Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1921-11-07
What Has Created Big Armaments?
Commission international Justice
Council OF Churches
ARTICLE,I
BY DIP. SIDNEY L. GULICk

/ WASHINGTON. Nov Z. - Why d
of every land and age hate war. anI
| why do people stagger under the bur
dens of armament when they do no
want them?
The modern causes direct and in
direct are many and intricate. though
they have also been quite natural W.
must go into them thoroughly if We
are 10 understand them Among then
are some of The things that have meant
most i'm the advancement of civiliza
tion-science. steam and electric
power, control of disease, and trans
portation The creation of wealth anC
massing of capital have played a Part
Secret diplomacy, suspicion and feal
have also done their part
To establish eventually a warless
world, with a mutual reduction o.
armament as the first step. we must
face the facts and all the facts. II
is not enough to say TO the nations
BE good" We must find out wha;
| II is To be good in this modern world
and we must establish suitable inter
national agencies so that we can be
good We must do much hard-headed
cool-hearted, clear-minded and crea-
tive thinking.
In connection with this question OF
armament one may well ask. will
Germany win the war after all?" Be
ing compelled to disarm. she has stop
ped her bloated budgets for arma-
ments. Her yearly payments for rep
arations are less than what either
France. England or America elected
TO spend the past year on their re-
speciive ornaments. Germany is hard
at work producing. the sure and only
road 10 recovery and prosperity Eng
land. France and America are still
tagging in production and at the same
time are wasting enormous sums
maintaining their armament programs.
The principal direct and indirect
causes of big ornaments, and also
of the recent world war. are the fol-
lowing:
First. science. steam and electric
power and standardized production by
machinery, have given the advanced
nations extraordinary powers of cx-
pansion and aggression.
Second, creation of wealth and
massing of capital. control of disease
and ;ncraoco rs ,,onuIa+;ov ,u;tb do
mand for more food and for abundant
raw material. have caused the pro-
gressive nations to reach out long
arms into all the world.
Third, the existence OF many abso-
lutely independent sovereign govern
ments, each responsible only 10 its
own people for their welfare has led
to conscious and scheming rivalry and
the adoption by several governments
of the policy of economic Imperialism.
BY diplomacy. intimidation and in
trigue they have sought for expansion
of commerce and for the political con-
troll of those backward geographical
areas on which they were. or expected
to lie. dependent for food and raw
material.
Fourth, suspicion and fear of neigh
bors have led each government to
build up its own defensive system
This practice antedates. indeed. human
history. But it has reached modern
proportions because the discoveries of
science have been effectively utilized.
Fifth, the massing and modelling
for war of the entire power of each
nation has become possible by popular
education. growing nationalism, in
creasing political Capitalization, and
growing INTERPOLATION and cooperation
of commerce, industry and politics.
Sixth. acts of one people or Govern
ment with no thought or intention of
ill-will, have often brought harm to
neighboring nations, arousing feelings
and acts of retaliation growing into
settled mutual hospitality.
Seventh. the modern system of
finance has enabled Governments
through loans and credits not only to
utilize to the full. existing wealth. but
10 discount and mortgage their futures
and thus to create big ornaments
otherwise impossible.
Eighth, the modern system of treat
les, open and secret. have produced
groups of powers" committed to as
sist each other under certain contin-
gencies. thus increasing fears and sus-
picions and making swollen war
budgets inevitable in every land.
Ninth. vast private manufacturing
enterprises. producing munitions and
other materials needed by armies and
navies have deliberately cultivated in
ternational suspicious and fears for
purposes of private gains.
Tenth, materialistic. unchristian