davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
BACK YARD ORCHARDISTS
ARE URGED TO SPRAY
Negligence of Townspeople May Mean
Heavy Loss to Farmers

(W. S. Smith, Inspector, Phone 613)
The San Jose scale around Kenne-
wick can be eliminated if every prop
erty owner or any other person inter-
ested will do his part.
The winter of 1919-1920 reduced the
scale very materially and by a united
effort of people having fruit trees and
a liberal use of degree Beaume lime
sulphur this spring we can save thous-
ands of dollars to Kennewick ranch
ers.
The fact that a person has only one
fruit tree in his yard may seem a
small matter to the individual but
this same one tree if infested with the
scale can reinfest many otherwise
clean trees and may spread to nearby
orchards. It behooyes every person
who has the welfare of Kennewick at
heart to do all in his power to stamp
out this pest and this means get busy
yourself or notify the horticultural
inspector.
In case party refuses to comply
with notices to spray a state law is In
effect that takes care of these people,
A sprayer will be available to take
care of city property. Arrange with
the local Inspector for your spraying
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
IRRIGATION TO
START APRIL 1ST
Manager Fred Pyle Says Canal
System Will be Ready
Water is in Now

Manager Fred Pyle, of the Colum-
bia Irrigation district, announced to-
day that everything will be in readi-
ness for the delivery of irrigation wat
er over the entire system, April 1. I
Water was turned into the main ca
nal March IL and reached waste-gate
No. 4, three miles west of the city,
March ID. 1t was turned out at waste
gates No. 2 and 8 for several days:
1t is the intention to have the water
through the entire system by March
25 when it will be turned out for a
few days while the bottom is thor
oughly inspected and to permit worked
over sections to settle.
At the beginning of the delivery
season every headgate will be closed
and those desiring water should in
form the ditch patrolmen as to their
needs. Mr.. Pyle urges the farmers to
hold the water down to their actual
needs, as water wasted into the soil
not only teaches out the soil but in
creases seepage and aggravates drain
ing conditions which may develop into
a very serious problem before fall
In fact, Mr.. Pyle says, the most SER
ious problem of the future is to keep
the water table down.
Every effort should be made by the
farmers to clear out the gophers
Each year the district spends con-
siderable of the farmers money ir
trapping gophers and repairing breaks
caused by them. In some localities
the farmers by persistent effort have
practically eliminated the gophers, but
in many places while few are caught
no determined effort is made for theil
complete eradication. The farm boy
who receives bounty can be made
an important factor in ridding thu
county of this pest.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17

Mrs. M. j. Genson's birthday anni-
versary was the occasion for a very
delightful gathering Of friends at the
home of Mrs. G. CARRIER, Friday af-
ternoon. Mrs. Censor was the reci-
pient of a number of charming gifts
given with many good wishes. Spring
flowers were attractively used in dec
Grating the rooms and big birthday
cake with candles was pleasing fea-
ture of the refreshments. Besides the
hostess and the guest of honor those
present were, Mrs. S. M. Henderson,
Mrs. E. R. Carnahan, Mrs. E. M. Sly,
Mrs. C. E. Tripp, Mrs. F. S. Glenn
ent, Mrs. H. E. Huntington, Mrs. c.
A. Doan, Mrs. B. King, Mrs. 81. w.
Nelson, Mrs. j. B. Thomas and Mrs,
A. w. Graham.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
PACKWOOD co.
. TO START WELL
Newly Organized Company will
/ Offer no Stock for Sale
Hope to Start May 1

w. H. Mather, manager of the new
ly organized Packwood Land Develop
ment company, announced today that
the company has definitely decided to
drill a well six miles southwest of
Kennewick. The company is fully fl
nanced and no stock will be offered
for sale. Negotiations are now under
way for the purchase of drilling out
fit which will be operated by H. l..
Leckliter, of this city, who has had
years of experience as driller. The
well will be located on a section of
land which the company recently pur-
chased. 1t is expected that operations
will start May /.
"We are going to drill for gas, oil,
or water" said Mr.. Mather. "Geolo-
gists tell us that our land is located on
a well defined oil structure. 1t was
our first intention to put down test
hole with a diamond drill. We have
given up that idea and will sink real
well to depth Of from 1000 to 1,500
feet. If we strike gas in that depth
or have worth while showings of gas
or oil we shall go deeper. If, however,
we have neither gas or oil showings
but water we shall develop our hold
ings as an agricultural project as all
of our section is high grade plow land
and ideally located for successful ir-
rigation."
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
ON THE MOVE

The past week was busy one for
movers in Section Seven. Mr.. and
Mrs. Scott moved onto the Lee M.
Lampson place, Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard
of LeGrand, Oregon, have bought the
C. C. Harlan place and the c. R. Linn
family, who lived on the Harlan place
moved to a house on the hill above
lateral one. Mr.. and Mrs. f. E. Wat
ers have traded for the S. S. Russell
place and moved in Monday. Mr.. and
Mrs. p. Heeley of Deed Park, have
purchased the w. A. Gordon place. The
Gordons moved to town.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
SLIGHT CUT in
FERRY CHARGES
New Owner of Kennewick- -Pasco
Ferry Agrees to Make Re-
ductions in Rates

With the purchase Of the Kenne-
wick-Pasco ferry from Jas. Gavin by
Ray Rosencrans lower rates are in
prospect. The new owner took charge
of the ferry March 1 and has been op-
Grating it with Chas. Mills in charge
At a conference here Wednesday
between Mr.. Rosencrans, Commission
er Pratt, of this county, and Com
missioner Jenson, of Franklin, tenta-
tive schedule of new rates was agreed
upon. The charge will be fixed at
$1.00 and upon request the driver will
be given ticket which if presented
within 24>hours will entitle him to a
free peturn trip. This means that for
ths/ most part local traffic will be
handled at SO cents per crossing per
car. A coupon book containing tickets
for 25 crossings will be sold for $40
Each book will be good for only 80
days from the date it is issued. The
charge for trucks, based on tonnage,
will be slightly lower than the present
charges.
Commissioners Pratt and Jenson
will report to their respective boards
at the next regular meetings and rec
ommend that Mr.. Rosencrans be
granted a license and the tentative
schedule of rates be adopted.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
POST OFFICE BOX RENT
GOES UP APRIL FIRST
Increase in Quarterly Rentals is Au.
thorized by Third Asst. Postmas-
ter General

Beginning April first the rental fee
for postoffice boxes will be increased
from Is cents to 25 cents per quarter
based upon the size of the box.
Box rents are based upon the class
of the post office and for some time
the local office has ben entitled to
higher rentals. The increased rates
are authorized by the third assistant
postmaster general in an order issued
under date of March 8.
The new schedule advances the
quarterly rental of small boxes from
45 to 60 cents; medium from go to
rs; large from rs to s1.00; and extra
large to $500.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
MISSIONARY MEETING

The Woman's Missionary society of
the Congregational church enjoyed a
pleasant afternoon last Thursday at
the home of Mrs. A. C. Hart. A short
business session was held after which
a program was given under the direc-
tion of Mrs. R. H. Holcombe. Medical
work in Africa was discussed. Mrs.
E. L. Ely gave an interesting resume
of the work of DR.. Lynch, medical mis-
sionary, who attended the recent Bap-
tist conference in. Kennewick. Re-
freshments were served at the close
of the meeting. =.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
MORE BRIDGE STOCK

through the efforts of three spec
iai committees Kennewick's total sub
scrlption to the Kennewick-Pasco
bridge stock was put over the $4,000
mark in few hours yesterday after
moon. AT meeting in Pasco yester-
uay 1t was decided to carry the cam
paign to Portland and Tacoma. Seat
ue mas virtually guaranteed $4,000
"hile spokane's total will not exceed
fS0'ooo. This leaves about $4,000 to
be raised.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
SELL NEW SPRAY

Elbert Mouda has taken the egency
for the distribution Of Jonson's Eu-
reka Combination Spray for the entire
Columbia River valley. Mr.. Jonson,
the originator of the spray, spoke to a
large number of fruit growers at the
Pennington warehouse Saturday after
noon. The uses of the spray will be
further explained at a meeting at the
Valley club house Saturday evening of
this week.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
SHIP APPLES

Pennington & Company are loading
out five cars of Winesaps this week
which are intended for expectation to
England. Local Manager E. Mouda
reports that returns have just been re-
ceived on one car of extra fancy Wine
saps and five cars of Sitter c Grade.
The extra fancies brought S2.45 f. o.
b. Kennewick and the c. Grade $1.68
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
ODD FELLOWS COMING

The /. o. o. F. district convention
will be held in this city Saturday af-
ternoon and evening of this week. Del
egates from the Odd Fellow lodges of
Pasco, !Connell, Alfalfa, Richland and
Kennewick will be in attendance. In
the evening visiting delegates will be
the guests of the local lodge at a
dinner to be served by the Kenne.
wick Rebekahs.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
HIGHLANDS DANCE

The Kennewick Highlands Improve
ment club will entertain Saturday ev-
ening with another of their popular
dancing parties. The committee in
charge is w. L. Craver, E. II. Mann
and VIM. Krautwurm. There will be
good music, and something to eat
This series Of entertainments is being
given for the purpose of raising funds
to build an addition to the club house
this summer.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
SCHOOL PUPILS
PLAY AT COURT
Trial of Civil Case Furnishes In.
teresting Diversion for High
Students

Wednesday afternoon the CONNER
cial class finished the trial conducted
by members of that class. The jury
was selected last Wednesday. Those
on the jury were, Winnifred Hunting
ton, Edna Keene, Dorothy Bowles,
Ruth Dickinson, Eugene Hawkins,
jeanette Huntington, Matt Witt,
Vance Holcomb, Troy Bockstruck, Ro-
land Speigelberg, Miss Newton. The
case, as represented was Hausken VS..
Haudson & Feenaughty Co. Mable
Shivers was Miss Hausken and Mark
hus Smith was Mr.. Hausken, her
brother. Richard Briggs was also a
witness, while. Philip Hitchcock was
attorney for the plaintiff. Marion
Masters was attorney for the defend
ant and Mable Moffet, Clyde Higly
and Orion Willsey were witnesses.
James Craver was the judge and Bev-
erly Yost the bailiff. The Haudson &
Feenaughty Co. had sold tractor to
llc x1duShCh DIOOlCI anu oiolCI " OS
used on their farm in Horse Heaven.
The tractor never gave satisfactory
results and at the end of two years the
Hausken family claimed damages and
also $500, the price of the tractor, the
total amount being $1,000. After a
heated conflict the jury agreed that
the Haudson & Feenaughty Co. should
pay the Hausken family $500.
This was very good practice for
both the commercial law class and the
school pupils giving them good in
sight into court proceedings. Mr.
Guerratoz lead the trial and showed a
good knowledge of law and court life
More effort is being made in school
studies to present before them the
things they study about and in conse-
quence many of the classes are work.
ing on things which will show the
progress in their work.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
MAUNDY THURSDAY

Maundy Thursday, March "a, will be
observed with the usual ceremonies
at the Masonic hall by the Knights OF
the Rose Croix. The ceremonies will
be in the evening and all Masons OF
this degree are expected to be present.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17

The next regular meeting of the
Business Girls club will be the semi
annual election of officers. All the
members are urged to be present at
this meeting. The club is for the pres
ent holding its meetings in the rest
room of the new telephone office.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
BRIDGE OPEN SOON

With the exception of few finish
ing touches work on the concrete
bridge across the canal at Second
street will be finished this week. The
main driveway of the bridge will be
opened to traffic by the middle of next
week. T.,
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17
STOP FOR LUNCH

The O.-W. R. & N. passenger trains
which meet here at 1910 are now held
here 20 minutes, or until 1880 for
lunch. This new schedule went into
effect yesterday.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17

The Bridge club will meet Wednes-
day afternoon, March % at the home
of Mrs. J. d. Yost, on the Highlands.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17

Mrs. S. R. Harper suffered a painful
injury Wednesday when she fell and
broke her left arm near the shoulder.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1921-03-17

The French club held its regular
meeting Tuesday and adopted the
name, "Les Bons Eleves." The pro-
gram consisted of quotations, follow
ed by playlet by the first year class.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
FOOLISH JEST SENDS
FRIGHTENED LAD TO
HIS DEATH IN STREAM

EUGENE. Ore. July 25.-A
tbreo-day search for 7.year.old
George Emerson Miller. con OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Miller OF
near this city, was concluded
Sunday afternoon at o'clock
when his BODY was recovered
from the swiftflowing Mckenzie
river at BcIknnp springn He
disappeared from Bclknap Springs
Friday afternoon and a party Of
100 campers had been searching
night and day for the lad In that
mountainous region.
IL In thought that the lad be.
came frightened when a camper
piayfuily told him that he was
going 20 cut off his ears. az he
disappeared soon aftea At 2
o'clock Sunday he came out OF
the forest two miles up stream
from the springs and. seeing a
fisherman on the opposite shore.
franticaiiy rolled up his trousers
despite vigorous warning from
the man across the turbulent
stream and wnded 10 his dea tn.
He WINS crazed with Joy 10 zee a
human being. according TO the
man who helpieasly witnessed the
tragedy.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
TACOMA CHEERS
WALLACE HOME
Former U. S. Ambassador
TO France Gets Welcome

TACOMA. July 80. Hugh NJ. Wal.
iace. one OF Tacoma's famous sons.
is back home today, after having
been absent for four years In the en-.
pacity OF Ambassador to France
under the second Wilson admins
tr,tion.
MIR. and Mrs. Wallace were ac-
corded a welcome at tho union stu.
ton last night that many n notable
would have envied. Hundreds OF the
former ambassadors townsfolls
turned out TO greet him. Bishop
Koator officially welcomed him home
IN speech that expressed the
thanks Of Tacoma for the fame
brought TO the city by Mr.. Wallace.
Wallace discussed European mat
tors with some freedom. but refused
to pass nm opinion on the league OF
nations and its operation
An official welcome win be ex.
tended 10 Wallace "Wednesday at the
Commercial Club.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
MORE AIRPLANE
DOPE IS FOUND
Opium Taken in Raid on
Hotel Room

Pursuing further fAeir investigar
ton OF an alleged smuggling gang
that In believed TO have been bring
ing dope into the United States from
Canada by airpiane. federal narcotic
agents Saturday night found $1,000
worth Of smoking opium In a hotel
room In which two men werS ax.
rested last Friday.
Eddie Neal. one Of the three sus-
poets. was being questioned Monday.
His hearing Is set for Thursday
morning.
George wineholt was held for fed
eral grand jury on $4,000 ball at final
hearing Monday morning. c. D.
winehoit is stu at liberty on his
personal coenizsnce.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
EVERETT GIRL
RETURNS HOME
Three Youths Arrested on
Her Accusation

With the return OF Miss Lillian
Westlake. IL. to her home In Everett,
Saturday night. charges Of grand lar
ceny preferred against her by J. Petit.
viei. liveryman Of Everett. probably
win be dropped.
Three Everett youths. Lester Bel.
lew. Is: John Pohrnberry. %. and
Thomas w. Wolfe. 10. are being held
In the county jail In Everett and
probably will be charged with con.
tributing 10 the delinquency Of q
minor
Miss wcstiake disappeared Thurs;
day afternoon after hiring a HORSE
from pettvtei. When she failed to re
turn the horse. Pettviei swore out a
warrant charging her with grand lar
ccny. She IL q daughter OF Mr.. and
Mrs. T.. w. Wcstlake. Of 3i25 Morton
ave. Everett.
The girl was fo1nd In Seattle late
Thursday night at Fourth ave. and
Virginia Vt. by q. A. Mundorf. soi
Van siclen apartments. wandering
about the streets. She was returned
u Everett. where she told her story
to- Chief Deputy Prosecuting Attor
ncy Y. A. Kaume OF Snohomish coun
~. The arrest OF three youths fol
lowed.
Miss westiake Is held by juvenile
authorities for investigation
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
HAVOC WROUGHT
THRUOUT EUROPE

LONDON, July %. - All Europe
burned today In a drought which
brought with n forest fires. crop
shortages and the threat Of plaguea
Huge fires swept thru forests in
northern Britain. Cutting lo-mile
swath. one great fire In Aberdeen
shire not only destroyed the woods
but threatened many famous estatea
There is fear that the harvest this
year win fall far below the avcrAge-
Wheat suffered especially. In only
a few sections were there Iighs raina.
not sufficient to have any effect on
the general situation.
Holland also suffered from forest
fires. breaking out almost daily IN
tindery woods. Conf1agrntions ragged
today In the provinces Of breathe
and LimburE In Amersfort hum
dreds Of men were called to fight q
fire covering 1000 acres. All crops
were threatened.
German scientists were expert
menting with dry farming but with
little hope OF bcnefiting the present
crop.
Sweden suffered with Germany.
Russia was regarded n . dang9r
spot Her great fields were biistersd
Epidemics Of cholera and typhus
were breaking out SPANS cropD
wtted In the fields
Italy also was . victim Of f0root
fires. brought on BY tho drought
One such fire started near Trieste
when a powder house blew up. scAt-
tering flames among dry underbrush.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
Officer, Charged by
Mrs. Bergdoll, Aided

WASHINGTON. July 25.-Major
Bruce Il. Campbell. charged by Mrs.
Emma BergdoIi with accepting a
So. 900 bribe from her 10 fix higher
ups 80 that Grover c. Bergdoll
might be released. scored a point In
his defense today.
His father. William r. Campbell.
Lexington. KY. tobacco hogshead
manufacturer. corroborated the story
OF his son az 10 where he obtained
the $4,000 which he deposited with
New York brokers about the time
Mrs. Bcrgdoll says she gave Grover
IS. 900 for Campbell.
The father testified that the son
had. In his presence. deposited $4,000
with Col. Milton Young. Lexington
race horse king, for speculative pur.
poses.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
URGE NEWS OF
IRELAND PEACE
House OF Commons Wants
to Hear OF Plans
ny LLOYD ALLEN

LONDON, July 25.-~s3ecrecy Of the
Irish peace negotiations was threat.
ened today.
Influential members OF the house
Of commons planned TO force Premier
Lloyd George TO give them details Of
the offer which president" De Va,
lera 10 now submitting TO Sim Fcin
leaders In Dublin. Commons was &C
tuatod by several motives.
Chief OF these was a nervousness
over tho nature Of the guarantees 10
Ulster. Another strong native was
commons desire to take an active
part In the history making confer.
cnces
The house has played a leading
role In the coal strike negotiations
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
UNCLE IS MAKING
TOO MUCH COIN ON
HIS POSTAL BANK

"The government must stop
profiteerfng"
That's what Postmaster Gen.
eril Will Hays says after seeing
the annual report on postal saw.
ings.
Uncle Sam cleared 81. 72o. 900 last
year on postal savings.
Hays recommends raising the
interest on deposits from . to 3
per cent. so the extra money will
90 TO the depositorsL
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
BOY AND GIRL
ROMANCE ENDS

William fngiis. II. VINO says his
father IL Col william A. Inslis. now
serving an major al Camp Lewis.
and former candidate for the senate,
had his romance wrecked Sunday
night when taken from q Seattle.
bound train at Prosscr with a girl.
II. who stated that the folks ct
homo didn't understand her.
Monrovn Lowe declared che was
unhappy st home. 30 decided to 30
with -Bili."
Tho couple had started from wal
In Waiia.
They wcrc waiting Monday In
Prosser for the arrival OF the girls
parents.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
Report Wild Woman
in Riverton Wood

An insane woman. running wildly
thru the woods near the sanitarium
at Riverton. was reported Monday
morning TO be alarming residents OF
tho Iuverton district According to
the report she has been living sew
erai days on blackherics and runs
away frightened when approached
by the residents. Deputies were
sent out Monday morning to search
the woods.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25

All Sing. 81. was arrested Satur.
day night. after Patroln,en l. J.
Forbes and y. r. Coveii had raidcd
his house at 200 Third are. .. Sing
is charged with conducting lottery
game Three other Chinese--Ah
Look. -. All Sec. -. and An Sin.
s4---were arrested and charged with
being in a place where gambling was
conducted. A large amount OF lot
terry tickets were seized "Ah Manr'
sighed the prisoners when taken TO
the calaboose.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
$1,000 Stop Watch of
Marcus Daily Found

HoQUIAM. July s5. - The $4,000
stop watch OF the late Marcus Daily.
recently reported pawncd in Butte,
Mont. now rests safely In the de.
post vault OF Pat O'Brien. landscape
gardener. O'Brien said he received
the watch from Dave Evans. brother
OF Mrs Marcus Daily. and that he
pawned II for $50 80 that thugs could
not steal IL.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25

proposal from the girls mother.
Graves alleges, that the cere-
nlony he performed.
Il always loved Ruth" says
her 7s-year-old husband. ''in =
fathcrly way. and still do. ID
Is her mother now who Is caus-
ing the trouble between u.s."
Graves holds that he married
Ruth because. being deaf and
dumb, she needed protection
and because he WAS unuttarahly
lonely.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1921-07-25
Mrs. E. de Witt, Once
Seattle Girl, Il Dead

YAKIMA. July es.--Mrs. Ebl do
Witt formerly OF Seattle. died here
at a m. yesterday as = result Of .
sudden attack OF pneumonia She
had been III four days.
Mrs De With was formerly Mis-
Marjorie Carter. . popular Seattle
society girl The news OF her death
came A. . sudden shock 10 her many
friends hcra she was married at
her home here five years ago. Her
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. NJ J. Carter.
now reside In Benton City. Wash.