davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
Horticultural
Hints
CLEANING UP A BERRY PATCH
It Can Usually Be Brought Back to
Productive State by Careful.
Judicious Pruning.

A patch Of small fruit which has
been allowed to grow as 1t will for a
season or two is a tough proposition,
but it can usually be brought back to
q productive state by careful and judi
cious pruning.
Berries should be grown in rows.
They should never be allowed to form
a bramble patch and grow where they
will. Sucker plants springing up from
the roots Of parent bushes Is what
causes them to form the bramble
patches and it is likewise these sucker
plants which so tax the roots that fruit
production is an impossibility. Define
row at least six feet apart in your
patch, then grub out all the other
plants and bushes. If you want to
use them for additional planting the
work can be done early in the spring
while the canes are in dormant and
the roots transplanted to other rows.
But remove the sucker plants. grub
them out and keep them out in the
future by constant cultivation during
the growing season.
The canes should all be cut back
to six to eight inches in height and
the growth of new canes encouraged.
Allow only three e canes to form
to the bush and when they are two
and one-half feet high, about the mid
die Of the following summer, top them
off with a hand sickle. This will stop
any further growth in these canes, will
make them strong and stocky so that
they will stand upright without trellis
Of support. It also causes lateral
branches to be sent out and it is on
these lateral branches that the fruit
is borne. These laterals are allowed
to grow as they will. but the follow
ing spring, just before fruiting sea
con, they are pruned back one-half in
order to improve the quality Of the
fruit produced :
BY following this plan the old berry
patch, unless it is hopelessly diseased,
can be restored to productivity within
one year. Getting a berry crop is
merely a question of pruning and Of
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
AND GOOD HIGHWAYS
improved Roads Make Farm Only a
Suburb and Land Has Increased
Greatly in Value.

The biggest booster for good roads
in the totnffy today q the Palmer.
A few years ago he felt that the por-
ton of his taxes used in the %construc-
ton Of permanent highways repre-
scented a benefit only to the motoring
tourist and the city automobile owner.
The farmer argued that he. was pay
ing for their pleasures, and the result
was a superstition against the good
roads movement, which, unfortunately,
has not as yet been entirely overcome
in some sections Of the country.
Now, however, when the farmer
finds that his land has trebled in val
ne; when the merchandise for which
he has telephoned in the morning can
be delivered by noon Of the same day;
when the market for his own produce
is brought hours nearer; when the
winter and its following spring thaw
possess no terrors for him-all this
because Of the improved highway
which makes his farm only a suburb,
as it were, Of the nearest city-he
naturally becomes a Woodworking
and hard-voting enthusiast for good
roads.-Leslie's.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

In spite Of the fact that when the
test started she had already gone
three months since freshsning. The
amusing part OF G0ldie's record Is
her owner tried to sell her just
before she went on test, for $75. Six
months later he refused 1915 for her.
The whole herd Of which Goldie
was a part averaged over $50 pounds
Of fat for the year. In contrast with
this vas another herd Of 81 cows In
the same association, which had been
'reputed to be the best in that part of
the state. Yet IA of these were sold
during the year as Improbable, and
1t seemed likely that more Of them
would be.
Similar stories come from other
states. The dairy division has been
giving a great deal Of time to the
extension Of contrasting associations
throughout the country, and there are
now nearly 500 associations in various
states. ...
The man who Joins a contrasting as.
ISOLATION never runs the risk of selling
a $500 milk producer for $50 because
her appearance is poor, o Of vast
ing his feedstuffs and work on a good
for-nothing COW because she looks like
a good mixer:
1t is both profitable and practicable
to know for a certainty the worth Of
a COW by weighing her milk. A man
In a contrasting association has the
milk Of every COW weighed and tested
once a month, from which it Is easy to
calculate the total for a year. He
saves the trouble Of doing 1t himself
by having the COW tester do 1t. The
tester also weighs the feed. and fig
ures out the cost Of the milk so that
at the end of a year the owner Of a
herd Of cows knows exactly what each
n has given, what she has eaten,
and how much income over cost Of
feed she has brought him.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

Roads Ike This Are Carefully Avoid.
ed by Farmer Who 10 Hauling
Heavy Load.
the cornbelt farmer is just as dis
eliminating now that the automobile
is common On the fern. In fact be d
sosThe matter OF a few miles
extra travel n not of great moment.
AZ the I comes 10 be more and
more the medium sof that daily COM
merce between the harm ma town, the
importarce Of good roads comes to be
more clearly seen. The town has rec.
ognized it1s N order to hold this III
creasing but vital trade the town must
bid il ternassnf fair bargains ana good
roads-and not IeAst M smooth, aIlur.
Ing highways where lew obstructfons
to q fair speed are encountered $1,000
Where NE farmer buys lis daily u
weekly supplies be generally buys iii
larger items of machinery ana faIEna
equipnent ii d id to ia town thsk
desires "a i've 10 recod1ise ~
lem ofSthe rod roadsEo lenb
to desthDy ne oWn
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

suiiIcienf moisture. And the mJ7FTure
In an ordinary berry season can be-
supplied BY constant cultivation dur.
ing the growing season, FOR It Is inst
is important that the growing canes.
which are I'd bear next years crop Of
berries should have q plentiful supply
of moisture as for the berries. These
canes are largely formed after the
fruiting season and II cultivation and
the consequent conservation Of mois-
ture is discontinued after the fruiting
has taken place these canes will OF ne
cessity no be Is strong. well devel-
oped and sturdy as they should be.
Pruning Of berries and all cane
fruits should preferably be done In
the spring just before the sap com
mences to flow and after all danger
of killing frosts are past. Danger Of
winterkilling where fall or winter
pruning is practiced Is great, because
the open end OF the cane permits the
frost to travel down the soft center OF
the canes to the roots. That is why
spring pruning Is to be preferred. In
this pruning, remove all dead canes
from the previous seasons fruiting
canes and also thin down the present
canes to not more than three or four
sturdy ones to each old, established
root stock. Quality berries are worth
more than q quantity Of inferior ber-
ries and these quality berries are pro-
duced only where the roots are not
overtaxed.
Berries kept In q strong, sturdy con
dition by careful and systematic prun-
ing and by constant cultivation, just
as me would cultivate the cornfeld,
will remain productive for years. A
good manure mulch every fall will aid
them during the winter and will keep
up the available supply Of plant food.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
SEPARATE STALL FOR COWS
Youngsters Prevented From CroWdino
and Nursing Each Others Ears-
Expense 10 Small.

A Wisconsin farmer, who had a
number Of calves, thought 1t might be
well to find some NEAR Of keeping
them separate while feeding. They
pushed and pulled and ''nursed' each
others ears SO that the stronger ones
were well fed while the weaker went
hungry. Steel stanchions were an ex-
pense which he did not feel was justi-
fed with his small herd.
At little cost and with small labor
he built wooden stalls to which the
calves could be tied while feeding.
Board partitions separate them 0
completely from one another, and in
dividual earthenware bowls, which at
into q wooden frame, form separate
feeding devices which may be easily
renewed and cleaned.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

Farm-Grown Rouohaoes Furnish the
Cheapest Food Observation-Disclosures
Milk Production by Giving the Right
Kind Of Feed and Proper Attention
to Gown.
hours; horse labor, o. hour: other
costs, 42.5 cents.
III one year 1t was found that 1,O30
pounds Of concentrates were required
to keep a COW. Other requirements
were: Hauling and grinding concen-
trates, 81 cents dry roughage, 5000
pounds; silage and other s~ucculent
roughage, 5,8T pounds; bedding. 263
pounds; ; pasture, 8 acres; man labor,
123 hours; horse labor, 24.1 hours;
other costs, covering interest taxes
and similar items on the .dairy's share
Of buildings and equipment, but not
including management, $3.50. It was
determined that the dairy's share Of
the total investment in buildings,
equipment and herd amounted annual
II to 11.5 per cent Of the total inven-
tory value.
Copies Of this bulletin may be OBJ
tanned from the division Of publica-
lions, United States Department Of
Agriculture, Washington.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
FUR BEARERS DO MUCH GOOD
In Most Cases Little Creatures Per-
form Positive Service In Devour-
{ Inc Many Pests. .

Generally speaking, it is not wise to
exterminate fur-bearing animals indis-
criminately, say specialists Of the bio
logical survey, United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture. In most cases
the smaller ~fur-bearing creatures do
little damage on the farm. Often they
perform a positive service by Kidding
the orchards and fields of some of
their worst pests. Unless they are
found guilty of killing chickens or of
doing some equally definite injury, it
is far more profitable to spare the fur
bearers until seasonal. conditions will
assure a full value from the pelt.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

MILK PRODUCED FOR MARKET
Monthly Reports Show Wide Variation
Through Year-cost In Wintsr 10
Quite High.
Prepared by the United States Depart
mAnt of Agricn1f1,rAl

Prepared by the United states Depart
ment of Agriculture)
p winter the cost Of feed, bedding
and pasture amounts to 80 per cent Of
The yearly cost OF producing milk In a
typical Vermont dairy section, while
Ii summer It amounts to 15.9 per cent.
specialists Of the United States De-
pertinent OF Agriculture found as 4
result Of q study covering two years
IN q section Of that state where milk
was produced for market. The report
Of this study Is now published In De-
partment Bulletin 923, ""Unit Require
ments for Producing MIX in Vermont
While the figures obtained show the
requirements Of producing milk ID that
particular section, and may be approx
innate Of the requirements In similar
sections, the specialists point out that
they do not apply to dairy sections
where other conditions and methods Of
management prevail.
It was found that Sill pounds Of
concentrates were required to produce
100 pounds Of milk in winter, while to
produce the same amount in summer
only 81 pounds were necessary. Other
requirements for producing this
amount Of milk in winter were: Haul
ing and grinding concentrates, 2 cents ;
dry roughage, 1909 pounds; silage
and other succulent roughage, 1918
pounds; bedding, 11.2 pounds: nan
1phnr Of h0f1rS . hnruo 4 lohnr Oh n
hour |; other costs, $50 cents.
In summer the unit requirements
for producing 100 pounds Of milk other
than concentrates were: Hauling and
grinding concentrates, O.b Of a cent;
dry roughage, 1877 pounds; silage and
other succulent roughage, 27.8 pounds;
pasture. OIL Of an acre: man labor, 2
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
SIZES OF FRUIT CONTAINERS
Efforts Being Made to Fix Standards
Readily DistlnouIshable by
the Average Buyer.

The bureau of markets Of the United
States Department Of Agriculture, in
it's efforts to bring about standardized
ton Of shipping containers for fruits
and vegetables, is recommending
standard types for three Of the most
common types Of packages. These
are the hamper, the round stave bas-
ket, and the market basket.
These recommendations provide not
only standard sizes but standard d.
mansions, and it is the intention of
the department to fix standards which
will be readily distinguishable from
each other by the average buyer.
There r at present a great many
containers Of different sizes which are
so nearly the same in appearance that
they are a never-ending source Of
fraud.
BY a slight modification in construc-
ton it is possible to make q 28-quart
hamper which looks so nearly like a
full bushel hamper as to deceive the
purchaser, who is defrauded out Of
half q peck.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
RIGHT SPEED OF SEPARATOR
n Bowl Docs Not Travel at Proper
Speed inefficient Swimming viii
Be the Result.

The speed at which the cream sep
arator Is operated is q matter Of i'm
p~ortance. II the bowl does not travel
at the proper rate Of speed. inefficient
skimming will be the result. too much
butterfat being left in the skim milk.
Il decrease in the speed Of the ma
chine will cause q decrease In the fat
test Of the cream, while running the
machine too fast will cause an In
crease. Care should be taken to OPP
crate the separator at the speed des.
igRated BY the manufacturer. To be
sure that the machine IL being run at
the correct speed the revolutions OF
the crank should be timed BY a reli-
able Indicator or a watch.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

lists III 1919. Il consists III sprlnknng
fine crystals OF insecticide on the soil
around the base Of the infected tree
and covering with earth to hold the
gas. The substance Is highly volatile
and forms a gas when the soil Is be-
tween rs and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
This gas is FIVE times heavier than air
and sinks down through the soil. 1t
is highly effective against the borer;
and q pound Of the insecticide. cost
ing not more than Is cents, Is sufficient
for eight to ten trees. The labor is
scarcely one-third Of that formerly re-
quired. The saving therefore is great.
In 1920 the observation-disclosures
process was used extensively in the
Georgia peach belt, some localities
buying as high as $4,000 pounds and
large individual growers as high as
two tons each. Growers declare that
it Is one Of the greatest accomplish
ments In the history Of the depart
ment, comparable to the ~self-boiled
~lime-sulphur treatment for control of
brown rot and scab Of the peach.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
SMA&mN
IhQ6a@@@mgmf
IMPORTANCE OF GOOD ROADS
Most Towns Recognize Imperative
Need Of Improved Highways to
Secure Farm Trade.

The country town that has poor
roads radiating from It Is badly handi-
capped, just as the farmer is who has
to haul his products owe such roads.
Most towns recognize this and try to
get their share Of trade by making the
main thorOughfares navigable at all
times with tolerable loads. The town
that does not see the Importance of
good roads and the imperative need Of
making them passable to ordinary
traffic has need of the jolt that Is not
generally long delayed.
We sometimes hear the expression,
"a poor trading place." and instantly
we know the meaning Of 1t. We at
once know It refers to a town that has
fallen into a Rip Van Wrinkle sleep
and we are safe In assuming that such
a town lacks wideawake merchants
and the other necessary adjunct-good
roads.
When a farmer sells anything,
whether It be his weekly batch of
produce or q load Of hogs or one of
wheat or corn he naturally considers
the difficulties Of the haul. Other
things being equal, he chooses the
road with least hills; and If the road
Of least resistance has well graded
and dragged highways, the town that
Is handicapped with steep pulls and
poorly graded highways always is a
loser. It cannot be otherwise.
A cornbelt town exists, primarily,
by reason OF the farm trade. When
this reaches q volume that lines the
streets with farm teams any good day
except the busiest times of the year,
we can be reasonably certain that the
merchants and roads are both attrac-
tive. And the opposite can be inferred
when the streets are bare of farm
teams and cars.
Most towns recognize the value Of
good roads ID trade getters. Some
times the topography of the country
makes good roads and gentle grades
difficult. When this is the case, more
money IS anpso6ed to est ssSnltS And
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

exceeded the total cars registered in
the whole Of the United States in 1910.
Furthermore, the revenues derived
from registration in the state of New
York in 1920 were about equal to the
entire registration revenues of the
United States for 1913. IA
Z The use made Of revenues has
changed with the passing of years. In.
1905 the total registrations were ap-
proximately $4,000 cars, paying a gross
revenue Of about $4,000. (Arizona in
1920 paid approximately this amount.)
In 1905 the gross registration revenues
were equal to less than three-tenths Of
! per cent of the total rural road and
bridge expenditures for that year.
The registration ven in 1920
were equal to about rs per cent Of the
total rural road and bridge expendi-
lures for the calendar year 1919. In
1905 practically none Of the motor.
vehicle revenues was applied to road
maintenance Or construction, while In
1920 So per cent, or q total Of $97,997,.
10000. was used for this purpose. The
remaining 4 per cent not applied to
road work va expended very largely
for number plates and in carrying out
the provisions of the motor vehicle
registration laws in the several states.
OF the total amount applied to road
work 70 FER cent, or ST 1851, 5S2.57.
was expended under the control or
supervision of the several state high
way departments. ~.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

can usual1y be held ID check By the
dormant spray with l~ime-sulphur
wash. The treatment .is also effective
against the pear leaf blister mite,
which is universally present on pears,
and In many localities becomes a seri-
GUS apple pest. Some plant lice that
are destructive especially to young ap-
pie trees winter In the egg stage and
are destroyed by this treatment. One
thing that must be remembered in ap-
plying the dormant spray is that the
solution should cover every part Of the
tree or 1t will not be effective.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
FIGHTING PEACH TREE PEST
Para-D ichlorobsnxens Treatment AZ.
fords Means OF Kidding OF.
chards Of Harmful eorer.

The results Of what Is known as the
para-dich1orobenzene treatment for the
eradication Of the peach-tree borer
lead experts Of the United States De
partment OF Agriculture to believe that
! practical means has finally been
found Of Kidding orchards Of this dis
astrously destructive pest Previously
the only effective method Of fighting
the borer was by removing the soil
around the base Of the tree and dig
glng the grubs out d their galleries
with a knife. It Is estimated that the
borer had done $8,OOO,0O damage q
year and that $2.OOO.O0O q. year has
been spent n fighting them.
The para-dichlOrobenEene method
na&MaAASna *Shna
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
WHAT PROPER PRUNING DOES
Il Gives Mechanical Strength to Tree
and Facilitates War on Dis a.
eases and Pests.

Pruning facilitates orchard opera
lions by removing limbs that will
hinder cultivation, spraying and pick
ing.
It gives mechanical strength to the
plant by preventing the formation Of
weak crotches or a willowy growth.
It corrects poor habits Of growth.
It produces new wood, which will
be proportional in amount to the Sc
verify of the pruning done at this sea
son.
It induces f~ruitfulness,
It opens up the tree to sunlight and
cir which are all important factors in
the coloring Of fruit.
It facilitates the combating Of plant
diseases and insect pests. 1t is often
necessary to prune affected trees to
an open top in order that diseased
portions may be readily removed.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
HELP development OF CALF
To Keep Them Growing Rapidly Fur
nish Plenty Of Good Hay-t
Aids Digestive System.

The important thing is to keep the
calves growing as rapidly as possible
and to see that they are provided with
plenty Of good hay. This, more than
any other one feed, will help develop
the calf's digestive system and should,
therefore, be overlooked.
Even If the calf is on pasture it should
be given a chance to eat what hay
it will consume.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

resent an increase OF " per cent, on
1.645.S49 motorcars. This increase
alone lacks but 4 per cent Of being
equal to the total registrations Of the
United States six years ago.
In 1920 In the state Of New York
alone the number Of motorcars regis
tered, Including commercial vehicles.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16

New HanpshIFe, ZIG cows were sold
during y months. and their places
filed by more profitable animals, ac-
cording to q report made to the dairy
division. United States Department Of
Agriculture. This averages nearly 81
cows for each association. In these
New Hampshire associations some not
able Improvement In production Is re-
ported.
In six c~ow-testing associations In
that state, which have. been at work
for two years, 10 herds made an aver
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
DAIRY
INT
MILK RECORDS AID DAIRYMAN
Both Profitable and Practicable &c
Know for Certainty the Full
Value Of Cows. a'

prepared by the United States Depart
s ment Of Agriculture)
Reports coming to the United States
Department Of Agriculture often In
clude stories Of the surprises which
COW owners meet with when they start
keeping records Of their cows produc-
ton. For instance, in a Missouri cow-
testing association there was a man
who. when he entered the association,
did not appear to have a very good
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
COSTS ARE HIGHER
Expense Of Road Construction in 1920
Twice az Much az In 1917, +
According to Expert.

Every kind Of road cost about twice
as much to build In 1920 as 1t did in
1917, according to the chief Of the bu-
reau Of public roads, United States De-
partment Of agriculture. and highway
construction suffered more than any
other class Of work through railroad
congestion. strikes. labor truu'>Ia.; aud
material shortages.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
ORCHARD
GLEANINGS
SAVE GIRDLED APPLE TREES
Bridge Grating az Shown by tho Illus
tration Herewith Should
Be Done Early. -

Apple trees girdled by rabbits or
mice a be saved by bridge grating
as illustrated herewith. The work
should be done now as soon as posi-
BILE and before the leaves show. The
scions for bridging can be cut from
any convenient apple tree and the
ends where they are inserted protect
ed by grating wax, or the whole
banked up with earth so that every
wound will be covered and kept moist
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1921-06-16
NITROGEN is BIG ESSENTIAL
IL Lacking When Strawberry Plants
Grow Slowly and When Peaches
Show Poor Wood Growth.

When plant growth Is poor, as when
the new strawberry plants grow slow
~ and fail to send out vigorous run
ners, or when blackberries and rasp-
berries, otherwise healthy, fail to re-
new themselves by sending out new
suckers, or when peaches or apples
show poor wood growth, or when foil
age Is weak and poorly colored, there
Is a shortage Of available nitrogen.