. the
bureau finds that In the principal or
ganized industries, wages and salaries
were about 70 per cent of the total in
come; while capital Qncluding man.
agement) received about 80 per cent,
out Of which were paid rent, interest
and profits; but these proportions va
ried materially with relative prosper
ity and depression. In 1915, for ex-
ample. the share Of capital increased
to about 35 per cent, with 65 per cent
to labor, while in 1919 capitals share
fell to about % per cent, while labor
got about 78. OF the total payments
to employees in the highly organized
industries. about 90 per cent goes to
the manual workers and clerical staffs,
while s per cent goes to officials.
Share Of the Farmer.
The farmers, who during the past
decade have made up about 16 per
cent Of the total of gainfully employed,
had from IL to 13 per cent of the ma
tional income in the years between
1910 and 1915 inclusive; since 1917
they have been receiving 16 to IT per
cent, or a somewhat higher proper
ton, as the following figures from the
report show:
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1921-10-28
BLOW THAT SHOCKED DADDY
Old Gentleman Now Naturally Fears
He Has Lost the Confidence
OF His Neiphbors.

Susan was having her first beau, a
youngster who drove a truck. And
often when he came to Susan's home
at night, since he lived in the other
part Of town, he came in the truck.
The family continually twitted her
about it, saying such things as II
suppose the neighbors will think we're
having our coal hauled at night" or
~our flour" or some other commod-
fly.
But one evening even father was
horrif1ed when one Of the ten-year-old
boys in the neighborhood said inno-
Gently: my pa said that your pa
would get plnched some night If he
didn't quit having SO much booze
hauled here after dark"
Investigation disclosed the fact that
the truck that stood at their door one
evening each week was an old brew
cry truck.-Indianapolis News.