Indiana daily times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1914-1922, 1921-07-14
BY w. D. BOYCE.

4 1DNE1s n. >. w, Australia
i ~ New South Wales is the mother
state of Australia. 1t has a pop
ulation of 100000 and an area OF
310.372 square miles. It is larger
than Texas, our biggest State, by
one-sixth, but with a population only
! half as great. 1t is about one-tenth
of the whole area Of Australia and
has 40 per cent Of the population, but
j Is not as closely settled as the state
Of Victoria. It has only ninety-eight
men to every hundred women and at
least 60 per cent Of its people live
! in the large towns or cities. In the
United States only so per cent Of the
people live in the cities over 10000
and 20 per cent in the country towns
and out on the farms.
The cutting loose OF the American
j colonies from Great Britain played a big
part in the history Of New South Wales. for
England's jails we're OVERLOOKING with
&eEIninal or political prisoners who other
{.
America. In that extremity Il was de-
cided to make the little known land of
Australia the new place to send these
Il prisoners and in 17SS a feet OF vessels
landed 1.035 convicts at what now is the
great city Of Sydney, capital Of New
South Wales, and there they formed the
4 nucleus of the first penal colony in this
part OF the world.
The discovery Of Sydney's harbor. Port
Jackson. followed the discovery OF Botany
Bay. near by. in 100 by Capt James
Cook The ship in which he was sailing
the EndeavOr. later went ashore in the
mud of Newport , r. l., and her glOr-
ious career Of adventure and discovery
ended there.
CLOSE RELATIONS
4 WITH AMERICANS.
j Relations between the United States
and New South Wales are probably closer
4 than between the United States and any
other state in Australia. Sydney is the
i logical destination for vessels from Amer
lea and the distributing point for Amer
ican-made goods imported by Australia
That is why OF the states imports for
a year, amounting to $500 000.0o0, 80 per
cent came from the United States, more
than from any other country outside he
British Empire. Before the war che
United States supplied only 13 per cent.
OF New South Wales exports for
year, amounting to S250O0O,0O0, the
United States took more than One-eighth,
leading all other nations besides Brit
fish possessions IN absorbing shipments
Of wool skins and hides and minerals
other than coal. gole. silver and lead
Long before our trade with the state
E8had reached such proportions, however,
) Ahere was deep-rooted friendship. Amer
no r. IN 10
development Of the gold and coal fields
IL New South Wales; American engineers
I had come down to put the silver and
4 lead mines in the famous Broken Hill
i district on a working basis. More re-
.ently American steel workers were
brought in TO create Australians newest
tIg industry the steel mills at New
castle. New South Wales. The officials
who put that business on its feet, the
Workmen who taught the Australians the
J business Of steel making. all came from
the United States
n NEW SOUTH WALES
n FRIENDLY TO AMERICANS.
81 It is no surprise, then. to find that
#ln New South Wales there is an espe-
eiaIy kind feeling toward Americans
Tince the war. I did not find antipathy
toward Us anywhere in Australia. but the
New South Wales people seemed just
little friendlier, just little more IN
1erstanding Of US, than in the other
Jtates.
1t is rather pulling why for twenty
FIVE years after the first convict settle
ment was established at Port Jackson,
the range Of the Blue Mountains, a day S
Journey from the coast and only 5000
feet high. should have been the limit OF
} exploration. I find in the records OF
hose early days plenty Of references to
trips up and down the coast and de-
tailed descriptions OF the country close
70 the settlement. but very little about
the mountain ranges or the country upon
Its wide table lands, and these are far
Asrom fattering. In fact, the explorers
ranged far and made many important
i discoveries, yet neglected their own back
Fard.
New South Wales is divided into three
l sections The eastern division lies be-
tween its rather fOrbidding rocky coast
and the mountains. The central division
takes in the plateaus of the mountains
themselves. and the third or western di-
vision embraces the section which has an
average annual rainfall Of ten inches.
In this division lies the Darling River,
which Joins the Murray River on the
Victorian state boundary and is part
II the continents only important river
!. system. Between them Lucg NAdAu 4AfN-
sixths of the state OF New South Wales
and almost one seventh OF Australia.
yet the Darling, running across the
state from north to south, dwindles in
i dry seasons to a rivulet and one year
was almost dried up for eleven months
Its peculiar land formations give New
South Wales a diversified climate and
even more diversified products. The
Australian continent is affected by both
Antarctic and tropical winds and New
South Wales gets many brands OF
weather and rainfalls which average over
seventy inches year in some localities
and under ten inches in others. In the
<&sorthern and western parts Of the state
extreme heat is not unusual during the
Australian summer, while in the south
ern part there is a chain Of mountains
where during the Australian winter
juno, July and Augustine people are
sometimes snOwbound
From dry scientific Sport l culled
4 the rather startling statement that Mr..
kostusko. 7,S2s feet above sea level, the