davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

four coils. with about twenty to thirty teet
OF slack between each coil. These cooled
cables will then be strung one on either side
of four mules giving each mule a coil.
About three weeks ago one OF the press
associations in its feature service sent out
the following story:
you have read of many heroes, what do
YOU think of this one? Homer j. Arm found
himself on the edge of the Grand Canyon, In
charge of eleven horses loaded with the
deadly explosive INT to be used in blasting
for bridge. One animal became frightened
and three were crowded over the edge Push
ing in among the struggling pack horses,
Arm, Government packer cut rope that
let three of the horses drop into the canyon
and saved the rest.
IF you have looked down a mile OF
so into the Grand Canyon, imagine eleven
horses loaded with INT struggling on the
edge and yourself mixed up with them, cut
ting the rope"
Once the material is down at the rivers
bed the fixing of the cable will start. A
ffty foot eighty pound steel rail will be inn
bedded with concrete on the far side OF
boulder in a specially drilled hole to form the
south anchor for the bridge. The point of
the rail will, OF course, be in the direction
from which the weight of the bridge will
come. or in other words pointed toward the
bridge The cable will be hitched about II
several times fixed in place over the boulder
by a three foot staple and then carried across
the river to be fastened to the north end
A similar rail will be set in on the north
wall The cable will be led over a concrete
rock and rail pier and htched about this
rail stake,
From end to end these upper cables Will
measure 500 feet and will be at an elevation
of about two hundred feet. Eighty feet be-
low them on either side the floor of the
bridge will be anchored back to the walls Of
the canyon. From the overhead cables side
stanching cables will come down in the
shape of inverted VS. and run through the
wooden rafters. The nine foot planking Will
be nailed and riveted onto these rafters and
n hog mesh wiring will he strung along
either side of the bridge to protect tourists
and animals. The bridge will be built forty
feet above the ordinary height of the river
and thirteen feet above the highest known
water mark IT will cost approximately
$4,000.
The descent OF the Bright Angel trail will
then be begun. This is a trip of great
charm as well as thrill. There are two steep
cliffs which the trail descends in series OF
short bitches of zgzass. one Of which
known as Jacobs Ladder. carries the travel
Ter down the famous Redwell formation
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
IR DUNN'S LORE--OTHER WEATHER NOVEL TIES

or black the coming winter will be very
cold
Spiders weaving their webs means a spell
of fair weather.
When the husk of the grows tight to
the ear expect a cold winter; when loose
mild winter.
When leaves hang to the trees late in the
fall there win be plenty of snow.
Heavy coats of fur fur bearing ami
mails show that the winter will be severe.
Apples falling in quantities from the trees
is an indication OF mild winter.
If corn husks are thick the winter will
be cold If thin, the winter will be mild.
If the rabbit sits erect it means a mild
winter.
If swine be restless and grunt loudly there
will be much wind.
Corns ache previous to rain because the
feet swell on account of the less dense at
mosphere
You can tell by two what it's going to do;
Rain before seven. shine before eleven.
If Candemas be fair and bright,
Winter will take another flight:
If Candemas Day be dark and drear,
Winter is gone for all that year.
Halos around the moon or sun are pre-
cursors of wet weather.
The number of stars in the halo, the num-
ber of days before rain.
The pale appearance is probably due to
the upper regions of the atmosphere being
covered with a thin veil of cirrus clouds,
being forerunners of a storm.
The halo indicates rain or snow because
it shows the upper atmosphere to contain
considerable moisture.
r.
Il full moon rises red look for wind.
Haze around the sun or moon indicates
excessive moisture and rain snow
If there is a thaw between Christmas and
New Years a thaw in all the winter months
is to be expected.
When snakes remain in sight in the late
fall it is a sign of open winter; snakes
take to their holes four weeks before winter
sets in
A green Christmas a fat graveyard.
When wasps build their nests close to the
ground it is sign of a mild winter.
Muskrats show unusual activity in build
ing their nests when a severe winter is at
hand.
The value of snow covered ground has
long been recognized. The snow, a bad
conductor of heat protects the ground from
cooling during the entire time that the tenn
perature of the air and the surface of the
snow is below the freezing point.
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

the weather is one
II feature of meteorology which requires
- long study. perseverance and years
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

of it's spectacular beauty and points of in
terest. the north rim is looked upon
throwing the canyon more in relief. 1t Is
reary a thousand feet higher and from 1t
the grandeur OF the great earth cuts and
inspiring terrain can be better appreciated.
1t is to make intercommunication between
the north and south rims possible TO the
tourist that the Government u building its
r.ew swinging bridge beside Zoroasters Tenn
pie at the mouth of Bright Angel Creek and
at the foot of Bright Angel Trail
The business of building the bridge across
the river according to the engineers, will
ne comparatively easy. 1t is simply the old
problem of blasting away troughs and holes
in the rock to permit the sinking of steel
rails. round which the cable ends Will be
fastened The matter Of getting the material
for the bridge down 10 the site. however. Will
be difficult task and one of the biggest
problems in human labor supplemented by
animal effort. since Hannibal sent the engi-
ner corps of his legions scurrying down
the far side of the Alps to pour some acid
on the stones and start n fire beside them
Hannibal is reported to have used this primi-
tive blasting method to clear road for his
cavalry and pack animals.
In this case primitive and none too good
trail, in many spots about yard wide. runs
and Zoroaster's Temple In the rocks where
the bridge will be built Naturally straight
path could not run down the side of the
canyon from the rim to the basin and to
avoid the decvity the trail switches back
and forth along the rocky side, pitched at
an angle calculated to keep the canyon
eweler as well as the tenderfoot tourist on
guard every minute Of his descent or climb.
The material for the bridge will consist
principally OF steel wire, seven-eighths ana
three -eighths OF an inch respectively in
diameter heavy wood timbers. strips OF
flooring of nine foot length and tools and
blasting powder. The material will be fur-
nished by the Government TO the Monarch
Engineering Company al its headquarters
in Denver 1t will be sent by spur OF the
Santa Fe Railroad through Williams, Ariz''
TO Grand Canyon station FL Tovar. There
the mule teams are already beginning the
work OF taking tho material down the Mill
sides.
Most OF the material viii be packed as
deadweight on both sides OF the mules
though the mules will be hitched In tan
dem. but the matter OF getting the long
cables down Is going to require the harness
ing of at least four mules in tandem and
stringinR OF the load between them The main
cables will weigh between 700 and 500
hounds apiece, A cable will be gathered into
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

tails. stretching from the horizon to the
zenith indicate wind
A gray and low overcast sky with appar-
emily no movement and northerly wind IN
dicates snow in autumn and winter.
A gray sky in the morning promises fair
weather.
Dark gloomy blue skies foretell wind.
light blue sky indicates fair weather
still to come.
Cirrus clouds with feathery tips turned
mp indicate rain: with feathery tips turned
down, fair weather.
Small inky looking clouds foretell rain.
Fog forming in the morning is an infalli-
ble sign of a fair day.
If fog sets in during the night misty
or rainy day may be expected.
When smaller clouds melt into one an
other fair weather will continue.
Dew or frost never occurs on windy
night
Dew forms heaviest after hot day.
Three days of frost. then rain.
If the wishbone of the goose be dark blue
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
Farmers Informed
By Radio Reports

THE recent expansion in wireless ser
vice by which daily agricultural
L market reports now despatched
to farmers in ten Eastern and twelve Cen
tral States has proved. in the opinion of
Government officials who are intent upon
still further development of the system. that
the project once regarded as visionary is
entirely practicable. Working in cooperation
with the Agricultural Department the Post
Office Department has given invaluable aid
by sending out market reports from Its
wireless stations at Omaha. st. Louis, Belle
ionte pa and Washington. ID. G. Each sta
tion has radius Of approximately 300 miles,
and these stations either directly or in con-
junction with local radio receiving agencies
are capable of reaching every section OF the
twenty-five States with information relative
TO weather, prices and conditions at the
leading agricultural market centres ana
shipping points on the same day that bus-
ness is transacted.
In the territory covered there more
than 1000 licensed amateur wireless OPP
orators and efforts are being made TO per-
feet an organization that every farmer
and all other agricultural interests may re-
Ceive the reports soon as possible The
radio signal is % s T." which means call
to all stations" or everybody listen"
The expanded service Is the direct out
growth of the experimental radio market
reporting activities conducted by the Bureau
of Markets with the cooperation of wireless
experts in the Bureau of Standards who
for three months sent out daily "radiomar-
ketgrams" of 400 to 900 words from the sta
tion I'm Washington which covered radius
OF 200 miles. Newspapers farmers organl-
zations and individuals manifested much in
terest In the service, and with the offer of
the Post Office Department to send the re-
ports from its various radio stations the
great step in advancement was made pos
sbe
The radio stations operated by the Post
Office Department In Washington and else
where are used primarily In connection with
the coast to coast air mail service. keeping
i'm touch with the sixty-fve airplanes which
transport some 200.0 900 letters daily over
distance Of 200 miles. Having now the
twcfod function Of directing the air mail
and sending out market reports. the stations
form 4 definite link between the Post Office
and Agricultural departments.
The Washington radio station now In u~
for air mail and market report service Is
new one and is in charge of Y. G. Egerton.
Among those who took part In the formal
opening besides Mr.. Egerton were Secretary
of Agriculture Wallace Postmaster General
HAYS. Charles r. Marvin. chief of the
Weather Bureau. Or. S. w. stratton Di-
rector Of the Bureau Of Standards and w.
A. wheeler. Director Of Markets.
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

happy enough that it has been taken up
seriously by the experts abroad and they
hope this interest will bring about the adop-
ton of the suggestion by Prof. Bjerknes TOT
the chain of polar stations
ut is an indication" said Prof. Charles
f. Marvin, chief of the United states
Weather Bureau, that the weather fore
casters abroad realizing that weather
Is not entirely a local affair. | am confident
that the United States would be happy to
share its part in maintaining chalh oil
polar stations such as have been suggested
hy Prof. Bjerknes. In fact. the United States
Weather Bureau now is obtaining such re
ports to a limited extent. We have sta
tions along the Arctic Circle in Alaska, ana
reports come also from Iceland
Prof Marvin and Major Edward ii. Bowie
the supervising forecaster of the United
States Weather Bureau. both declared there
is nothing new in the so-called polar front
theory with the exception of the name.
In the United States the theory has been
known as the trough of low barometer
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
Mormons Among First White Men
To Lay Eyes on Great Spectacle

Even the lore OF the Havasupai Indians,
whose home in the Cataract Canyon forms
the western boundary, does not tell OF the
beginning of the canyon. Mormon herds
men. the trappers who pioneered America
md Spanish explorers were the first white
men to lay eyes on the great natural spec
tacle. El Tovar. a Spanish Captain under
Cardenas. who led one of the Diaz expedi-
tions a said TO have discovered the Grand
Canyon. His old records describe river
which seemed to be more than three or four
loapuesr below the banks on which they
stood Spanish priests are understood 10
have visited the spot In 1875. and a place at
which they are thought tc have crossed Is
stiu called "Nado de los Padres, or the
crossing Of the fathers.
Tho Grand Canyon has been part Of the
National park system Of the Government
since February. 1919 II is located in north
central ARIZONA and is accessible from the
south through williams and Flagstaff Ariz
From the north II Is reached through Lund,
Irtah but because OF the unfordahe con-
oition of the river through traffic is difficult
Ia the transcontinental tourist Moreover
while the south rim IL said to disclose more
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
First Worth While Exploration
Made by Major John Wesley Power

1t was left TO Major John Wesley Power.
enc armed veteran Of the civil war. and later
Director of the United states Geological
Survey, to make the first worth while ex-
ploration. He started with nine men and
four toats from Green River city. Utah. on
NAV "a 1869 The huge waterfalls and
underground passages described by the In
dans were not found, but tho trip was one
of extreme hardship and danger Almost
caily the boats were upset and the passage
of the many rapids was always perilous.
often the party would embark upon long
foaming slants without knowing what fails
lay around the precipitious headlands In
front OF them. one Of the boats. most OF the
scientific instruments and nearly all OF the
food we're lost For weeks the clothing Of
the adventurers was water soaked and there
came time when four OF the men deserted,
preferring To risk the danger Of hostile In
dlans on the rim rather than face longer
the unknown perils OF the canyon.
The work on the bridge is already well
under way and the Government has been
promised that the contractors will have the
bridge completed In time to accommodate
part OF the late season trafic Of the 1921
summer season.
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
Swinging Bridge Adds to Grand Canyons Thrills

which is distinct scenic feature of the
canyon from every viewpoint rms tran
emerges into Indian Garden, so called De-
cause the Havasupai Indians once cultivated
the soil through which passes the streaS
which originates in the springs below the
Redwar 1t is called the Garden Creek.
Through the Garden the trail passes on
Gown to the edge of the muddy Colorado
and the Temple OF Zoroaster, nearly OPP
posite Bright Angel Creek, from which
the trail gets its name, and which in turn
flows through the earth fssure known as
Bright Angel Fault.
The trail will then lead over the new
ridge and by way of Tram Camp and kal-
pab trail. Tram Camp is a ranger camp on
the north side OF the river az Bright Anger
Point and is so named because at present
a cable tram is in operation over the river
at this point. As the tourists ascend the
north side the beauties they have had near
at hand on the descent Will stand out
in relief. and as they near the top tney VIII
be able to look out seventy-fve miles over
the south rim and view the painted desert
that extends to the south and east Here
the beauty OF the Grand Canyon will Inn
press the tourist with it's massiveness.
The Grand Canyon has long been nat
ural wonder. As early as thirty-hNe years
ago Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from
Indiana introduced a bill in Congress that
would nave given IL NATIONAL pdlh Slhe"''
Politics, local apathy and private interests
which sought to use it's water power ana
search it's stream for precious metals ana
Jewels are said to have prevented TINS. In
1908 President Roosevelt made ii q national
monument railroad was once surveyed
through il and a scenic railroad projected
along it's south rim. only a few years ago
pians were making in New York to oam It's
waters for power and irrigation, and about
two years ago the Federal Government took
1t over as part of the national park sys-
TEN.
The first survey to cross the Grand Canyon
was in 1854 when Lieut.. Whipple crossed
IL in i'm laying out a railroad route along
the thirty fifth parallel. About three years
previous to that time the Sitgreaves expe-
ditions crossed the river $50 miles above
Yuma In 1857 Lieut.. Ives in steamboat
shipped by the War Department to the
Gulf of California attempted to explore the
river. He steamed up stream TO he head OF
the Black Canyon. Here he disembarked and
marched to Cataract Creek. and from there
around the San Francisco peaks to Fort
Defiance but little came of his explora-
tions.
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

Special Correspondence to THE NEW YORK
HERALD.
Copyri0ht. 1921, By THE NEW YORK HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau,
Washington, ID. C., April 20.
T INTERNATIONAL cooperation for the
establishment of chain of observing
stations completely circlng the north
pole as a further aid in gathering detailed
information for the making of weather fore
casts is hoped for by American Government
meteorologists as result of the so-called
polar 'front.' weather discovery in Europe
which now is attracting considerable atteh-
ton .
This theory, for which Prof. B1erknes OF
Norway is receiving the credit OF develop
ment is in fact not new at all to the Ameri-
can weather experts 1t has been one OF
the primary principles on which the Amefi-
can forecasts have been made over long
period of years it developed to-day at the
United States Weather Bureau. Yet, smil-
ing among themselves, the weather men are
The New York herald., 1921-05-01

Special Correspondence 10 IHE NEW 1ohh
HERALD.
copn,iobt 1921. by THE NEW YORK HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau,
Washington ID. e., April 80.
%HE Grand Canyon of the Colorado is
described by scientists as the great
4 est example OF erosion and the most
sublime spectacle in the world" and this
description is now accepted by the Federal
Government which is planning to make its
north side more accessible to tourists com
ing up from the south by stringinG wire
cable bridge over the river at point nearly
5000 feet down the precipitous sides of the
canyon This bridge will encourage tourist
traffic to a natural wonder that is said to
rival. even though 1t does not surpass the
splendor of the northern lights. the tremen-
dous white spectacle Of the Himalayas or
the mighty caldron of the House of Ever
lasting Fire in the Hawaiian volcanic parks
Its historic erosion, its sheerness ana Us
Kaleidoscope changes are considered the
most pronounced among natural wonders.
About the time that the trickling stream
lets OF the Merced began several million
wears ago to cut their way through the
Yosemite Valley the Colorado to-day one
of the greatest rivers of the continent be-
aan to gather the drainage of Utah. Colo
RADIO. Wyoming and Arizona and, In fact, the
whole divide south and east of the Great
Basin together with many ranges of the
Rockies and carry this water down over the
soft rock beds of north central Arizona. Its
tributaries. the Grand and the Green, Flow
together in Utah
The Green may be properly said to be a
continuation of the Colorado, thus making
the main stream that flowed over this bed
1900 miles in length. Little by little this
great stream of water has eaten its way
down through the mica schist and metamor-
phis rock eroding or carrying away the silt
and stone until il has formed it's present
bed fathoms deep in the canyon. Millions
of years later when our forebears come into
the great open West there It was, the Grand
Canyon cut thousands of feet down into the
heart Of the earth, with hidden arches, short,
swift narrows. dangerous caves and grottoes
a part Of its river bed and sheer. steep walls
that rose AT it's sides toward the light OF
the skies above Little by little these walls
gave way to north and south as they rose,
until from a few hundred feet apart at the
rivers bed they measured from eight TO
twenty miles from rim to rim at the top.
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
Clouds Figure Among the Most
Reliable indicators OF Weather

Clouds are among the most reliable Of
natural phenomena to he considered In fore
casting the weather. a few cloud signs arc
here given:
a notified SKY al any season of the year
prpsages fine weather.
Cirrus clouds forming mackore sky
foretel rain and sometime heavy storm
Of wind or rain.
streamers of clouds. resembling mares
The New York herald., 1921-05-01
Scheme to Flag the
Storm King by Re-
porting Disturbances
Within the Polar Cir
Gle Finds Favor

theory and the region of opposing winds"
theory. 1t has been generally recognized by
the more advanced students of weather over
long period, Prof. Marvin and Major
Bowie explained. In 1873 it was referred
10 by the German writer Dove and also by
Capt Toynbee, an Englishman. DR.. F. H.
Bigelow over a period of twenty years in
the United States Weather Bureau, referred
to it the commencement" theory, and il
was known to Sir Nampier Shaw, the emf
nent English scientist, as the storm lane"
The scientists are willing enough to give
credit to Prof. Bjerllnes for assigning new
name to the theory, agreeing that the words
polar 'front.' at least highly descriptive.
Theory Involves Interplay
Of Two Streams of Air
The theory, briefly, Is that the weather
conditions result from an interplay of two
streams of air, one flowing down from the
north pole Cor the south poe) and the
other flowing up from the tropics These
streams of air meet along shifting front
in the temperate zone, with a direct bear
ing upon the weather The air from the
pole naturally is cold while that from the
tropics is hot. Setting aside from the con-
sidera ton the established air currents.
which, of course affect the situation to some
extent the cold air from the north is trying
continually to rush in to replace the warm
air The extent to which this is possible
depends on the temperature of the air,
which in turn results from the heating of
the earth 1t is an extremely complex sys-
tem-but operates in accordance with the
heating of the earth, the uneven heating, to
be exact.
These counter currents, one from the
north and the other from the south, always
are opposing each other, forcing each other
backward and forward over the country. 1t
is the line al which they meet which Prof.
Bjerknes has called the polar front" 1t
is the same thing which other scientists
recognized before but called by different
names
The meeting place Of these currents,
shifting as il is is the centre of weather dis
turbances excepting those which are essen
TALLY local. BY following this polar front
across the country and back by means oil
weather reports from strategic points the
observers are able to forecast with consid-
erable accuracy just what the weather IS
going to be at a given time.
The programme which is now suggested
is to police the polar fronts by stations all
around the north pole, at about 90 or
65 degrees, so that reports may be received
as to the pressure at the different points.
If this were DONE the scientists declare,
they would be able to observe unusual
pressure when it developed and be able to
detect further in advance the strengthen
ing of the polar current.
This is being done now so far as is pos
sible with the reports received from Green
land and Alaska, but it would be oil the
greatest value in the opinion of Prof. Mar
win and Major Bowie, If they could know
the conditions all around the pole.
one of the obstacles for such an ar
rangement would be. of course the distance
from civilization. The reports would have
to be received by wireless.