davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1921-11-18
EXPERT SURVEY OF
SHEEP INDUSTRY
JOHN CLAY SAYS 1T WILL RE.
VIvE WHEN FLOCkNlASTER
RESUMES OLD WAYS.
Says Sheep Man Must Go Back to the
Wagon With Its Canvas Covering;
and Make HAPPY Homes i'm Western
Wilds: Decline in Past 10 Years.
BY JOHN CLAY.

Figures as rule are dry reading,
but at the present moment so far as
the sheep industry is concerned they
are OF the deepest interest. They tell
a tale which deserves attention, not
only from the people engaged in the
industry but from the whole country.
First and foremost our sheep census
has declined in ten years in round
numbers ,OOO,0O0-from $4,000
600 to 34,00O,OOO. These are gov
eminent statistics, perhaps not abso-
lutely correct. but near enough to
show the terrific slump that has ia
ken place.
II you want to verify it. 60 out
to Wyoming and Montana and speak
to the sheepmen there. l doubt If
Wyoming has third of the sheep of
ten or twelve years ago. Against
these figures, so far as the year 1921
goes, we have an increase in re-
ceipts at our central markets of 2 per
cent over 1920, but-and mark the
have gone to the country. This
means that II per cent more sheep
have been slaughtered than a year
ago. Here are the figures:
9 months 9 Months
Nine Markets 1921 1920
Receipts ..,~~~~9.673,257 9,653,492
Feeders ..-1 .194,275 2.4O5.359
Slaughtered S,47S.9S2 7,24S,133|
Increased slaughter 1921, $780,
$40 or II per cent.
Worse than this, and practically
unseen, is the fact that most of the
eve lambs of 1919 and 1920 found
their way to the slaughter house.
There is scarcely an outfit in the west
that has regular rotation of ages in
their flock. In my wide experience II
could count the large outfits on my
fingers who have flOcks with normal
ages. AS a result we have two crops
OF young ewes missing. These can
not be replaced. No power on earth
can bring them back. Even our pro-
life live stock talking machines can
suggest no remedy. We are IN
against an inevitable situation
which has and will work an immense
amount of harm all over the country.
Many of the flocks of the west are
encountered for more than they are
worth. The slump in wool and the
decline in mutton have in my judg-
ment reduced the value of the eve.
more especially If a forest reserve
right is attached to her, far be-
low her intrinsic value. The bank
er is turning cold, steely eye on
sheep paper, except he already is |
holding lot of it. But
this sheep business needs different |
treatment. It needs reinforcing,
building up and exceedingly careful |
handling. This has begun. The crop
of eve lambs is being conserved. /
There is an active demand for young
ewes; old ones (almost worthless at |
presently are being held over In
fact every effort is being made to |
counteract the errors of the past i
two years.
These remarks apply mostly to the
west. In the eastern and central
states there is a steady, irresistible
liquidation in the sheep industry.
The mirror., 1921-03-31
HEALTH AND HOW TO
PRESERVE 1T
By Mr.. 0. B.

L 10 safe to agree with our Chau-
tauqua President, Mr.. O., that
health is the greatest of all assets,
but few appreciate to a full realiza-
tion its greatness or the hopeless hand
leap without it. l shall not attempt
to cover this subject as it applies to
the individual but briefly, what is be-
ing done along these lines through
various organizations.
AS long as history records, man
has been terrified by sickness and
has sought escape by one means or
another. He has tried to ward off
disease whenever it appeared. In
epidemics, organized effort was
made by community health officers
and police to apply such preventive
measures as science had to offer. l
shall not 60 into history of preserving
health or its origin, we are interested
only in effect of those measures as
they preserve life and health. Thus
far the promotion has been largely a
matter of compulsion, not as a medi-
cal economic factor, as so many cults
and isims, not of the regular school
claim, but largely an educational
unit to bring the public mind into CO.
operation, with quarantine, isolation,
birth hygiene, infant care, vaccinations,
dental clinics, supervision of various
institutions, cancer, veneral and other
diseases control together with the
progress made along such educational
lines by the Rockefeller Research and
other Laboratories put health respon-
sibility, in a large way upon the indi-
vidual and his community. Teaching
and showing them that they are
necessarily a public health factor,
recognizing municipal health laws
governing contagious and infections
diseases.
Nature is consetantly throwing out
danger signals, these vary greatly,
maybe pain, enlarged gland, or
whatnot, however they indicate abb
normal conditions and if not attended
manifest themselves in many cases
seriously. No community shop or in
stitution is considered as doing its
duty unless a clinic or hospital of
some kind is provided and available,
thus your danger signals can get i'm
mediate attention. The Red Cross
and other societies are putting forth
serious efforts and succeeding in a
large way, for better diagnosis and
opportunities for treatment, care and
hospitals. Propaganda to acquaint
the public with scientific facts, by men
qualified to teach and explain the
why's and wherefores of habits,
hygiene laws, antitoxin, vaccination,
serums and bacteries. Also the dam
ger signs care and prevention of SER
ious defects of the heart, kidney, etc.
Large insurance companies have estab-
lished what they call their Life Ex-
tension Clinic" to handle and pre-
vent serious defects of invisible dis
ease of arteries, heart, lungs, kidneys,
etc. In these Offices the method of
the old family doctor, with a look at
your tongue and some page 8, Col. 81
The mirror., 1921-03-31
TRINIDAD'S LAKE, ONE OF
WORLDS WONDERS
Selected
Selected

IMAGINE a lake that is solid
Think of lake over which rail-
road runs with no other support
than the ties! Dream of lake on
which men may walk without sink
ing into its depths and becoming en-
gulfed! If you can do this, you are
ready to take fanciful trip, no, not
to the world of make believe, but to
most interesting part of this hemi-
sphere, the West Indies.
Perhaps the most prosaic work in
the world is laying city pavement.
To the average citizen it means dis
comfort, and the closing of the street
for time. Clouds of sooty smoke
from the fre-wagon, sticky shoes if
one is not careful, and huge roller
rumbling along which one has to
dodge, no chance for imagination,
nothing but stolid, dirty work. And
yet, the place from which the asphalt
comes, which is used to make pave
ment, is one of tropical beauty, with
its brightly hued flowers, and gayly
colored butterflies and birds, and,
most wonderful of all, its great,
brown-gray lake of pitch.
1t is on the island of Trinidad,
British possession, which lies just of
the coast of Venezuela, that this
world wonder is to be found. How
it originated, how long it has been
there, and how deep it is, are all mat
tiers of speculation.
The island, with its three green
hills, which suggested to Columbus
the name he bestowed upon it when
he discovered it in 1893, basking in
the sunshine and the lazy tropical air,
with the music of the soft whirr of
the wings of the humming birds,
would seem to be the very place
where dreams are born. One of the
dreams, or legends, is that of how the
asphalt lake came into existence. This
has been handed down the centuries,
among the natives of the island.
Long, long ago, they tell us, before
Columbus sailed the seas, the island
was inhabitated by the Carib Indians.
AT that time, more so than at present,
the island abounded with humming
birds of many different hues. These
birds the Indians believed to be the
spirits of their departed dead, who
had returned in that guise to protect
the living. They reverenced the
birds, and not one of them was ever
hurt or killed by an inhabitant of the
island.
Then there came upon the scene
a fierce tribe of Indians called the
Chaymas who cared not for their vii
lage upon a hill overlooking the sea,
and at once began to kill the hum
ming birds in large numbers for their
bright colored feathers with which
they adorned themselves.
But this sacrilege could not 60 un-
punished, the Caribs tell us. The
Great Spirit who rules the happy
hunting grounds of departed Indians
took swift vengeance. One morning
the village on the top of the hill had
disappeared, and in its place was
The mirror., 1921-03-31
Saltwater, Minnesota, Thursday, March 81, 1921.

vast, molten lake of pitch, which
boiled and seethed as if heated by SUI
pernatural fires. 1t took a century
for it to cool, so the story goes, and
the lake stands today as a perpetual
warning to those who would harm
the humming birds.
The geologists, however, have a
different story to tell.
The asphalt lake, as it is called, is
in the depression or crater of an old
mud spring or volcano. Here, they
say, ages ago, petroleum oozed up
from the depths, passing in its course
through strata of extremely fine min
eral matter, clay and sand, with which
it became intimately mixed. Natural
gas helped along this movement, and
caused the emulsion of oil and clay to
be churned until when it reached the
surface it formed the material which
today is designated as asphalt"
That at one time the lake over
flowed is reasonably certain, for de-
posits of the pitch have been found
along the side of the hill at some dis
tance from the lake itself. Probably,
however, some of this material may
have burst through the crust of the
earth at some point of least resistance,
and was hardened upon coming in
contact with the air. This material is
called "land asphalt" to distinguish it
from that found in the lake, and is of
inferior quality, being more wealth
cred than that found in the original
deposit.
The lake, even today, is in constant
motion. Not the seething and boil
ing which probably characterized it
at its birth, but there is a very slow,
gradual movement, caused by the
evolution of gas, which still continues.
Through patches of rain water in
small depressions in the lake, may be
seen gas bubbles rising at frequent
intervals. This continual movement
of the lake is one of its wonders.
In area, the lake covers some ia
acres, and borings to a depth of us
feet have been made at various dis
tances from the center, at which
depth the same quality of asphalt was
found to exist as that at the surface.
To bore deeper was impossible owing
to the fact that the drill was bent and
broken by the pressure and movement
of the pitch against it at that depth.
To those of scientific turn of
mind, who want to know the actual
composition of the asphalt analyses
made of samples taken from many
parts of the lake, have showed it to
be a material of great uniformity, and
composed of water, bitumen, fine
silica and colloidal clay. This colloi-
dal clay is the most wonderful part
of the asphalt. 1t is so fine, estimated
at smaller than .O001 m.m., a micron,
or .OOO,039.37 inches in diameter,
and so intimately dispersed through
the bitumen, that it does not settle
out, and cannot be seen in solution
even under microscope. A special
attachment called the ultra-micro-
sopic size. Looked at under this at
tachment the clay particles are never
still, but are always in an active state
of motion, darting from side to side
with unceasing energy, with what is
called by chemists the Brownman
movenmet. 1t is this colloidal clay,
The mirror., 1921-03-31

with its enormous surface energy,
that gives to the asphalt its binding
qualities and durability, when used in
street pavement.
Imagine now railroad running
over the wide expanse of asphalt. Yet
that is just what actually does occur.
1t is a narrow guage road and the
tracks are laid on ties made of bam-
boo wood. 1t has open cars on which
are huge buckets, or skips as they are
called, which are filled with the
asphalt. The cars are run by cable
to a terminal station at one end of
the lake. Because of the peculiar
movement of the asphalt, the tracks
are often thrown out of lignment,
and they have to be Strengthened out
before the cars can run on them again.
The asphalt is dug out of the lake
with picks by native laborers, the ma
jority of whom are the regular type
of West Indian Negro. The asphalt
comes out in large Jumps like coal,
and the worker places one of these
Jumps, weighing perhaps 80 or 40
pounds, upon his head, walks with it
to the railroad track, and throws it
into one of the skips on car, without
any APPARENT effort.
One of the strange things about
this unique lake is that, when hole
is dug in it one day, and the asphalt
taken out, by the next morning it is
hlled-up again. Within two or three
days no one would know that hole
had been made there. This filling up
is caused by settling of the entire mass
of the asphalt, and not from any influx
of new material, as was once believed.
The pitch lake, as the asphalt deposit
is called in Trinidad, came into being
after centuries of slow formation
asphalt is not made in a day.
There has been taken from the
lake, during the fifty or more years
it has been worked, more than four
million tons of asphalt, and there ap-
pears to be still an inexhaustible sup
ply, as figured by the geologists, per-
haps over a billion tons. In all the
time of excavation the lake has settled
only some fifteen feet from its origi-
nal level.
When the skips of loaded asphalt
reach the terminal station they are
dumped into other skips, which are
conveyed by an aerial cable to the
shore, along great steel pier, ex-
tending quarter of a mile out into
the ocean, where a steamship lies
waiting to be loaded. Go out along
the narrow boardwalk, climb up a
winding stairway, and you come to
platform perhaps forty feet above the
water. The conveyor cable is guided
by pulleys around the end of the pier.
As each bucket comes along, clutch
is thrown off, a couple of negroes tip
it up, and the asphalt goes tumbling
through hole in the platform, down
chute into the hole of the ship.
Then another strange phenomenon
takes place. The asphalt after it has
been in the hold while, fuses to-
gether again into solid mass, just as
it was in the lake itself. During the
voyage it becomes quite hard, and
when its destination is reached, it has
to be again dug out with picks, in the
same manner as it was originally won
from the pitch lake.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
Colds Cause Grip and influenza

LAXATIVE BRoMo oU1NINE Tablets remove the
cause. There Is only one "Bromo ouinins.
T. W. GROVES sienature On box. SOC.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
Roy Jacob Making
Good AS An Athlete

The following special from A. & NJ
| College refers to the splendid athletic
work being done by Roy Jacob, d
grandson of Mr.. +. NJ. Jacob, and q
son of Mr. Major Jacob, who was
born and reared here. Roy Jacob, who
is now in his twentieth year, was born
and reared in Memphis:
Following in the footsteps of the
famous Otto Schwill and the renown.
ed Ward Bower, comes another Mem
.phis product in the form Of Roy Jacob
to carve football history at Mississippi
A. & NJ. College
"Schwill in 1915 and 1916 was one
of the most terrific line pungers who
has ever been on an Aggie lineup and
when the Maroons needed some one
to take the ball across he was always
the choice of the quarterback, as he
could be depended ON to make good.
Bower wrote his name in indelible ink
on the memorable pages Of A. & NJ.
football annals in 1919 by often saw
ing the Aggie goal in times of need
by booting the ,pigskin out Of danger
with his highly educated toe, his punts
ranging between so and 65 yards and
playing made him the idol
Of the Maroon followers.
Jacob is a newcomer and he is just
making his debut as college athlete
having been a member Of the Central
High School in Memphis for two
years, starring in basketball, football
and track, and made an enViable rec
ord in each. He played halfback ca
gridiron, forward on the cage tossers,
infield on the diamond and was five.
entry man on the track. During lis
last year he was the star dash aadi
hurdle man as well as the quarter
miller and half-miler, and left several
records for future students to shoot
1t. Jacob and Bower were two of the |
nainstays on the Central High ath- |
etic teams in 1918 and were great
actors in the championship teams of
hat season
Blower is probably the greatest
enter ever produced on an A. & NJ.
curt and it seems natural that Jacob, |
With his all-round ability should also
make a place on the Maroon quintet,
IS did his former teammate, Bower.
lie is out daily practicing with a foot
'all squad and has been assigned a
cat on the training table, a treat
which but few members of the fresh /
nen class are honored with The
caches are keeping an eve on the
and great things are cx-
ected Of him before the season is
ut.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
INDIGESTION
Busy Public Official Says Thed-
fOrd's Black Drausht Helps Him
Keep Physically Fit.

clay city, KY have been In
business here for twenty.One years;
am also coroner, riding the Kentucky
hills ana hollows in all kinds or
weather and under ALI kinds OF con-
tiltions, says Mr.. Sam r. Carr. OF this
place. ITO be able to do so, / must
Keep physically fit and Thedf0rd's
Black lTaught Is my standby.
'These trips used to give me head
aches, and that, found, came from
hurried meals or from constipation.
a was convinced that Black Draught
was good, SO now use 1t, and it gives
perfect satisfaction. Ii acts on the
liver, relieves indigestion, and certain
ly is splendid. am never without it,"
When yeu have a feeling OF discom-
fort after meals, causing bloating
sensation, headache, bad breath. and
similar common symptoms, try taking
pinch OF Black-D raught after meals
pinch Of the dry powder, washed
down With q swallow of water. This
has been found TO assist the stomach
and liver to carry on their normal
work. and helps prevent, or relieve,
constipation.
Your druggist can supply you with
this well-known, purely-vegetable livet
medicine. Insist upon Thedford's. the
original and only genuine Black.
Draught liver medicine. NC-137a
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
HER DlSY DAY

A little seven-year-old girl On Col.
loge Street had been very had girl
In fit Of temper she had thrown a
bottle of ink at her brother, who was
younger than herself.
Her mother carried her upstairs TO
apply slipper to the young lady.
Matters had progressed TO the most
exciting point when the brother. at
tracted by the yells, opened the door
and peeped in.
This was too much for the little
girl. In her prone position on her
mothers Ian she managed to twist her
head around and yell at her brother:
"Get away from there. Can't you
see we are busy"
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
Piles Cured in 6 TO IA DAYS

DRUGGISTS refund money if PAZ0 OINTMENT fail,
to cure Ieching, Blind. Bleeding or ProtrJdna Piet
Instantly relieves Itching Piles, and YOU. can g.
estful sleep after the ET5s a0Sication. Price 81
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
Great Show Coming
On Saturday Night

Motion pictures are making II
harder for the speaking stage every
day, but they do not affect the pop.
lularity aud drawing power Of the big
musical comedies. In fact, they have
a tendency to whct the public appe-
tite for big "girly" entertainments.
Some day. perhaps, we will have
musical comedy With chorus in the
movies andsome sort Of a photograph
to give the musical part of the show,
but at its best this will be a poor
substitute for the real thing and can
never be popular.
Such combinations of refined bur-
Ilesque, spectacle, dancing, singing
and comedy as the McGregor Com
panys "Dardanella" which Manager
Thos. j. Locke announces as the offer
ing at the Columbus Opera House next
Saturday, November 9th, will always
have a direct appeal to the amuse-
ment loving public and no develop
ment of the motion picture win ever
diminish its popularity.
The big original production, which
has been aptly termed 'the wonder
show Of the century," will be brought
here in its entirety No part Of il
will be omitted The cast is the same
as captivated the big cities and the
same bevy of beautiful girls--a small
army of them-will participate in the
beauty parade wearing the most gor-
geous creations ever seen upon the
local stage.
An early reservation of seats Is adj
vised as "Daldanella" holds the en-
viable record Of playing to capacity
every night. The sale opened Mon
day morning at nine o'clock, at
Weaver 4 Harrington's Drug Store.
Six seats will be the limit allowed
any purchaser. This limitation has
been made to discourage the ticket
spectators who have been following
The show, buying up large blocks of
the most desirable seats and "goug4
ng" the public for as much as double
he regular box Office price.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
Unknown Soldier On
HOmeWard Journey

Havre, Oct 25.-America's I'M
known soldier is on his way home.
After resting nearly three years in
the land where he fought and died,
/ he began his last homeward journey
on the United States cruiser Olympia
this afternoon.
/ France, the country where this I'M
sung fighter fell, is not to be forgotten
at Arlington, as the symbol of the lost
American dead will rest on French soil
in the American national cemetery
The Olympia carried with it large
box full Of the soil Of France, enough
to cover the bottom of the unknown
soldiers grave.
Simple sincerity marked the depart
ure Of the unknown warrior, as did his
selection yesterday vt Chalons-Sur-
Mafne. Just before placing a medal
of the Legion of Honor on the casket,
Minister of Pensions Maginot, speak
ing for the people Of France, declar-
ed.
american brother, they are taking
you back to the land of your birth.
We, however, will piousy preserve
your memory, and the land Of France
will never forget that you confdcd TO
her your last dream"
Three thousand school children were
among the vast throng which met the
funeral train today when it arrived
here from Paris ae children lined
the streets and throw hundreds of
flowers ii the psSh Of the ccrtege.
Thca they formed tu each side Of the
gun currin,se snt escorted tie UNI
kHown warrior q he pier American
officers, inchdin, Maj Gen Henry T.
Allen, large ltlaber Of French of
ficers and citizens walked behind the
gun carriage through two miles of
streets, which were decorated
with American and French flags.
Maj .-Gcn. Allen expressed the APP
probation of America for the touch
ing manner in which France had babe
farewell to the unidentified hero. (
Turning to the casket, he said:
1.-THE great republic which is render T
ing YOU homage is likewise paying
tribute to your comrade in blue who
fell with you and who lives in the
hearts of his countrymen as you live
In the loving memory of
ours. Whoever you may be, your gal
ant deeds are indellibly inscribed in
he pages Of history, to the glory Of
Jur nation.
The parting ceremony was held on
he pier alongside the Olympia. Six
army pallbearers carried the body to
he gangway and placed il on the pier,
where it reposed during the ceremon-
es. Afterward six American sailors
md six French "poilus" carried the
loral tributes aboard as the American
'and played Chopin's funeral march
nd the American national anthem.
As the order to cast off was given :
he American flag was half.masted
nd an escort Of seven French de- |
troyers put TO sea to accompany the ,
olympia TO the three.mile limit Air
lanes far out Of the harbor waited to :
" over the Olympia as she passed oul
o sea.
The French marines stood az stiff |
ttention until Admiral Dewey's old
agship became a mere speck on the
orion.
The Columbus dispatch. (Columbus, Miss.) 19??-1922, 1921-11-02
CARD OF THANKS

I want to thank my good friends
and citizens of Lowndes County for
what they have done in my behalf.
/ also want to thank them for what
they have done for my family, and
anything they may do in the future
will be appreciated by me.
Yours truly, A. L. HOLLEY.
Oakley, Miss, Oct. 10, 1921. 1t