The Washington herald., 1921-09-16
cCheH HcruLdS
Notes
qndCommenf
FRIDAY. SEPTEMBER 10, 1871.
EXPERTS REVISE THE
LANGUAGE or THE AIR.

FRIDAY. SEPTEMBER 10, 1871.
EXPERTS REVISE THE
LANGUAGE OF THE AIR.
Get out your dictionary and max,
some changes in H. The STANDARD
aeronautical terms. devised ana
compiled by the National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics. have
been officially adopted by the army
and navy air services, and even IN.
nonhying civilian will now be sx-
pected to discard ~blimp" ana
aero" and be careful not 70 sav
''aeroplsne" or "airship" when he
should say ~airplane."
Laymen have been calling any,
thing that traverses the air an
''airship," while the general WORD
including both aerostats and air
planes is aircraft" All balloons
rigid and nonrigid aIrships, or
lighter-than-Rir air craft. are con-
stantly being termed "bIimps." a
slang word now obsolete, but orig
inally used TO designate a nonrigid
airship, driven by an engine in
stalled in an airplane fuselags
slung beneath the gas bag.
The word ''hydroplane" has often
been misused in referring to a sea
plane; "hydroplane" designates a
sea sled. which planes on the sur
face Of the water but does not take
the air. An airplane has been
called an aero" which il is ex-
planned, is as wrong as calling a
boat a water" The words aero
plane" "hydro-aeroplane" and "df-
| rigible" have been done away with
and "airplane," "seaplane' and
''airship" have taken their places
Aerostats comprise lighter-than-
air craft, embodying a Container
hlled with a gas lighter than air.
such as hydrogen and sustained by
its buoyancy. They include air
ships" and balloons"
The word "airplane" Is now used
TO designate craft heavier thanair.
obtaining their support from the
action OF the air on the wings. and
driven through the air by screw
propellers. Tractors" are air
planes having their propeIIers in
front, 'Dushers" having them in
the resr. Usually airplanes are
equipped for land work with
wheeled landing gear, but when
htted for alightinE on water with
boat or pontoons, the term sea
plane" is used.
known as lighter-than-air are now
caledcalled. are divided into three
types: rigid, whose form is main
tained by a metallic frame within
the gas bag or envelope: nonririd
whose envelope is kept taught by
the pressure Of the contained gas.
and semirigid, maintained by a
rigid or 1ointed keel and also by
gas pressure. These three tvDeS
are all propelled by gas engines
located in a hull or car, or in in
dividual engine houses suspended
below the supporting envelope and
controlled by means Of rudders ana
fms.
Balloons" the second division
OF the aerostat class. have no
power plants nor means Of con-
trolling their horizontal flight
Ihey include free. or flight bal
looms Of the old style spherical
type; captive secured by a cable to
the earth; bsrrage. captive balloons
used in forming an aerial barrsr,
against airplane attacks: kite. an
elongated captive balloon such as
the Caquot observation balloon
which has tail fins to keen II
headed into the wind: nursc.
small, heavily fabricated halIoor
useo Tor storing gas and filling
, service balloons: and pilof ana
sounding balloons employed in Sc
curing meteorological data.
Among the new and often u1iSur-
oerstood terms are the following
Aeronaut-The pilot Of an aero
stat tairship or bsIloon).
Airdrome-A landing field eouin-
ped with hangers and shops
AViator-The operator or piIot or
eaVier-than-air craft, such as air
planes and seapIanes.
Bank-To incline a plane later
any in turning TO prevent skid
! ding
Ceiling - Maximum height To-
',in an alrplane or airship can
Fuselage-Body OF an sirnlar.
seats.
Glider-An airplane without =
power plant.
Helicopter-An aircraft deriving
lts support not from wings bur
'he vertical thrust OF propeIlers.
Nacelie-EnclosUre for passeU-
gers or engines, but unlike the
iuselage. II has no tail unit
ornithopter-An aircraft derfy-
ing its support and power from
/ Tapping wings.
Pancake-To land by an airplsp.
oy leNelling OF higher from the
] ground than normal. causing il 10
stail and descend nearly vertical,
Side Slipping-SIidinG on A hsrh
toward the ground
! Sklds-RunnerS used with. land
ing gear, also on lower wing TINS.
as a protection.
Skidding-Sliding sidewise away
from the ground on a bank: opro
site to slipping.
Soar-To fly on a level without
| power.
Spin-An aerial manocuyor in
which the airplane descends nearly
vertically while turning rapidIv an
the form Of a helix or a work
| screw"
faNi-To run an airplane over
the ground or a seaplane over the
water under its own power without
taking the air.
Hoom-To climb rapidly at a
very steep angle.
CATTLE RELISH
sAWDITsT EOon