davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18
By Frank ri. Simonds
WASHINGTON, December /

WASHINGTON, December IT.
- 0ES the new Treaty of Wash
ington, the first clear and
unmistakable achievement Of
the conference, point the
way to q new international idea9 Have
We 1ouNd here along the banks Of the
Fotonac that remedy against war
1lsich was not discoverable on the
quays of the Seine three years ago?
Waat, after ALL in the terms Of
world still uasMi issakably i'll and need
Ing relief, is the meaning OF this first
compact, which already in many quar-
ters has been named the Harding Doc
trine and declared TO be. destined to
lake its place beside that other Mon
roe Doctrine as one Of the founda-
cians Of American foreign policy?
At the outset, in eadeavoring to
answer the questions which have been
most frequently asked since the notable
session of Saturday, December 10, it
IS essential to retain our perspective
and our historical sense Of things. To
begin at the beginning, the agreement
made public at the third plenary ses-
sion of the conference does not repre-
sent discovery, but rather the ap-
plication OF method which proved
conspicuously successful in the years
before the World War i'll solving the
difficulties which had threatened the
relations of France and Britain.
Before 1904 Britain and France had
been over a long series OF years en-
Filtered by auarrels precipitated by
the energy of their colonial agents
and clash of their colonial aspirations.
Siam, West Africa, Morocco, but above
all Fashoda. had disturbed the peace
and the pleasant relations existing be~
; tween the two nations, which are
divided only by the narrow Straits of
Dover. The press OF the world had
begun to talk of yet another Anglo
French war
Instead, in 1864 we had a general
agreement covering whele variety of
matters at issue-zan entente which
etAfvhHeSo, III iefS&, W titc icCVSHltleH
on the part OF each of the countries
concerned of certain vital interests of;
the other and further agreement on
the part of each to sacrifice material
clainfs and Interests to the cause of
peace and good relations.
sssio-Frcach Entente
Once Prevented War
Thus was constructed that Anglo
French entente which became within a
brief time one Of the most important
Factors in European history, and dec
s.Je after it was arranged saved Europe
from the German assault The entente
vas never an alliance. 1t was not in
any sense the commitment of Great
Britain to defend France or France to
defend Great Britain. 1t was in real
lty the agreement between France and
Great Britain that each would refrain
from attacking the other, and it was
accompanied By q settlement OF many
causes OF auarrels which had made at
racks seem possible.
Now, in the larger sense, it seems to
lae that the, Washington agreement,
affecting, to be sure, only the islands
OF the Pacific, must be regarded as a
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

's part OF 3 growing CAMPAIGN in
France to link the republic closer with
its alien pxotectoratcs and colonies
france governs 100000 Of the
lsiam,c faith IN northern Africa. An
other thought is expressed by Pierre
Gcdin. OF the Municipal Council Of
Farls, who says that it is Frances DUTY
70 increase her interest in the East in
order to prevent return Of Germsnv,s
Eastern power.
"Our civilization holds out fratarna
arms toward Islam,' says Godin. eve
arc persuaded that the sanest and most
origlnal M4Aometan ideas will bloom
under the influence Of French thouebt
ana that feclprocaily our own develop
mens Will Nnd graf facilities in lslamic
sympathy Already the Mussulmsn
friendship which France has sought
has given proof OF its power. We can
not Forget that from 1914 to 1918
two hundred Thousand African aiussul-
mans armed them selves for the defense
OF friendly civilization and that twenty
ilve Thousand of them sleep forever in
Flanders aeeds.
10 all the Mussulmsns whom peace
has made our subjects or our chill
dien, and TO those who have sacrificed
themselves in the war, we owe more
than verbal thanks. Our government
must associate more closely than ever
their Interests With ours and for our
selves as well as Tor them, France
must be intelligently liberal and ex-
tend her maternal protection"
Godin believes that Paris has hon
ored itself By presenting Islam a home
in Fsanee's national capital,
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18


two primary aims Of the coun
Gil fulfilled:
A treaty designed to insure peace
in the Pacihc-the Horsepower treaty
terminating the Angle-Japanese alli-
ance and embodying an agreement OF
these nations TO respect their rights
in relation to their insular posses
sions and insular dominion in the
region of the Pacific Ocean, -
An agreement to limit naval anna
ment-the acceptance by the Big
Three Of the 5-5-3 ratio, whereby
1,775,O00 tons Of warships will be
scrapped by the United States, Brit
ain and Japan and $100,OO0,o0O saved
by the United States Treasury alone
during the period Of the holiday.
Besides, there have heen important
agreements as to China:
The acceptance by the nine ma
tions Of general principles to be fol-
lowed toward China as follows: (a)
TO respect the sovereignty, indepen-
dence and territorial and admins
trative integrity Of China; (b) to
give China every opportunity to de-
Velop and maintain for herself an
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

the Pacific, and the lesson is no...
taxable. On the enc hand =
OF nations mutually agree with eass
other against attack. guarantee .ha:-
possessions against challenge. On a.
other each nation belonging rive. 49,
mistakablc evidence of lis oyn
faith. guarantees lis associate -.
against an outside foe, visible -
unmistakeablc, but against injury eo,o
Ing from itself And because The
guarantees are unquestionable. becaus.
the good faith OF the euaran,or i.
accepted, the association is formed
This means, if il means anvtb,ns
1t would seem to me, that the creation
of an association Of nations can follov.
only the creation Of relations he
tween nations which will eliminate Tho
possibility Of wal. In other words
when two nations or more than tvo
nations are agreed that the existing
situation is tolerablc and that taec
are willing to accept il as permaneu;
rather than run the risks Of war
then you have two eligible members
of an association Of nations and tn,
nucleus of such an association.
The League OF Nations rested upon
the assumption that if you made Ger
tain nations keep the peace now. one
day they would change their habits and
keep the same peace voluntarily, but in
practice this has not proved the case.
The principle which underlies the
whole conception OF the association OF
nations that has been formed in
Washington is that there shall be
no force, no coercion, no restraint
10 combination Of four powers
against three or two against one.
no guarantees OF territory against out
side attack, but that it rests upon
common acceptance of existing cond-
tions by all concerned.
know that it viii seem out OF tie
question that this method OF assoeia-
ton can be applied successfully 50 Eu-
rope, that European nations can bring
themselves to agree as between one an
other upon a modus vivendi which will
be mutually acceptable, yet it seems
TO me that if such method be not ap-
piled, and applied promptly, perhaps
under the lash Of economic necessity.
the consequence viii be disastrous in
/, =. l
progressed, no other method is discoy-
cradle. for, in the last analysis, the
method OF Washington is not only the
method OF the Anglo-French Entente,
but underlay all the efforts represented
in the Hague experiments which pre-
ceded the World War.
The Hague experiment broke down in
the end, but it broke down because the
nations concerned were not willing to
subordinate rival ambitions to a COM
mon desire for peace. The Washington
association will break down the same
way if 3 similar spirit develops but T.
Anglo-French Entente succeeded be-
cause it had its foundation in an cqua
desire on both sides to avoid war and
to observe good faith. and the best rea
son for forecasting success for the four
party agreement IS that TO one csn
discover any reason to challenge the
good faith of any participant
Copyright, 1921. by the Mcclure News
paper Syndcato)
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18
1904 Anglo-French Agreement
Proved Wisdom of the POLICY
League of Nations Failed Because 1t Amounted II
Alliance Against Former Enemies Instead
Of Considering Their Interests

for desiring not only q new conference
at which economic if not political
problems Of the world may be dis
cussed, but some association of ma
tions which will make cooperation in
world reconstruction possible. 1t is
clear that the League of Nations as it
is at present constituted cannot be the
meeting place of such a conference,
for at least ono great power, whose
presence is vital TO the discussion of
all economic Issues, il rot n member
and cannot be q member in time.
But it is hardly less clear that no
world organization can undertake TO
preserve peace as between France and
Germany, Italy and Jugo-S -Slavia, Poland
and Russia. World peace must in the
long run be predicated upon the ex-
istencc of such an effective desire for
peace between each set of rivals that
they are prepared to join in voluntary
membership in world organization
having mutually recognized as perma-
nent and beyond challenge the terri
torial condition and the political III
stitutions of the other
So far as existing Anglo French
rivalries are directly concerned, France
and Britain could sign a new entente
to-day. The same is true of France and
Italy, of the United States and all three
and Japan as we'll. If there were any
way of bringing France and Germany
to a similar recognition of the existing
situation or Of some compromise stu
alton, we might have new conference
without delay and a new association
of nations without long postponement
The trouble is that no one has yet
mise.
Conceivably such compromise
might be found in a new economic con-
ference such as is now being generally
discussed. Certainly the experiment
will have to be tried before long if
a general economic collapse on the con-
tlnent of Europe is to be avoided. But
what must be appreciated now in this
country If later disappointments are
to be avoided is that the truth about
tho Washington conference is not that
there has been discovered in it a new
international method to preserve peace,
or that a new form of world associa-
tion has been hit upon and applied to
Pacific powers, but that it may now be
expanded to European powers.
Washington Conference
Has Proved Possibilities
What has been disclosed IN Wash
ington is that an understanding be-
tween nations who desire to keep the
worlds peace is not only possible but
can be arrived at with relatively little
difficulty. and that this is precisely as
far as any one can yet see the way
clear for world association. When
Europe thinks of the League OF Ma
tlehs it thinks Of some thing which
was the legal and the logical heir to
the alliance which defeated Germany
in the World War 1t is still, in theory
at least, the guarantor of the military
and territorial terms of the Treaty of
Versailles. Germany is not a men,
Der, nor does she accept the decisions
which the league represents.
Contrast this with our far more
modest association Of the powers of
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

Pacific Pact Seen as Key
To Association of Nations
Simoads Says Spirit and Principles of Four-Power
agreement Form Basis for World Political
and Economic Conference

real and perhaps conscious imitation
of the Anglo,Frsnch entente, not as it
developed between 1904 and 1914 hut
as it was conceived and created in
1904. Two great nations We're then
drifting patiently and rapidly toward
a war which was abhorfent olike te the
statesmen and to the people of each.
Something had to be done. and done
quickly, if war were to be avoided.
What was done was the formation Of
the famous Entente.
Ii one look at the American j apanese
situation which has in recent years
been developing in the Pacific it is
plain that, while the real Quarrels have
been few and the situation has never
remotely suggested the tension existing
between France and Great Britain half
a generation ago, none the less there
has been 8 constantly growing danger
OF collision, seen by an ever increasing
number of statesmen and pub!icists.
Moreover, If collision were to result
it was plain from the beginning that
neither Great Britain nor France, since
both had great interests in the Pacific,
could escape ENHANCEMENT.
Actually then the four-party treaty
which has been made by the present
conference has its historical antece-
dents in the Anglo-Fpeneh entente Of
1904. More than this, it is designed to
cover situation which differed only
IN degrees from that which followed the
collision of Kitchener and Marehand in
Feshoda. Happily, in the relations Of
the United States and Japan we have
had nothing suggesting the temporary
bad feeling which existed in the case
of Great Britain and France,
Common Danger Later
Brought Real Alliance
But at bottom the facts are the same.
The British people did not desire to
fight the French, the French had no
wish to fight the British. Tive civilized
nations, pereeiving that despite their
almest unanimous will for peace war
S'as becoming imminent, sat down at a
green table and proceeded to eliminate.
point by point, all the possible causes
OF war OF even Of hard feelings. When
this was done we had ten years during
which Anglo-Freneh relations were
upon 8 ssnes and iriendlier basis than
ever in the history Of the two nations.
After that a common danger brought
a real alliance.
Now, with the British and the French
present, the Japanese and ourselves
have sat down together in conference
and have reached an agreement upon
the matter of the Pacific islands which
removes all possibility Of war arising
from clash of interests in this area.
We have also looked over the problem
OF possible naval competition and are
sure to reach an agreement and TO dis
pose of this further cause for mis-
understanding. Even in the matter OF
china agreement as between the
United States and Japan seems as
sured, at least to the extent which will
remove the danger that Chinese prob
lens can provoke an Alnerican-Jap-
anese conflict.
Since al the progress has been made
in the relations of Japan and the
United States. recognizing that Britain
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18
Paris Will Build a Mosque
For Its Mussutman Formulation

LsaI+e AID the knigAts OF chivalry Of
the middle ages WHO followed Pete.
the aefmit and Urban the Pope against
the invading iniideis in Spain, who
rode t.lsce deep in their own blood be-
h4Ad the Gross against the saracens
~ Jerusalem, eyos drear that the
year OF our Lord 1921 would find con-
templated g Mussulman mosque in
Pails, the very base of ancient crusad-
ing zeal. The ancient warriors who
struggled more than five hundred years
from the eighth to the thirteenth GEN.
tury against the rising Mahometan
world to save what remained of the
great Roman Empire would probably
futtcr i'll their dusty tombs to learn
to-day that there is movement on in
Paris to extend special courtcsies To-
the Mussulman races
The City OF Paris. famed for it's hos
pitality and probably having heard C.
him of the l9addy countenance in
New York, the mighty cahph of the
Western World is to construct The
Mussulman institution here that those
Of that creed may feel at home" in
the French capital.
A mosque and hammam, the latter
an establishment especially dnpted to
the corporal needs and purifying ablr,
tons OF the Mussulmans, soon will be
erected. The institution viii include
balls decorated according to Mussul-
man tastes. lecture rooms and
library. 1t will be the Partisan center
OF Manometan students, men OF let
sers, scientists, politicians, officials
and travellers.
The new move of ''political courtesy.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

sible, because it is clear that unless
some method to provide association be
found we shall have an economic and
perhaps a political disaster hardly
paralfeled in Europe since the collapse
OF Roman civilization. But what it is
necessary to perceive is that there are
certain truths as to association of ma
items which the experiment of the
Treaty Of Versailles makes unmistaS-
able.
IlNs no association seems possible
except as these nations which enter
are prepared to accept in good faith
the existing situation in the world so
far as they are mutually concerned.
To go back to the case of the Entente
of 1904, France and Britain had been
quarrelipg for q generation all over
the world shout frontiers and spheres
eli interest, but after they had drawn
ane accepted compromise lines we had
full decade without a single serious
discussion.
Again, no association is possible
which has for its main or for one of
It's chief duties the maintenance of
some status quo against the will of a
nation not belonging to the assoeia-
ton. Such an association is in fact
nothing more or less than an out
right alliance. 1t is a combination Of
powers against an outside party,
whether the thing that it seeks to
maintain is just or unjust. If it is
weak it will be attacked; il it is strone.
1t must preserve it's strength against
possible attack.
Is there any chance of success for
any conference or any application of
the conference idea in the existing sit
uation in Europe? Again the fact is
clear, it Europe cannot. come to terms
with itself, its doom is sealed. But
no conference can succeed if only
portion OF the great powers are rep
resented, II for example France, BRIT
ain and Italy are present and Germany
absent, or il at the conference de-
cisions are reached which are bound
to be challenged by any strong Rus
s1a winch may eventually arrive,
The League of Nations has failed. in
so Tar as it has failed, because it un-
dertooA to defend and preserve con-
ditions which could only be preserved
py force. The Anglo French Entente
OF 1904 succeeded and expanded be-
cause 1T Was preceded by generar
liquidation Oh outstanding causes of
dispute between the parties at interest.
The Treaty of Washington and the
ASSOCIATION Of four nations which
1t has provided, as we'll as the asso-
citation of nine nations which seems
assured by a treaty which is still to
take definite form, seem destined to sue
ceed because they are founded upon a
Tree will recognition on the part OF
all concerned of things as they exist
IN the Pacific at the present hour.
Every World Power Wants
Association of Natious
1t is plain that every great power in
the world, and each small nation as
we'll. has the most Impressive reasons
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

and France are participating in the
compact, the first American question
must naturally be: Why net try this
conference and entente method in the
case Of those European differences
which to-day prevent economic and
political peace and reconstruction in
the world? Have we not found the key
to the whole situation? And at the
same time We hear on other sides the
assertion that what has been created
IN the Pacific is no more than League
OF Nations modelled upon the Paris
plan.
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18
Washington Pact Differs
From Versailles Treaty

NO 4sefHl purpose can bA served now
by any stirring of the old issues OF the
League Of Nations combat, vet it is
essential to perceive that in reality the
Treaty of Washington differs vitality
from that Of Versailles and find it's
points Of resemblance with that Anglo
French entente which I have already
cited. The trouble with the situation
which Mr., Wilson faced at Paris was
sA9t tor all practical purposes war wa
still going forward. Actual fighting
mad been interrupted by an arnistice,
bnt the main businesa before the world
was the liquidation Of & war
This business OF liauidatiue Wal,
carried With it very evil but nor less
necessary circumstances The victors
were entitled TO impose tlpon the con-
auered terms which, while by no means
IN excess OF the deserving OF Germany,
were bound TO be regarded by Germany
as unjust. h measure Germany was
IN the position OF criminal up for
trial and for sentence, but if the guilt
was undeEiable there was nothing
which sugges ted that there was OK was
likely ia be any penitsnee or any moral
suhm!ssioa to the verdict OF the court,
Thus, whea the League OF Nations
was created it became ia the nature of
things the body and the force which
were TO carry out the te,ms Of the
Treaty Of Versailles, the treaty which
imposed just but very terrible punish
ment upen Germany and denied to the
German culprit membership in that
league itself. Beyond all else it seems
to me that this circumstance carried
with it the doom of the League of Ma
t!ons as it was created at Paris. De-
spite all the effort of Mir, Wilson to
avoid the danger. the league was in it's
essence an alliance OF the victorious
nations to Impose obedience to the
Treaty OF Versailles upon the countries
who had disturbed world peace and in
the end lost the World War.
This fact has paralyzed the league
ever since; it has paralyzed it far more
than the failure OF the United States
to ratify. Now it must be clear that
the Treaty OF Washington, the four
power entente in the Pacific, is some
thing totally different from the Paris
agreement, Four nations. all having
Interests in the Pacific, rivals, perhaps,
IN s certain sense, but neighbors in
any case, have come together to make
9 ''eary 'he enaorsNins@ nerpose Of
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18
PARIS, December 10.

FARlS, Uecember 10.
N osslBLY forerunner of equip
- ment used on all great ail
lines throughout the world in
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18
The Results Achieved at Washington

From lAe qr;bnnc's 1vosbiagtoA Bu,eoss
WASHINGTON, December 15.
. HE end Of the fifth week Of
the Conference OH the Limi-
tation of Armament finds the
two primary aims Of the coun-
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

LONDON, December /.
II I ISN'T the Washington Confer
ence, or the Irish question, or the
cheekered career Of Horatio Bot
New-York tribune., 1921-12-18

1t is plain that every great power in
the world, and each small nation as
we'll, has the most Impressive reasons
Indiana daily times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1914-1922, 1921-06-02

fuse to comment on the cut or predict
whac VIII happen.
Policy of labor leaders viii be
thrashed out 1T a meeting here next
month.
In the meanwhile the head OF each rail
union department will call a council
meeting at which 1t viii be decided
whether to accept or reject the cut.
A council vote Of reflections, in most
unions. would throw the matter up to
the men in a plebiscite.
Leaders said they have formulated no
policy. They viii put it squarely up to
the rank and file, they said.
Union Officials who will not allow their
names to be used. said that the railroad
board made a poor guess.
There is some feeling among them that
the board made its decision without
Wading through the mass OF statements
and exhibits that were presented.
The announcement that there would be
a cut was made public twelve hours after
our time of presenting exhibits expired, -
said one.