davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1921-02-04
J.C. WILBORN REA5 RsAirr

As Acrcs-Enown as the "Whitesides
Mill Site" two and Une-half miles OF
Hickory Grove One dwelling, five
rooms; twenty-five (25) acres in culti-
walton: balance in pasture and timber
One three-room tenant house, two
barns. Price 100000. Property OF II.
NJ. Whitesides.
Three Lots-In the town OF Glover
near the Graded School building. See
me for price, which is right.
1856 Acres-Five and one-half miles
of Rock Hill; one mile of a splendid
school; three tenant houses, two barns,
one extra large barn; a magnificent
new dwelling, two stories. nine rooms,
lights and water; all modern improve
ments. This is undoubtedly the best
euuiped, absolutely level farm in the
county. See me for price-Which Is
Right.
24O Acres--In Mecklenburg county,
n. c., located on the National State
Highway from Charlotte 10 Columbia.
Only six miles from Charlotte cross
roads; three -fourths Of q mile from
Sharon schools and church; Il magnifi-
cent country farm and viii be sold at
the right price.
553-4 Acres-Between York and
Rock Hill, near Floyd Jackson's store;
four room house and barn. Plenty OF
wood, good land good neighbnrhOod;
near schools and churches: about three
miles Of Tirzah station. Price on level
with cotton prices.
113 Acres miles of York, large
ten room residence: good barn, new
tenant house, i.trut Il three horse farm
open. Plenty OF wood and water, on
public roadLfi'om York 10 Clover
The above; farms are all priced right.
J.C. WLBORN fsAh,r 'EsAhrr. !
WORK, S, c,
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
Americas Protest.

Postponing for the time being
consideration of the actual validity
Of. the claims OF Americans to the
oil fields Of Mesopotamia and the
former Turkish territory. and deal
Ing entirely with the broad rights
of the United States to equal OPP
portunities to the oil fields in the
mandate countries, as this Is n
broad question that should be de-
cided at the Washington Confer
ence, we see clear evidence that the
United States has been discrim-
mated against. We find further
that the United States protests, as
strong and explicit as they were.
did not bring any change in atti-
tude.
The question and its various i'm
portant aspects were clearly de.
fined in Secretary OF State Colby's
note Of November 20, 1920. to
Great Britain. This note was ad-
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

Southwest Africa and certain Of the
South Pacific islands, which, owing
to the sparseness Of their popula-
ton or their small size, or their re-
moteness from the centers of civil
lization,N or their geographical con-
tiguity to the territory of the
mandatory, and other circum
stances, can be best administered
under the laws of the mandatory
nation as integral portions Of its
territory, then the mandatry nation
was made administrator. subject to
the safeguards that the national
resources Of the territory, includ-
ing oil, minerals. and other re-
sources. shall be granted by the
mandatory nation without distinc-
ton on grounds of nationality be-
tween the nationals of all the allied
and associated nations.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

friends before the military opened
fire.
In the days before mick" had
cultivated the useful mustache.
ne was hard pressed in a certain
district and decided to go into close
hiding for a day or two until he
had acquired sufficient growth on
his upper lip to serve as dis
guise.
In due course he appeared at the
principa1 hotel as the Irish repre-
sentative of a well-known English
commercial house eager to do bust
ness with farmers in the district.
His geniality and his fund Of good
stories attracted the attention Of
a party of officers billoted there,
and In the course Of many merry
parties they told their companion
that they were securing the dis
trict for mick" Collins.
He expressed his curiosity to
see what truth there was in the
legends about this strange man.
and 1t was agreed that the officers
should take, him along to expert
ence the thrills Of one of heir
hunts for Mick
''It was the best days fun I
ever had" said mick" when plead
ing guilty to his adventure. They
hunted high and low. and there
was not a place in the district
that was not thoroughly searched.
Nobody seemed to think 1t worth
while to look among the. officers
who were directing the drive" Had
they done SO they would have found
their man at perfect ease and en-
joying the hunt.
At Downing Street, Mr.. Lloyd
George commented on the fact that
he and Mick" were meeting for the
first time in the flesh. but the pre-
mier was misinformed. The fact u
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
Mandate Question is
Clear Example of
Danger u. S. Faces
i'm Combine of British
Oil Octopus.
By Henry Woodhouse.


m HE greatest obstacle standing
in the way Of disarmament
next to the matter Of control
of worlds oil resources Is the ques-
ton Of tho oil rights in the man.
date" countries, that Is, the late
enemy colonial possessions.
At the same time the mandate
question affords better than any
thing else to the practical Amer
lean mind a clear cxemple of the
danger being faced BY the United
States in connection with the APP
parent determination of Great Brit
ain and other nations to control
the worlds oil resources.
1t Is clear that II the United
States oil resources had been ex-
hausted and we had relied on our
share Of the oil to be had from the
mandate countries the United States
would today face closed door, and
the safety, the standing and the In
dustrial welfare of the nation would
be jeOpardized by inability to get
sufficient oil.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
How Mandates Work.

C-After long but mainly secret
deliberations, the nations de-
cided to solve the problem by adopt
Ing the mandate form, which is
based on old principle Of early Rc-
man law, adopted and prac ticed with
variations in English and Scots law,
which permitted the Allied and AS
ISOLATED nations to resolve them
selves into mandators and as such
be in a position to appoint any na-
ton to act as mandatory over
given territory.
The Treaty Of Versailles, Article
20. Clauses 3 to 7. defined the types
of many ates in general way. and
Subsequently the mandates were
divided into three classes, known as
Glass A." Glass b." and Glass C'
mandates. which were defined in the
treaty and, in a general way, pro.
vided that the character of the man.
date would differ according to the
stage of the development of the peo-
pie. the geographical situation of
the territory. It's economic condi.
tons and other similar circum-
stances.
For instance, in the case of GER
tain communities formerly belong
ing to the Turkish empire, like
Mesopotamia, which had reached a
stage of development where their
existence as independent nations
could be Professionally recognized
subject to the rendering of admin
istrative advice and assistance by a
mandatory until such time as they
were able to stand alone. the wishes
of these communities were to be a
principal consideration In the selec.
ton of the mandatory.
In the case Of territories such A.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

dressed to the Rt. Hon. Earl Cur
son, of Kedleston. British secretary
OF state for foreign affairs. in an
swer to his note Of August 9, 1920.
and read, in part, as follows:
IT have the honor to refer to
your note Of August 9. regarding
the application Of the principle of
equality Of treatment to the terri
tories Of the Near East be placed
under mandates, and specifically
to the petroleum resources Of those
territories rs affected by that
principle.
This Government welcomes your
pledges to the effect that the nat
ural resources Of Mesopotamia are
to be secured to. the people OF
Mesopotamia and to the future
Arab state to be established in that
region, and that 1t Is the pur-
pose of the British government,
fully alive to its obligations as a
temporary occupant, not only to Sc
cure these resources to the Meso-
potamia state, but also it's absolute
freedom of action in the control
thereof, and, in particular, that it
Is far from the intention Of the
mandatory power to establish any
kind Of monopoly or preferred po-
sition In its own interest.
II need hardly refer again to the
fact that the Government Of the
United States had consistently
urged that It Is Of the utmost i'm
portance to the future peace OF the
world that alien territory trans
ferred as n result of the war with
the central powers should be held
and administered I'm such a way as
to assure equal treatment to the
commerce and to the citizens Of all
nations. Indeed, 1t was in reli-
ance upon an understanding TO thk
effect, and expressly In contempla-
ton thereof. that the United States
was persuaded that the acquisition
under mandate Of certain enemy
territory by the victorious powers
would be consistent with the best
interests Of the world.
1T is assumed, accordingly, that
your statements with reference to
Mandate A. together with the state
ment that the draft mandates for
been prepared with view to Sc
cure equality of treatment for the
commerce and citizens of all states
which are members of the League
of Nations. do not indicate q sup
position on your part that tho
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
The British Grabs.

The mandate plan seemed, there
fore, 10 afford an equitable solution
to the problem of settling the ques-
ton of management of territories
acquired from Germany and Turkey
named above.
1-It was understood that at the
Peace Conference. in Paris, in
1919, President Wilson had insisted
on and the other nations had agreed
that the underlying principle of the
mandates would be the maintenance
Of an open door of free business Cd
portunity for every nation In the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

Grafton. but nothing more than
hazy equivocations resulted, no sat.
isfactory answer being given.
The fact that after the nations
signified their acceptance of the
broad policy proposed by the United
States to insure equal opportuni-
ties for trade and commerce to the
nationals Of all nations on mandate
lands, this wholesome policy was
brushed aside by Great Britain and
other nations and a closed-doer
policy was adopted which excludes
Americans from their rightful
claims to the oil fields Of mandate
countries, Is significant and shows
the necessity of insisting upon the
settling Of the international oil
question at the Washington confer
ence.
6-The grasping, evasive attitude
Of nations regarding the mandate
question and the American rights
to equal opportunities In mandate
countries has shown conclusively
that the nations cannot be bound
to square dealings by the methods
and means adopted by the League
Of Nations.
We cannot expect the nations to
adopt decisions regarding disarma-
ment or limitation of armament and
to carry said decisions into effect
in spirit as well as in letter until
the great question of control of the
worlds oil resources is settled.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

individual who might pass for the
embodiment Of Killjoy.
Another change and Mick has the
appearing of being a grave and be-
nevolent individual who could MOI
possibly be associated with violence
and ranging from the richest broguc
to the drawing accents of Oxford,
and If Mick" alters his facial ex-
preston to suit any character no
finds 1t necessary to assume he can
produce the voice to correspond.
you are not far out" was all he
would admit, when 1 suggested to
him that his gift as an actor ex.
planned the secret of his success in
eluding the police. 1t may sound
incredible. but 1t Is nevertheless
true that in the days when he was
on the run mick" was in the habit
of visiting London. believing that
there he would be safer than in any
other part of the world.
On one of these trips mick" was
seen by the merest chance by one
who happened to know him rather
well. and the word was passed to
his pursuers, with the result that
the train at Kingstown Harbor was
watched closely for thick set man
Of athletic build. wearing a bowler,
and with upper lip adorned with a
Charlie Chaplin mustache.
IN GUISE OF PRIEST.
Eager to prevent their prey es-
Gaping. officers ran along the train
seeking their man everywhere, but
he was not to be seen. Instead they
found a clan-shaven young priest.
who seemed to have more luggage
than he know what to do with.
One of the officers helped the
priest with his luggage, and was
warmly thanked. He might not
have been 30 ready to help had he
known that the young priest was
Mick" who had been warned on
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

This is the eighth of series of articles revealing the
inside facts regarding the factors that dominate the
aohoe disarmament question: aoritten especially for The
Washington Times by Henry Woodhouse He is fore
most authority and leader of the national defense move
nent in Ohich he took the nitiave in 1872 uhen he
started to organize squadrons for the Ne0 York
National Guard and for different States.
For seven gears Mr.. Woodhouse, Whose report ma
toual defense matters haze been published Congress
sondl documents since 1913 has studied and followed the
Development of the international oil question During the
he requested to make report for the President
and the War Department, and he made exhaustive
study of the Oorlds oil production and oil resources and
has followed closely the inside developments of the oil sit
udtion and other dominant factors affecting international
relations throughout the aOorld
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

that they met on at least two occa.
sions and exchanged few words.
The first occasion was in the latter
part of 1919, when mick" was on o
visit to London and dropped into a
restaurant near Covent Garden
much used by Mr.. Lloyd George
until his attendance there became
too much of an attraction.
One night the only table available
Tor the premier was occupied by a
very polite young man, with whom
the premier got into conversation
for the rest of the evening. Thcy
even discussed the Irish situationy
and some hard words were said of
Mick" Collins. but not even the
faithful shadow of the premier, who
had strolled into the restaurant be-
hind him, identified the stranger
sharing the table as mick" Collins.
Their next meeting was in the
early part of this year, when Mick"
made one Of his frequent trips to
London to see new play in which
he was interested. With some
friends he had taken a box, and just
as the curtain was being raised the
premier's party arrived and were
shown into the box occupied by Col
Inns and his friends by mistake.
Profuse apologies, were offered,
which Mick" accepted gracefully,
and the premier recognized the po-
lite occupier of the box as the young
man he had talked with at the
Covent Garden restaurant.
They exchanged friendly. greet
ings. and parted. mick" adding, to-
the establishment of some of those$
who heard. II may look in to have
a talk with you at Downing street
one Of these days" The premier
smiled at the joke, or the presump-
ton. and the two parted. to meet
again at Downing street.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

mandate territorw and that the
United States could not sanction or
agree to give Japan a mandate over
the island Of zap, the Pacific island,
on account of that island being ter
minus of important cable lines
necessary to the United States for
uninterrupted communication with
China and the Far East.
But soon it was found that Great
Britain had assumed control of
Mesopotamia and with utter disre-
gard of the claims to Turkish oil
fields secured before the war by
Americans, she insisted on barring
Americans from Mesopotamia. Then
zap was given to Japan. Thus
both of the principles referred to
above were disregarded and the
United States protested to the
Council Of the League of Nations
and to the allied nations.
They replied, in effect, as the
main justification, that the records Of
the 1919 meetings. did not contain
any records Of any such stipulations
made by President Wilson on behalf
Of the United States!
On account Of the absence OF such
stipulations from the minutes Of the
meetings the nation felt at liberty
to adopt policies Of discrimination
against the United States disregard
Ing entirely the principles Of equity
and natural justice!
5-The United States made vieor-
Gus protest, advancing the Amer.
lean claims to the Mesopotam'a oil
fields and other equally valid rea-
sons for requesting greater consid.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

gard OF the rights and wishes of the
United States regarding the man.
date question.
In other words, IL the obligations
and friendship born Of the war. were
disregarded and Americans were ex.
cluded from equal participation in
exploring for and operating the oil
fields Of the mandate countries,
which cover an area of over 5000
600 square miles, therefore larger
than the United States, what can
the United States and smaller ma
tons expect from the nation or ma
tons that may control the worlds
oil resources in the near future, IL
this question is not settled from
both economic and political stand
points at the Washington confer
ence?
Some of the outstanding aspects
Of the mandate question are as fol-
lows:
by Article 11s Of the treaty Of
peace with Germany signed at
Versailles on June %. 1919, Ger
many renowned in favor of the
principal allied and associated
powers all her rights over her over
seas possessions as follows: Togo
(33,600 square miles,, Cameroons
100000 square miles,, Southwest
Africa 1922, 440 square miles,, East
Africa (3S4,000 square miles,, New
Guinea (324,76s square miles,,
Kaiser Wilhelmsland and Bismarck
Archipelago, East Carolina and Mar
shall Islands, West Caroline and
Marianas Islands,, Samoa Island
(9,15O square miles,. Territory of
Kiaochow.
In the Near East. through the
defeat OF Turkey. the allied and
associated powers obtained control
over Mesopotamia, Palestine, Ara
bia, Armenia, Alabama. Thrace and
Syria.
Thus the allied and associated
powers obtained control over ter
ritories aggregating an area Of over
100000 square miles, most Of these
territories being rich in Oil, minerals
and other natural resources and oc-
cupying positions OF strategic i'm
portance from commercial and
naval and military standpoints.
C-The United States was, of
cource. entitled to reparation
indemnity and could have exacted a
share OF the territories acquired
from Germany and Turkey. In
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

Finally one of them suggested
that / should be let off on con-
dition that / took them to the
hiding place Of Mick Collins. That
was a nice state OF affairs. /
could only escape death on the
spot by telling them that was
not the man they thought me. but
Mick
II thought II over and decided
that the best way would be to
make a show Of guiding them to
'Mick's' hiding place. So we set
out. but on the Journey I disap-
peared. They cursed and stormed.
and searched high and low, but
they did not search the right
place, for had they looked into
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
One of the few photographs in existence Of Michael
Collins commander nchief of the Irish Republican army
He is shown here addressing mass meeting in Ulster.

the bottom Of the lorry contain
ing their kits and reserve ammuni-
ton they would have found me.
II had slipped In there when they
were not looking and slept The
greater part Of the night. waiting
until they had settled down for the
night, and then making good my IS
cape"
Nick would not tell me how he got
clear from the district after that.
but believe that his next appear
ance was in the guise of rural post
man, and It says much for his skill
as an actor that he actually deliv-
cred letters to members Of the party
who had threatened to kill him only
q few hours before without being
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
What Allies Gained.

The mandate question is of ex-
treme Importance to the American
public and to the nations of the
world because, as will be shown by
the diplomatic correspondence and
facts to follow, 1t is obvious that IL
no greater consideration was given
to the rights and protests of the
United States in this matter, then.
unless some radically different form
of guarantee can be evolved, no
agreement that may be reached at
the Washington conference can
be counted upon as binding the coun-
tries that have shown such disrc-
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20
Great Britain Bars u,
S. From MesopOtalnia
with Utter Disregard
of Agreement at Ver-
SailleS Meeting.

United States can be excluded from
the benefits Of the principle OF
equality Of treatment. .
"The United States, as a partici-
pant i'm that conflict, and as a con.
tributor to its successful issue, can.
not consider any of the associated
powers, the smallest not less than
itself. debarred from the discussion,
Of any Of its consequences, or from
participation i'm the rights and privl-
leges secured under the mandates
provided for in the treaties Of
peace.
THE Government Of the United
States assumes that there Is a gen.
eral recognition of the fact that
the requirements for petroleum ara
in excess OF production and Il be-
lieves that opportunity to explore
and develop the petroleum resources
OF the world, wherever found,
should, without discrimination, be
freely extended, as only by the un,
hampered development Of such ri
sources can the needs of the world
be met"
During the year that has elapsed
since the United States expressed
itself thus, clearly stating its strict
adherence to the open-do princl.
pie and against the monopolizing
OF the oil resources of the mandate
countries, Great Britain entirely
disregarded this principle, has es-
tablished an oil monopoly in the
Near East, has disregarded tho
American prior claims and has
tened the exploitation of Mesopo-
tamia and Turkish oil resources by
the British government controlled
Anglo-Persian Oil Company and its
associate, the Turkish Petroleum
Company, and has maintained and
affirmed the closed. door policy.
The United States has protested
repeatedly to Great Britain and to
the other. great powers, severe
notes have been exchanged and dip,
lomatic relations strained. all with!
out results.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1921-11-20

stead 1t adopted broader policy
which was expressed by President
Wilson. speaking for the United
States, in his address to Congress
Of January s. 1918, and which pro-
vide for "the removal, so far as pos
sible. Of all economic barriers and
the establishment of an equality Of
trade conditions among all the ma
tons consenting to the peace and
associating themselves for it's main.
tenance." These broad principles
were affirmed and reaffirmed and
represented the broad attitude of
the United States.