davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
SEIZE NEGRO ACCUSED
OF AIDING ESCAPE PLAN
ID equity Sheriff Foils Plot
Ha,chcd in the S,aun-
ton Jail.
Ton Jail.
Especial 10 Tho rimos-Dlapa,ch.1


STACNToN. VA. Dec. 1t.-Chnrgctl
with aiding and nhcttinE prisoners
In tho county Jail to escape. Frank
Johns"n, aged "a. II negro. was mr.
rested Ers!"rday and In now confined
In tho Stnunton hnstilc.
About ia" middle OF last month,
Deputy Sheriff Ear! Taylor noticed
that efforts were being made To raise
Tho top OF tho cage" In the jail. lie
kept his eye on this and bcfor. The
opening was large enough to permit
human body 10 pass through. he
called q halt. While no evidence of n
saw hal yet made Its appearance
Taylor thought that IL was the pris-
rners plan Ia crawl through tho
opening In the cage" or tn. large
barred enclosure which surrounds the
smaller cells. and with saws IN their
possession. cut the bars on one OF tho
windows. He demanded that the saws
I've produced. No one or tho prison
crs could recall having knowledge of
having seen any such Instrument
However. :. few days later six hack
saws We're placed in the Deputy Sher-
ms hands.
johnson had the privilege OF visit
Ing relative IN the JAIL and Satur-
day when lac made his call. he was
presented with the warrant and forccI
10 submit to being locked up. lie
denied the charge. y preliminary
hearing VIII be held this week, in
Police Court. II is stated.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12

Ship Christmas Trees
From Virginia Forests

Especial to Tho Times Dispatch
WINCHESTER. VA. Dec. H.
Many Of the Christmas trees now
being sold In nearby Eastern
cities were shipped a day or two
ago from the country around Ce-
dar Creek. famed in song and
story as the place where General
Sheridan rallied his disorganized
forces during the latter part Of the
War Between the States.
Many carloads OF the Christmas
greens have been shipped from Ce-
lar Creek and Capon Roads sta
lions on the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad since the middle of last
week. and shipments will continue
the coming week. II was said to-
day. Efforts are being made by
commercial apnle growers TO have
all rcd cedar trees cut down on
the ground that the cedar rust
attacking York Imperial apples is
caused by the rcd cedar.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
DEFEAT ORDINANCE FOR
MILK PASTEuRIZATION
tspecInl 10 The TImcs-pispatch.

DANNUL.E, VA. Dec li.-Actcr
more or loss animated discussion Of
tho pros ana cons Of milk grading
ordinance proposed eight weeks ago.
the city Council asst night defeated
measure providing for the compul-
sorry DISCRIMINATION az mix below a
certain standard such an ordinance
was recommended hy Board OF Health
experts which came 20 Danvlne after
The 9ccen; typhold epidemic.
in i,s stead an ordinance was
passed providing for adequate mink
inspection In!fyInen OF the sur
rounding section took warm issue
with the gina measure AMI op-
posed II vigorously. declaring that
IT'S terms would drive them ont OF
business Tho Council Health Com
mittee was diyid.G on the issue, INT
the chairman J. -. CONWAY, repre-
scented IT a. being necessary for tho
protection % gutlir health and an cr-
fective mean 81! preventing another
typhoid scourge The vote against
the oriEina! "'d!uance was 10 &
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
BEGIN CAMPAIGN TO
FORM DENTAL CLINICS
Especial To The rimes-Dispatch.l

lSpcCial 10 ne times Dispatch
AMHERST, VA, Dec. 1.-THE Am
herst County Public Health Nursing
Service. under the direction OF Miss
T. j. Amber. health nurse. with tho
aid OF the Virginia TuberCular AS
ISOLATION, is trying to raise money
enough to have dental clinics
throughout the county. ANA also to
have Tree chest examinations ncNt
spring. To help swell this fund
every family in the county is asked
TO buy with a chicken 100 Christina
seals. II they cannot pay cash. The
chickens are to be sold at auction in
| Richmond. and il AMHERST succeeds
in raising its quota OF $500. tS share
OF the proceeds III In" Christmas
seal sale. after all expenses are paid.
the state viii donate another $500.
making Sl,u0o in all. which VIII be
suiiicirn, To nave 81 dentist conc into
the county and go from school 10
schoO! fixing the childrcn's teeth at
the actual cost of materials used. All
persons who will donate a chicken
are asked To leave them on Dcccm-
Der 49, Ii or Il. at the following
places:
NJ, l.. Gatcwond Pleasant View; A.
X. watts, AMHERST: Mrs. \. J. Burlls,
Monitor; w l.. sutton. Sandidecs
Miss Clara Davis, Elnn; NJ. X. Hicks,
Hicks grocery; j. X. Williams,
Naola; sam !iigginbotham. Bellevue.
w. r. Thomas. Monroe: II. w. Myers,
wood ". ~. Watts, clifford Mrs.
John {. Long, Triple oaks: Miss Mae
Garfield. Wr:Aht's Shop; Faulconcr's
store. on the State highway near
Coolwcl!, and John Watts, Pcdlar
Mills
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
AMHERST COURT
WILL CONVENE TODAY
Especial to The Times-Dispn,rh.1

AMHERST, VA, Dec. 1.-THE De
ccmbcr term OF the Amherst Circuit
Court VIM onvone Monday. Judge y.
7. Gordoit presiding This is reg
uiar grand jury term md both .
grand and civil jury have been SUM
moncd for Monday. The criminal jurS
is summoned To December -, whon
the case of Commonwealth against
Myers Carpenter. charged with shoot
ing Roy +. Ware, ut r.dlar Mills.
carly in the fail, is Sc. for trial. Be
tween nifty and sixty witnesses have
been summoned in this case alone,
and If tried, John l.. Lee. ot Lynch
burg, and Judge G. j. Campbell Will
defend Carpenter. II viii probah ly
consume several days. y large num-
her Of Indictments are To become be-
fore the grand jury .ionday.
The Indications are now that court
wil! he in session for the full term OF
two weeks, as The docket is quite Il
long one.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
VOLUNTEERS TO AID
S. p. C.. G.. IN NORFO

NORFOLK, VA. Dec. ll.-Star
tomorrow. ffty-four earnest men
women. prominent In social and |
mess circles. vii cndcavor TO or
new enthusiasts in the work o,
society for the Prevention Of Cru
L" children. Those already in
osted In tho work are all cn;husia
from Or. l.. 7. Register. prcsiden
the board az trustees. down TO
Latest member.
New members will ho recruited
all the charitably inclined OF tho
VIII be asked 10 SEQ what they
do toward bringing Santa Claue
Christmas To the little Inmates OF
s. t.. c. g. Home. in Massachus
Avenue.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
u. A. II. Elect. nmrrr..

WINCHESTER. VA. Dec. ll.-Fort
l."udoun Chapter. Daughters OF the
American Revolution. formally ins,i-
tuted recently by DIR. Kate Waller
Harriet state regent. has completed
the election OF all officers for tn.
hrSt year az follows: Regent, Miss
Katharine IL. Glass: vlc.-r-gcnt. Airs.
Frank i! Crawford: corresponding
secretary. Mrs, Samuel -. McNca! re-
cordinS secretary. Mrs Warren Rice,
registrar. Miss Walker McC. Bond;
treasurer. Miss Saliic Miller: curator.
Mrs. Holmes Conrad: historian. Mrs
-. u. Conrad. librarian. Mrs. g. Yer
non Eddy. and parliamcnturian. Mrs
William T. Massey
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
TO PAY $4,000 TO
WIDOW OF BRAKEMAN

PORTSMOUTH. VA. Dec 1l.-By
an agreement OF Norfolk and Ports
mouth Hclt Line Railroad Company
Sarah II. Culpcppcr. administrators
OF Charles T.. Culpcppcr. deceased.
VIII receive $4,000 damages as 81
result of the death Of her husband
"A former cmployc of the railroad
company. This is tho full amour,
for which she sued.
An order WAS entered ycstcrday
by Judge Coleman, OF Norfolk Coun
~ tircui, Court, directing that one
third Ice paid to Mrs. Culpeppcr and
tie remaining two-thirds To her as
guardian Of her children, Ethel May
and Evelyn T.. Culpcppcr.
Charles T.. Culpcppcr. who was a
brakeman on the l;clt Line, was IA
tally injured on September 30. a;
Money Point while in the discharg,
Of his duties.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
INVALID is RESCUED
FROM BURNING HON

Special to The Times-pisnatch n
Ri.DTT VA. Dor
Fire yesterday destroyed The re
dcnce occupied by l.. T.. Wilson.
uptown merchant. together with prI
ticaliy all az Its contents Mrs. w
son. long an invalid, WAS barely r,
ch"d from burning room on tho n
ond floor. Mrs. Andrew Ford.
widow with two children, OCCUPIED
part of the house and lost all OF
belongings.
The residence. which was local
on Fourteenth Street Just cast OF
university grounds, WAS tcn-ro,
frame building and WAS owned byI
Norris Watson, resident OF
county. II was valued at $4,000 I
was Insured for only {G.001.
MIR. Wilson sustained quite Id
az he had only $500 insurance
his furniture.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
LAY CORNER stone OF
NEW MASONIC TEMPLE
Appropriate Ceremonies Held
at Now Structure Under
Way at Danvillc.
Especial To The Tlmes.Dispatch.

bANN1LI.E. VA. Dec, THY 49,
dsr of tho meet warshiptui grand
master. proclaim that The corner
btono uf the structure 10 hc hero
erected has this day been found
square, lovci plumb truo and trus,y
md laid according Ia our ancient
customs" With these words the ritual
In connection with Tho laying OF THO
Masonic Temple cornor-stono wins
brought to "a close yesterday after
noon In the presence OF II largo out
pouring OF tho craft and several hum
drcd Danville cit!zcun who pressed
nbout tho northeast corner Of the
lofty half n million dollar structure
now nearing completion,
+. l.. Faris. the architect. laid the
stone with his assistants, after which
the chairman OF tho building corpora
t!on examined t.. following which
ceremony J. Aston Cabril. formerly
grand master OF the Virginia Mnsnns.
now OF Richmond, made an nprro-
pirate address after being Introduced
by Eugene Withers.
The Masonic crafts met at the Mn
uictpal Hail and ut o'clock they
marched to the scene Of the ceremony.
headed by band. The ceremony WAS
in charge OF tho Grand Lodge OF N!r-
Ein!a. John :. BOttlmorc. grand mas
tor: james II. Price, deputy grand
master; Charles II. Callahan. grand
senior warden: Zen w. Beach. grand
junior warden; Joseph w. Esrieston,
grand treasurer; Charles y. Neshitt.
grand secretary: James bowman.
grand senior deacon; William Lee
Davis, grand junior deacon; William
y. James. grand marshal: James y.
Pamplin. grand pursuivant: Oscar !.
Adams. grand ;!ler. 4. w. Baker.
grand steward.
Tho ceremony. which lasted for two
hours. took place IN crisp. clear
weather TorIt.ut several functions
are being Nc'd m connection with the
visit of the grand lodge members.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
Capture ao0-:aIlon sun.

DANNlLI.E, VA. Dec. 1.-THE cap
iurc of Il 500 gallon Still, one Of the
largest found recently in this section
OF the state. is reported from Hall
fax County. Federal and county Of
hccrs found il in the Hyco neigh
b"rhood not far from South Boston
ana destroyed IL, no arrests being
hiadc as no one was found at the still
place. quantity of beer and some
liquor was poured out. The Stil was
$" large that ii had to hc taken to
pieces before il could be taken in
side the South BOSTON Jail. where
stills are usually stored.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
FIND WOMAN NOT
GUILTY OF MURDER
Ispeclnl 10 INC Tlmes.nlsnalch.l

CHARLOTTESVILLE. VA, Dec II.
I'm the Circuit Court yesterday,
Judge John w. Fishhurnc and a fury
heard and disposed OF the case pend :
ing against Lizzie Thomas. colorcd.
near Crozct, who was indicted at the
october term for tho supposed
murder OF her husband last Scptem
her, and n verdict of acGulttal was
the result.
Thomas was found dead In his
house. lying prone upon a bed VITA
shasty wound showing. on. eve
having been apparently gouv"d out
" the use ~ some sharp instrument.
But as no direct evidence could he
produced connecting the woman with
The crime. Judge X. T.. W. Duke. II.
representing the Commonwealth. con-
scented tn II verdict of acuui,tal af-
ter all the Commonwcalth's witnesses
had been heard and before the de-
Tense was developed in full
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
Car and Truck in Collision.

ITINKI.'TT ESNIIIE, NN., Dec. / I
An electric car and Il big motor
truck had hcad-on collision yes
tcrday afternoon at the foot Of Il hill
on Main street. aud the street car
came ont second best. Quite a hole
was torn in the street car and Mo
torman u. :. Maupin sustained n
broken leg. The driver Of the truck
had his face quite badly cut and
bruised
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
TWO CANDIDATES
FROM STAUNTON

STAUNTON. VA. Dec. 1.-two
residents ~ mis- city are being con
Sidcred as lik"ly possibilities To sue
coed CONGRESSMAN Henry -. Flood.
representative from the Tenth Vir-
sinia District one is Joseph \.
GLASGOW. rhc other Is ilugh 1:
Sprogil.
Mr.. Glasgow Is lawyer Mr..
Spr"nl Is prominent business man.
turing the world war Ar Soroul. for
some time. was Federal fuel admin
istratcr for Virginia
Not for twenty years has this city
or county had a resident In the seat
;ast made vacant hy the death OF
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
rIan ChrI.rmn. I.Irrvork..

DAENlll.E, VA. Dec ii-'rh. Dan
River Mill Corporation is planning a
spectacular display OF fireworks to
be given during the Christmas holt
days instead of the community tree.
which was the custom until last year
Tn" display is To cost In tho HcIg
horhood Of $500, the fireworks hay
ing already bcpn ordered
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1921-12-12
Three &c, rw.r,. Month, In s,m.

STANTON. VA. Dec. ii.-Reforc
Magistrates o'Rourkc ana Fucker
her. yesterday wer6 tried lake and
John Miller and Aldnc Back. charged
with attempting To steal turkeys and
l"r stealing the birds. The magIs-
trateS' decision was that each should
hc Imposed hnc Of $40 and twelve
months In Jail
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
SUGGESTS CHANGE
In U.S.. OIL POLICY
Daniels Urges That President
Be Given More
Power.

The oil supply problem has now
assumed such an International as
peCt that power to handle the sitUa-
ti0n should be lodged with the Pres
ident. and used at his discretion.
Secretary OF the Navy Daniels sug-
gested in a letter to Senator Page.
chairman of the Senate Naval AZ
fairs Committee, and made public
yesterday.
In his letter the Secretary urges
the passage of Senate bill 1856,
which permits the President to do
clare an embargo whenever he deems
conditions warrant such action,
rather than passage Of another SEN
ate bill, 4747, which specifically for
bids expectation to those countries
whose governments prohibit <Ameri-
can nationals from owning or ac-
quiring oil lands.
The object aimed at by the latter
bill can be obtained by the former,
according to the Secretary, who
adds:
Such power in the hands of the
President is more sweeping. more
elastic and of more potential value
than direct retaliatory measure
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
ALBANY TROLLEY
STRIKE UNBROKEN
Both Factions Lay Plans for
Long Drawn Out
Battle.

ALBANY, n. Y. Feb. l3.-The
third week Of Albany's trolley tie
up began today with United Trac-
ton Company officials and strikers
more than ever determined to
"hght to the finish"
Both sides began today final
preparations for long drawn-out
battle. The traction company.
backed by the millions Of the Della
ware and Hudson Railroad and its
subsidiaries. is determined to run
its cars manned by strikebreakers.
Labor unions will this week
bring to bear in the fight strike
funds for the striking motormen
and conductors
After two practically peaceful
days during which strikebreakers
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
NeIU York Police Aid
In Fight on Infection

NEW YORK. Feb. 13.-The Fed
eral government and the City OF
New York remained deadloCked to-
night in the matter of protecting
New Yorl, City and the country
at large from possible infection
from typhUs carrying immi grants
from Europe. but the last word re-
mains with DR.. Royal S. Copeland,
health commissioner of New York.
municipal guard was maintain
ed all day at the Battery. and as
fast as the newcomers came from
Ellis Island they were marched. be-
tween a lane of police. to another
ferry house, where city physicians
and nurses examined them.
During the day, it was announced,
80 immigrants were received in
the city and re-eXamined. Eleven
men and seventeen women were
found to be afflicted with vermin.
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
HEAD OF COLLEGE
QUITS DEACONSHIP
BECAUSE OF FIGHT
Oanyile Church and
School Aroused in Bat
tie Over Dancing.

'DANVILLE, Va. Feb. l3-Pror,
L Crosland. president Of Averett
nstitute, today presented his res
-snation as deacon of the First Bap-
ttst Church, expressing the view in
his letter that this step was ad-
Yisable pending a decision in the
college matter. The resignation
was not acted on by the congrega-
ton but was referred to the deacons,
one Of whom said you can count
on its not being accepted"
Instead Of simmering down the
Averett Institute row broadened out
everywhere today and it was made
plain that the school and the First
Baptist Church have been rent by
the demand that Crosland resign
because of dancing.
The CrosIand forces opened their
batteries this morning when they
showed letter advocating dancIns
as an innocent recreation entirely
desirable and signed by George A.
Lea. who is now leading the anti
Crosland fight on the ground that
he permitted dancing. The letter
vas written in 1919.
Alumni of the class will meet to-
borrow and pass resolutions.
Another meeting Of the trustees is
to be held Tuesday at which time
representatives of all local OrEani-
EatiOns will demand a hearing
presenting petitions indorsing Cros-
land which will be circulated to-
morrow
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
:: NEARBY STATE EVENTS ::
Says God Ordered
Children to Stay at.
Home; Goes to Jail

WINCHESTER, Va. Feb. IA
Rather than send his children to
the public schools, Luther McFar-
land. an exhorter or the Pentecostal
Mission. last evening began serving
an indeterminate Jail sentence.
Sheriff Pannett said the prisoner
probably would be taken to tho con-
vict road camp near here tomor-
row morning.
Mcfarland is a farmer living in
the western part of Frederick
County. He is the father of eleven
children, eight of whom are OF
school age. He told the court that
his action in refusing to send his
children to school was, based on
Divine command; that the Lord had
communicated with him and told
him to keep his children ''unspOt-
ted from the world"
Judge Tavenner tried to persuade
him to change his opinions. but Me
was Obdurate. You can send me
to Jail. and you can put a rope
around my neck" ne said. at the
same time indicating how a moose
was adjusted, but it is not my in
tention to send my children to
schools established by man-made
laws until God Almighty tells me-"
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
Kills Wife; Shoots Self
Despite Girls Pleas

WESTO4, W. Va. Feb. 13.-"For
Gods sake don't shoot my mother"
Edna, aged IA, daughter Of Harvey
Griggs pleaded as her father drew a
3S-caliber revolver at the home of
Mrs. Lottie Griggs, his wife. tell
ing her that the end had come for
both unless she agreed to live with
him again.
This she said she would not do
and three shots rang out, two en-
tering the body Of the woman,
killing her instantly, and the third
entering the body of Griggs on the
left side just below the heart. He
is not expected to live
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
Nation Has Passed Through Trough
Of Depression and Is Now on Road to
Prosperity, Is Reserve Bank Report

The United States has passed
through the trough" of depression,
and is now well on the way to pros
perity and complete business read
justment, according to the monthly
report of the Federal Reserve Board,
issued yesterday.
The first month Of the new year"
says the report, has been one of
heavy expenditure in public finance.
Total ordinary receipts were &217.-
S2S,249. while ordinary expenditures
were S3SS,17s,272, the result being
a deficit Of sI7O,S51,O23
Textiles Better.
There has been ar increase of ac
tivity in some textile trades. The
relative slowing down in wholesale
price reductions and the acceleration
of retail price changes, must not
be regarded as indicating a new
price movement, but rather as the
of the price move be-
gun many months ago.
The better outlook in business
generally has been paralleled by a
decided improvement in financial
conditions. There has been a de-
cided upward movement in practi-
caIiy all securities. which has ex-
hIbited itself clearly in connection
with bonds as we'll as with stocks.
Rates of Failure.
Business revcrses in 1920 in
creased sharply both in number and
liabilities Exclusive of banking
suspensions. failures in the United
States in 1920 numbered S,SS1, and
involved s295,OOO,OOO Of indebted
ness.
For the year 1920 the entire eI-
port movement has been SS,22S. 900,
900. while imports were S5.279, ,OO0.-
600. favorable trade balance OF
$3.50, OOO,O 900. During the year
there was net Importation OF gold
and silver aggregating $Sl,OOO,00O
Foreign Trade.
Foreign trade has continued to
undergo sharp fluctuations, al
though the general tendency has
been toward improvement. Both
sterling. francs and lire were in
distinctly better position at the end
Of the month than at the beginning
The number Of applications for
advances under the revived War
Finance Corporation has been com
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
Sees Bright Future
For Business in South


NEW YORK, Feb. 13.-Col. Rob
ert A Gordon. member of the city
council Of Atlanta. Ca. and prom
inent merchant and Elk, arrived in
town today. declaring the prospects
for the South in the immediate fu-
ture are bright. He is here to at
tend a banquet of Elks.
Matters are beginning to look
up down our way" he declared,
"and the only one drawback Is the
cotton situation. The farmers who
refused prices of 80 and 35 cents
are still holding on to their crops.
with prices now down at ~ and
10 cents. feeling they are not JUS
titled in taking the loss. As soon
as we can get the farmers to sell.
a lot OF money Will be turned loose
and the South will come through
with a rush"
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14
ship OF Mystery
PILED ON SHOALS
Traces of Crew and Captain of
Ghost Schooner Still
Unbound.

NORFOLK. Va. Feb. 13.-Mystery
attends the whereabouts of Capt.
WormweII and his crew of eleven
men of the ghost ship" Carol 4.
Deering which piled up on Diamond
Shape shoals with all four sails
set.
Her FIVE masts standing out
against the sky. the vessel is
slowly pounding to wreckage on
the shoal. which is known as the
graveyard of shipping"
Although the schooner struck the
shoal several days ago nothing has
been heard of her captain and crew.
WreCkinE companies have tried to
salvage the ship and parts of her
mountings but the attempt has
been abandoned. Coast guards are
preparing to ask permission to blow
up the schooner.
The Washington herald., 1921-02-14

paratively small During the month
progress has been reported in the
organization OF $l00,OOO.00O cor
poration, projected by the American
Bankers Association for financing
foreign trade"
German Indemnity.
Regarding the indemnity OF S55,-
ooo,0oo.o0o imposed on Germany
tn" report says:
"As yet it is too soon to state
whether these terms will in the
final analysis be adhered to. Mean
time the Importance Of arriving at
and beginning the application or
definite plan OF adjustment is evi-
dent. The definite settlement Of the
basis for reparatiOns is fundamen-
tai TO the resumption of business
activity in any direction.
Business developments during
tho month of January have shown
an unmistakable turn toward a
better state OF affairs. At some
plants. where considerable num-
bers OF men have been unemployed,
industrial operations have been re-
sUmed."