davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
Japan Learns the Lesson.

The lesson thus taught has been taken
TO heart most earnestly in Japan. The
naval experts of that country are fully
aware OF the advantages Of oil as fuel
for warships, but until recently they
kept to coal burning boilers. and did not
follow the lead Of Britain and America in
designing fighting ships on an oil only
basis This conservative policy was due
10 a fear that Japan could not depend
on an abundant reserve Of fuel oil In
war time, whereas she had a compare
lively large supply Of coal. She there
fore contented herself with using oil as
an auxiliary, and while nearly all her
latest battle ships and cruisers are fitted
with oil sprays for raising the steam
pressure when a sudden increase of speed
is wanted, their furnaces are chiefly fed
with coal.
The Imperial Japanese Navy Depart
Inent has now decided to adopt oil as
the standard fuel for all new ships. It
Is believed that the battleships kaga
and Tosa and the battle cruisers Amagi.
Akagi. Atago and Takao. now building,
are equipped with oil fired boilers, and
that the whole Of the light cruisers and
destroyers Of the 'eight-e!ght" pro-
grsmme will be hred on the same prin-
ciple. One potent reason for this de-
cision was the necessity of giving all
ships intended to operate in the Pacific
the largest possible cruising radius The
distances are SO immense that any war
snip designed for fighting or patrolling
in the Pacific must be able to keep to
the sea for weeks at a time without
having to go into port to replenish her
fuel
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
Monroe Doctrine Fight
Now Looms in League

Special Cable to THE New YoRK HERALD,
Copyright. 1891, bv THE NEw YORK HERALD.
GENEVA, Sept. 10. - There
were indications during a dis
cussion in the amendments COM
mittee Of the League of Nations
to-day that Article XXI. of the
covenant, whi.h includes the
Monroe Doctrine among the
regional understandings, would
provoke a fight on the floor of
the assembly that would bring
into the question the Monroe Doc
trine particularly. One faction
here wants Article XXI. rewrit-
ten, whereas another group asks
the assembly to pass an interpre-
tative resolution, as is proposed
In connection with Article X. In
this the assembly would be called
on to define how it regards the
Monroe Doctrine and its VT der
standing of the extent Of the
principle of regional understand
lngs.
The discussion to-day arose
after it was decided to vote down
the plan by DR.. Eduard Benes of
Czecko-Slovakia for a new article
expressly sanctioning regional
groups within the league.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
BAVARIANS BURNT BUST
OF EMPEROR WILLIAM
Celebration Of German Vic
tory OUer Russia Broken Up.
BIZ The Associated Prsss

BERLIN. Seot. 19--State Councillor
Won Wolf, Bavarian member Of the
Rechsrath. or Imperial Council, which
ratified the peace treaty between Ger
many and the United States on Saturday,
declared to-day the Bavarian Govern
mo-< assented to ratification on the as
sumption that the attribution to Ger
many Of guilt for the war contained in
the treaty of Versailles would not be re-
newed.
A celebration at Wimersdorff of the
battle Of Tan1enburg. following the an
niversary of siiat engagement fought in
East Prussia in 1914, was broken up
yesterday by Parties OF Socialists and
Communists who overpowered the Ma
tionalsts, the holders OF the celebration,
and compelled their band to play revolu-
tionary airs.
The radicals also forced the band to
accompany them TO Bernau. where a bust
of ex-Emperor William and monarchical
banners which they had captured were
burned In the market place.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
SLAVERY REGULATION
APPROVED AT GENEVA
Extradition Agreement to Be
Put Up to Assembly.
BIZ the Associated press.

GENEVA Sept. 19.-An attempt by the
Assemhi. Of the League OF Nations to
negotiate and put into effect an interna-
tional convention, for the regulation of
the white slave traffic developed sharp
debate to-day. The humanitarian COM
riittee is considering the proposed regu-
lations and the delegates have expressed
anxiety that the Assembly perform some
practical achievement along this line. IL
has been proposed that the delegates ask
their respective Governments by wire
for full powers to sign the convention,
which has been prepared by special
commission sitting since the first AS
sembly OF the League
The French delegation raised the ques-
tion to-day of whether the procedure
was constitutional and proposed that the
political committee Of the Assembly be
asked to settle its constitutionaiity be-
fore an experiment is tried. Gabrie
Hanotaux said this was getting away
from the covenant Of the league and
warned the commission it was on dan
gerous grounds when it was attempting
to get the various Powers to give Their
delegates instructions by wire to sigr
binding agreements.
The committee decided against the
, French protest and will recommend tina,
the Assembly adopt the project pre-
sented by Arthur ]. Balfour which sup
plcments the regulations already in
force by provisions for the eXtradition
of persons accused of or convicted OF
this traffic, for an obligatory inquiry by
agents before procuring employment
abroad for women and for more strin-
gent control Of emigration and immigra-
tion.
All the judges elected on Wednesday
last by the Assembly and Council Of the
League Of Nations to the bench Of the
permanent International Court Of JUS
tice. with the exception Of Judge DidriS
Nyholm OF Denmark, have accepted
their election. All the Deputy Judges
chosen also have accepted, with the ex-
ception of Michailo Jovanovic of Jugo-
Slavia. Neither have been heard from.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
Japan's Eye TO Future.

When the fact became known, ear1y
this year. that the Japanese Navy De-
partment had made up its mind to dis
card coal and to build in the future only
oil burning ships Of war some uneasiness
was expressed and questions we're asked
in the Imperial Diet On February 10
the Minister or Marine, Admiral Kato,
was invited to make q statement on the
Governments petroleum policy in view
Of the control by America OF G5 per
cent OF the worlds supply and Of the
Anglo-American competition for oil SUI
prcaGacy. In his reply Admiral Kato
adDitted that the navy was storing oil
ygarly against "a future emergency"
but he refused to divulge any figures.
II II common knowledge IN Japan that
the naval authorities have been making
the most strenuous efforts during the
last two years TO accumulate huge sup
piics OF this fuel. Besides buying oil In
large quantities in the home and foreign
markets, they have spent large sums Of
money in subsdizing various schemes for
discovering new oil fields. II f. well
known that naval influence was primar-
lily responsible for the seizure OF North
Saghalien. where rich oil fields are be-
lsved TO exist During the years 1920
and 1921 the Navy Department has sub
Hcribed no less than 100000 yen 10 the
cost OF despatching special parties or en-
gineers 70 North Saghalien for oil sur
voying purposes. The reports OF these
experts are being treated as military
secrets. but L IS certain that oil has
been found in promising quantities and
that the Navy Department has secured
an option on tho bulk Of the supply.
But II Is not only within the limits OF
the Far East that the naval chiefs OF
japan are looking for fresh sources OF OIL
supply. Their agents have lately been
active In such remote places as Lower
California, Mexico and Mesopotamia. In
May last the Toxic newspap pers reported
that Japanese financier had acquired
the right TO prospect certain oil fields In
Lower California. In the same month
IN agreement was announced TO have
been reached between certain Japanese
business men and the Mexican Govern
1nent under which the former were per-
initted 10 lease $4,000 acres OF Mexican
taaritory believed TO be rich in OIL
few weeks later came the report. pub.
lished by the newspaper Kokuniif. that
the firm Of Suzuki & co. Of Kobe, had
contracted with the Navy Department to
import from Mesopotamia $4,000 tons OF
oil, which was 70 be brought to Japan in
Navy tankers.
Owing 10 this activity oil Is now pour
inH into the depots built by the navy at
1okosuka. Kure, Sasebo and Maidzur,i
the aggregate capacity of which is num-
The New York herald., 1921-09-20

! bered in many millions OF gallons. No
one seems to know the precise amount Of
money that Is being spent on the pur-
chase of oil for naval use. but 1t must be
staggering. Japan has hitherto produced
only one-third OF the oil she consumes
the remaining two-thirds being imported
but she has hopes of modifying this ratio
in future. oil prospectors are at work
in score OF Japanese districts notably
Hokkaido. and very optimistic reports
are current as to their discoveries. but in
this case. too tine true facts are sup
pressed as coming within the category OF
military secrets.
To convey oil to her fleet when 1t is
az sea or lying at war bases remote
from the coast of Japan from twenty to
twenty-five tank vessels Of large eapac-
ity are to be ready in the next few years.
Four of these ships have been COM
pleted, and funds for the rest have
already been voted. Apart from the
navy's own oil tankers a number Of
vessels Of this type owned by the ship
ping companies would be placed at the
disposal of the Navy Department under
an agreement that comes INTO fierce in
the event of mobilization being ordered.
In consequence of these measures the
Japanese navy has. or shortly will have,
oil transports.
1t would OF course be unfair to impute
varlike intentions to Japan just because
she is displaying so much interest In the
question of oil supplies. Oil has now
become an indispensable factor in naval
preparedness. and Japan, in laying up
big reserves of this fuel at stations from
which her fleet would have to operate in
ease Of war. Is simply following the ex-
ample set by Great Britain and the
United States.
AT he present moment her stocks are
probably not large enough to tide her
over naval war even Of short duration
and as she will be placing many more
oil burning warships in commission in
the course of the next few years 1t is ABB
solutely necessary for her TO increase her
oil reserves without delay. Unless she
can achieve this, declaration of war
would find the Japanese Navy lahoring,
as regards mobility and range of action,
under very serious disadvantage. which
might compel II to assume a purely
defensive role instead OF taking the sud-
den and energetic offensive for which
the war plans of the Japanese Naval
Staff provide.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
WASHINGTON BETTER
ABLE TOCUT NAVIES
Continued from First Page.

rials fixed. the supreme question would
be: What is the aim of the country
regarding which these facts had been
obtained. and. in view Of the present
world situation. what destiny may it be
called on in future to face?"
Nothing but further investigations ap-
pear to be proposed in the report or in
the discussions here, the lineup being
drawn between those who would de-
nand the military secrets of the league
members Immediately and upon refusal
or the countries have league represen-
tatives visit them and ascertain the
facts. and those who would, apparently.
leave the league as it was before ii was
accorded any such authority.
The leagues right of investigation
is the rock upon which not only disa r
mament. but many other schemes Of US
ing the ganization az a world cure-all
will go to pieces.
The commission bitterly condemns the
United States for not ratifying the St.
Germain convention limiting arms traf-
fic, because lin view of the magnitude
of its production and the potential out
put whereof its vast resources are cap
able, its case is of capital Importance"
The British and the Japanese are re-
ported to be willing to ratify 1t IL the
United States does" The report says
that ''it Is clear to us that II the Amer
lean traffic is not controlled, control
will not be operative, since to try an at
tempted control of arms traffic by other
States would merely result in transfer
ring the sources of supply to the United
States
The net result of the committees la
bors is QUESTIONABLE which the as
sembly is asked to ADOPT, seeking fur
ther information. and about which there
will be fight between the two factions
on disarmament.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
JAPANESE DEMAND
WIDE DISCUSSION
Armament Conference Should
Take Up Mexico, Says
Viscount KatO.
Bv the Associated Press.

TOXIC, Sept 19.-Japan should insist
in discussing at the Washington confer
encc not only questions regarding the
Far East but also matters affecting tho
American coast, including Mexico, ana
also Australia. says Viscount Takaaki
Kato, President of the kensei-kai, or
Opposition party. in statement issued
here.
japan should adhere to the twenty-one
demands she sent 10 China, and should
insist upon an agreement in all the other
enga gemonts Of that country, declares
resolution PASSED by the political coEl-
nlittee Of the same party.
NJ. WakatsulSi, manager of the party
and member OF the Okuna Cabines.
which concluded the treaty empodying
the twenty-one demands, asserts that &
Japan had territorial ambitions sho
could have seized part of China during
the war instead of arranging a treaty
designed to secure the economic develop
ment of China and Japan
"An ultimatum to China Is unavoid-
able" his statement declares. because
China has cancelled matters previously
agreed to- Despite the denunclauon OF
the treaty abroad, 1t was the means OF
preserving peace III tfle roi i1Ns'
Jspan in principle is ready for a COM
plete examination of all affairs COLI
nected with China, according to informa-
tion reaching the Associated Press.
Japan Is willing. it Is said in the same
quarter. for examination Of the ~ de-
mands" agreement, provided its validity
Is not questioned, and argument is not
raised that the treaty was consumma.ed
by force.
"our great aim" said one Japanese,
sis the securing of the opening OF All
China for trade and residence SO tnat
our people and other peoples may do
business In the interior If China Is
thrown open like Japan to the world
this country, for one. would not find 1t
necessary to secure leased territories IN
which to engage in the commerce SO
necessary to our growing population
The withdrawal of Notifications from
all islands in the Pacific. the neutral
lzation of the Panama Canal, the re-
moval OF limitations on coastwise trade
throughout the world and the settlement
OF racial discrimination on the princi-
ple Of the coexistence Of mankind and
the spirit OF justice and humanity
should be included in Japans propo-
sails at the conference in the opfnion OF
the National Policy Investigation Asso-
citation. This body was organized to
educate the public concerning the con-
ference.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
OPPOSITION ARISING
TO GERMAN TREATY
Plain Sailing, Once Apparent
ly in Sight, Followed by
Obstructive Tactics.
Speciol Despatch to THE New YoRK HEgALp.
New York Herald Bureau,
WashfngtOn, ID, O., Sept. 10.


New York Herald Bureau,
Washington. ID. e., Sept. ID.
The new treaty of peace with Ger
sailing through the Senate which APP
peared to be the prospect when the COM
pact was first made public month ago.
Signs OF opposition have developed
during the last week or two. The OPP
position is not lielsly to be able TO mus
ter enough strength 10 do more than
merely delay ratification, but 1t prob
ably will be large enough to command
considera BILE attention. 1t Is doubtful
whether when the roll is called on rati-
fication there will be more than dozen
votes against the treaty. but indications
are there will be much debate, involving
all phases of the international situation,
When the treaty was first published
no voice was raised against 1t in the
Senate. 1t was understood to be accept
able to the 'irreconcilables," and even
the Democratic Senator'S who stood by
President Wilson and the League of
Nations to the last ditch appeared to oe
friendly to the compact Senator Hitcn-
cock (Neb.) was thought to be voicing
the sentiment of the Democrats when he
declared he saw no reason for not rati-
flying the treaty.
More careful study of the treaty. how
ever has convinced several of the "irrec.
oncilable" group on the Republican
side that the treaty will involve the
United States in European disputes.
They fear that ratification by the Sem
ate will enable President Harding to ap-
point official American representatives
on many OF the international commits
sions set up by the treaty of Versailles
and they contend that this inevitably
will lead the United States into serious
entanglements abroad.
On the other hand. some OF the Demo
Gratis are planning TO fight the treaty on
the ground that 1t does not "entangle"
enough. They are raising again their
old slogan OF mo separate peace with
Germany" Their contention is, as 1t
was during the fight over the Knox reso-
luton. that such peace would be 'dis-
honorable"
With the prospect of considerable de-
bate ahead, there was speculation IN
some quarters over what course the Adj
ministration would pursue. The Presl-
dents plan has been to submit the treaty
to the Senate Immediately upon the re-
convening OF Congress. 1t was pointed
out that a spirited controversy raging
in the Senate over the treaty whi the
armament limitation conference Is in
progress Nigh; be a source of some en-
barrassment to the Administration
Whether the Administration will regard
the opposition as sufficiently formidable
to require a revision of its plans with
regard to the submission Of the treaty
remains 10 be seen.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
CHINA TO ISSUE BONDS
FOR RADIO STATIONS
Designed to Complete Ameri-
can Conpdnys Contract.

PEKIN, Sept. 19.-The Department of
Communications has signed a supple
mentary bond issue for completing the
Federal Company's wireless contract
which long has been the subject of neEo-
tiations growing out of the Anglo-Jap-
anese contention that it infringed their
respective rights. The contract was
signed January last.
To-day's developme le in the situation
will permit of the Americans proceeding
with the construction OF high powered
plant at Shanghai AMI smaller stations
at Harbin. Pekin, Hankow and Canton.
A despatch from Pelxin last March
said the American Minister, acting on
instructions from Washington, would
hand to the PelSin Government a note
informing 1t that the directorate of the
American Federal Wireless Company
had ratified the agreement entered into
by its representatives and the Chinese
Minister of Communica tions for the
erection OF high powered wireless plant
at Shanghai. The despatch added that
much significance was alta ched to the
incident, which was considered as being
a test by the United States of the Brit
ish claim 10 monopoly in wireless con-
struction in China.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
JAPAN STORING OH.
FOR HER NEW Navy
Has Decided to Adopt 1t as
Standard Fuel for
Ships.
FOR USE IN EMERGENCY
Admiral KatO Admits Ac-
cumulating Huge Supplies,
but Gives No Figures.
COMBING WORLD FIELDS
Actively Collecting Oil From
Lower California, Mexico
and Mesopotamia.
FOR USE IN EMERGENCY
C0MBING WORLD FIELDS

Special Correspondence ia TIE NEW YoeS
HERALD. ..
New York Herald Bureau
London, sept. 19
Students of naval warfare need no
reminder as to the capital Importance
of fuel supplies in relation to STRAIT
egy. If, in Napoleon's expressive
phrase. an army marches on its belly.
then it may be said with equal truth
that a fleet cruises on its bunkers.
Without ample reserves of coal or oil,
or both, as the case may be. the finest
fleet in the world would be powerless
10 take effective action against an
enemy, and no nation is showing it
more clearly understands this fact
than Japan.
When Great Britain, year or two
before the war, began the construc-
tion of battleships, cruisers and tor
pedo craft with oil fired boilers it was
recognized that a hazardous step had
been taken, since all these ships would
be dependent en- fuel which was not
produced in England and therefore
had to be brought from overseas. But
the gain in speed, range of action and
engineering efficiency resulting from
The adoption of oil was so Immense
that the risk was accepted.
On the outbreak Of war considerable
portion Of the British fleet used oil for
steam raising. and the Admiralty had to
tackle the problem of enlarging its
stock of oil 10 a figure far above the
peace time standard. Toward the close
of 1916 German y boats were sinking
oil tankers at such a rate that the navy $
supply Of this precious fuel was in grave
danger. After several months OF ex-
treme anxiety the peril was overcome
by utilizing the double bottoms of At
lantic liners for oil transport. and by
means OF this and other expedieuts the
reserves Of oil were again brought UP to
the safety mark, and the Allies. in Lord
Curzon's words. "floated TO victory on
a wave OF oil"
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
FRENCH ASTRONOMERS GIBES
AT MINE SHAFT MARS VIEW
Able MoreauX Says Prof. Macafee's Photographs
Might Bring Planet Within 1000 Mile Range,
Calls Canals Natural Valleys.

what can be seen beyond the general
contour. which has already been well
defined?
''As to canals on Mars. we arc as sure
as we will ever be that they are natural
valleys some three hundred miles Wide.
1t is unlikely. even on such an ancient
planet, that they have ever been worked
by human beings
Able Moreaux is preparing a paper
regarding Mars. which for years has
been a subject of special study by him.
In this he intends to refute the popular
theory that Mars is inhabited by a
superdeveloped race. He contends that
the rarified atmosphere there. which he
estimates is comparable to that existing
ten miles from the earth. would not per-
NIT human life to exist.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
JAP WARsHIP ON LEDGE.
Old Mikasa, sunk in Russian War
Badly Damaged.
Bu the Associated Prcss

TOXIC, Sept. 10. The battiesnp
Mikasa, one of the older units of the
japanese fleet and flagship of Admiral
Togo In the Russo-Japanes war has
been badly damaged by striking a ledge
Of rocks while en- route to Vladivostoi.
from the northern Siberian coast.
The vessel was built In 1901 and dur
ing the Russian war was sunk. 1t was
raised and rebuilt in 1906.
The New York herald., 1921-09-20

Special Cable to THE NEW YosK HERALD.
Copyright, 1921, ~ TIM NEW YORK HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau,
Paris, Sept. 10.
French astronomers. and especially
Abbe Moreaux, director OF the Burgess
Observatory, are heaping ridicule on
Prof. Macafee's calculations that by
utilizing n mine shaft as a barrel for his
mercury disk telescope he will be able to
produce photographs Of Mars similar to
those which could be made were the
planet photographed from a distance of
five miles,
AS a matter OF fact" Able Moreaux
said. Mars would he brought, perhaps.
about u thousand miles from his vision.
but at distance Of thousand miles
The New York herald., 1921-09-20
HARVEST HANDS IN DISTRESS.

REGINA, Sask.. Sept 1e.--Without
food or shelter. hundreds of harvest
hands are stranded here by the wet
weather which has halted the thresa-
ing OF wheat crops throughout the prov
lnce. Appeals have been made for their
relief