davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
Z 'TISH RAHWAYMEN
nfN COAL MINERS
"a Also Consult With
Transport Workers.
~ tla assoc.of,d r,,exs

Il ~ NDoes, April THE National Union
ia a.lwaynaen to-day unanimously de-
.saf to support the coal miners in their
and to consult Immediately with
BIC transport workers organization
sMl voted yesterday TO support the
IN rs, for the purpose OF taking the
ae effective and immediate steps.
pk announcing the decision J. r.
Thomas. The railway mems general sec
.9etsry. said the meeting had unanimous
u decided that the terms offered the
.sbiners Has such as justified their re-
'frsal 10 accept them. 1t would only be
ithe beginning of general attack on
working class conditions and an attemp,
! 20 bring about tine standard OF living
tliat prevailed before the war; he de-
clared.
sst A verbatim report of the conference
Which the miners mad at the Prime Min
ister's official residence In Downing
sgtreet this morning shows that an i'm
i3asse was reached over the return OF
the pump men and other safety workers
As preliminary to the reopening or
,cle peace negotiations. TO this PROPOSE
.1on. forcefully put by Mr. Lloyd George
fand other Cabinet members, Committee
man Stalker OF the miners executive
body replied
ae II am not an extremely hot headed
man. but ] would rather capitulate abb
Solately than enter into negotia tons
with condition OF that kind laid down
Beforehand"
t.f The Prime Minister urged his cond,-
tson strongly. IAN wc are asking" he
said. "is that while the negotiations arc
going on firing shall ccaee and the armies
stand TO their arms"
vi Committeeman Smith. another OF the
miners. interposed:
Ma Without being fed--that is what you,.
conditions are. II is no use bargaining
About this. We have got to get these
40 fundamental principles agreed to
national wages board and national
pool. Then We can talk about the
safety men"
NS The Prime Minister answered THIS BY
saying:
III "If YOU insist upon that. and say the
safety ot the mines win not be con-
cedod, that YOU will not permit our
taking the necessary steps to insure the
safety OF the mines until we have con
cedcd beforehand two things, which,
among others. viii have to be dis
ccssed. then II is an impossible position
That is an altimatum OF a much more
strious character
II Frank Hodges, the minere' secretary.
confirmed the miners' position by de-
daring:
/, THAT Is the decision OF the Miners
Federation"
s The governmental conferccs retired
~ this juncture, and when they re-
tnrned at the end or twelve minutes the
Prime Minister said,
40 When invited yoa here ! was under
the impression that there was mis-
understanding which could be cleared
up BY open and frank discussion. but
the statements made on behalf OF the
miners have disclosed that there II a
much graver divergence OF opinion than
Ike anticipated understand that the
threat TO destroy the mines by deliberate
action which has been taken TO achieve
that end is to be utilized ss a means to
force the owners, who have got their
interest in the mines. and TO force the
nation. which has a still greater interest
In the mines to capitulation upon the
two main claims which are put for
ward by the miners.
The New York herald., 1921-04-08

or. The Social Revolutioaaries probably
would gain the upper hand at FIRST, but
the miltarists and the Czarists, sup
ported by the Social Democrats and
others, would finally gain the upper
hand with the result that they would
combine against the Social Revolution
lists, the Nfcnsheviki. the Bolshevilsi and
the anarchists. This would lead to a
state OF turmoil almost worse tlian Boil
shevisn. A constituent assembly wouid
be 4 farce; so would parliament on the
English model or a constitution like that
OF the United states. Russia Is not ripe
for that. and one sometimes wonders if
Lenne's Soviet Congress ~ not, despite
al! its drawbacks, the least objectionable
way of ruling Russia. 1t is thoroughly
unrepresentatlve but II may possibly
contain within itself the germ of bet
ter institution.
"AlI the material woes Of Russia
would remain, but Intensified, perhaps,
il Lenine were overthrown tomorrow.
There is a fuel and bread shortage
But there were great faniines in Czarist
times. and yet not once was there o
demand on that account for the de-
thronement OF the Car.
.sSometin.es one hears from q White
Russian that il the Bolsheviki were
overthrown Russia would Immediately
be ruled by a large body OF good, conf
petent men. but the number OF such
Russians is very small and most of them
would remain in Paris or London.
Americans are apt to think that
Russia is now in a position the United
States would be in If a band of thugs
seized the White House and imposed
dictatorship on the American States
with all the able administrators and
business men. The position of Russia is
different. however. There is beneath
Lenine's iron rule no class of men ac-
customed to public service and trained
In the conditions of self-reliance and
elf-government. That fact is very i'm
,,,fs
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
LENINE'S CHANGED
POLICY ABSOLUTE
Knocks Away Very Basis OF
Bolsheyism, Say Return
ing Americans.
HIS PLIGHT DESPERATE
Transport Breakdown in
Russia Declared to Be
Worse Than Ever.
RAILROADS SHY OF FUEL
Many L. S. Business Men in
Reval Find Soviet Terms
Impossible.
HIS PLIGHT DESPERATE
RAILROADS SHY OF FUEL
~ CAPT. FRANCIS MccuLLAGH

Special Coble to THE NEW YoRh HERALD.
Copyright. f9sf, by THE New YosK HERALD.
REvAL, April I'm sending every
aspect of the Russian situation TO THE
New YORK HERALD l should like to
stress th6 fact that the situation is full
of inconsistencies. Conditions are such
that an observer should give every
phase OF this situation as il arises
without any attempt to make it et q
al POI Is OF view and also meets for
c'eners who come out Of Russia. Two
OF the most level headed of these for
eisners are Americans, but being In
the service OF the United States Gov
ernment they cannot be quoted by
name. This is what they say:
Lenine's change of policy is abso-
lutte. His concessions to the peasants
and workers and his remuneration of
his policy for a world revolution knock
away the very basis OF what we call
Bolshevism. But the mere fact that
he has made concessions shows that
his plight is desperate.
"The transport breakdown in Russia
is worse than 1t ever was, which Is
saying q good deal. There are large
stretches of railroads with no trains
at all. On important sections of the
system there is only one train a day.
Mr.. Armstrong. who has contracted to
repair the lines. cannot hasten the
work because there are only a few 10
comotives ready to despatch. and even
when they are returned 10 the ser
vice there is no fuel in Russia. Many
good locomotives are idle in Soviet
hands because of lack of fuel. all
though the railways are already draw
ing Indispensable reserves of wood
which the peasants accumulated for
themselves. The Bolshevilj failed to
collect an adequate supply of wood
during the winter, when it can best be
hauled. and now that spring is COM
ing the collection Of wood supplies
over muddy roads and swollen streams
will be impossible for long time.
There is report that the Soviet
Government has placed an order in
England for 10000 tons OF coal. We
do not know whether this is true. but
even If it is true, the coal will not ar
rive in Russia soon and il won't go far
In . country the size OF Russia.
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
Dangerous Satellites.

But 1t is the cut-throat hangers on OF
Lenine who are the difficulty. Some
sailors who have murdered their officers
or other fanatics are liable TO stir up
trouble wherever you go in Russia, and
even the most prominent Bolshevild are
very dubious characters, whom no Gov
erment would like 10 see as sits diplo-
matte representatives One of them had
10 be deported from Koyno recently for
being connected with Bolshevist plot
to overthrow the Lithuanian Govern
ment. Maxim Litvinoff (Soviet Minis
ter 20 the Baltic States) had the au-
dacity recently TO ask the Esthonian
Foreign Minister 10 release several Es-
thonlan Bolsheviki who had been con-
deinned to death. as IL all Communists,
OF whatever nationality were, ipso facto,
subjects of Lenine.
Despite all it's faults. the old Czarist
regime did big work-the building of
the Trans-Sfberian Railroad, for example.
But to overthrow Lenine would not at
once return Gear 10 power. IT would
almost certainly bring about state of
confusion that is hofrifying even 70 think
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
OREGON HAS MANY
REBELS EXECUTED
Gen. Fernandez Perez Falls
Before Firing Squad.
BIZ the Associated Press.

Mexico CRY, April Fitting squads
al dawn within the last few weeks have
carried out deadly work among revolu-
tionary leaders who had been active in
various parts OF the republic. Tic latest
victim OF President Obregons iron
handed rule was Julio Fernandez Perez,
General of brigade in the State OF
Chiapas, who recently took up arms
against the Government but was cap
tured by Federal troops.
Within the last fortnight at least a
half dozen rebel leaders have been put
to death after court -martials had found
them guilty OF conspiracy. It seems APP
parent that President Obregon has de-
cided TO mete out stern punishment TO
persons found guilty OF conspiracy.
Coupled with the activity against in
cipient rebellion is a vigorous campaign
ordered by the Government against radi-
cal agitators
The New York herald., 1921-04-08

plan or cutting wages in an effort to re-
duce the cost OF living. but is threatening
profiteers with criminal prosecution il
conditions are not bettered Immediately.
Having obtained proof that the PROFITS
Of French meat dealers were ten times
as great as before the war, NJ. Pahsnts.
Under Secretary of the Food MinsATy,
notified the butchers that they must
make a substantial cut in meat prices
before Friday or risk the severest penal
ties
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
Americans Can't Get Goods.

There have been many American bust
ness men in Reval trying to operat. but
they found the conditions which the Soviet
laid down to be impossible. What Is
the use of concession in Russia to a
busy American manufacturer? He wants
his good delivered and to get payment,
but he does not want this payment IN
the shape OF forest somewhere in east
ern Siberia.
Even il he accepted the forest he
could not be sure that the local labor
therc would not hang him from one
OF his own trees before he got tho
timber cut. lie feels that the whole
situation is uncertain, and he does not
desire to spend the rest OF his life
wrestling with Siberian trees and occa-
sionally climbing ore of them TO escape
the attention OF some infuriated com
missary with an axe and a new theory
about capitalism.
"Lenine has shown that he is a strong
man and that he Is much more moderate
than those who are about him, but 4,
still remains to be proved that he can
protect foreign capitalists who enter
Russia to develop IL. Neither OF us
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
DR.. MORRIS FUCKER
OUT OF SOVIET JAIL
Leader OF Communists Here
Arrives in Reyal After
Prison i'm Moscow.

Special CabFe to THE New YoaK HERALD.
CopN,oht, 1921. oy THE NEW YonK HERALD.
REvAL. April 7.-Dr. Morris Fucker,
who says he is leader and organizer
OF the Communist party in the United
States. has just arrived in Reval after
FIVE months In Russia. most OF which
was passed in prison in Moscow. He
brought with him further confirmation
of the news first printed in THE NEW
York HERALD last month concerning the
reforms Nikolai Lenine, Soviet Premier
had proposed to institute in the Bolshe-
visit Government. He said that Lenine's
sgrarian reforms were limited to ten
YEARS and that the Russian peasants
were made permanent owners of it, with
he right TO transmit II to their sons.
Fucker characterizer Bolshevism as
the most terrible tyranny the world has
ever known, and declared that the Rus
sian worlSnen were so dernovalized they
would not work either in Russian or
foreign factories, and, therefore. the
Bolsaevist concession scheme was hope
less. He went to Russia last September
to study conditions there. He admitted
he had been convicted OF sedition in the
United States and sentenced TO fifteen
years in prison. President Wilson par
doned him last June and three months
later he left the United States for
Russia.
When he arrived in Moscow he had 10
report to Santeri Nuorteva, one time
secretary TO Ludwig G. A. X. Martens.
formerly Soviet Ambassador to the
United States Nuorteva being in
charge of all foreigners there. lie was
refused permission to make an investi-
cation of conditions obtaining in Russia
and was thrown into Jail. He was not
released until March %. He left Mos
COW last Thursday.
He said that while he was in prison
in Moscow he met many leading Boil
shevlki. among them being NJ. Bencken-
6orf, son of the former Russian AM
bassador to London. and other Menshe-
Wiki and social revolutionary leaders.
They had been detained us hostages to
prevent the assassination Of Lenine.
Leading representatives OF the peasants
also are in jail in Russia, he said.
AS a result Of his experience Or.
Fucker expressed the opinion that he
had better idea OF the Russian situa-
-tion than he would have obtained had
he not been imprisoned. He declared
he was disgusted with Russian Com
munisnl, adding that it bears not the
least resemblance TO any kind OF Com
munism since Lenines speech before
the Tenth Communist Congress in which
he outlined his reforms for the Soviet
policy.
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
SPAIN MAY ADOPT LABOR
RULES OF WASHINGTON
Senior Mauru Muy Become
Leader Of Conservatives.

MADRID, April king Alfonso to-day
signed q decree authorizing the Foreign
Minister to introduce in the Chamber OF
Deputies a bill giving effect to the
resolutions passed at the International
labor conference in Washington last
year
Premier Allendesalazar had a lengthy
conference with former Premier Maura
last night after having had an inter-
view with King Alfonso The confer
ence gave rise TO reports that the Pre-
mier was seeking to induce Senior Maura
to take the leadership or the Conserva-
tives
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
AMERICAS ENVOY At coBLENz

CoeLENz. April Hugh c. Wallace,
American Ambassador to France. ar
rived here to-day with party Of friends
TO visit the American Army Of Occupa-
tion as the guests OF Brighten. Allen.
its commander-in-ch The Ambassador
is expected TO remain here until the end
OF the week.
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
TROOPS NLONDON
AS IN DAYS0F WAR
Soldiers Brought From the
Rhine and Ireland Because
Of Coal Strike.
ALL ARE READY TO SHIP
Britain Won't Take Chances
Of Serious Disorders With
Reds Agitating.
ALL ARE READY TO SHIP
SABOTAGE ON INCREASE
Many Mines in Danger of
Flooding as Strikers Drive
Pupmcrs From Diggings.

Sgeciei cable 10 TIE NEW YORK HeRaLD.
Copyright fesi, bg TuE Nsw Yosx HERALD
The New York herald., 1921-04-08
FRANCE THREATENS
PROFITEERS WITH JAIL
Butchers Must Make Big Cut
in Meat Prices.

Special Cable TO THE NEw yosK HyraLp.
Copyright, 1921. by THE NEW YORK HERALD.
New York Herald bureau.
Paris, April Z.
Tae French Government apparently
has decided not to follow the American
The New York herald., 1921-04-08

QUEENSTOWN. Ireland. April Naval
unity here and at other home ports have
been instructed TO hold Themselves in
eodiness Tor emergency service. Shore
leave has been curtailed. even officers
being required to return 10 their ships
early in the evening.
The question OF shifting to England
large numbers OF the Crown forces In
ireland II disorders ensue has been fully
considered. Il is understood. and IL such
steps should be taken. IL is said. the
forces transferred viii probably include
many suxiliaries regarded as especially
The New York herald., 1921-04-08

cualifled&by their work In Ireland 70
deal with elements seeking 20 stir Up
trouble. offic4als, however. are aware
ot the possibility that the irish Repub
ican army may take advantage OF the
opportunity offered by disorders in Eng
H. o. and military authorities are re-
m'.tant To decrease the forces in Ireland.
The New York herald., 1921-04-08

would like TO be the first foreign capi-
talist 10 try 1t. 1t has not been done
yet.
persons who have reached the krem-
lin and obtained concessions on paper
cannot be regarded as commercial
pioneers. The concessions have been
altogether too fantastic TO suit the
average American taste. They are more
like the Kaiser's scheme for perceing
out the British Empire. Workers In the
kanchatka region and in the Donetz
Basin may quite possibly refuse TO
recognize any foreigner who comes to
exploit them. no matter how many Gre
dentials ne brings from Comrade Eenine.
"A trade agreement with America
would not solve the problem, for there is
now no obstacle in the way OF American
trade with Russia. There have been
some deals, like the cargo aboard the
American steamship Plow City. which
brought in a million pairs OF American
boots. and American merchants can
send into Russia anything except mill
tary supplies. These chance deals are
Nothing.
No workable System.
What we want TO know Is whether
there is commercial system In Russia.
governmental or private, capable OF
keeping commercial stream running
In and an exchange stream running out.
Tho cooperatives may be allowed to
work again. but IL now looks as II there
we're no such system there. anu IL this
is the case the British trade agreement
will be found. after six months or SO. to
have made no change in the Russian
situation, not because or bad faith on
the part OF the British. but simply be-
cause things in Russia are not work.
shie.
americans have no objections to
trading with all sorts OF people. But
despite their various idiosyncrasies they
all are stout believers in the rights of
private property and OF individual ini-
tiative, whereas the Bolsheviki have
quite a new theory. that any man who
employs others is speculator, capi-
taist and a bourgeoise tyrant. for whom
hanging is too good. Adventures will,
o: course, be found who will go into his
den and tackle him. just as adventurers
will be found who will go over Niagara
Falls in a barrel but the establishment
ef a steady, continuous, profitable trade
between the United States and Russia
il different proposition.
1T is just possible, os course, that
early adventures will make n good
tD1ng out OF IL ana become wealthy put
it strikes US that the only Fortunate ones
wiii be those who have got concessions
they can unload on others, and then can
clear out and watch what halp pens to
their successors.
"Non-R Russians who have gone inside
Russia are not allowed to tell their story
OF the situation freely, which indicates
that the Bolshevfl5i are not quite salts
fed with the manner in which their sys-
tenn is working. All BoLshevist envoys
save Leonid Krassine twho negotiated
the Anglo Russian trade agreement) fail
to inspire confidence. The forte of most
or the Communists is lecturing on theo-
rics. When speaking TO them an Aneri-
can business man has a curious feeling
that he is talking TO men who do not
know Russia and do not understand
business 1t is the sort OF n feeling one
has when he finds he has been talking
with smart Office boy he has mistaken
for the boss.
Dangerous Satellites.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1921-05-10

could have been instantly detected and
perhaps for this reason the obscure
Ulster County paper was made to
serve.
1.-THE trick evidently went well and
perhaps it was this same printer that
put out many of the subsequent edi-
tions. That is all supnosition of course;
but there is no doubt of the multi
tude of editions Their, genuineness
only an expert can pass on in most
cases. The test is the paper. :, Most
of these copies were made before 1850
sbut not early enough to have used
the fine linen. rag paper of 1900.
That soft paper will be- good for many
hundred years yet, while the earliest
Ulster County Gazette we have al
ready badly discolored.
:"Variations are found in the print
ing,the different editions Of the same
date:N In two Of our copies the name
of the paper is set in italics, in the
other it is not. The enterprisins pub
Usher of the newest Of our forgeries
added the word copyright,
Perhaps the people of the day
recognized the Ulster. County Gazette
in circulation as mere facsiniles: But
no doubt many treasured them up as
genuine. Every now and: then one
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1921-05-10
FACTS ABOUT. TWINS.
Its NOT When One Was Born Before
M:l,;olIt 1aaI N

It's NOT When One Was Born Before
Midnight,' One After-Read On.
There are, Of course, many kinds Of
twins, writes Gertrude Davenport:
A mother thinks Of her twins as good
or bad, strong or Ill, sunny or surly,
quick or slow, tan or short, boy or girl.
The teacher Classics them according
to- their response or lack of response to
the various school activities.
When these. same twins come before
the student of heredity for study he
finds them to be of two kinds; namely,
ID ordinary twins and (2) Identical
twins.
Ordinary twins; as fat as the student
Of heredity. is concerned, are merely
brothers, sisters or; brother and sister
who happen to be born on, one and the
same day.
They are more nearly related to any
Of the other brothers and sisters In
their own fraternity.
Identical Twins;
Identical twins; on the: other hand,
are either both brothers or both sisters
and never Of opposite sexes Identical
twins have one. and the same maternal
and paternal origin-that to say
they develop from one and the same
fertilized cell.
Indeed, there are cases recorded OF
three brothers., or three: sisters-trip-
lets-developing from one cell. There
is no closer relationship possible.
Reproducing in the animal kingdom
is accomplished mainly by building, by
division or by gg-laying. The latter
method is the moth; common in the
higher forms while the lowest forms
produce most Of their generations by
division; that is to say, by the separa-
ton Of the mother cell or organism in
to two parts or; daughter cells.
Methods Combined.
Sometimes two or more of these
methods are combined to produce the
young.
Thus certain forms lay! true eggs and
these eggs in turn cast off a number OF
smaller parts or buds. Each bud de-
velops into an Individual young: -i~
This latter method of reproduction is
the one employed by the armadillo..The
armadillo produces only one egg for
each litter of young. From this one
egg series Of buds: arise and separate
to form a number Of young.
It is believed by some students OF
heredity that hupan' identical twins
may arise by this method.
The attending physician could deter
mine beyond dispute the exact rela-
tionship' of twins; for Identical twins
develop in the same embryane cover
ing, where ordinary twins possess
each an embryonic membrane (cho-
rion) Of its own.
But even when the physicians rec
ords are absent, Identical twins can
nearly always be identified by their
close physical, mental and spiritual re-
semblances.
In the first place. identical twins look
so much alike as, to confuse playnaates'
teachers and even parents.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1921-05-10

his appearance at the Federal building,
where warrant was served on him
and he was arraigned. He pleaded not
guilty and he was released on $500 cash
bail, hearing being set early in May.
The agents described the Still as one of
the finest that had como to their atten-
ton. It consisted. they said. of a cop
per boiler with a ten foot coil and gal
vanized condenser. They were told,
they said; that the liquor was frequent
ly served at dances and other social af-
fairs. Shaw has maintained a private
research lab, :atory- at his Marlboro
street address.