davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-01-09

be for the purpose Of electing delegates to
State convention.
"The candidates for delegate would sign
a statement that they were not pledged to
any candidate for ofilce, but would go to
the convention determined to use their best
judgment in selecting the best and most
competent candidates. The nominations
would, of course, be made by the conven-
ton.
There is no reason why this system
should not be extended to the selection of
the Presidential electors to represent the
different parties and who would. upon their
election, get together and choose the best
available man for President
Should Provide Estimates of
Revenue and Expenditures
ut is a popular thing Just now to talk
about a budget system for the Government,
but few persons who talk about 1t know
what budget system really is. 1t simply
sounds good to talk about. Any budget sys-
tenn worth while should provide estimates
of revenue and expenditures for. at least
five years.
"One Of the troubles about the United
States Government Is that the executive
branch grows and grows There is no doubt
about there being much duplication of work.
If you get into a subject you don't know
where to 90 to get the information. II you
are hunting ramrod you are just as likely
to find It In the Department Of Agriculture
as anywhere else.
"One of the difficulties experienced when
1t comes to cutting down expense is that
every Government employee has twenty
influence to keep him on the job. 1t Is only
natural, therefore, that they bring pressure
to bear on members Of Congress for their
retention II It Is announced that a clerk is
to be dropped the member of the Senate or
House, on hearing from the folks back
home. hurry up to the department chief
and ind out about 1t. Don't fire Bill
Smith, they say; fire somebody else
Absence of Public Land IN
Missouri Nears Twentieth Year
"A typical instance of this is the story
of the Land Office at Springfield. Mo. Now
there hasn't been piece of public land in
Missouri for almost twenty years. The late
Senator Stone prevented its being abolished
soon after came here, and do you know
that II was Ave years before the Office had
been done away with7 The Republicans
had been holding It az patronage and the
Democrats wanted to hold 1t as patronage.
too.
when was Governor Of Indiana ws
establiahsd what wls known 40 the State
Board Of Accounts, and it's JOB was to put
into effect In the different State Offices a
uniform system of bookkeeping. The board
was to examine the accounts Of each OF the
The New York herald., 1921-01-09

Form Especially the Vote Confidence
System Is Breaking Down Single
Modification the Primary Plan and Emphasizes the Need Of Budget
Deplores Power Duplication
Work, Full Eight Hour Day With
Wedding Out Of Incompeens bya Supreme Board
The New York herald., 1921-01-09
Many improvements in Our Government Needed,
Says Vice. President Marshall, Critical Observe

Thomas Riley Marshall of Indiana retiring cePesden
definite opinions about methods of government
after eight of close and who does hesitate
press himself about possible changes.
The New York herald., 1921-01-09
Does Not Believe in Place
in the Presidents Cabinet

IN the PTeSfdentS Cabinet
what is your conception Of the duty Of
the vice-PresidentT' asked.
ITO preside in the Senate and to be the
pinch hitter for the Administration" Mr.
Marshall said promptly. I'm not in SYM
pathy with Senator Harding's idea Of hav-
ing the vicePresident attend the Cabinet
meetings There are several reasons. Either
a vice-President is capable of being Presi-
dent If occasion demands or he is not There
would be nothing quite so pitiful and 80
dangerous as a Vice-President on becoming
President, trying to carry out the policies
Of the man he succeeded He ought to
have ideas Of his own and be able to put
them into force, unhampered.
Another thing. In q Cabinet session a
vice-President. IL there would be aly ex-
cuse for his attending. would present his
ideas as to how a situation were to be met
His ideas might, or might not be accepted
If they were not accepted then his useful
ness as a defender Of the Administration
would be destroyed.
II believe the vice-President Is able to
do much good around the country explain
ing and defending the Administration. This
he would be unable to do whoieheartedly
IL he had been invited to offer q suggestion
and It had been rejected. He would have
no heart to defend the policy which finally
was adopted and which needed defenca
II do not believe the people Of tho coun-
try have been Just at all times 20 tho Presi-
dent, Mr.. Wilson. believe that no was
forced into the war by public. sentiment.
when the European war Game the Pres
ident issued a proclamation of neutrality,
and believe am the only living man who
observed It literally. Before many months
had passed the country was nine-tenths for
the Allies.
''That idea spread into Germany. It was
then that Germany committed the offences
that drove us into the war. Had the neu.
trality proclamation been adhered to the
situation we have to-day would not have
been"
The New York herald., 1921-01-09

State of1cers who dealt with fiscal affairs,
checking them up each year. The first year
that the board was on the Job 1t saved $685.
600 for the people OF Indiana simply in the
matter of supplies for the schools
''It seems to me that something of that
sort should be established for the Federal
Government. The only trouble would be
that it would mean the creation of another
bureau. I'm so tired of seeing bills intro
duced for the creation Of a new bureau
that I'd love to see one for a chiffonier.
Clerks as Fixtures WastefuI
and Should Do Days Work
"Such board ought to have the power
to reorganize the work of the executive de-
partments and discharge clerks. 1t should
have the last word in discharging clerks
and there should be no appeal This thing
of allowing a Government clerk to become
fixture should be stopped. 1t is tre-
mendous waste. One Of the things that
ought to be done at once would be to have
the clerks work eight instead Of seven hours
a day. Then right at once we could get
along with one-eighth less clerks"
do you think there Is any chance of
such a board being established to reorgan-
ize the executive departments" I asked
NO. Mr.. Marshall replied, "and there
probably will not be until the Government
gets so hard up that we cannot squeeze an
other dollar out of the people In the way
Of taxea"
do you think, there Is much waste In the
appropriation bills for rivers and harbors,
post of3ces and the like?"
WELL" continued the vice-President,
there is no sense in every town In the
country having post Office. There are towns
OF 300 or 400 which have them and towns
nf 10000 which have not. mean post Of
fee buildings. In many instances It Is
cheaper for the Government to rent quar-
ters for post Office purposes.
They have been using the argument
that post Office served patriotic purpose,
that to have an American dag at the top In
creased the public patriotism. think there
is nothing In such an argument Ny expe-
rience has been that some Of the most dis
loyal persons during the war we're those
who went around with American nags In
their buttonholeA
Has the Greatest Faith in the
Integrity of Army Engineers
II have the greatest confidence in the In
tegrity Of the army engineers. and think
that such sums as are appropriated for
river and harbor improvements should be
as lump sum- The engineers then should
use their discretion as to what should and
what should not be. improved. It is good
thing, Of course, to have waterways for
commerce. On the other hand, pork bar
rel items for the improvement Of useless
creeks ought to be stopped"
The New York herald., 1921-01-09
Speaks His Mind Very Freely.
Willing to Share Observation

Mr.. Marshall IS about to leave Washing
ton, giving way to the change Of admins
tration on March 4. So, upon the eve Of
his departure, before the actual packing of
his trunk begins, I sought his opinions as
those Of a man who asks nothing in poll.
tics and who, for. the good It will do us in
these days Of national discomfort, is willing
to pass along the results Of his broad ex-
perience.
found Mr.. Marshall behind his desk in
the Senate Once Building, a man small Of
stature, alert full to the brim with native
Hoosier wit, forceful and worth hearing.
In the hour we had together Mr.. Marshall
talked of number Of things, all pertaining
to government. And 80, as he spoke to
me. set 1t down for you:
"My association in Washington has been
most pleasant" Mr.. Marshall began, "and
of course do not wish to be critical. At
the same time It Il obvious that many
things are wrong with our system of gov
ernment which could, and should, be cor
rected. 1 am old fashioned In many ways
and it may be my opinions will not strike
popular chord.
ITO begin with, we have gotten away en-
tirely from our original idea Of representa-
tive government. 1t never was intended that
this should be pure democracy. The
fathers who established the system be-
lieved 1t best to delegate the power of the
Government 80 those who we're best fitted
to exercise It.
"If you have something wrong inside Of
you you send for doctor, not plumber;
If you want to build house you hire an
architect. There are In this country, un-
questionably, men far better fitted to deal
with governmental affairs than others; this
fact should be accepted.
The New York herald., 1921-01-09

cent The Kaiser had 100000 men under
arms and was building an immense navy
The Socialists were gaining in power, and
one of their strongest and most popular pol
icies was disarmament. The Socialists
were becoming menace to the Kaiser. He
saw 1t coming and did not intend to let
them topple him off the throne. He had to
go to war in order to justify the huge ex-
penditures for armament. He wanted to
go to war with some nation he could lick
and 1t was from this that saw the war
coming"
The New York herald., 1921-01-09
Length of Service an Asset
for Members of Both House

$50 far as the Senate and the House are
concerned, II seems to me that length Of
service Is an asset to the country. Men
who devote themselves over a long period
Of legislative service to study of govern
mental affairs naturally are superior to
those with less experience.
There Is much fault in the primary sys-
TEN. have been opposed to It for long
time on the ground that It opened the way
for public Office to only two groups Of men.
First those who we're sufficiently rich to
make the race on their own account, and.
second, those who did not have the means
themselves but the friends who did, and
who were willing to put up the money re-
quired for such a campaign. In either case.
of course, 1t restricts the group which 10
available for public Office; In the case of
men whose friends supply the necessary
money for an expensive campaign, they nat
urally are under obligations to those
friends, a thing not good for government"
would you." asked, abolish the pri-
mary system?"
II would advocate an intermediate sys-
tenn" replied Mr.. Marshall, zone which
would do away with the often unjust clamor
about the political boss. It could be ac-
complished by holding an optional primary,
to be arranged upon the demand Of any
twenty 1--we citizens Of county. This would
The New York herald., 1921-01-09
By DONALD M'GRECoR.'
NEW York HERALD BUREAU,

WASHINGTON, d. c., Jan. g.
tn HOMAS RILEY MARSHALL has
been vice-President of the United
States for almost eight years
through period equally as vital, If not
more so, than at any other of similar length
In American history.
They have been eight crowded years of
war. Of international readjustment Of tick
lish domestic problems. They have been
eight years of governmental innovations,
sometimes revolutionary in their concep-
ton; eight desperate years Of meeting
emergencies that shook the very founda-
tions of our national life.
Throughout this period Mr.. Marshall, as
the presiding officer Of the United States
Senate, has been powerful force in the
solution Of these mighty questions. Most Of
the time, gavel in hand, he has sat back and
listened, quietly exercising his influence
here and there when occasion required.
And at the same time he has gathered
some definite opinions as to our method of
government. The views are not all compli-
mentary. but they are sincere and filed
with common sense.
On the rostrum in the Senate Mr.. Mar
shall, keen, observing and student of
men, has had an opportunity to watch the
giant Government machine go numbering
along and to- take notes on the conduct of
those assigned as engineers and firemen.
He has had in a way, an exclusive reserved
seat.
The New York herald., 1921-01-09

early Presidents were named. The Presi-
Dental primaries we have now mean moth
ing at all; there is much foolshness about
our national political conventions; there Is
much evil in the customary Presidential
campaigns as we have established them.
"What this country ought to do would be
to select the best possible men as electors,
following out the system which now Is in
force, and then send them to Washington
to choose the President These men, chosen
by the people in consideration Of their spe-
cial fitness for the duty, and in respect to
the parties and policies for which they
stood, could be relied upon to vote for the
best qualified men to head the Government.
ut may not be generally realized, but
the truth is that with the present method
there is nothing to prevent a duly chosen
elector from voting for anybody he chooses
for President. We say that Senator Har-
ding has been elected President All right,
when it comes to the Electoral College
there would be nothing in the world to pre-
vent one of the electors from voting for some
other man, or all of them for that matter.
They could name, for instance, Gen. Wood,
and the people could do nothing about It
except swear at the electors.
The New York herald., 1921-01-09
'elieves That Only Handful
of People Read Platform

Believes That Only a Handful
of People Read Platform
II have serious doubt If more than a
handful Of people In the United States have
read the platforms Of the two chief politi-
cal parties adopted at their national con-
ventions. They were long and tedious and
devised to get votes. It took me two and
three-quarter hours to read the Democratic
platform at San Francisco. The platforms
mean nothing, and the nomination of a
candidate as the party leader merely tends
to bring personalities into the campaign.
"This nation is breaking down its Presi
dents. 1t will continue to break them down
so long as the present system exists. The
fault Is with the demand that the Presi-
dent be the leader of the party as we'll as
the Chief Executive Of the country Every
time somebody or some group wants some
thing he or they wire or write to bring
pressure to bear, and then II It doesn't ma
terialize the President Is blamed
I'm my judgment there should be single
term for Presidents say six years, which
would at In better with our scheme of elec-
,tions, rather than a seven year term, as
advocated by some. Presidents, after all,
are human, and while could not truthfully
say that I believed that any Presiden-
tial action had been Influenced by politics,
It is only fair that that consideration be
removed. It would, feel, make a Presi-
dent at least feel freer in the performance
of his dutv
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07
Four O'clock Dinner.

Thursday afternoon Jan. 50 h
1920 Mr.. and Mrs. Noah Broyles
OF 9th and Pearl streets gave a
four 0 clock dinnsr in honor OF her
sisters Mesdames Gertrude Harris.
Of East St. Louis and Gadie
Grimes OF Clifton. Tenn. who were
visiting them. This was quite a
swell affair. and many OF their
friends and neighbors were present
Everything oil the season was
spread upon the table and enjoy
ed themselves 70 The highest, the
hostess Is a spiend d cuok and en-
tertainer.
My God bless them turnout the
year Is or wish
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07
Houses Robbed

Several houses in Metropol bis
have been robbed this week it is
reported as many as % were en-
tered Monday night and money
and watches stolen. Tie blood
hound was brought to the city
Tuesday from Msyfeld. KY and
placed on the trail but we have
Il learned whether the authori-
ties have any evidence as to the
gully parties or no:
1t IS frankly and openly stated
that the crimes are committed by
home people, and no Negroes are
guilty.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07
Satisfaction or money Refunded
Joppa

This was our pastor Rev. { w
Coles regular day, but he vas all
sent. Rsv 4. ]. Hester, Of this
city preached two able sermons
Collection for The day vas IS 90
Our pastor Rev Gel has Written
Tor his resignation N Rlsa
Hesiben. OF paducah. ~ IS in the
city visiting her son E5die Hcslbr n
Master Walter Crisler. is III al this
writing
Gertrude Bu shanan
Reporter.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07

5 Allow rs 10 s.y that orr sunday
school IS d isg 5ne una = the / ad-
ership ot our supt W N Mack
In Ne had a iin- day and fire
services 1t = O'Clock the pas
tor preached a wonderful sermon,
.r NJ Matthew 20 -. In the ai-
ternoon we ress,tmblsd and the
pasl'f a5osia'si red the Lord 5
supper At 50 Rev. Magwood
Of Prasss. City PR aehed a srof &
sermon from Lux: loe2o.s We
had'a high day d the spirit OF
the Lord WIS 3 IT'D Us Collection
or the day foS =
Rsv ? Is French. Pas
Saliie WiIIan 5 Recorder.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07

coa,r1cn sense sac Master.
In creative ihoagni common sensk
= haG master Its sole cTiterion fo-
Judgment IS tha; pew ideas shall look
Axe old ones In other words. II can
oaly &C, by snppressins originality
A y whitehead In An Introduction
q Mathematics
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07

100 Negro Boy and Girls Wanted IS Reporters and
Agents The The largest and the best Selling
Negao Newspaper IN Southern Illinois
Agents wanted every and piiase. Liberal Iom-
mission Keep commission before sending TO CONF
pany Wti,c:or particulars il Interested
MRS. M. J. McCRhRy.
Manager oo5 Pearl 81. Metropolis. III
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1921-01-07

X y P Is French. Pas
Sslie WiiIIae 5. Recorder
Pueblo chieftain., 1921-08-04
Tax Reform and Tax EVASION

There vii never ae any genuine tsz reform 50 long
ss majority OF eanezeszme- and Isrre Pzrt Of tne
people are obsessed wIsn elusion D.
leried npoa me rieh sor the beaeat Of The poor
This deiasiou mas been growing stead- n Tinted
states FOR many years past. and It has r~arhed
stage vnere II Is lnfieting Tremendous DAMAGE uDon
nation damage that INJURIES every one, and the
pooE m0re than the rieh-
Many persons II the United States hare coae ne
ere that rieh rno has robbed the people,
Otherwise he would be Theg also believe mat
tae continued possession q wealth by soe men
sstgte manner obstacle the prosperity of
other aen and they fr-rher beiers thst when wealth
is taken away from rleh the prosperity Of poor
men rs increased proportion They ny
it would NOT be possible matter of nsnee- divide
tae otsl wealth Of the country equally. that all
would have ths amount ard rbey hold ths o-uiou
that the nation Is beuefed the derse nat the dis
tributiun Of wealth approaches equality
Becent experience. however shows very clearly that
taeze vny q is NJ. possible 70 make
ea men pay the eos-s os government vnle poor men
allowed 70 20 free of The rst reason Is
that vaoerer rays tae Tax the government IN The
me burden of tne upur al ne people In
rent N clothing In food and al tns neeessi-
ties q lie well comforts and lu1uriez, the
of living falls upon those tnst live And Il s also true
generally that indirect taxation than direct
taxation. that The ponr that second Or third
hand pays taxes thru his reh nsigo5o ms landlord
his grocer ms public utility Corporation, either
person Or agency, actually pays more taxes than he
would pay Z ae paid them direct the government
The second reason WY taxing the rich excessively
h1rr tas poor because TIE great roluras Of esual
least tas United States, used IN the operations Of
productive industry and for the luxury of the IDLE
riea. Upon wealth therefore, Is tax upon in
dustry, Only because every worker pay ms
share of the indirectly Il ne does do directly,
but also because industry whole must carry tie
load that is lsid upon esrtsl.
Il is Unqgestonsbv TIA: the present time the
great machine Of business II the United States i work
Jag badly because of the put upon wealth with
mistaken idea that the burden Of this will not fall
upon the poor.
This mistaken ses works for further EVIL IN two in
portsnt ways It greatly increases the Of govern
nen' and 1t the popular belief that there is
an ine1hausti5e reservoir of wealth from which the
Of the people may draw, by taxation and other
Pueblo chieftain., 1921-08-04

to- tne1r benefit Il generally under
stood, which the truth every dollar spent
1y government ae paid bv The peons- and mt
every person mu=t pay MS p-upo-rionz1e sna-s rhe-e
would Dc quite different zrrIuds toward many matters
cf puble interest today. and f It also under
stood winch is also tn= truth that every dollar added
rHe Of Trpduetiou uf auy arrieIs II the
end paid 5- rae Of that article, without
exemption, ennznsr large class Of industrial
problems would appear II quite different lisnt
it not claimed mere tnst the rich paving
than tnelr shsrs Of taxes, and rhs
es moderate wealth am those of scanry are
escaping with less their -gnfu share Of costs
sf sovernzeut Il tnst Is true Il Is trps only a
very limited eztent, winch Is steadily decreasing
WEst that the ee9rI 10 MAKE the rleh pay
the while the poor goes free mas been fail
ure and that as result Of tins Effort. everybody. rieh
and roor alike. Is Paying mare taxes than ne would
otherwise have TO pay, and time the Tax
Fa-lng ability Of everybody. rich and poor ahks Is
Ere1tEy dIuainlzned
Therefore, instead Of trying ind system Of taxa
-hs VII allow certain classes escape taxation.
-he efg-r should be 10 impose taxes that nav
easily be felt and easily collected. In order that
the truth suppressed may be made evident, and
that universal public sentiment may demand that gov
ernraentsI expenses shall BE- kefr rniniDuu- and
tat business shall bs left free z fun pover
Il those activities tnat necessary FOR the general
welfare.
Pueblo chieftain., 1921-08-04
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

thu rah4d dog is .lirn.1s;e1 II r.c-
or1nends licensing all dogE rnuzzlinz
~ dosa not o'1sfviss kept m resfra'-s
ard rfsio Inspection and quarantine st
borders and ports Of entry O-her
countries. -otlb,y Great Britain. have
managed 70 stamp out ths disease
Nj ~
4 u Eurooe natural c.rl.nts nrr
tsIi-d Roman c-rnsrtS and they were
first rnsngfaety-sd in ;nsiand IN 1925
b. James Pa-isr. Sftursl cern~nts
began 20 be trnu,actured IN France
,hoBt 1879. IN the United STAT us-
fgrsl cement rfsek was Uncovered Whil-
building the Erie Canal in New Y9,s
IN 1913.
Ing the pyramids the iargest stonss
a Hero5o,gE mentions a e,on. Of
go tons out OF which a temple to
Lstons vss cs-v.t sn1 pis->d n ire
city u Buto rear On. q tns mouths
o> the Nile
Q Where was joaquin Nj - b'r''
a Clncinn,-as Rein. Bii:~r. better
known a. joaquin Miller vas borl IN
va bash District - Indiana II isii-
The name of Joaquin it rrppoEs' 20
have been tsz.n from roa1uir Huriet-
"a. mexicsu bandit ~ vh>ra Niiler
Q what - m. ofher name for
PIP. q PAN L - A
The PIP of Pan wss ~siisd tie
Fyr.u1. the isEend being that the
vaf.- lymph syrin1 vas ohRrz=d 10
70 reed 20 escspe from Fsl Who
loved her H took the reed. cut ~
irtu rrven piactr of grrdusfeG icngfh.
join.o thc-n tozcfhsr and fashioned tho
lustrumsut Ehich n. csliad oy her
NJ me.
q What is tn. prooortion of soda
that should be used with sour rnils'
\ one -hsif teaspoon full of sods g
required 'or each cup o' sour milk
ufod IN cookins
. over ho~- gres, par II the
United state viii sis~kberries rrow
r e.
Som. vsrie'y or other - hisei
berry o. cultivated in al parts ~ tho
Tinted Hfat.r e1sep' IN Southern
Florida. part - Wisconsin. xinnsrots
North and soHfh Dakota. Wyoming
Colorado. Montana. srd r.chons ~
tho w.fforu tfsfss vhsr. hot dry
winds destroy the ripering fruits.