davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Graphing With Problem

I'm several municipalities special ap-
preparations have been made for the
purpose of providing employment, but
the work has been primarily in street
construction in which only able-bodied
men can be employed. No. appropria-
tions specifically for this purpose have
been passed by the Legislature. A bill
providing for the issuance Of bonds
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Scientific Programs Urged
For Regularizing Industry
American Association for Labor Leo.
islation Proposes Industrial Planning
to Obviate Variations in Trade
By Merryle Stanley Rukeyser

HEN corporation passes the dividend
wv trial depression expressed
poShen' which represents srinkage
aoor during period OF eadjusmen
the "orkngman family perhaps the eggs and
the pantry Those
often
oVee or crang company expenditures
they are sometimes thing
Payment TO unemployed habit
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Assuming Too Much

The Senator, in describing the bill,
begins by assuming proposition
which is by no means generally &c
cepted as true. 1T is generally con-
ceded that industry can prevent un-
employment" he says. at is also ad-
mitted that unemployment will not
be done away with until there is an
inducement to do SO. This is the
fundamental assumption of the Huber
unemployment prevention bill, which
is now pending before the Wisconsin
Legislature. : This unemployment pre-
vention measure is like the Wisconsin
accident compensation law, which puts
a premium upon good management of
an industrial concern in proportion
to its effectiveness in preventing &C
cidents. Due to the huge expense
of the weekly accident compensation
that the employer must pay while the
injured workman is unable to work
and supplemented by the effective
work Of mutual insurance companies
in encouraging the use of preventive
measures, accidents have been reduced
to a minimum.
This unemployment bill makes scien-
tific production, where the workmen are
employed steadily, the most profitable
Non-profit making mutual insurance
companies will be the direct agencies
which will endeavor to prevent unem-
p ovment. It's experts will be at he
service of it's members. The experts
will devise scientific methods for re-
ducing unnecessary labor turnover
Hpasmodic employment of workmen
will be discouraged by a system of
premium rates, which will be based
upon the stability of employment for
each establishment. The establish
ment with the greatest number OF 'hir-
iIgs and '.irings' will pay the largest
pstmium rates. Hence, good manage
m.nt viii be rewarded for its efficiency
II, preventing unnecessary lay offs anil
for keeping its men working steadily
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Changing Trade Tides

In the swings Of business from mo-
ments of sunlit optimism suddenly to
periods Of gloom there is a great dis
turbance to production schedules-to
the programs of management. Capt.
tai would receive surer and perhaps
much larger reward and labor more
continuous employment if it were feast
BILE to regularize industry.
If the problem is placed in q vacuum
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Will Recovery Go Too Far?
Industrial Revival Certain, Says Professor Daven
port, but Indicates Credit Policy May
Help 1t Overreach Top
By II. ]. Davenport
Professor of Economics, Cornell University

Reprinted From Incl
1RCES have been falling circulating Money
and deposits have appreciably changed
decrease the latter
last sixty days The
without
Neither for the Immediately
pectve RISE has the supply has
of
purchasing the other side
regard to the holding off ping up of goods
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03

/ Of disengaged employable men and
women is greater than at any time
since 1915. before the war orders boom
began.
lndustrially, the worst has not vet
been reached in all cases. MANY in.
! oustrles are reviving, notably the
automobil and textile plants. but some.
like steel and copper. are still reccd-
! ing But the emergence from the
rlgors of the winter marks a turning
point IN the situation. A recovery in
business before the cold months re-
turn is greatly to be desired.
Despite the seasonal stimulus which
trade is now experiencing. The labor
market remains saturated, and there
is no indication of a check in the
downward tendency Of wages.
In the Middle West the unemploy-
ment situation up to the end Of March
showed little Improvement. In Chicago
there was a reduction of 2l.4 per cent
IN the number employed, compared
with year ago. In February, 1920.
according to the Federal Reserve Bank
of Chicago, 80 per cent of the capacity
of industrial plants was employees: in
January, 1921, IS per cent; in Febru-
airy, in 1921, 63 per cent. And the
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
reports an increase in unemployment
in its district in. the last thirty days.
1t explains that in the building trades
and metal industries unemployment
is most marked. and that farm labor
is abundant, with surplus in some
districts. Wages for unskilled labor.
according to the regional bank, have
been cut in some sections from 10 to
25 per cent. Cuts in wages, it says,
have been made in these industries:
Flour milling. furniture, lumber, boots
and shoes. cand and textiles.
And the Minneapolis Bank last week
ir its monthly review observed that
tie railroads were taking on no new
rlen, little activity in construction
work and little stimulus in the lumber
industry.
In estimating the meaning of these
data in toilers out Of work it should
be remembered that during the years
OF boom industry merciIessly drew men
away from the farms, and until few
months ago the philosophers of the
soil believed that the shortage of farm
help was immensely critical y The re-
cession in industry has given agri-
culture chance to build up its per-
sonnet, and the Federal Reserve Bank
Of Dallas, for example, laast week re-
ported that Texas farmers are now
finding the farm labor supply sufficient
and that wages are settling to "nor-
nal level And the Federal Reserve
Bank of San Francisco observes: 1.-THE
peak of unemployment in this district
has been passed. Resumption of opera
tons in lumber mills and the begin
ring of season agricultural work are
rapidly relieving congestion in the
cities"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Doesn't Fear Dumping

In cutlery Americans imported from
all sources about 100000 worth in
the seven month period. Exports in
the same period were about $5.700,0o0.
II don't think" said q representative
Of George Borgfcldt & Co., a large i'm
porting house. that we need fear the
dumping of chap goods into this coun-
try by Germany or any Of the other
ing stuff away. The Germans as we'll
as other Europeans are trying to keep
their prices IS high rs possible con-
sistent with = wide distribution Of
their merchandise"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Dividing Jobs

Two other factors tended to prevent
unemployment from expressing itself
with all It's cruelty Many factories,
particularly in the textile and cloth
ing trades, when impelled to reduce
their production, retained alatheir en-
ployees, bat worked them part time.
Instead of laying off nalf their force
and working the other half full time,
many retained all and worked all half
time. This method, hardly more than
temporary makeshift duling an emer
gency, kept the fountains of family in
comes from completely drying up.
Then, too, some communities, hav-
ing been educated by the critical I'M
employment period in 1914, focused
attention on public works at time
when workers were tramping through
The streets in quest of toll. New Bed
ford Mass. for example, started a
school-building program when the tex
tile mills closed. To meet the f1uctua-
ting conditions of the labor market
many Canadian cities have adopted the
permanent policy of concentrating on
public work in the winter, when work
ers need jobs, instead of in the sum-
mer when usually there is plenty of
opportunity for employment.
Another factor tina kepse unmply-
ment from becoming starvation on a
large scale is the payment Of work
benefits by unions. This, however, is
Of relatively small influence, as only a
few unions make such payments. Then,
too, the unions affect the everyday life
Of the MASSES of workers much less
than is commonly supposed, for not
more than Is per cent of the organic
able workers are in trade unions.
Diverse industries belched forth
their unemployed. Such fundamental
factors in production and distribution
as the railroads, the steel mills, the
various groups of mining companies,
especially in the copper-producing dis
tricts contributed to the legions out
OF work. In many cities, the number
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03

caution, of delay, Of pessimism, in buy
ing and Of hurry in selling are practi-
cally nothing but greae speculation
on the movement of prices-on the
value Of the dollar. In the main, also
the earlier boom was essentially d.
rected by similar speculative calcula-
tions. The forecast gains from the
carrying of goods outwe ighed the costs
Of holding. So, again, the interest
charges for the carrying Of securities
ran below the earning power Of the
properties; dividends and maturing in
terest collections left margin above
the rates required on loans. The banks
were not using their discount rates to
control the volume of currency or the
pressure of speculative activities for
loans. The period was one of q great
bull speculation everywhere.
In larger part, this speculative move
ment was based on the fact that, the
trend of prices being upward, the pros
pect looked good tor a further rise.
Each new purchase was adequate Sc
curity for still greater loan. So an
enormous warehousing of products was
taking place and fabulous amour. ~
IVA
speculative Withdrawals of goods from
the market. A dearth of products ap-
peared to be general-an unreal thing
ultimately, but, SO far as the ordinary
buying public was concerned, actual
and real.
Thus there was q speculative hurry
on the part of manufacturers not only
to provide themselves with materials,
but also to derive advantage from the
rise or to hold their costs down against
competitors. The middlemen also were
ordering goods faster than the prod
ucts were forthcoming-specul
against scant supplies for their trade
and against the rising prices. Retail
crs, in turn, were specuiatively stock
ing their shelves with goods. Con-
sumers likewise were providing in the
present for foreseen needs. before
prices should further advance. If one
got some funds in the morning he
would better buy in the afternoon.
Prices would be higher the next day.
So deposit accounts were active. Money
was circulating rapidly. as goods were
turning over promptly.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03

the middle of July to tho first Of Octo-
barr we will need to- import help tc
handle the crop. OF course, wages
have decreased somewhat for nearly
all kinds of activity.
"Thc above applies to male helm
There is always demand for good do.
mestics, and wages have not decreased
for this class of help. There is q
slight surplus Of clerical workers, but
no doubt these will find employment
when the various industries reopen or
employ their spring and summer help. "
A sense of the tendency to talk but
do nothing, which is widespread, can be
CLEANED from this frank letter from q
state official in Ohio, who says: Moth
ing has been done in Ohio to alleviate
the situation, but in some Of the cities
committees are interviewing the Of
ficials Of the city and county in an at
tempt to get under way as quickly as
possible the building Of schoolhouses,
bridges, etc, and to take up the con-
templated road work to be done"
Unorganized Suffer
Pat Filburn, Supervisor Of Labor in
Kentucky, believes that unorganized
labor is the goat during unemployment.
"The number of unemployed in our
state he writes. sis steadily increas-
ing, and my belief Is that the only solu-
ton Of the question is for people In
your position, all over the country, to
insist upon the opening up by the Fed
eral, state and city governments all
public work for which appropriation
has been made. BY this mean build
ings, road Improvements, government
buildings, irrigation work and all other
work planned by these different bodies
for the coming year.
This would use up the great surplus
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Savings from Days of Plenty
Help Alleviate the Suffering
Seasonal Demands of Industry and Agri.
culture in Many Districts Opening
New Opportunities for Work

and studied theoretically the wisdom of
regularity becomes patent. Nearly
every one will admit that it is a goal
infinitely we'll worth reaching. If this
is so, why does the pulse Of commerce
beat with such striking irregularity !
Why does the life blood of industry run
through the veins with such uneven
velocity
These are questions not to be an
swered lightly. They are not to be
dismissed with glib literary phrase
They involve Il labyrinth of tangled
business forestry awaiting to be more
adequately explored by pioneers of re-
search. The industrial engineer, the
guardian Of credit who sees business
as an activity rather than as a fixed
set Of assets, the manager of plants,
workingmen themselves-all are Crap
ping more or less consciously with
these basic questions. Regularity will
obviate the thrill and excitement that
come from booms and panics. but will
create the atmosphere for progressive
prosperity and national economic de-
veiopment. Absolute regularity, espe-
cially in seasonal industries, is 4
Utopia However, the possibility Of
getting higher degree of regularity
in many industries seems to be more
than good business risk.
Regularity the Need
On this question of regularization
the American Association for Labo,
Legislation, a national body composed
Of disinterested citizens, has this to
say:
In times of depression, urge the use
OF regular employees in making repairs
and improving the plant, and the policy
OF part-time employment rather than
reduction in numbers. Do not rely
upon general appeals to DO it now.
Hire a man. and the like, addressed
to the public at large without definite
suggestion as to method. Rouse en-
ployers to the Importance of the prob
lem and the advantages Of regulariza-
ton. Stimulate careful planning for
this purpose by experts as part of the
regular routine of business manage
ment. Encourage the formation Of
employment managers associations"
Out in Wisconsin, where the ex-
perimental attitude in regard to social
problems prevails, H. A. Huber, State
Senator from Zane County, has in
troduced a bill in the Legislature,
which, if adopted, would penalize in
dustry for being irregular. 1t would
make the state a schoolm am and the
industries pupils. and the teacher
would call the roll periodically and
punish those of irregular habits.
Several hearings have been held on
the bill, but no action has yet been
taken. In principle, the document in
wolves an element of novelty, and for
that very reason it is difficult at this
distance to attempt to give an ulti-
mate judgment regarding its merits.
1t is mentioned here only because it
is an attempt to meet in new way
this age-long problem of handling
workers who are not workers,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03

Of unskilled labor which is now walk
ing the streets Of the different cities
idle, and in many cases hungry. That
In turn, would Great buying power on
the part Of these people which would
soon empty the shelves of our mer-
chants and cause them to call on the
manufacturer for goods. BY so doing
they would help q great deal to re-
store the country to normal conditions
and remove the menace of riot and
crime. which always exist where men
are idle and hungry"
Unfortunately, in this country the
statistics on unemployment-the facts
about sovereign citizens out of work
are not nearly so accurate as the data
on the state Of the gold reserves, for ex-
ample. One reason Thy the problem
of unemployment is met with feeble
good intentions instead OF with the
consummate skill with which American
business men grapple with the other
riddles Of production and distribution
is because the necessary facts are not
promptly at hand.
Improving Statistics
Parenthetically it should be said
that an important step toward finding
out the status of the changing tides
Of employment has been taken by pub
lication monthly Of the Industrial EN-
ployment Survey Bulletin by the
employment service of the United
States Department of Labor. The
first two issues were dated January
and February, 1921, respectively. This
marks step forward, but still leaves
much to be desired. Expansion of the
scope Of the work depends on larger
appropriations, and Congress might
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03
Liring on Its Fat

In the first place, labor has been
on It's fat. In many industries not
only were dollar wages whirled up to
fantastic heights during the delusive
days of initiation, but real wages, or
purchasing power, were also expanded.
In spite of the career of extravagant
spending during the days Of the silk
shirt and the workingman's automobile,
many families accumulated surplus,
a margin to keep away the wolf, which
has proved an air cushion of safety
since the collision with adversely.
Moreover, the spell of heightened de-
mand for goods of all kinds had opened
the avenues of opportunity to those
who had never before taken employ
ment Female members of the family
and younger sons, who really were not
compelled by economic necessity to
join the army OF wage earners, never
theless enlisted. This outer fringe Of
, the industrial cohorts was thrown back
into inactivity when the demand for
workers sagged, and they were able
again to live by dependence on others,
and were not confronted with want and
restitution.
This ability of unemployed labor to
live on it's own fat offers no great en-
enlargement to the serious student of
the unemployment situation, as it rep
resents an abnormal condition.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1921-04-03


middle OF 1920 from overstimulated
prosperity TO a stagnant state of in
dustrial recession, labor was called
upon to bear its share of the less ia
vorable turn. On January /, 1921.
there were 3,473,446 fewer employed
Ga reduction of SO per cent? than on
January l, 1920, according to the
United States Employment Service At
the first of the year unemployment was
probably at the summit Since then
the demand for the human element in
manufacturing and trade has expanded
in some industries and contracted fur
Their in others.
Spring as a Tonic
Spring is the great tonic for the
malady of unemployment. The sea-
sonal change normally increases the
number of workers sought after in the
labor market. Many occupations, such
as the manufacture Of motor cars and
agriculture. are each year stimulated
by the breath of March and April
zephyrs. And, in this particular, 1921
is no exception.
But even at the peak the siege of
unemployment was to a large degree
devoid of many of the usual unseemly
accomplishments. The extreme phases,
such as dependence on soup kitchens,
demonstrations of hungry and despalr-
ing men and women and the flooding OF
khe agencies OF organized charity were
suppressed.
America has gone through a new
kind of unemployment period. A reduc-
ton OF 80 per cent in the number
gainfully employed over a period of
twelve months under the old condi-
tions would unquestionably have
caused a greater amount Of more WISH
Bile suffering. No attempt is here be-
ing made to minimize the seriousness
of the problem, but the comparatively
painless aspect of the unemployment
period deserves emphasis and analysis.
Pueblo chieftain., 1921-11-24
MAN WHO ASKED GIRL
TO PARTY Tts1|F|Es
Physician Also Goes On Stand
As Arhucklc Trial
Progresses

San Francisco. Cal, NoY. :s.-Fred
Fischback. who said he invited Ntr-
g,nis fappe to the party In the rooms
of Roscoe c. 1Fattyl Arbucklc al the
Hotel st. Francis. where. II Is charged.
shn received fatal injuries at Arbuc-
kIe's hands was witness In the film
comedians trial today.
Another witness was Or. Asa W.
Collins called as an expert by the De :
fens~. Fis,hback was Arbucklc
room nste during the period referred
to in the trial. He denied that Miss
Rappe. complained OF pain after suf
fering the injuries and said he had
been rnisluotcd in "a statement ne
made TO tho district attorney In which
II. was quoted as saying Miss Rappe
appeared to he in agony.
Fischhack said ho was out on an
automobiis drive during the period the
party was in progress and found Miss
Rappc on a bed in Arbucklo'x room on
his return.
Dr. Collins testified regarding blad-
dor rupturos IT was an injury OF TINS
order that caused Miss Eappcs dca'h
and the prosecution contends that Ar
buckle caused IL by external force. pr.
Collins cited n numh.r of causes which
might produce rupture of the bad
der withou, external force being ap-
piled hut said they all were rare. br'
olaV Naarbcc. called by the defense.
testified shat he attended Mtss Eappe
after tho party and found her suffer-
ing no pain.
Pueblo chieftain., 1921-11-24
BANKERS MEET TO CONSIDER
LOANS TOLIVESTOCK GROWERS

Money will soon he available to the
stockmcn and farmers in unlimited
quantities IL the Livestock Finance
corporation OF Colorado. which is now
being formed thruout the state. Is
given tho aid sought from the banks.
according to proposition placcd before
tho representa- tivSs of all tho banks.
and County Farm Bureau in tho Com
mercc club rooms last night by Gordon
Hollis. president of the Groves Ma
tional bank of Denver.
The aid wanted from the banks "
four or five per cent Of their capital
stocks placed at tho disposal of the
Livestock corporation as an inter
medisry between the borrower and
tho government, wh.>, has three bill
lions OF dollars TO loan. The banks
are asked TO support the formation OF
the Stats Loan agency which will
raise a half million dollars capital In
Colorado to make possible federal
loan thru the War Finance corpora
tion of five million.
Tho value to the stockmen Is uncsl-
cuable loans. II is said, as the stock
men will then be able to secure snif-
ficicnt funds to hold their stock for a
higher market which like corporations
have accomplished In other states. II
Is claimed. and to make use OF the
vast ranges OF feed going to waste by
supplying the money with which to
buy stock. Tho consequent benefit to
tho rest OF tho community would in
evitsbly follow, II was declared as
the merchants. business men In ysri-
cus lines. aud ultimately the banks
would reap tho profit of the large sum
Pueblo chieftain., 1921-11-24

>. Portland. Orc. Nov. 20. Strict en-
forccment OF prohibition laws and leg
isiation restricting Immigration TO per-
sons who declared their Intention 10
become citizens ARE recommended In
resolutions adopted today by the Ma
tional Grange In annual session hero:
Extension OF time for completion OF
payments OF settlcrs on government
recla nation projects from 20 TO 30
years was suggested In another resolu-
ton
Another resolution. included: ''op-
posing any form OF sales, tax, con-
sumption tnx or turnover tax.
d. FascrioS enactment OF state income
taSes.
Recommending passage OF the Cap
per Tincher bill amending the Sher-
man antitrust law to permit farm or
gsnizstions TO market tho products
collectively.
Commencing tho work OF the fed
cral trade commission.
Urging nll possibi" publicity aud
study OF the vnluc of birds a. insect
destroycrs.