davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30
Three IRE Killed IN
accident at Rochester

International News Service.
ROCHESTER, Ind March 2s-
John Highway. his wife and daugh-
ter were killed instantly at noon to-
day when their automobile was
struck by a Winona Electric line in
terurban ear two miles north OF
Akron. Ind. NIr. Highway was SUI
perintendent OF the Macy Ind.
schools
An abrupt turn iu the road az the
railroad crossing is said 20 have pre-
vented "a clear view of the tracks.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30
C0lef and BeyIer Talk
Before University Club

The University club held the
weekly luncheon Tuesday I'm the In
diana club building After the din
nor regular business matters were
discussed and special committeeman
save their reports. otto Beyler and
IS. r. Calcf were called upon for in
formal talks and each responded
with interesting and numerous ex-
perIences they had enjoyed IN the
state legislature.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30
PETTINGILL TO BRAVE
LIONS ROAR FOR TALK

The second gathering of the new
IS formed Lions Club viii be cele-
brated this noon az 1915 o'clock
with a luncheon in the Lions jun
Ele the Pink Room of the oliver
hotel Hon. samuel b. Petdngill
viii address the gathering James
z. Cover viii lead the singing.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30

G. r. Greswicb. formerly assist
ant traffic manager for the Oliver
Chilled Plcw Co, has accepted the
office Of secretary Of the Dubuque
shippers association. His duties in
that position begin April LIST.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30

nE ArenNlUfffI Irere-
INDIANAPOLIS. March IS
Cos. MeCray Tuesday issued a proc
lamailon declaring saturday Amer
lcanism day lu Indiana. The
proclamation urges cooperation OF
every citizen with the American
Legion IA patriotic celebrations
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30

Church supper at St. PauTs NJ. f.
church. Thursday evening. March
81. $3.50 TO 1880. Tickets. 90
cents. 9SG7-3I.-Adv't
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30

One-third OF the United states has
been covered by soil surveys made
by the bureau OF soils.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30
OPENS FINAL WEEK
or REVIVAL HERE

Totallng SO accessions made dur
ing the three weeks of evangelistic
services held at the SLull Memorial
~ T. >church. DR.. John Z. Hewson
of indianapolis opened his final week
of special services Monday evening
at the church.
The meetings viii close with an
au-day meeting at the church next
sunday.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30
BLAME ILLICIT
FIREWORKS FOR
Big EXPLOSION
Say Unlawful Storage of Fire
works Cause of Big
Chicago Blast.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONEl
Wrights A calibre revolver, al Of
which r--- Lrrrnduced In eHidence.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-30

bodies We're so badly mangled as 10
L.t unrec nr-niZl Z L.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Hamilton, of Niles, has returned 10
his home in this city, retiring to
private life on March 4. lie retires
voluntarily. with the respect or love
of all parties in his section of the
state.
During his period in the house
Congressman Hamilton has sat I'M
der the speakerships of Reed. Can
non, Henderson, Clark and Gillette.
He rose to the position on territories
at a time when Oklahoma. New
Mexico and Arizona were clamoring
for statehood. He was the author
Of the enabling acts by which they
were admitted to the union. He
played a prominent part i'm organic
ing Hawaii as a territory. in giving
a stable government to Porto Rico,
and it is said he knows the geog-
raphy of Alaska better than he does
Michigan.
He had the habit of making 2
deep study of the big questions com
ing before congress- taking months
10 prepare and then making one
scholarly, epigramatic speech. When
he talked in the house. the galleries
were filled and he has always been
In demand as stump speaker
Congressman Hamilton has desir-
ed TO quit public life ever since the
death Of his wife five years ago. 1t
is stated on good authority that if
he had consented to reelection. he
would have been chairman Of the
interstate commerce committee in
the next house
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
SOCIETY SNOBS"
BIG FEATURE AT
CASTLE THEATER

Conway Tearle, Martha Mansfield,
Mary Miles Mir,er. Jack Holt. and
Bebe Daniels are included in the in
comparable list OF stars that arc to
be shown at the Castle the first part
Of this week. Mr.. Tearle. VINO Clara
KimbaIl Young said is the most per-
feet lover Of the screen, is the feat
ured player I'm today's attraction,
Society Snobs." I'm which ne is sup
ported BY beautiful Miss Mansfield.
known as the magazine cover" girl
She has been seen here with John
Barrymore I'm CDR. Jokyll and Mr..
Hyde" and with Thomas Meighan i'm
CIVILIAN Clothes" Mary Miles Mintcr
has the strongest role in her career, a
dual part, in "A1 Souls Eve with
Jack Holt billed as her leading
man. Bebe Daniels loans her black
eyes and her great comedy ability
to "She Couldn't Help It." a drama
tization Of the well known novel.
"In The Bishops Carriage" All
three Of these great features are
brand new releases, being shown in
South Bend before the great cities
get them.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
DRASTIC CHANGES IN
1921 JEWELRY STYLES

Brooch-pendants are to appear in
1921 in new guises. Some of these
are for day time wear while others
have been designed distinctly for the
evening. AS a general rule the
blCoch-pendant Intended for the day
time is rather smaller and less Ella
borate than those for the evening.
The new set of opera jewels is sure
to include one of these new brooch
pendants The handsomest among
new designs look their best when
worn with the long or short pearl
necklaces, when they take the place
OF tho more usual necklace pend
ants.
Irregular shaped finger rings lend
variety to the ring quota for the
year. These are formed in a variety
O. ways. the principal arrangements
being those having the gems either
placed below the ring circle or in
exactly the opposite position high
above the band; they come with the
gems at acute angles diagonally
across the ring circle while for the
little finger and the index finger
ring the gems slant below the ring
band to conform TO the shape of the
hand
Loop bracelets or bracelets
formed of strands of pearls or
linked faceted gems are used on
either the lower or upper arm alone
or with bracelets or bangles and the
fashion is one that has met with
marked approval. These informal
bracelet designs are to be brought
out for the winter of 1921 with n
greater variety OF gem setting than
is seen I'm this bracelet form at the
present time.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

The secretary has been instructed
to ascertain just what legal action
is necessary in order to bring the
matter before the voters.
George Schrumpf. 11O4 Lake ST.,
who has been in the employ OF the
Michigan Central Railway company
for more than 80 years. will sue
coed Henry Kaiser, deceased. as the
section foreman in the local yards.
He will be in charge of three sec
tions.
Mr.. and Mrs. Warren Nichols
Marguerite Hagedorne) sos Fifth
St, arc parents Of a daughter. Jane.
born at st. Joseph's hospital in
South Bend.
H f. Powell, local Studebakor
dealer, has established a branch
agency at Warsaw, Ind
Frank Iamberton has purchased
the Hunter farm at Barron lake,
tract Of 40 acres. with good
buildings and in a high state Of Gull
tivation, for S21, 900. All stock on
the place. including horses, hogs
and cattle, were included.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde Coon arc the
parents OF a daughter, Doris Elaine,
born March ..
]. A. Chamberlain has sold his
bakery TO J. NJ. Schleicher, who at
present is in charge of the Federal
bakeries at South Bend and Elk
hart. Mr.. Schleicher Will take pos
session on March Is.
New furniture of oak. upholster-
ed in leather, has been received by
the Niles lodge OF Elks. The equip
ment includes chairs and stands,
several davenports. an altar, and
desk. A new Edison has also been
placed in the temple.
George Hildebidle has just COM
Lleted the work OF installing a new
heating and plumbing plant in the
factory building of Engman and
Matthews, manufacturers of MALE
able steel ranges, at Goshen.
After a career OF substantial
achievement covering a quater OF a
century in the house OF representa-
tives. Congressman Edward Larue
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
MACK SENNETT'S
STARS PLAYING AT
LASALLE THEATER

Mack Sennett's masterpiece, "a
Small Town Idol" which is to start
a five day South Pend run at the
LaSaile tomorrow, is beng c:assed
everywhere as absolutely tho most
elarC:otr screen entertainment ever
-. rcd FOR amusement purposes
only
BEADING the cast in it are a num-
Der Of the best known Seonett stars.
including Ben Turpin Phyllis
Haver, Marie Provost, Charlie Muir
ray, Louise Fazenda and jim Tin
layson. Surrounding these are Coz-
ems of other mirth creators and full
~ 1000 Of the most beautiful, Sen
nett girls that could be found. Mack
Sennett is the only director who has
won outstanding fame for his com
edies and ranking high among the
stars he has created are the ones
being shown in this feature, as are
Charlie Chaplin. Fatty Arbuckie.
Mabel Norman, Buster Keaton and
many others.
II was foeuleLL WHO maze Iltlle
Punctured Romance" and Mickey
and now he has surpassed all his
former efforts. "A Small Town
Idol' is an Associated Producers
picture. the first one Sennett has
made for his own company, and
therefore far better than his earlier
ones released through First Ma
tiOnal and other companies. Be
sides the high comedy, the film con-
tains enough melodrama for the
most exciting serial and more beau
" and splendor than can be found
in most uper-productions OF the
secrious screen. Today the I4aSalle
is showing Mary Miles Minter and
Jack Holt In All Souls Eve" their
latest picture.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
MAMMALS AFFAIR
SCORES BIG HIT
AT BLACKSTONE

Winsome Constance Talmadge,
who recently returned from a three
months vacation in Spain. England.
Switzerland and France. has a
splendid opportunity TO wear many
Of the beautiful clothes she has
brought back from the foreign
lands. in her latest picture,
Mammals Affair" which scored a
big hit when first shown TO the
South Bend public Sunday at the
Blackstone theater.
Miss Talmadge secured her gowns
from LAWN. Worth, Nine. Crult and
other fashionable coutourieres. The
picture which Miss Talmadge is APP
pearing in at the Blackstone thea
tea. Mammals Affair" has been
adapted for screen purposes from
Rachel Barton Buffers well known
Harvard college prize contest play,
by John Emerson and Anita Loos,
and is directed by Victor Fleming.
who has recently been directing
Douglas Fairbanks. A cast Of eX-
ceptional prominence has been en-
gagged, including Effie Shannon,
Kenneth Harlan. Katherine Kael-
REQ, George lie Guere and Gertrude
lie Brandt, who. with the deception
Of Kenneth Harlan. are seen in the
same roles which they enacted on
the speaking stage.
a very striking instance of a pro
ducer's zeal TO give a screen pro-
duction not only elaborateness OF
scope. but players in the leading
roles, who were long identified with
the stage career of the piece, is
demonstrated by JOSEPH NJ. Schenck
in this elaborate production, which
can be seen at the Blackstone the
alter today and Tuesday.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Several shoe statesmen, advertising
solicitors and other pests were seen
10 land In a heap in front Of the
W. L. Douglas shoe store Friday
afternoon. II was later found that
the foregoing individuals interrupted
Lester HIrwich and his (no) &C
countant Dave Bray, while they
were attempting 70 make out the
income Tux report for the big shoe
store.
Hon. MIR. Ward. OF the Ward &
Lewis store, has devised a new man
ner Of giving the items for advertis-
ing copy to his capable adjuant
Francis ]. Vogt. Adjuant Vogt sits
at his large desk with a well sharp
ened lead pencil in hand while the
amiable Mr.. Ward sings out SIXTY
MN ENTS. EIGHTY-FTVE-
CENTS and numerous other cut rate
prices. which the fast working ad-
juant rapidly shapes in the form of
huge advertisement.
In order that Matt Golden can
have moro time to devote to his
lodge and other fraternal organiza-
tions he is giving two pairs Of pants
with each suit so that the customers
will not call so often at his big white
tailor shop for new clothes.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
MONEY CHANGERS
SCORES Big HIT
AT AUDITORIUM

Love high finance. together with
big business and adventure and the
scintillant splendor Of New York's
highest society intrigued with her
mysterious. submerged. little known
Oriental underworld bizarre
vronder-world concealed behind
brick walls and chop suey palaces,
are the elements that build The
Money Changers" now showing at
the Auditorium. today and tomor-
row. Enacted by such favorite8 as
Robert McKim, Roy Stewart. and
Claire Adams. 10 is said TO be the
most sensational picture OF the year.
THE Son OF Tarzan." the most
amazing jungle serial story that was
ever screened is due at the AuditO-
rum. following Ruth Of the Rockies.
which ends Friday. March IS and
continuing for fifteen weeks. The
serial was written by Edgar Rice
Burroughs. creator Of the other Tar
Ean series. which insures its great
ness in every respect. A special
cast has been selected TO enact this
wonder serial story and includes,
Karla Schramm. who starred in THE
Revenge OF Tarzan." Gordon Crit
fifth. and r. Dempsey Tabler. who
starred in quite a few Thos. Ince
Triangle pictures. and is entrusted
with the role OF Tarzan in the "Son
OF Tarzan." The director Harry Re
vier, who directed THE Revenge
OF Tarzan," and a number OF other
screen successes. has had under his
guiding hand many film celebrities
including Alice Brady. Lillian Wal
ker, Willard Mack, and Nine. Petro-
va the latter making eight pictures
under his direction.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
Store NeUS

Dave Brazzy, bookkeeper at the
W. L. Douglas shoe store, was In
Chicago during the past week.
Mrs. Florence Loller, who has
been instrumental in the starting of
the Blackstone Shop, returned TO
her home in Hammond Saturday.
Miss Clara Claybour is now con
nected with Bertrand's Blackstone
BOotery.
c. +. Berkson. manager of the
Blackstone theater, was in Chicago
Friday.
Matt Golden, tailor, was out OF
the city Thursday.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
Studio Shots

Maurice Mike. violinlst, has been
engaged at the Fox studios in New
York. His playing is to help the
stars "emote."
Tom Moore's stop Thief" has
been commended by Good Words, -
the paper published by convicts IN
Atlanta penitentiary.
Bare Knucl1les' is the title OF
William Russelrs next rugged ro-
nance.
Production OF Cecil DeMille's AZ
fairs Of AnatOl' is completed and
the film is being edited and titled.
Ethel Clayton is the widow OF
Joseph Kaufman, director, who died
a year ago.
Harry e. Myers. Pauline Starke,
and Rosemary Theby head the cast
of "A Connecticut Yankee at King
Arthurs Court" film version Of the
Mark Twain story.
Philadelphia exhibitors have been
called into conference by Mayor
Moore to establish a theater cen
sorship. Quaker City ministers re-
quested the move.
Hurry Slowly" Is the name OF a
new Ford weekly. It's safety first
propa ganda.
The Greater Claim" starring
Alice Lake. is ready for release.
w. X. Ziegfeld's first movie is
completed Il is The Black Pan
TIERS Cub" and stars Florence
Reed. W. X. is a brother Of Flo.
I am the Woman" Louise Giaum
II am the Woman" Louise
Glaum is. Her next vamp film.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
NILES.

4 resolution endorsing the city
form OF government and recon-
mending that the city council take
such steps as are necessary TO bring
the matter OF revising the present
city charter before the voters at
the spring election has been passed
by the Niles chamber Of commerce.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
The ahove IS a flashlight of

The above Is a fIashlight or O. +.
Brockett, manager of Berland's
Blackstone Bootery, making a hasty
trip TO the bank. Mr.. Brockett re-
ports that since moving TO a ground
floor location in the Blackstone the
alter building his cash register is not
large enough to hold the entire days
receipts which makes Il necessary
for him to visit the bank several
times during the day.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
Movie District Chatter
By the Observer

be threatened by an other large fire
recently when the west side OF the
street was suddenly aglare. The fire
rumor, however, proved TO be false
as upon investigation is was found
the glare was caused by c. B. Steed
filling his windows with the latest
spring hats for men.
The large number of boys going TO
the third floor Of tho MercantS
Bank building after school each day
caused a number of people 10 Won
der whether or not the Y VI. G. A.
had moved its quarters. The rumor
proved TO be false as the boys are
aspiring young musicians who are
going TO the Fay F. Bloss music stu
do for instruction.
When interviewed recently upon
the subject OF matrimony, Harry
EastOn, assistant manager of the
Auditorium theater, turned his eyes
towards the income tax blank that
laid on his desk and stated. my only
regret is, that did not get married
sooner"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

The Observer has observed many
different types Of insurance sales
men but DR.. Hyman Lemontree leads
the entire field. The well known eye
doctor gently Knocked the glasses
from the nose of the Observer allow
ing the lenses to be scattered IN
many pieces over the broad and
ample sidewalk. "Oh, L beg your
pardon" exclaimed the doctor and
salesman as he handed the following
business card to us which read: en-
sure your eye glasses with the Ma
tional Optical Service Corp, DR. Hy-
man Lemontree, sole agent for
South Bend territory"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Ostrich skins are being shipped in
large numbers from South Africa to
Boston to be made into women's
shoes.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

The above oil painting comes from
the brush of the wealthy theater
owner Ezra Rhoades. II is the hope
OF Mr.. Rhoades that the slogan on
the painting be the uppermost
thought daily in every home in
South Bend, Mishawaka and Elk
hart to say nothing of Michigan
City.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

The Swiss federation of manufac-
turers has decided to reduce the
price of paper so per cent.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Mexico, which for many years ex-
ported livestock to the United States
is now buying meat in American
markets.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Japanese-made matches in boxes
bearing Swedish labels can no longer
be imported into this country.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

At Title Brothers Market, Tues
day and Wednesday:
Fresh White Fish ....2O c
Boiling Beef &C
4Oc Can OF Salmon .........31c
Loin Mutton CHOPS Use
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

II. Alberts. of the Little Folks
Shop, is so busy Quitting the va
rious youngsters in South Bend that
he can be seen most any time of
the day rushing out of his store with
an arm load of blankets, cabs, dolls
toys and etc.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

After IN extended absence Dan
Friesem. of the Economy depart
ments, is again in his store. 1t is
rumored that Dan is back i'm the city
boarding sufficient money so he can
soon resume his favorite pastimc Of
riding the trains.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07
BRIEF NEWS OF THE DISTRICT.

After an absence of 10 days due
to sickness, Bill Williams, the whirl-
wind copy writer at the Blackstone
Theater. is back on the job. Mr..
Williams reports that having re-
gained his health he is ready to
take on any and all advertising soli-
citors.
J. McCartan, of Butler, Pa. is a
new figure around the Piggiy-Wiggly
office. This makes the third Nc. on
the big office force of the local Pig
gly-Wiggly stores.
81 Bray. the trusty trapper en-
ployed by II. Greenblatt, furrier.
spent an afternoon inspection a
large number of skunks. It was
only after the board OF health
found out that the animals were
killed previous to the inspection that
Mr.. Bray was allowed to run at
large.
The Movie District was thought to
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Al little Brothers Market Tues
day and Wednesday:
Fresh White Fish ........-.'-..2O zoe
Boiling Beef OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. &c
4Oc Can Of Salmon ...........S1c
Loin Mutton ChOIs ....-.--...1Sc
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

Maurice Mike. violinlst. has been
enga Ged at the Fox studios in New
York. His playing is to help the
stars "emote."
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1921-03-07

The Movie District was thought to
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1921-12-23
ELKS TOCARE FOR
MANY ANTILLES
Raise SIPS Christmas Charity
Fund To Be Dispensed BY
Committee

A fund of about $125 is being dis
pensed to charity this. weekend by
committee of Elks, representing
the local lodge of that order. The
Elks lodge is primarily a charitable
organization, and each year it de-
votes considerable attention to max
ing dnfortunateS happy and comfort
able. This year the lodge donated
$50 out Of its treasury and $75 was
raised from among the membership,
and at the regular meeting this week
Exalted Ruler Gaines named COM
mittee consisting of John Wagnon,
DR.. II. b. Allen and Rev. j. B. Law
renee to apply the money to the best
advantage This committee has con-
suited with Capt Knox, of the Sal
walton Army. and Mrs. c. j. Sher-
lock, of the Associated Charities and
secured the assignment of a number
of families who will be cared for
by them on Christmas morning.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1921-12-23
KIWANIS SSANTA
HANDSOUT GIFTS
Club Members All Remembered
At Luncheon-Gift To Empty
Stocking Fund Split

A Christmas tree, upon which was
a gift for every member and the en-
tertainers, was the feature of the
Kiwanis luncheon at noon today at
the Windsor. The committee ar
ranging the program was Stephen
Pace, J. M. Bryan and James Lott.
Mr.. Lott officiated as Santa Claus in
the regulation regalia.
Preceding the distribution of gifts
the club voted to divide its contribu-
tion of last week to the Empty
Stocking Fund equally between the
Associated Charities and the Saliva
tion Army This action came as a
result of the published announcement
earlier in the week that all the fund
would go to the Associated Charities
unless otherwise directed and the un-
derstanding of some that the fund
was to be split this year as last.
Among the gifts, all of which were
toys, were:
Gene Bailey, nursing bottle; w. T..
Lane, doughface; r. L. Edwards
washboard; Hollis Fort, tiny jug la
belled Shine; John Ansley, sand
bucket and shovel; Nathan Murray,
pie; Judge Littlejohn, music box;
Miss Susie Stalings, Mother Goose
book; Mrs. Will Dudley, purse; Miss
Melva Clark mouth harp; Alton
Cogdell, face mirror; Emory Rylan-
der, and DIR. Thad Wise, masks; Elmo
Poole, fine-tooth comb; Chas. U. Rog-
ers, nipple; G. U, Barefeld, wash.
board; G. M. Hale, jumpink jack; H.
B. Mashburn cut-out dolls; Rev.
Guyton Fisher, corkcsrew; Jack
Hoist, tin sword; George o. Mar
shall, twin doll babies; Arthur Mize,
water pistol; Mayor Sheppard, horn;
DR.. Carl w. Minor, pair of dice; Lee
Hudson, stick of candy; Stephen
Pace bubble blower; Evan Mathis,
baby rattle; Drs c. 2. Davis, pair
steel pliers,