davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1921-12-04
Diagram of the Blood
Circulation, Showing
the Heart as the Great
Pump in the Center.

the damaged valve by sending a mass OF
can stand. II It is the mitral valve the
next contraction Of the ventricle sends part
of the blood back into the fast-filling
auricle.
II II is the aortic valve, the next contrac
ton of the aorta sends mass of blood
back into the fast-flling ventricle. The
auricle sends between FIVE and six ounces
of blood into the ventricle at each contrac
ton, the contraction lasting about one-fifth
or one-sixth of a second. The vSntricle
sends the same quantity into the aorta, the
contraction period lasting about two-fifths
or one-third of second.
The heart is very adaptable and it can
gradually develop increased force and
speed and permit greater stretching OF its
walls, but It cannot adapt itself to the sud
den stretching Of the walls of a cavity.
II, during the one.sixth Of a second that
the ventricle is filing, a mass Of blood is
sent back by the contracting aorta, the sud-
den stretching of the ventricle will cause a
paralysis of the heart. This paralysis is
sudden and complete. The normal pulse
rate. which corresponds to the heart rate
is about seventy-five beats a minute; In
other words. the heart sends out five or
six ounces of blood every fourffths Of a
second. The rapidty of flow in the carotid
artery. the large artery which can be felt
pulsating In the side Of the neck, is twenty
and four-ffths inches second; and the
time required for blood to reach the brain
from the heart is about three-fourths of a
second.
The contractio, of the aorta which sent
the paraiyzing mass Of blood back into the
heart also sent part of the blood to the
brain. In three-fourths Of second after
paralysis OF the heart occurs diminishing
amount of blood reaches the brain, causing
sudden anemia and fainting. In a small
fraction OF a second this blood Is on its way
back to the heart, and when four-ffths OF
second later a fresh supply from the
heart Is not forthcoming the brain becomes
paralyzed and death ensues. Thus death
would occur in about one and one-half sec
onds after the paralysis Of the heart.
The Washington times., 1921-12-04

The most common valvular disease, mitrai
insuhiciency, Is due. in the vast majority
OF cases, to an endocarditis occurring our
Ing rheumatism in childhood. Each OF tine
four valves can be so diseased that II VIII
either obstruct the flow or allow return
now. and thus there are eight distinct val
vular diseases.
A valve may be both stenosed and In
competent and often two or more valves
are diseased at the same time. When
people speak Of a leaking heart they mean
a valvular insufficiency, some OF the blood
leaking back through the incompletely
closed valve. Mitrsl insufficiency forms
about so per cent OF valvular diseases.
aortic insufficiency ABOUT 30 per cent.
mitral stenosis about IL per cent, aortic
stenosis nearly per cent, while the tri-
cuspid and pulmonary valve diseases form
less than per cent
The reason these diseases are often neg
(C) 1921. by Star COMPANY.
The Washington times., 1921-12-04

-YHEN the American public op0Aed
NJ the morning newspapers on q re-
p w cent Monday morning IN une1-
pected piece Of news shocked them.
The amiable. worthy. kind-hearted. phil
anthropic wife of George J. Gould. the
well-known New York millionaire, had
dropped dead at her husbands side. They
were playing golf on Mr.. Gould's private
golf course at Lakewood, N. ]. Standing
side by side, Mrs. Gould swung and drove
the little golf ball. Mr.. Gould watched
the flight of the ball for perhaps half
q minute and then turning with smile to
his wife-saw her crumpled figure lying
beside him on the ground.
without warning, without, time to utter
a word or even a murmur. Mrs. Gould's
heart had stopped and instantaneously end.
cd her life.
Many a wounded soldier has been shot
through the heart or through the brain
and stin retained fragmentary moment
of mental or bodily activity, to utter q
final word or two before all was ended
What IL It that happened to the wife of
the New York millionaire which without
warning brought on her death with such
incredible swiftness!
The vague term. heart disease" covers
4 large range of ailments, some of which
are painful. but OF little consequence, and
some Of which are painless. but exceed
inxly dangerous And while the trained
ear of the specialist is able to detect many
defects of the heart in time to warn OF
the consequences, yet there are enfeebled
conditions of the human heart which give
no premonitory signs whatever. Death
hovers about unseen, unsuspected.
The most serious feature Of some va
rieties of heart disease Is this absence OF
symptoms untR sudden death ensues.
There are, indeed, some symptoms In al
most every case. but as these are often
only annoying and not distressing. lasting
but a moment, and apparently not con-
nected with the heart they are usually
neglected or overlooked.
In some of the twenty or more kinds of
heart diseases there Is change In the
myocardium, or heart MUSCLE, in the en-
docardium or heart lining. In the valves
or in the blood vessels Of the heart, or in
the peficardium or bag surrounding the
heart. These are called organic heart dis
eases. .t .,Is
In tho socalled functional heart dis
eases the heart does not work right but
no change In the organ has been found.
The heart works too fast or too slow or
irr@gulariy. II beats too hard and causes
the sensation Of palpitation, or II beats too
weak and there Is an occasional sense OF
The Washington times., 1921-12-04
Cross Section Diagram of the Heart
With Its Valves, ETC., Which Are Re-
ferred to by DR.. Nascher in His Article.

)ected or overlooked is that the earliest
symptoms usually do not refer to the heart.
In mitral insufficiency there is a shortness
of breath and the patient imagines he has
asthma or some other form of lung trouble.
patient may have this for years before
palpitation and paleness with blush lips
and finger nails lead him to suspect heart
trouble.
In mitral stenosis there may be no
symptoms for years after the signs are
discovered Symptoms are what the pa
tient experiences, such as palpitation,
pain, cough, fainting etc., signs are what
the physician discovers, such as murmurs,
changes IN the character Of the pulse, in
blood pressure. etc.. In aortic INSULT
cheney the early symptoms are usually
headache. ringing in the ears and dizzi.
ness.
Patients having these symptoms treat
themselves for years for indigestion and
never suspect the real cause OF these
symptoms. In this disease there Is occa-
sionally pain in the heart, either dull
ache or an occasional stitch. This, OF
course, will attract attention to the heart
but where this symptom is absent the
usual early symptoms are misinterpreted
until palpitation, shortness of breath and
lividness on exertion appear. In aortic
stenosis there may be no symptom for
many years, or only symptoms of anemia
OF the brain though occasionally there is
a dull ache about the heart.
the physician that there is a valvular dis
ease is the murmur, a peculiar sound which
accompanies the ordinary sounds of the
heart. The location Of the murmur tells
him which valve Is affected, and the time
when II occurs, whether with, before or
after the rst sound OF the heart, tells him
whether It is an obstruction or an INSULT.
cheney OF that valve.
There are other features about the muir.
muir, such as the character, length, direc.
ton in which 1t is carried, that help to
establish the diagnosis, but location and
time are the important and determining
ones. Murmurs are sometimes heard in
the chest which are not caused by valyular
diseases. These murmurs can be heard
months or years before there are any
symptoms of heart disease, but sometimes
the murmur is so faint that only a very
sensitive ear can detect II through the
stethoscope. Occasionally no murmur can
be heard and the heart sounds appear per
fectly normal or the murmtr disappears
for few beats or minutes or for hours or
days.
A valve disease may exist for years
without giving the slightest symptom which
would attract attention to the heart A
little extra exertion as In running, or
sudden strain as in jumping, or even swing
ing a golf stick, will suffice to tear through
Great Britain Rights Reserved
The Washington times., 1921-12-04

1t might occur in half that time IL the
contraction of the aorta sends most Of the
blood back to the heart and only very
small amount reaches the brain. In the
strict scientific sense there is no such thing
as instant death, for there is a measurable
interval between the cause of death and
the actual extinguishing of life.
Paralysis of the brain is SAID to cause
instant death, but as nerve impulses travel
III feet a second 1t takes the one-twentieth
part Of a second before all the nerves in
the body stop functioning. Even then
parts of the body may be alive. in the
sense that they can act as IL alive, for
short time; until the blood is so changed
that II can no longer supply these parts
with nutNtion. In the usually accepted
sense, death ensues-when the brain stops
functioning. and as a result all other fuuc-
lions Of the body cease.
All valvular diseases do not end In sud-
den. unexpected death; in fact, this result
is infrequent. In the vast majority OF
cases symptoms Of heart disease which the
patient recognizes develop gradually-the
shortness of breath becomes worse, palpi-
tation upon exertion, and later without ex-
ertion. occurs frequently; the skin becomes
sallow and in advanced cases livid; there
are occasional fainting spells, persistent
heart cough, sometimes a constant ache or
an occasional stitch in the heart
AS the natural result of an obstruction
IN tba ~ 20 Of
would be a lessened supply of blood in the
circulation, the heart acts with greater
force to send greater supply Its walls
become thicker, producing hypertrophy or
enlargement of the heart This keeps 5up
for an indefinite period, then the walls, IN
stead of continuing to grow In thickness.
stretch. thereby increasing the cavities
The cavities are now dilated and the walls
become thinner and weaker. This dilatation
of the heart is ap extremely dangerous con
dition. produces very active symptoms, and
usually ends in paralysis of the heart.
There are number of diseases of the
heart besides valvular diseases which end
fatally. and a few which give no dangerous
symptoms before the final end. .fhN
There are several other forms Of cegen.
Grafton OF the heart, but these are very
rare and they do not differ in their symp
toms and Signs from fatty degeneration
Some cannot be recognized during Nfe
but are found on autopsy after death. Dila.
tation OF the heart, which is really degen-
Grafton, as the heart muscle is changed, Ia
sometimes rapidly fatal.
The introduction Of the sphygmomano-
meter, by which the blood pressure is de-
termined, and the very elaborate and conf
plicated recording instruments, the electro
cardiograph, sphygmograph, the polygraph
and the micrograph which record the
movements Of the heart, have opened a new
field In the study of heart diseases. The
important practical point, however, Is not
so much the recording OF abnormal move
ments Of the heart, as, the discovery of alb
normal heart conditions which may cause
death, yet give no symptoms Of their
presence.
Had Mrs. Gould been examined from
time to time such abnormal condition
which led to her untimely death might
have been found.
The Washington times., 1921-12-04
More Recent
Photograph
Of Mrs.

The vast majority OF valvular diseases
are the result Of endocarditis. an infiamma-
ton of the lining membrane Of the heart
which occurs generally in rheumatic fever,
or acute articular rheumatism, as Il was
formerly called, and occasionally in mus
cular rheumatism. Other diseases, such
as diphtheria, typhoid. cerebrospinal men
nights, whooping cough, influenza and
other germ diseases, may cause endocar-
ditis and valvular disease, but rheumatism
is responsible for most cases.
We know now that what used TO be
called growing pains in children is really
rheumatism, and this generally produces
endocarditis and sometimes valvular dis
ease. This valvular disease may be 80
slight that It does not seriously interfere
with circulation, and the person may 20
through life without knowing that the
heart Is affected, or he may learn of 1t
when he 10 examined for life insurance.
The Washington times., 1921-12-04

faintness, or parts Of the heart do
not work in harmony, one part work
ing faster than another.
The tobacco heart. for. example, 10
q functional or nervous heart disease.
There Is palpitation and irregularity
Of heart action. but no change in the
heart structure to account for the i'm
pairment of function.
The human heart Is really q pump.
II we look at . beef heart, which Is
identical in construction with the
human heart, we see that one side,
the left as 1t lies in the body, is very
much larger and thicker than the
right. Each side has two chambers
or cavities. the upper, called the au-
ricle. separated from the lower, the
ventrice, BY Q valve; the tricuspid
valve on the right and the mitral
valve on the left side. There Is also
q valve, the pulmonary valve, separ-
ating the right ventricle nom the
pulmonary artery which-soes to the
lungs. and the aortic valve, which
separates the left ventricle from the
aorta. the big artery which. through
its branches, supplies the whole body.
These valves are little folds of
membrane which allow the blood to
60 in one direction, but which close
like one-way folding doors against
the return how-lke the valves in
pump. In valvular disease q valve
does not open completely, thereby
obstructing the now of blood !(valvu-
lar obstruction or stenosis), or else
1t Goes not close completely, thereby
allowing q return flow Of blood (val-
vular insufficiency). Sometimes both
conditions are present, . valve being
so damaged that II can neither open
nor close completely.
The Washington times., 1921-12-04

(Author Of "Gesiatrics, the Diseases
of Old Age, end Their Treatment.")
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

Continued on page three)
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

Continued on page five)
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
DOPESTERS BUSY
ON COMPANY D
vs.. LEGION GAME
It's About $3.50 as q Betting
PropOsitiOn-3OO Seats
Are Reserved

The main topic Of conversation on
the streets of our fair town today is
the big basket ball series arranged
between W. X. Knapp Post, No. 50,
American Legion and Company d,
Vermont National Guard, which
opens in the Armory on Wednesday
evening. Speculation is rife as to the
outcome of initial contest in fact the
entire series, and the wise ones are
already freely handing out their
opinions as to the relative merits Of
the two stellar St. Johnsbuly aggre-
cations. But in spite of all this
widespread talk and freedom of
"dope" it would be difficult to select
the winner, so evenly are the two
teams matched.
1t is true, that while the American
Legion "five" has gone backward to
some extent during the past few
weeks the militiamen have gradually
scared until at the present writing
they have almost reached the top of
the ladder of success. So consistent
has been their gain that the guard
outfit looms up as an extremely for
midable opponent for the eX-service
men. But. where the legion was
handicapped by the enforce~ absence
of Earl Clark, the speedy and clevcr
forward, they are now materially
strengthened by his return to the
game. Clark's ankle has improved
considerably but it not wholly healed.
However, he claims to be all primcd
for the conflict and declares he will
be o1 the job when the whistle blows.
Company d, at present writing,
boasts of one Of the strongest teams
ever produced at the local armory
and is bound to force the legion 20
play a stiff game every second. After
passing through the earlv nart of the
season only as a mediocre team Com
pany d, under the guiding influence
Of Peter J. Landry. who has taken
the proper interest in the boys, has
taken IFS rlace as one Of the crack
teens in this section BY ACQUISITION
c' now waterfall LoNfor Landry has
deve'oped a real frhtinr machine
that dem9 ds the full respect of any
GIVE" in the state and they are sure
70 mako the fur fly when they get
into action.
"T'0"o things oftcn harpen ~ n
big series and frequently clark
Continued on page y
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
LEGISLATORS
DISCUSS FATE
OF VAIL SCHOOL
Spirited Debate Before
Committee Over Future
of Lyndon Institute

MONTPELIER, March 7--Whcther
or not the state of Vermont should
continue to operate the Vail Agri-
culture School st Lyndon was the
question which produced 4 spirited
debate before the House committee
on educational instructions in Rep
rescntatives' hall. O. u. Mathewson,
principal of Lyndon Institute, and w.
\. Hubbard, manager OF the farms at
the Vail school, gave facts regarding
the present condition of the school,
expressing the sentiment that the
state should eitherarpropriate enough
to put the school on the basis that
Nh Vail intended and maintain t
there or else surrender it and allow
il to be taken over by the institute
in as good condition as possible. he
thought it would take from $4,000 to
$4,000 a year to carry on the school
as Nr. Vail had prescribed.
Mr.. Mathewson protested against
the way in which the Vail school had
been carried on by the state and sad;
"If an individual or a corporation
had handled this property as the
state has handled it, we should nave
brought suit against them"
Questioned as to whether the Lyn-
don Institute would make a claim on
the state for the depreciation on the
Vail school, which Mr.. Hubbard es-
timated at about $4,000 since the
state took it over in 1915, in case the
present Legislature should decide to
give up the school now. MI Math-
evson would not say what would be
the attitude Of the institute. He SAID
that he thought the state was morally
responsible fortuning over the school
In as good condition as they had
taken it, bat there m ght be a aues-
ton about the law on the matter.
After Mr.. Cushman of Rochester
and Fred A. Rowland of the State
Board of Education he'd continued
the questioning along this line Mr..
MathewSon said that personally he
would be willing to have the state
turn it over as it is and have the
Continued on page three)
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

Lloyd George informed the Ger
mans that not only were the propos-
ais made by the German foreign min
listers unacceptable but despite the
intervals since Saturday the Germans
had not made such an advance as
would Justify postpoLement of the
mposition of the penalties.
The penalties were announced to
the Germans last Saturday by Pre-
mier Lloyd George. They are; Occu-
nation of the cities of Duisberg,
Dusseldorf and Ruhr in the German
industrial area bevond the Rhine by
troops of the Allies: imposition by
ea.ch allied countries of tax upon
German imports as it NAV deem nee
essary and the establishment of
customs boundary along the Rhine.
The British premier said he must
aNrounce on behalf of the allies a
failure to come TO even an approxi-
mate understanding with the Ger
mans. Until we set proposals from
Germany which mean permanent
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
ALLIES IMPOSE PENAL TIES ON GERMANY
MAYORS WIFE WOUNDED
AND EX-MAYOR KILLED

DUBLIN, Ire, March George
Clancey, mayer Of Limerick, was shot
and killed at his hcne early today
and his wife was seriously wounded.
At about the same time Michael
O'Callaghan, former mayor of the
city, was also killed at his residence.
Bands Of men shot Clancy. mayor Of
Limerick, and O'Callaghan, the
fomer mayor IN cold blood while
they were lying in their bed. MIS-.
Clancey, while trying to protect her
husband was shot in one arm. Linz
erich is intensely excited over the
shooting which popularlv interpre-
tated as reprisals for the assassina-
uon o. BriGadier- General Cumming,
who was killed on Saturday
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

Continued on page y
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

A Newspaper Covering
the Entire Northeast Sec
tion of Vermont State
Every Working Day.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

Unsettled; snow or rain
tonight or Tuesday.
Moderate caStel.ly winds
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
REPORTS BUSINESS PART
OF PETROGRAD IN FLAMES

LONDON, March THE Central
News correspondent at Helsingfors
reports receipt of advices from Petro-
Grad before midnight, saying many Of
the residential and business quarters
We're in flames. The Soviet govern
ment, the message continues, was dis
patching a large number of troops
from Moscow to assist in restoring
order
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
START WORK ON
RAILROAD BRIDGE
AT NEWPORT
Boston & Maine to install
Scales With 100000 Lbs.
Capacity

With the promise OF an early spHES
work will be begun soon on the new
railroad bridge which will span the
marrow neck of Lake Menphromagog 3
in the immediate vicinity of the
union station at Newport. The pre-
ent bridge will be replaced by an en-
tirely new structure, the cost Of
which is roundiy estimated by tens Of
thousands Of dollars. Tie heavy TIM
bers and long piles which VIII be used
in the construction have been arriving
from time to tine throughout the
winter and men have been at work
placing the cumbersome material in
readiness for the spring work.
AS soon a. the actual work is be-
gun on the bridge, the shifting in the
north yard OF The Boston and Maine
viii all have to be done in the south
yard. 4 gigantic scale, 49 feet and 4
inches in length are soon 10 be IN
stalled on the railroad properly Just
opposite the Cote house in the
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
PANAMA FORCES ARE
REPORTED RETREATING

SAN SALVADOR, March 7--Panaml
forces are declared in dispatches re-
ceivcd here 10 be retreating through
the province Of Bocas Del Toro on
the Atlantic side of the isthmus.
Heavy Costa Rican columns are re-
roltcd TO be marching toward the
Panama frontier.
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07

settlement there can be no peace, he
declared.
The proposed international loan,
Dr.. Simon said would have furnish
ed a means to Germany to get at cap
ital which wanted to evade taxation
and make it serve the purpose of re-
paration. Germany had been ready,
he continued, to resort to a provision
81 Arrangement for five years and for
the sake of final settlement had even
cone so far as to accept in principle
the Paris proposal ;;at the total re-
paraton would consist of fixed an
nuities and variable factors which in
crease with the increasing capacity of
Germany.
COLUMBIAN TREATY IS
REPORTED IN SENATE
WASHINCT March THE
Columhi Vas reported Cor
Senate today
The Caledonian-record. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1920-current, 1921-03-07
Allied Troops To Move AT Once
Into Designated Territory
Along the Rhine
(By the Associated Press)

LONDON, March 7-Allied troops will march into
Germany tomorrow in accordance with the decision of
the allies to nict on Germany the penalties provided for
because of the nonfuflmen of her reparations oblga
tons, is announced officially this evening.