Perth Amboy evening news., 1921-07-30

supreme Court, Out george StedQIaSIly Eckuscu
him because Of their relationship. and to guard
himself from the charge of Partially to
relatives which would certainly have been made
had he made the appointment.
The first three Chief Justices were prominent
in the colonies and the new nation as states
men and revolutionary leaders. Jay had been
one of the trainers Of the constitution, had been
Minister to Spain, president of the congress and
Chief Justice for the State of New York, and
Washington, who appointed the first three
Chief Justices, gave Jay his choice Of posts
Court was the choice. His official life in that
post was brief. as was that OF the TWO succeed
ing justices. III,
England and upon his return here, Jay, having
resigned as Chief Justice, was elected governor
Of New York. Jay. despite his accomplishments
to exclude Roman Catholics from American
citizenship. but failed.
A Six Months Tenure.
John Rutledge, the next Chief Justice, was
appointed in 1895, when Jay resigned, but neld
office only six months, the senate having re-
jected the nomination because of his opposition
to the jay treaty. and because of alleged mental
infirmity resulting from exposure In the swamPs
Of South Carolina during the Revolution. ne
New York, and in 1774 was sent to the Conf
mental Congress. He was the first governor
OF South Carolina. -
prominent as a statesman during the latter
part Of the Revolutionary War, and credit IS
given him for standing out against the DOM
nance of the larger states, and securing equal
representation in the senate for all OF the states.
He held out str ongly and successfully for MAIN
tanning sovereignty oil the state governments.
As a youth he started to study theology, out
changed to the law and soon attained success.
John Marshall. the next Chief Justice, was
appointed by John Adams a month before the
Inauguration of Thomas Jefferson, and serveo
from 1901 until 1885. Marshall was a soldier
during the Revolution, fighting at Brandywlne,
Germantown, Iron Hill, Monmouth and stony
Point, and was with Washington's troops during
the terrible winter at va valley gsd tofge' t Marst the
Supreme Court is the judge of the laws OF tne
land, and that laws in conflict with the consul
tuition shall not stand.
Marshall was the last Of the Revolutionary
heroes and statesmen to be appointed as Ch1ei
Justice. Roger B. fancy, who was appointet
to succeed Marshall, was scarcely of age. at
the time Of Washington's death. His appoint
ment was made by President jackson, ana ne
served from 1895 until 1861: s Ins sema'o Of the The
the first time a nomination 10 "
cabinet post was turned down.
Taney married a sister of Francis Scott key'
author Of the national anthem. He mad the
~strictest regard for official integrity, and tnere
is a story that he refused to accept a Dog OF
cigars from one of the officials in the treasury
Department while he was at its head.
Salmon p. Chase was appointed by Lincoln
in 1864. He was elected to the senate twice, but
the second time resigned almost immediately.
as Lincoln made him Secretary or the Iredsuly;
He ranked high as a fnancier, but fesigasa
in his department. Lincoln soon afterward
named him as Chief Justice. he suHerea d
stroke OF paralysis IN l81O, ana uhtii TIE oea'i'
in 1873 was an invalid.
Morrison Remick Waite succeeded him. being
appointed Chief Justice in 1874 by President
Grant. He was generally regarded as rot
measuring up to the stature OF others VINO "ao
held his high office.
Income Tax Decision.
Melville Weston Fuller was appointed Chies
under his leadership that the income tax was
rejected, despite popular opinion, because the
constitution did not then permit OF sucn was
amended to allow incomes to be taxed. Chiet
Justice Fuller remained as Chief Justice until
President Taft, now himself Chief Justice,
appointed the man whose death left the vacancy
which made possible President Hardings ap,
Douglas White, and raised a storm OF protest
all through the Republican Party. Whlte was
a Democrat. a southerner and a tonreoer q
able iurists in the ranks of the Republicans
upon which the mantle Of Fuller might well
fall. Taft had determined upon White, now
ever. and insisted upon the appointment.
White held state Offices in Louisiana: ana
was elected United States senator in 1891.
President Harding set a precedent by aP-
pointing a former President as CHER Justlce'
Taft's father was Secretary Of War and Attor-
American Minister to Austria under the Arthur
administration. Taft's first political office was
that of prosecuting attorney for HamltoH
internal revenue by President Arthur. When ne
was only twenty-nine he was appointed 10 the
SuDerior Court Bench or ONO Dy IoNernor
Foraker. and the next year was elected to this
office by a substantial majority. President
Harrison made Taft Solicitor General or the
limited States in 1890, and when the Federal
Court Of Appeals was created Taft was named
as one of its members. In 1900 President
Philippine Commission, and later he became
frst governor of the islands. President Roose-
Welt made Taft his Secretary. of War. He
Strengthened out the tangled affairs Of Cuba in
1906, and again in 1907 he went to Havana to
quiet the revolutionists in the island republic.
The next year Taft was elected President.
serving one term, the split in the Republican
ranks occurring in 1912.